A STUDY OF SOLAR STREET LIGHT AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SPACING IN POLES AND COST

ASTUDYOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTANDOPTIMIZATIONFORSPACINGINPOLESANDCOST

1ABHINANDANSHARMA,2Prof.(Dr.)B.K.SHARMA,3HARISINGH,4BHANUPRATAPSINGH

1Scholar,SureshGyanViharUniversity,Jaipur,Email:[email protected]

2Prof&Head,MEd,DeanStudentsWelfare,Email:[email protected]

3AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,GVSET,Jaipur,Email:[email protected]

4Scholar,SureshGyanViharUniversity,Jaipur,Email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Inthispaperwearestuddingtheconvectionalledlightofrenewableenergyofelectrification.NowtheIndiahasbeenusingtheremotecontrolofenergyinsolarpower.SolarelectrificationisthemostimportantpartofthedevelopinginIndiaasitisurbanareaor ruralarea. In thispaper,weare focusing theoptimizationof solar electrification to chargeofpower, costefficientandefficiencyeffect.AlsodiscussthehowLEDlightismoreefficientlyascomparetotheCFLlightinsolarstreetlight.Wewilldiscuss thestudyofLED lightandCFL lightaboutaccess theenergy insolarproject.Solarstreet lightprojecthasdevelopedbynewtechnologyasautomatedcontrolsystem,tubularbattery,panel’stype.Indiaisusingthesolarstreetlightinruralareasbecauseofthelesstransportationofelectricityinruralareas.WearestuddingtheruralstreetlightinRajasthantogenerate the solar electric light in road. Solar Street light is friendlybehaviorofhumanbeing to save the energyandreducesthecriminalcasesonroadinnightandalsoreducedtheaccidentinnight.StreetlightoptimizationisdiscussingthesufficientofstreetlightinanareaofroadinINDIA.

Wearediscussingthepopulationofruralareaandusethestreetlighttoevaluatetheeffectonenvironmentbythedifferenttypeoflight.

KEYWORDS:Solarstreetlight,ruraldevelopment,Renewableenergy,Energyconservation,Distanceoptimization.

1. INTRODUCTION

Theoreticalwork

The research of light has been crucial in solar powersystem.Itisworkonsunlighttophotovoltaiccells.Thenatural lightswhichcomefromsunraysisabsorbedbythe solar photovoltaic and create the energy into theelectricenergy.ElectricenergyisstoredinbatteriesandflowthecurrentinCFLorledlight.Nowthesedays,theimprovement of the research in electricity by the sunrays is the more efficiently and less light pollution. Inpresentday,weareusingtheCFLandLedlightinstreetlight system. CFL and LED light has less maintenancecost,buttheledlighthashighinstallationcharge.ButthemaximumefficiencyoftheLEDlightisgoodbyitsgivenluminanceandabetter illuminationcomparison toCFLlight.

Fig.1‐Sunraysonsolarpanel

Thesourceof lightsunwhichprovides the illuminationis conducting the semi conductor material. The solarpanelsarethedevicewhichconvertsthelightenergytotheelectricenergy.Mono‐crystallineandPolycrystallineare the basic type of solar panel. Mono‐crystalline hasmore efficiency as compare to Polycrystalline. Mono‐crystallinepanelhassomedemerititstopswhentheanypartofcrystallineinshadow.

Table1:Solarelectrificationinruralareainmw

Source:MNRE,2011_17.

ABHINANDAN SHARMA et al. DATE OF PUBLICATION: OCT 17, 2014

ISSN: 2348-4098 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 7 SEP-OCT 2014

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY- www.ijset.in 1533

Solar energy convert of electric energy is stored inbattery inpowerwhichgives thecurrentof lightbulbs.Batteryissupportedtoloadoftheinvertorstocarrythecontrolofchargethebattery.Weusethetubularbatteryin the solar system to reduce the resistance in batteryandthewires.Solarheattoelectricityisnoconvectionalrecourses.Solarpanelarefixedinseriesandinparallel,each cells are made on silicon to increase the current.Thecrystallinesiliconaslikeribbonandthinsiliconaremost popular in solar system. Led light are based onsiliconcarbideanditislessemitteddiode.Inruralareasareusingtheledmuchbetterthanotherlamp.Ledsavenotalsopowerbutalsomoneystandardallothercurrentand consume the 50%power saving. Led has the goodwhite brightness and it’s available in large production.Causeofmuchapplianceit’sshippinginlargeamountofproduction for the consumer. Solar power system hastake place the fossil fuel in some area aswell as homepower,streetlight,industriesetc.Renewableenergyhasadoptionthesometypeofpowerlikewaterpower,windturbine,tidalpower,andsolartechnologies.

Table2:ElectricitygenerationinIndia

Source:MNREreport,2011_17.

Solartrackersaretheworkinthecleanskyandtrackthesunrays for thegoodoutput. It tracks theoneand twoaxis the sun rays.When tracker is track the sun rays itpasses the one axis east towest throughout thewholedayandthemoduleofcellsandthelightdonotchangeitdirection it always fix on its angle. Controller is thedevicewhichcontrolsthedcelectricityandcommandtothe device which control the electric gear machine togenerate the electricity. It is used for the collecting onsunraysbythesolarpanel.

Fig.2‐Theblockdiagramofthesolarstreetlightsystem(IJESRT)

The rural area has developed the using the solarelectrification and willingness to pay the charge ofelectricity. Solar electrification has less bill charge andless use of fossil fuel, great brightness of light. Streetlight turn off and on automatically by the sensors. Inwinter seasonwhen sun does not arise it canmaintainautomatically.Now the availableof latest technologyofstreet light we found the new types of installation ofstreetlightlikewirelesstechnology,fuzzymethod.Streetlight has neither pollutants nor rotating parts and nomoving parts causes of this government approved theauthorizedofstreetenergytoresearchofsolarprojects.

Fig3‐Energyconsumptionincountries

InIndiahasbecomethemajorproblemsofthesupplyoffuelandit isalsogoingtobemisbalancedtosupplytheenergy. India is importing the 80% of fuel in couple ofyear so it is becoming the major roll of problem insecurityofenergy.Theusesoflargeamountofenergyinelectricityhasneededthenewgenerationofproductionof electrification. The demand of light in industry,instituteandresidenceisincreasingthevalueofthermalplants in using fuels and the demand. The rural areaswherethelackofelectricityisusingthemoreamountofkerosene.Thisisalldecreasingthevalueofsubsidiesofgovernmentandincreasingdependencetheimportantoffuel.

Fig.4‐%inenergyconsumption

The renewable of energy has supporting in area ofenergy in residential, industrial, commercial and ruralarea. The renewable energy has less effect ofenvironment. Government has approved the power oftheenergyresourcesinthebasicplansandchangetothe




ministry of using of the renewable energy in largeamount.Therenewableenergyisusingthegrid/off‐griddistributionof light in resources in the ruralareas.Thevision of the government to use of next generation ofelectricityhaspreparedtheaffectsoftheatmosphereinlocalarea,nationalandworldwideenergyconsumption.Tocalculationofdevelopment,decreasing, the totaluseandthegoingtobeuseofenergyaremeasuringbythescientific, numerically and the technical equationssolutionnowavailable.

Table3:Efficiencyofsolarpanel

The important principal of street light has become therequirementofsafety,security,environmentalissueandthecosteffectivenessof the road lights.Tegovernmenttakesplaceinruralareaandurbanareatousethestreetlightbythehelpofsolarrenewableresources.Thisistheawareness of the accident which is harmful for thehumanbeingandpedestrianismoftheroadsideinruralareasfordrivers.Ithascreatedthemainrollofstopthecriminalactivitiesonroad.Whenwedesigntheanytypeof light we must consider the round of the area likeresidential, commercial, street light and the industrial.Differentareawantsthedifferenttypeofdesigninstreetlightasitairportorroadwaystreetlight.Thechangingof vision of light has become the growth of the ruralstreet light or urban street light. There are manysegment types of situation of read as it is single roadthen the one side road electrification and the doubleroadinthedoublesideroadelectrification.Thestrategyoftheroadisdependoftheroadasitissingleordouble.Thedistributionoflightiscalculatedofthedistanceandheight in short size, medium size and high side of thestrategyofroad.

Fig.5‐Intensityvs.distance(1/cm2)

RajasthanhasthebigareaofIndia’smapandthedesertshave the large ball of this state. Rajasthan has partedwith 33 districts, 244 Tehsils, 249 panchayat and 184urban cities. The area of lighting in Rajasthan hasforward in urban states and the rural states. Rajasthanareusingthenonconvectionalofsolarresourcesofsolarphotovoltaicproductsinstreetlight.NowtheRajasthanis using the solar products in street light, historicalbuildings, residential areas, commercial areas and theindustrial areas where the electric light is being morecostly.Thistypeofsolarstreetlighthaspossibletogoodachievement to result of energy cost, consumption andthemaintenance.Andthecoloroflightischoosingbytheselectionofarea.

2. OBJECTIVEANDMATERIAL

2.1Objective

Theobjectivesofsolarstreetlightareusingoptimizationof cost in the rural area of India with LED light. Thecalculation of LED and CFL light in street light areservicingwith efficient and less of cost use. Themajorobjectives of solar street light have promoted thereducing of fossil fuels and increase the using of newtechnology of renewable energy sources. Themobilization of financial report of rural areas hasimplemented in renewable energy sources andgeneratingofelectricitybytherenewableenergy.

The electricity is using in the rural areas increasecontinuous day by day so the developing of energyresources by appreciate the demand and need of themstreetlightsystem.Toincreasetheenergyefficiencyandavoidtheothergeneratingenergysources.The focusofrenewable energy has developing of the village streetlightingsystem.

Thefurtheruseofsolarstreetlightsystemhasremovedthemanyproblemsoftheruralarealikethatcrimerate,increasethecommunityofpeopleatworketc.Thesolarstreet light system has no pollution like other powergeneration plant and it is non‐convectional system tolessspaceandefficientelectricityoutput.

2.2Problemdefinition

The rural areas have no solar street light system, therural areas of people has difficulties of late nightworking. The rural area is far from the main cities sosupplyofelectricity isnotpossibletoeveryvillage.Theresources of electricity are also less than the demandwhichisincreasingcontinuouseveryyear.Thisresearchfocusonsustainabledevelopmentinruralareasthroughsolarstreetlightsthisresearchfocusesonthelatesteco‐friendly technology and its suitable use for ruraldevelopment.

Problemassumption

To keep the various parameter in street light toinstallationintheruralareainIndia.

To optimize the cost of the solar street light anddistancebetweenthetwopole.

TooptimumareaoftheinstallationofstreetlightinvillagesofIndia.




To calculation of the battery and panel in using ofstreet light by according of the use of light (CFL&LED).

Toshowtheeffectof theemissionofpollutionandheateffectontheenvironment.

Todoing the economyand goodpaybackperiod ofthesolarstreetlight.

Problemlimitation

9watt,18watt,15wattand30wattlightuseinthesolarstreetCFLandLEDlight.

Take the energy efficiency of solar panel in 14%efficiencyoftheavailableinIndia.

12 volt battery in the nominal voltage and tubularbatteryuseinthestreetlightinstallationsystem.

G. I.pole in thenominalheight in4mand5mwiththe2core2.5segmentwire.

Polycrystallinesolarpanelisusedinthe12voltand250Ctemperatures.

3. MATERIALANDMETHODS

3.1Solarcellworkingprinciple:

Solarpanelisthedevicewhichconvertsthesolarenergytotheelectricenergybythehelpofsemiconductor.Solarpanelhasmadeofthinsiliconplate.Thissiliconplateisworkinginthemono‐crystallineandthepolycrystalline.Solar panels are connected to the series and parallelwhen they fix in series and parallel it called module.SolarcellmoduleproducedtheDCelectricityaccordingtotheSTC(StandardTestCondition).Solarcellefficiencydepends upon themodule by given area for its output.Solar cell produced the limited electricity for the singlefunction. There are many types of power wants themultiplemodulesformultipleoutputs.

Fig6‐solarcell74watt

Solar cell module plates are made on crystalline cell(waferbased) and the thin filmcell (cadmium tellurideandsilicon).Solarcellmodulecantakeloadonthetopofthe plate and back of the plate and it has the safetyprotectionbasedonthemechanicalandmoistureforitsdamaging problem. Solar module’s structure has rigidbody and the thin film plate solar module are flexibleavailableinthemarketalso.Wecanfindtheeasilysolarmoduleaccordingtoitsdesiredvoltageorcurrent.Solar

panel module use the connection of theMC3 andMC4are available easilywith theweatherproof and the freefromthemoisture.

Fig7specificationofsolarcell

Solarpanelmodulesare the fixon the fixedrackabovethepoleandfixedacrossthesun.Nowthesolarmodulecanbe recycleand theproduced thepower throughouttheendoflife.

3.2Materials

Siliconisthemostadmiredmaterialforsolarpanelitissemiconductor material and with the evolution ofnanotechnology efficiency of solar panel get increase.Dopingisdoneinsiliconcelltoincreasetheefficiencyofsolarpanel.

Differentmaterialthroughwhichsolarcellismadeare:

Silicon AmorphousSilicon(A‐Si) galliumarsenide(GAAs) cadmiumtelluride(CdTe) CopperindiumDiselenide(CIS).

3.3Typesofsolarpanel

Therearethreetypesofsolarpanelwhicharefollowing:

1. Polycrystallinesolarpanel2. Mono‐crystallinesolarpanel3. Hybridsolarpanel

Fig.8‐solarpanel20watt




Fig.9‐Technicalspecificationof20wattsolarpanel

3.3.1Polycrystallinesolarpanel

PolycrystallinesolarpanelisalsocalledthePoly‐silicon.The material of polycrystalline is use of small siliconcrystals which are different from the single crystallinesilicon.Polycrystallinematerialhas contained the smallcrystals of silicon. Polycrystalline ismade of 99%puresilicon.

3.3.2Mono‐crystallinesolarpanel

Mono‐crystalline solar panel is the single crystal panelwhich is based on the industry composition. Mono‐crystallinesolarpanelismadeofthesinglecrystallineonthe entire of solid plate continuously. Mono‐crystallinesolar panel is more efficient to the polycrystalline butbehavioroftheworkpolycrystallineismuchbetterthanthemono‐crystalline.

3.3.3Hybridsolarpanel

Hybrid solar panel is the made of both combinationsorganic and inorganic. These organic and inorganicstructure is worked in hybrid for the donor andacceptable.Theorganicstructuredonatesthepoweranditismadeofconjugatepolymermaterials.Theinorganicstructuresareacceptingthepowerinformofelectricity.Hybrid solar panel is the latest technology in theindustries for providing the better efficiency to othersolar products. Hybrid solar system is not only thepurposeofsolarcollectingbutalsoitscalesthepowerofpanelcollecting.

Table4:Solarpanelrupeesperwatt

Source:Marketcostperwatt

EfficiencyTable

Table5:Showingsolarcellefficiencyfordifferentmaterial

Sources:MNREreport,2011_17.

3.4CFLLIGHT

CFL (compact fluorescent light) is made for theinterchangeoftheincandescentlight.Itismorecapableandefficient to the incandescent light.According to thepower saving, compact fluorescent lamp takes the onethird or one fifth part of power save compared to theincandescent light. Compact fluorescent lamp takes theeighttimesextraincomparedtotheincandescent lampalso. Incandescent lamp is less leverage cost then thecompact fluorescent light but the compact fluorescentlighthas theextra lifetimeand lesselectricbill thenheincandescentlight.

Typesofcompactfluorescentlight

Compactfluorescentlightaretwotypes:

1. Integratedcompactfluorescentlamp2. Non‐integratedcompactfluorescentlamp

3.5Integratedcompactfluorescentlamp

Integrated compact fluorescent lamp is the mixing oflighttubeandbedinthesingleunit.Compactfluorescentlamphasavailable in themarketandreduced thepriceof electric bill more than the incandescent lamp.Integrated compact fluorescent lamps are available inthemarketinformof3‐waylighttube.

3.6Non‐integratedfluorescentlamp

Non‐integrated compact fluorescent lamp has thepermanently installed theballast in the formof lumensand lightbulb tubedepended toendof lifeof thebulb.Non‐integrated lamp is the greater than the integratedlight. It has larger size of tube to the show the betterluminaries.




Table6:CFLrequiredcostofbatterywithvoltandAH

It has fix of ballast in internal of the fixture. Non‐integrated lamp does not replace the light bulb. Non‐integrated lamps have not good efficiency in comparedtotheintegratedlampanditiscostly.

CFL lightareusing inthestreet lightprojects.CFL lighthas replaced the incandescent lamp in street light areacausing the saving of the energy and the control theresistingofpowerofthebattery.

CFLkeeptheadjustmentofthepowerofstreet lightonthe basis of battery backup. Many countries have usedthe CFL in street light at the urban and rural area.Fluorescenttubeisalsousedinstreetlight.CFLlighthasremoved the high pressure mercury lamp and use theslow light wattage bulb and accomplish to 20‐25%electricsaving.

Table7:CFLinaveragelumeninwattperday

3.7CalculationofCFLforlife

TotallifeofCFL=6000hours

CFLwillglow10hourinaday

Sonoofdaysare6000/10=600days

Toconvertintoyear600/365=1.6year

Table8:CFLlifeinhourandyears

3.8Lightemittingdiode(LEDLight)

Lightemitteddiode is the lightsource in the integratedlight. Light emitted diode has the fixture and ballast inthe same circuit. Light emitting diode has emitted thelightbecauseof theactivationof resembling in thePN‐

junction and two lead semiconductors. Led light hasmadeof1mm2areabulbsinaseries.

Ledlighthasdiscoveredinnormally5mmandT1/4,butitismorepowerfulinbrightnessoflight.Blueandwhitelighthasmadeonthevitaldifferentcrystalsegmentsofnucleon but the causes of the high brightness and highefficiencyithasreplacedtheCFL,Incandescentlampandfluorescentlamp.

Table9:LEDlightaveragelumeninwattperday

3.8.1Typeofledlight

Therearefourtypesofledlight.

1. Miniatureledlight2. Mid‐rangeledlight3. Highpowerledlight4. Acdrivenledlight

1. Miniatureledlight

Miniature led light mount of the single die led whichused in the indicator. The manufacturing of theminiatureledlightis2mmto8mmandinthedistinctivecurrent.

2. Mid‐rangeledlight

Mid‐range led light is use in the behavior of holes andproducedofbarelyo/poflumensoflight.Mid‐rangeledlightwants the fourdiodes twoanodeandtwocathodediodebecomeasuitableheatacquit.

3. Highpowerledlight

High power led light is need of the more than 100mAandcurrent.

4. Acdrivenledlight

Ac driven led lightworks on the ac current it does notneed the dc current. Air conditioner light needs the acdrivenlight.Acdrivenlightcontrolintheaccircuitandtheverysimplecircuitfordriventheacdrivenledlight.

3.8.2Applicationofledlight

Theapplicationsofledlightarefollowing:

1. Ac driven led light arewidely use in traffic signalsandtheautomobileindicators.

2. Streetlightforruralandurbanarea.3. To communication the data and other signal

resources.4. Inbasiclightandotherlightingresources.5. Forsavingtheenergyutilization.6. Toshowthedatainmachineries.




7. Inelectroniccontactlens.

3.8.3Calculationofledforlife

Totallifeofled=20,000hous(syskaledlife=60,000)

LEDwillglow10hourinaday

Sonoofdaysare20,000/10=2000days

Toconvertintoyear2,000/365=5.5year

Table10:Ledlifeinhourandyear

3.9Controlsystem

Automated control system is using the street light toswitching ON and OFF instead of work manually. Theorganizationofenergyhasworkedonthestreetlighttogenerate the automatic control system. They have notworkedotherareainstreet lightbutchoosethesystemto make effective and efficiencies. So, they havedeveloped the automatic control system in street light.To changes of economic problems dynamic, using thenational and international of modernization haspreparedthesupplycostofenergy,effectivenessbecomethe major roll of the street light. Then need to be thequite acceptable function in street light. As like toconsideration of traffic problems and reducing theenergyconsumptionischangingthevalueofstreetlight.The reduction of operational cost in automated systemhasmadethemainfunctionofsolarstreet light. Itdoesnotaffecttheanyemissioninenvironment.

Fig.10‐Readingofpanelinecosencesolarmeter

Automated control system in sensors which worksmeasured responsible to the changes in physicalconditionlikethetemperatureandthermalconductivity.Microcontroller is the device which analyzed the datainputs by the IR and light dependent resistance. Themicrocontrollerstreetlightautomatedsystemisnotonlythe up and down system but it is made a valuableproduct in market. Automated street light has becometheefficientvaluableenergysavingintheeveryareaonstreetsliketrafficlights,streetlight,communication,andthesolarresources.Theoutcomeoftheautomatedstreetlight has major result of the market and expected togrow up the outcome result will increase dramaticallywiththenewgenerationofstreetlight.

3.10Battery

Battery isanelectric celloradevicewhichconvert thechemicalenergyintotheelectricalenergy.Batteryisthedevicewhichconnected to the twoormore cells in theseriesandtheparallel.Batteryisalsothepowerofsinglecell. Each cells are consist the liquid, gas and solidelectrolyte to connect the positive electrode and thenegativeelectrode.Battery isworkingas theelectrodesinformofpowerthentheelectronsareworkthroughoutthecellsandtheelectriccurrentflowinthesystem.Thepositive electrode is work on the cathode rod and thenegativeelectrodeworkontheanoderod.

3.10.1Typesofbattery

Therearetwotypesofbattery:

1. Primarybattery2. Secondarybattery

3.10.1.1Primarybattery

Primary battery or single cell battery are used as theirreversible cells once electrode materials during thedischarged.Thealkalinebatteriesareuseintheportabledevice. Primary battery does not charge after thedischargeofanysystem.

3.10.1.2Secondarybattery

Secondary battery is performing as the reversiblebattery. Secondary battery can be discharge and thecharge as it current at the multiple times. Thecompositionof theanodeandcathode canbe restoringthe current. The secondary batteries are like the lead‐acid battery which is using the many areas like thevehicles,wristwatches, computersandthesolarpowerprojects. The worldwide battery companies hasgenerated the more efficiently battery in the market.Batterieshavemorespecifiedfuelusedlikethegasoline.Battery has the voltaic cells who converts the directlythechemicalenergytotheelectricalenergy.

3.10.1.3Calculation

WearediscussingaboutthecalculationofstreetlightinluminariesofLEDandCFLbulbs.Thecalculationofsolarpanel has defended to thewatt per uses in street lightand how is it effective. Solar Street light is the friendlytechnologytoproducetheefficientenergyinruralareasinRajasthan.Inthisresearch,wearefindingtheusingof




street lightby thecalculationandcosteffectonelectricbills. If we calculate the theoretically values of thebattery, volts, solar panel and flow of current thenwetakethefollowingcalculation:

Calculationfor15wattluminary

Luminary=15watt

Batteryusedforthissolarstreetlightsystem=12V

Watthour=15×20

=300Wh

(15wattluminaryand2dayautonomy=20hours)

Total load inmilliamp‐hour (mAh) = (watt hour ×1000)/volts(V).2

=(300×1000)/12

=(300,000)/12

=25,000mAh

=25,000/1000

(1Ampere=1000Milliamps)

=50Ah(Ampere‐hour)

Efficiencyofsealedtubularbatteryis80%so80%of50=40Ah

Afterconsiderationoflossesbatteryrequiredis62Ah

Batteryrequiredfor15wattluminaryis12Vand62Ah.

Chargingcurrentrequiredfor12Vand62Ah=10%ofitsAh.

=10/100×62

=6.2Ampere(A)

Solar charge controller must be of 12 v and 6.2ampere

Theoretical watt required to charge the battery ()

Solarpanelrequiredfor12Vand62Ahbattery=Volts×chargingcurrent

=12×6.2

=74watt

Practicalwattrequiredtochargethebattery( )

Totallosses=15%0f74=11watt

Practicalwatt=theoretical+loss

=74+11

=85watt

Solarpanelof85wattwith charging currentof6.2Ampereisrequired.

Table11‐Luminarybatterycost

Table12‐Battery,chargingcurrentandsolarpanelrequiredforluminary

Fig11‐Battery,chargingcurrentandsolarpanelrequiredforluminary

Table13:CFLlightinexpensive(Rs.)




Fig.12‐CFLlightinexpensive(Rs.)

Table14:LUXwithpoleheight

Calculationof spacingofstreet light for9wattLEDlight

Calculationofspaceof twostreet lightpoleshavingthefixedwattageis9watt.Theluminariesofstreetlight819lm.Forthesufficientroadwhichhaswidthof12footinruralareas.

Lux(E)=10lux

CoefficientofUtilizationFactor(Cu)=5.3

Lightlumendepreciationfactor(LLD)=.8

Luminariesdirtdepreciationfactor(LDD)=.9

For distance between two street light =LM*CU*LLD*LDD/E*W

=1000*5.3*.8*.9/10*12

=3816/120

=32ft.[1meter=3.2ft]

Thedistancebetweentwostreetslightis10meter

Table15:Distanceb/wpole

Fig.13‐Distanceb/wpoleinsolarstreetlightpole

Calculationforcostofsolarpanelbyconsideringthelosses

Asnosystemis100%efficientandeachcomponentofthe system have certain due to which efficiency ofsystemgetdecrease,economyofthesystemgetincrease.solarstreetlightsystemalsohavelossesassociatewitheach component .we generally study losses in battery,panel and in wire .Our calculation is done by takingnecessary losses for practical economical of our solarstreetlight.

The efficiency of solar cell is 35% in India, the poweroutputofsolarpanelasperwattfollows:

20wattsolarpanelcost12vpolygeneratedelectricity=55w/p(Rs.)

=1500(Rs.)


=2750(Rs.)


=4070(Rs.)

100wattsolarpanelcost12vpolygeneratedelectricity=75w/p

=5500(Rs.)

Table16:Costofpanel




Table17:LEDandCFLlumencomparison

Table18‐Comparisonofcost

Table19‐Specificationofminorcomponentwithcost

Table20Costcomparisonforstreetlight

4. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION

AllabovedataofsolarstreetlightinruralareasinIndiahasshowninoptimumvalueofthesolarstreet light. Inthis solar street light system led is used to conserveenergyandtobypasstheuseofconventionallamp(CFL)whichdecreasesthelifeandefficiencyofbattery.Inthissolar street system inverter is not used insteadof it dclamp are used the result is analyseswith the help ofdata as shown and also with the help figures .Theoptimization in street light system is depend upon thetypeoflightningrequired.Whichisanalysesthroughthe

data and graph .It is seen that led have numerousadvantage if used in street light system with cost andenergyusagereduction.ItisseenthatifwereplaceCFLwith LED the consumption of energy get reduce withproper optimization of height .The main aim of thisstudywastoreducethecostandenergyconsumptioninsolar street light system; from the graph we concludethatthereplacementofCFLwiththeLEDisefficientwithdecrease in consumption of electricity .Led showsadventurous foreveryparameterwediscus in termsoflumen , cost, height etc than CFL Consideration andanalysis between the two above solar street lightsystemshasbeenformulated.Byeconomyanalysesitisfound that solar street light system with LED havecapability to reduce considerable energy consumptionwhich is more desirable and economical to be used inruralareas.

5. CONCLUSION

The renewable energy sources have implementation ofthe solar street light. Solar Street light is achieves thegoodpositionoftheglobalmarket.Solarstreetlighthasbecomethe friendlyandeconomically for thestreetsofrural and urban areas in India.We have studied aboutthesolarpanel,LED light,CFL light,chargeablebattery,control charge and the calculation of needs of solarpanel.Nowthestreet lighthasbecomethemainpoweroftherenewableenergysources.Wehavestudiedinthisprojecthowstreet light isbeneficialandefficient tothegovernmentofIndiainRajasthan.Rajasthanisusingthehighpresenttechnologyinsolarstreetlightinruralandurbanarea.

SolarStreetlightinLEDlightisbestforinstallationandhighefficiently.LEDlightisincreasingandgoodforcosteffectiveness.LEDstreet lighthas lessmaintenanceandthesaveelectricityinactualduetothisithasbecomethemotivation part of the solar street light. We have alsodiscussed about the how street light reduced thecriminalcasesinruralareaandurbanareainnight.

In this paperwehave replaced the fluorescent lamp totheCFLand studyhowefficientCFLas compare to thefluorescent lamp. And also replace the CFL to the LEDlight and calculate the efficiency each other. ThecalculationofLEDlightisshowthelifemoretimeperiodascomparetoanotherlamps.

RECOMMENDATION

The major roll of the renewable energy in solar streetlighthasthebesttechnologyoftheruralstreetlightarea.We can study in the various parts of street light andsolve the problem in energy sector. Many parametersworksinthesolarstreet lightwhichcanchangethelifeof rural people. Solar Street lights are the besttechnologytosavethecostandeasy to installation.WecanrecommendtheSPVStreetlightintheruralareasinIndia. Solar Street light has the good efficiency andwecan modify the street light in future. The variousmodificationsofsolarstreetlightsarefollowing:

We can use electricity transmission pole to reducethe cost of pole. Electricity transmission pole are




available in all over rural areas can be used toreducetheoverallcostofthesystem.

Solar Street light has increased the battery toincrease the output of the light. Tubular battery isthe non‐leakage battery and less then to anotherbattery and the more power supply in theconnections.

Toincreasetheefficiencyofthesolarpanelandtheuseofpanelsshouldbenonreflective.Theefficiencyofthesolarstreetlightislessthanthe40%.

LEDareenergyconservinglightwhichmustbeusedin solar street light system consumption ofelectricityincaseofledisverylessthanthatofCFLandanyotherlightsource.LifeofLEDisalsogreaterthanCFL.

SolarStreetlightisthenonpollutanttechnologyanditiseco‐friendlywhichsavestheglobalwarming.

ToincreasingthelumensoftheLEDandCFLinthestreetlightgivetheresultofruralareasroad.

Solar Street light is growing the living life of the ruralarea inIndia.Theareaofruralwhereelectricitycannotbe available, the renewable energy serves the solarenergyforthattypeofareasanditissavethecostoftheenergy.TheLEDStreetlightbasedonthemorelifespanoftheinstallationandgivesthevastperformancesofthestreetlight.

The village of the Rajasthan has the installation of thestreetlightinthesqmeterarea.Thesurveyofthereportofruralareahastheinstallationofstreetlightinneededto the good efficiency and best payback period of thesolarprojects.

Fig.14:Solarstreetlightinruralarea

Economy3dayswehavetaken2daystocomparewithoursystemcalculation

Table21:Reportofstreetlightport

Theabove table shows the20wattCFLneed the40ahbattery and 50 watt panel which can be replacedaccordingtothelumensinLEDlight.

Table22:SolarStreetlightinstallation

REFERENCES

1. C. Bhuvaneswari, R. Rajeshwari, C.Kalalarasan“Analysis Of Solar Energy Based Street Light WithAutoTrakingSystem”IJAREEIE,July2013.

2. Oke A. O., Adigun A. A., Fenwa O. D “Design andConstructionofSolarPower‐BasedLightingSystem’’IJESRT,September,2013.

3. MartinA. Green, Keith Emery, YoshihiroHishikawaandWilhelmWarta“SolarCell EfficiencyTables”WileyOnlineLibrary,2012.

4. S.NSingh,OptimizationofSolar(PV)Home lightingin Literacy House with integration of LEDs andSocialImpactinIndianRuralSociety.April2012.

5. Kapse Sagar Sudhakar, Abhale Amol Anil, KudakechetanAshok,ShirsathShravanBhaskar“AutomaticStreetLightControlSystem”IJATAE,MAY2013.

6. Emily Dowding‐Smith “Lighting up the streets”IRENA,2012.

7. Basic lighting lowsandsomenotesonpolespacinggeometry.

8. Strategic Plan For New And Renewable EnergySector For The Period 2011‐17, “Ministry Of NewAnd Renewable Energy Government Of India”FEBRUARY2011.‐

9. Tarujyoti Buragohain “Impact of Solar Energy inRuralDevelopmentinIndia”IJESD,2012.

10. Mohamed Ahmed Taha Shalaby “Simulation Of ARegion Operating At 100% Renewable Energy” EE,2013.




A STUDY OF SOLAR STREET LIGHT AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SPACING IN POLES AND COST

Documents

Transcript of A STUDY OF SOLAR STREET LIGHT AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SPACING IN POLES AND COST