A RrNc DEcoRnreo wtrH THE Busr or Snnnprs

rru rlr CoLrrcroN oF THE

Hur'rcRRrnru Nnrrorunr Musruv

The Roman Collection of the Hungarian National Museumholds a gilded bronze ring which is decorated with the plastic bustof Sarapis. lt is put on an unadorned ring that has a hemicircularcross-section (Pl. 2711-2). The ring was taken into the inventoryin the 1950s together with other objects from an unknown prove-nance. (lts inventory number is 54.33.111. lts size: the diameterof the ring: 20 mm, the height of the bust: 18 mm.) The circum-stances under which it was found are not known, however it isprobable that it comes from the Carpathian Basin (Pannonia orDacia ).

The incomplete hoop of the ring is widened out into anoval shape under the bust which is moulded together with thering in order to provide a better support and bearing on a largersurface. The portrayal of the Sarapis bust, which is placed in atangential position to the hoop of the ring and is closed in an archat the bottom, is ídentical to the usuaI Hellenistic iconography ofSarapis busts.

The deity is wearing a chiton running down from his shoul-ders with vertical pleats and arranged in a wedge shape underhis neck. His neck is covered with his fairly short beard parted inthe middle, arranged in tiny curls. His slightly longish head, whichcan be put into an isosceles trapezium frame, is set off by hisalmost shoulder-long wavy hair falling into two parallel plasticcurls at the front, while at the back it is flat, arranged in verticalcurls íollowing the shape of the head. There are five locks fa||inginto his forehead. The main features of the exquisitely modelledface are the emphasized round eye-sockets and the stronglyhighlighted symmetrical round shaping of the area of the lips

Aeqyptus et Pannonia 1

147

ZSOLT ITlRAV

defined by the moustache and his beard. His remarkably smallnose is incomplete.The kalathos. slanting backwards on the topof the head as a symbol of fertility is decorated with a plasticwreath pattern running around it horizontally. The Sarapis bust islevel with the ring, being parallel with it so that the wearer cansee it from a convenient view holding his hand in front of him.

The busts of Alexandrian gods were popular decorativemotifs - we can see them on furniture or lamps. A plastic Sarapisbust is fastened to the strap handle of a terracotta lamp fromMainz which is similarly to the Sarapis ring at the NationalMuseum (P1.2711).1 The bust was erroneously identified withSabasios. Other examples of busts can be found on bracelets andon a special type of spiral rings on which the busts of Sarapis andlsis are íixed on either end. Such go|den rings are in the BritishMuseum (Fig. 1b)2 and the Antiquarium in Berlin.3

There are more than 25 known examples of rings decora!

1 vrnzeL 1969, 28 Nr. 9o Fig.26, 72 vnRsHnLL 1907,41 Nr. 24i Fig. 9, pr. 6.3 oRrtrErHnoEN i961,87 Nr. 13,97 Fig. 12.GRlvN/ 1969, 182: LECLANT1971,253 Note.43; HORNBOSTEL 1973, 279 Note. 2. Pieces that have been dis-

covered: MARSHALL 1907 41 Nr. 239 Pl. Vl=lside 286, lV 331 ; MARSHALL 1907,

41 Nr.240Pl Vl; MARSHALL 1907,178 Nr 1122 Pl. XXVII; N/ARSHALL 1907,2A4Nr. 1298 Pl. XXXI=lside 285 lV 330t MARSHALL 19a7,2o4 Nr. 130'1 Pl. XXt MAR-SHALL 1907, 204 Nr. 1302 Pl. XXXI; MARSHALL 19A7,204 Nr. 1298 Pl. XXXI=

lside 285 lV 330t IVENZEL 1964 Nr. 142=HORNBOSTEL 1973, Pl. CLXXV 282.

Egypt: KARO 1901,212 Fig. 11=EDGAR 1904, 1 Nr. 27.631; EDGAR 1904,

65 Nr. 27.891 Pl. XVll; Alexandria: SCHREIBER 1894,308 Nr.40 Fig. 40;

Dalmatia (Turbe): KATER-SIBBES 'l973, Nr. 907=CLERC - LECLANT 1994,

678 Nr. 88 c; Den Haag: HORNBOSTEL 1973,279 Note. 2, Taf. CLXXV Fig.

283; Dieburg: HENKEL 1913,97 Nr. 1038 Pl.41=GRIMM 1969,203 Nr. 113

faf .35,2-4, Monastir (Sardinia): GAUCKLER - MERLIN 1910,132 Nr. 125 Pl.

LVlll, S; Paphos: KARAGEORGHIS'1959,346 Fig. 13=JHS 1958,29 Fig.9.Royan (Charente-l\,4aÍitime): LABRoUSSE 1952' 93-95 Fig 9=LECLANT1961,405 Nr. 1Ba-KATER-SIBBES 1973, 153 Nr.812; Zugmantel: GRIMM1969. 181-182 Note 23-24=CLERC-LECLANT 1994, 678 Nr. BBa.

148

A RING DECORATED WITH THE BUST OF SARAPIS

ed with the plastic busts of Alexandrian gods, to which the Sarapisring of the Hungarian National Museum belongs, but the majorityof them are unfortunately unpublished.4 All of the rings found andpublished depict Sarapis, in three cases (a ring from Egypt (Fig.214)5, one from Royan (Fig. 2/3)6,and one held in the BritishMuseum (Fig' 3/6)7) in the form oí Sarapis-Ammon respectively.On the top of the head of Sarapis, with the exception of three ringsdecorated with Sarapis busts wearing the crown atef,8 we can findthe kaiaÍhos. Together with Sarapis, his paredros, lsis is a|soplaced on another ring held in the British Museum (Pl. 28)9, andthere is only one ring known with a single lsis figure. This rlng inthe British Museum from the Hamilton Collection is a variant of thetype since lsis, who is holding a sisÍrUrn and a jug in her hands, isin full figu re.l o

The general characteristics of the Sarapis rings (relevantto the majority of them) are the following:

1. The narrow hoops have a hemicircular cross-section. Thehoop widens out into an oval shape and flattens out under thep|astic busts. The ring from Monastir held in the Musée Alaoui is,however, rather thick. lt has an oval cross-section and does notwiden out under the tiny Sarapis bust (Fig. 4/2)11

2. ln most cases the busts are not soldered to the hoop, but

4 For more Sarapis rings see: Further pieces without published pictures: Victoria andAlbert l\,4useum, London Waterton Collection Inv. Nr.: 534-1871; Brooklyn l\,4useum

lnv. Nr.: 67,2; Collezione L. Sanlini, Vendita Roma 24. lnv. Nr.: 26.4.1899 Nr. 191.

University College, London, Petrie Collection: CASTIGLIONE 1978,230 Nr.535 xnteR-stggrs 1973. 47 Nr. 290 Pr. v6 LnaRoussE 1952,93-95 Fig 9=LECLANT i96i,40s Nr. 1Ba7 MnRSHnLL 1907.204 Nr. 1301 pr. xx.8 HoRNeostEL 1978, 510 Note 30= cASTrcLroNE 1978, 230 Nr. 53;

IVARSHALL 1907, 1299=CASTIGLION E 1978,230 Nr.54 (Pl. lV.5); MAR-SHALL 1301=CASTIGLIONE 1978, 230 Nr. 55 (Pl. lV. 6).9 nnRsrnrL 1go7 . 2a4 Nr. 1298 pr. xxxr-rside 2Bs lv 330.10 tr,,tnRsrnLL 1907, 41 Nr. 240 prvr.11 cnucxLeR [.4ERLtN 1910, 132 Nr. 125 pt. LVll, B.

Aegyptus et Pannonia 1

1,19

ZsoLT Í\1RAV

Fig- 1a' Lamp decorated With SaÍapis bust from Malnz 1b' Spiral ring With

the busts oí lSis and Sarapis in the British Museum

150

A RING DECORATED WITH THE BUST OF SARAPIS

Fig. 2. Rings decorated with plastic Sarapis busts l. in Hannover, Kestner

N,4úseum: l\4ENZEL 1964 Nr' 142; 2. in the British lvluseum: N/ARSHALL

1907,178 Nr. 1122; 3. from Royan: LABROUSSE 1952,93-95; 4 from

Egypt: KATER-SIBBES 1973,47 Nr.290; 5 in the British l\'4useum: MAR-SHALL 1907, 204 Nr. 1302; 6. in den Haag, Koninklilk Kabinet van Munten:

HORNBOSTEL 1973,279, Anm. 2.

Aeqyptus et Pannonia 1

151

ZsoL T MRÁV

6

Fig. 3. Rings decorated with plastic Sarapis busts. 1. in Walters Art Gallery:HlLL'1946,67:2.fram Egypt: EDGAR 1904,65; 3. Karo 1901' 212''4'ÍromAlexandria: SCHREIBER 1894,308 Nr.40t 5. in the British Museum: MAR-SHALL 1907.204 Nr. 1299, 6. MARSHALL 1947.204 Nr. 1301.

1q,

A R]NG DECORATED W TH THE BUST OF SARAP S

l

Fig.4. Rings decorated With plastic Sarapis busts: 1' Írom Paphos: KARGEoR-GHIS 1959,346; 2. from Monastir: cAUCKLER - tVERLtN 1910. 132 Nr. 125: 3.From Zugmantel: GRlMlV 1969, 181-182 NÍ. 82; 4. in the British Museum:N/ARSHALL 1907.41 Nr. 239.

Aegyptus et Pannania 1

153

ZSOLT MRAV

are moulded together with the ring. We can find separately fas-tened busts on rings from Zugmantel (Fig.413)12, den Haag (Fig.2/6)13 and Égypt (Fig.214)1a

3. The Sarapis busts are level with the hoop of the ring. Theonly exception is the golden Sarapis ring in the British Museum,on whlch the bust is perpendicular to the ribbon-l1ke ring (Fig.414)15

4. Unlike a number of bronze or marble busts, under the Sarapisbusts there are no globes or eagles. The only exception is abronze ring which is in the British Museum from the CastellaniCollection, where the bust is cast upon the back of an eagle withits wings spread out, standing on a small base (Zeus-Sarapis)(Fig. 2/5)16. On the ring from Paphos, the round-headed Sarapisbust is supported by a snake coiled up in the shape of a horizon-tal figure eight (Fig. 4/1)17.

5' The rings are usually 19-24 mm in diameter, the height oí thebusts is between 15-20 mm. A silver Sarapis ring from the BritishMuseum has the largest diameter oí 29 mm (Fig' 2/2), whiIe the largestSarapis bust is 27mm high and it came to light in Egypt (Ftg.312).

Most of the rings are made of bronzelB or gilded bronzeand a few of them are made of silverl9 or gold2o.The ring fromden Haag is made of gold, while the bust on it is made of silver

12 GRrvnt 1969, 181-182 Fig.23 24.13 HonNeosteL 1973, 279 Note 2, Taf cLXXV Abb 283.14 xntrR-stgBES 1973.47 Nr.290 pt. v.15 vnRSHALL 1907 41 Nr. 239 Pt. vl=lside 286, lv. 331.16 vnRSHnLL rca7,204 Nr. 1302 Pt. xxxl.17 XnRnCEORCHtS 19S9,346 Fiq. 13=JHS 1958,29 Fig. 9.

1B EocnR i904, 6s Nr. 27.891 pl. XVlr; HENKEL 19'13, 97 Nr. 1038 Taf.

41=GRlMl\4 1969. 203 Nr. '113 Pl. 35, 2 4.19 VnRSHALL 1gO7,178 Nr. 1122 pt. XXV ; KATER-StBBES 1973, Nr.

907=CLERC - LECLANT 1994. 678 Nr. 88 c.20 From Egypt: KATER-SIBBES 1973,47 Nr 290 P]. V' froÍn Paphos: KARA-GEORGHIS 1959,346 Fig '13=JHS 1958,29 Fig.9, unknown provenance:

MARSHALL 1907 41 Nr. 239 Pl. Vl=lside 286, lV. 331

154

A RING DECORATED WITH THE BUST OF SARAP S

(Fig. 216)21 . L. Castiglione mentions an tron ring decorated withthe plastic busts of lsis and Sarapis from the Petrie Collection(University College, London)22.

The place where the rings were discovered is in mostcases unknown, but in a few cases the place of origin can beidentified exactly or approximately. We know of five Sarapis ringsfrom Egypt (one of them is undoubtedly from Alexandria)23, onefrom Africa24' one írom Greece25, one from Cyprus (Paphos)26,one from Dalmatia2T, possibly two from the Danube Region28,three from Germania29 and one from Gaul3O. The habit of wear-ing a ring decorated with a Sarapis bust - just like wearing ringswith gems and cameos with representations of the Alexandriangods - was quite popular on the whole territory of the RomanEmpire including the northern provinces (Gaul, Germania' theDanube Region )as well.31

The type of rings decorated with the plastic busts of gods is

21 HoRtlgoste L rc73.279 Note 2. Pl. CLXXV Abb 283.22 cnsttcLtoNe 1978. 230 Nr. 53.23 xnno rco1.212 Fig. 11-EDGAR 1904, 1 Nr.27.631:EDGAR 1904,65Nr. 27.891 Pl. XVll; SCHREIBER 1894, 308 Nr' 40 Fig 40; KATER-SIBBES'1973,47 Nr.290 Pl. V; KATER-SIBBES 1973' 25 Nr. 13524 Monastir: cAUCKLER - t\,1ERL1N 19i0, 132 Nr. 125 Pt. LVlll, B.

25 srcnLL 1938. Nr. 146t7 Pl.39.26 Paphos: KARAGEORGHIS 1959. 346 Fig. 13=JHS 1958, 29 Fig 9.

27 From Turbe in the Saraievo Museum: KATER-SIBBES 1973, Nr'

907=CLERC - LECLANT 'l994, 678 Nr. BB c.28 oREXLER 1890,96; MNM lnv. Nr.: 54.33.'111.29 Den Haag: HORNBOSTEL 1973,279 Anm. 2, Taf. CLXXV Abb 283;

Dieburg: HENKEL 1913, 97 Nr. '1038 Taf.41=GRlN,4N/ 1969, 203 Nr' 113 Taf

35' 2-4' zugmaúel: GR|MM 1969, 181 1B2 Ftg' 23-24--CLE RC-LECLANT1994,678 Nr.88a.30 Royun (Charente-N4aritime ): LABROUSSE 1952. 93-95 Fig 9=LECLANT

1961 , 405 Nr. 18a.31 The rings decorated With the Alexandrian gods Írom the Northern

provinCes of Rome (a Selection): From: Germanía: GRllVlV 1969' 119 Nr' 2

Aeqyptus et Pannonia 1

155

ZSOLT I\lRAV

not of Roman origin. The earliest Sarapis ring, held in the WaltersArt Ga||ery in Ba|timore be|ongs to the He|lenístic type due to itsshape, which is narrow at the bottom, gradually widening outtowards the bezel of the ring. lts peculiarity is that the relief-likeSarapis bust of the large and heavy rrng is put on the large, ovalbezel (Fig. 3/1)32. Thus, the origrns of the rings decorated withplastic busts are probably Hellenistic on the evidence of the areaswhere the rings were used and the represented deity (Sarapis).The origins are found in Egypt during the Ptolemaic era, and moreclose|y in Alexandria' Most Sarapis rings are known írom Egypt,from the Imperial period.33 Probably some rings from unknownprovenance are from Egypt, but as far as the place of discovery isconcerned, only one of them can be related to a single settlement,namely Alexandria.34 Probably here, in the centre of the Sarapisfaith the production oí this particuIar type of rings started. Sincethey were popular, the form must have been prevailing from hereinto the European provinces of the Roman Empire.

The rings must have been produced in difíerent workshopsas they were made of different materials, using different proce-dures and the busts were modelled in a distinctive way. There isonly one of these Workshops _ probably the most significant _ íromwhich we know that more than one, that is, five pieces belong to asingIe series. Four oí these simiIarly shaped and modelled ringshave the same distinctive features as the Sarapis ring owned by

(Harpokrates), GRllVlV 1969, 148 Nr.31 (lsis'Fortuna, Sarapis, Hygieia);GRll\41\,1 '1969 120-121 Nr. 3 Pl. 35. 7 (Sarapis); from Pannonia: GESZTELYI2A0O, 52 Nr. 87 (Sarapis); an unpublished ring with lsis and Serapis: l\,4N l\,4

81 1882.1 , the portrait of Sarapis on the caireo of a golden ring from thegraveyard in Intercisa: GESZTELYI 1998,141 Nr.38.32 H|LL 't g+0, 67 Nr. 5 Fig. 6.33 xnRo rc01,212 Fig 11=EDGAR r904, 1 Nr. 27.631; EDGAR i904, 65Nr.27.891 Pl. XVll; SCHREIBER 1894,308 Nr.40 Fig.40; KATER-SIBBES1973, 47 Nr. 290 Pl. V; KATER-SIBBES 1973, 25 Nr. 135.34 SCHREIBER1894, 308 Nr. 40 Fig. 40.34 scHRetaeR 1894,308 Nr.40. Fiq.4o.

156

A RiNG DECORATED WITH THE BUST OF SARAPIS

the Hungarian National Museum (P|.2711-2). The bronze ring,which was found in Dieburg and was lost during the Second WorldWar, was probably made in the same workshop. The regular roundshape of the eye-sockets and the lips were clearly noticeable onthe worn surface of this ring (P1.2713-4)35 Another ring, held bythe Cairo Museum (Fig. 3/3)36 and the Sarapis-Ammon ring fromRoyan (Fig. 213)37 , probably belong to the same series due to theirsimilar characte risiics. This workshop probably moulded rings notonly with Sarapis or Sarapis-Ammon busts, but also with that oflsis. Such is the gi|ded bronze ring oÍ unknown origin now in theBritish Museum, decorated with the busts of Sarapis and lsis (Pl.28)38 on which the modelling of Sarapis is identical to that of theplastic bust on the ring from the Hungarian National Museum.

Based on the evidence oí the ring found in Egypt, We canassume that the most productive and most important workshop wasin Egypt, more precisely in Alexandria, a centre of bronze and silver-smiths39 and also the regional centre oí the Sarapis faith. The prod-ucts of this workshop turned up in the northern Roman provinces aswell. Consequently it must have continued production during thelmperial period. Since all the plastic busts depict Sarapis (in twocases together with lsis), the rings in question can be dated to theperiod when lsis was losing her impoftance and Sarapis, whoenjoyed the support oí the imperial house, became the central figureof Egyptian cults. This shift of emphasis happened all over theempire in the Severian_period. A|so. GÜnter Grimm dated theDieburg ring of the Alexandrian workshop to this very period.40

35 lEltxeL i 913, 97 Nr. i03B pt.4't-GRtMN,.i 1969,203 Nr. 113 pt. 3s, 2-4.36 xnRo 1901,212 Fig 11=EDGAR 1904, 1 Nr.27.631;EDGAR'1904,6sNr. 27 891 Pl. XVll.37 LasRoussE 1952, 93,95 Fig 9-LECLANT 1961,405 Nr. lBa-KATER-S IBBES 1973, 153 Nr.812.38 veRsHnLL Éa7 ' 2o4 Nr' 129B Pl' XXXl=lSide 285 lV 33o'39 scHREts=R 1 BB4, 27 1 -480: DREXEL 1 909, 1 76-23s.40 GRtvtt't 1969, 203. His dating was accepted by CLERC-LECLANT 1994, 678

Nr. BB b.

Aegyptus et PannonÍa 1157

ZSoLT l\,!RÁV

The ring stands for the symbol of relationships, the feelingoí togetherness' belonging to Someone either in a Social class, forexample, engagement or wedding rings4l or rings which demon-strate its bearer's close, friendly relatronship to the imperial fami-|V42 or. n'a socia| standing43, or rings as insignia oí military ranks44,or in religious, magical relations4s.

The establishment and maintenance oí a c|ose and perma-nent relationship between man and the deities is most efÍectivelyexpressed through a ring as the closest and most personal objectthat We Wear- The existence oí these c|ose relationships were jus-

tified with the inscriptions dedicated to gods46 and also the por-

traits and attributes of gods as decorations found on severalrings4T.Thus the rings decorated with the Sarapis bust can bestrongly connected to the cult of Sarapis, and the owners mighthave been among the believers of Sarapis. From this point of viewit is not immaterial that the text in which Aulus Gellius refers to theLiber Aegyptiacus by Apion gives us an explanation of why the

Greeks and the Romans wore their rings on thefourth finger oí the left hand' That is, in Egypt while dissectinghuman corpses a tiny nerve had been found which connected thisfinger with the heart, aS the Seat oí the soul (Gellius, NoctesAtticae, X, 'í 0. )aB.

The frequent occurrence of the Sarapis images on rings isdue to the humane, helpful, supportive attitude of the deity - justlike lsis - who listened to people's everyday problems, gaveanswers to their requests and brought luck and happiness as

41 oÖLoeR 1936, 188'2oo; BoRHY 1997.99 1oo'42 tÓra 1983_19B4,315 336 '

43 RLrÖrot rc52' 27: FoURLAS 1971']6 82, KoLB 1977,247,249.44 cpsztrLvt 1998. 141 Nr. 38.45 rÓrH 1980,94; TÓTH 1gB5. 21-25'46 Summarised in: TÓTH 19B0, 94-95' Another Votive ring: PLANCK 1991,

57-58, 60 Fig.83.47 caNSCHtntrtz 1914, B3s.48 cnnscHtNt=tz 191 4. 837 .

158

A R NG DECORATED WLTH THE BUST OF SARAP]S

Well' SarapiS' together with Isis, guaranteed íertiIity and affluenceand controlled the unforeseeable fate. Therefore their believers,according to their faith, were able to overcome their destinieswith the help of their gods49. These philantropic attributes trans-formed Sarapis and lsis into healing figures who kept illnessaway, insomuch as Sarapis became one of the three most impor-tant healing gods of the Roman Empire by the 3rd century AD.50Wearing the images of lsis and Sarapis, primarily on ringssl andfibulas52. guaranteed the intimate connection and the constantSupport of gods íor their believers in problems of everyday lifeand health, and rendered help in achieving their further aims. Thefollowing formula can be read on a gem: ncrvTcr vtrccr ó)crpcrnrg.53 The rprlooapcrnrq Caracalla was wearing theimage of the invincible Sarapis who guaranteed a certain victory,on his breastplate and he went to the battlefield weartng theimage of his god.5a

ln connection wrth rings decorated with p|astic bUStS, GÜnterGrimm raised the question oí the apotropaic quaIities of the ringsbearing the images oí Alexandrian gods.55 The general meaning ofrings as closed circles is that they are like magic circles protectingtheir owners from all evit spirits and powers.56 It is quite possible,based on the Sarapis ringS, that this íeature of the ring, togetherwlth the protective quatities of Alexandrian gods, kept evil spiritsaway from their believers. lt is in this way they truly possessed the

49 HÖrsr 1983' 98'99'50 RoeorR fi2a,2422; BEcHER 1970.228'233. HORNBoSTEL 1s73,22,HÖLBL 19B3' 99; HÖLBL 19B4,87];l\,4RAV 2ooo' 85-86' caSS' Dio 78. 15,

2. The wearing of the ring and the recovery: GANSCHINIETZ 19'14, 837-838.5 1 u,tnRs HALL 1 9 1 4, 823-824, THot\4AS 1 gBB. 1 1 9 -1 27 .

52 xuzuovÁ 1gs7 ' 81-82'53 ctc tv 7044 vó': RoEDER 1g2o.2428'54 HoRNaostrL rc73,241 Note 2, 380 Note 4, Nr. 87 Taf. 3; HoRNBosTEL 197B' 515'516; l\4RÁV 2ooo' 87 8855 GRt|i,1v 1969,61;HÖFLER 1935. 6256 cnltscHtNtETZ 1914. 836.

Aeqypttts et Pannonia 1

1s9

ZSOLT ]\'IRAV

protective power in the mind of their owner.Some rings decorated with the image of Sarapis come from

a sepulchral background. A golden ring with a Saraprs cameo wasuneafihed from a grave in lntercisa (DunaÚjváros).5 / just like thesilver ring with lsis and Sarap]S which was Íound in a graveyard inSedeinga, Sudan in 1969.58 lt is not cedain whether the rings wereput into the grave because of the beliefs connected to Sarapis asthe ruler of the other worlds9 or because they were simply the per-sonal lewels of the dead put rnto the grave.60 lt is also possible thatboth aspects mattered when burying the rings with their owners.

The rings of the Alexandrian workshop found in the north-ern provinces of the Roman Empire, like the one in the HungarianNational Museum, were probably not the result of commercialactivities. lnstead they were carried around in tourists'and pil-grims'travels to the matn cultic places of the Alexandrian gods,which were quite usual in the lmperial period.

Zso|t MrávHungaria n National Museum

Budapest

AdditionTwo other Sarapis-rings: F. Paolucci, Museo nazionale delBargello. Reperto archeolog,ci. Firenze,1994. 92-93.Two falsified Sarapis-ring from the 19trr century: G. Zahlmaas,Fingerringe und Gemmen' Ausstellungskataloge der práhis-torischen Staatsammlung, /Bd' 11 , lvlÜnchen 1985' 55' nr' 80-81 .

57 oEsztELvt 1998, 141 Nr. 37.58 xntER,stggES 1973.25 Nr i3559 LEtltnN-Hnupr i9o9 1915, 362; RoEDER ig2o,2419-2421, BoNNETl952. 651; CLj\,4oNT 1959, 36-37' iÖLBL l983' 98'60 Rinq. come to light from grave: IVARQUART 1879, 337, 3. By tradition in

the Roman afterlife the deceased ínUSt not Wear a ring: Plin. Nat. HiSt' XXXl-ll 27; GANSCHINI=TZ 1914, 837

160

A R NG DECORATED WITH THE BUST OF SARAPIS

Annex

Prove-nance

Material ofthe rings

Diameterof theh oop

The highof theSarapisbusts

Weiqht

1Pl. l12,TheSarapis ring in theco lection oÍ Hung. Nat.l\,4us. (l\,4N l\,4 lnv. Nr:54.33.111)

l.lnknown Gl dedbronze

20 mm 18 mm

2. Pl. lll. 1; GRlMN.41969.203 Nr. 113 Taf.35 2-4.

D ieb urg BronTe 20 mm 1B mm

3. Pl. lll.2; I\,4ARSHALL19A7.204 Nr. 1298 PL.XXXI= side 285 lV 330.

Unknown Gi dedbronze

19 mm 13 mm

4. Pl. lV. 1 ; HILL 1946,67Nr sFig 6

Unknown G ildedbronze

The highof thebezeli 40mm

5. Pl. lV. 2: EDGAR1904.65 Nr.27891

Eg ypt Bronze 24 mm 27 mm

6. P . lV. 3; KARO1901.212 Fto 11

Egvpt G ild edbronze

7.PLIV.4lSCHREIBER 1894. 308Nr. 40 Fiq. 40

Alexand.ia Gold 12,5 mm

L P . lV. 5; I\,IARSHALL1907, 204 Nr. 1299

[J nknown G ild edbronze

22 mm

L Pl. lV. 6; l\4ARSHALL1907. 204 Nr. 1301.

ll nknown G ild edbronze

20 mm

1O P. V. 1. ]\,4ENZEL1964, Nr. 142,HORNBOSTEL 1973,279, Taf. CLXXV Nr.2a2

Ll nknown Bronze

11. Pt V. 2,I\4ARSHALL 1907, 178Nr 1 122 Pl XXV|ll

Unknown S ilver 29 mm 15 mm 3,36 gr

Aeqvptus et Pannonia 1

161

ZSOLT N/RAV

12. Pt. V. 3;LABROUSSE 1952, 93-95

Royan(Charente-Maritime)

Bronze 20 mm 20 mm 6gr

13. Pl. V. 4; KATER-SIBBES 1973, 47 Nr.290

Esvpt G old 23 mm 20 mm

14 Pl. V. 5:

I\,4ARSHALL 1907 204Nr. 1302

Unknown B ronze 21 mm

15. P. V.6;HORNBOSTEL 1973,279 Anm 2.(Den Haaq)

U nknown gold hoopwith silverSarapisbust

16. Pt Vl. 1;

KARAGEORGHIS1959, 346 Fiq. 13.

Paphos GoLd 20 mm 23 mm

11. Pl. Vl. 2,GAUcKLER - lúERLlN1910. 132 Nr. 125.

l\,4onast r Gl dedb,onze

18. Pl. Vl. 3; GRlN.4N,4

1969, 1B 1-182 Nr. 82Abb.23-24

Zug m antel Gildedbronze

23 mm 15 mm

19. Pl. Vi. 4;]\4ARSHALL 1907,41Nr 239 PL. Vl.

Unknown Gold 1B mm 15 mm 3,3 gr.

20. KATER-SIBBES1973. 179 Nr. 907

Turbe SiLver 24 mm

2T KATER-SIBBES1973 25 Nr. 135

Sedeinga S ilve r 15 mm 25 mm

22. SEGALL 1938, Nr.14617 Ial.39.23. Victoria and Albertl\4useum, LondonWaterton coll. lnv. Nr.534-187124. Brooklyn l\luseumlnv. Nr. 67, 2.25. Coll. L. San ini.Vendita Roma lnv. Nr26 4 1899.

162

P] 27

1-2. The ring decorated with plastic bust of Sarapis in the Hungarian NationalMuseum 3-4. Bronze Sarapis ring from Dieburg

Aegyptus et Pannonía 1

PI. 28

G |ded bronze ring with busts oí lsis and Sarapis in the British MuSeUm