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Csaba Varga

Ancient Greek = Ancient Hungarian Dialect

The words being used in this article were taken from the “Ancient-Greek Hungarian Dictionary” by A. Györkösy, I. Kapitánffy, and I. Tegyei, 1993, supported by the Hungarian Academy of

Sciences.

The pronunciation of the Hungarian alphabet for English speaking people as it is used in this

script:

A : a „flop” Á : aa arm B : b boat C : cz czar CS : ch church

- -------------------- D : d wand E : ε gender É : e illustrate F : f friend G : g go ------------------ GY : dj George H : h have

I : i ink Í : ii evening J : y young ---------------- K : k milk L : l play Ly : y young M : m milk N : n no -------------------- Ny : nj el ninjo O : o hold Ó : ó open Ö : œ her P : p pair

R : r run ----------------- S : sh dish SZ : s list T : t time Ty : tj katja U : u book --------------------- Ú : uu ooze Ü : ue Munic, V : v have Z : z zoo Zs : ž treasure

Hungarians write the sound “s” as “sz” and the sound “sh” as “s”.

I. The remarkable widely used “–os” ending.

The ancient Greeks had a lisping speech; they did not use the sound “sh” and had no sign for it. The Hungarian population-group of the Csángós and Barkós are lisping as

well. Some examples:

Csángó-dialect main-Hungarian

cendesz <chεndεs> csendes <chεndεsh> (quiet)

filesz <filεs> füles <fuelεsh> (having ears)

hász <haas> ház <haaz> (house)

isz <is> is <ish> (also, too)

moszt <most> most <mosht> (now, at present)

meszél <mεsel> mesél <mεshel> (narrates)

misze <misε> mise <mishε> (mass, service)

nyisszátok <njissaatok> nyissátok <njishaatok> (open it!)

öszte <œstε> este <εshtε> (evening)

szegít <sεgiit> segít <shεgiit> (helping)

szenki <sεnki> senki <shεnki> (nobody>

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szoho zen <soho zεn> soha sem <shoha shεm> (never)

szokcor <sokczor> sokszor <shoksor> (many times)

szokot <sokot> sokat <shokat> (much, many)

tűrész <tueres> tűrés <tueresh> (endurance)

Csángós know the sound “sh” very well. They don’t have a “partial national speech

defect”. Their lisping speech is the remnant of an inherited archaic characteristic feature.

They have been living quite separated from the main Hungarian population for over 1000

years - east from Transylvania - and their territory belongs to Romania for the last 70 years.

(And the Romanians are forcing them to Roman language by not permitting them to speak

Hungarian in the school and church). They speak an archaic Hungarian dialect. To proof our

statement, we are going to compare words with typical lisping. Many words end with –os, -

as, -es, -és.

These endings are much characteristic for the ancient Greek language as well and

easy to find in a dictionary.

A big surprise was to find the endings –osz, -asz, -esz, -ész in the main Hungarian

vocabulary in almost uncountable numbers, not just in the Csángó dialect. These ancient

Greek words with the typical lisping “-os” ending in our language have even the same

meaning. (The endings “–asz, -esz and -ész”, follow the vowel-accommodation rule in both

languages but we just call it “-osz” for the simplification.)

A few of many examples:

arasz <aras> (span of the hand)

csupasz <chupas> (naked)

csipesz <chipεs> (tweezers)

csenevész <chεnεves> (puny, sickly)

degesz <dεgεs> (crammed, packed)

dugasz <dugas> (tampion)

eresz <εrεs> (eaves)

horpasz <horpas> (flank, groin)

kamasz <kamas> (adolescent)

kopasz <kopas> (bald-headed)

merész <mεres> (bold)

panasz <panas> (complaint)

penész <pεnes> (mould)

terpesz <tεrpεs> (straddle position)

ragasz <ragas> (glue)

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In other examples the „sz“ is frozen unchanged in the middle of the words, thus signalising for us, that Hungarian had many more of these endings in archaic times and our ancestors must have been lisping using the forerunner of our language.

lukaszt <lukast> (makes a hole)

horgaszt <horgast> (hang)

száraszt <saarast> (drying)

nyomaszt <njomast> (weigh down)

köveszt <kœvεst> (boiling green bacon)

kepeszt <kεpεst> (struggling to get uphill)

természet tεrmesεt> (nature)

tapaszt <tapast> (plasters)

In many cases the „sz“ changed to a „j“(y) and we use both variations:

szakaszt <> szakajt (pick, pluck)

szalaszt <> szalajt (send for…)

The change of the form and pronunciation of these “-osz, -asz, -esz, -ész” endings

and their slowly disappearance from our language can easily be followed, supposedly, it was

a totally lisping speech at the beginning. The best help to prove this statement is the

possibility to compare the Hungarian-Csángó and ancient-Greek vocabulary.

A) In many of our old words the “-osz” endings are still unchanged:

[κανλος] <kauelos> kalász <kalaas> (ear of corn)

[αλιενς] <haliεues> halász <halaas> (fisherman)

[χνμος] <kuemos> kumisz <kumis> (koumiss)

[κολπιας] <kolpias> kolbász <kolbaas> (sausage, bulging)

[πινος] <piinos> penész <pεnes> (mildew)

[ενς] <εues> jósz (jó-osz>>jószág) (good, property)

jó is the root-word of jó <yó>, jav, javak…(good, goods)…

B) In some other words the “-osz” became an “s” <sh>:

[πνρρος] <puerros> piros <pirosh> (red)

[έσνς] <edues> édes <edεsh> (sweet)

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[καλλιηος] <kallimos> kellemes <kεllεmεsh> (pleasant)

[ειρηνκος] <irenikos> árnyékos <aarnjekosh> (shady, shaded)

[δετός] <thεtós> tetős <tεtœsh>, rátétes (ornamented)

[ακιδος] <akidos> akadós <akadósh> (jerky, fitful)

C) The “-osz” ending of numerous words had changed to “-c, -cs, -z”:

[πικρός] <pikrós> pokróc <pokrócz> (coarse rug)

[ακις] <aakis> ákics <aakich> (stinging

akác <akaacz> (acacia)

[κντος] <kuetos> kutacs <kutach> (fontanelle)

[ξερος] <ksεros> száraz <saaraz> (dry)

[oς] <os> oszt >> azt(án) <aztaan> (after that)

D) Some other words are just missing the “-osz” ending:

[σακκος] <saakkos> szák >> zsák <saak – žaak> (bag, sack)

[χορτος] <khortos> kert <kεrtr> (garden)

[σιρος] <siiros> sír <shiir> (grave, pit)

[ονος] <oueros> őr <œr> (guard)

[ικελος] <ikelos> iker <ikεr> (twin, similar)

[αλλος] <aallos> ál <aal> (false, fake)

[σαπροσ] <sapros> seprő <shεprœ> (dregs of wine)

E) Beside the change of the “osz” ending as presented above, many words

suffered larger modifications. We try to avoid dealing with very complicated changes

in this short study. One of these is

[καταοντέςις] <kataouetesis> = “kata-uetœzesh” >> gutauetœdesh,

now gutaütés <guta-uetesh> (stroke).

Examples for larger pronunciation-changes:

[αςπαραγος] <asparagos> spárga <spaarga> (asparagus)

[βονκρανος] <boukranos> bugris <bugrish> (ox headed)

[νεαρος] <nearos> nyers <njεrsh> fresh, growing)

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[νηπιος] <nepios> népies <nepiεsh> (popular, rustic)

nyápic <njaapicz, (puny)

[περιαγης] <pεriages> pörge <pœrgε> (circular curled hat)

[σκνλαξ] <skuelaks> skölyöks <kœyœk> (kid)

(“sz” is missing at the begin and at the end)

[ϋακινθος] <ueakinthos> jácint <yaaczint> (hyacinth)

As we have seen above, the concordance of the „-osz” ending matches perfectly the

identity of the meaning of the words in both languages. This fact connects both vocabularies

as well as a spiral holds two pages of a book together. This statement is not assailable.

II. Further identical word-building procedures in

Ancient-Greek and Hungarian language.

A) There is a regular sound-modification in some Hungarian dialects by

omitting the sound “L” at the end of the words and making the vowel before it to a

long vowel. In case of vacakol <vaczakol> (potters about), singular third person,

people say in some Hungarian dialects even today vacakó, instead of hozol >> hozó

(you bring), viszel >> visző <vis> (you take) and for kapol >> kapó (you get). [The

modification of the partner-sound “R” happened by the same rule like mikor >> mikó

(when) and akkor >> akkó (then) Furthermore, similar changes happened in the

middle of many words like szöllő >> szőlő <sœlœ> (grape)]

In ancient-Greek no “L” was written at the end of the words and probably they did not

pronounce it, but the long “ó” (ω) at these word’s ends marks its place.

Ancient-Greek vocabulary

Hungarian vocabulary

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[γυψω] <guepsó> gipszel >> gipsœ <gipsεl-gipsœ> (he plasters)

[βρομεω] <bromeó> brummol << brummó (he growls)

[τευχω] <teuekhó> tákol >> tákó <taakol – taakó> (he makes)

[λεγω] <legó> legel >> legő <lεgεl - legœ> (it grazes)

In the following, I am going to put this missing “L”-sound between brackets (l)

to the end of the ancient-Greek words to ease the comparison of the words, like

[τευχω] teükho(l).

B) We will write the official meanings of the Ancient-Greek words - found in the

dictionary supported by the Scientific Academy - with italics. The Hungarian

dictionary writers generally avoided to write down the according Hungarian word if it

sounded similarly or identical with a Greek or Latin word. They tried to circumscribe it

with synonyms. For “shitty position” stands the explanation “a position not quite

strait”.

We call this a “finer speech”, but it is not really the truth. It is understandable that a

simple dictionary can’t follow all the complicated modifications and pronunciations,

which are not easy to evaluate. One example: for the earlier used józás - javitás

<yoozaash- yaviitaash> (making healthy) we say gyógyítás <djódjiitaash> today

(both words have the same root and meaning).

But, there is no excuse to explain the word

[τευχω] <teuekhó(l)> with készít (prepare), csinál (does),

épít (build), and létrehoz (establish)

and not even mention tákol <taakol> which is exactly the same word, or for

explaining the word

[κοπις] <kópis> with ravasz (cunning), hazug (lying)

and szélhámos (swindler)

instead with kópé, which is again the same word.

However, naming that many synonyms with identical meanings proves

significantly the correctness of our statement about identity.

C) We will put old-fashion words used in this script - which we don’t use now

but are able to understand - between quotation marks.

D) There are numerous guest-sounds without much meaning but decorating

the pronunciation in both languages. I will write them with superscript like:

[πςαμμος] <psammós> szemes <sεmεsh> (corn, having an eye)

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[ςκενος] <skεueos> eszköz <eskœz> (utensil)

More examples for the marking of words:

[ηδυς] <edues> édes <edεsh> sweetie (a friendly person, dear)

[κλοπυκος] <klopikos> lopikás, lopósh <lopikaash, lopósh> (he or she

has a tendency to steal)

[ωδεω] <odeo(l)> “odéól”, oda-ól >> [l<>z]

oda-óz >> odáz (pushing away) contrary to this is

idéz (cite to here)

The word-ends with –os or -osh are connecting the two vocabularies as we

have stated previously; however, there are more correlation between the languages.

Following, I will show some of the numerous common features.

Even the reader, inexperienced in etymology, is able to recognize the

concordances, when the words are grouped by their word-roots. Using this method,

we can see that the differences are merely due to the different alphabets and to the

softer, and in some cases negligent speech of the ancient-Greek people.

The [s > sh > z] sound-modifications happened through the whole vocabulary.

Some more word-building elements common in both languages:

[ομοιον]1 <omoion> amolyan <amoyan> (similar, equal)

[ομοιον]2 <omoion> amolyan módon <amoyan módon>, “amolyon”

hasonlatosan <hashonlatoshan> (similarly)

egyenlően <edjenlœεn> (equaly)

[ομοιως] <omoios> amolyas <amoyash> (similar, identical)

[ομοιωσις] <omoiosis> “amolyozás” <amoyozaash> (assimilation)

[ομοιοω] <omoió(l)> amolyol <amoyol> (call it similar)

[ομως] <omós> “amás” <amaash> (identical)

[ομοταγης] <omotages> “amatagos” <amatagosh> (being in the same plot)

[ομοφυλος] <omophylos> amafélés, amaféle <amafelesh> (same ethnicity)

[phylos = félés, féle] (art)

[πιστος] <pistos> biztos <biztosh> (secure)

[πισυνος] <pisuenos> bizonyos <bizonjosh> (certain, sure)

[πισανοτης] <pithanótes> bizonyítás <bizonjiitaash> (verification)

[πισανς] <pithanós> bizonyos <bizonjosh> (undoubted)

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[πιθηκος] <pithekos> bizákos <bizaakosh> (overconfident)

[πιθτωσις] <pistósis> “biztózás“ <biztózaash> (verification)

today biztosítás <biztosiitaash> (insurance)

[κακκαω] <kakkaaó(l)> kakál (poo, kacking)

[κακκη] <kakke> kaka (poo)

(instead of this expression we use now often the

word “szar” = shit, which has been present in ancient Greek as

well as [ςκορ] skor = dung, manure, with a guest-sound “k” in it.

(The name of the “dung-rolling beetle”, the scarabeus is certainly

connected to this word)

The “June-beetle” is called “csereboh” <chεrεboh> in a Hungarian

dialect.

[κακοω] <kakóo(l)> “kakaol” > kakaoz > kakáz (besmirch, insult, stain)

[κακος]1 <kakós> kakás <kakaash> (bad, harmful, ugly)

(every mother warns her child with this word for many thousands of

years)

[κακος]2 <kakós> gazember, gyáva <djaava> (a bad and coward

person), today we say “a szar alak” (shitty person)

[καλλ] <kall> kell, kellő <kεllœ>, kel- (something needed, tempting)

[καλλιμος] <kaallimos> kellemes <kεllεmεsh> (good, beautiful, favorable)

[καλλος] <kallos> kellős <kεllœsh> (beauty, nice objects)

[καλλυνω] <kallueno(l)> “kellenyel” (embellishes, minces, cleans)

[φανη] <fane> fénye <fenje> ({flaming} torch)

(it uses genitive and means the light of a torch)

[φαεινος] <faεinós> fényes <fenjεsh> (radiant, shiny, glistering)

[φανος] <faanós> fényes <fenεjsh> (is a dialectical variant of faeinós)

(the word “Venus” derived from this)

[φαινω] <faino(l)> fényel <fenjεl> (it makes-, it becomes visible)

[φαινολις] (fainolis> fényelős <fenjεlœsh> (shining, light spending)

[ουρ] <ouer> űr <uer> (empty space, void)

[ουρεω] <ouerεo(l)> űröl <uerœl> (voids)

[ουρησις] <oueresis> “űrözés” <uerœzesh>,

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today ürités <ueritesh> (voiding)

[ουρητικος] <oueretikos> üritékes <ueritekesh> (frequently voiding,

remembering at urine)

[ουρον] <oueron> űreny <uerεnj> (urine)

[πυρ] <puer> pír <piir> (fire)

[πρυγω] <pruego(l)> “pirgol” > pörköl <pœrkœl>, pirít (fries, toasts)

(the Latin purgatorium, English purgatory and purge derived from

this word)

[πυρεσσω] <pueresso(l)> parázsol <paraažol>,

or perzsel <pεržεl> (feverish)

[πυρωσις] <puerosis> pirózis, piritás <pritaash> (cooking, burning pain)

[πυρριχος] <puerrikos> “pirikés”, piroskás <piroshkaash> (reddish)

[πυρρος] <puerrós> piros <pirosh> (red, fire colored)

[πυρσωδης] <puersodes> “pirzódós”, pörzsödős <pœržœdœsh> (glowing,

flaming, burning hot)

[νυκς] <nueks> nyugsz <njugs> (night)

nyugat <njugat> (West)

napnyugta <napnjugta> (sunset)

[νυκτο] <nuekto> nyugta <njugta> (nocturnal, at night)

[νυκτοουρος] <nukto-oueros> nyugta-őr <njugtaœr> (night-watch)

[νυχιος] <nuekhios> nyugosz(t) <njugost> (nightly, dark)

[εν νυγτι] <εn nuegti> nyugton <njugt-on> (at night)

en nuegti = nyugt-on (at night)

en delos = dél-en (at south) (they used a prefix instead of a suffix in

Ancient Greek, otherwise the same words)

[ελαττοω] <elattoo(l)> alattol, alattoz (minimize, diminish)

[ελασσον] <εlasson> alatton (less)

[ελασσων] <εlassón> alacsony <alachonj> (smaller, lower)

[ελαττοωσις] <elattózis> alattozás <alattozaash> (reduction, deficiency)

[ελαχυς] <elakhues> aligos <aligosh> (small, short)

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III The concordance of complex word-building elements

The identity of the complex word-building elements will further reinforce the

experience from previous chapters.

As an example of many similar words, the root of the word “boroz” (drinks

wine) is bor (wine) and the suffix –oz is added to make it to a verb. Extending it

further with –ás, like bor-ozás (wine-drinking), it becomes a noun.

All together, the endings

–ozás <-ozaash>, -ezés <-εzesh>, -ézés <-ezesh> in Hungarian and

[-οσις],<-ósis>, [-ησις] <-esis>, [-εσις] <-εsis>. in ancient Greek

do have identical form and meaning and follow the vowel-assimilation rule in

both languages. Some examples:

[ελαττωσις] <elattosis> alattozás (reduction)

[θακησις] <thakesis> “székezés” [z<>l]: székelés <sekεlesh> (session)

[θεσις] <thesis> teszés = tevés <tεsesh - tεvesh> (putting down,

establish, thesis)

[ιασις] <iaasis] józás <yózaash> (healing)

[νοεσις] <noesis> nézés <nezesh> (noticing, seeing)

[νωμεσις] <nómesis> nyomozás <njomozaas> (examination)

[ουρησις] <oueresis> űrözés <uerœzesh>, [z<>t] űrités <ueritesh>

(voiding, draining)

[πιθτωσις] <pistósis> “biztózás” today: biztosítás <biztoshiitaash>

(insurance, assurance)

[πυρωσις] <puerósis> pírozás <piirozaash> (cooking, burning pain)

[τηρησις] <teresis> tározás <taarozaash>

[z<>l] tárolás <taarolaash> (storage, guarding, jail)

C) The Hungarian language still has an attraction to the sound [ ζ ] <dz>, like

fiadz (litter, drop), leledz (be in…), csókolódz <chókolódz> (kissing)

[μαλαζ] = málladz <maaladz> (crumbles) identical to ancient Greek, but in

many cases in order to express continuity of the movement, we add the suffix

-ik to the verb: sarjadzik <sharyadzik> (sprouting)

tekerődzik <tεkεrœdzik> (winds along)

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or we add -ás, -és to express the process of a change:

ágadzás <aagadzash> (the branching out)

leveledzés <lεvεlεdzesh> (the breaking into leaf)

In the ancient Greek the “-ol” suffix meant a continuous process as in

Hungarian: tagol (dismembers), számol (counts) and it has been added

very often to the syllable -odz or -edz. Both together: -edzel, -odzol, changed

by [dz >> sz >> z] and became often contracted to a “c” <cz>:

bont-odzol > boncol <bonczol> (dissects)

von-odzol > vonszol <vonsol> (drags)

We need a little more attention to understand the words below because of

change and declining use of the compound endings [-ιζω] <idzó(l) and [-αζω]

<(-adzó(l)>. Nevertheless, these are not imported foreign words.

[βιαζω] <biadzo(l)> “bujádzol”, bujálkodik (fornicate, resorts to

force)

[γεμιζω] <gemidzo(l)> gyömidzöl

[dz > sz] gyömöszöl <djœmœsœl> (stuffs, fills up)

[χειριζω] <khεridzo(l)> “karodzol”, kheir = kar (arm), in ancient Greek, but

it meant the hand as well.

karoz, karozol, (embrace) and / or kezel (handle) after [z > l] change.

[μελιζω] <melidzo(l)> “málodzol” > mállaszt <maallast>

(breaks apart, crumbles)

[οθιζω] <othidzo(l)> “odádzol” now odázol (pushes away, thrust)

[οργιζω] <orgidzo(l)> “hergidzol”, now hergel (provoke, makes angry)

{org = (h)erg >> hergel, haragol (puts in rage)}

[ορθιαζω] <orthiadzo(l)> „ordiadzol“, now ordít (shouts)

[παιζω] <paidzo(l)> “pajdzol” > pajzánkodik <payzaankodik>

(frolic, be necking)

[ριπταζω] <riptadzo(l)> röptédzel <rœptedzεl> (be throwing to and fro)

[ριπτω] <ripto(l)> röptél, now röpít <rœpiit> (lets fly)

[σκευαζω] <skeueadzo(l) eszködzöl <εskœzœl> (using a tool, prepares)

{[σκευος] <skeueos> = eszköz <eskœz> (tool)}

IV. The detailed introduction of one word-root

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Until now, I introduced similarities or identities. Now we are pointing to

differences. The word-root to be introduced is “ták”. It has been used less nowadays,

but it can give us a right picture of divergences.

Note: It is the specific feature of a language built on word-roots that if

the population splits into two parts, without much connection between

the parts, then the vocabulary could largely modify without changing the

language itself; supposedly, both branches keep the root-system and

the original word-building principle healthy. New words get built and

others are not used anymore, but the words are created from the same

roots here and there. This last statement is the most important feature

of the organically built, agglutinating languages. Furthermore, the glued

on “rags”, the pre- or suffixes are roots as well. The meanings of some

have been blurred or forgotten during the thousands of years or their

form has gotten distorted inside of words, when the combination was

fixed a very long time ago. The creation of new words is a nonstop

procedure of agglutinating languages with the participation of all

speakers. The roots of the word-clusters do not change, thus the

population even long after their separation should be able to understand

each other with little difficulty. The one population-part would call a

butterfly “lepke” and the other “pillangó”, both words are built from the

same root. There is no Hungarian dialect, which is not understood by all

Hungarians. The following presentation is a good example for this.

The climax of using the word-root “tak” has long been over, many words built

on it are not used now and the meaning of others was narrowed down. However, we

can recognize all by understanding well the root’s meaning (seeing its picture) and

knowing the word-building elements, unchanged since then. We do not have to leave

the territory of our language for the understanding and explanation of even strange

words. Furthermore, we can recognize people’s intention to create words 3-4–5

thousands years ago, their way of thinking, their world-view and even their humor.

The word-root ták, tak, tek means fitting, jointing, adjustment, overlapping,

extending and assembling. Many words are built on this root:

takar (covers, overlays)

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takaró (covering, coating)

takács <takaach> (weaver)

tákol <taakol> (make in a makeshift)

takony <takonj> (snot, mucus adjusted to the nose)

The word tákos <taakosh>, as used earlier, (it has a tak, an adjusted, added part)

If somebody tákol, he assembles, he joints things together, he builds something what

we call tákolmány <taakolmaanj> (makeshift). A plan is tákolt as well. Our ancestors

said that a good handworker tákol <taakol> (assembles) well and a masterpiece is a

very well tákolt (built) thing.

Tak has changed after [t <> sz] to

szak <sak> (profession, specialty)

szakma <sakma> (trade, branch, craft)

szakmány <sakmaanj> (work by contract),

it was originally tákma and tákmány.

Tekenyő > teknyő > teknő <tεknœ> (through, washtub, basin) is tákolt (made)

out of wood. If something is tákolt (built), we put a –en –eny or –any onto, like

teknye, of tekne. There are numerous examples for [n-ny] change in Hungarian as

dékany <> dékan (dean), kalán <> kalány (spoon). This way we can understand that

a táknyikás <taaknjikaash> “teknikás” person is a good craftsman and a “taktikás”

man can assemble different parts very well.

The ancient Greeks did tákol the children, thus they became a tákolmány

<taakolmaanj> (assembled product) as well.

The word ták was written in seven different ways in ancient Greek. Certainly,

many dialects could be expressed this way.: Tak [τακ], ték [τεκ], thek [τεχ], teükh

<tεuekh> [τευχ], tík [τικ], tok [τοκ], tük <tuek> [τυκ].

In this script, we use the recent spelling ták, tek.

[τακτος] <tactós> taktus <taktush>, (tact) means something put, joint beside

each other in an organized matter. It has been well tákolt.

[τεκος] <tekos> tákos, tákosh (child, offspring)

(the word “hékás” <hekaash> (urchin) descended from tékás by [t<>h])

[τεκνοω] <teknóo(l)> “taknyól”, tákonyol <taakonjól> (produces a child)

[τεκνον] <tεknon> taknyon, taknyos <taknjosh> (child, nestling)

[τεκνογοεω] <tεknogoneo(l)> “taknyagányol” <taknjagaanjol> (copulate)

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(gányol = produces >> delivers)

[τεκνογονος] <tεknogónos> “taknyagányos” <taknjagaanjosh> (parent,

somebody producing offspring)

[τεκνοποιεω] <tεknopoieo(l)> “taknyabajol” >> táknyot bajol (delivers a

child), poiéol = bajol <bayol> (suffering), after [b <> v]

bajol >> vajud, vajudik is now our term for delivery.

[τεκνωσις] <tεknósis> “taknyozás” <taknjozaash> (delivery)

[τεκνους] <tεknoues> “tákonyos”, taknyos <taknjosh> (childish, or

having a child)

[τεκτων] <tεktón> “táktány” <taaktaanj> (professions of “tákolás” (building

like handworker, artist, carpenter or cabinet-maker)

the letter “t” adde to tek or tak expresses a verbal noun

like hant (grave), pánt (brace) or

fiat(al) (young)

[τεκτονικος] <tεktonikos> “táktonyikás” <taaktonjikaash> (well skilled in

building, or in carpentry).

The word “tectonic”, tells us that the sheets or plates of our

planet earth are well adjusted.

[τεχνη] <tεkhné> táknya <taaknja> (skillfulness, special method used in a

profession)

[τεχναζω] <tεkhnaadzo(l)> táknyádzol <taaknjaadzol> (invents, designs)

[τεχνικος] <tεkhnikós> teknikás <tεknikaash> (a good tákoló), a skilled

person, may be cunning, artful

[τευχω] <tεuekho(l)> tákol <taakol> (builds, prepares, assembles)

[τικτω] <tikto(l) “táktol” (delivers, litters, breeds)

in Hungarian the “tyuk” <tjuk> (hen) is called “tik” in many dialects,

because it “tiktols”, “táktols” regularly.

[τοκας] <tokaas> tákosz, (pregnant, brooder, drop)

[τοκειυς] <tokεtues> tákódás <taakódaash> (giving birth)

[τοκευς] <tokεues> tákász <taakaas> (father, begetter)

[τυκτος] <tuektós> “táktos” <taaktosh> (man made, well done)

V. Some compound ancient Greek words.

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The compound words of a language are the most labile ones. They change

fast, often disappear and new combinations are built. It is a significant finding by this

evaluation work that we are able to understand and explain most of the ancient

Greek compound-words out of the Hungarian language.

[δυσαυλος] <dues-aulos> 1) dues = gyász <djaas> (sorrow), it meant

originally “bad” or “difficult”. 2) aul = ól (kennel, stable) [δυσ-αυλος] gyász-ólas <djaas-ólash> (offering a bad lodging)

[ελαττονεω] <elatto-neo(l)> 1) elatto = alatta (below) >> alá

2) neo(l) [l > z] = néz (sees, looks at)

elattoneo(l) = alattanéz (sees below, spots deficiency in something) [θυραθεν] <thuer-athen> 1) tür > tár(uló) = ajtó (door), 2) áten > át

(beyond) [θυρ-αθεν] = tár-átan (beyond-, outside the door)

[θυρωρος] <thuer-óros> 1) thuer = tár(uló) = ajtó (door),

2) óros = őröz <œrœz> (guards)

[θυρ-ωρος] = thuer-őr = ajtó-őr = (door guard)

[κακοβουλος] <kako-boulos> 1) kaka (shit, bad), 2) bölcs <bœlcs>

(wise) [κακο-βουλος] kaka-bölcs = (bad advisor)

[κακοθροος] <kako-throos> 1) kaka (shit, bad), 2) throos = duruzs

<duruž> (noise, rumor) κακο-θροος = kaka-duruzs (stray rumor, slander)

[κακοπινης] <kako-pines> 1) kaka (shit), 2) pinés = penész

(mould) κακο-πινες = kaka-penész (moldy shit, deepest dirt)

[κακοφωνος] <kako-phónos> 1) kaka (bad, shit), 2) fon = hang (sound)

(the floral tangle leaving the beak of a singing bird on pictures of

Hungarian folk-art is called fonadék, a depiction of sound)

κακο-φωνος = kaka-fonás <kaka-fonaash>(bad sounding)

[καλλιπεπλος] <kalli-pεplos> 1) kalli = kellő <kεllœ> (pleasant)

2) peplos = paplan (coverlet)

καλλι-πεπλος = kellő-paplanos = (with pleasant coverlet, or garments) [καλλιτεχνης] <kalli-theknes> 1) kellő <kεllœ> (proper),

2) theknes = táknyász, tákoló (assembler) [καλλι-τεχνης] = kellő-táknyász <kεllœ-taaknjaas> (good hand-worker)

[μελιηδης] <mεli-édés> 1) meli = máló (soft) [l<>z] = méz (honey)

2) edes = édes <edεsh> (sweet)

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[μελι-ηδης] = méz-édes <mez-edεsh> (honey-sweet)

[μελοδια] <mεlo-dia> 1) meló = máló (softening)

2) dia = dia, tia, csia (doing), tesz (does) [μελο-δια] = málo-dia >> melódia (soft-maker)

[ννυγτιβρομος] <nuegti-bromos> 1) nuegt = nyugt <njugt> (rest, night)

2) brom = brumm (growl) [ννυγτι-βρομος] = nyugti-brummos (night- growler)

[νυγτουρος] <nuegto-ueros> 1) nuegt = nyugt <njugt> (night) 2) ouer(os) = őr <œr> (guard)

[νυγτο-υρος] = nyugt-őr <night watchman) [ολιγοπιστος] <oligo-pistos> 1) olig = alig (barely),

2) pistos = biztos <biztosh> (secure), [ολιγο-πιστος] = alig- biztos <alig-biztosh> (insecure, faint-hearted)

[ομοτιμος] <omo-timos> 1) omo = ama (the same) , 2) timos = címes <cziimεsh> (title, rank)

[ομο-τιμος] = omo-timos = ama-címes (having the same or similar rank)

[ονοφυλος] <omo-phuelos> 1) omo = ama (similar, the same)

2) phuelos = félés <felesh> (kind, type) [ονο-φυλος] = ama-félés (homophile, belonging to the same type)

[πυριηκης] <pueri-ekes> 1) puer = pir (fire)

2) ék = ék (spike) [πυρι-ηκης] = piros-ékes (having a hot {red} spike)

[υποτεσις] <uepothesis> 1) uepo = hupi (below, weak), hupikék = light blue

2) thesis = teszés <tεsesh - tεvesh> (doing)

[υπο-τεσις] = hupi-tevésh = alig-tevésh (scarcely doing)

hypo-thesis (a thesis not confirmed yet)

VI. SUMMARY We started our comparison study with introduction of the lisping character of

the Hungarian-Csángó dialect as a special inheritance. We demonstrated further that

the “main” Hungarian is a definitive lisping language as well, but the continuously

increased use of the sound “sh” in it did not happen synchronized in the Csángó

dialect. Following this path, we arrived inevitably at the “pre-Greek” or ancient Greek

language. It is impossible to give a detailed introduction of the ancient-Greek

language in this short study; however, it is really interwoven with the presented

particulars. The connection of the two languages is deep and organic. (The reader

can find much more detailed etymological explanations and word-samples in my

book “Ógörög: régies csángó nyelv” (Ancient Greek: Archaic Csángó Language.)

The general rule of history – “there is no turning back” – should be applicable

to the languages as well. Doing this, we can state that the “Hungarian” is now one of

the closest successors of the archaic proto-“nostratic” language of Europe, and that

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the ancient Greek was a dialect of that early language as well as the Etruscan. (This

short exposé is not the place to prove that the Carpathian basin has been the

radiating center for many languages since the beginnings.)

It should be the task of future historians to write the true history of humanity that better concords with the development of languages.

References: Cser Ferenc – Darai Lajos: Magyar folytonosság a Kárpát medencében. (Hungarian

Continuity in the Carpathian-Basin) 2005 Frig publisher.

Czuczor Gergely : A Magyar nyelv szótára (Dictionary of the Hungarian language)

1862 Scientific Academy.

Dr. Aczél József: Ősgörög eredetünk és a kún-szkíta nyelv.(The Kun-Skythian

language and our anciant-Greek heritage) 1924, Veszprém.

Grover S. Krantz: Development of the European languages

Györkösy A. - Kapitánffy I. – Tegyei .: Ógörög Magyar nagyszótár (Hungarian – Ancient-Greek Dictionary) 1993, Publisher of the Scientific Academy.

Juhász Zoltán: A zene ősnyelve (The archaic language of the music) 2006 Frig publ. László Géza: A Magyar nyelv, mint a nyelvek egységes eredetének bizonyítéka. (The

Hungarian is the proof of an early common language of humanity) 1931. Mario Alinei: Etrusco: Una forma arcaica di ungherese (The Ethruscan is an archaic

dialect of the Hungarian 2003, Il Mulino Szabó István: A magyar nép eredete (The origin of the Hungarians) 2004, Mundus

Academic publisher. Szentkatolnai Bálint G.: A Magyar nyelv Délindiában (The Hungarian language

in South-Indien) 1888

Varga Cs.: A kőkor élő nyelve (The living Language of the Stone-Age) 2003 Frig

Publ. Varga Cs.: Az Angol szókincs Magyar szemmel (The Anglish Language from

Hungarian view) 2007 Frig Publisher. Varga Cs. : Ógörög: régies Csángó nyelv (Ancient-Greek: Archaic Csángó

Language) 2005 Frig Publisher