Ritual, Religion and Reason

Studies in the Ancient World in Honour of Paolo Xella

Edited by Oswald Loretz, Sergio Ribichini,

Wilfred G.E. Watson and José Á. Zamora

Alter Orient und Altes Testament Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Orients und des Alten Testaments Band 404 Herausgeber

Manfried Dietrich • Oswald Loretz • Hans Neumann

Lektor

Kai A. Metzler Beratergremium

Rainer Albertz • Joachim Bretschneider Stefan Maul • Udo Rüterswörden • Walther Sallaberger Gebhard Selz • Michael P. Streck • Wolfgang Zwickel

2013 Ugarit-Verlag Münster

Ritual, Religion and Reason

Studies in the Ancient World in Honour of Paolo Xella

Edited by Oswald Loretz, Sergio Ribichini,

Wilfred G.E. Watson and José Á. Zamora

2013 Ugarit-Verlag Münster

Ritual, Religion and Reason. Studies in the Ancient World in Honour of Paolo Xella

Edited by Oswald Loretz, Sergio Ribichini, Wilfred G. E. Watson and José Á. Zamora

Alter Orient und Altes Testament, Band 404 © 2013 Ugarit-Verlag, Münster

www.ugarit-verlag.de

Alle Rechte vorbehalten All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Herstellung: Hubert & Co, Göttingen Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-86835-087-6

Printed on acid-free paper

Paolo Xella

(photo by Gesualdo Petruccioli)

Contents

Introductory

Ritual, Religion and Reason: Rarefied regions of research ..................................... xi

Publications of Paolo Xella ..................................................................................... xv

Section I. Archaeology – Art History – Numismatics

Paolo Matthiae La déesse nue et le dieu au panache. Aux origines de l’iconographie de l’Ishtar d’Ébla .................................................... 1

Gabriella Scandone Matthiae Hathor e il cigno. Su un reperto egiziano dall’ipogeo reale di Qatna ..................... 25

Claude Doumet-Serhal – Jwana Shahud A Middle Bronze Age temple in Sidon. Ritual and communal feasting ................. 33

Valérie Matoïan « Du vin pour le délice de l’assoiffé » .................................................................... 61

María Eugenia Aubet Cremation and social memory in Iron Age Phoenicia ............................................ 77

Roald Docter Bichrome ware amphorae from Al Mina, Kition, and Carthage ............................. 89

Cecilia Beer Amulettes phénico-puniques entre vie et mort (entre quotidien et tophet) ........... 103

Gioacchino Falsone Sul culto dei betili a Mozia. A proposito di un cono sacro ................................... 125

Francesca Spatafora La necropoli di Palermo tra primo ellenismo ed età repubblicana. Nuovi dati preliminari ........................................................................................... 137

Francisca Chaves Tristán – Mª Luisa de la Bandera Romero Pequeño hallazgo de plata en Boos (Valdenebro, Soria, España), finales del s. III a. C. ............................................................................................. 149

Nabil Kallala À propos d’une attestation nouvelle du signe de Tanit à el-Gouisset (l’antique Vcubi), dans la région du Kef, au N–O de la Tunisie ........................... 163

Contents

viii

Section II. Philology – Epigraphy

Maria Giovanna Biga Ancora sul sacrificio umano nel Vicino Oriente antico ........................................ 167

Francesco Pomponio A fragment of a Neo-Sumerian barley record ....................................................... 175

Giuseppe F. Del Monte Due note sul “Canto di Ullikummi” ...................................................................... 181

Pierre Bordreuil Baal l’accusateur ................................................................................................... 189

Gregorio del Olmo Lete KTU 1.107: A miscellany of incantations against snakebite ................................ 193

Manfried Dietrich – Oswald Loretz Mustertext einer Beschwörung gegen Zauberer (KTU 1.169 = RIH 78/20) ........ 205

Dennis Pardee On the edge again .................................................................................................. 229

Josef Tropper – Juan-Pablo Vita Verschlissene Kleider in Ugarit. Bemerkungen zu den Wirtschaftstexten RS 19.104, KTU 4.168 und 4.182 ........ 237

Kevin J. Cathcart Offences and curses in Northwest Semitic inscriptions ........................................ 243

Maria Giulia Amadasi Guzzo “Re dei Sidonii”? .................................................................................................. 257

Rossana De Simone Un alfabetario punico da Selinunte ....................................................................... 267

Josette Elayi Un nouveau sceau phénicien inscrit ...................................................................... 271

Mhamed Hassine Fantar Propos sur la toponymie d’Afrique du Nord ......................................................... 277

André Lemaire ʿOzibaal de Byblos ? (XIe s. av. n. è.) ................................................................... 289

Herbert Niehr Die phönizische Inschrift auf dem Sarkophag des Königs Ešmunazor II. aus Sidon (KAI 14) in redaktionsgeschichtlicher und historischer Sicht ............. 297

Wolfgang Röllig Die phönizische Inschrift der Reliefstele von Ivriz, Türkei .................................. 311

Hélène Sader Two Iron Age stamp seals from Tell el-Burak, Lebanon ..................................... 321

Contents

ix

Wilfred G. E. Watson Loanwords in Phoenician and Punic ..................................................................... 327

José Á. Zamora The Phoenician inscription on an alabaster urn from the “Laurita Necropolis” in Almuñécar (Granada, Spain). A new edition and interpretation ...................... 347

Paolo Merlo L’iscrizione presunta fenicia AHI 8.015 di Kuntillet ʿAjrud. Un riesame dei dati 371

Fiorella Scagliarini L’alfabetizzazione nella religione araba preislamica e nei primi secoli della civiltà islamica ................................................................. 381

Section III. History – History of Religions – Historiography

Anna Maria Gloria Capomacchia I temi eroici nelle religioni del Vicino Oriente antico .......................................... 387

Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault Le dieu de l’orage, la grêle et le « Grand Froid ». Notes sur la continuité de la culture syrienne antique et ses relations avec la civilisation du Proche-Orient ancien ................................ 397

Marie-Claude Trémouille Remarques sur Comana de Cappadoce et sa déesse ............................................. 407

Simon Wyatt – Nicolas Wyatt The longue durée in the beef business .................................................................. 417

Paola Negri Scafa L’ambito religioso a Nuzi. Questioni concernenti il personale cultuale ............... 451

François Bron Divinités féminines en Arabie du Sud préislamique .............................................. 461

Sergio Ribichini Agros e Agruheros. Immagini e gente d’un tempo che fu .................................... 467

Federico Mazza A proposito di letteratura fenicia e punica. Riflessioni su alcuni aspetti della produzione intellettuale nel mondo fenicio e punico e sul ruolo della cultura ellenistica ........................... 479

Marie-Françoise Baslez Du marzeaḥ aux « confréries joyeuses ». La commensalité sacrée dans le Proche-Orient hellénisé ..................................... 491

Giampiera Arrigoni Il giuramento di Cidippe nell’Artemision di Delo ................................................ 505

Marisa Tortorelli Ghidini Uovo, tunica splendente e nuvola. Una triade orfica in Damascio ....................... 519

Contents

x

Giuseppe Garbati Tradizione, memoria e rinnovamento. Tinnit nel tofet di Cartagine ..................... 529

Mohamed Tahar De la prosternation des Carthaginois .................................................................... 543

Giuseppe Minunno A note on Ancient Sardinian incubation ............................................................... 553

Mª Cruz Marín Ceballos La diosa astral ibérica y sus antecedentes orientales ............................................ 561

Francisco Marco Simón Salpina, ¿Proserpina? A propósito de un texto execratorio de Córdoba (AE 1934, 23) ........................... 581

Nicholas C. Vella Vases, bones and two Phoenician inscriptions. An assessment of a discovery made in Malta in 1816 .......................................... 589

Massimo Cultraro Angelo Mosso e la “religione mediterranea”. Alla ricerca delle radici del sacro tra materialismo e scienze neurobiologiche .... 607

Riccardo Di Donato Il giovane Pettazzoni, l’antico e le religioni. Premesse di storia della cultura ..... 619

Nicola Cusumano Aspetti della storiografia moderna su ethne e religioni nella Sicilia antica .......... 629

Hedwige Rouillard-Bonraisin Alberto Giacometti et les Baʿalim du Levant. Rêveries sur une possible inspiration .................................................................... 643 Indices

Topics .................................................................................................................... 659

Texts ...................................................................................................................... 663

Words .................................................................................................................... 674

A fragment of a Neo-Sumerian barley record

Francesco Pomponio, Messina

The friendship between Paolo Xella and the writer was born about thirty years ago together with the first issue of the periodical Studi epigrafici e linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico (SEL), of which they were the co-editors, to say nothing of Sergio Ribichini. And since my first Neo-Sumerian tablet was published in an article in SEL, I deemed it advisable that the two thousandth text, or approximately, should appear in the Anniversary Volume dedicated to Paolo. True, that first tablet was intact and the present one is only a large fragment, but the tread of Old Father Time is heavy and after all clay tablets are not indestructible.

This large fragment of one side of a Neo-Sumerian tablet belongs to a private collection in the noble Piedmontese city of Ivrea. Its owner is Mr Aurelio Carugo, to whom my heartfelt thanks go for his permission to study and publish the text, as well as to Dr Giovanni Bergamini (Museo Egizio, Turin) who mentioned this interesting collection to me.

The fragment (110.2 x 7.7 x 1 cm) was part of a record of amounts of barley, which vary from 120 sìla to 10 gur. The reason for these allotments is no longer legible, but it is likely that it was agricultural. This seems to be suggested by the insertion, among the recipients of the barley, of the names of some plots of land (gaba a-šà-gíd-da: II 9; a-šà pú Ku-li: II 16; a-šà pú Si4-mu: III 3). The few profes-sion names, still readable, related to the recipients of the barley, refer both to agricul-tural activities, with the nu-bànda-gu4 Inim-Šara (II 11) and the engar Ur-nigar (II 13), and to other kinds of work: breeding (sipa: II 6; kurušda: II 18), masonry (šitim: II 8) and craftwork (ad-kupx: III 10'), besides the assistant šeš-tab-ba (II 4).

The prosopographic data and the name of the fields prove that the text comes from Umma (see the commentary to some lines, infra).

Ivrea, 6

I 1') [ a]-┌šà┐DA ┌x┐ / [?] AN LU GIŠ

2') [ ] ┌x┐gu4 3') [ ] ┌Á┐-nin-gá/-ta 4') [ ] ┌AN┐ 5') [ ] ┌lú┐ 6') [ ] ┌KAL?┐

broken

II 1) 2 3/5 [gur] 2) Ur-┌x┐ 3) 3/5 Lú-Gír-suki

Francesco Pomponio

176

4) 2/5 KA-dŠára šeš/-tab-ba 5) 1 gur 6) Šeš-kal-la sipa 7) 1 2/5 3/30 gur 8) Ur-giš šitim 9) gaba a-šà-gíd-da 10) 9 gur 11) Inim-dŠára nu-bànda/-gu4 12) 2 gur 13) Ur-ni9-gar engar 14) ┌2/5?┐ 3/30 A-du-du 15) ┌3/5?┐ Lugal-pa-è 16) [a-]šà pú Ku-li 17) [?]+1 2/5 3/30 gur 18) Ur-dŠára kurušda 19) [?] 2/5 3/30 gur 20) [A]-da-làl 21) [ ] ┌x┐ Du-┌du┐/-┌x┐

broken

III 1') ┌3/5 X┐-[ ] 2') Ur-┌x-x┐ 3') a-šà pú Si4-m[u] 4') 2/5 Šà-da-nu-kiri6 5') 4/5 a-rá-1-kam 6') 1/5 3/30 a-rá-2-kam 7') 1 2/5 3/30 a-rá-3-kam 8') A-ab-ba 9') 1 gur 10') Nam-ha-ni ad-kupx 11') 10 gur 12') Lú-du10-ga dumu / Lugal-pa-è 13 ') 1/5 3/30 Ha-da-da 14') 2 g[ur] 15') Ha-ba-lu5-g[é] 16') 4/5 Ur-┌x┐[-x] 17') 3/5 ┌X┐[- ] 18') 2 [ ]

broken

IV 1') ┌x┐- [ ] 2') ┌x┐- [ ] 3') 6+[ ] 4') Na-[ ] 5') 1 [ ] 6') ┌X┐-[ ]

broken

A fragment of a Neo-Sumerian barley record

177

II 6. The sipa Šeškalla is mentioned in a short text of rations (še-ba) of Umma for the shepherds of the governor (Torino I, 461 rev. 2: (AS 4 V).

II 11. An Inim-Šara with the function of nu-bànda-gu4 is mentioned in another

two records of barley (UTI 3, 2023 obv. 3: ŠS 3; MVN 21, 412 obv. VI 15: IS 1) and in about thirty registers of agricultural works dated from AS 6 (BPOA 7, 2365 obv. 5; UTI 4, 2812 rev. 1) to IS 3 (SAT 3, 1989 obv. 7).

II 13. The engar Ur-nigar is cited in two dozen texts dated between Š 43 (Fish,

MCS 7, p.22 BM 105330 obv. I 2', 23') and ŠS 5 (Grégoire, AAICAB 1/1, Ashm. 1911-487 obv. 2; Nisaba 24, 26 obv. IV 22; Fish, MCS 6, p. 10, BM 106041 obv. IV 11, 30, VI 3, 11, all records of the hides and carcasses of oxen). It should be noted that, strangely enough, in Brinkman, AOAT 25, p.54 W 2/12 obv. 1 (AS 7) there is a mention of Ur-ni9-gar engar as “dead” (ba-ug7), replaced by a son of his, Ur-gigir. This name is characterized as dumu of Ur-nigar already in SET, 243 obv. II 8, dating to Š 35.

II 16. The “field of the well of Kuli” is cited also in two registers of agricultural

work in various fields of Umma (Nisaba 24, 10 rev. I 28-29: IS 1[?]; 20 obv. II 8, undated).

II 18. A kurušda named Ur-Šara is cited as the supplier of an amount of silver for

the oxen of Agugu in SANTAG 6, 213 (ŠS 1). III 3'. The “field of the well of Simu” is cited in two dozen tests, dated between Š

45 (Syracuse, 258 rev. 1) and ŠS 1 (MVN 16, 1522 rev. 1; UTI 3, 1941 obv. 2). It was sited near the “field of Šulpae” (BPOA 1, 866 obv. 4–5; MVN 16, 1522 obv. 3–rev. 1; 18, 368 rev. 22'–23'; UTI 3, 1941 obv. 2–4) and the “field of Ninurra” (AOS 32, P 17 obv. 5, rev. 3; MVN 16, 1171 rev. 1), and then belonged to the district of Apišal (see UNT I/2, pp.138 F and 191 F). It had a weir (Princeton 1, 438 rev. 2–3) and a threshing floor (AnOr 1, 98 obv. 1; BPOA 1, 866 obv. 4–5; Nisaba 23, 10 obv. 2; SET, 130 rev. I 41; UTI 4, 2837 obv. 2; 2943 obv. 5) and it was under the control of the above mentioned nu-bànda-gu4 Inim-Šara (UTI 5, 3013 obv. 4–5; see also the mention of the kišib Inim-Šara in connection with this field in BPOA 1, 893 rev. 1; 6, 189 rev. 8; 7, 1731 rev. 2; 1826 obv. 5; 2342 rev. 2; 7, 1826 obv. 5; MVN 14, 305 obv. 6; UTI 3, 2099 rev. 7; 5, 3390 rev. 7).

III 4'. That Šà-da-nu-kiri6 (var.: Šà-da-nu-giškiri6 in Nisaba 6, 12 obv. V 2; 27

obv. VII 11) is a personal name, and not a personal name (Ša-da) followed by the profession name “gardener”, seems to be demonstrated by the list of barley rations Nisaba 6, 12 obv. V 2, where it is the name of a géme-uš-bar, by MVN 16, 949 obv. 6, where it must be the name of a géme a-ru-a, and by the “messenger text” Nisaba 1, 283 obv. 9. Therefore, in the list of barley rations MVN 20, 81 obv. 1, where Šà-da-nu-kiri6 is followed by the divine name dGu-la, it is more probable that we have a more complete form of this personal name than the meaning “Šada, the gardener of Gula”. However, a giškiri6 of Gula may be mentioned in BPOA 2, 2061 rev. 2.

III 13'. The personal name Ha-da-da is cited exclusively in Umma tablets, proba-

bly in reference to a single official. Some references to him (Nisaba 24, 12 obv. II

Francesco Pomponio

178

13; Š 39; cereal products; AnOr 7, 125 rev. 12'; AS 1; gold; SAT 3, 1964 rev. 2 and seal; IS 2; barley) are followed by MU, which may be the profession muhaldim or a suffix on the personal name; the former interpretation is suggested by the seal leg-end: Ha-da-da(-)MU / dumu Lugal-má-gur8-re (SAT 3, 1964), in connection with the formula kišib Ha-da-da(-)MU. The simpler formula kišib Ha-da-da occurs in BPOA 6, 71 rev. 5 (AS 8; flour); MVN 21, 411 rev. 2 (AS 8; barley); Nisaba 6, 6 obv. II 14 (AS 8; grain); SNAT, 472 rev. II 4 (ŠS 2; wool); SANTAG 6, 340 rev. II 35 (IS 2; foodstuffs).

Abbreviations

AAICAB: Archives administratives et inscriptions cunéiformes de l’Ashmolean Museum et de la Bodleian Collection d’Oxford.

AnOr: Analecta Orientalia. AOAT: Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Ge-

schichte des Alten Orients und des Alten Testaments. AOS: American Oriental Series. AS: Amar-Suena. BM: British Museum (inventory number). BPOA: Biblioteca del Próximo Oriente Antiguo. IS: Ibbi-Sîn. MCS: Manchester Cuneiform Studies. MVN: Materiali per il Vocabolario neo-sumerico. Nisaba: Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi. SANTAG 6: N. Koslova, Ur III-Texte der St. Petersburger Eremitage. Wiesbaden 2000. SAT: Sumerian Archival Texts. SET: T. B. Jones – J. W. Snyder, Sumerian Economic Texts from the Third Ur Dyn-

asty. Minneapolis 1961. SNAT: T. Gomi, Selected Neo-Sumerian Administrative Texts from the British Mu-

seum. Chiba 1990. Š: Šulgi. ŠS: Šu-Sîn. Torino I: A. Archi – F. Pomponio, Testi cuneiformi neo-sumerici da Umma

NN.0413-0723, I. Torino 1995. UNT: G. Pettinato, Untersuchungen zur neusumerischen Landwirtschaft I. Napoli

1966–1967. UTI: Die Umma-Texte aus den Archäologischen Museen zu Istanbul.

A fragment of a Neo-Sumerian barley record

179

Figure

Fig. 1 Ivrea, 6