PREFACE.

it agnide to the better oomprehension hy English reedex-s

ol the immortal works of Robert -

os and Walter Seott,M oi the benutiful Seottish poetryto be found in the aneien t

w dmodemballads snd songs oi the “N orth Countrie,"—andnot only to the English but to sll other adminers of Scottish

limtumwhmitdifi'

ers iromthst ofEngland, nnd to preeentte themin eceessible nnd conven ient formsuch words ssmthe fi glish. or are altogether wanting in the latter. The

with his task , until it came to include large numbers of wordsderived fromthe Gaelic or Keltic, with which Dr. Jamieson ,

the best andmost copious Scottish Dictionary

says Dr. Adolphus Wagner, the erudite

iter of the Poems of Robert Burns, pub835,

“ is literally broadened a

and blotted, whose original

vi Preface.

the English,—like that of Lanmshire or Yorkshire - and not

entitled to be cal led alanguage. The truth iathat English

literary and social influences of London as the realmetropolisof both countries, especially after the transfer of the royalfamily of Stuart fromEdinburgh to London ,at the commencement of the seventeenth cen tury, favoured the in fusion of a

Latin elemen t into curren t English, which the Scotch wereslow to adopt.In the year 1870, the author contributed tvmpapers to

B lackwood’

sMagaz ine on The Poetry and Humour of the

Scottish Language.

”Those papa-

s are here reprin ted with

such copious additions as have extended the work tomorethan treble its original dimensions. The whole has under

gone careful revision and emendation, and will, it is hoped,be found to contain not only charactexi stic specimens of thepeculiar humour, but of the abounding poetical genius of theancient andmodern authors who have adorned the literatureof Scotland fromthe days of Barbour, Douglas,and Mon tgomery to those of Allan Ramsay, Bobert Burns, and WalterScott,and down to our own times.

November 1887 .

IN T R O DU C T ION .

THE SCO TTISH LANGUAGE AND ITS

LITERAR Y H ISTOR Y .

Tn lnwh nd Swtthh languagc is not amemdialwt asmanyEnglish people believe ; but atrue language, differing sometimes frommodern English in pronunciation , andmore fraquen tlyin the possession ofmany beautiful words, which haveceased to be English, and in the use of index ions unknown toliterary and spoken English since the days of the author ofPiers Ploughman and Chaucer. In fact, Scotch is for themost part old English. The English and Scotch languagesare bothmainly derived fromvarious branches of the Teuton ic ; and five hundred years ago,may be correctly describedas havin g been Anglo- Teutonic and Scoto- Teuton ic. Time has

0modern English , but has8 aliving speech .

two have lived apart,themselves under dis

The English,as far as it remainsis derived fromthe Dutch or

viii meme of Lowland Scotch.

The English bristles with ccnsonants. The Scotch is as

spangled with vowels as ameadow with daisies in themon thofMay. English, though perhaps themostmuscular andcopious language in the world, is harsh and sibilant ; while

almmas soft as the Italian . English songs, like those ofMoore and Campbell,l however excellent theymay be as

poetical compositions, are, for thmreasons, not so availableformusical purposes as the songs of Scotland. An Englishman, ii he sings of a pretty little girl,” uses words deficientin euphony, and suggests comedy rather than sentiment ; butwhen aScotsman sings of a bonn ie wee lassie," he employswords that aremuch softer than their English equivalen ts,ex press atenderer andmore romantic idea, and are infin itelybetteradapted to the art of the composee the laryn x of

the singer. And the phrase is but asample ofmany thou~sands of words thatmake the Scottish languagemoremusicalthan its English sister.

The word Teuton ic is in these pages used advisedly insteadof Sax on or Anglo- Saxon . The word “ Saxon is neverapplied in Germany to the German or High Dutch, or to anyof the languages that spran g out of it, known as Low Dutch.

Even in the little kingdomof Sax ony itself, the languagespoken by the people is always called Deutsch (or German ),and never Saxon . The compound wm'd Anglo- Smn is purelyan in ven tion of English writers atacomparatively late period.

‘ Neither of these was aunnglishman . And it is curious to note

Charles Dibdin andof the hlghatmerit ;

Inlrodnm'on.

Philology, even in the advanced period in which we now

Brak at the best but ablind and groping seience. It has

having been anticipatedmainly by shallow sciolists,who based

A by nomeans unfair specimen of the class accounted for thevnlsu wwd “mrmw -

sm" aw n'upfion of asparagus ; by

“sparrow and “ grass,” on the assumption that the herb wasaspecies of grass to which spamws were partioularly partial.Many of the etymologies which English literature owes to

Dr. Samuel Johnson, his ptedeceworsand succem,in the lex i

mgmphie industry, are frequentlyas ludicrously ill - founded.

Tbe name of the Southamportion of Great B iitain has beenderived fromasupposed German tribe, who with the Jutesand Suons invaded the island after the departure of the

tion for the confiden t statement that the name of “ Angleswas ever borne by or known to any German tribes. The

invaders of the east coast of Britain , both North and South,

“ mark, Holland, and Belgium, and brought their laws andis the Keltic or Gaelic an, the defin ite article, andwhich the db are not pronounced), which sign ifiesor the Celts ; whence Awasl, and not Angle .

interpretation, still too firmly fixed in tbe

the learned and the unlearned to be easilystrengthened by apunning complimen t paid

to aparty of British youth of

into slavery in Rome, and which

Dictionary of Lowland Scotch

that they oughtmore properly to be denominated Angela, asit would be apity that the Prince of Darkness should en joyso fairaprey,and that so beautiful afrontispiece should coveramind so destitute of internal graces and righteousness .

”

The epithet Anglo - Saxon ," now so frequen tly applied to

the natives of South Britain , is of recent origin , and was

not known in the golden age of English literature, when

Shakspeare and Spenser flourished, nor until the second halfof the eighteenth century . Great Bri tain was known to theRomans as Angliacenturies before the Saxons, or that sectionof themerroneously supposed to have been called Angles,established themsel ves in any part of the country. It was

not until the Hanoverian family of the Georges had giventhree sovereigns to the country that courtly writers began totalk of th e AnglmSammorigin of the people, and that the

epithet finally became synonymous with “ English.

"It is

true that in the time of the Romans asmall portion of theeastern coast of Anglia, immediately opposite BelgiumandHolland, was called the Saxon shore. The name was givento it fromthe fact that suwessive swarms of Flemish, Dutch,and Danish pirates had succeeded in forming settlements on thelittoral

,though they had never been able to penetrate into the

inte rior of the country . The Gael, or Celts, called these piratesSummit, as the Southern English are called to this day bythe Gaelic and Keltic—speaking people of Wales, Ireland,andScotland. The word did not originally aignifyaGerman or

The Scottish people, though theydo not hate the English astoomanyof the Irishun fortunately do, remark with pride thatSwflw d is anation of itaelh that it can boast ofan an tiquity“ venerable and ofahistoryas illustriouaas that cf its larger

realm—the thmn e of which one of its native Hap mnded

Introduction .

h ghshmen . Ey the Act of U n ion hetween the two nations,the names of Englandand Scotlandwere legislativelyabolished,

h ated those of Great Britain , and not the army, navy, andgovernment of either En gland or Scotland.

But popular usage in South Britain and at the seat ofgovernment has proved itself stronger than the Act of Par

liament, andmany of the Scotch themselves, yielding to theliterary and colloquial fashio

n set by the South, find themselves speaking, sometimes in praise, sometimes in blame, oftheMich Government. It cannot, however, be affirmedthat the objection taken bythe northern nation to the southern

usurpation of the epithet English is in any wayunreasonable,founded as it is upon the commonly received if not un iversalopin ion that the English receive their name fromthe GermanAngles.

”The Southern English believe this fable,and not

aware of the fact that theyare not baliaomuch German asand call it sentimen tal, and unworthy of practical consideration . But if Angles are in reality “ Angsel

”or the Gael, the

Scottish and Northern British peopleare quite asmuch Angus!“

or fi glish as those of the south, and the English Governmentof the wholejealousy of the

the South British

which it is based.

fact that acolonybut that the whole

x ii mumof Lowland Smith.

The principal components of the Scottish tongue, as dis

not fromGerman or High Dutch, but fromthe Low Dutch,comprisingmany words once possemed by the English, butwhich have become obsolete in the latter ; secondly,wordaandindex ions derived fromthe Dutch or Flemish, and Dan ish ;thirdly, words derived fromthe French, or fmmthe Latinthrough aFrenchmedium; and fourthly, words derived fromthe Gaelic or K eltic language of the Highlands,and of Ireland.

Asmgards the firstmumit is interesting to note that in

those ancient and ex cellent alliterative poems, the Visionand “ Creed

” of Piers Ploughman, there occur about two

thousand obsolete English or Anglo Teutonic words,many of

which are still retained in the Scottish Ie wlands ; and that inthe Glossary to Tyrrwhitt’s edition of Chaucer there occurupwards of six th ousand words which need ex planation to

modern English readers, but fully one half of which M d no

ex planation whatever to aScotsman. Even Shakspeare is

becoming obsolete, and uses upwards of two thousand fourhundred words whichMr. Howard Staunton , inmany respectshismost judicious editor, thinks it necessary to collect in aglossary for the bette r elucidation of the tex t. Many of thesewords are perfectly familiar to aScottish ear, and require no

interpreter. It appears fromthese facts that the Scotch isa farmore conservative language thanmodern English, and

thatalthough it does not object to receive new words, it clingsreverently and afl’

eotionately to the old. The consequence ofthismingled tenacity and elasticity is, that it pom a

vocabulary which includes for aScotsman’s use every word

Introduction.

retain ingall the old words of the language, to eliminate fromevery wordall harsh or unnecessary consonants. Thus it has

for awful ;usa’, for small ; andmanyhundreds of similar abbreviationswhich detract nothing fromthe force of the ideaor the clearnew of themean ing, while they soften the roughness of theex pmssion . No such power resides in the English or the

French, though it once resided in both, and very little of it in

the Germmh ngmgathough it remains in all those Europeantongues which trace their origin to the Low Dutch. The

Scottish poet or versifiermaywrite ja’ or “ fall ” as it pleaseshim, but his English compeermust wri te “ fall ” withoutabbreviation Another source of the superior euphony of theScote - Teutonic is the single diminutive in fo,and the doubleM utin in kiaformed fromoch or ock, or pouibly fromthe Teumic Mmmddchmahtdemdd wb ichmay be

W e, child,little child, very little child ; bird, birdie,

Mikk ; and lass, Ion ic, lan ock, Matilde, drc.

1 A very few

Mish nouns remain susceptible of one of these two diminuThe superior beauty of the Scottish forms of theobvious. Take the following lines fromHector

I held her tomy beating heart,Myyoung,my smiling lawmic.

While these abbreviations and diminutives increase not

only themelody but the nai ve“ and arehn ess of the spokenlanguage, the retention of the old and strong inflex ions of

verbs, that are wrongfully called irregular, contributes verymuch to its force and harmony, giving it at the same timeasuperiority over themodern English, which has consen tedto allowmany useful preterites and past- participles to perishaltogether. In literary and conversational English there isno distinctive preterite for the verbs to beat, to bet, to bid, toforbid, to cast, to hit, to hurt, to put,and to set ; while on lythree of them, to beat, toMaud to forbid, retain the pastparticiples beaten, bidders, and forbidden. The Scottish language, on the con trary, has retained all the ancient forms ofthese verbs ; and can say,

“ I canal cood ,and I have cadeaastone,

"or

“ I put, I pot, or I have putten onmy coat,” “ I

hurt, I hurled, or I have buriesmyself,” and “ I let, I loot, orI have lattes, or lootea, fa’my tears," &c.

Chaucermade an efi'

ort to introducemany French wordsinto the courtly and literary English of his time, but withvery slight success . No such systematic effort wasmade byany Scottish writer, yet, nevertheless, in consequence of the

social—aoonsiderable number of wm-ds of French origin crept

with atenacity that is not likely to be relaxed as long as the

themost racy and charactsristic of the difl’

erences betweenthe E

‘nglish and the Scotch. It will be

the following z—Tofmh one’

s self,

Introducttbn .

tempered, courteous—fromdam, soft ; dour, grim, obdurate:well to do in worldlyaflaim—fmmbiaawellwwhet adishfromen tails, aplate ; acreel, afish - basket—fnomoreille, a

baskeh agigot ofmutton - fromgigot aleg ; awmrie,alinenpress, or plate- cupboard—frommoire, amovable cupboardor press ; bonnie, beautiful and good— fromboa, good ; airlesand atria-

penny,mmey paid in advance to seal abargainfrommhmadeposit on account ; bndz ie,afight or dispute- frumJembmn'

ller, to quarrel ; outlast,alad— fromgalant,c lover ; brow, fine

sorrow—fromdead ; owed ,agooseberry (which, be it said inparenthesis is apopular corruptkmfromgorse berryy- fromM e ; taupie. athoughtless, foolish girl, who does not look

. before her to see what she is doing—fromtaupe amole ; andW the Scottish national dish (

“ Fair fa’ its honest, sonsie£ace l ")—fromhachia, ahash ; pawn, peacock— frompaoa;mddfl ayoungman acting as aporter ormessenger— immThe Teutonic words derived immediately fromthe Dutch

and Flemish, and following the rules of pronunciation ofthose languages,are ex ceedingly numerous. Among these are

English adopt the Germanas distinguished frombut,

but is

violent, fierce—fromfol ,

woman’s cap—frommute ;

rok apetticoat or jupon ;ormake afool of— frornlecr, doctrine or leaming ;

Dictionary of Lowland Scotch.

bane or bain ,abone—frombeen ; paddock s toad—frompad ;coy,chad— fromkaf, straw ; yoolty, itchy—fromMan itoh ;dytato fall heavily or sudden ly to the ground—fromHoyt,the sward, and Iduyter, to fall on the award ; blythe, lively,good- humoured, frombig/dc, contented.

in the names of places and in the colloquial phraseology of

everydaylibe . Among these,and cairn will recur to thememory of any one who has lived

rature. Gillie, aboy or servant ; grieve, a land- steward or

agen t, are not only ancient Scottish words, but have latelybecome English. Loqfi the open pdmis derived fromtheGaelic lamb (pronounced (of or law), the hand ; cuddle, to

dachamavillage— immclash,astone,and clachwn, the stones ;

anon, to humatune—fromcruin, to lament ormoan ; boat's,acityor boroughmagistrate—frombails, atown ;may serve

as specimens of themany words which , in the natural inter»

been derived fromthe ancient Gaelic by themoremodernFour centuries ago, the English or Anglo - Teutonic, when

much greater resemblance to the Scoto- Teuton ic than it has

u he was one of the bsst of the Soottish poetg and supposedto have bsen born in x465, in the reign of James IIL in

Scotland and oi Edward IVJ n England wrotssamong other

the Bose.

” This compotifionmthe people of both countries. It was dmigaed to commemoratc

1mm”. xvu

and which gave the Stuarts their title to the British throne.

Dun bar wrote in the Scotch of the literati rather than in

that of the common people,” did KingJames I . at an earlierperiod, when, amptive in Windsor Castle, he indited his

beautiful poem, “ The King’s Quair,” to celebrate the grace

married. The “ Thrissel and the Rose is oulyarchaic in itsmthogmphy, and contains no words that acommon ly welleducated Scottish ploughman cannot at this dayunderstand,though itmight puzzle some of the clever U niversitymen whowrite for the Iondon press to in terpret it without the aidof agim. Were the spelling of the following passagesW ed, it would be found that there is nothing in anysubsequent poetry, fromDunbar’

s day to our own, with

which it nesd fear acomparisonQuhenMercbewas with variand windia, past,And Apryll back“, with her silver shouris

Tune leifat nature, with ans orient b last.And lustyMay. thatmudder is of flouris .

Hadmaid the birdis to begyn their hourisAmong the tender odouris reid and qubyt ,Qubeis harmony to hair it was delyt.In bed atmorrowe, sleipingas I lay.M ocht Aurora, with her crystal sen .

ln at the window lukit by the day.

upspring l

supposed to have

x viii MM J LW W W

-k outboGreen ,

"written nw -ly thrce hundredand twen tyycus ago,lmade uce of tbe language of the peasan try to describe the

an embly of the laues and their wooers tbat came to tbe

Khflu ot tbe lk cs- Hj nmh l hcht .c l pruccd wi

'monyplaitis .

”

His description of “0illie is equsl to anything inRamuy or Bumaand quite as in telligible to the

peasantry of ths present day :

Ofall thirmaidemmild asmeidWasme saygympas Gillie ;

As ony rosc ber rude was reid,

Hir lire was like the lily.

Bot allomullow was hir hsid,And sche of luif sae sillie ,

Sche wuld hae bot swcitWillie.

Captain AlexanderMontgomery, who was attached to the

service of the RegentMurray in 1577, and en joyed a

penaion iromK ing James VIq wrotemany posms in which

tbe beauty, the snengtmand themhness of the Scottish

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

x x D ictionary of Lowland Scotch.

in the popular gatherings of themultitude at fairsand festivals. These ballads, which often receivedan English colouringin travelling southwards, were highly esteemed for at leastthree centuries before the days of Shakspeare . The greatpost was himself familiar with them, as is shown bymorethan one quotation fromthemin his immcrtal works.

Since the time when James V I . attracted somany ofhis poorcoun trymen to England, to push their fortunes at the ex pen seof Englishmen ,

who would have been glad of their places, tothe day when Lord Bute's administration under George III .

made all Scotsmcn unpopular for his sake, and when Dr.

Samuel Johnson , who was of Scottish ex traction himself [theson of aScot, established as abookseller ia icester],andpretended to dislike Scotsman—the better perhaps to disguisethe fact of his lineage, and turn away suspicion—up to thetime of Charles Lamb and the late Rev. Sydney Smith, it hasbeenmore or less the fashion in England to indulge in jokesat the ex pense of the Scottish people, and to portray themnot

on lyas overhard, shrewd,and canny inmon eymatters, butas utterly insensible to wit.

”Sydney Smith, who was awit

himself,and very probably imbibed his jocodty fromthe conversation of Edinburgh society, in the days when in that cityhe cultivated literature, as he himself records,upon alittleoatmeal, is guilty of the well - known assertion that “ it takesasurgical operation to drive ajoke into aScotsman 's head.

"

It would be useless te en ier into anydiscussion on the difiet»

ences between “ wit” and humour,” which aremany, or even

to attempt to define the divergency between wit”and what

the Scotch call “wut ;”but, in contradiction te the reversnd

joker, it is necessary to assert that the “vat " of the Scotch

is quite equal to the“ wit

" of the English, and that Scottishhumour is superior to any humour

Introduction .

thing, however, which perhaps Sydney Smith intended whenhe wrote, without thinking very deeply, if at all, aboutwhat he said ; the Scotch as arule do not like,and do not

understand banter, or what in the curren t slang of the dayis called “ chad .

"In “ chad " and “ banter ”

there is but

little wit, and that little is of the poorest, and contains no

humour whatever.

“ Chad "is simply vulgar impertinence ;

and the Scotch being a plain and

1,00t 1,are Slow to M 4

3. i s: o

'

and unable to appreciate it.But with wit, or

“wut,” and hm , that amdeserving

of the name, they are i: dantly familiar ; and their veryseri ousness enables themto en joy themthe more . The

wittiest ofmen are often themost serious, if not themddcstandmostmelancholy m ThomHood, Douglas Jerrold,and Artemus Ward), and if the shortest pm’

ble refutation ofSydney Smith’

s assertion wemrequ’md, itmight be found

in the works of Burns, Smtt, and Christopher N orth .

Were there no wit and humour to be found in Scotand ex

cept in the wri tings of these thmillustrious Scotmen,

be enough and to spare tomake an end of th isi t and to show bymmparmthat, wit and

to Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, or ProfemorIn what English poemof equal length is there to

such true p thos and knowledge of life

of English writers, exceeds for wit and

equal to the Laird of Logan ,

x x ii Dictionary of Lowland Score/r.

stories that have been fathered upon JoeMiller—one of the

mostmelancholy ofmen—are but dreary reading, dependingas theymostly do for their point uponmere puns and playsupon words, and to agreat ex ten t being ‘

utterly deficient inhumour. It seems to require some in fusion of Keltic blood inwit ; for

- the dullest of all European peoples are without exception those in whomthe Keltic least prevails . There is

little or no wit or sense of wit in the peasantry of the South

of England, though theremay be some degree of coarsehumour. Whereas the Scottish and the Irish peasan try arebrimful both of wit and humour. I f any one would wish to

have acompendiumof wisdom, wit, humour, and abundantknowledge, kindlyas wellasunkindly, of human nature, let himlook to Allan Ramsay's Collection of Scots Proverbs," wherehe will find amore perfect treasury of “

pawkie,” “ cann ie,”

cantie,”shrewd, homely,and familiar philosophy than English

literature afl'

ords . And the humour and wit are not only inthe ideas, but in the phn seology, which is un translateable .

Scottish poetry and pathos find their equivalents in Englishand Teuton ic, but the quaint Scottish words re fuse to go in toany other idiom.

“ A man's aman for a' that —strong.characteristic, and nervous in the Scottish Doric

,fades away

into attenuation and banal ité when the attempt ismade to

mnder the noble phrase into a ch or Germaml talian or

become weak by the subsh’

tution of “all that,”for themore

emphatic “a’ that. ” Translate into literary English the

couplet in “ Duncan Gray," w which the rejected lover ofMaggie

Grut his e’en baith bleer’tand blin

Spak o'

lowpin owcralin~

Inboductron . x

parent. In the same way, when Lusth, the poorman’

s dog,

explain s'

to his aristocn tic friend what a hard time the

poor have of it aliteral tranalation of the pmge into col

loquial English would utterly demi ve it of its tenderness andhumour

A cotter Lorettain aduck.Wi’ dirty stance biggin aright .

Baringaqw ryand sic like ;

H imse l'an”wife he thus sustains

And nocht but his hand domto keepThemrightand tight inM and rape.

The mytrie o'wee do is 9 I; ply in imitable,

and sets a fair English and emaparaphrmat defiance.

Time was Within “VIM a”

. WM the Scotch Of the

upper classes pridedwhen judges on the é dd imed thw judgments in thebroadest Scotch, and woold haves thought themaelmguilty ofpuerileand unworthy if they had preferred Englishwords or English aecom the language of their boyhood ;when admtes pleaded in the samiorm’ble tongue ; whenmin isters of religion fow d ambest way to the hurts and

to the understandin g of their congrep tions in the use of thelanguagemost familiar to themlves, as well as to thm

in the sparkl ing ‘enmunters of

fromthemonths 06 others is not

x x iv Dictionary of 1. 0d Scotch.

class Scotch are learn ing to follow their example. Themembers of the legal andmedical profession are afraid of theaccusation of vulgarity thatmight be launched against themif they spoke publicly in the picturesque language of theirfathers and grandfathers ; and the clergy are un learning inthe pulpit the brave old speech that was good en ough forJohn Knox [who was the greatest Angliciser of his day, and

was accused by Winyet of that fault],andmany thousands ofpious preachers who, since his time, have worthily kept alivethe faith of the Scottish people byappeals to their consciencesin the language of their hearts . In ceasing to employ theunadorned eloquence ”

of the sturdy vernacular, and usinginstead of it the language of books and of the Southern English,it is to be feared that toomany of these literary preachershave lost their former hold upon themind of the people, andthat they have sensibly weakened the powers of persuasion andcon viction which theymessed when their words were insympatheticunison with the current of thoughtand feeling thatflowed through the broad Scottish intellect of the peasantry.And where fashion leads, snobbismwill certainly follow, so

that it happens even in Scotland that young Scotsman of the

Dundreary class will sometimes boast of their inability to

understand the poetryof Burns and the romances of Scott on

accoun t of the difliculfies presented by the language l—as iftheir crass ignorance were athing to be proud of l

But the old language, though of later years it has becomeun fashionable in its native land, survives not alone on the

tongue but in the heart of the common people (and whereis there such acommon [oruncommon] peopleas the peasantryof Scotland l), and has estahlished for itself aplace in the

Worldand to the remotest part of the O ld, with the auri cmfamto lead theman to iortung hut whe never permit that

Introduction . x

Scotmen—to deaden their hearts to their native land, or to

render themindifierent to their native speech, themerestword of which, when uttered unexpectedly under a foreignaby, stirs upall the latent patriotiamin theirminds,and openstheir hearts, and if need be their purses, to the utterer. It

has also byakind of poetical justice established for itself ahold and afooting even in themodern English which affectsto igncme ituind

,thanksmore especially to Burns and Scott,

and, in aminor degree, to Professor Wilson ,and to the ad

miration which their gen ius has excited in England, Amerim,and Anstralia, has engraftedmany of its loveliest shoots upon

themodern tree of actually spoken En glish . Every year thenumber of words that are taken like seeds or grafts fmmtheScottish conaervatory,and transplanted into the fruitful EngEsh gaadmis on the incrmmas wfll be seen fromthe followinganthologyof specimenawhichmight have beenmade ten times” abundan t if it had been possible to squeese into one goblet

awhole tnn of hippocnene. Manyof these wordsare recognised

othersmin progressand pmcess ofadoption andassimilation ;andmanymore that are not English,andmay never become

place in the Dictionary ofalanguageword, let it come whence it will, that

of an old

and grmne and tkud,and weifl i, are all ofnoble pedigree, and were themost of themesfifteenth centuryas theyare fast becoming in

at home or abroad should, in goingepitomafail to diacover some favouriteto himin childhood, and that stirs up

1: Dictionary of Lowhad Scotch.

he “paidled in the burn, or stood by the trysting

- tree

“ tomeet his bonnie lassie when the kye cam' hams,”

joys and sorrows,— let himreflect that in cnlling apoeie

fromthe garden ; the posio must of nwessity bemanorthan the garden itself, and that the most copious of

selectorsmust omitmuch that he would have been glad toadd to his garland if the space at his disposal had permittedHemust also remember that all the growths of the guden

are not rare flowers, but that weeds, though worthy of respect

in their way,are not always of apprOpriate in troduction intowreaths and garlands ; and that the design of this D ictionarywas not to include all Scotticisms, but on ly those venerableby theirantiquity, quaint in their humour, touching in their

simplicity, oradmirable in their poeticmeaning.

The principal writers who have adorned the literature of

nameless and unknownminstrels to whomwe owe somany of

the rugged but beautiful ballads of the N orth Countrie,maybe fairly said to have commenced with Dun bar, Barbour,Henryson ,andMontgomery,and to have ended with ProfesmrJohn Wilson , author of the inimitable Noctes Ambrosianm”in B lackloood'cMagaz ine. The list is lon g, and includes inthe seventeen th and early years of the eighteen th centuriesthe names of WilliamCrawford, author

'

ofmany songs in

the purest vernacular of the pemnn'

y; of Hector MacNeil,whose ex quisite ballad of the “ Ex-aes of Yarrow "

wouldbe alone sufficient to place himhigh in themuster roll .

of Scottish poets ; and of Allan Ran say, author of the“ Gentle Shepherd, a pastoral poemof which the simple

for the last century,andwho collected into four vclumeaunderthe title of the “W W ,

" aU tbeM m

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x x viii D ictionary of 1. 0t Scotch.

and often gloomy in fanaticism, they have afiner andmorecopiousmusic, are fender of old romance and tradition , danceand son g, and have altogether amore poetical aptitude andappreciation than their English brethren . For one post

sprung fromthe ranks of the English peasantry, Scotland can

boast of ten , if not of ahundred. Ploughmen , shepherds, gardeners, weavers, tinklers, tailors, and even strolling beggars,have en riched the anthology of Scotland with thousands ofsongs and ballads of nomeanmerit. The whole land is asmusical with the voice of songas it is with torrentsand waterfalls. Everymoun tain glen, every strath and loch

, svayriverand stream, every grove and grassy knows, every castle,andalmost every cottage, has its own particular song, ballad,or legend ; for which the country is not somuch indebted toscholars andmen of learned leisureand intellectual refinement,as to the shrewd but hearty and passionate common people.

”

Of the Jacobite ballads, fromwhichmany quotau'ons appearin the following pagm, I saidat the same time

“ In the Jacobite songsmore especially, the humour was farmore conspicuous than the pathos. In the heat of the conflict,andwhen the struggle wasas yetunended,and its resultsuncertain, ridicule and depreciation of the enemy wereweaponsmoreeffective to stir the passions of the combatants than appealstomere sentiment, even if the sentiment were as elevated aspatriotism, oras tender as love and friendship. It was onlywhen the Jacobite cause had become utterly hmand when

its illustrious adherents had laid down their lives for it on the

bloodymoor of Culloden, or on the cruel block of Tower H ill,0? were

popular bards were so iar inspired as to be able to strike the

keynote of true poetry.

“ As the age was, so were

Introduction .

to its touch like the harp- string to the harper. From1688

to r 746 was the day of the common rhymers of the street or

feelings, rude humour, and coarsesay in language inte lligible alike to

them and the chief, the ploughman and the gentleman . And they were disputants who could hitas hard in thebattles of the tongue as they could, if need were, in the battleof swords and who could wield themusket and claymore inphysical as efl ectually as the sledge- hammer of invective inmoral warfare. Satire with themwas not “apolished razorkeen.

”but acudgel or a battering- ram; not athing that

merely drew blood, but that broke the skull and smashed thebones. B ut after the fatal fight of Culloden the voice of thecoarse humorist, if not altogether silenced, was softened or

been atime to singand to dancq but itlamen tation had succeeded it. The

ed in the one epoch, - it was now the turn

vanquished and indignation against theemotions which had hitherto

music that came fromScotland cameand fromdesolate and all but depopu

x x x Da'

chbnaty of Lowland Scottie.

fortune, became firmas the mcks in the tempests cf

calamity .

Among the accomplished ladies who between the’

45 andthe advent of Burns adorned the poetical literature, the namesof Lady Anne Lindsay,Mrs. Grant of (h i-ran , Lady Grime!Baillie, Mrs. Cockburn, Mrs. Crawford, and Miss B lamirecholy ballads which they wrote to the beautiful oldmelodiesof their country, and which still retain their place amid allthe changes of themusical taste and fashion in our time .

Of the contemporaries of Robert Burns, whose reputationsseempale in the light of his gen ius, but who are still worthy

of their country,may be cited the names of the Rev. JohnSkinner, author of the renowned ballad of “ Tullochgorum,”The Ewie wi

'the Crooked Horn,” and other songs sti ll

popular ; WilliamJuliusMickle, the author of “There'

s nae

Luck shoot the Hoose," one of themost simply beautifulsongs that were ever inspired by the domestic affections ;Robert Ferguson , to whomBurns in aburst of poetic suthu

yard at Edinburgh ; Lapraik, Sample, and Logan, and in a

of “ The Land o’the Leal

Tannahill, the luckless Paisley weaver, who wrote“ Jessie

the Flower o’ Dunblane ; ” WilliamRoss, the author of

“ Eleonore ; ” and John Beattie, the luckles author of theadmirable poemof “ John o

’ Amha’ ” that contains wof wit, humour, and dm’

ptive power only emeeded hy theinimitable ‘ WillimMotherwell,very numercusmultitude of bards—allmm'e or lc aesteemedin Scotland—of which it would serve no good purpoae to

Introduction .

weapitulate the names, even if it weremsible to do so.

Favourable specimens of their writingsmaybe seen by all whomre to look for themin such collections asScottish Mhista'elsy" (six volumes), and the very numerouscollections issued fromthe Edinburgh paess fromthe beginningtill themiddle of the present cen tury.

But the greatest of all preservers of the Scottish language was undoubtedly the illustriousauthor of the WaverleyNovels .

”H e was aided in the congenial task of perpetuafing

that language by such lights of liCunn ingham, John Galt, andWalter Scott toweredm themall, andmed the

name and fame of Scothnd, as wellmthe quaint graces andtender amhaisms of the language, to the rmotsst partaof

umince the old Abbey ofThe generations that haveDryhurgbmmthe f

s of that greatest of the

3m, have lat Sight in mumOf the works Of the NSirWalter. But though ly eclip ed

'mpopularity, theyfirmly established among theM a of the ninotmth

wry, not only in his own country, but in France and Ger

islands, and in the vast American and Australian continentsthat are rapidly producing aliterature of their own . The

English language of the future will in all probability compri semany words not now used or understood on the south of the

Tweed, but that are quite familiar to the north of it, as

well as in the U n ited States and Australia. Such useful andpoetical wordsas thud,gloamin’

, eerie, dree,weird,and the othersalready cited, and which have been adopted fromthe ancien tScotch by the best English writers, are aclear gain to the

language, and are not likely to be abandoned.

Whate ver oblivionmayattend the works of the great bulkof Scottish writers, Robert Burns andWalter Scott will certainly live in the afi

'

ection of posterity ; and if some of theirwords have already become obsolete, their wit and humour,their earnestness and their eloquence, and the whole spirit oftheir teachings, wil l survive. To aid English readers in the

commehension of these immortal books,and to remind Scottishreaders of what they owe to the literary lights of their country,is one of themain objects of the present compilation . The

author, if he can be called theauthor, ormerely the artificer ofthis book, hopes that it will not on lyanswer this particular purpose, but servemore generally to impress upon theminds of thepeople of this age how rich is the language oi theirancestors,and what stores of literary wealth lie comparatively unknownand unregarded in the vernacular of what are irreveren tlycalled the “ common people.

”It is the common people” who

createand shape the language,and the “uncommon people,”known as authors, whoee duty it is to help to perpetuate it in

November 1887 .

OF Lowsi yn SCOTCH.

an at. m“wiry : aa

whichmay be Englished, “ An

early winter makes a surly

Airt, s polat oi the compass ; alsotodirect orshow the way. This

eaccllmt word ought to be

odomed into English. It comesheight.

“ Of a’

the oid s from

Aisle—Allie! Brass.

ten fromwhich the wind canblow.

"

O'a‘ the d rtr thc wind can lih z.l dearly lo

'

e thc west,Fmthuuthe bcunie hadeM,

Ths ln sie l lc'

e but—Bash .

0.

Wad s if tme tomyW ow s.

Alsls, alive coal that hihs out ofthe flre. It isasu'psrstltiou inEngland to cal-Lthe live coalsviolently ejected .fromthe fire

by the gas saturated in themby the nameir o! “

purses”or

collins.”qccordlng to the fan

ciful resemblance which theybear to theseitrticles,andwhich

family. Some such superstition

eesfisj o lie at the root of the

sumon ean «at brunt

- Susnaz Hallo-vi a.

Jamieson says the word wasusedmetaphoricallybythe poet

desolated byflreand sword. In

the Gaelic, Malaise signifies a

which has bcen suggested b omhazel or hazel - nut, fromthe

shape of the coal when ejected,

seems untenable. The Gaelicnasal , meaning joy, merrimen t, has also been suggestcd,as having been given bychildrcnto the flying embers shot out

Do ycmmRoh Jock,aud Hah,As thcymgirdcdulh ndic.While l amhurklln i’ lhcmc'

Thisword hasonlyrccentlybeenadmitted into the English dicIn Worccstcr

's and Webster

'

s

Dictionaries, published in the

United States,“ is inserted asaScotticism. Mr. Sta-month .

in his Etymolcgical Dictionary(r87r),derives it tromtheAmloo

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M oran the children that a

Scottiah word is acorruptionofataimM : fromth000elicto producc, to pour out.

Your hh jcsty,mostuccllent l

While nobles strive ro plme ye,Will ye acceptaccmplimanAah rple Bardic gi

‘

es ys i

Sfinhigq yrhcy hemyc l- Bvans : AM AM “

The followinglines, from“The

Anld Farmer'

s New Year's Salutation tohisAult rs,hiaggie,

"

show that Burns understood theword in its correct sense, though

ing of tiras instead of reen

My phugh h uow rbyld w tiuca'.Four p lh nt hrmu n c

'er did draw,

Forbyemmae l sclltawa',N umb-am:

‘

l‘

hcydn wme rhn ueen pcuadsan‘

twa,

Balml An OMIunabymmeHighlands, sung by nurws to

young childrcn . as iuths pathctic ballad entitled “ Lady Anue

Bab -v !myhahg lic stillacd elecp,

Bar'mb ’me—Bam-dry.

M ob which

hemis- translates " Be still ; ths

wolf is coming,“Bandstanone whomakesaband

l n hain tat the ahearirrg nac yourhanow

muw an mlw r and wriuklcdMm:

Ar fair or at pruching nac wooin‘ cr

Coaching ,

“ c lamo‘mc fwcuma’ weed

- Ku.ror :

their sparse loch , instead of

the lustyyouths who have dicdfighting icr thd r country. The

sir e! thismelancholy but vm-ybeautiful -cug is pure Gnelic.

Bane

idlc in the desh,

andmarrow.

in the common English phrase“ Bye ! bye !

" un adjuratieutosleep—“Go to W WW " and

ling.

” Jamieson hasadopteda

in this pathetic lament for“ the flowers

”o£ Ettr-ick Forest

—the youngmen slain at th edoleful battle ofmadden—themaidensmourn in artless lan

guage forthe’

loss oi their lovers,and grieve, as in this touching

ers in thc harvut- fleld are old

Bough —Badman).M inimal -“ districts .

And he ed h d amo ubomvmyTo gomdn b r- h

'ahigh.

8m, insipid. Males . without

flavom.umthe d fitmdve prom smma.

M mm in withouthm. )

AcidW m: bymMW? bu baffle ‘Mum0

.—B<m? 2$5: I ”My William,

M anampfion of hm.

awatch -wwex on aoaatle or fortrue. The derivation of barbimuhemme of aatmet in oldImdon, atmretainednafromthe Gaelic bar, a pinnacleer high place ; and Mom11

place of watching or chau'vafion. h umbeamiadflmdbumam- nu, asignalBahtAndw mw ymtbam.momma-pm“ ;

lh rlyfloottinh wmfl h nmtatn .

nnlmit boallied to thonnglishM to hinda, to impodo. tofrom; or kmthe GaelicMwmmmmming.

Bandw apet name tor aeat.

Bank—Beam}.

ofaoottage ;W M ,anameroof. Bunk h fromthe Engliahbu lb . of which the primarymanning was fromthe Gaelicboo, to hinder. to frustrate. andmapplied to the crom- beamofthe roof because it prevented

because disappointmentwas thepreven tion or hindering of the

fulfilment and realisation of

hope .

t n lyan leamhutmthe yild .

O r. wan tiu'

likc the k sh’

rdwd,Bedimcauld floreaa' hlut

An'

hailstanu drive v i‘ hitter t te.

Bawbie, n halfpenny—metephorically used for afortune by SirAlexander Boswoll, the son of

themore famous James Boswell,lt ooours in the song of “ Jen

Qnoth in .

”My saddens. nymph .

and qw n,

Vomheautydan lahaithmy e‘

cn .”

But deilahcauty had he aeen

Sir Almnder took the hint

of hiasong tromamneh older

one :

A‘

that c’ermy j eanie had.

Battle. 3 watch - dog ; apparently

we),ahouse. A favourite name

neoted with the Guelie pcna

Wi’memeleu k n’

h in an alehouu.

Beak or heck—common in Ayrnhine and Mourns—to sit by ufiremd expoaod to the full heatol it.

A lien.Tom e hh limhsand tnh hiamt.M hb bmsi andwfiean hcma,U ndc atreo lay in the tair tomt.—Romf flmmn £am5w rz rm:

Ti t h e

Bmont or hawnins. mnrkedwith white on the fnee, “

in oattle ; of nw ertnin etymology, but possibly connected

with ball , the forehead .

Theuirkmds i' themhu.

And our huv k tn iuyndeWill carryye hamyour eom:What vad yc heax. ye jade ?

Board na' iuBM ‘

cJen he bite (i n .

do nor play tricltaor jcst with the nmh.

domlut be bhe you).

Beck—Eid er.

—Bmws : To e-Mme.

Thiaword oeouu in Chaueernnd in many old l nglinh ro

H’

uw h lyw

—W ¢Sfr 0fl d .

Bums : Cafter? Satan -i cy N ight.

atum; nlso n qumel.rammmm‘m:

Bodynndmlmrminq queth he,l'

ll have thmhoth lw liquer.

Han a.

Beltain, the fire of Bel or Baal .kindled hy the Druids annunllyon the first morning of Maydirect fromthe rays of the sun.

Ben Ledi. in Perthshire—thehill of God,as the name sigui

fies in Gaelic—was themostn oted of all the hills. on the

summit of which this imposingmo ot Bel or Baal ie derivedfromthe Gaelicmmor baa

(eh silent), life. and wile, all ;whenee Bel, Beul , or Baal . thelife of all , and h i», 3 oomph

’

on of em, theare. The coremonymalso performd in ln

land in pee-Christian timmon

theeraof June. The word

5 g uof (“ goatm .

renee in the ballad poetry of

Scotland, and in conjunctionwith “ Yule cmOhristme is byphrase,

“ The love thnt is hotat

B lue—8 3111123.

Settlu n y stnfl'

wi'a'myakill

To le-op ium:

a pidmotion , and, in n

SirWalterScottrd cn to thc bkh n or battleahetvoan the

boys at Edinburgh High School and the

Gutterbluids of the streets. to “ Hallovc

’en

"Burns appliesW mthemotion ofmnning wnter

Whileaglisteoed to the nigbtly n yt .

—R . Ow nan .

Bide . to stop . to delay, to wait.to dwell orab ide .

Bield. n ahelter. Of uncertainetymology. perhaps fromMd.

Everyman bends to the bush he p u

- Au.nn Ramsay‘

s Sat: h awk .

Beneath the randomh ’

dd of dod orm- Bun u: To n ”main Dado .

pleasan t ; fromthe French blew.

well. LordNeammofopinion

Mbutuugguted uo other. Ifthe Frenoh etymology he inadmln ihh the Geelic oenmpplyplmnt, in good order ; which

is petimpathe true root of the

wood.

Whfle frony winds blav in thc drihBa to the chin lalng.

l audgeamthe grat tollz‘agia

M athe butand beu.

Will ye oome tomymm.

An'

driuk the v ine wi‘me l

—Bocm‘

s d nd n tw w .

fi llies fellows. oomrbden youngmen ,atermol familinrity nnd

When ehnombifl ialean them.

- Btmns :mamgiu up l lmk dn n vordato n o

Bier or beir, n hmeutfnmocn.

As l went fofth to tahl the l ir

Makingahmy ficr, l vot.While the uan dropped fme here’en,

And nye nhe n'

ghed nndaid Alas !ForJock o

'l'inn lgreen .

" M k 801W“ .mScorr audd ld ki: "10d

f l i csddua."

Jamieaon says thst bu’

rmotbier) is nllied to the l celandicby" , a tempest, and to old

Enslisb H . by" . bin . fame :but it is otmore pmbable originin the Gaelic buir, to lament.to whine ; whew e probahly theprevalence of the cuetomnmongthe Celtic nations ofmow ingover the dend body,and chnntoing the doleful coronach or

dath -wnil . cnme nfterwands tobe npplied to the biermr tahle .bonrd. or plnnk, on which the

corpse was ex tended, or the

comn in which itmplaced.

Yw Lad.

l AM (W min the enn ,

Whe emAnld Nick in ahape o‘

beast.

atwo-yar- eid helfer ; Nov-aid e,

n colt ; applied in derieion to n

veryyoungmnn who is livelybutY emyon l irfl t ea

’

dalomd,Whastrutsand stamnnd a' thnt.

M mthree lordabirfiq‘ nt the wine

Cathe dowie dens o’

Yarrow.

0h. sho has k ‘rfd thesemryyoungmen

With the nle, butmd the v ine.

M the thick hair or bn'

d laon

the beek of swine.

Themterw e themn kis .

Humph l qm'

ihq it’an‘

fiormy bin l

Bimereo orbisman the heeper ofa brothel, ahard ; fromthe

“ And besides, ye donnard cuie l"

continued Shamitlev ,

“theminister did

say that he thought he hnew nomethingof them d the bfib

’

c that spohemhimin the M "—8¢on : HM (I1134myou

'

re almost always fut uleep beforel

’

ve vell given outmy tex t ; but when anyof these youngmen fromSt. AndrewsM fmml seeyounemsleep nwhxk.

Now that’s what l eall no usingmuyonshould do.

”

“ iathnta'? l’

ll soon tell youthe reuon

o’

thal . Whenmwuch we a'

ken the

Wad o'

God iasaie in your hends ; butwhen thne young h

’

rb’

a lak it in hand,man ie i but it tak'

s us n'

to look alter

Birk to pomout liguomproheblyfromthe same rootaathe Englieh perl , as in the phme

“s.

purling strum," peobebly de

rived fromthe ancient but

now obeolete Gnelic bior, n well ;M . perte ining to n well or

l O

ther ; alsoaprostitute . Jamie'

son derives the word fromtheAnglo- Saxon ,and quotes Rudd

pollaere.

"The Gaelic deriva

tion ismore satisfactory than

called Anglo»8ax on, which is

but inchcate and primitive oldEnglish based upon corrupted

Celtic, with superadded Dutchand Flemish.

B itand brat. To earn “ bit undhrat " is to earn food and raiment ; fromthe Gaelic M ,

food, and but, arag. agurment, or clothing.

Bittock , asmall bit or piece .

When awayh rer on the roadasks of a chance pasta- byat what distance is the placeto which he is bound , the

probable reply is, that it is

two, three, orany other numberofmiles “andabmoek,” signiiying that the respondent wi ll not

pledge himselfto the exaotitudeof his reply. adding, with the

larly ascribed in England to

his countrymen , that theremaybe abittook added to his computation ; though the quali

{ound to emceed the primary

B itandm—BIacb-Mail.rent, tax , or tribute ; andmiia,abag,asack, apurse,abndgetto contain the tribute. Why

times to ensure the protectionof the herds of cattle psuingthrough their territories to

epithet of block has never been

has been supposed by some todesignate themoral turpitudeand blackness of character of

those who exacted such atax ,

and hy othere it has been con

jectured that blackmail derivedits name fromthe block cattleof the Highlands , {or whose

protection against th ieves andcaterans the tributewas levied ;while yetanother set of etymologists have set forth the opin iouthat place-mail, notM mail,was the proper word, derived

the plaque or place—in which

the tribute was supposed to be

collected. But asmd is undw btedly tromthe GaelicmdasM -mil was apurely fl ighland extortion , and so calledat a time when few resident

Highland chiefs and none of

is possible that uaet is not to

be taken in the Engish sense,

but that ithadJilte itsmociated

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M m ;md in cld Eng

Won-

center’s Dictionary de

wood, who is cne of the lnteet

M at hiadc eeemato hnvebeen exactly the reverse of

the preoent eeme. viz shiningwhite . It"radically identical with the

French blow . fromwhich it

diners only in the absence of

them-Incl ."

cafe-no «14mb een , to kindle

alight out of all this smoke .

Hnynot the renl root ol the l ngliah block (u n colonr) ho the

Gaelic Natal . or the Flemishblamw hnrn l Thntwhloh isbur-id iom A blach nnn ,

or negro. h one whooe nkin hu

heen tnnnedorhnmed bythem;

andm- buml in thiaeuemennsblackened. ltmbe aid of

rect or not. thnt ft ls nt nll

tor thh senue cf the word

Black—Watch anmeglmtothe

Highlmd rq iment . the hn ve

and oonqw ed inmmy n hnrdwon fleld in every pnrt ol the

required bo vindlcnte the fight

and nphold the hononr otGreat

replaced byanother,and so on

to the “crack otdoom. " Jeane.

eon supposed that the infernnld xpenoe wu so named fmmitscolour ; but possibly. nndmcreprohnhly. itmthmdeeignstedfromthe Gaelic W h ich. pro

M as heftng aproteotion

n the nnholy conmoot ex isted.

Blot—B lake 's .

the predomm-nt hoe . variedhy hh oh bq myd lowMpu in neme ot them. It ia

M and thnt thepopnlnr“ 0 01t t

w

Cu m mthet i- p o’

hell,

Thk dnyM‘K inh y tnlnes theMl,

And he’

s the hoy v illw her.

Ochon l oehon l criu l imghton,Thuemlmhorn

To n e the Bookie hurn rin hluid.MM n

'

the col-n .

—BOC8 AN'$Ant-aw Th

cajoler. n wheedler ; one who

s teady listener for n eelfieh or

Blether, to tnlk nomenee. to hefull of wind like 3 bladder.

Blefixen ,mom. impel-finance.

M . foolish talk, fromtheGaelic New . andw e .

m ometimu oor

derivativee of thie word, “ Y e

W u loon’ and ‘

ye ohm) ”

“ Rm; of Nithndnle andGnllowey Song.

“mtems of

funflinr remonch stillmone.mdare epplied to thooe n th'ic

Bledoch, chimomilk ; tramthe

Gaelicmmor bleoglmm,tomilk.

She kimed the kirnand ecnntmed itdean.MMW MW M‘ M M MV’

S EWW : The

W0?J AM .

I4 B linder—B lank.

roguee who have the art ofmingling talnehood with truthwith admimhleart.”StringingMW n up in rhymeFor fools to sing.

- Bun ¢s : The Virgin .

Gathen hut v iud to éld b rupamme .

—Bumwnrmt tmuu .

Myname isMaggieunder.

She‘

s hettet tcn right.“n id one nun e

to another.goue,

”replied her heipmate. in the full

heuring ol the putient.“and it's themall

houn’

ll try her.

” "The mail bontr'il

uot trymeasmuch as youdo with yourM m “mrked the patieutwith perfeetmpfi dd.

—A Vin‘

t b tkt

M fl nf ib h ,uamh e3. xlyo.

l knew Burm‘

s“ Bletha-ing flitch,

“

vho

in his later years lived in Tarholtou,andearnedaeoanty living byhreaking atoneson the road. lo taking avalk round thehillmtioned in

“Death aud Dr. Homo

unfl ieakin to the scottinhmthough notexactlyeynonymons .and h pfindmnymedwdsfi fy

Blok e h ge round drop oi watercrother liquid. A similarword .

need in England to signify anair- bubble, and. in its formof

blatan iathe root cf bl s’

der.

We look cn thiatrouhled ureamol’ thegenes

-adorn ofmmas little purpoeealmon u idle hoyuj o on daueiumr or

bubbles on the “ ten —Si n TW A:

“0: 3 s wHer e

'

en the dean st bld o‘

dev out

Wet wi'

the bld r o‘

dew.

Blonter. to bluster « an: idlyGaelic blodair. to talk idly.

C i eklin' ahout olerldge or W

Blmk . tomimanage or spoiianything by chm. W or

stupid handling ; also adull,

Jamiewn thinks it is derived

disclosure of what ought to

han heen kept wcret es in the

phrase “ He blurted out the

truth .

"or

" Be blurted out anoath .

"The root both of blo

’

rt

and btufl is the Gselic blaor, tocry out or roar, and blow“ .

cried out or roared.

Bin tie. In the Dictionnryof the mmmmmm- BmScottish Language byan anonymousauther lEdiohm-gh, 1818 may.mo dacflud u anupsh -m m =m4~ufellow. Jamieeon has “M mu“

ll nail ed " When shsame hen she h léifl u’

low.

And wlut wus hismand he aoon let herSurprisedwas the laird when the ladysaid

Na!Aar i' n laigh curtsie ahe tumed herawa.

Bodle. asmn scottish coin, of- Bms. lesavalue thanabcwMthe six th

The etymoW of the l nglish port ofan Engiish penny.

wmduw uuncertaimhutas itB! 1 i l l “ a, I mm

in her noddle,

eepted as adesignation of one —Jos xms Butuz .

who is not sharp or ciever. No

English dietionsry suggmnny

out s pofirt." Blue, the slang

word iormomey, is supposed hyme to be derived fromthe

name o£ 8ir John Emme rich

still current in the Northern

Enghsh oountimas well as in

Bonailie, s parting drink, s stir

rupocup ; s deocli an W h o‘

feted to and portsken with s

departing guest, with wishes

foragoodand pleassnt journey ;abon eoyege. The wmd sometimeswritten bmlais orbmfly.

is a. corrupt spelling of the

French bonmadéemr bon olk r.

ties in comhinstion—as appliedtouwwmn ; spplied to nsturultiful .as in “ Y e hsnks nnd hrses

This is an old

English word. used by Bhnke~

16 Enema—3mm.

sport.

Bounieomgaed to the vater to vash,And prettineugaed to the haruto thrn h ;Gae tell n y naister to payuemy iee,Fah unimv iun let wettine- he.

J amam’

sm w

i n n um. w .mx

ne'

er sav euch acougn gation ouths ioe

Boodle . 3 ghost,asprite,ahob

gohlln ; by some derived fromlands, amemge, the Gembate. nmemenger, snd byothers.withmore prohohility, fiomtheM cM n speotre

—av ord

ently toan ill o fnvoummdBorrow . to raumsnd not. u inmw d ect s lm.

And inm‘

hc hmhu d- r.

A u dulmmhe.

l’

d gie a’

the lands l ln e,Bonnie JeauJ o b vn -mee.

Ok bmm, hruther. bmn e,

O I W I'

Hmhe,l ar‘d fi ll - yaie dw lud.M’Mc‘

smeume tom.

TheM d could no longer hearherb ed,But. hurt ingmh to hen - id.

mwl the bmi ,Mmthe hody.

Amw hmm

Bomto drink dmo x-evel

wm'd “ hooay.

M Mhlméemaud deeparouse

Andminds hisaid s no p om—Bun s

Hmthe hmw or side of s hill

We tvahae ruuahout the h na.

And po’

d the gomfn e.

some parts 0! Scotland it signifieaahespormound ofanykind .

and alsomeb phorieallyaheapor crowd ot people.

We’

ll ue'er hig M i che naud

together (O ld Pun as . we’

ll never

he fan iliarordooelyallied in senrimemor

Breeder—Bow . 17

on which to snbmit food to themmmamnmmthe

'l’mmmw hurn .

of one’

s

calf of the lqEngl ish brsmy,he lilce the cahhage

arug ; nisobmtaek aflsgmhenner ; whence perhaps the con

f ormed by Rou x-

r Bums.Hatchet, s oontemptuous ornngrychievous child ; adiminutive ofbrat. a. child , so called fromtheGaelic brat, arag ; synonymous

List'

uing the doorsau'windowsmile,

l thoughtme oo the ourie w tle .

O tailly l heep . that tide the bml leO

'

winter war.

forabeggar’s child, in allusion

to the rags in which it is clsd.

We'

veaye had h’tand ém. John.Great hleasings hmbelow

apoorman’s child, ss used by

Burns,“s smytrie o’

wee duddie

(ragged) wesns.

”

Battle . clatter, oranynonemodeby the rapid collision of hardsubstanom; possibly frombenefits, the augmentative of the

Breathin’

.

“ I'

ll do'

t in nMinstanter. in the time

which it would take to draw

in ajifiy,"or to the sti llmore

intolerable slung the twink

ling of n bedpost .

Bree, the juioe. the esseuce, thespirit. Bsrley- bm, the juioe of

B

18 B reaks—Brownie.

Bree is to extract the spixi t or

essence od barley,ml lt. hops .

brigh. spirit, juice. lac. The

Italians have brie, spirit, energy.life. animation. Fromthis

in the slang of the Universitiesto signifyabn’el'.

Breeks . ths nethergarments of aman . trousers. trews, breechu.

The rulgarknglishword bn eo‘a

amore dignified origin in the

nament. and bromi d e. adorn .

embellish, fromwhich Celticword.

"says Ainsworth in his

Latin Dictionary. the Romans

l vad hae gieuthemaflmy hurdies

JohuAndermmyh johu.Your loob were liks the raves ,

- Bum: [akaAndersen ” I t .

In “John Andersonmy Jo.” the ac id

smooth. I bslieve that bml in this pas

ing is oue o‘ the el ects of buming l

think the word is alwsys used tomn

shining v iih all the gloss of uem3 . 0mm.

furious ; tromthe Gselic bm~

Brh g hmwmdehvered d achild.

Nowwheuninemhswerepastandgone.The lady shew l bmasou.

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20

said, unburthening his heart, I'mvery

weel all , use doubt ; but eh lman, I’msair hadden doun by the Bubbly-jack !Du n Ramsay.

Buckie, awhelk or periwinkle.

Ah'

there'

l l be par-tans [crabs] an'

bird ies.

Buckle- to,tomarry; derived fromthe ideaof fastening or joiningtogether. The word occurs in

avulgar English song to averybeautiful Scottish air, whichwas written in imitation of

the Scottish manner by TomD

’

U rfey in the reign of CharlesII. It has been long popularunder the title of Within aMile of Edinburgh Town .

Buckle- beggarsignifiedwhatwasonce called ahedge-

priest, who

pretended to performthe coremony ofmarriage . To “ buckle

with aperson”was to be en

gaged inargumentwithanother.

3 113 norstye, acommon collo

quialism. To sayofanyone thathewouldneitherbufi norstye,

’

means that he would neither doone thing or another, that hedid not know his ownmind,

or that he was so obstinatelywedded to his own purpose thatnothing couldmake himdeviatefromit. It is probablyacor

ruption of he would neither

be of nor stay.

” Jamieson ,

however, derivesMfromtheTeutonic bof, 3 cheermade bymariners ; and thinks that styemayreferto theact ofmountingthe shrouds, fromthe Swedish

Buckie— But.

stiga, to ascend ! He has thushad recourse to two languages tohelp himout ofadifiiculty,whenone, and that his own , would

have been suflicient.

H e would neither bu] nor rtyc for fatherormother, friend or foe .

—GAL1' : iTfie

Buirdly, strong andhearty, well - built.

Baird]; chiels [fellows]Are bred in sicawayas this is.

—a x s : The Two Dogs.

stalwart,

B urn ew in , a contraction of“ Burn - the wind,

”the popular

and familiar name for ablacksmith .

Busk . to adorn , to dress ; fromtheGaelic busgadh,ahead - dress,

an adornment for the person ;busgo irmiclt, to dress, to adorn ,

to prepare.

A bonnie bride is soon burb‘

t.

—Au.auRu say'

s Scots

PM .

Back ye, barkyr,my bonnie bride,Burk yr, but ye,my Winsomemarrow.

—Hamt. ‘ros ”Bangor.

But. This word in Scotland longpreserved themeaning it once

had in England of “ without,"

and was derived etymologicallyfrom“ be out,

”of which it is

an abbreviation. It remains inthe heraldicmotto of the ClanChattan , Touch not the catbut the glove l It does duty in

the humorous Jacobite song, in

ridicule ofGeorge I theElector

of Hanover

Bu! and Ben—Gadgie.

Whathe deilhu ve p tten fi raking.

Butand bm. the out and in . the

front and back rooms of aootter

’

s hut.

Toddlin h taad toddlin k n.lh mmmman dmthyM ‘

Amumn Boswu t : A

Mmabmmde h the ldst to look by,h wfl nabeen roM butaqmuadye.

v heuw wmue'll putmt

laudation .

Ca’

cannie lan exhortation to beware . to take heed or care as towhat youare doing ormying ;m’

. to drive, andmate. cau

the world ; as in the phrase“ He

’

s justabyoyd . The word

in fromthe Teutonic beupid . anexample ; literallyabyplay. In

this sense it is sometimes heldto signify an illegitimate or

a love- child, a “ by- blow . a

Bys s im, amonster. also aworthlessand shamelesswoman .

Supposed to be fromthe Icelandic by“ , amonster, apac e

digy. TheGerman bm. wicked,and the Gaelic boot‘c, lust, libi

that frombeach (boo). wicked ,

and an emia, thoughts, whenceboo mania, quasi biscimor

byuom, awicked thought. oraperson with wicked thoughts.

The word Ba h ia», which has

22 Caz'

r— Camu’

e.

cadt’

e . alad (used in the sense

of kindness and familiarity) ;but, according to others, fromthe French cadet, ayoungerborn.

A cock - laird fu' cd gicWi’Jeanie didmeet ;

He haused her, he kissed her,And ca’

d her his sweet.—C iumsass's Scottish Songs.

Y on ill- tongued tinkler, Charlie Fox ,May taunt youwi’his jeersand shocks

But gie'

t himbet,my hearty cocks,E

’

en cowe the cadicIAnd send himto his dicing - box

And Sportin'

lady.

—B URNS A uthor’s Earnest Cay

Cair, to strain through . This

word ,

”says Jamieson , is used

in C lydesdale, and signifies to

ex tract the thickest part of

broth or hotch -

potch while

dining or supping. It is pro

bably fromthe Gaelic cir, acomb ; whencealso the Englishword to carryahorse,and currycomb , the comb used for the

purpose

Caird,atinker.

C lose the awmrie, steek the kist,O r else some gmwill soon bemiss’

d

T ell the news in brugh and glen,Donald Caird

'

: comeagain.

—SxaWarren Scor'

r.

FromtheGaelicward,asmith ,awright,aworkman ; with theprefix teine, fire, is derived the

English tin- caird ortinker,afire

smith . Johnson , ignorant of

C eltic, traced tinker fromtink,because tinkers struck akettleand produced atinkling noise

toannounce theirarrival.

Camsteerie, crooked, confused ,

unmanageable ; fromthe Gaeliccam, crooked,and ctiuir, to steeror lead .

The phalanx broken into pieces like

cmtcm’

e clouds —N o de: AMmdm.

Bonny lass, cmy lass, wilt thou bemine ?H emounted hismareand he rode can

ui lie.—Th¢Laird o

'

Cc .

Caller, fresh , cool. There is no

exact English synonymfor thisword. Caller herrin ,

”Caller

haddie, and Caller ow arefamiliar cries to Edinburgh

people,and to all strangers whovisit that beautiful city.

Sae sweet his voice, sae smooth his tongue,H is breath'

s like cal lerair ;H is very foot hasmusic in’

t

When he comes up the stair.

—c xut : Tim-i :mLuckclout lb H ome.

U pon asimmer Sundaymorn ,When Nature’

s face is fair,I walked forth to view the corn

And snufi’

the callerair.

—BURN 8 2 The Holy Fair.

Cannie, knowing, but gentle ; not

to be easilydeceived , yet not slyor cunning. A very expressive

word, often used byEnglishmento describe the Scotch ,as in the

phrase. a canny Scotsman,"onewho knows what he isabout.The wordalsomeans dexterous,cleveratabargain ,andalso fortunate. It is possibly derived

fromthe Gaelic ceannaich, tobuy ; and is common in the

North of England as well as inScotland.

Caulk—Carlo.

Haematfi ng to do wi‘

him; he’

s no

Somemie wee hodiemy bemy lot,An

’

The ehchn yfii hadmdememfic.

M e chan aspelLatrick.

gmisehievons trick. Theword

is aeorruption of the Gaelicwordm , head, chief, prin

s gabbier, a

D'

ye hear what said Dominic Nap iersays about themid: Monday? He nry:

it‘

s en ed ipse—the sunand themoomfeeht.ing for tbe uppur hand i But. l .ord i he

'

s

Carfufi e, agitation ofmind . per

plex ity ; fromthe Gaelicmm.

atwist or wrong turnmnd baob,afright,aperplex ity ; and withthe aspirate . the b pronounced

W millermn touturb lor the nooes ;Full hig he wn ofhummd eke ofbone .

'

l‘

he puvkyauidaerls cemomthe lea,Wi'monygaid e’

ensand guid dayl tome .

right an'

he puts himseli into awScorr z Th A ndou ry.

Carkin', grinding, oppressivelywearying,

van tions. The root

of this word is the Gaelicgorg. rough, fromwhence alsoduoed byaliquor to foment thethroat, but not to be swallowed .

The lisping inft nt pn ttlin‘

on his knee

Doua’ hh wearyuofi u’

cares beguile,An

’makes himquite forgct his labourand his toil.

- Bms : Cola/ t w ai n ! N ight.

Carlo. aman, afellow ; fromtheTeutonic berl. Thisword,which

was used byChaucer. has beencorrupted into tbe Engiish oItu

-l.whichmeansarude fellow. In

Scotland it still preserve its

24

O h ! wha's thatatmychamber door?Fairwidow,are ye waukin

’

?

Aulduric, your suit give o'

er,

Your iove liesa’ in talkin'.

When h irds h eah urlaget land.

—Ar.umRausav's ScoaPrm-h .

U p starts amlo.and p ins good,And thence comesa‘

our geutle blood.

Mydaddie isacanltered ca'lc,He

'

ll no twine wi‘

his gear ;But iet themsay or let themdae.l t

‘

sa'ane tome ;For he

‘

s low doun, he’s iuthe broom,

- Jmes Cmmnou. no;

Carlo,aman . or fellow, isalsousedadjectivelyformale,manly.

strong. vigorous as in cod e

hemp . the largest wedcbearingstalk of hemp ; cark bdodder,the

largest stalk of dodder-gn ss ;

earleM Aa- oreed iu- heather,the

“ sw abs- p in n a

Carle-wife, ahusband whomedhold duties and privileges of

the wife ; amuch better word

sidmd to sip ify to sing, byotheu tomheamafxvmthe ofirrecording the performances of

bardsandminstrels—“ he horp it

and hew it."

Andayhe k rfi lmnday heurfi l ,Tilia' the nobies ga

’

ed o'

er the fioorButand themusicmlae sweet,The gmomforgot tbe stahle door.

To this pamge Mr. Robert

Chambemin his “ Collection of

note In the ‘Minstrelsy of

the Scottish Border‘

eup it is ex

piained asmeaning sung, but lsumwith great deferenoe.

made of it in Barbour’s ‘ Br-uoe.’

that it refers to the narrative

But Mr. Chambers has left thedouht en ctlywhmhe found it.for the oldminimal- sometimes

mw

wmmnma

Cony— Chamflers .

ring clouds.

yh the niz ht.n ) in a

’

the cv ry.

in derived fromthek tomoveJ o stir ;

nil in Aberdeen .

- Duu or Coup on .

t M u ir’

s Scot: P n

erlyapplied in the

aHighlandmax-euHighlanders, whoposed to be lawlesson the wealth of theth eword is probablybelie oath, abattle,

i n n , to shout. to

e . by emphatio det rac ing s. violent

u n buve amanbmaHighland elan,

n hk tn de .

t. To live in “ the

Cauld coel.

animal ; but is possibly frombark. skin (which see), or fromberg or burg or burrow s hill or

hillock, or slightmound raised

is no spark of fire in it which

oan be blown into afiame.

Bu nmmwmOr ony hroh n d nadlon :

l amatinlter tomy tn de,

“ He hasaeould eoalto blew,

"i .e. , he is engaged in

Cauldrife. cold - hearted. cool inlove or fri endship, indifferentminded.

l straightway showed himto the door.Sayin

’

, Come naemair tomemh lHero

‘

s Collection : Tate B riskY oc d.

this isan Aberdeenshire word .

signifyingastate of commotionor perturbation ofmind. He

suggests its derivation fromtheFrench our vi] . amatter thatgives or requires activity (ofmind). Is it not rather the

Gaelic oabhag (among), hurry.

culty‘

l whence eablugooh. hasty.

impetuous, hurried. Cost is

used in the “ Noctes Ambrosianm"as synonymouswith toss.

GalIOpin’on agreyhorse that

sumthe foamfromits fierynostrils.

‘

26 Ckamzer— Claclzan .

As scant of silleras of grace,D isbanded, I

'

dahad run ;Gae tell the lady o

'

the placeI

’

ve come to clout the cauldron .

Channer, to contend, to complain , to grumble, to chide, to

remonstrate ; fromthe Gaeliccam-mi , acontentiousmurmuring, chiding ; canranaeh, querulousmurmuring, contentions ;

and canranacha, petulance, illhumour.

The cock doth craw, the day doth daw,The chamrr

’

n'

wormdoth chide .

—BortlcrMimtrehy : The C lerb’

s

How the wormcould channeror chide in the grave is incomprehensible, unless one of the

meanings of the word is to

fret or cause to fret with vexation. This interpretation hasled to the supposition that“ fret,” in the sense of its for

mer sign ification of gnawor

“eat,

" fromthe Germanfressen , Flemishfreten ,as in theScripture phrase The mothfretteth the garment,” is synonymous with charmer. This, how

ever, is not the case, as the

Gaelic etymology sufi ces to

prove. But neither clamoringnor fretting supplies an intelli

giblo or satisfactory explanation of the ballad - writer

'

smeanrug.

Chap, to knock ; cheap ,ablow .

I dreamed I was deed,and carried far,far, far up, till I came to Heaven '

s yett

vvhen I chapfl'

t,and cw r'

t,and cw it,till at last an angel keekit out and said,Whaare ye ?—DmKu sav.

C hark , tomake a grinding or

grunting noise, also to complain petulantlyan d obstinately.

A formof cark, with the sub

stitution of ch for c or k,as inchurch for kirk, &c.

C heep, to chirp or chirrup like a

Y e'

re nae chicken forayour cheefi n’

.

P roverb.

Chiel,afellow,ayouth ; the sameas the ancient English childe,

as used by Byron in Childe

Harold.

" Fromthe Gaelicgille,ayouth .

The brawny, bainie ploughman ebr‘

el .—Buas s : Scotch D rink.

A clu’

el'

: amang ye takin ’

notes.

—Buus s.

C lachan , a village ; fromthe

Gaelicclash,astone,and daehan ,

the stones or houses .

The claclurn yill (ale) hadmademe cantic.Bonus : D catlrand Dr. H omboob .

Y e ken Jock Hombock o'

the claims .

The claclure ofAberfoyle.

—SiaWALTER Scorr : R 06R oy.

Many English and Americantourists in Scotland, and other

readers of the works of Sir

Walter Scott, imagine thatthe clachan of Aberfoylemeans themill of Aberfoyle.

The chiel was stout, the chiel was stark,And wadnahide to chap nor ca',

And Girz ie, faint wi’

holywark.Had an the power to say himM !

—Ho Girxic.

The Bumewin comes on like death atevery chew) .

—BU RN$ : Scotch D rink.

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28

gossip, incemt gabble.

aid - Bonus Theany: 0‘

Ayr.

Fromthe Gaelic d is (click).nimble, rapid. and dab (M ),

loud disagreeable talkern labsr.the clapper ofamill.

the act of incubation ; fromM ar duk the cry or cackleei the hmwhen hatching. The

larly ormaternptuously for an

TheM anic! laird o’

theWarlodt Glen,

cheerie,Raisedup the h tehand cam'aouselyben.

Cloot aeloven ioot ;M ons

whouhoofed or clomMLe. . the devil.

O thmwhatever title suit thee.Auld Hanig Satan . N ieh. orM

—Bmuns : Aanu b w fia'

l.

k notahoof. but the half ofahoof. We

spent ol ahorse‘s hoof, and of aeov'

s

CIishmaclavcr—Cluuk.

Clour. alump on the flesh oausedhyahuvy blow .

Char isaheavy blov—the lump is onlythemad am- R . Dssuuw .

C lumw striltc with the fist. to

slap ;“acluj i

‘

the lug,

"aboxun the ear. The word is akinto the EnglishM md to

M.

sound of liquor in abotfl e or

Clout,arag ; cloutie. alittle rag.

W W Mye l eaamalso slguifies a patch. or to

patch. tomend, as in the old

song of “ Olout tbe Cauldron ”

(mend the kettle).WhamyM will buy?

A countqmn in aremote put o‘ Ahndeemhiremt anev ly ooimdmaelgn inthe dsys wben such athing was seldomseen. and went ahout shov ing it ho his

friends and neighhours for the charge ol a

pennyeach sight. Evil daysunfortunaeelymtook himand bemohliged to panwith his beloved coin. A neighbour one

day called upon himandasked forasightof his sovereign.

mrowed (vrapped) in foram1'

Clams—Cock.

fi VioEM v ilhas airThes shovedaman ofi punk,mmm the psh ,

Andmde tbe bottie chal .

and let tbe oannikin d ink,

W u d adull eound than

W alnuto stop in themidstoiasetmecb forwant ofwordsor ideas, and sit down sud

Mb .

“ I couldnafind words

tomtinuemy speech .

"said

aGlasgow bailie. and see 1

4M"

[ fairly clyadOutlie cauldw -th.

glven to the male of birds .

liar gallinaceous barn-door fowlthat crows in the morning .

”Its true derivation . how

ever, is fromthe Gaelic eoc.

which means to elevate, toerect, to stand up. to throw

high, to lift,as in such phrasesas a“

cocked- hat.“ a“W e,

"

“cook up your beaver,

" “cock

sure, or wounding to be so).cock -w hoop ,

"andmanyothers .

It ismore common in Lowland

on the back of another for

punishment on the postericrs ;to eoekwhy. to thrcw astcne or

othermissile high in the air ;

live beyond one’

s income for

pride or ostentation, or the dis

inclimtion to appearas poorasone is in reality by expendingmore pennies than one has

dren, when one rides on the

shoulders of another ; acock

Mm,awooden horse , on which

childrenmount forammmentcook -tain t, asmall landed proprietor, whomeets the dignityand gives himself the airs o! agreat one ; code- headed or coed s

30 Cockrmom’

c—Cod- cmnc.

tilted,

“ as Lord Tennymmcreeye, a squint- eye . thst cocks

up or awry when it shouldlook straight.None of these words haveany connection with themalebird of the Gal lium. but all

in Juvenal and Home asMan ic .

Cockunouie. agsthm'lng up of

the hair of women . after afashion similar to that of the

modern "chignon .

" and sometimes called a“

cock -up.” Mr.

Kirkton, of Edinburgh , presch

ing against cook oups"—cl

which chignons were the re.

presentatives a quarter of acentury ago—said :

“ I have

yet I seemy cwn danghter in

a‘ccck -up

’ as any cas e! youm”

thatmbwncniedgn ifiedasncod.or tbe gathering cf the hair in

i e . such asheath £or flx ing thehair as nuns were accustcmedtome ! The wcrd was acon

temptncus cne tcsjalse hab - acontrin nce tomabsalittle hfl r

sppear to be agood deal—and

of the Gaelic eoc, to stand erect .andmom‘, nothing.

l uwmyueg ccme linkin ‘

owcr the lea,l awmyMeg, butMeggie saw nnm¢

M l dcubt the daughtef sasiflything

"ymumc l H ocy hcdy cccehedmygnde name l wad neitbu fash ccuacilnoc comminary. i would be dcwn upcn

maid the ben c'

thc n thudan dwmy onything o'

hleg Dods but whst washcnest and civil, l wad sccn see if her

M mmde o‘

her ain hsir cr

other iolks'l

Cod. fromthe Gaelic. cod. aw himapillcw, absg, areo

ceptaole ; peu~eod, the shell in

retained The wcrd is retained

l hae guld fire for winter weather,Aal o’

cal k bafl wud fillacn dle,A halteran‘ a'uld hay tether.A deultahout the duh to paidle.

ems- 000mm.

sedgned to the wcsd hy Allan

ates itas used in l ‘

ifeshire andtbe Lothians. explains it as s

rustic os one who is dirtyandsievemly.

AM MJu is sure sich,

The finsl syllable seems to

be the Gselic dmA, had. evil .

wicked, M in oan. 00 is

deehtless the Gselic costhmroCommen tatowsggle ; fromthe Gaelic gog or ooy, to shake ;

Whenee probably the FrenchM a llirt. or cne wbo

wavers cr is unsteady in the

bestowal cl ber favours tcmalel tw mw at the h stl t usted cn his shculdmfi st.

How thearlb’

cw wwksBetwist the Russiansand the Turks.

l t hss been supposed. says

shepherdws dcg and sh q iaachaimcomes the word ed l ie

acnp. used either ior broth .ale .

or strcnger drink .

l cannawantmycq ic, sir,l cannawantmycq ic;

l winnamtmy threef irud cqFora

’

the wiws in nocie.—Dcitn or Gannon .

l t’

s gccd to have our “( out when itrsimkail i—Auas Kamw

‘

e SenaPn

dcgs fastened with the n ine

chain .

"U nder the wcrd “

col

lie,"he explains it tomean a

quarreLas well asadcg of tlmtspecies ; as it he belleved that

32 Conundrum—M ic.

mesnsmb e wnmmnptcatMM M ,MMangry ; which is no dcubt the

pcund word eoltie- sh sgis. The

mean ing ofMagic is difi cultw tmeaunb ss it be trcmtheGaelic smug (pronounced slang).

CcmdrM s kind oi i-iddle sng

no resemblsnces ex ist ; awordypuzzle . The word is of corn

into English,and has been sup

wss ccntent to trsee it to the

Anglo- 8n on eama; hut cn its

being pointed out to himbythemt wfi ter. in s privatenote ,afta tbe issue of the iirst

edition oi his Dicticnary. thatthe derivation was so iar nn

sstistactcry thst it did not se

count ior the final syllshle, andthat it was an sncient Scottish

word, oi which the ocmpcnentswere the Gsehcmsense or

meaning .mdm beavy cr

diflicult, he abandoned the

expressed his resolve to adopttheGaelic etymology“his Dicedition. B ediedunicrtmtely.

before preparing asecond edi

pietcu. acuckoo.

mme Gaehc wcrda w sbAay

hut u note in your voicasnd ye'

n sye

In England, a" fool and s

goose" are syncnymcus ; but

in Scotlsnd the cuekoo is the

ctmale tswpie. Ammsy be acw] .snd yet the revetse cl s fcol cr blcckhead.

—Bccuan'

s Bal lads : TA: Rod i

Corhie. the hooded - crow ; alsothe raven ; fromthe French

cmwmmfiCkmm em(OH PM ) . W Mmd a

c yon hirkie u’

d e lotd.Whn sunuan’ samz n

'

f thu

B z'

s betamif fot s ‘

thu- Bouus : A film'

s - Ma.

Maud govt. though upwen tlynnlike eaoh other inmnd,

Commune. (59 6 00413 )

While someueau't in the nenk,

Jemieson says thatmie. snng.

warm, (mi nim-table, seems to becomfortable situation .and comfromthe cold. It is evidentlytmmthe Gaelic coimg. alittle,snw or warmcomermdmimfion h ommendme bollow,

ame comer.Couthie. well known . familiar.eontmdistinctiomto the English

word ismeeble in the knglish

He lhat cmfl s v ithoet ause thould

confidential discourse, astory;

mmircmtnlkermgosd g andmed ic-mind, idle talk or chat.To “

cmck a thing np"in Eng

lish is to talk it into repute

by pmise. Ammicle is ederives the word fromtheman brai n , tomake anoise .

thongh there is no snch word in

that language.Bnt n hemrmnnd tefl yonrm—Bnm: 8m ! Co d ed /Mayer.They

've n

’

in famous tune

mt.“ Titan i umme w ye,memJoc indced lmdu z ie theM i

‘

the kid yard toz a’

tlnmonf—Dmmy.

Cmig. the neck.

Ane got n tv ist o'them.

Amgot n punch o’

the wam;U

mmmd fiolk cmkfa'amu,

Thcyonnganesmtin’

throegh the honse :Myhenrt hn been n e l

’

ain to see lbcm,l orjoy hu bukit wi

'

them.-Bunx s : TA: Tu 0m.

A h dy on hiring aservent girl in the

conntxyn old hen u n gn at indnlgence,thaw shonld hnve the lihaty d nueodiog the kirk every Sundsy. but that shewould be expected tommhome immediatclynfier the conclnsioo of thc ser

vice. The lady. hem , w het unex

pentadly found n positive objection n ised

34 Crambo- Clmk—Croon .

Smy lh iraot hmed o’

ulq ,

PM

acontemptuous name for dog

ocre attempts at poetry. whichDouglas Jerrold. with wit aswell as wisdommd they

“verseand won c.

A'

ye whn live bymn b -cw .

A’

ye wiuwrilemd nemthink,

- Bmws : O n a5m8 0 11.

AM u snouu l eould spell,l to tlwmn b jmwl

Tbo’

rude nnd roughButanoning lo s body

’

s sel

0mm!»seems to be derived

Creepie . a low stool ; fromtheGuelio cmk to bemd low.

l sit onmyorufi emd spb ntmwheel,An

‘

thifl on the hddie thu lo’ume n e

“ w as“

J ones : 7 1: H ob Fai r.

And st hk elbow Soq ohnuy.H is nndcnt, trusty. dmthy crn y.

Croodle, to coo like aM :“a

wee cmdh’

u' don." a. termof

endeetment to en inh nt.

“ (OHM 1. x , people n e w er

tainted withtheit tn de, n in the phrue.“ hi llhrsmnyemes iy.

”

Crone. an old women . s witch.

Worcester. in his Dictionary.derives this word fromthe

Scottish “men” “ the hollowmuttering sound with which old

This Scottish word seems to

have been introduced tow ish

notice byJamee I. Itwss usedby Swift and other writers of

his pea-ind. and was admittedinto Johnm’

s Dictionary. whodescribed it ss s “mntword.

"

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s gih .

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36 Crust—Caper.

H ele be yonr henmhale be yonrfiddle.To chmyouthrough the ww ywiddle

O’

this wide wari’.U ntil youon smmb driddie,

A grey-hair’

d curl.

Cmntmsmsrt hlow vvith s cudgelor fist on the crown cf the

Andmony s fellow got his lich

This word seems to comeeither fromthe English crown ,the had (hence ab low on the

head). or fromthe Gael icm,

which has thememeaning.

The crown of the head, the verytop of the head, is s commonphrase ; the croon of the csuse

way—the top ridge of the road.or themiddle of the rend—is s

Englishman“: is cslled s nop

par, or one for his“nob.

”

Cuddle, s donkey; supposed bysome to be derived fromtheGaelic NM, bob - tailed. or

O ne'

dsymymndi'sther saw Andrew

Leslie's donkty np to the kneet in s field

of clnver. “ Hallo,Andrew i“n id ho,

“ l

thought yourad fic wsd est nothing butthin k s and nettle .

” “Ay,”

said he.“ but hemisbebeved himselfi snd l puthimin therc jmt to pnnith hin .

“—Dm

Cuddle. Thismi whinh in theEnglish vemculsrmeens toembmw iondle topreu to the

bosom. simply signifies in Secttish perh nce to rlcsp , snd is

derived iromthe Gselic cads lI.

Where dull l cuddlc the night?—GAL7 :MM c L

Cuif or cool , it tool, ablockhesd.

(See Coor. ante. )

Cnpar.He ths t will to Cupar,msnn to Cepar.

This proverb . applied to an

Anauld beddin‘

o'

clees

Wes leftme bymymitherThey

’re jet hh ck o

'

erwi flaesY emymddlc in then thegither.

The bride she gsedto her bed,Th e bridegroomhe csme till her,

asks. “WhyCupnr?sndwhetheris it the Ouper of Angus Ot the

Ouper of Fife ?It hss been suggested thst the

origin ei “ Ouper.”in the sense

employed in the proverb, is thesign, s prool, snd thst the phrue

is equimlen t to “ he whowill be

amnrkedmenfliyhis tollyorpehversity)mbe s lu rkedmen.

"

It has also been suggestedthat “ 0uper

"is £romcoMem

Cun t—Cwman.

Cms gmin of cm; whence

kmd the iruit in the nut ;

Blind to splice high with h tin—e tmamo‘Greek woold not be nmiss z end iiye can hring in anything shont the jedg .

ment oI Solemon in the originel Hebrew .m fltbamen yje t ormthe dish

Allied words to ours are“ hem” and “

churn,” abandmill tor grinding corn, and

“churn,

”smill for stirring themilk so ss tomske butter.

Cusht t. aturtle - dove, awood

O'er loltyaih them ail,

And eaho cnns the dolefu‘

teie.

Wheel .

Custock or “ stock . the edible

stslk ofcsbbsge ; s knil- runt .

An’M h Sm'

bogie,

An'

ilh lsdmenn hse his lnn .

An'

lmen hsemy cngie .

suit !“

ln longitude though snl ely seenty,l tmhaMand shemvsnnty.

Cuttie- etooLathree - legged stool ;s short stool, such as Jenn ieGeddes is reported to havethrown fromthe pulpit stairsat the bend of the heretical

A circnmstsnce counected with Scottishchurch discipline has undergone s greet

change inmy time—l mean the publiccensure fromthe pulpit of persons con

n cted of s hmch oi the seven th commando

. Thismpuformed by the

goilty person stnndingup before the wholeconc ep tion on e rai sed platformcalledthem - Dmkmuv.

The cnlprits did notalways tske the sdmon ition patiently. l t is recorded ot'

one

d themmAyn ht when accnsed ot'

adultery by themin ister, be interruptedand corrected his reverendmonitor bydenying the imputation , snd calling out .“ Ns l ns l ndnister z itmsimple / on r

’

c

words, sccording to Jemieson ,

were the nsmes of old tunes

once populsr in Scotlsnd . No

trace of them. however. hashitherto been discovered . andthe interprets tion given to themby Jemimon remsins amereown . he says,means aspoon

with ashort handle. Myno

doubt signifies short or small .as in may- stool and in cattypips ; but Junieson should hsve

beenawsre thst in no known lsn

gnage doesmsigniiyaspoon .

In likemanner nee- ladle has noreference toawooden spoon or

ladle, as be supposed . but is

derived fromthe Gaelic triall,departure on a journey. andMM , speed ; Mid land .

swift, smedy. Thus the old

tone mentioned by Jamiesonresolves itself into a Low

land rendering of the Gaelic.

M tomakemerry.tobe sportive ;Wi‘Mi weary grown,U pon almowe they set themdown.

—Bosus : The Teas Den .

Dr. Adam, Rector of the H igh School

of Edinburgh, rendered the Bas tian ex

pr'essinn

“ desipere in leco"

by the Scottish—atraaslstion

which no one but aScot could properlyappreciate—Du n Ku sav.

Mhss long oeased to be cnrmtEnt Mmh itmuwd

by 8hakespeare in the sense of

to befool. ln the scene between

Leonatoand Olandio in “MuchAdo About Nothing.

”when

Claudio refuses to fight with

(h ost thon soM- e—thon who kiiledmy child f

tetors all agree that this wordshould be dq emrpmme ofi .

and signified “a short shriftand speedy ex it .

"This would

plied to the hanging of afl ighland cn

'minal byafeuh l chief.or to l tbe mm-e formal but

administered in the Lowlands .and is, there can be little or no

doubt. the realmeaning of the

name of the old song on which

Jamieson relied for his inter

Ormaybe in s frolic dsflTo Bagne orCs lais talneawsft.—v : Tk Tsq s.

They interpret in the ssme waythe line in li ing learThemadcep Prince of Walq thax” A the n s-Mande l

it would appear. however. thatin both instanoes, dqf was nsedin the sense which it reMns in

Scotch. thst 0i fool or befool.

Dnidle w trifie to dswdle.

DW in themocb tnrtle l [ hate{M unch - M AM

Dsiher or dsker. to saunter. tostroll lssilym' idly. or withontdefined pnrpose cr object.

Dummy—Dana's.

the c h demor je-umMn . Chisholmentered the shop of a

, sndasked toof aM pattem.

W W M M at sod t apparendysnong lssgnageas

“ dsmned broad."

MM mmpt-ked st the smpidityei the ln edon shepman, vho did not

tinder-and somelon aphrase—Du n

M y.

mart, the Germsn top/ 'mbrave,English, brewery in attire. and

Wear.

Dart or death , ajob ofmfnomthe Gselic dssrg.aplongh.

the ds vz if yoo stop the

never did agood l c rr tbfl w d

—Boss s : To his A sul lm”W e.

s h y- labourer. one whoby the xfieoe or job ; also

He'

ll clsp ashangsn on her tail,An

’

set the bairns toa's nd her

Wadmalt’himblitheasabodycould.

- Au..auM u ir.

Danner or dsnnden tomnnter.to stroll leisurely. withont a

Dauh to fondle to caress.

Dentin adsrlingmne who is fonallied to the English dost, dost

Dsud and blnwd or bled are

Some idle sndmischievensyonthswsitedfor theminister on s dark night . and one

of them. dressed ns aghost, came np to

himin hopes of pn tting himin afright .'

l‘

heminister‘

s cool replynpset the plan.“Weel . his ister 0haist. is this s geneulrising, or are ye fist taking ademo

Rutssv’

s R eminisce -ca.

Dennton. to subdue. to tame, todsunt, to dominate. to break in(applied to horses) ; fromthe

dan ish, to ex ert boldness. to

dare, to challenge . to defy.

To dewdn mg sndme sse yoeng.W h the thing ye ne

'

er shs ll see.

—014 Saw, d in ed b Buses.

40 Dew—Dean

Whae ‘

er shall ssy l wsnted jan,Whee l did kiss sod h u hcr.

N ydeath andmydoc (dove ).—Au. suRumor.

To some itmy sppear thst dsm’r‘cmyhaee lud its origin fromthe Gaelic dalfJfoster-child—jameson .

Yestreen ye were your daddie’s doo.Butas yourmither’smm.

- Seem'

s A new Ballads : TA:

Daw .aslut .akin to the colloquial

See-asw, hiW Dw .

Sold her bedand lny in the stn w.

Dawds and hlswds is aphrasethat denotes the grestest abun

Dswk . adriz zling rain ; deal-y.moist . rainy. not exactlyadownpourofsteadyrain . but of intermittent driz zle .

Day-dew , abbreviation of day

Dead is odten used in the sense ofwry. ex tremely. orentirely.as inthe English word desd- best. It

occurs in Scottish parlance as

M W coldMesdripe. very ripe . or ripe to rotten

ness ;Mamie . extremely lacyor tired out.

Dearme l O h dearme l Dear]me ! These colloquial exolnm»tions are pecnliar to the l ng

”dado“!

Dmaetone sest in the porch.or at the porch of s churoh .

probably so named fromits

side ; fmmthe Gaelio dmthe

fight side on the right hsnd.

An’

when she ame to hlsric’s kirk.An

'

sat dosrn in the lasr,

Enlichten‘

ta' thc placa

The etymology of the k ngv

pain . or pity. If the word“ dear- " be accepted ns comct,and not acorruption of someother word with a differentmeaning. the explanation . ifliterally translated into anyother language. would be non osensical ; in French . for ln

stance. it would he 0 cher swi l

and in GermamAcMh uc-rm‘

ch l

The original word. as used byour British ancestors . andmisunderstood by the Danes.Flemings. and Dutch . who suc

ceeded themin port Msion of the country, appears tohave been the Gaelic D in (deco ) .God. Oh Din ! or Oh deer !

and Oh dmrm! would signify.God ! O h God l or O hmyGod lsynonymous with the FrenchN oaD ieq r OAston Dics l and

Diefionary. in which the compfla follows Littx-e. ssys thnt" dents in old French alwaysmeant adinneMable . but especifl ly a state table with a

sense of tnhle has been lost.and that of canOpy prevails ;whereas in England the sense

of canopy is lost. while that of

or diseumbe explained by the

dais ? The right- hand side of

the hostwas the plsce ofhonour,

guished guest ; and the canopymmisedmsamatterofcourse.at the upper end of the ban

queting hal here kings and

of cmsiderstiomas the derim»hitherto found favour with ph i

ignorant of the

l ssid there wasnaethin

’

l hated liltemeu.

A drunken wife l hse at hame,Ha noisorne din aye dcmrmc ;

They ruinmean’

dcmme .

—B

Den y. disorder. disarmy. The

word is also applied to anyamusement ofaboisterous char.

enter.

Sic dsncin'

sad der” .

—Cbmf'r K itti esMc n .

The word is used by the old

poets Barhourand Douglas . bntseldomor never by those oi the

turies. and isall but obsolete .

spiral shell of any kind. andadds that a refractory urchinis not only designated by iratepersons as aW :M ic. butasatin -amor twisted bucka’c. Itmay he questioned, however.whether M ic is not derivedfromthe Gaelic 6mm. a00t and not fromashell .as tarmore likely to be in useamong apastoral and agricultural peasantry than a shell .that is not in any wayanggestive of either agood boym' ahad one.

42 Dem—47515 Castle.

Aeld Donfie nemmwabllak,The lodgingmso darhaad dtm.

M 3 drink, 8 draught ; a0015mptionoftheGaellcdmhioh

son has M M anddash -cam. hoth emuptiomof the Gaelio deoch- cu- domg adrink at the door. the partingcup. the W M !» The ale fromthe Gaelio deoclc. dtlnk. ahouse sign, onoe common in Eng d” ?M 0“, which “PM in

land as well as in Scotland.“ The w and Duck,

"flppEI l

'

lto its M Omthan the

to have had no relation toaquatio spate. but to have been acorruption of the Gaelic deooh

the samemanner. "Mnd Dog—onoe set up as asign at aplace ealled OdelLas x

-eoorded

in Hotten’

s“ History of Sign

boards”—ismerelythe0aelio o£M M MM M Mdrink. In the lo ndon sh ng ot

the preeent dsy. dub¢ isawordnsedamong lootmenandgroomsfor gin .

Desk . A vnlgs t old eong. whloh

Burns alwmd and sent to mto ' i m. on.

Johnwn'

s nmwithontP° v WiP°

much improvemt on we W mmou’ml kb yw .

Jan u l mthe bue fln wine

” mum- M AM

Hemhutamidlin'

body, oh !

the edifiemol batne imsd by

them aw onveyanymmning whatever. It ls probablethough no ed itor of Bums hashitherto hinted it—that the

cond om. the stirrup- cup or

drink at the door. (Sec ca.ants. ) Been in thlsd ight. the

line " theM '

s dang o’ermy

daddie "would signify “ the

dfiabmdrunkmness hae heatenor eome ommy dsddie," andthere on be little doubt thatthis is the true rendlng .

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44 Dirt—Dom.

Dirkaquivering blow omahardsubstance.

l threwaaoblc duowatane.

l t jist played dfrl upon the bane,

M apiew d tudmdymtT ln deil sat gimin‘

in themk,R ivin

’

n icb tomthe Duke .l And sye they hept it hot beiow.

Bmmic laddie l Highland laddie lWi' peatsand diw tr fiae Gleaooe.Bounie laddie ! Highland laddie l

Doited. confused. bewildered.

ofadarkened or hasy intel lect.'

lb ouclun tlu head o’

dd bd lw .

Thoucheers the bean o'

droopin’

w c.

Thoucven brighteas darh dupairWi' gloomy smile.Ye aold. blind. l l itd bodiqAad blindermyye be

'l’

is butaboaniemilldng oowMyminaie giod tome.

W cmw fl amd fi a.

This word seems to be deriv

with themodern English word “ .

which agaiaoomes fromdolc. which aodmtIyM in addition to iumodcmmeaning . that of to grow dull. samba.

or stupid - R . Du n can.

Danae- gait! and Ne’er- do-weel.

an e ricvaoae who is good tor

becomemuchmore common inEnglish than never- do-well.

Hat tie learning?“ “Just dung dos

Jamieson traces this word tothe German dome . thunder ;but it comesmost likely fromthe Gaelic donor. ill - fortune. or

—Bun ts : Amy “: UmG- id.

wordmay be derived iromthe

our7 a by the LowlandSootch by the insertion of the

letter r. The English word

dw e appears to be fromthesame source. and signifies

‘ anunhappy person. who is too

stupid to learn .

Donnot or donot ane ’

er-do-weel .

usually applied to an idle or

worthless girl orwoman ; acorruption oi «to- nought, or do.

Janeg lhoudan t.l

’

ll lsymy best bonnetThougetsanewgudmn aion it be night.

- flM d WM &Border.

Donaiemnlucky ; fromtheGaeliodam.misfortune ; the reverse

at oms. sonsie or lucky.

Doc—Dons .

M admaapigeon ; doo- tart ortert apigeon - pie.

“Mybonniedoc

"is afamiliar and tender

salutation to alover. Dooocot,

adore- cot.

Oahrmdounmr b mrdmOk h ymdmmyd n kind durie

For dinmyemind upo’

the timeWemt in the wood at the welim

—Deem‘

s A nd raW .

Dook mdouk to dive under

duok or dive.

Gneau for gold and fee.oamwmw muunm'

.m

Doel or dlflaM gfield olefnl o

ness ; fromthe Gaelic dolor,

O fa’ the numermhuman dah ,

- v : Jamaica: TM .

w ak and swifi the watmpour.Yorhere l wait in l n l snd somw :

Ok lah w the order

TheEnglirh foroou byguile won the day.

—fl ¢FInun q/WM

fromdour . hard

Y e‘

ll snap your fingenBefore his iacc .

Deuce. of agentle or courteousdisposition ; fromthe French

Yodaintydewonsandye dn aoonmmY e lrisifl ordg ye lmichtsand l quiru,

l n Parliament.- Bmws 77k Austi n

'

s Ems! Cry

draWodown . or drag down .

Twomen upon te dog'

s asait h ” .

closethe French and Latin. durand

When biting Boruafelland dos r .

enough. l ltnow : and it‘

s only fitting astheyshould be hard and dosr tome whcrel‘mgoh p—Lmn : Vita e/ Bulb

Dons or Docs, i s . doves. To“shoot amang the does ”

is a

an assertion at randomorwitbout knowledge. i t is sometimuapplied to any wilfully falseassertion . The trnemeaning ismerelythat oian indiscriminaieshot. in the hope oi hitting or

killing something—as in the

46

sport. which was the fashionunder royal patronage at Hurlingham. of firing into acloud

of pigeons with the chance or

the certainty of killing some of

them.Dow . to be able . of which the

word in English in the ous

tomary greeting “How do you

do ?"is aremarkable instance

oi the eorruption oi the popular

tude.and itsadoptionafter longcurrency bythe literate. until it

ticityand areal vitalitywhichno correction howeverauthor-i

Mm hw do youdowt

is . how is your strength or

ability? how do you thrive or

prosper or get on ? as in the

German phrase Wis pol l’

s ! or

Wic bd sdatmsid l the l talh nM amtmwue sb f in thems ? or 00mmms tin - to il ?

or the Gaelic “amthe “bkmi di-19 5. pronouncedmomshes an den . equivalent to the

English Hornet-c yan ? The an

cient word dovghtt ronn aderi vative of do”. able. Don

is provincial in England . but

MM h MM—BM

Dow—Down .

And now he goes deundrin’about lhe

dyku.

An'a‘

he dow do is to hund the tyhes.—LaovGaun t. Barnum

Dowd. stale. fiat ; fromthe Gaelicdoom. weak. feeble. worth

Canmout the dmdmer till yem

Dav ie. gloomy.melancholy. tor

lorn. low- spirited ; fromthe

l i‘s no the lo- o

‘

warlb geer

Dowi'. doof. doofing . dooiart.All these words areapplied toastupid. inactive. dull person.and appear to be the originalsof themodern fluglish slang aMar. which

M andala- rte.M ad den'

s .

Wi‘ a’ their varlomm;

M annapleaseafl ighland tasteC l” I '

"

T n l—Rerjous 8 tn xuu .

man down in his fortuneaanincumbrnnce ; mm. of

whioh tbe English synonymieM m; dm~my,adeclivityor downward path ; dom~pui orM ay, a rebufl ; domeom‘

ng. abandonment of the

dot - roomon convalescence ;dam- look. adejected look or

expression of countenance ; all

although notadmitted into the

l‘

ve oeen the dayye butteredmy brnae .Andmddledme lateand early. 0 !

Bet h un e

And oh l i’

esl itaairly. 0 |—Bms :mDuk

’

e s’

rr

Dowp. the posterior, sometimsswritten dolp . Thiswordapplies

not only to the human frame.but to the bottomor end oi

anything. and is used in such

phrases as the “ dowp of a

as well as in the threate oi

an angrymotber to ayoungchild.

“ I’

ll skelp your dowp .

”

maul " was aquestion askedof aohild. The child replied.

O r what the drumlie D iuch wen doin‘

"Venus yet had got his nose od'

.

Boasts : Team mW Pm.

This word is not to bemistaken iordubo sltelper

—fromdub.apool. apond . apuddle—andapplied to onewho rushes on his

and thin . heedless of dirt or

obstruction .

Draibla or dabbles, drops of

liquororcrumbs of foodallowedto iall iromthe hand upon theclothes in tbeaot of drinking or

eating ; akin to the English

ties oi anything.

Draidgie. A funeral entertainment ; fi'

omtbe French dmgss. a

but is to be fmmd in asmall

in Edinburgh.ma

Dowp-skelper. A humorouswordapplied toaechoolmaster ; fromMp . to smite with the palmofthe hand. A simi lar idu enters

into the cornposition oi theEnglish phrase abum- brusher.

"

with the diflerence that bmhcrrel ers to the rod. and not to the

palmofthehmd Burnsappliesthe epithet to the EmperorJoseph of Austria. with whatallusion it is now diflicnlt to

48

forasmallglassor ‘mip’b fwhiskylong hemadopted into English .

but has no synonymoi anyalliedsound in any other Europeanlanguage. The French call ita“

petitme." and the Germans

a“schema. while the Ameri

cans have recentlytaken to call

to derive it tromthe Greek

drachm. though, if this be the

fact, it is curious that the wordhas not fonnd its way into the

than those of the British Isles .

But though the classic etymology be too firmly rooted in

ing to note that in Lowland

melancholy. heaviness ofmind .

fromthe Gaelic Mm. heaviness . and that the dmat was resorted to in order to raise thespiritsand drive outmelancholy—an ideawhich seems to havesuggested the current Americanslang ofa

“mac. "“A story is told in Scotland cl an old

i’armer toomuch addicted to his "

dram"and his toddy. whdmstrictiy iorbidden

by hismedical attendant to indulge inmore thman omof whiaky perfim. “he hoped to ucape a-uions illnen . The

oMman was pun ledat the word “ounee.

“

and n hed his aonz who had studiedat the

doctormeant byaam “Anmce.

”

n id lds aoa.“why. evuy one kaawathat

Dmm—Dm’

glc.

amen dment : tho day. harm.

an '

l’

ll dae weelmuch. '

l‘

he doctormaedoot. ltens hit businesa l

’

ve alreadyhadtwathe dayn nd l

'

n still foumen to thetore !

“

Tradition does not record the ulti.mate fate oi the old farmer.Dreder. terror. apprehension .

dread of impending evil ; someWhataileth you.mydau¢hter janet.Y oulook so paleand wan?

There isaM r in ynurheart.Or else yon loveaman .

—Bucnas ’

s A ncient Bel/ai r : LordTW M W KW :M m

Dree. to endure, to sutl'

er ; pro

bably fromthe Teuton icmm.

to trouble. to sadden. andthence to endure trouble or

What dule in dern tboudm(Whamn thoumayst tuiler in secret) .

- Rabys ¢od i l eb w : n ewOhm, wae by his wanton sidea.Sae hrawlie he could datter.

T ill for his n ke l'mslighted n ir.

—Buem: Hm’

c Id: fl aw in Water.

in the dislects oi tho North

of England . to dmis used in

the sense of to draw or joumeytowardaaplace.

ln tbe snnmu-dmawhen leavesmwAnd bitds sing on the tree,

Driddle. This isaword ofseveralmeanings. allmorem- less signifieant otauything done by smallqmntities atatime. suoh as tourinate oftemtomovewith slowsteps. to spill aliquid by unsteady handling of the vesselwhich contains it. It appearsto be traceable to the GaelicM or dn idh. to ooz e. to

drip. to penetrate . and dmdltag.

asmall drop.

Droddum. ajocular name for thebreech . the posteriors. butmore

Or iell red smeddum.l'

d gie ye eicahearty doae o'

t.

- Buusa: h abmn udwmon

The word wems to be of kin

to dead. thick . squat, fleshy.

Droich. adwarl ; fromthe Gaeliow id or tvoidi . with theme

meaning.

M ic he snre. adowdy oradn id .

Drook . to wet ; drook it. wet

resemblance to the Greek beeps.atear. is noteworthy.

There were twadoos sat in adoolrit.

The h st l -iallowe’

en lmmltin'

MyM l n rlu leeve . as ye ken .

And the vmgrey bn elac'

TamGlon.

Myfiiendayoucome to the kirk everySabbath. and l lave ycua

'

ower wi'

the

Gospel till ye'

re fairly duck ? wit —5 xlmi’fi n n aW by amin is!” in

Am: Room’

s [W in s 0] Seattisk

Drouth, thirst ; drouthie. thirstyfromdry. dryads.

Tell him0’mineand Scotland’

s 1m“.

—Bunus : Co and PM” .

Folks talk o'mydrinlr. but never tallco'mydrum- Au.“ Rausav‘s Scot: Pn

clear ; appliedmetaphoricallytothoughts or expression. This

word would be a great acquisition to the English lan

gnage if it could be adopted.and lends apeculiar charmtomanyohoice passages oi Scottish

both in logical and poetical ex

pression . It is derlved fromtheGaelicmor was . heavy(and applied to water). turbid.

The wa'd appears at one timeto have been good English.

Dmme son e water out ot' this spring .

Madam. it is all foul. M . black.

50 Dmmocb—Dunl.

Hmboatnamhute l put ofi'yourbout,Put od

'

your boat lor goldenmouic ;l’

ll crou the drsn lic streamto—uight,O r nevermir l 'llaeemyAnnie.

t —Mmmo/ w smw w .

When hlue disumfill thc dvvn lit air.

T‘

hey had nan nedaleuuq aleuno.

A le-gue hut bu'ely three,

When dismal gn w hiaoounmunce,

And dmh’

c z n v hiae'e.

Au.“ Ramv‘

sM PM .

l henrd onoe alady ia inhurgh ob

jettimto apreacher that she did not

underntaud him. Another lady. hiagreatadmirer, insinuated that probably hemtoo deep for her to follov . But hermdyanswer vaa, “ Na,M l—he’t uo juat deep .ut he

‘

sM a.

"—Daan Ran “ .

An bmimtc .

Dmnh drl unt. todrawl, towhine.to grumble ; afit of ill - humour,pettishneea. Both of thesewordsare fromthe Gaelic dmadan .

grumbling. growling.mourning.

wish. moron , though errone

the Flemish dmmmeecere.

Mayuae doot tooh the dmt,

To he compared to Willie.Naemidneha'

dmu to n it on their

dumb ,

But len he think l amuncivil,

Duh amnll pool of di z tywaber.

The Goow dsbe iathe nnme ofastront ium M n ;

duck -

pond.

O'aMand dyke

She’ll run the fielde nll thmugh.There layn daw nfore the door.

And thmfell he . l trow.

Yw Lad.

Donnie-maul. aHighland gen

thonn nd times threeWill cry or

'

d for the hmnmo'

BonnieDanica—StaWamm8007 1 .

This word, generally misby 8 lr Walter 800tt in his ex

cellent bnllad of “ Bonnie Dun

mandamk gentle. nohle,al

Dmh, to ait down hutily and

Dudmrng ; daddies, little rags .

Theuhc took out his little knife,

An'

hemthe hn v eatmtlcmnaThatatoodamg thema'.

TheM wee laddiemaygrowahrawman—Dawn B oron-mos .

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52 Edit—Ewe.

l tmanm‘

v valk through the still

chestnut woods at that still honr of the

nighL - Tl c Drumt n . by'

l’

. A.

Taouon .

All yont the dylre ahe’aheardyouhummin‘

Wi'an? drone.

—Bvans : Address 0Mr Dd ] .M isamost dilhcnlt werd to explain.

l don'

t knowanyEnglish vord that comeanear it inmeaning.

‘

l‘

he feeling inducedby eerieness is that sort “ superstitious

that sort ofavre we feel ln the presenoe of

themeen and unlrnown. Anything unmml or ineungrnouamight produce the

feeling.“The a-

y of hov letsmak'ameun it.

“says Ti nnahill. The following

anecdote illustrates the feeling when athing unmal or incongruons is presented- An Ayrsh ire farmer. who had visited

lreland. among other vnmhe had seen .

related that he went to the Episcopal

he had emheard the Engliah aen ice. hematartled byseeing aialla‘

oome in withalong white n rk on . down to hiaheels.mademe t’eelquitemic.

“-R . DRI NNM .

Eith . easy ; etymologyunoertain.but neitherGad imFlenfish nor

It’

s a’“ defending acastle that's no

l t‘

s d ht learning the eat the way to

the lzirn.

i t‘an

’aworkingwhen the will’sathame.

Eke. to add to. an addition“cik to ateseament. aoodioil

to awill . This English word

ing in Scotland among toddydrinlrers. Whenaguest isahoutto deparh after having had a

host presoes hhn to “ tak an

eke another glass. to ekeout the quantity. I hateintemperance .

”said anorthernmagistrate. whowas reproached

{or the iniquity of his trade asadistiller,

“ but I like to see a

tak ‘

his sax tumblers and un cle

in the bosomo' his tamily. But

I cannathole intemperance l "

son has this word drier-Its. andthinks it is related to deer or

evfl spifimand that it is derivedsignifying all and rich. or

rich in elves or wries l The

true derivation is fromthe

Gaelicoillh terror. dread . horror.wmch wmhinedwith dmk had .

wicked. termed the word as

use it.

On the cldd td hill theremowsathom.

Wi'monyan eldrik fi aa'eeehaad hollov .

l‘

ve heardmy rem'end gn rmie say.lulonelyglens ye lilre toatray.

Nod to themoon,To fiit luthe nlghtlymderar‘away

For NanaieJar hd ou the rast.

l i’

kh dneu to ooftee hayride .

- JamW rist : q mThay that d flc to p t to the top o‘ the

ladder v illat lauget up some ronndamaul ut’n l at agown ol gold will

alwayt get aaloeve of iL—Scorr s

”mumM mapeen toaimat. Intention is

the - mth l element in themeaning o‘ this

ever.To he aet dotmto aavheelieaph ningAn

'at itmr ever tn ea‘

.

An‘

syne to haa’t reel byachieliefiellow)ThatM an d to draw.

- Woo'

d an 'Maw-rid u ’a.

M emdriven into the fold.

When o'

er thahill the eaeternmrTellsW - tfuc ianear.my jo,

J on a h /w A’MM O .

eke cowherd. s shepherd ;Mile,afold ; bundle. folded, or

goes to Germany for the root otthe wordand does not find it.

Bydenh diligentmamestfi ealous ;fromthe Gaelio ead. seal.

My lair child.Pmnade thahirlrmen odeaty to pray.

—limvsoaa: The Lin ed “:

Thayoungwers a’mwamed to obey.

An'mind their laboun wi

'an odarhand.

Byrie . an eagle's nest ; fromthe

Gaelic ein ’

ek, to rise, and eir’

wh.

—Mu.ron .

"l'

iathe fire shover of rnin all dreadfnllydriven

Promhiaryn c that beacons the darknessol heaven .

of the Norse l oam. agiant.l twas formerly nsed in Englandas well as in Sootland. Hyndema. or the gentle giant. is thetitle of aScottish bnllad in Kinloch

’

s Collection .

They aay the King oi Pofl ugal oannotsh a hkman hnt the gianuand eormwill eomeandanateh it fi'

omhim- l iaao

54

Fa’

. the Scottish abbrevation of

fan. Theword is used byBumsin the imamsong of “ Aman ’

s aman fora’ that,” in asense which has given rise tomuch doubtas to itsmeaningA kinganmlr‘abelted lmight.Amarquig duhe,anda' that :

Butmhoneatman'

sahoen hismight.Gude faith, hemannafi that.

Thecontextwould seemto imply that fe

'means to try. to attempt. Nouuthor exoeptBurnsuses the word in this sense ; andnone of the varieties of words

in whioh fall or the act of fal!ing. either physically ormeta»phorieally. is the primarymeaning. meets the necessities of

Burus'astanza. Halliwell has

with five diflerentmeanings, ofwhich the fourth is to succeed.to not, to work . The fa

'

of

of the Enghsh wori current inAyrshire in his time. It findsne ph ce in Jamieson.

Burns did not originate theideaso well exprmmand to

which he has given such widecurrency. It is to be found in

James VI . and his tnithful oldnume who came uninvited fromEdinburgh to pq himavisit.

her kindly what he could do

Fd

for her. After nome hesitation .

she replied that she deaired no

thing for herself. only that she

wanted hisMajesty tomake hersonagentleman.

“ Ah . Jeanie.Jeanie ! " said the King.

“ I canmat’himaduke. if ye like ; but

l oannamak’

himagentlemanunleas hemak'

s himsel'ane l "Faird. a journey. a course.

Jamieson thinks it siguifles a

Fairdy. eleven tight. handy ; fairto do.

With nne ev’n keal hethre the whrd.She ls righr/ainb v ith atail.

quotes aMid - Lothian phrase." Let themalane ; it's but aM . it

’

ll no last lang ; they'

ll

no win (arrive) far store us."

The word is eviden tly fromthesame source najm. to travel.as inmyfam: the Teutonic

john». to go. to travel ; andfab" . a ferry. apassage over

the water. andmmdag .

geroua; as originallyapplied to

Funk —Fete.

feir or rnarket. and thinks it

means apresent hought at afair. But this is gmwork .

and does notmeet the sense

of the passage in “ Tamo'

Shanter." Possibly it has someconnection with the Teutonicgsfaltr . danger. also adoomorpunishment ; supposed. in its

favourable term. to he derivedfromapresent purchased at aiair to be bestowed asagift onone who was notat it.

Gmt chieltain o‘

the puddin'

race.

—Buana: To n i /ac t’

s.

Ah. Taral ah. Tami thou'lt get thy

ln hellmey’

ll roast thee lilteaherrin'.

Panh aeoih atansle sm z

possihlyfiomjhng. to take holdoi . To fonkahotoc in afield.

to cateh him‘ rith aropeuoose

Itmayalso be the root of themum“ . to be in acoilotperplenityordread . The com~the Gmmmfvnk, asparkle of

tenable . The Gaesignifles to curl .

iromfom. aring.

Fash. to bother. to worry. to

distress one'

s self ; fromthe

French ssfdchsr. to he angry.

Fashions . troublesome.Speak out. and never/ erayour thumh l—Buam: Ears-art Cr) and Prism.

riding out one dayon an old pony. when

he was accosted by arude youth.“ 1

n y.ur. Brown . what gars yourhorse'

s tailmthat way?" “

0h !“rep lied Brown.

Yon/hmds dumuoe for their neclz.Climh up the crag with us.—hios rcoum: TA: cum-m:

The root of this word wouldappear to be the Gaelic for,thing. with theaddition of « d.as in dastard. coward. wizard.

asuflix which signifies eminent.or in ahigh degree. Thus. fmcard or foam-dmeans worthlessin the extreme.

Peck . power. activity. vigour.

Peck seems to be derivab le fromthe Gaelic fiaelt. worth. value.

without powerorvigonrof bodyormind . WorneaterJn his tfit»tionary. derives this word tromumw w ssas eammm

56 Few - Fey .

mmmmmmindalte imFat lat folk are uye h in o

'sne snither.

o—Amn W ife Sat: PM .

Poon levil l see himo’u hifl rn h.As/mtlaas n wilhered ruh.

- Bmu¢s : D al ian) .

That W e [owed - Nata: Am.

Fell. to kill.

The dsta ol n hdmvho had died ol uhefl iumdmmmoled with byn frieud, who ssid to het,

" l hnd hoped

your sisw would have lin dmnyyean .

”

“ Leml”she replied.

“ how oould she

h eve. when she just fella! heml' at

Feud. to ward ofi—probably n

alsomenns towosper ordowell.possibly fromthe ideaofmd

ing ofl wnnt or poverty.

Csn shemk ‘me hetterfiml foc themBut git themguid coo-mill: their fill.T ill they he fit to/ad themul'.—Buu s : DriverWord: d iary- N eill}.

Hmmds n shed lo/ad the show s .

- Bms Th H oly Fair.

How is heM ’

. John Tod. John Tod?He iswouriag dse laudv i

'

nmin hishmd.

Fendy. clever at oontrivsnoes indifficulty. good at making ashift.“ Alice.

”he n id,

“mbothamysndw i

‘- Soon : Wan da.

Ferlie, o wonder, to wonda,won .

Ouhl slmhifls

Me befd u‘cfba

Nevet htmthe out ol l‘hi sndmke yout

And lell whatmumiou's eomiu'.mmume fotk in um—Buuus : TMTwaDm.

Ferlie and wonner. ln this

he tmnslates eq eddug alaeer ;but there is no suoh word ns

fero‘

g in the Genmuh ngmg‘o.

of the English wonder ; aeon

temptuous and ludicrous term

ugly. ill - favoured . ormean ;almost synonymous with the

modern English slang uguyoram Bums uses both wordsin the same poemzHA ! vhmye guun .y

e crswlin’

fi d ic l

Y e ugly. creepin'. blastitw ,

Detented. shunned by n int snd sinoefi

laud . qn o s Bomwl d CAmd .

Ferrikie. Jamieson cites this asan Upper Clydesdale wm-d for

He derives it

ing purpoees. the Bootohmore explain this word to meanterselymy land to fat.

"

There is. or wss lstsly, s spsoe ol unoccupied ground outhe

" Conuf'

st0bsn .oontignous to Dunoils stleJn themidstd which on s polems bosrd inscribed

An English bishopon his holidsy tour hsving observed the

announcement . sod wondering what it

M turmd to his v ife snd n ked her

U she ltnew. She did not. snd the bishop

mat to“ fire.

"

fromthe French / n .

“ Very likely.“

n plied the lsdy,“to burn

them"Betme the hishop left O bsn

his ignorsnce on the subjectmdispelled

by s guest nt theMk -d'w s of the hote l

to whomhe spplied fa information .

“Ceriumlanguage, the Scotch !

”was

his lordship‘

s rejoinder.—C . M.

doomed ; one whose fate is

the Gaelic jam, 0 prophet, the

Let the fnte fnll upon thefq at.Thine w e of theman that God hasmarked. for he ‘

s no” .

—Au. suRAusAV'

s Sab MWe

’

ll turn sp in . ss id good Lord John .

hlysteedls trepenned.mybridle

1k n this day l‘m/ q .

M gi t/w Scotti“ em.

snd hewed.

smooth and comfortab le,"

Oh. leeseme onmy spinnin‘-wheel.

And leeseme onmy rod t snd reel.Fue up tomthst deedsme bien .And hspsmefid snd wnrmst e‘

en l

word used by Burns fromtheIcelandicfsadr. habitis idorem;

pitshis ; and possibly it is in

this sense that Bess applies theword to the spinnin

’- wheel that

provides her with raiment.

O'

s ksil rm- Bumts : 14m.

Jsmieson. who has fcil andflat. defines the words tomenusoft and smooth like velvet.

silky to the touch, and alsoclean, neat. comfortsb The

wordmust not be confoundedmfd k de whioh sisnifymuch, many. and very. andare clearly derivable fromtheTeutonic vial, which has the

samemeaning ; ns vielgd t,much

Fient. none. not aparticle of ;equivalent to the devil abit.

"

fi a the devil ; flcn¢-Aoit.notmiotg the devilabit.

But thongh hemo‘

high dw .’

l‘

hefiont o’

pride—nse pride hnd he.- v : “ M M

The queerest shspe thst e‘

er lmw.

Fwfial smne it hsd svs l

58 Fibre—Flaw.

Fin is h-lend s comrsde. This M ucms to bemetmbleword is supposed by some tc be

cistion of the wad. Both arecorrect if the etymologybe cor

And sieuu hl nd o thifle reot, which traces the wou'd to- Bmtus : “ um

This wordmay either be a

the Gselio fesr, nmsn . crmsybe derived frcmfior. truo. or struemsn. The Scottish poet

Douglas hss flor for sound andhealthy. It is scmetimes spelt

far.

First- foot. the first person who ismet hylsd orlsss in themorning.

Entlymorning she drest upAnd sli hermides (s ir.

The ploughlnsn chiel was herfl n lfi dAs she went to tsite the s ir.

Gs'

l cver for sM in the Psrh fatetmy d n cd e biM- N x tadm .

Fhmfoo. According t smiesonthis word signifies agsudilydressed women, or any gaudyornament of female dress. He

derives it froman alleged old

English wordmeaning “moonshine in the water ! It seems.however. to ccmetromthe0selicflown. corrupted intofiom, red .

the showy colour somuch udmired by people of uneducatedtaste conjoined with the Scot»

wool. In the early age. of

civflin tiomwhen wool wns firstwoven for garments to clothe

were red anayellow. In Hakloyt

’

e Voyages it is said—“ Bychsncetheymet s osnoeofDomigave awaistcoat of yellow fiannel.

”Probablyred was the first

dyeused.whencefloan - olavm. red

wool. At an after time. whengaudycolourswere not somuchin request, thewool was bleached . whenceW orNe tiquette,whitened.

[ cadmbe surprised to spyY ouon sn snld wife

’sfiumtcyhsp).

Or s ihlins some bit duddie hoy.O n

's wyiie -coat :

ButMia’

s fine larnudi. fy lHow dsurye do

'

t l«A lums : Te s la-m.mat ing ” :

an d Lady‘

sM ad amM or MEN . aM of

lightn ing. s sudden hlsse in thesky ; £rcmthe Flemishfismv-msndflikbsf imw fiioherJ o sh ine

out quioklyor instsntsneously.

Th e thmdamk'a d id rifi

Fme the bisck v'mrd o’the lift.

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Theyfiykmewi'Jamie hemae he is poorBut summer h comin'

. auld winter’san .

An'

he'

ll come haclt an ’

seome iuapiteo

‘

then e‘

Hod !W e ! ye'

re aMu’

hodfiY e hue the wfl hut yemt the wit.—StaAunummBeam : A Muri

Floan, to flirt. Jamieson mysthe “

flee -t means to show

attachment. or court regard inan indiscreet way.

"and derivesthe word fromthe Icelandicflow. stolidus. Is it not ratherfromthe old English jam.arrows (Halliwell and Wright),whencemetaphorically to dartglances fromthe eye. and con

sequently to flirt or cast amorous looks ? The Kymric Celtichas flay», a splinter, a thin

wand, an arrow.

And forycn giglet hun ieu the glen,That uight and daymM at the

Flunkey. a w ant in liverymetaphoricallyapplied toaperson who abjectly Hatters the

to litemture nntil the time of

Burns. Thackerayand Oarlylein our own day havemade itmoet recent lemicogrophmhavenotadmitted it or imderivative.W MMM MMdictionary.

Oa h hdmin hh n ckwms,

Nu n s.

pronouncedfodyell plump, ehort .corpulent, and good~tempered.

A man in Scottish parlancemay be stout and plumpwithout hemeW . as l odge!implies good nature. urbanity,and cheerfulneas . as well as

l f in your houndaye chanee to lightU pon -M fud itbt.

That c hefl narlt weel.—Bum: a. mPenn

-faction: J

He dmwhen he liltes himel‘ .Mt o his hell.

—Bun ta: Tt a .

The word is supposed to be

derived fromthe Gaelic flasm,red,and cas, n leg or foot—red

legs,applied to the red or orimson plush breeches ot foot nen .

The word red - shanks was applied to the kilted Highlandersby the English, and hence theHighland retort of flunkey to

the English.

l thinlt this derivation vrcog z w ln

Fog -moss—Fou.

self to the ideas andmannersof the new generation . The

derivation of this word . which

Thackeray didmuch to pcpularise in England. is uncertain,

though it seemsmost probablethat it oomes from“ foggy.

”ior

a108W.misty, hazy intellect,unable to see the things thatare obvious to clearerminds ;or itmay be fromthe Gaelicfupoirq an exile abanishedman .

In the United States the wordis generallyapplied toan ultraCmervative in politics .

Ay. though we he

We‘

re not eo dulledas not to dineAnd not so old

As to be cold

To wit, to besuty. and to wine .

—A ll lk¢ YmRun-l .

Fogwmossi oggagewall graasusedfor fodder. The etymology isis fromthe Gaelic fodor ; butthis scarcely affords aclue to

Mammy be acorruption of

the old and not yet obsolete

M 709 0

Thymhit housie too in ruin lludfly wa

‘s the windamstrewin

’

.

An’

nnething lefi to big anewane,emM

An’

bleak December’s winds emin’

.

- Bvu s ToaMom.

addition to.

Foremost. In English this word

In Scottish parlance it alsosignifies first as regards time .

Theymade apaction ’

twix t themtwa,Theymade it firmand sure .

That whoe’

er should speak the /firms:

Should get np an’

har the door.

Fodoughten, sometimes writtenand pronouncedforfougltmmornout with struggling or fatigue .

Yet unco proud to leave—Burns.

l ambut like n k d ’

ot ound.Has been fightiog in

FW ance upon atime.- Buu s : TA:mm

Forjeakit, varied out. jaded. exhansted ; derivation uncertain .

butmobably fromthe Flemish

Fen.M . is generallysupposedto beacorruption cfM(i s . of

liquor) ; but ifsuch were the factths word ought to be contrscted

into fit’

, as waefia'

, sorrowfu'

,

or sorrowfou. Poe, in Frenchmight be l pplied to an intox i

62 Foulm—Fusxbnless.

ated person ; but if tbe Scoto

tish phrase be not derived tromthe Frenct ought to be writo

ten fit‘

, and not fun. Possib lythe root of the word is the

Gaelic fuoth (pronouncedM).which signifies hatred, abhor

have been applied to apersoninahateful andabhorrent state

isamere suggestion. Jamiesonhas jomon , filthy. impure, ohscene.

We are na‘

fl n , we'

re na’ thatfi n,

We‘

ve justawce drap in our e'

e.

—Bun ts : Willi: 8m0 Peck

Foutermn ex pression of extremecontempt for ahateful person.

The Freneh foue -e has themme.and evenaworsemeaning. Both

the Lowland Scotch and the

F'

rench are tromthe GaelioandCelucfnua, hatred.

F outh or row th. abundance.

has the same aigniflcation, “is frommor roll , to flow on

likeastream.He hasal ohao

'

auld knick-nackets,Rustyaimand jinglin '

jad neta—Bua~s : To CM Grew.

They that humao'

buttumay lay

reluted, unfamiliar ; fromthe

Y e ha'e lien a‘mng las ie.l nan unco hed,Wi'afimitmart—Bum

Andmouyafrieud that ltissed his cauplamafimxu

’

t wi‘ht.Bet h

'

s ne‘

er sae wi’WhialtyJean.

- Buu s The Fin: cm.

0h, woe hetide thefi ub auughmd

l t bl 'l k intomy trne love's hand.

and over- eating ; full ofmeat

Am .

M out of doors. to go iorth,to go out. The «mmJ s

the fnll , free open air. M y,

who sets forth erputs torth ; a

SirPenny is ot’

anobleapreit,AM mmdataraeeand

The e is no uutter eads ooutpleitTill he set to hisaefland hand.

—A PM u d’

r‘ e :

F3: I—Fym.Forseven huyears l ha

'

e lain byhin ide, Fykg tobe ludicrouslyand iussilyAnd he

’abutafim’

n lmbodie, 0 l

Themouths of tastingmultitudes aremmed wi'fi nak n hminstead ol thew eet w d inaeuoa—Scor'

r : OHM»

M ien —b i w ey's Dictiouary the

word /Gen m ‘fl he natun l juioe ormoistmd the grmor other hc bg the

hw tmd atrength oi it z“

uaed in Suffolk—R n nn mm.

Fy l or fye l This ex clamation isnot w ho confounded with theEnglish fye l or O fyc/ or the

asmild reproofs of anyact oi

Fyl Ict usa’

to the bridal.For there will be lilting there

i ocit'

s to bemarried to junie,'

l‘

he la- wi‘

the gowden hair.

In this old song. all the incidents and allusions are ex

make haste l Fye-gue- to.

he says.“meansmach ado, u

great hurry ; and fye hate, averygreat bustle ahurry.

"He

gives no derivation. As the

Teutonicmnnot supplyme it

is possible that the root is the

in which aense “ I’ye l let usa'

to the bridal,“might be trans

us all go

busy about trihes. to be rest

akin tofidgd , which is possiblyfromthe same root. The word

fybeandfldd em-filware intouaiflcations d themeaning. andimply contempt for the pettytrifling of the person who

fyba.

Some drowsy bummle.Whacan do nought butM and fumble.

Bonus : o n en es s“

Gin he‘

hout Norrie latter/Sik h“made.

- Ross’

s fl cmWeaning thatane sac brawand guide lilte

Fytte, the subdivision of alongpoem.nowoalledacanto . Percy.

in anote in his “ Ancient Re

liques,”considers the word to

signifynomore than n division,

apart to“ fit

"on to another.

As the bards of the Druids . whosung in their rel igious festivals,andwhodelivered theirpreceptsto the people in short verses of

couplets or triads—better for

committal tomemory than longpresc homilies would have been—were calledfiodluor prophets .

it is poesible thst thatword. andnot the Englishflms Dr. Percymmthe origin of [masapplied to the subdivision of a

Gabbock—Gale.

Gabbock ,ahunk. alarge piece or

And there'

ll he

Fouth o'

gude guux h o'

dn te.

Gabedunfi q awanet or bag carried by beggars for collectingin kind the gifts of the charitable ; whcnce guberhmriemabeggar.

0h . blithe be theaule W e- a,

He'

s awarmSootch heart an' n hl -aid

sung l—Ju z s Es tuari ne .

To love hsr foraye he gied her his nith.Quo

'ahe. To leeve thee l will be laith.

M ak ing /mar. )

Much research and ingenuityhave been exercised to flnd the

etymological origin ofthis peculiarly Soottish wm'd. Jamiesonsays that ”ceriumor guberMyismeaus abeggnr’s bag or

wallet . and implies that the

word has been transferred fromthe bag to the bearer of it.

Gait . the English gore, an inserticn in askirt . robe. or other

article of dress z alsoastrip of

adifl'

erent oolour inserted as a

plait or ornament, sometimeswhich the sword orotherwenpon

was suspended ; guts-cd orpair-y,

strmkedwithmanyooloursmiebald, asagoiry0017 or horse.

Y oung johnstouhadannobrown sword

Hung low dovn by his tu’

r,

And be fitted it thumgh theyoung colonel.That word he never spah

'mair.—Hn o

’

s (Inflation : Yaw / club s .

Merwind is referable to the

ing. lamentation ; pale , (gala).to call. to invoke ; anemia-Ea,mourufuI. sad, so called becauseof tbe whistlimpiping sound

cm, to sing. whence ”new .

the bird that sings by night .

The wad is usually derivedfromthe Teuton ic, in which

Gallic-M 'M .

Gallic - w . making a loud M a dd ensivewenpons fl romlently without sense or reason .

M al lustet-ing .

talkative . and conceited fool .Tmtwo words seemto be

derivable fromthe Gaelic gd

even in oolloquial English . do

constant duty in the b owlandScotch ; they are all derivedfromthe Flemish. Gw and

the Englishm.and gok is theroad orway bywhich one goes.“ Gong yourain gote.

"means goyour own road , or have your

The English gate.signifying adoorway. abarredor defended entrance arelic

A p al t'

w l'

ll dearly rue .

—Bumts.

armour. and the French yards

He wields hlsgmdia.

O rat the womt hisa'

t onkenmfl)

sig nifies. according to Jamieson .

“ follyand revelling of afrolicsome kind.

"He thinks it is

soas to createapainfulmd discordant noiae . Thewordand thecustomare both of Celticox-igin .

andare derived fromthe Gaelicgoo

-oh. rough . and MM or

M able noise ; also the

cattle. The inifial g or c of tbeGael ic is usually softened into

E

words of a similarmeaning .

Gib -smot he deflnesas “ to hold

amerrymeeting with noise andriot.

”He attempts no etymo

logy. It seems. however. thatmisery isakin to the Frenchclurimrimrthe loud. dmcordsntuproar of what in England iscalled marrow bones andcleavers . whatagang of rough

son—such. for instance. as averyoldman who hasmarriedavery young wife—by beatingbones against butchers

' ax esand clmvers. or by rattlingpoursand shovels against iron

Gash— Gaunt.

the English and French ch, asthe b in kirk becomes ch in the

English clam-eh.andas the Latincamand the l talh n ccrobecomeolwr in French.

Gash, eagacions, talkative. Jamieson defines the word. as averb .“to talkmuch in aconfident

way. totalk freelyand finently;”

and as an adjective, “shrewd,

algaciona."It seems derivable

fromtheGaelicgaifl pmnounmdgarb), atorrent. an overflow ;the EnglishM i n , an over

flow or torrent of words, andhence by extension ofmeaningapplied to one who hasmuch tosay on every subject ; eloquent.or. in an inferior sense. loqnacions .

Heman dand faithful tyire .

—Bonns : 7»Two Day .

Here (museuminMid (with.

—Bunus : Th: Holy Fair .

And dts dmhy thc fiw—l dau.

Guide. w “my.

”h p - d e tail in nmrd cufl .

- Bum: Th ruwaq .

And sits down by the tire .

- Buw s : The Hob Fair.

perhaps l t hasalmouthe nmemeaning” M ,wixh the additional idu of du :un like the English use of the word“W

“fl iowb i—C ionnmmh

'

l‘

he Scotch nseM law n”

run way

Gandmhar Aheahaft ofaxflonghgandw an . aploughphoy. The

withastick or prong. The wm'dis derived fi omthe Gee licMaprong.abarofwood cr iron.and

Young Jackiem(be blithest ladl na‘ ocr town or hmava' ;

Fn'

bllthe he whistledat theml .Fn

'

lightiy danced he in the ha’

.

l‘

ve thmmischievcns hoys.Rumdeils for rantin’and for noiseAm ane ,athmher t'other.

- Bvlws :mi n-mar] .

Your: rmGulf or gawf. aloud. discordantlaugh ; the Englishalangm.

According to Jamieoon, it wasused by John Knox . 0mm, akindred word . signifies alargemonth wide opened ; whence.

TM w'

tbe w d z iedam—Ax.u n Rm“: A Emi ly

ish gopagand the Engliah gcpc,which. according to the lateJohn Kemble. the tragedian ,

onght to he prononnced with

the hrcnd a. aain ah. 0magiggnng . fighb hmded pemn,seemato beaword cf themmemontage. Gov-p ic is aailly

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Gms—Gr'elangtr.

Ger“ .

son , is well known in the

ruling partyvote himontat thenex t election . This they call

gsrm’

ng him. or tnrning himout to gem. The phrase .

”he

adds.“ is evidently borrowed

m agelding ; gw ,.cnt

To cut or shorten . rather thanto graz e or turn out to grase .

appeara, poa Jamieson . to be

the real root of the word .

ejectedat short notice. towhichthe Gaelic etymology of gem-r

more force than thatwhich he

rivation be fromthe English gsyorthe Gaelicma ln vnlgarEnglish. whu

“jolly

”ismm

The word is sometimes fol

lowed by on’

. as in the phrase“

gey an toom," very empty ;gsy on fon ,

"verydrnnk. The

well in health. is probably tromthemme sonrceas gq .as in the

and Edinburgh,“ How

'

s a’ wi'

yathe day?” “ O h, gailies .

gailies l" The editor- oi Noam

4mm, Edinburgh, 1866.

erroneously eeplains gcy cn to

YwmmW and hailia.

l canmay hot tq o p wa.

Mr.M d DM vhou hn d w

h igmanlop it coald contzio yoon

used for “gay.

" “ajolly lot”

would be equivalent to the Scottish “agcywheen .

”In Gaelio

go is an adverbial prefix , as in

go hair, plentiful or plen tifully,

whence the phrase, whisky

M 0

”

plea” 01 "N i ki ; 9“

for, with truth or truly.

Amfller hughingat himfihe fool ol theM fmbh widmmme fooh n id.“ These are some thirml kmaod somethinp l dinnahen.

“O n heingaslwdwhat

be ltnew. he said,“ l kenamiller haaaye

" g erm!" “ And what do ye oom7~mmmiller.

“ l dinnakeo atwho

’

s expense she'

s («if - Dean Ran .

uv’

s Rmii-c'xma.

word ismabbreviation ol the

request to gin longa'orgis k nger

time to payadebt but this isdoubtful. The Flemish andfordebt yijsdiugmrrest iordebt,and yiel d ban n er, 3 debtor

'

s

“ e p eedyman aui the p '

cb narm

Gilli -”age, to plunder, also to

live riotously. uproariously. "Id

violently ; fromthe Gaelic gills,ayoungman , and w e , liti

Y e had better stick to yoarauld tn de o’

nowte than uationa—Soon : R ei k o} .

W e ar sflpermmcy ymsgirl.

imammenfl ’mm(map- st i lln e

lmiad wben l wasap 'W o' alas- 1d .mmw mmw w m

Gmwhfl i u in yiwl flsnifl“

(f

And l nyeeiladup o’

dew,

Into hu boanie beeal t to fa’

.

cal Scottish word gin is stronglycorroborative of Home Tooke'sinference.

Girdle agrimron or brander, acircular iron plate used for

Wi‘ quafi ncand dafi og .Theyuntedand they sang,

marline brocht her leebbuck ben,

W h omfimwm: 8

person who was always on the

An’

hk gh ifi t wflg j eannie BelL—Tk MM 8 n’

d-L J

Gimel, amml - chest ; fromm.

M and bcmd .

Amaist as roomyas aminister's p ’

rw l .

Glack , aravime, aclett in the

Deep i'

the gb d and round the well,

G laik. g laik it, giddy- hmded,

“ MC UIU GWU.

O nmding tbe pame in tbemble to

achild where the words occur,“li e tcok

Paul ‘s t irfl r,”the child n id withmoch

confidence,“ I ken what he took that

for.

”O n being s hed to explain , she

replied at once,“ To bake his bannocks

on l"

- Du n Rutsav.

70 Glamour.

Mmafllyh onmdlly.

low : ama vain. filly

That freqoent pass dooceWisdom's doorFor( law Folly: portals.—Buu s : Adina to tin UmGe“.

Wi’

iii- ( U H ! wife,Je nnie Bell.

G lamour. enchantment. witchcraft. fascination ; once sup

posed to be fromthe Gaelicglue, to seiz e, to lay hold of,

to fascinate ; and our , great ;whence great M ination, or

magic not to be resisted. Lord

Neaves thought the word was

adopted by lilnglish writers bothof prose and verse, and has be~

come familiar in the oonvermtion of educated people. It

sign ifies the kind of halo,

fromthe imagination ; the high mmwith Jamieson , and darives it fromgl inmor glitter,

the W W expm “ afalse lustre,acharmon the

diflerent fromwhat theyare.

"

in English. l ts etymology has This etymology is ph usiblaandwill po- ihly be acoepted byall

lish phi ld omsome few of

whom, however, have dh ooo

vered, as they thinh akindredorigin for it in W J romtheIn flam w cry out ormake agreat noise. l t is pos

at the root of the poetiwm

agloriiied repute ; repute itself

being the outwardmanifests»tion of the popular belief inthe ex cellence of the person

or thing spoken ot and whichwould not be lmown unless forthe spoken opinion or voice of

themultitude, which givesandtbe Gaelic and British lanmmM signifies umsound, recalling the classicalembodying of Fameasan angelblowing atrumpet,making aloud sound ; and flair signifiespraise loudly ex pressed, andthereforeglory. In likemanner,glamourmay resolve itself intothe two Gaelic words, gloodlo,

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72 Club - Glands.

Junie-on dalyce guy fromthe l celandio and Swedish, un

fromglue. to ask s, to snatch .

to lay hold of quickly.

shine forth , to peep out . Fromthe same root as the English

glossathe 'l'eutonicywnses ,and

And in atkwf.mychild. ye'll find itmYet cheerfully thoufl r

'

nld forth

—Bvaus : ToaMountainMay.

The riain'

sun cwre Gah tonmuir

Gler. to squint : w or dalecrooked, aslant, in the wrongdirection ; probably fromthe

Gaelic yh‘

, the left hand, awk

‘

l'

here‘

aatime tofl q andatio e to iookGland s- ody he came here yeatreen,And speiled when l uw l

’ate.- Jauas Curators, "65.

The be s- laidM olmiaandmcnGang sh q lov .

- Buns s : To . MM

cub -gabbee hmng uthe gmot

the ssh .

" w as slim? withfromthe Gaelic 9 166 or glich,

alipmmnd rcbwmonmAod thatM H ighland buuu,

J um'yaal l ’n-ycr.

Glifl'

. amoment,aahort siumber,s nap .

l‘

ll win out n fl the night fora‘

that,to dance in themoonlight - Soon : The

Laid dowaon her bed for ath’

l l”

naid her grandmotherw—Soofl TAU “ .

Gloaming, the twilight ; fromtheword has been adopted hy the

When ance life’

s day draws near itsf laming .

—a ss : To [ umSm“.

T wist theM aod themirk,When the lrye come hame.

Glov er. to look stupidly or in

toutly, to glare, to stare.

Y eM at themoon and fell inthemidden - Atun Rnussv’sScolrf’ml amahard ol no regard.Wi’ gende folhsanda

’

that ;

Fmtown to teemi draw that.

HeonlyM ather, taking no noticewhatever of her hinu—A Tamra:

Glanch ,anangryfrown,asulkyorforbidding expreasion ofoountenance .

" Toytanehand gloom,"

one who has a frowning ermome countenance ; fromtheGaelic glona, aqualm,afeelingof nausea; glomoek, one Whohasadiaagreeable or stuptd u

Conrail—Compact.audibleanred nn to diaoontent inaau‘ie

«W m;mamlog . silent caps- l ion of duh -ma.R . Dummy .

M a fod . n lond~talkingtool ; tromthe Gnelic gam, toneyalang

“ Giveus none of yonr

or loud bellowing. ie trcmtheroot of gomu.

B e‘

s naogbt botagmrfanever tin d ot

Gm adnh y ; gomy. epfl n

hled with gowans or daiaiee .

Ch ooerwas pnrtinl to tbe worddaisy, which be derived from“ day

's eye ; thongh it iamore

probably to be traced to the

Gaelic ruin .may. aprettyflower. The word gom, to a8cottiah w . in farmore beenti~

Tbe nightmfairJ hemoonmnp .

Gowfl or goofl'

. to pnll violently.

summmmmunm.

And litht J t -Ummhfi r).

Gowh the cnckoo ; nlso n {ool . cr

apex-mwho hu bnt one idea

themmeY e hreed o

’the gvfl , ye hae never e

tong but arm—Anu s M aui‘s Soot:PM .

W M pol ed np vi’

windywlde.

—Bum: Ti c B rig: ( Ayn

w mw ; frmthe

Flemishmp3. which has the

to add amw the ahns- bag el the

Gowl. to weep loudly. to whineand blubber ; fromthe Gaelicout, with the namemeaning.

The French hu guculc.amouththat ie very wide open . Gout

also eignifies latge and empty;as “agowl or gowhou houee ,

”

and “s pot-Hahollow) between

the hills ;"

poeeibly allied in

Ne'

ermayM'

uk rtnne‘

smbarltHowl throngh the dwelling o

‘

the ck rk.- Buua: ToGaer

’

r- H¢ndlb n .

Gmlmeans to bawl. to howl . he t hutheadditionnl ideaofthmteniuorufl ifying . Toml atapumiatoapealt in aloud threatening tone—" He giedme athe weans?“

l have an idn that thie hone ol the wordathat hare cupt into the

Sectch throngh the French —R. Drum.

tutu.

74 Crack—Cree.

am Themilterwonld have hnd hntatcan ty

“mouter”if hisgvo}a had been

onlyabandfn l. An od inarybeggarwon ldgu anievefn

’

o‘muh but aweel kent

ane and atavocrite woold get amHmyon never heard the cmcial teat olhemuked "

ing him. hemenlightened by the ex

planation that it was “twaneivefu

'

o'

clairta. ”—R . Batman .

Grad e . well - behaved, graceful, of

Signifying thatan onlydanghteris likely to be spoiled by over

l ikelyto beaeagreeabIe inmanners as if she had eietm'e to

Gradden . the coarsemeal that isground in the quern by hand.

Gdnd the gn ddn . grind it ;We

'

ll

An'

bannoch ateeve to bind it.

t ky guathébnrlt ol lifeDrivemerrilyand rarely.Bntp addtuuthc balln t gnnl t steady gangand fairly.

- R . Jameson : Tk L ib .

Y e'

ll bid herahoe her steed bd'

ore

An’agowd p d tfl t ehind.

G ramarye,magic ; Frenchmemoire. amagic - book . Attemptshave beenmade to derive thisword fromgrammar. It iemoreidw attached to the FrenchW reahe immediate root of

the word). that it comesm'iginally fromthe Gaelic gmim,gloom,melancholy. wrath , in .

geste ite origin fromthe Fx-enchMm,and gorn ; bnt doeenot explain themean ing ofgom.

whioh doeanotappeu in French

Themdappemtobe rigbtlyW and not glen or glmudmand to be dmived fromtheGaelic grain. hon -id1 disgusting.

andmach , when . surly,moroae,gloomy,grim. fwwn108Whate'er he did elm .

Wasalways donemaliciously.

Loy a/ McLatMinstrel .The wild yelland visage strange.And the darlt woodaol gmmn

- Idm.

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76

Grip, tenacity.moral or physicalto bold fast .

that when he was drunk his feet wadnahand the grfi —Lc r

’

d gfbmLet that he aye your horder.

—Bosse z Emu. Yw M

Grog . amixture of spirits andwater ; uncally applied to hot

gin and water ” distinguishedfromrum-

punch and whiskytoddy. The wcrd ianow commen in England. and is sup

been first uaed by the sailors in

Grog.

" fromthe grogramjacketor cent which he usuallywore .

B nt groy was known and namedlong hel

’

ore the daye of Adtniral

use in Scotland . as well as inEngland. as croc. afterwardscorrupted into gang. The word

min Gaelio signideaahcrn.

need in districts and in houaes

for purchase . A horn ormc ofliquor was synonymous with aglass of liquor. and to ofl

‘

er a

guest aeroo or groy of sptrit

of any kind was the same asto invite himto take asocial

glan ; and in timc cmcoame toaign ify tbe liquor in the horn .

“ well aathe horn itaeu. To

Grid—Grace.

Grooi . the belly. so oalled fromitsrumblingwben deprivedoftood ;homtheGaelicgo-onmwmm),to growl .

Row'in'

youuel'

on the floor on your

M wi'

yoor hair on end and your e’

en

on fire—l ad uh wimGrue or grew . agreyhound.

l dreanadawearydreamyeatra’l wiah itmay corne to gnde :

l dreamed that ” slewmy ham

What h tmme ommunirland ‘

ram?Your lfl

’anow gmn liluawheelharrowtram;

Y e’

d the urq th o'auog thawaight o

'

acow.

ow. Tammy.myman. ye have grown—HmArrtsut : 7“ i

Amh afiemalegq otmd inthe 80uth c nglandmcoording

invite aman to take afriendlylane is not to invite himto

take the glass itself, but thedrink that is in it. Home theword grog. which has, nomoreconnection with the grogramsuit of Admiral Vernon than ithas with the man in themoon .

"The French have the

phrue“crlo at area" in the

it aM M a grotesqueterm. for which it is difi cult

to account. The Dutch andFlemish call it aw ltMm'tracking- hound. The Italianscall the animl asdm. It is

fromw yn vhich is not its in

variable colour. Grey is not

adoptedas its designation byany

Philologyisthns jnatided in seekingelsewhere iorthe root ofgrae.

notaflord . The old grammar-innfi insbew thought he had foundit in grrsouaand that the boundmsocalled because theGreekshuntedwith it ; but this deriva

as is that tromyrip . the hound

tromthe Lowlandam'may bebreath .andmother (pronounced

u greyhound only. An goor is

easy of corruption , first into

that this is the true derivationof aword that has long been

the despairofall lex icographerswho were not so confiden t asMinshewand Dr. Johnson .

Gruesome, highly ill - favoured .

disagreeable. horrible. cruel .

Grate. to shudder. to be horrified .

Fromthe Teutonicgems, horror9mm horrible, cruel ; and

has been recentlyused by someof the best English writers,though not yetadmitted to theAe dayas Death. thnt gm arle.Weadrivin‘ to the ither waruworld) .

—Buas s : Vmab j . Rab at .

And now. let us cirange the diacourae.Th eaeucriamke one '

smy bloodgvm.

They’

re the H ieland hills. said the

Bailie ;“ye

’

llaee and hear eneuch aboutthembei’ore ye aee Glax ow Green again.

I domlcolt at theual nemaae them,hut theygarrnem"—Soo1“r : R ei k o} .

a snub nose or snont ; erro~

Grugous or allagmgous , gflm.ghastly. disagreeable. morose.illgnatured ; fromthe Gaelicgrag.moroee. ill - oonditionedandsurly. and with , all .Whllltadded horrcr to hiamien .Am aight he waa. lmu.

78 Criteria—Game'

s.

—Bum: W MAkin to the Gaelio gmMil .

ugly. l ;oathsome “ W e“.

Grunz ie .aludicrons name for theoriginallyto the snout ofahog.in reference to the grunting oi

the animal. (8aGnome. )ButWillieh wife is naeaae trig.She dightahergn aul

’

cwi’ahnahon

—Bum: Sir e WM“mmGmhie d n pid gmfl hmy

The dureat con fort o'

their livea.Theirgmhfc wansandwthful wivu.

- Bum: Th M M .mammA yeld (harren) row waane

’

er gcod to

[ van —ALLAN M uir’

s Sat: Pro

Myhairn has tocher o’

herain.Although hc friends dome her len

’

.

A nirlx. aataig. anacre aawn.A gosaa. am. adocking -hen .

Gmto cpdnklo t z frmiflmfl

The Scottishms has awldermeaning, and is applied both

The son wasnaup. but themoon wasdown.

l t was the gn’

n iag of new fa'

n snaw.

Gnller. an indistinct noise in thethroat . (SecGown. )Between agruntmgmanmndap flrr

Gullie orgullfl sometimes writtenM ’s I pocket- knife ;game-

gore. a broil which

and used. W id owed

ing to Jamieson. is a noisy.

his threatening the knite. lmtnot using it.

i rede ye weel. talc’

care o'altaithSee. there

’

sagain - Boas t .

The caries ol’

ltilmarnoclz had rpits and

And lang -hahed gorilla to kill Q ualiert .—S taWane: Scor'r : Boar

'

s pm.

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tion , thongh spelled with 6 in

stead of u, are gimic, peefl sh

Gnrthic, corpulent. obese, largeround the waist or gmh.

Appliud upocially to vhn bndmthe

stomach. Roquefofl renden it fmu,

W ham —1mm.

Gntcher. agmndfather. This nn

gainlyword seemsO

to beaoor

Gu'

n wi’

yonr ph itfig anld Dond d.

l fw mtk ud d bhmme ddi mlhcm’

.

Y emight hemymck r l anld Donald.gse

‘

vn l- HmnMu s ing : Cmu dt r

is rendered themore probableby the common use of the word

Hum“. given in theanoient

conclusively shown to he de

rived tromthe Ge elie, and to

be tmoenhle to ar. abattlc

palmbird , whenoe ar pigka. aharpy. the bird of the battlefleld,thegrutcurion hawkormlture.

l n d likemw we am hmhannted v i

’

gh ists aadan -W M

man iar husband. The Frenchuse been or balls in asimilarsense. as beau-

pets. afather- in

law ; belle- flue . a. daughtetwinlaw ; belle-mere . 3 W in

law. Possib lytheEnglishwords

putsofsootland thennmegiventoawoman snspected of witohcraft . and is from”re, th e

Teutonic gain . avulture, andout-tim, an old woman . The

harpies in Grecianmythologyure tepresented as having the

are fnbled to devour the bodiesof warriors left unburied on

Hedda—Hag ue

Hadden and dung . a phrasethnt signifies

“ held down nnd

beaten ,

”i n , held in bondage

terite of ltold, and dw , the

preterite of ding. to beat or

strike. (8aDm0 . )

W W W .

Oh fi adie b s owsen en’silleran

'mA boman'ahnddimnn'

f thinp ‘orbye

But l’

d n t’

her ha‘

e Jamie wi ’

s bonnet in

Thn l n d he’

eSAndiewi‘

hom-s nn ‘

land.

M awhit. nn iota; deil o haa,the devil abit.

Mahatman ‘

hdiu nm,Wi‘ evendmwant o’w k ure cnm;They leiw .W ‘ s h nk aad luy.M W M W M N nu - sy.

In Bartlett’s Dictionary of

Americanisms theword occursas hate.

l don'

t w e nuu—l didn‘

t cat c h “.

Haf ets or hafi b , the long hairdmd soapplied to the long

mew - the cheeks . but as used

His lyart“fi t:mrin'

thin an ‘

hare.

- Boss e z CW : 34W NW .

Lyart signifies grey, fromtheGaelic 1M. grey. and Ham.

Hamins, almost or nearly one

half, formed fromW and tin .

pertain ing to orapproaching towards half,as in with?»(which

While j eanie l qfl imisafn id to speak.Wed plased themother hmhc

'

sm

When it‘s unlit. row’

d end span,Then the work is bqfl iu done.

notmeant for grey cheeks. andcheeks, though theymay growthin, do not necessarily growbars. The etymology of Rafi“as long hair is unknown ; butsupposing it to be cheeks, Jamieson derives it fromthe Ann81 10a W ed. hal f head ,a

Heats, the national dish parneedle-tee of Scotland, which

shares with cock - s - leekie andhoteh - potch the particular Iavour of Scotsmen all over theworld. Sir Walter Scott descri bes it in the introduction to“ Johnnie Armstrong "

in themummy of the Scottish” as “an olio oommd

ei the liver. hmd , ac of a

32 flash ed—Hairs.

meal . onions. and spices , and that he knew the Gasl ic wordshoiled in the stosweh oi the aq ua. a face, and eogesseh,

animal by way of bag .

"In seemly, comely, sonsie . Any

TimBobbin'

s Glossary [tagand how. the coincidenoe is cnrions.

Magus are defined asmeaningthemy.

Helmert. homely. homeo lilte, or

Fd r fi‘

ywmw e fioe,

Amthemfl.muk.mm mmon .

Wedmye worthyOO

.m Y eo

‘c ‘e ‘mw hm wh h ng

'

s raymEm W . God bias her ! couldM down the hill—SCOTT : R46R0} .

An illustrious American .mulling in

dinner,when townrds the end of the n pn t

“W W W -raw in oe u

the tune ol “8ee the Conqnering xao

Hemverymuch amused at the incident. and havinghad mmh d the mfimd dmmtw pemke of it. He did not nppur to

ike hs bmun qmmmmw ng ukedhis opioiouol it. reptied tha “muaamust have been invented to give Sootmenun ex cuse forn dramof whisky nfiu it, touh themout of fi emmhf adding,“ But il l were n Sootsmaa bouldmke“‘ W k dnry to love inwich or with .

a“ W hat «socially with in"

The word . formerly spelled

the French M ia, n hash of

viands out into small pieces .fromteacher. tominoe . the nngmum, to cut . The dish is

quite unknown to the M ob .

though the etymology ig pog.

“W conect . The allnsion of

Burns to the “somie iace " of

Haimto preserve . to economies,so ss to prevent waste nnd ex

travagance ; to protect with ahedge or fence ; to spare forfuture use . Hal

'

s seems to bederived fromthe German ham. to enoloee with n hedge or

fence ; the Dunishm. with

the snmemenning ; and the

Dutch and Flemish m,mm, to feneem'ound . nnd

the prnoticnl idee of enclosinganything to protect it camethemetaphorical use of this

word in Bcotlnnd, in the sense

of preservation oi athing bymeens of cnre, economy. and

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84 Hatter—Hawks.

lastly. Bailie . because il l aawaaign o‘

your beunfingml w uld plafl ee that

could rucne n —Scorr z k d fl oy.

Hatter(sometimeswritten hotter)signifies,according to Jamieson ,

to bubble, to boil upandalsoacrowd inmotion or in confusion .

The English slang expreuion“Mad as ahatter " does not

apply—though commonly supposed to doao—toahat~maker,anymore than it does toatailoror ashoemaker. It seems toland Sootch fromthe t

at. to swell like boiling water.and mime/id, the swelling

and foaming cf waters as inaoatarach ani by extenaionof the imagmto the tnmultuous action of anoisy crowd .

Glossary botter signifies to vex .

and bettering.mad, verymad .

very vex ed .

Haugh. low ground ormeadowsby the river- side ; fromthe

Gael ic as . och, and each the

Let hnskywhcat the h q h adctn,Andaiuset up the irawnie born.

Haur.an eanerlywind ;and hoar,frost produced by an casted}

time- bane, the neck -bone ; h omtho nock.Y e shall ait on hiswhitem-éaqAnd l

'

ll pilte eut his bonny bhie een ;Wi'ae ludro' his yellow hairWe

’

ll theek ourumwhen it grmban .

To hamor halo signifies toembrace. ti e , to put the armsround the neck .

Haveril. ahalf-witted person . asillytalker ; £romhaim, to talknonsense ; the Gaelic chair. to

Pane l - oed l wmfeilafl’

the drifi,

And pud forwant o’bamahifi .

A rnnt was lilteaaowvtail.

Revers. oats ; ham-meal. oatmeal ; fromthe French eroinc.

O h, where did ye get that W

Oh, sillyanld body. dinnaye nee?l get it frae aaodger laddieBetwix t St. Johnstoun and Bonnie

“ 51 8700 03.

viour. courteous and kindly demeanour. personal aocompliahments which enc han thmceAmye seifi h wnfldlym

Hawkie—Hsckls.

Haw k i e. a pet name for

favourite cow or one who is a

Dawtit twaLpint ”W :mAs yell

'

s the bull.—Buaua Addvmto ti e Ds

‘

n'

l.

I'

d rather sellmy petticoat.Though it wmmade o'

silk .Thanaeilmy bonnie hronn flmb fe.That gies the sup o

’millt.

Brown hawkie, says Jamieson,

“ is a oant name for abarrel of themilk mmmc he w w . hmumiof drunkards'and topers. The

l lword is traceable to the Gaelic

n e w “ ” W W W

sdkaclt (pronounced w e or mw mmmmmmhawk), lucky, fortunate.

And were namy heart li‘ht l wad die.Hm mm;m —Lanr Gamer. Bums . 1

of heartiness . The word is of doubtful etyP'mwell to laduber. fmweelmmy jatn .Where M omv i

'

her i ha'

emony a

of joy. or of pain ; softenedfromthe Gaelic aid . On the

shore of Loch Ness, near thewaterfall of Abfioehes , where

the road is steep and difi cult.the rock near the summit of the didato at election time is aascent has received fromthe favourite amusement of voters .shepherdsand drovers the name who think themselves muchof “ Craig Oich.

" fromtheir

w h i ttling, “ oidu sick !"(in

theLowland Scottish . tech). The

English W ho is a kindred

posdbly of

Hes/tokens

In the twld

mmmmof ill - health .

Hechh to ofierJ o promise. This

verb seems to have no present

tense . no future, and no de

clensions or inflexions. and to

be onlyused in the past,as :Willie's rarg wmie'afair.AndWillie's wundrous bonnyd

And WillieM l tomrryme,Gin e

‘

er hemarried oey.

tonic cola. sincere. true, genuine—which apromise ought to be .

B eckie . a sort of rough combused byhempand flax dressers .

Metaphorically the word siguifies to worryaperson by crossquestioning or impertinence.

possibly be ; and of insolent

barristers in acourt of law ,

who cross -examine a hostile

witness with undue severi tyan operatimwhich is mtimescal led “badgering. Thmwan n well - known butcher in'lfiverton who alwaysmade it

apoint to keobls the h te ln rd

H smhip—H sr sax) : scl'.

Lord Palmerston bore the in

flictionwith greatgood - humour.puden t butcher in the wordy

Adownmy beard the alavmtrichle.l throw the wee stoois o

‘a themk kle,Aaronnd the fire tbe giglets lceckle

To seeme loup ;Were in tbeh' donp l

- Bum: Address es“: W .

Hemahedge unto his fn’

cnds,A l eutmhh foq lads,

And everyone that did himwung,He tenk himby the nooq lada

This was the son of the famous Rob Roy. and was calledRobin 09 . Chambers translatesRobin 0g,

" Robin the Little .

"

Op, in Gaelic, signifies notwas,butmm.

l ieership, plundsr ; fromla-ryor

Mfl'

ywo rob . w pilh 8&

He&. the haft or handle of akn ife . The hrfi of a swa'd

is called the hilt . To give athing

“ heft and blade," is togive it wholly and without re

striction ,

“stock . lock. and

bn 'rel .

"

smaammmmWhomhisain aon o

‘

life

Themhairs yet stuck

ber of personal pronouns as thesw am—w t ; do.

R ein- shinn'

d, havinglargeanklesiA6»or as , the augmentativeprefix in Gaelic to nouns and

Hermin cel’. “ his own self. and“my own self.

"This phme is

supposed bytheLowland Scotchto be the usual mode of ex »

pression employed bythe Highlanders. on account of the pancity of pronouns in the Gaeliclanguage.

w e

Mr. Robert Chambers , in anote on this passage, says :

“The

H ighlanders have only one prommd as it happens to re .

semb le the English word her, ithas caused the Lowlanders tohave ageneral imprwsion thattheymistake themasoulin e forthe feminine gender.

" Mr.

Chambers. knowing nothing of

Gaelic, was utterly wrong in

this matter of thethe pronouns.

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88 H frpk—HoddemGrU .

derivation of honey orManichut the fact that the '

l‘eutonic

nations do not draw the similarex pression of fondness . as ep

plied to awoman, fromMary,is worthy of consideration in

attempting to deoide the doubtiul point.

Hirple. to limp, to run with a

—Bunus : The Holy Fair.

And when wi'age we

‘

reworn data.An

'

h’

rffis'at the door.—7 ’

k Boar's Rm.

l'mapair sillyauldman.

—G£uKMu d Lrlmk .

Hirael. aflock,amultitude ; de«

rived by Jamieson fromthe

Teutonic h er, an army ; butear-ran, wealth (in Books andherds). and «mail . wealthy.

toarrange or dispose the sheepin separate flocksmnd hin ding.

the separating into flocks or

herds ; sometimes written andpronounced biad .

Macabbed eheep will nnit the hale

"10d ! mau.“ said he, “

yt‘

rr hi t tellinx ah

'f n l o

'

e‘

eodm(dowmigbt) ties. “

goons seat without absolutely

applied to the poeteriors in allturm w maming English . He is probablycorrect ; though . as a verb .m, which he cites. is not

to be {mind in the Swedish .Danish . Dutch , Flemish . or

An Engiish ‘entlemn once bouted to

the Duct f God oaof his fsmiliu-ity

M my bn w biriric,” n id ahe. Tabermmw u wefl n wiw pln he

my.

”—Du s RAMMY .

Hiz z ie.alass.ahurry ; atermofto beacmption oi kmvifc.

In the giosuryto the iin t edition of Allan

An hn d in sicawayas this is.—Bunrcs : Th Thu- Dar.

Hogmanay—Hoodock.

warmgrey. It was usuallyhome -made by the Scottish

psasantry of tbe Lowiands. andformed thematerial of their

Aman ‘

saman fora’ that—Buns“ .

l faman did his but tomurdaml

should not rest comtortably natil l kncwthat be was safe in aweilamtilated cell,with them M ent of ihe gaolupon hinn

M M TW .March a6, i 010 .

Hogmanaym- Hogmemy. This

is apeculiarly Scottish namefor afestival hyaomeans peculiar toScotland—thatof hiewYear’

s Day, a the last hoursof the old yearand the iirst ofthe new. On these occasions ,beiore theworld grewas prosaicas it is with regard to old

customs and Observances, theyoungmemmd sometimes theto the girls and women ot their

acquaintance, with words of

goodwill or afieotion . and verycommon lybore with themgiftsofmore or less valueaooordingto theirmuns. It wasatimeofgood

- iellowship . confl viality.

and kindly onioes . Many attempts have beenmade to traoethe word. Sme have heid it to

M ameadow .

Doun h agleahs spied nine armedmen .Outhe dowie b lus o

'

Yarrcw.

s’

Yan -vw.

- Bum: w auuwm

the French yeti, themistletoe,andmcr, to lead—cagm‘ sum,

to lead to themistletoe ; andothas,again . to the Gaelic pigs,

youth ; andmod/min , themorning. because the celebrationtook place in the earliest hoursof the daylight . It cannot beadmitted thatany one of these

derivations is wholly satisfacatory. Nobodyhas evu thoughtas looking to the Flemishwhich has supplied somanywords to the vocabulary oi the

Lowland Scotch—for a solution of the difi culty. In

that language we find hwy,high or great ;min . love,adsotion, and dog.aday—impatied¢g. tbe high or great day of

affection . The transition from£0051c to haym- oy,

with the corruption of day intosy, b easilyaccomplished . This

etymology is ofl’

ered with didi

dence , not with dogmaticassertion . and solelywith this pleaon its behalf- that itmeets themeaning better perhaps thanany other, or. if not better. atleast as well as the Greek .French , or Gaelic .

The glossaries ta ms ex

miserly.which isamere con

jecture fromthe contex t. to llt

it into “

purse- proud ;"whereas

ornithological ideaof harpy. avulture . The origin is the

French due. an owl. of which

varieties—gn ad duc. or greatowl ; past due. or little owl ;and lmnt duc. large. great owl.Possibly. however. the firstsyllable in hoodock is the English hood. The idea in Burnsis that of a greedy b ird or

harpy. Jamieson has “ hood“craw for carrion crow ; andhoody. the hooded crow.

Hool . the husk of grain . the iategument. the case or covering .

Ilk lrind o‘

corn has its ain w ;

l thinlr the wcrid isa'n ne wrangWhen ilkawife herman wad rule.

CM d eal”.

Poor Leexie's heartmaist lap theMI.

Near laverock height she loupit.«d ivans : Malawi an.

tegument . veil ; Swedish . l ja.cover. envelope. case . or hull ;whencealso the English holster .the case ot

'

apistol ; und isputeter. tomake cases or oovermgslorfmitnrmandaphowaw . one

Hoolie or hooly. This word is

commonly used in conjunctionwith “ iairly.

” as in the phrase

rendmit slowly and cantiously.

”It is derived from

the Gaelic flight“. ui- cil, heed

Burns render it “stop l There

is an old Scottish song Oh

In the glossary

tion of Burns. where"stop

would not convey themeaning.

the explanation that the wordmeans “stop

"is amere gness

fromthe contex t . whieh pmvesthat the editor did not really

and fairly.

Still ihemair l ’mthat n y bent.Something cries “ l l~fit l “

the bcsrd and bush of barley.and lmamhusk or shell oi peasand beans. seems to be fromthe same sourceas the ScottishMand in likemanner tbe lmuor outerme ofaahip.

Sad was the chase that they ha‘

e gi‘

en to

we.fl yheart

’

s ncarout o’MIbygetting free.

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9 2 Hmk—Houglemagandie.

the sloth or drowsiness that in

Hornie is aword used in Ayr

shire, according to Jamieson .

to signify amorous, lecherous .

libidinous. Stilln vith the notion

in his head thatlwrs istobe takenliterally.and notmetaphorically,he suggests thataItem'

s person

is one who is apt to reducean .

otherto the state of cuckoldom,cr emains ,

- and to ccnfer

upon himthe imaginary hornsthat are supposed to grace theforehead of those ill -used andunfortunate persons. It is evi

dent, however. that liar-s ismeantnothingmore than intox icatedto such an ex tent as to excitethe intox icated person to takeimproper liberties with women.

Burns employs the word as oneof the names popularly andjocularly bestowed upon the

devil .

Hosh to coughwith efiort or dimculty. The colloquial phrase,It didnacost himaMost to

do it."signifies that the thing

eil'

ort . Fromthe GermanMutes ,

the Flemish hasten, to cough.

(See How ,am. )— J° 7'e

Wi'minkled iaes.Commuhepiin'mmssd

Wi’ creepin‘

paee.- Buss s : EM “1mm

wrengly suppaed tommthe

ill icit intemome of themes.

mitted—but the possible result

of the sin which may appear“some other day.

”in the en

larged circumference of the

And sumemfin'

o'

hrandy ;Aadmonyajob that dst unMay end inw w

is considered by some to havebeen coined by that post. Butthis is not likely. It is usuallytranslated by

“ fornication .

”No

etymology of the word has

toex ist in the Flemish . In that

W W W hish or

great. andmag, the stomach or

belly ;mange». bellies ; and jc,adiminutive particle commonlyadded to Flemish and Dutchwords . and equivalent to the

Scottish is in boa-nit, trifle.kiddie, lactic, &c . These words

would formMog-masgaa-js—averynearapproach to the boughw sadis of Burns. If this be

the derivation . it wouldmakebetter sense of the passage inwhich it occurs than thatusually attributed to it. The

contex t shows that it is not

fornication which ismant

Hawdz'

e.

the pcems and scngs of Bux-ns

words frcmthe Gaelic are of

frequent cccurrence . It is not

likely that Burns ever tock it

upon himself tc invent awcrd ;and if he did it is evenmmethan unlikely that it shouldfind acceptance. Whatever- it

notmean fornication . for the

whole spirit and contents of

the “ Holy Fair”

show that

tises as themsctice cf the

and that which he callsMaghmgaudkmcr is likely tc be.the future result of the tcc

promiscuous intercourse of themagainstwhich he jocoselydeclaims. The Gaelic 09 andn onmalittle son .maypossiblyaflord aclue to the word ; but

this is asuggestionmereiy.

l dai't rememher cc havemet with this

word anywhere except in the “ HolyFair. ” l tmay have heen awcrd in use inBuras's day. cr itmayhave heen accina¢eof Burnathat wculd readilycouvey to themindacl his readers what hemsant. i tmay h ve ecuveyed the ideacfa“ dylne

louver“ appuring hefcn ths Sudomthe

"saccvia‘ an athre the Ssssicu“

for a

were sea-ton ed to walk in procession

aboat the parfl z aremnant cl the cmcmh aili to he seen in b cndon in the peramohalaticns of hoys ahcut the hcuuds cl the

midwife is called the knee

woman ,

"becaploiaas ; inFrench ,

the segsfmm, orwise woman ;in Teutonic. the sockmatter , in

Spanish , pat-tam.and in italian .

en sure, the latterword sign ifying the French comm- the

NuM cgets asocial nightOr plack irae them.—Buass 5mDn

'

nfi.

—or gossip. Possibly the truecrigin of the scottish word is

to be found in houd cr kaed . to

hold . to sustain ; and themidwiiewas the kdde , helper. sustainer. and comforter of the

woman who sufiered the painsci labour ; the sagcfesme of theFrench, who was wise andskiiful enough to periormher

Howfl—Hmakers.Howfl . afavourite public- house,where friends and acquaint”

sort ; fromtheGaelicassiL(uqfl . that itmaybe acorruption of

s um. “ Caves of harmony," ss the Gaelic sun-doids. afowl totheywere called. were formerly the hamd . or afowl ready to

known in Paris, and one long

Banting the fcn prevents

name cf the Ooalliok . They

Namwere small plaoes cf convivial Amgrown intomusio- halls. Jamie~

Buta'hc skill lies in hsr buskin,And oh ifher hn ws wereawa.inn or yml “umtShe soouwould wear out o' thc fuhiw .

he is right, though it is equally M k"; wi'

possible that the German Aof" 9 a" m"

is but aformcf the Gaelic

Thin -ill he deiimed io yoo'

by s un .

Hyslop. landlady of the Globe Tavernhere , which for niany yeauhas boenmyM i nd where our friend Clarlceand i

Bumsh bl fl atDumfi iea—Cnastam.

Where was’

t that Robertson and you

Hawk, formerly spelled holk . to

dig. to grub up, to rcot up. to

MM Hummel -dcddie . dowdy, ill - di

ting, in bad taste.

WW W - “ d ammit[cap ] has ye actual—man M att's

And in kirltyards renew theirm Rm—Bom: 4armaw wa ample, to walk lamely and

Re huw t amthatmlangmdAad bc hss bufied his shtc wi

'

her hahyat hsr feei.m zmm

flan n el- corn .mean , shabby. ofsmall account ; atermappliedto the lighter grain which fnllsfromthemet when it is win

nowed.

A lady re turning fromchurch es

prased her low opinion cl the sermon shehad heard byafling it aw qamsdisman - Daas kas sam

Ths derivaticn is unknown .

though kemble-eomhas been

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To let the iady in.

H orn .

overmuch.

let- oe.agreat grandchild ; erroneonely spelled jenny in the new

editions of Jamieson,and citeda

'

s a“ 8hetland word.

Shine on themning o'

his days,

When ebbing life nae lnair shall flow.

—Buas s : A Dedication to Car‘

s

HmThe word is fmmthe Gaelic

epic, a grandchild. and h r.

after ; whence an after grand

The chorus cf ancient Gaelic

We knowu however th tmny harbarimn of theirm. and even of latertimknowingiy datroyedmany agold

Matilda lived in St. John ls V/illn .

Twiclesnham; Mr. Panmcre in K i0¢Saut d the same ia—M TmI ng ine. genius.

“ the tire of

genius or“

poetic tire ." are

common expressions. Burns . inan “ Efistle to John IA ptaik.

"

whose poetry he p eatly ad

O chone ior poor Castalian drinkas lThe witchin

’

. cun ed. delicious blinkersBa'e potato /ate.

4 ow z Emul lafi rmThisword is derived fromtheand appears to be related to

for the designation of apersonwhose patronymic is the sameas the name of his ensue—suchasMackintosh ofMackintoshis . Mackintosh of that It}.

This Scottish word has crept

into English . though with astrange perversicn of itsmming. as in the fiollowing :

Ingle. 9 7

An’

sae about himthere l spier‘

t.

Then a‘ that ksn '

d himround declar’tHe had r

'

ngias .

l t was sae fine .

It would soon on first con

sideration that this peculiarlyScottish word was of the sameLatin derivation as gen ius. in

gealous . ingenuity. and the

archaic English word cited in

Halliwell . “ ingene,”which is

translated genius or wit."It

is open to inquiry. however,whether the ideaof fire does

whether it is nct in the iormin which Bums employs it,

traceable to the GaelicM sn

intransitive prefix or particlesignifying swat. very. or in

tense ; anduiaq fire.

T'

he late Samuel RoM author of thePleasures ct hi emory.“ in acontroversy

with lne cnme charactu of io rd Byron,

ge riuawhich l praised aad dd ended to

the hest ofmyahility. Mr. Rembow

ever. elwsys retarned co theutsck with rernewed vigour. Driveuat last coeatremiq ,

l thought io cienchallargument bysaying-

“Ar least youwill admit,Mr. Rogers .

that there waafin in Byron'

s poetry?"

“W i ufi—C . bi .

l n g l e. the fire ; eagle- ride, the

fireaide the hearth ; imb ued .

home- bred. or bred at the

domestic hearth ; imgiia, fuel.Betterawee iq fs to warmyoufl han a

cousin , cr sc : but d slrrat no hand.

Thy little brother. which lilte lbiryspirita.Oft skipped into our chamber those sweet

the English word has ever beensuggested, and that fromtheSpanish yngk. the groin , which

other philologists. ismanifestlyinadmissible . It is possible,

was criginally the same as theScottish . and that its first

0

The derivation ofangle, in theScottishmac of the word . is

either fromthe GaelicW ,

the Kymricmgyl . heat. fire . orfromion. fit. becoming. comfortahle ; and end, a corner.

That of the English inglc.meaning a favourite . a friend. or

lover. is not easy to discover.

The word occurs in apassagefroman Elimbethan play. withadetestable title, quoted by

that word . was corrupted intoan epithet for themale loverof a.male. in themost odioussense . in “ Donne

‘

s Elegies .

"

it is used as signifyingamorousendearment of achild to its

9 8

meaning“ “ love was derivedfromthe ideastill current. thatcalls abeloved object aflaw .

B otten's Slang Dictionary has

“flown . asweetheart.

" Iaglewas sometimes written « gills.which latter word . accordingto Mr. Halliwell. signifies. asused by Ben Jonson . agullalso. to coax or towheedle .

Infill. into ; till . to . What's iau

'a'u What's in it ?

An Engliab travellern tayingat amathotel in Edinburgh , wasmuch pleasedwith thc ucellence of the hotchp otch atdinner. and asked the headwaitcr howit waamade, and ol what it waamade 1M1 0. and beans W 0 . and onion

fad /I I. “ Butwhat'

a{M tf'

ulwd theEnglish- an .

“ l‘

n just tallin’

you thatthere

'

s beansMI”. and peas faith .and

l knor —hn aa peas.

Englishman ; but what‘s W I ? Is

it salt, pepper. or what? Please tellmewhat’s iad ll 'fl '

Eh , man !” replied the in patient

lc 0

cmagain that theu an bcanar’ati .lf t

Yu l yea!

What thc devil latalt. or

question ? Dces tali mean barlcy. or

In lifl— I Wilt]: Ye were in H eckie- burm'c.

“ Oh m!"

n id the wairer, with agroan. ” if l had yourhead iaarylnseping.l'

d gie it ticathumpin ’as wad puuomc

has nemyet aacertained whatmmhut wandmthrough Sootland

Fon t. edited byM onaco Juaow .

l wishyewere in l ieckie- lmmie.“ This .

"says Jamie-on. “ is a

strange formcf imprecation .

The onlyaccount given of this

place is that it is threemilesbeyond hell . In Aberdeen . it

one says. ‘

go to the dcvii i‘

thc other oiten replles .

‘

go youto Heckie bumie ! ” No etymo~logy is given . Possib ly it

originated in the pulpit. whensome Gaelio preacherhad takenthe story of Dives and Laxarusforhis tex t ; and the rich Dives .amid his tormcnts in hell .askedin vain for a drop of waterto cool his parched tcngue .

or stream. whence the phrasewould signify the refusal or

denial ol water. This is ofiered

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I f ink—j ock.

j ink . to play. to sport. to dodgein and out . fromwhence the

phrase high- jinn .

”sometimes

used in England to describe themerrimentand sport of servantsin the kitchen when theirmasquick or sudden movement ;also to escape . to trick .

“ to gie

the fink ."to give the slip. to

elude .

And nomanld Cleats. l hen ye're thinkin’

A certain bardie. rautio'

. drinkin’

.

To your hlaeh pit ;But faith he

'

ll turn aoomerj r’ah ’

aAnd cheat ye yet l

- Bvaus : 444d tomM .

0h. then . mymuse ! guid auld Scotch

O r. richly brown. reamo‘

er the brink

—Buans : Scolds Drink.

Jamieson derives the word

fromthe Swedish tim-c . andthe German ”Awaken . tomovequickly. but no such word apo

pears in the German diction

aries. and the etymclogy is

Gaelic dionmronounced jian )nimble . which is probably theroot ofjs

‘

ukas used byBums .

Jirble . jirgle Both of these

words dsnifyw q fillmfiqfl d

bymaking itmove fmmside to

small quantity left in aglass ortea- cup .

The waur for themselves and for the

conntryhaith. St. Ronan'

s ; it'

s the junketo

W i ndmfl rfiliw in teaand sicmmperythat brings our nobles to uinepmce . “monyahet ha'house toahired lodging in

Jock in Scottish . and in EnglishInch. are used as familiar sub ostitutes for the Christian nameJohn .andare supposed to be derived fromthe French Jacques.

This word. however. meansJames. and not John . The use

of the prefix es Jack and Jockinmany English and Scott ishcempounds thathave 110ore ference to the Christian nameseither of James or John . sug

are duly set forth in the dic

j ock.

Besides tbe Scottish termof

mamthe word l ook occurs in

Jamieson—Joobotc-leer. which he

says isaoant termforapoohetalmanaok .

“ derived fromJoe):the liar.

”fromthe loose or false

predictions with regard to the

weatherwhichare contained in

iv . afolding or clasp - knife.

It is difiioult to connect eitherthe Scottish Joel: or the Engiish

Jack in these words wi th the

name of John . unless upon thesupposition that John and Jackare synonymous withms . andthat the terms are transferableto any and every implementthataids or serves the purpose

ofaman'

s work . i s it not pos«

sible that Jack and Jack aremere varieties of the Gaelicdeceit (the do pronounced as j ).which signifies good. excellen t.useful . befitting ?or the Kymricinch. whole.meiul l and deceit,amovement for a purpose 1This derivation wouldmeet thesense ofall tbe ccmpoundwordsand phrases in which jock and

jcek enter. other than those in

W name.

not . in Jemima- tried by this cl wider). an avenger. In earlytimes it was customary to be .

stow names of afiection uponswords. such as Eud ibur. thesword of King Arthur. Damn

fromthe same source Thus.too. in Shakapeare

’

s phrase.

In reference to"

or

l oam. it shodltl"be mentioned that Burns spells the

word in the firstmanner. andAllan Ramsay in the . de

‘

cond

Jamieson uys that there wasonce afamous out let 01W .

in Belgium. namedq w i‘

i nd

that his cutlerybeing in repute.

that the name was evolved fromthe imagination of that philolegist . Whether that be so or

not . it is curious that the GnelicW signifies toavenge . and

orrevenge for injwieG- icould bemore appropriate {Or astrong

theGaellb de'

o (the d pronounced

as j ). the sbul . the vital spark .

Z‘fl l ye w by tt M th-mN the love ye hear tome.oBuyme s heeking -ch n chen.mock into the dear drawwell.

0 Janet . Janet.There ye

'

ll see your bonnie sel'

.

Mari o. Janet.—0U Saw : M ild }; Bow s.

Jouk . to stoop dm; in the English vernacular to duck the

head . or duck down ; also to

dissembler. adeceiver.

Neath the hue the burniejonh .

—Tauxamu. : GlamWit ter.

Jabmd let the jav go hy(a fl12a. evade replying to intentpeute or

1017 . the swing or boomofalargeNw Clinlmmhell

Theancientand correct Gaelic

oars. is acorruption . The eon

nection between lama. aboatsoWIS-alld jormu. adrinking vesseL is prohahly due to the cir~cumstance that the chorus of

the boat song was oi’ten sung hy

the guestsataconvivial party.

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r Kain—Keck.

Kain. tribute . tax , tithe ; fromthe Gaelic coin . tribute ; 00W

Ourh ird gets in his n ehed rents .His ooah hism.

- Buss s :mM Dan .

Kain to the K ing .

Kain- bd rm. says anote in Sir

Walter Scott's “Minstrelsy of

the Scottish Border." were iatants. accord ing to Scottish

superstition. that were seiz ed

in their cradles by warlocksand witches.and paid as n iacin .

ortax . to theirmaster the devil.Jamieson is in error in derivingh is fromthe Gaelic cans . the

Kaur- handit. left - handed. In

signify the leftas distinguishedfromthe right. but is fromtheGaelic car. sign ifying atwist orturn . The hand so designatedimplies that it is twisted or

turned into a function thatought to be performed by the

other.

Kaury-maury is used in the

Vision of Piers Ploughman.

"

in thegloomy toMr. ThomasWright

‘

s edition oi thisancientpoem. he suggests that bmwrtrouble z s ooajecmmthst ia

M acheese ; bsbbuck hsel .aremnant or hunk of cheese.

Fromthe Gaelic subag.acheese.

—Bvass Comi c SaturdayNW .

In comesauueia. gash. gude v ife.An

‘

sits dov n by the fire ;

'

I‘

he lasses theyare shyer.

K och to peepJ omto look

cantiouslyahout ; poss iblyfiom

Kebar. arafter. abeamin the

roof ofahouse ; fromthe Gaeliosaber. apole. the trunk of atree.

“ Putting"or throwing

still popular st li ighland gamesin Scotlaud.

He ended. and the k k n shook

Above the ehomroar.—a us : Tits / oily Beg an .

fromabargain. to change oue'

smind . to fiinch ; tromthe Gaelicmocked . to change.“ l haveM ‘

J”—l decline adhering to

the d en—Janu s .

s de is also aformof the

English enable . and has no

amnity or synonymity with

K eckihg-

glass—K slhk.

A clergyman in the West ol Scotlandonce condudsd apuyeras iollov s h

“ 0

lmd l ‘

l‘

houart like amouse in adryuanedyke. aye W out at us th e holes

li n king- glass. a lookingo

glass.amirror.

Sh . Kind sir. ior your coortesy.As remby tbe flamwen

For the love ye bear tome.B S’M OW , then.

H e. Kmi into the dn vw ell.Janet. Janet !There ye

’

ll see your bonnie sel'

.

N yio. Janet—Burns.

K eel or keill . a small vessel orskill . alighter. and notmerelythe bed of any ship or boatasin English It is synonymous

fromthe Gaelic cool . narrow .

fromits length as distinguished0h .merrymsy ths k rl rov .’

The bn l row. tbe e ow ;

0h .merrymay the b~l row.

The ship tbatmy love's in.

The fidemmug the bouomdeep .

Frae bank to bank the water pouringAnd the bonnie laas did quake ior fiear.She heard the wateh h lfh roaring .

—8¢lld d Auu Wm.

What is itailsmygood haymare lWhat is it nialtes heratartandahiva?

She seesak lfi’

r in the stream.O r tean the rushing of the rim.

—1. qmnmuIsles.The h lf t

’

r gallop'

d o'

er the green.

He seemedaknight oi‘ nohlemienAnd oldand young stood np tomo

And wonden d whO this knight eould be.

Keltie. alarge glass or bumper.

to drain which was imposed asapunishment upon those who

were suspected of not drinkingfairly. Cleared beltis all .

" according to Jamieson . was aphrase that signified that the

glass was quite empty. The

word seems to be derived fromIrdter. to tilt up . to tip up, to

turn upside down . and to have

used in the hardodrinking daysof our great-grandfathers. thatweremade wi thout stems. androunded at the bottomlike theDutch dolls that roll fromsideto side . frominability to standupright. With aglass of this

kind in his hand . the toper hadto empty it before he could re

was probably ignorant of this

etymology, though he refers tothe German halter. which signi

fiesawine press. R eturn. in the

l K emmin—K 121m.

Ken n in . achampion . acaraption ot bsup WJ J.

R e works liheamHe ieehts liheamThe Kymric has csimyn . a

striver in games ; the Flemishto fight. to struggle. to contend.

Kemp. awarrior. ahero.achampion ; also to fight. to strive. tocontend for the superiority or

themastery. Kmper is onewhokmps or contends ; used in theharvest field to signifyareaperwho ex cels his comrades in

the quantityand quality of his

is the name of the championin two old Scottish ballads whoborrows .

“or ransoms . afair

lady fromthe spells cast uponher by demoniacal agency. bywhich she was turned in to theshape oi awild beast . Kmpios .oe p Ou is . kisses herthrice.notwithstandingherhideousnessand loathsomeness. and so te

stores her to heroriginal beauty.

K er-spin is printed in w e;

Oasis in Motherwell’s “Minstrelsy. AncientandModern .

“

Kennawhat.anondescript.a“

innasais quoi ." orknow - no t

cuous . noteworthy.

K ep. to catch . to receive ; fromthe Gaeiic ssap . to intmept. to

Ilk eowslip cup shall bsj atear.- Buas s.

Keb afieece ; umw amttedor ropyfieece . Fromthe Gaeliccsatli . asheep or sheep- skin .

Sbe wss nae get o'moorland tips.

Wi’mud bd an ’

hairy hipa.

KeviLalot ; to cast km‘

ls. to draw

Mmmbemntemwith hh ainmww mnmmAnd theyooostM-ils themamng

Whashould to the greenwoodm.

or two of s sort—as likeas twopears. ortwo bidarys inabunch.

"

Sir Richard Ayscough says thatShah peare

’s phrase. which he

put into themouth of Falstafl’

.means “aman whose kidneys

are as fat asmineas fatas Iam.

"A little know

Ker hannd or her- handed. leftohanded, awkward ; fromthe

Gaelic. car. atwist ; and cent-r.wrong. awkward . See Kaunmm'r. ante.l tmnn he his left fiaot foremost. “

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108 mash— KW” .

Kinsh . According to Jamieson .

this word signifies kindred .

The man may eithly tine astat thatcannacount hisHula—ALLAN Rausav’

s

Themanmay easily lose a

young ox that cannot count

his kimb . The meaning of

Icimh in this passage is not

clear. It has been suggested

that it is amisprint for either

kins or kindred . Perhaps . however. the true meaning is to

be sought in the Gaelic cin

neas (kinneash). which meansgrowth or natural increase .

This interpretation renders the

proverb intelligib le—amanmay

afi'

ord to lose one stot who can .

not count the increase of his

flocks and herds .

Kintra. cooser, one who runs

about the country ; a termsometimes applied to an entire

horse ,which is taken fromplace

to place for the service ofmares.

i f that daft bucltie . Geordie Wales .Was threshin' stillat bin ie '

s tails.O r if he was grown oughtlins douser.And noaperfect b

’

atmcomer.

—BU RNS : To one who had “at him

The word cooser appears inShakspeare as easier or easier,and has puz z led all the commontatore to explain it. Cosicr’

s

catcheswere songs sung bywork

ingmen over their libations inroadside ale - houses. Johnsonthought that codermustmeana tailor . fromcoudrc. to sew ;

and-

coun ts. thatwhich is sewed

while others equally erudite

were of Opinion that easier: werecobbler: or tinkers. The corners

who sang catches might havebelonged to all or any of these

trades ; but the word . now oh

solete in English . and almostobsolete in Scotch , is the Gaeliccosat

'

rc. a pedestrian . a wayfarer.atramp. U p to the timeof Dr. Johnson’

s visit to the

Hebrides. H ighland gentlemenof wealth or importance usedto keep servants or gillies to

run before them. who were

known as cosicrs—misprinted byBoswell as coshirs . Jamieson ,

unaware of the simple origin

of the word, as applied to ahorsemade to perambulate thecountry. states that cooser is astallion . and derives it fromtheFrench coursicr ,acourser. But

courser itself is fromthe sameroot. fromcourse,ajourney. The

coarse allusion of Burn s to the

Prince of Wales expressed ahope that he had ceased to run

about the countryafterwomen .

Kipper. to split, dry, and cure

fish bysalting them. K ippered

herrings . haddocks ,and salmonare largely prepared and con

sumed in Scotland , and to amuch smallerextent in the largecities of England . Themodeof kipperi

’

ng is scarcely knownto the south of the Tweed . andwhere known , is not so success

fully practised, or with such

delicateand satisfactoryresults .as in Scotland. The derivationof the word is uncertain .

Kirk —Kittie. I

matmmgmi tormot tbe

worth whioh has beenAnglicisedintoamIt is derived fromthe ideaot. and is identicalwith . oircle cr kirklc. the tormin which . in the primitive agesof the world. and still later. in

one of the earliest kirks . or

chumhen eiected in these is

lands. The traces of manysmaller stene circles are still to

be tound in Scotland. Theword

is derived feomthe Gaelic eoir.

the French cow .

himself prematurelyand onen

sively the sire and habits of

amen. Shab pemspeaks cf“ horns and gallowglmes .

"

been beingaeontraction oi the

Gaelicc sum [bra-mes] .

fromthe Kymric ooryn or sor.

adwart or pigmy ; but as theLowland Scottish people weremore conversant with their

neighbours oi the Highlandsthan with the distant Welsh .

it is probable that the Gaelicand not the Kymric derivationot the word is the correct one.

Steelr the awmriq shut lbem.

O r else sosne gurwill soon be lnist.

Amwho hndhad fw rM andwhomediated afifth time entering themaron the suhjeet. who was ratherdisposed co

emu hsvingmadeamoddeal ot'meybyhism “ Na! nal " said be. “

theycame tome wi'auldm. en

'l sent them

- Du uRu ss“

ship in hlood andancestry. andto be synouymous with kin andWhether thoussndsofour ownHMshail

be n crifioed toan cbsoiete shihholethand

6} An ton )Warn—Ten s. fl oun der yo.my.Kittie . diEoult. ticklish . danger.

ous . Fromthe Dutch andFlemish W es . to tickle.

i t‘

smac shootingat corbies sndclergy.

l t’

sw tlt for the cheeks when the hurlbamw ganp o

'

ef the brig o'

tbs nose.

l t‘

s ttttk to wabeasleeping dogs.M W V

‘

BM PM .

As ‘or your prissthood l shsll n y lmt

Kith. known to or acquainted

the old English coutA. to know

or see ; aword that sufl imin

M withasomewbat difi‘mrentmeaning. as strange . odd .

orunfamilm. Kah isgenerallyinmodern English used in combination with kimas huandHmwhence the word is errone

l l O

K ivan, k iv i n. These words

(coir). equivalent to the prefixso or son ,and judiais (d silent) .atroop or band of people. or of

livingan imslsofanydescription.

Klein or elem. In In ncashire

and other parts of England.elemsignifies to become stupefiedor worn out with hunger. tostarve. In Scotland. Hcmsometimesmeans perverse . obstinate .insensib le to reason and toargu

School of Edinburgh . curious.singular. odd. queer.

"He de

rives it fromthe Icelandiclatch-ta.macula. ab lot or stain

K {van—Kuse] :

The English clout may be

possibly traced to the GermanHerman . to pinch . to squeez e ;from“mm. anarrow place .

a strait. a difiioulty. whence

stemmed. pinched with hunger.Knack , to taunt. tomalteasharp

K napp in - hammer. A hammer with a long handle usedforbreaking stones on the road .

or in houses of detention for

vagrants or criminals . Fromthe English h ep or step . aamart blow on the head . as inthe colloquial threat to an unruly boy.

“

you'

ll nap it."

What’

sa‘ your jargco e‘

the sehools

Ymh finm tor hoob muw hlf hoeut N etnremade youfools.What sairs yonr gramman ?

Y e’

d hetter ta’en up spsdes or shools

WW W

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112

Germans call the ankle the“ knuckle of the foot. " Jamieson derives cuts fromthe Teu

butthe Latinmmeans the calf of the legand not the ankle ; and byte isnot to be found in anyGermanor Teutonic dictionary. Km,nothing to do withm. andsignifies apart of the body farremoved fromtbe anhle visq

the belly. Possiblythe swedish

M around boss or fising . ”

suggested in the extract fmmBescherelle. may be the root

of cuts. The Gaelic afiordsno assistsnce to the discovery

of the etymology. The worddoes notappear in the glossariesto Bamsay or Burns.

Kyle. anarrow strait of waterbetween islands. or between anislandand themainland .as theKytaofnmmd x yuskiabetween Skye and the continent

of Scotland . The word is de

rived fromthe Gael ic cool. a

Calais. the French town on the

Kyte. the belly KMW u“big- bellied . The Gaelicmid.gestedas them'igin of theword .

on the principlc that to" have

Kyle—Kytlzc.

along purse. signifies to fi vemoney. ormuchmoney. so thatto haveakyts is to have food toput into it.

Then horn for horn . they w ‘etch and

Tilla’

theirwelhfiued b tabelyve

The tither calte v i' butter thoomb'd.She forced us still to eat.

Wheamourheartiesat our tnou‘

.

We feltmist like to greet.w as Bataan -ms : rs: Pat/adH ilts.

or eye. but would have translated the phrase .

“ blythemdM ot eppearanoe .

"

h o n —Au.“ Ramsay.

Laigh. low, oulowodown ,abort.

The hithu the bmthe law the n-

nu.

—Au.ax RamVaSooul ’md s.

Danoeaye laid and lateat e’

en.

Laired. ovmhrown . cast to the

ground. Fromthe Gaelic lar.the ground z the Engliah lm‘

r .

as applied to the retreat of a.

w wmrmemhmthe flrat dayof Augnstauppooed tobederived froun theAnglo- Saxon Maj , a loaf, but

Lamb of God. All theanoientfestival. appropriated to per

tical origin- ouchasMary-musVirginMary ;Michaelmas. Hallowmns . Candlemas, Christmas .

Andabegging bemhoun‘

.

And huook np h'

uqmm

nted into loulaoh). the storminfull fury. A la/t of water cig

iall of rain .

Landlord and landlady. These

words. commonly pronounced

lav-lord and M y. do not

un i bott ngfish and Soot

Landlaab . agreat fall of rain .

awompanied by ahigh wind.

Jamieson is of Opinion that thisword is suggested by the ideathat such a stormlock“ the

land. l t ismore probably fromthe Gaelic lonfi ull ; and h is“,

fury ; whence Maid s (pro

ahip of land,as their constantapplication to the owners of

public - houses, and to house

owners generally,as well as towomen whomerelylet lodgings.are sufi oient to show. The

Scottish loin-d. without the prefix land, conveys the ideaof

proprietor-

ship. Landlord andunduly. in one of the senses in

to load in the Teutonic sense ol

the word. but to lgn . the Gaelicfor full, or an enclosure . andall that it contains or is fullof. Thus the keeper of a

public, orthe owneroi aprivatehomis lerd ormaster of theMor enclos-ure which he occu

pie- or posseuee.

1 14 Laud- b upa—Law.

Land- lower. avagabond. awanderer fromplace to place with

fodop in , as in Allan Ramsay's“ Evergreen.

"

Lane ,alone . lone . or lonely ; this

word, which in the English lone

or lonely is an adjective . is anoun in the Scottish los e. Iwas all alone.

"of we were all

alone." are in Scottish . “ 1was

a’my lane . and “ we were a'

our lane .

" “ 1 canna liemylanc.

"ie .

“ Icannot sleepalone.

l waited lang beside the wcod.

Och hey! johnnie lad,Y e

‘

re no so ltind'

sye shouldhae been.

But ch.mymasterdearf he cvied.InagmM ye

’mgudemrM '

I wandermy [one likeanight otrctibled

(balm- Bonus.

Lanrien (sometimeswritten landrlen ). Jamieson defines this

straight forward. l t seems tobe acorruption of the Gaelic(on . full, complete ; and rice .

gularity.

Laroch or lerroch . the site of a

mremains to prove what it

the ground orearth n nd lamdc.the ground on which an edifice

Whistle o‘

er the law o‘

t - Buasa.

Whyshould l sitand rlgh.When the wild wccds hloomn e hriery.

Anda’ botmeare cheery.

—Bocnm‘

sw ¢lc m5 qfThoul- wn d that spring bu ihe dews

c‘

thc lawm- v

M and the Teutonic lerehe

Wombat- W arsaw »propuiate tc the skylark.

Lave. the residue . the remainder.that which is left. or. as theAmericans say in commercialfashion . the balance .

We'

ll getablessing wi'

the law .

And nevermiss‘

t.

—Buas s : ToaMam.

Laverock . the lark . This word .

so pleasan t to the Scottish ear.and so entirely obsolete in English speech and literature. wasused byGowerand Chaucer:She nademanyawcndrccs sccn'.Sometimealihe unto the cock.Sometimes like the hm.

—Gawa z Qu id in Batuma‘ s

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r16 M irth—Labor.

Scottish phrase-“ loco (orM)

supposed tomean the “ lifelong day. It ismore prcbablyfromthe Gaelic li. a colour. mmuM lmBlviemand especiallyabright colour. mw a'n iathe colour of daylight. andfron the allied word h

'

otltaia). Lu mmdfinkfi t giet usmair.mle grey.as distinguished trom ’

l’

han schocl cr college.

dark or black.

TheM u ck y had tiredme.Bonus : Thmm.

L eesh in. lazily. in a dilator-ymanner. Fromthe Gaelic loan .my.

N 30M tl'

, one

And csm'w e. up behind her.- GnoaoaBums j oh n0

'

Amha‘

.

L eesome. agreeab le. pleasant.like the light. (See Lax -use . )

Ohmwill huyme rigs o’

land.And gearwill buyme sheepand kye

But the tender heart o‘

ln rms luve'

l’

he gcwd andailler cnnnabay. Jamiescn trsces leylin to the

Teutonic Rapi d . This word .

Fairand ltmmhlew the wind. W en bumplmin cfl .

Ships did sailand boats did rcw. mM b , 01' M b die.

—Bucwm‘s A sa?“ Bal lads.

A fairy ballad in Buchan's tcmilkacow. which. with tion .

collection is entitled “ Lesson s

Brand.

" Jamieson derives lee to dILbecomes leyh'

n in Lowlandme fromthe German Hebe.

leve ; perhaps. however. the root

oi tbe word is the Gaelic kw .

light ; ti. 001m; and M menh or n'idmtwor killing dah

bright. l lin the water ; commcn lyapplied

Leez e cr leen me on h redective

verblwo be satisfied “the w lmwmmmbe pleased or delighted with .

A Gaelic periphrase for " Ilove.

"The Highlandens do not

Leglin or b th fl 'amflking- pail .

At bnchmin themornin'mae hlithe ladsThe lan es are lanely.and dowie and

gabbin'

, butaighin‘ and

l lk ane liftaher lez fiumd hies her- Eu.tor The fl ow n of“: Pan el .

Dcnalad Cah-d can liltand sing .

Blithelydancs the Highland ding.HOOP GW M 'MO r cracltapow wi

‘

ouyman.

J N Wat w n z b ou Id Csn-d.

Mano—Levin . I

Donald Cairdan wire nmnkinh hl n ) .Ld tk n kipper.M ash“!To shootan oorvfov l i' the lifi.

Waw - h fliflgmngm. kecw s .

Hemake vhen thcy’msleq n fl

Not for honntitt ormard.Date thcymell wi’Donald Caird.

—Stll WumSCOT T .

Jemieeon traoee the word tothe Smdiahuudmto etrike fiehwith atrident . But the deriw

tion may he doubted.

“ To

logyofthe langmgeeofWeetern

Europe,“ ie amode of taking

salmon nt night, hyattraotingthemtowards the surface bytorches held near the water.and then drivingacpear,trident,or large fork in to them. The

word is derived fromthe lightthat is employed to lure the fish .

rather than fromthe spear thatimpalee them, and is traceableto the GaelicMar. 8 . light,oralustre.

”It seems probab le

that the word is of home origin .

rather than of Swedish. Halliwcll and Wright claimit as acommon word in the North of

England. Burns evidentlyusesit in the senee of a trident .

without any reference to the

Lem; bmme concn o

hine ; apoeticel word ior harlotry.

Lem. aray of light, agleam;fromtheM obM r,ashin inglight ; and the anterior Gaelicroot lur, brightness, splendour,

tom.money ; andmay [orcrooked] louvre, had money.

The ideas of brightness andbeauty go together in mostlanguages . Lameh. in Gaelic .

is n termoi endeerment tor n

made to revive it, bySirWalterineflectnnliy. Chaucermnkeesplendid use of it when he

speab ill of women

that it'smyduty to paiormit. ” “R och !

"

replieduargmt, “ l've hard that Stirling

has n ‘ t-

eatmnekle sfipeod,“ l’

n think

ing ifthe lmd lud gi’en ycaca’

toAnd i tero

tool (avcry poor parish] . ye wad ne’

er hae

duck in g/M 136Witu d flmar.

Levin, the lightning. Thisword,

obsolete in the Scottish verna~cular. It was employed withline effect, centuries ago. byDunbar, the Scottish, and byChaucer, the English poet .

118

May ble walked (wicked) neck he hroke.

Prolap se.

To himas to the hurning kfia,

mclwdsmw di rk and the wind grewAnd ths lwé l filled her e

’

e,

U pon the gnrly su.

The etymology is obscure,There is no trace of it in the

Teutonic or Latin sources of

the language. Spencer, in theFaerie Queens," has

white or grey. and sometimesvivid white ,whichmayperhapsaccount for the first syllable .

Bats . to shoot, to dart ; bode -u,

or Mum(mils ) . signifies arapidmotion , which may account tor the second—aderiva

hntwhichmay lead philologists

through hog andmire, to plod

Through scrubs and crews v i'mony a

heavy gman .

—Ross'smmJamieson derives the word

m gaword whinh h uot tebe found in the Teutonic Dic‘

Lewder—Lzlidisdalc Draw.

tionsries . It is prohahle thatthe root is the Gaelic le ider,

strong, heavy. The English

slang,

“ To give one agoodW ayf is to give hima

Lib . to castrate , geld, Libba, ananimal on which that operationhas been performed ; aeunuch .

in the Northern Counties. In

Flemish lubblag signifies castration ; and (sober. he who

performs the operation . Burns

singersas l ibbct

How cut-throat Prussian blades wereMarine.

fl owas»: lulywas singing.

Seemtrne love didMarine.

W VW fl q /‘

DW .

Oh ismy helmetawidow‘s cnid kz pl.

Ormy h noeamd o‘ the willowuee,O rmyarmalady‘

s lily hand

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t Lin—Lippm.

AndnowmuldCloetl ten ye‘

rathinh nA osrtain Bardic' fis raatin drinkin

’

.

To your black pit,But faith ! he

'

ll turn acorner jinlxin‘

(dodrinsl.

- Buaus : Adi nau(beMl.

Lin or line. This termination tomany Scottish words supplies

ashade ofmeaning not to be

expressed in English but bya

pefl phradmasuadiasdncliningtowards the west. Aminoperhaps . forable~lins—incliningtowards being able, orabout tobecome possible (see Amux s,

Themrt’h'awinds blew loudand shrill.—BURN8 :My N ew , 0.

New fmthc east ueult o‘

Fife the dawnSpecl

'

dmains up the lift.Me Gn a.

And“awaken edw in .afl'

night Ice.- Rcaa‘s HM .

’

l‘

his termlnation prcpedy is W J nd

is avery oommon terstinatioain semalsfinmthe Gm though not commen in English. Sec Grin im's Grammar.

Liar comspoads nearly tc ths Engliah

Yaburnla. win plin'down yourgleus,

O r foaming strang trae lfu to h'

u .

”MmWhile: cma[In the burnie plays.

—Duane z Hal/mks .

Nae finhb lilt on hedgs or hush,Poor things. theyMet airly.

U p iuthemornin '

s no forme,U p in themomin‘

earlyWhen s'the hiilsare covered vi’mv

,

l 'tn sun it'

s winter fairly.

—0H Sm,W M0 Joan

Dn Norman hlad eodmentioned aconvan tion hc had withaSoottish smip -ant

“ But ch !mmM r in weM and no hraeas

mymiadmore of tsndermaadmdsanment ion rds the tiule bird than linmDmRausav.

U ppen , to incline towards, to beM e wmymw rdy

poolat the bottcmofacatairact,worn deep by the fallingwater ;fromthe Gaelio liaae apool .Grat his c‘

en haith bleer’tand blin’

,

Lt'

ppt'

n'

fu'—Los - soms. t2

ne'

er haeW tilt n if the steepen

[stipend] had as heat better.

"—Du tt

Rattan .

Lipfin’ fu’. full up to the lip or

brimof aglass orgoblet, brimlul ; omiippinfliull to ovcrflow.

A‘

the laughin’

valleys roundAre ntnsedand fed by n o,

And Put an W e’

f s‘

.

See ye whahaeaught in your hicksr to

Lire. sometimes written lyre. thelirs as “ the part o£ the skin

which is colourless .

” and “ asthe flesh ormuscles as distinguished fromthe bones the

lean part of butchers'meat .

”

He derives the word fromtheAnglo

- Saxon lire, the fleshypart of the body. The word

is traceable to the Gaelic lint);(pronounud lie ), pale grey. andteams (lie - 0M), to becomeAs onymse her r-vdcmred.Her b rv was li lte the lilies.M s d

‘

t’

fi nmcmLirh acrease, aplait . afodd. l

hollow inahill ; tromtheGaelicban ish (see lav,ante, p .

The hills were high on ilh sidc,

argument on which the whole

question turns. Toan . to separate the joints ; fromthe Gaelictalk, a joint ; MM , well

jointed, or having large joints.

Fmthiefi for shame l“ cries little Sym,“Wilt thoauot fecht wi'me ;Nat han ”

“ Syn .

And to thc roadap in wi'a' her pith.

And sonplcmshe ilkalimb and lr’u.

Littit, coloured ; fromthe Gaeliclists, grey.

Weel dyedand litfi t thmughand through.

Loaning,ameadow,apasture ; a

l ve heard thesn liltingat the eweqnillxinph ama' lilting hefore

O

dawn of day ;But now theyarcmeaning in ilhagreen

bow ,

away.

—TA¢Flowers 0’a. Fm“.

j oy gaed down the lud n‘ wi'

hcr.She wadnahaeme—hat has ta‘

enanotherAnda‘ lnen

'

s joybutmine ga‘ed wi her !

Loe-mmemlovmme pleasantand amiable, is sometimes

Dr. Johnson and Lofd Anchinieck wu-

e

qw n liing omme chan cw d themt

passed the no loss sturdy old Scottish

Whig to snywhat good mwd l had evcrdone to his country. His lordship teplied,“Hemt kings ken that they hadamb

in their necks.“—Bcswt t. x.

Y e’

fl tak ah'Mo

'my littk fingerh ne‘

—Bcc1uuc‘s 4mmBallad TMW W I I-m

I Loaf—Loup- Ilunhhg.

wrongly wfittcn lemme. as inB nms's song of “ The Oonntrie

Lassie "

'

l'

he tenda beart o’

lcmc lm

Loci . the pnlmof the hand ; fromthe Gaelic law-Ii (law) . the hand .

Wi’amn poeed on her chair baek,He w eetlydoes cocnpoee him.Whieh by dw slipemnnd het neck .

Lg/ais used by vlphih s fot the open

hand z daw slap of the hnnd.

The Gaelie bmwhen themgets n fit

“ mm—W a w—mNu n s.

Y our bodkin's ban ld.

—Buaus : fif th”: toaTailor.

M ml that's“ dink—NormAmThe English con

-

options of

Lord !"becomes 0

Lawn ! and O La’

l The namemanomj s vnlgarised intoaosk.as “ By Gosh !

” “ GM guide

l bade himloa) . l bade himcome,l hnde himb uf tome,

An‘

l'

d catch himinmyarmis twa.

to lesp over the dyke wf te

straint), applied to unchasteunmarried women ; land-b uyer,s vagmnt.

Spelt 0'

buff.”o'

er n lino.

—Bvaus : D emGm} .

He'

s Ian” on the bonnie black,He steer

’

d hhl wi‘

the spmrightait lyBn t ere he won to Gatehope slackl think the steed wasmand weary.

—Mi~d n by 4M: Salaam

Leap - hun t i n g. The odd

phrase.‘ Hse ye been alow»

bmm’ngi ' is a query." mys

Jamieson . “addressed to one

who hns been veryeaxlyabrosd ,

nnd isan cd dentallusion to thehunting of the wolf (the Frenchloup in i

’

ormer dnysi"

The

nllnsion is not so evident ss

not c’alled loup either in the

Highlands or in the Lowlands.

In the Highlands the animalmeithercsfledMormadadhM ). awild dog ; and in

the Lowlands by its English .

Flemish, and German name .

“ wolf.”

It is farmore likelythat “ leap

"in the phrase is

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Hearmmye hillaand every glen.

The waefu' thudO

‘

recltless death whacame unseen—Buss s.

Mrs. Helen Carnegie oi’Mootrose died

ia rQ n tbe advanoedace of nioety-ooe.

Shemajacobhg and veryaristocratic.but on social terms withmay of the

burghers of the city. She preauvedaveryn ice distinction in hermode ol'addrosaiogpeople according to their ranltand statioo.

Shemfond ol’

agame ol quadrille firhin ),and sent out her servant emymoruing toiowite the ladies required tomake up the

“ Ne lly, ye’

ll gang to lady Carnegie

’

s. andmalt’my compliments. andat “: Mun r o! her ladyship

'acompauy,and that of theMiss Camegies. to teathisevening. li they eaomcann ye

'

ll zaoxto theMin Mudies. ssd aslt the pleasureof their company. l f theyannaeome, ”mann gang toMiss Hunter. and ask the

foon r ot’

her company. l f dte caonacome . yemaun gang to L~ot parlt .

It is probable that this word .

as atermof respect as well asof familiarlty, toamiddle-agsdor elderlymatron . “acorrup~

The French say.“ une brow

use the adjective kormt in thesome sense as in theanecdote

Beminiscenoes of Lord Her

mand. who. about to pmoen

tenoe on awoman, began re.

meown th ely. “ fl onestmombour’s tuh f”

Howvouldhis fi ighland lst hoen oobler

—H ismatchless hand with finer touch

—t rts : The 8 rk s ( Ayn

Lug, to pul l by the ear. orotherwiae to haul alood , is still

current in English ; but tug, theear. is obsolete, except in the

Northern Oout hough commo in English literature in the

tions have been suggested for

the word in its two divergences.

The Gaelic lag, genitive brig.

signifies acavity, whence it is

cavity of the ear. Colemhcwever. renders lug by the Latin .

The (1311a 0! ing. toM0

to dragaload . seems to be from

Lug. the car. ahandle ; also topull, to drug or haul. b owie.a small wooden dish with

handles . baggie, the hornedowl, so called fromthe lengthof its ears.

Showd he was nane o‘

Scotland ‘

s dogs.- Bonnaz TMM Dogr.

U p theygotand shoolt their lul r.Rejoiced dteywere nameo but dogs.

Lam—Machines . I

load itself to theaction ofmoving it.

Lum. the chimney. the vent bywhich the smoke escapes fromthe fireplace . The word is used

in the north of England as wellas in Scotland. The etymologyis uncertain . The Kymric haslimo», abeacon, achimney ;the Irish Gaelic has luc id-tit,swift ; and the Scottish Gaelicluntlt (tea). swift ; and cm.

aspirated into chemorMos. away,apassage,

whence lea- heau,

the swift passage bywhich thesmoke is carried 08 .

Themost probable derivationis fromthe Gaelic loan . ablaze ; whence . by ex tension of

meaning, the place of the blaaeor fire.

Lame,atool ,aspinning-machine .aloom.

Loads, apiece, aslice, whence

the modern English lunch, aslightmeal in themiddlc of theday.

Cheeaeaud bread frae women'

s lapaWaadealtabout in lax ka

And dawds that day.

MachleasJaz y. sluggish. indolmit.

Lunt, the smoke of tobacco. toemit smoke ; fromthe Flemishloat. alighted wiclt.

—Bum:mmom.

Lurder. an awkward, laz y. or

worthless person ; fromthe

French low , heavy ; lourdaud.

aheavyaud stupidman .

Let alaoemaltsmanyalarn'rr fisegleetmakes many a one worthlessi—Du uRausav.

Li l -ft. grey fromthe Gaelic liatlt(lie ) . which has the samemeaning.

Twahadmanteels o’

dolci'

ni black.Butane in but ! hung.

- Bms : The Holy Fair .

Lykevwake, the ceremonial ofthe watching overadead body.

Lyke is fromthe German k icks,the Dutch and Flemish lift, a

A littleabout her c'

c,

And she'

sawa' toWi llie'

s baht,As fastas gang could she.

- Bvcrtau's Ballads : WW :

M in sk .

out the t, which somewhat detracts fromthe probability of

modcirgmlasy, indolent person .

literally a“son of Mom"

which is anearer.approach to

126 Mad as aHatter—Marys .

He‘

s amy guidmbmlmw he’sis defined byJm sign i

gmtcnal IW o’

awifa—Jmtmu.

lying to busy one'

s self aboutnothing. which would seemtobe an abbreviation ofmadcisg.

He says thatmachlas is generally used in an unfavourable

Maduahatter. This isnuglishas well as Scottish slang, to

Whyahatter should bemadderthan ashoemaker, atailor. orany other handicraftaman, hasmost probablyarises fromacorruptionandmisconception oi theGaelic word dads, aswelling.c iteamolld . swelling, blustering.

foaming like a cataract inmotion , or the assembling of

anoisy crowd . Jamleson, naaware oi the Gaelic origin . de

fined the Scottish hatter as anumerous and irregular assemc

blogs of any kind, ahatter oi

stanes . or acon fused heap of But theseare suggestions onlystones ; and hoaa-iag, as col~ for studeuts oi h ngmgmand

are not cfiered as true derivacc allaacrmemly siguifiesmd tious for the guidance oi the

as aoataract or acrowd. In

the old Lsngue Romano—the name reoentlygiven byapopmlar French playwx-ight to avetyqumelscmemd litigiousm

M amadman.

MM W W Mancient popular tetmior avio.

now so apparently inexplicable,must originally have had ameaning, or itwould never haveacquired the currency oi aprcverb. If the word Maggie forMargaret be w cepted as the

generic name iorawoman . like

Jill in the umrhyme of“ Jack and Jill went up the

hill ;"or like Jenny in the old

song of “ Jock and Jenny ;and Rob or Rab be held to

signifyaman. the phrasemaymean avin go. awoman withthe behaviour andmasculinemanners oi the Other scx .

The rab ormb in the phraseis susceptible of another interprotation. The Gaelic rob. or

Either of these epithets wouldveryaptly describe the kind of

woman referred to in the ex

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( 28 Mark and Burn—Man ors.

discovery of marvels, whichturn out to be nomarvels at separating one tarmor estateall . " The compiler w countsfor the ex pression byan anec mw e b e,mythic: m,M itdots of “

three cockneys. who. “Mambasaid never mout ruralising. determined to ben ef it—Jam.

to” mfind out something about nests.

Ultimately, when they came Marmot . an ancient title of

upon adung- heap, they judgedhy the signs that itmust be aW e nest, especially “ theycould see themare close by.

"

acorruptiouoi theGaelicmro

add ,an error, and ”Moist (til

silent). afool, whence it tool'

s

error, i .s. ,mare's nest. SomeGaelic scholars are of opinion

Mm' one of apnir. amate,athat the word is compounded 00mm8 0 equal, asweet

dm mm'mm.heart—fromthe Gaelic mar,

snicker, or enact-a, reduced into

order or system, ta, systematic

Mark and burn. To say ot athmg that it h lmnmcrk andM oiguifies that it is totally

ticn ; not that it ismarked or

burned in the sense of the

oi the Gaelicmahorse

traced by the pemmbulaticnsat stated periods oi men on

horseh ok—md bsmastreamof running water. the natural.

timu ser'

ves u the boundarybetween lsnds oi diflerent pro

Imds d the ldq ad M and Jarls,

With helmon headand glaive in hand,lurustyarmour dim,

Responsive to some poweriul call,Gathered ohedieat ooeandall.

beauti fully applied to aloverorweddod partner.as one whosemind is the exact counterpartof that of the object ot his

aflootion . It appears in on lyEnglish literature, but now sur

vivesmly in the poetry anddailyspeeoh of the Scottish andnorthern English people .

O ne ( love or shoe is n ew to am“hen—M Mamas“uwsaa‘s d n h km 'y.

And whsn we came to C loventocd,Whate’

u hz tidg we’ll wmuide,

Man d el—J inan . t

fi d dle with yourmn w asq with

Man cin i. asteward , an upperservant ; fromthe Gaelicm.

ageing. afarm- servant,asort,a

Mart ormairt, cow - beef saltediorwinterprovision . So called,says Jamieson .

“ fromM amathe termst which beevesare usually killed for winter

store.

"Perhaps the future edi

tors of Jamieson will talte notethat - tort in Gaelio siguifies a

cow ; unfl baimmmilch cow ;andmfl eoil . beei ; and thatconsequently the word has no

relation to the Martinmas iestival. In anote to

“ Noctes

Ambrosisnm," Professc errier

mys start is an or killed at

Mask ,to infuse ;usuallyemployedToM the teais, in Scottish

the Swedishmask,amash.

Naughts. power.

Theyhadme asn pus for sicatoilsome'

l‘

he bsrcfaosd robbers had put od’

the

M ths hcrds that playedanmh yShortarts to footj ut has naemfl a

Theword is iromthe TeutonicM . power. might. ability.

The root seems to be the GaelicM powertul . ablo.m8 .

nudmithieh crmoitks ich to

Maukin . ahare ; fromthe Gaelicmoigl sndt.and W M , with

God hslp the day wten royal hsadsAn hunted lih amk a.

Mauks,maggots.l saw ths oookmn fully wi’ the knifs

serapin‘

out the mom- Nauru: A nc

Mann.must. This Scottish verb ,

like its English synonym, hasno inflections, no past cr iuturetensaand no iniinltive. The pe

culiarityof the Soottish word isthat it sometimes signifiesmy,and sometimesmust. as in the

line oi D'

U riey’

s clumsy imitation oiaSoottish song.

"WithinaMile of Edinbmgh Town '

L

130

Perhaps the use ofmay asmost,and rice rem. was introduced into the Lowland Scotchby the Gaelic- speaking High

landers. PM in Gaelic siguifiesmay or can . and facade -r

domk. obligation or necessityis Imust.

Mavis, the singing thrush . This

word, once common in EnglishSpenser, in the following passage fromhis Epithalamium,"seems to have considered the

mosh and the thrush to be difie'

l‘

he thrush repiies z themm'

r dacant

In Scottish poetry the wordis oi constant oocurrenoe.

l o vain tome in glen or shsw

Themm) and the lintwhite sing.—Buas s.

O h, tsll sweetWillie to oonte doun,And hear the lwmfs singing :

And sce the birds on ilkabush,

—Bucsan’aAncient

An eccentric divine discoursing on ach ss ol persons who

were obnox ions to him, con

tion ,

"Ms ireenait isas impossib le ioramodmtc to enter into

the kingdomof hsaven se forasoo (sow) to sit on the tap o

’ athistle,and sing liloeamosis. ”Boon e

‘s Illustratiovuq oottish

Mam’s—Mslider.

butas hiahometwnsnotan idol,but asserted himself to be theprephet ot the true God, it is

possible that the philologists

of an earlier dayaccepted theplausible etymology. wi thoutcaring to inquire further. It

is, nevertheless, worthy of consideration whether the word

does not come fromthe Gaelic

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132 Merry Scotland —Middm.

Merry Scotland. The epithet“merry"

was applied to Baglandas well as to Scotland,andwasacommonmode ofaddressto acompany ormultitude of

soldiers, hunters, or boon comOH K ing Colemamn y old soul,Andaw rv old soulmhe,

And he alled for hh pipq and he calledfor his bov l,

And he called forhls fiddlers thm.

O fall the giris himsmlad ,

Few words have puz zled kept in the house ! The word .

philolog‘immmcompletely however, is the Gaelicmm .

thanmirthandmarry. Johnson a P"t dog, a“P4 108 ; fromw no etymology Skin mess. fancy, kindness, regard.

ner derived merry fromthe w oundg sle' fiu hgn . quo¢h on

German mhm, to ;magnify blind n ess“ .

and Junius fromthe Greekmm,to anoint, because the

Greeks anointed themselves Mess John, the old epithet in

with oil when theymademn '

y Scottish ballad poetry for ain their public games ! The pfi est ,defl ved fromthe celemword has no root in anyof the tion of themass, so that MmTeutonic languages, German,

Dutch, Flemish, Danish, or phrase, John, who celebratedSwed ish ;andoannotbe traced to themass. The English has theeither French , In tin , Italian, or kindred phrase, Jock Priest.Spanish. TheGaelicyieldsmir,sport ;min ced, festivasportive ; (o,Mma, width?mm, cheerfnh joyons. It thus Wmdmdmm'

smxappears on the evidence of Mmfi t

'

t w vm- Tk Le ss 0

’Mepithet for these islands was

given by the Celtic inhabitants ,and not by the Saxonand otherTeutonic invaders . though itwas

W G PO‘M

Bat tbo'hemo‘

high dq ree,

The fiemo'

pride, nae pride had he,lint wad hae spentan hour camsin'

E'

en wi'atinh r gipsy

‘sm

—Bvans : Ti s h a- Dar.

Theglossaries to Burns, judging fromthe contex t. and the

gipsy, imagine smsis tomeanamongrel , a dog of mix edbreeds. Jamieson says it is asmall dog, acountry cur, so

called fromblmina, in 8icily,

whence this speoieswasbrought ;or fromthe French un ison , a

Men—MM. r

Ye gbmduthcmand fell in the

- Au.an Rausav’

s Scots PM

But better stuff ne'

er l’d s addl es .

—Bums : 51mm“: Yar n”.

The word is still used in theNorthern counties of England.

and was derived by Bay frommud. The true dm'ivatien is

fromthe Gaelic auditors, thecentre, themiddle, ormidst.Trundlin

’

inan iddt nO fdrafl'

.

4 :51:3 1.mMim, meek, modest, prudish .

prim. reticent, aflected andshy of speech ; applied only to

onely to efl eminate youngmen .

This word is usually dmivedfromthe Englishm. which

Scottish mmeans mefl ymouthed, only speaking when

spoken to, over~disereet in con

versatiomassertionmr reply zSee ! up be

'

smt tbe Word o'

God,

Maidemshould be n fsr till they’

re

M M '

d poutber’dM

Fu’

lifted up wi'

li ebn w iou.

And hands upoo his bremic.

H im, as distinguished fromunmisan evident rendering of

Minikin, very small, applied in

derision toalittleaffected per.

souof either sex ; derived pos

siblyfromthe Gaelicmin , small ;or fromthe Flemishmsikin .alittleman.

Minnie,atermof endearment for

H ist, for the Asn y Oflice, is

expression, fromrain and brieMar, s word. Mmis provincialand colloquial in England.mammmmmc ome the gentlemea, prim, prim,wink :

Then comes the countryclown,Gallop s

Mydaddie loob glum,andmymmlooks sour.

Thq flytcme wi' jamie because he ispoet

—Legh o’m

Fromthe Flemishmin , love,

and the Gaelicmin, sweet, soft .

pleasant, kind . musical alsolittle, needasatermof endearment.Mint, toattempt, to try, to essay,toaimat . The resemhlance inthe ideaof the Scottishmint,to attest, to try, to essay, andthe Mira, where the preciousmetals are essayed, or tried asto their purity before they arecoined intomoney, is curious,especiallywhen it isrememberedis still sometimes called the

l Mx'ré—Missz'e.

usually traced to the Germann ew ,

the Dutch slum, the

mology of the Scottish mi st,to essay, or try, is unknown ;though it is possibly to be

found in the Allemanische or

German pato is wm’

atmto intend .

tomw n to doathing.

Mintiu‘l naemidst—ALLAN Rants/W'

s

Aman nmy n r’

s i‘ and no'

hit themark.

o - Ausut kaussv.

Mird, to ogle, to leer, tomakeawoman .

Donald was smerkit wi'n i tric andmockery—Jan nalions : Donald Mac

N r‘

n f v i‘

yourmines (consist—Jamsson .

Mirk . dark . Of uncertain ety~

fromthe Gaelic awn-cock, sad ,

Aman ‘

smind isa'wn'

rimin ers- ALLA ) :Rsmv

‘

s Scot: PMChad

'

s-k lM I is themidnight hour,

And load the tempest's roar.- Bvl us : b rim.

’

Twist the gio-mingand the uid ,

When tbe kye come hamc.

Mirkiins. the gloamk lg, incliningto bemirk or dark.

Mischant, aworth less person ;

sometimes applied to the samemischeater, as applied to the

or doer ofmischief or wicked

not of the same etymologyasM utan is probahly acor

Gin Rab Royhae beard o'this lady

’

s

W e” , be wadnabe hug d’clearin’

"labours—Lord Lovatan’a',and lettingMaug ham- Milan ? ! ”main 0/

Misleard. unmannerly, rude,mismum'

smn fskad achap thatgin he ken

'

t we were lxind to ber, he wadmak‘

whanp 0’

our hides tomend hisHighland bingues v i

'

.—Macuav'

sMc

Missie,afondling termforamyyoung girl. The English word

rain , of which, at first sight,

M cwould seemto be an affectionate diminutive. is of very

mamAl ias and n ew are peenliar to

known in auy of the Teutouic

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136

the French wider, to mingle.

Halliwell's Archaic Dictionarycontainsmelt— said to be aU ncolnshirewcrd, sign ifying tc

Guidale keepsmy heart abuts.

—Bunns : Good A le Cm.

M does notmean to keep companywith mefl dcq mddle whh have to dowith) ,mreallymcans to eat, or ratherto nibble,and, if lmistnke not. is an old

Engiish wordr- the pment formcf the

Morn. The Scotchmake adistinction between themwhichmeans to-mcrrow, and mom(without the article), whichmeans morning—thus, “ themorn’

s morn is tccmcrrowmorning.

Mo th e r- nak e d, starkmaked,

utterly naked ; as naked as thenew - born babe at themomentof birth . This word, though a

modern English dictionaries,and does not even appear inNares , Halliwell . orWright. Ifit were ever English , there re

main no traees of it either in

literature or in the commonspeeoh of the people. It is still

Mom—Mower.

A dovg butandawan,

l’

ll bemyselfagain .

“ W VW YW TMM .

Readers of the “ ArabianNights

'Entertainments ”

will

the storyo onng Tamlane , in

Mentor. fee paid to themiller forgrinding corn ; eldEnglisb ,m-Ltim; French,mom, tc grind.

l t'

s good to bemerryand wise,

Wi ‘a' her bairnsabout her,l ik ane gataquarter cnlseAnd themilier gat hismb r

M acaw

Momjesting.mockery, grimaces ; tomakemoim, tomakeAmont your friend in rumand tine

himinmneat.

It has been supposed thatmom, which in this sense

is only used in the plurah is

derived fromm'

, aScottiahabbreviation of month. it

would seemso at flrst blu-sh ;butas the French have “ faire

Muckle—Mushh - kail. x

in the Frenoh nnd not in the

Teuton ic. Possibly both the

Scottishmwe and the Frenchm hn e n oommon origin in

the Oeitic and Gaelic swimsfrown. In English slang.mugsignifies the face ; and “uglymug”

is n common expression

Mmmw kk , great,h rgmbig ; c -mou'd, higow ns, vociferous ;Muskie-muHQ . aname given to s cannonof large calibre . This word is

ak in to the English and , the

Spanishmucho, the Greek nmand n epala,and the utili singows—nil implying the sense of

greatness. TheGselichnsmd.[ in which the final 6 is oftenpronounced ch] , bunngreet sise ;udmudamwmagnify.

Eva-

y little helpe tomk emm.

Andmus hu l secn,But huttons upcn bh nkeuSaw 1 never nene.

—owr cm un'

Hmat E n .

Mull, asnufl or toheoco- box , asused in the Highlands . The

In wland Sootoh sometimes callasnuff - box “a.meshinmill ."mili hcingaoon nption oimullfromthe Gaelic ado , abag,

the French made, a trunk or

The lnntin’

pipe endmab '

un ifl

Ate

else. ever saw acontrivnnce of

that kind in asn trR - box .

Mnrguliie . to speil. tomnngle . to

h oemte. to de£orm. SometimesHeMan ” w as; the howlet on themoudiewort dawn—Muzu iw

‘

sMemoir:

Muslin- hail, an epithet appliedby Burns to apurely vegetablesoap. withontnnimnl ingredientsof bailey. greens, onions . he .

l'

il sit dov n o'

er tnyecentymal.Be

'

t water-Mme o: ” d in -hel l .

AsW e theMmdinn failTo say the grace.

to jam: Smith.

Jamieson says. with anon

comprehension of the origin of

theword willand its connectionwithmail . that the amid - box

was formerlyused in the countryasamill for grinding the driedtobacco leaves ! It so. the boxmust have contained somemao

It has heen snpposed that thewordmd dn was applied to itonacoonnt of its thinness . The

French call it sommign ; bnt

asmnsl in wu only introdnced

to Enrope fromMosnl in Indiain 1670, and vegetable broth

was known fior countless agesbefmthat time in every partof themld it is possible thatmalin isan en

'

oneons phonetiemndefing of ndMOrmumBoth -mun and M an ap

138

pour in Jamieson,who translatesthe former as mixed corn ,

"

and the latteras “amix ture of

edibles,”butgives no etymology

for either. Mmisaword that,in almost every language of

Europe,and which, in its English form, is derived bynearlyallphilologists frommm,atable.

But that this is an error will

appear on alittle examination.

formoriginally signified, innearly every instance in whichitwasused,adish ofvegetables .

The old translation of the B ible

The Dutch and Flemishmsignifies a dish of herbs, or

herbs reduced to what the

Frenoh oallapum; the Americans call oatmeal porridge . or

anycompound oimashed grain,smash. The Gaelicmsigni

fies fruit orvegetables,and this ,

full , is doubtless the true root

oi W orm/alum. renderedmusl in by Burns's printers . It

may be observed thatM to

render into apulp or pum, is

ex clusivelyused ior vegetables.asmhed potatoauash d turv

Muteh—Mutdukin .

for the reduction of beef,mutton , and other flesh ofanimalsinto smallerportions orparticlce.to Burns.

Mutehmm ’s cap or bonnet ;

fromthe Flemish mute. the

the samemeaning.

Their tcys andmtd awmsae clean.Th ey glancit in our ladies

’

e'

en .

—Ai .LAN Kutsu .

A'

dressed out in aprons ciean,

—Sl lt At rium 803mm: 1mMutchkin, a pint ; fromthe

Flemishmudde, ahectol itre, alarge quart ; or amid . aquart.An English traveller. whopridedhimself on his knowledge of theScotch language, called at anin in Glasgow for amatch -faof whisky, under the ideathatW e signified apill . or asmall glass. in

quired the waiter, “and a’ toyoursel

'l”

said the Englishman . I trowye

'

Il be geyan'ion ,

"said the”Never

youmind.

”said the Englishman, “ bring it.

”And it was

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140

Neep. aturnip ; fromthe FrenchA late h rd justice-Clcrh ct

’

tt ourtof Session , who was iond oi spou

-

t, wasshooting pheasants in afield of turnips,

aner enlightenlng the fumer as to his

high status and position. and cooling hismth bysubmis ion toan aathcrlty not tobe successfully contestcd, without p ester

trouble than the conmtmmh—Smo

l ist W and / i sm.

Neuk , acorner ; English anook .

asmall corner. Both wordsarederived fromthe Gaelic trig, acorner, which, with the iadefinitearticle aabefore it,wascorrupted froman oak, or anuig, in to aasult, oraaook. The

Flemishmtg and heat, and the

German eck accrner. are trace~able to themme Oeltic root.The deil sits girnin

’

in themb,R ivin

'

sticks to rcast the b eak.

—/M W MW VM J WM d CW aCoM .

to the " Gmk kalends.“is

Nap—N ike, Auld N ikk, New- Ben .

nonm‘r. sometimes written hm.

air ; Flemish,miter, or nianicer.

Littiemay an auld nag dc thatmunna

N imM Nu Nick ie- Ben.

All theoe names are used in

the third is psouliartc Scotland ,

and finds no place in English

parlance.

Y eaihfimmighul dinnah a,

—Buas s Ad i natoas Dd] .

Why N iok came to signifySatan in the Brifi sh lsles ha-s

formedafter themodel 01Martinmas ,Michaelmas,aud Ohristmas. It does not occur in

Jamieson. It is found in Arm»strong

‘

s Gaelic Dictionary asthe translation of Labas in asBathe “ day oi the cutting ot

the flax ," which has in the

Highlands the meaning of"never,

"or

“at no time," or

ataveryuncertain time .

"

Nidder, N ikita—N icer. 1

therefore . be considered as ajoke. rather than as aph ilological assertion . It is remarkable, too, that N iel: and Old

N ick, whatever he the derivation, is aphrase unknown to

our own . The derivation fromN icholas is clearly untenable ;

or gchlin, in the Scandinavianmythology. is equally so ; for

the on N ick of British super

stition is reputed to havemoreto do w'ith fire than water,andhas no attributes in commonwith Satan, the prince of the

because the devil is reputed to

behh ch is butperverted ingenu

ity. All the epithets showaedupon the devil by Burns,

Oh thou, whatever title auit thee,Auld Satan . B ernie, N ich or Clootie.

are,with the exception of Satan ,titles cl irreverence, familiarity,and jocosity ; Harm’s, fromthe

appears in the glossaries to

Allan Bamsayand to Burns, “

M orto ehmt, is the true origin ,

given to Satauby people whoobject to the word devil . andthat the same name is descriptive. according to the SlangDictionary. of acard almostimperceptibly longer than the

other cards of the pack. usedbycard - sharpen forthe purposeof cheating. To be out on the

n ick is, on the same authority,to be out thieving. The etymology of s ick in this sense is

doubtful . Dr. AdolphusWagner,the learned editorof theGermanthe Greek Nun ,and translatesit “

to bite or to cheat. " In

Wright’

s Dictionary of Obsolete

and Provincial English, aid : isto deceive, to cheat, to denyalso, to win at dice unfairly.

"

down ; the Flemish neder, Eng

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MOW .maydgn ifyawoman instruoted in the due periormanceorall her household duties, and

to leavenothing torherdaughtertodo. Ot

‘

tennio,more commonly

An ob trmothamaltaam danghta.

- Au.art Raussv‘s Saa otrm.

Oo aye l An emphatic assertion

She'

sawecl- educatemamand ih hewin to t ngiish as l hae hw d hado

uay.

arm—now and that, unusual, not ftcquentlymetwith,almostalvaysassociatedwith tim—R . Bananas .

O rraman . Aman employed todo odd jobs on afarm, thatarenot in the regular routine of

though the origin of both is to

be found in the Gael ic train .

bad weather or storm.

pletely through

Su did theyo-M thc other.

—Bumx‘adadmm

The English Morofrort, andthe hoary (white, snowy) hairof oldage,are traoeahle to the

the Icelandic or, rain, and the

Outside of the Loof Owerv word. 1

Outside of the Loaf, the hackoi the hand.

“ The outside 0! oars by Celtic boMmen in Britomy loot to ye , is aphrase that tauy and the Scottish High

signifies awish on the part of

the person who uses tt to rep ct

the friendship or drop the ac Ower Bogiaaproverbinl phr-aseused in regard to amarriage

whomit is addressed . which has been celebrated bya

i f yo“no join the Free Kirk,"saida Mm 8 3“mt

wealthy widow to her cousiu. to whomahe had oftenmwyod the fi nt that he

death h hint that nemrlpened into afact),

“ye

’

ll hae the n trrllc o'my loof,and

nemsee thc inside o’

tagain.

’—C . hi .

Oub peckle . a laughing - stock ;and bencpeclalc, to be easily to

cognised by some outermarkof singularity. These words

have acommon origin ,andarederived either fromspent, or

speckle, asmallmark or spot ;or fromspectacle, corrupted into

Whn drimthir kye,”

ganWilliotoaay,

l tvill awn v i'my love,

w an. "mmowin Withl willawa

‘

v i'

her,81” Though a

‘mykin ‘

had sorrowand said,I

‘

I W M vi‘

ha.

oint my father - Au.AN R ims/w : Tea7 0614”Mb ” .

shire with the English GretnaGreen marriages , performedunder similar conditions. The

origin is unknown , though it is

supposed that some accommdatingmagistrate.at some timeorother, resided on the opposite

side of the river Bogie fromthat of the town or villagein habited by the lovers who

desired to be joined in the

bonds of matrimony withoutsubjecting themselves to the

sometimes inconvenient inter

rogations of the kirk. Jamiesonerroneously quotes the phrase

I 46 O tter— Pad.

And aye themmd d’

hisaougWas, wac

'

sme for l’riooe Chuiie .

Themrling flew to the window stane,l t whistledand it snug,

Aodaye them ri o’the tune

Was “Johnnie tarries tang.

”

O x ter. the armpit aud the spacebetween the shoulder and thehosom; sometimes it is used incorrectly ior the lap ; and to emin iondnesa Fromthe Gaelicsolid, the breast or bosomwhence also the Latin uxor, awife. i n , the wife of cod e

bosom; and tworiom, £ondlyattached toawile'

; q o o. anadopted son . the son ot one

’

s

Pack . familiar, intimte , closely

Nae doubt but theywmfain o'

ithc ,

And uocoforl and thick thagitber,

Bonus : The 7'a

Poet is not only uaed as anadjective , but is common as anoun in oouoqumsngmuasin the phrase,apnok of rascals,and apoob of thieves. In this

Pad . to travel , to ride. Often in

Scotlandwhenalady iaseen on

bon ehwok in the ruml districts,the ohildren ot the villages fol

iromthe 'l‘

eutonic ouch bot noeuch word is to be found in the

He did lilte onymavis aiug,And

u

as l in hiauur sat

even to bemore immm

and Dutch have ab et, agusset,wh ich Johnson defines as “anangular piece oi cloth, inserted

in agarment, particularly atthe upper end of the sleeve of

ashirt, orasapart of the neck .

"

low her,crying out, Lady-

pod !

ladymd l " Jamiesonaayathaton pod is to travel on foot, thatpad, the hooh isacant phrase,aignifying to walk,and that theground is paddil whmit hasmen hardened byfreqnent pasaing and repassing. He deri ves

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148

extension ofmeaning, to payoue

‘

s deserts byabeating,as intbeproverb in AllauRama/ay“ He

'

s aairest dung that is paidwith his own wand,

"i .c. , he la

surest hit who is beaten with

his own cudgel.

Paikie, atrull,aprostitute,afl e

de joie, aeuphemismfromtheGaelic psamdl weaoa),asinner.

Pail ,asin ; the Freuch pecAer ;and the l taiianmInadulterie he wu ta'eoMade to be pu iaht for hisp a.

Pang, to fill full , to cram; paagfu

'

, as fun as one can hold.

sibly related to tho French

pom, belly ; poem, large bellied ; English pumhy.

Ie eseme on drink fl t gies usmairThan either school or college,

l t kindlawin it waultens lair,ltmmfu'o' ltnowiedge.

—Buas s : TA: 1100Fain

French porter, to speak ; theItalianporta-e. TheGaelicbeurlo

tioularly the English language.

Amcber’s nae word in atrue lover’sI t 'll .

But giememyM andafufor thewart—Bul l s :Mq o

'

tk l fi fl .

Parritch or porridge. A formerlyfavouritaifnot easentiah iood ofthe Scottish poople ofall clasaa,

composed of oatmeal boiled inwater to athick cousistwcy,

Pa{He—Posh.

withmilk , but is equallypalatable with butter. sugar. beer,or wine. It is sometimes re

tained inmiddleandupperclassfamilies ; but among the very

placed by the ohuperand less

The hail-cute Ann -itch, chief o' Scotia‘afood.

—Boas s : W :mM .

M the head, the brow, the

forehead. Allan Barnaay, ln rberand wig-maker,aang ot his

I theek lthn chl thaougand liae the

Put n am-ab , fromthe Gaelic ;M uhamding inmbs ;

Ofmonyn donos nnd wittyMAnd hnithn ys p dnain tbemh.

A bue puk signifies n bd d

hud , sndmad -pash is equivno

lent to the English mndcnp.M to pnsh or bntt like nmmor hnll. with the hend. Pain

Paugkbh - Pafwky. I

Art thounry eaifl

Towhioh l lamilius repliesY es ! ifyouwill, nry l .ord.

his imaginary wrong. rejoins

Thon wantsarough faj and the shootsthn l hnvemhe fnll lilreme.

It is amusing to note into

what errors the English editors

of Shakspeare have fallen , in

their ignorance of this word.

Nares thought that push wassomething belonging to abull—he did not know what—oracalf,and Steevens thought thatit was the Spanish per,akiss.Mr. Howard Stsunton , the

editor of Shah peare . had aglimpse of themeaning, andthought that push mean t a“W head .

” Jamieson so

knowledged the word, but attempted no etymology. PM is

olearlyderivahle fromthe Gseliobut/taidprmounoedbash orpul ) .and signifies the forehead. The

allusion of theunhnppy Ie ontesto the ol oouon his rough pads

(wrinkled brow) is to the hornsthat vulgar phraseology plnoes

understood passage in the

sive, bnt without having the

qualities oimind or person to

braggadooio,afonfamAn askin' l heg ol thee ;

Fordi imye ne'

or shall see.

M hun the ksys ofl ’eter.

—Bonns : A 0m.

oohool~boys, past and present.have painful knowledge of themeaning of these two words.

Pounds is a stroke over the

Open hand, with aeane or the

tam. The tomis athong oi

leather out intoatringeat the

It is, and was, the recognisedmode of punishment for slight

ofi'

enoes or breaches of dis

cipline at school , when the

to the severer and more de

poctsriori, after the fashion of

fromtheM ot the hand, theFrenchm and tomis theplural formof the Gaelic toad,arope,ascourge.

Pawky, of asly humour. wise,insinuating - all in one. There

in English. The etymology isTheM anld carle eamowre the lu,

Wi'mony good e’

ens andmod dxys to

150

Pae l la}: is the smoke of pest

when driedand burned for fuel ,the flavour of which used to behighly appreciated

'

in Scottish

whiskey, whenmade by illicitdistillers in lonelyglens amongthemountains, out of the usualreach of the ex cisemsn . Fromthe solitaryplaces of itsmanufacture. whiskey received the

or the “ Dew of Ben Nevis,which it still retains.

Mountain Dome/w as aSoot's understudios.M as hisconscienoe vhen vet he goes.Wamas his heart to the friends he has

SM u hisarmwh n he fighuwithhiatu s !

l n liqoor like this should old Seotland herouted,

So fill ” again , “ the pledgo we‘

ll

renew ;

U nsunied in hononr, our hlen in¢s upon

Scotland formr l and old fl n ntefn

Peck, to pant. to blow, for wantof hresth. Derived byJamiesonfromthe Danish p il low, to palpitate .

MrPesmu l w a-tfido.And up ParmMr

‘

n’.

—Bms : ToWW cm .

Thmeomu yonng uonb of high como

plaice .O i n ted devout. loveandM on

And in his eoun theirhotaesh dmaame),Fole b theb like withk d and pan t.

Sic tidinp hw d l sr the sasion.

Peat- Resé—P eda'er cofi .

Ev‘

n the ha‘ follrfill theirfied uWi’mn goutsmd snch lilre uuhuic,Th i

‘

s litde short o‘

downrightmtrie.

—Busus : TMM M

Fodder- code apedlnr. In AllanRamsay’s “ Ewengreen .

” apoem

English slang pwhw hnngry, isprobablyderived fmmthe sameroot,and not fromthe beak . orpeok oi ahird .

is entitled a“ Deswiption of

Pedderm, their having no

regard to honesty in their vocation .

"Both pedda- and cqfsare

of Teutonic derivation ; pod,sometimes written pod, fromthe GermanW ; Flemish ped.flmh sw d w ar kqt

'

efi romh uffi n to huy ; whenceapedlarfignifled awalkingmerchantwho carried his wares alongwith him. But it should he

observed with regard to weTenton ic derin tion , thatmmeKymric, oranoient langnage of

Wales ,more ancient than the

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152

fromits ems similarity to apenn and tMt the Scotch originally oalled it aFrenoh pear or

1m, beoause it was first im~ported fromFranoe.

according to

one who returns little or no

Fells- thank , is,

Peik in this phrase aeems to beacorruption andmisspelling of

the Gaelic bang (b pronouncedas P) . little . Jamieson derivesit fromthe Italian pow.

TheEnglishp ickoMaskappearsto have had adifi

'

erent origin

and meaning, and signifies .

according to the examples of

its use in Nares, asycophant,a favourite . a fiatterer, whostrove to pick up , acquire, orgather thanks fromthe greatsmiling pick - thanks. and base

newsmongers ;"Fairfax .

“anattoret,apick - thank,and aliar.

"

Possibly, however, the Boot

tish and English interpretationsof the wordmay bemore akinglance. Sycophants, fiatterers,

ungrate ful, unless it be, as LaRochefoucanld sowittilyasserts,for favours to come.

”

Pericles. ear- rings ; frompen

She's gotk afl n in her lnp ,

Cochlu hells wadut hcr brtttr :

Pm'k' lhank— Pmy .

Bealassie e’

ersae hlaclt,

Set hcrup on'

l‘

intoch tap,The wind will hlawarnan till her i

word means “revenge , and

I’

se hae psnnafl s o'himyet

may be frompamyw th . It

ismore likely to be fromtheGaelicpsis ,punishment ; pessd l .revenge ; andM , high or

mouly used in Scottish par»lanoe formoneygeuemlly,as in

treasurer ; penny- wedding, a

contributed towards the ex

pense of themarriage festival ;on lyfriendship is forhis friend

’

smoney. The Frenoh use dss ier,and the Italians dunes-i, in the

Peny isane hardyhnyght,Peny ismelryl of niyght .

Faiths—Pickle. I

to psove this sanitation seemcoly te

evince astrength of character supc ior lo

Perlins or pearlins, fine linenomamented with lace worlr or

wig-mohair) . precise abouttrilles ; fin ishing, over - dainty,

trim, neat . nicely drm

what theydrink—Nod e:

Peuter or panther. to canvass . to

solicit votes , to thrust one'

s

self forward in election times toask forsupport ; fromthe Gae licput. to thrust, and pun k . one

who thrusts ; and the Flourishpastors». to poke one

’s fingers

into other people'

s business .rendered in the French andFlemish Dictionarypousser lee doigts, clans quel

He hasM ad Qnmferq eod lmsay he will begin to

rally a little cloth ; fromthe

Gaeliofl eadk,acloth , awovengarment,and besg. little.Oh to sce his tartnn trews,

Thet'

s the laddie l 'll gang wi

x'astsmmoha i n t -k eep sake»)Wi‘ thd r cleymoreandMM-tqw.l f l face themagdmdeil hsu kmy lcga,So l wish youagood rnornin

’

.

They tooh himniest to Setan '

s ha'.Thc e to lilt wi

'his grandpepa

Says Cumherland, l 'll no gang henPor fur lmeet wi'ChArlie ‘

smen.

Pickle, asmall quantity ; fromthe Italian piccolo, smell, akinto theGaelic berg (orpay), little .min familiar English , asapplied to asmall , unruly,andtroublesome boy, is of the sameorigin ;

" a wee p ickle sent,”

avery small quantity of salt ;asmall quan

tityof flax orhemp for spinninginto yarn. Pickle is sometimesused for pafsr. tommsmallthings.

“ To p icfl e in one’

sain

poet , or peak ,

"t. e. , to take

grain out of one‘

s own bag, isa

to depend on one'

s ownmsourcesor exertions. A hen is said to“

pickle up”when she searohes

for and feeds on grab . The

wond, in thesemses, is notfrom

154

the same someas piobls,topreserve in salt or vinegar.She giu the bud aM nits

And tn red-cheekituppln

Pigmnmrthen pitcher or other

vessel, e fiowerr

pot. Piggcrie,

aplace for themsnnfaetnre of

mand p igmfi . hawker-s of

crockery, or keepers of shops

where urthenme iuoldfimmthe Gaelic p laced/c, en earthenM“ in ; W m“N ew ;

ite finalmanufw tnrlng by fire

into a snpa'ior quality, seemsto be derived fromits coursemture ns resemhling themassesof olsyfromwhieh erookeryandearthenware are formed by thesimilsrageney of fire.

Cmuimmy drink, bmthen, oh.Ne v iou did e

'ermyhn imme

Tommuyufiud to n’nmh.

W MW to the well v i’movmEithefl hefig bmb on he wnm'ill spfll.

Wbmthe fl s h ommthe shn ds lk .

Ahmfish hdy. vho hndm hdore

hemin Seoth nd, amn¢ed to spend the

night et urapembk innfl n amd i wovinch l town in tbe south. Dd ring to

the ehmh e t r to the

“Would you like to hu n fl in yoor

bed thhmdd dcbgmem?‘

“ A wlutfi md thc hdy.

“AMm: l vmpms k in yoer

Mmkwmm l"

P ig—P x'

nktk- swali.

panel. Hemade nomph int- odid the

bilkand dechmd tbc eflect to be n tisfwm. tlm¢h “ ilmno uwdywhu he

hedmnt in it.“

- TmmyPMto pdckand steal ; p iBa, oneaddicted to pilferingmd petty

By thas dualen .

Imthe room,mm ; yourmistrus thall hw olmiusolmeo. ““ Nu ofieueefl hopgmm. “maymistrmhndemeask it,an’ I'mmshem h oot o

’

kindnm"

TheMympuuled. bn t feeling n tiabed that no imuitmintendedn he iooked

u tbe giflmd lben n id plmdy“ ls it common in t’

his coantry fer hdiesto hnvefi p in theirbeds?

”

“ Gentlemen heathenm,mem, wh¢nthemthn

’

s cmld. I‘

ll swelt themouthA right understandingmeomo to u

in lan d the lady found the fl v ith hotmin her hed oot so dmhk u she

HmA rkh chsgowmannfumm, un illi~mmwho hnd rkmfiomthemka,

having ordaed auumyucht,mfor aLoodon artiu to deeouu the puoeh in

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156

word is used in some parts of

England, particularly in the

south and west. It has beensupposed to be acorruption of

puck, or pool-lo, little puck,

sometimes called Robin Goodfellow. It is more probablyfromtheGaelic bong(peg),little,ti“ (sheet s fairy “ elicitedmwmalittle fairy,afsirysprite . Puck is the name of oneShakspeare, and in populartradition ; but the pinion aremultitudinous, and the words

puckandpix ieare fromdifierentsources . The English paolr isthe word thah in one varietyoranother, runs throughmanyEuropean languages. TheWelsh

or Kymric hasmoon (pocos ), agoblin ,asprite , the Gaelic booon,and Lowland Scottish how

’

s, the

Russian buy, the Dutch andFlemish spook, theGermn spat,he.

fimmm-m.mnposed to bemade in the grassby the footsteps, not of one

pack, but ofmany little sprites

that gamhle bymoon light cn

the green fl z r‘

oM apopular

mm-M ;M be .

wildered and led astn y by the

'

of the valne of one twelfth od

Pixie—Plea.

There'

sW M an'“MA n

’

j enny’

s bawbee.

OrM frae them.—Bunus : Search Dal-h

Smtch ajoint to catchaf lad ,

Abuseabnother to his back.

- Bua~s To Gavin 11mmfromtheancient Flemish coin ,

aplaquato, current before the

introduction into the Nether

lands of the French money,

reckoned by francs and cen

times.

Piea,alawsuit ; the substitutionof theaggregate of law for thesegregate . The English ver

‘bJo

plead, has received in Scottishparlanceapast tense which doesnot correctly belong to it. in

the phrase ,“ he pled guflty, in»

stead of “ he plcodod guilty,” as

ifpioad wereaword of Teutonic

tonic inflex ion which governsmost of the ancient Englishverbs, which are derived fromthe Dutch, German , or Danish, such as “ bleed, bled ;

"

blow, blew ;“run ,mm"

Verbs

s ke—q f . x

P lisltie,atrick, aprank . Fromnoise,aflash,ablaze.H er loat tnilitiafired her blood,Deil natheyuemmae do guid,

Played her thatpin kie.

—Buaas : d oth / c Ed n a! C17calm.

C halet !macertie, l aall ghaist them!l f they had their headsasmuckle on theirwart as on her «ladies, they wadnaplaysi c —Scorr zakm’

c l.

The English slang blob ,aswell ,

MM are youramiatwaMybonnie queen'

s layue in .

—Scor‘

r‘

sMinstrel: of“: ScottishM r : Sir Hugh Le BM .

in the pit of hell, the (lend, the

arch enemy. This singularword,orcombmafion ofwordnappearain Jamieson as “ fromthe Icelaudie Maori , aname of the

Scandinavian Pluto ; or blotbok—fromblot, to sacrifice ; andhobo, to swallow the swallower of sacrifices. ” May not

home than in lceland : in the Ploy, a plot, scheme, contri

To coadiee was to load the dice for thethe purpose of chw ting ; andwow . in old English . signifiedaswindler,acheat. This deri

vation would signify the cheat,the tempterwho dwells in the

caeemorbottomless pit of hell ;andmight have been includedby Burns in his “ Address to

the Dell ," among the other

names which he batows uponthat personsge.

Plout, planter. to wade with dif.

atin to the English plod, as inthe line in Gray

's Elegy z

The ploughmn homewardapb dr hiswearyway.

Fromthe Gaehc plodaaaolod

ofmud ormire,asmall pool otwater ; plodanad td, the act of

paddling in the water or themud.

Pmthrough thickand thin.

-Gnosa.ManyawearyM she cost himThrough guttersand glaur.—]amnsoa: Popular Ballads.

Had it uo been, h(r. Not-th, for your

M erw in a’

the rivers and lochs o’

Scotland, lilreaNewfoundland dc¢.

l wish he rnaynahae beenat the hottomo’themblan ch—Scorn R ob Roy.

Pittmaslight emisdon or short

pufl ofmokaeither fromatobacco-

pipe or of gas fromabuming coal ; poesihly of the

158

M ad ighh short or suddenmovement of the wind or the

breath.

Pockpud,an abbreviation of the

contemptuous epithet of pooh

multitude to the English , in the

were as unpopular in Scotlandas the Sootch still are amongthemore ignorant of the lowerTbcy sIM . theyrlom. thcy lookm

bit .At illtaatrulte they fellaWhigThey

'

ll fright the fuds o'

the M ,

Formonyabuttoclr‘s bare coming.

horten—StaWan-

ran Soar-

r : e lty.

Pocko shakinga, abumorousandvulgar termspplied to the lastborn child of a large family,expressive of the belief that nomoreare to be expeoted.

Poind, to lay adistmint on adebtor

’

s goods, tomake aseizure for non -

paymcut or arrearsof rent. The word was once

current in English .and survivesin acorrnpt fomas istpound,and pound,straycattle. The omocrwhoseduty it was to iupomd wasformerly called a piade r. a

or legend in the “ Finder of

Wakefield,

"celehmted in con~

nection with the deeds, res l ot

fabuloug of Bobin Hoodand his

Pocfipmi—Por'nl .the French poigne, the closed

Theyfl hr’

dmygearand aiewmykniz htMyaervantsa'for life did flee,An

‘

leftme in emtremitie.

—Lm l y tk W WU ow.

A pnir poa’

nd signifies a

callyapplied to one who is not

of body,mind, andmanners.Mumyaaid thathe nen rsaw the Queen

Scots.

Th is isal‘rench Micq neaflyallied to

that which is now farniliar to Eeglish ears ,( s ham“ l n better) oiat

”siatmammpimmcr in fuller habir li berty.

Jameson .

The word poiat hu sommytraceable to the latin p tmour.such as the poiat of a

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t Powsoudxb—P nkk-meodainb'.

tion in the dayaofWat Tyler,was apersonal tax on the bscd

orpoll .

M is litde wh hxhhmThemillermofmanly rnalre,Tomeet himwas naem ljohc]

There durunot ten cumhimto tahe,

Rana/W’

s Scot: PM .

imm un e

—Bms.

This word occurs in the humorous ballad byFrancis Semple,“ Fy let us a

'

to the bridal,"

which contains an ample list ofall the daintyeatables servedup

And thers’

ll bc fadgesand bn d teu,And fouth o

'

gude gabboclrs o‘

sh u,

—Warsou's Collection , 1706.

- l i t \v Alum” : Tml w w

men," to kiss themouth . Astoq h ts long been current that

a young Englisb nobleman ,

boasted that during his six

weeks’shooting in the north he

that it was imposslhle to pun lehim. The beautiful and cele

brated Duchess of Gordon took

up his cballenge ,and delied himto interpret the sentmce, “come

Freon , apin ; fromthe Gaelicp rise,apin ; primchoa, alittle

phrases have theurnsmeaning,

that ofahuicai,conceited,super»fine persomin hismauneu or

dress, one who afiecte airs of

q ualifleatious for the part

milant." Itwaswith lawnse disgust that heafterwards learnedwhat achance he had lost byhis ignorance.

Y e tellme tbatmy lipaare emt,

Sic tales l doubtarea’ deceit,Atanyrate it

’s hardly rneet ,

—Cuauam’

s SorMSaqp : Bolus:

Png Puhn'

llz .

corruption ofMin us-doom.

loor, I ambeautiful entirely. A

comicand scomful depreciationunderlies both phrases.

Prig, to cheapen, to beat down

word prig, aconceited person,

who thinks he knows better

than otherpeople. TheEnglisb ,“ t0 prig,

”in the sense of com

to have no connection with the

Scottish word.

Men who z rew wise pdaia' ower bops

- Bms : The Brig: q/ Ayr.

Ane o’

the streetauaician crew

He pawns on joek :Foranauld hod o’

ccals halffou,A weehmatched uoloe.

to baggie, and derives it fromthe Flemish pmltgm. to beg ;French brim, barter, fromW e, rechercher avec ardour.

"

Pu'

p—l don ’

t know how this word in

Scotchmeans to cheapen,and in Engliahto steal ; psrhaps there is some eounectionwhieh alrnowledge of thc root frctn wbichit comes would help us to understand.

M, as acoaceitfl pemis purely aconventional uee of the word. Pn

’

g in

Scoteh bn alao the rneaning of eameatlyto entrcat. " lmve i

'

himformirnoran'

hour that be shouldnalcaveme. "

mamapin—or tomnand pm-M apin

’

s head .

l f l wcre there and in thypmfi '

u ,

0h, what wad ye do to tne.

By theu li‘ht o‘

themnne .

W M“: Ym k u.

Prinkling. a slight pricking ; a

pain or pleaanre.

Her wily gh nce l‘

ii ne'

er fomet.The deer, the lovelyblinkin

'

c'

l ,

Bu fi n edme through and throughtube-n .

And phgnesme7 1:0m t sAo

'

oondmpruch for thinking o'

t.

Lm’

:

L ik al h’

uum.

culmto tnunt, to gibe, t,o pro.

vote byaearmtio remark ; asting, n lnnoe . nn nrrow. Fromthe Kymric proo,athmst ; andm,

to thrnst or stab .

Propine, n gift. or the power ot

giving . Also drink -moneyequivalent to the German word

162

broad ; uppiied to the humnnframe. Fromthe Gaelic bun.foundation ; and Munich. to

establish firmly on a broad

Pmficmtheunnecemry flourishwhich people sometimee nflix atthe eud cttheir signaturesmlso.n whim,acaprice ; and. in derid on, the summing up of ajudgment. and the perorationofa. sermon or aspeech The

French par k: queue. by the tailor iin ieh . hue been suggestedas

Family—Quarters .

Pylo. n small quantity ; small asuhnir, or ns n grain . FromtheLatin fl umMnch pm’l .

’

l'

he d eanest oomthat e ’

etmdight

MMW M O'MM

Pyet amgpie ; fromthe Guelicpighcmbird.

l umi umSachatterin'

on the houu heid.

which ol the four pointe of the

of qucrta, the Frenoh quaf-der,

the Quufl umuh r GeneuL isthe Gaelic min , a circle.

“ Paris,”says Beschereile in his

Galloway word. and used in

such phmec ns“ dry n.sapw~

lick." and “as light as apw

lick.

"It iacompounded of the

two Gaelic words M . cow

dGnS fl ndw o admppins- Or

to drop or let fnll : med ian

similar sense to the Englishhorse- drawings .

" applied to

the horse- dung gathered in the

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But te fear, to be afraid, or toguess.

l amrightmd d treuoury.

O anoe ye dnnced upo’

the knovu,

Andamre lismlyms .But in befl -

ying o'

ubee bykel'mn d ye p t s staug.

—a us : Yc h c bma'mag,

Danish med. afraid, whichmeets the sense of the passagein which it is used by Burns.

The sense, however, would beequally well rendered by aderivsticn fromthe Danish ,

Flemish . and Dutchmad, German rotlml. to guess or conjec

ing with the syllables ramandrun, which are synonymous,

Gaelic ramto roarwo bluster.

eut or qume lsome ; N W 3

noisyfrolio, ornn outburst of ill~

populsr in the English W

cumzmw vmhwhmushmsged, come ; "Mucus. old,

h omw d owre themer.

—Bum: Had / £60 8 9 “

W eek. This seems to beucorruptiouol the Gnelicm,

i.a. , to roar inmeuntly, without

But thmwhut wmour fnin tndmm,

Rsttanmottnnmn t. In Flemishthe word in writtenmt or rot.

Emmthe fonewmg quoo

tction , is s familit r nxme {or

Rax—Rhat'm. l

Ru , to reach ; rough , reacheda corruption . or perhaps the

original of themodern EnglishN emmnboon your resch.

The nuld guidmmp tt dovuthe podt.And yemm- Corruption

'

s uedt.Aud gi

'

e her fcr din ectiou.

—Bms : A Dm.

Rumeaspun] 0’

that bubblyJock.

“

Reachme 3 win; of that turkey—Du nmy.

Ream, to froth like beer. or

to cream; fromthe Germanmto froth ; W ye-st ;

Flemish room.Fast bynn iuglg bleuing fiuely.Wi'miu‘ wats that dn nk dlvlnely.

The swmnermeh’in Tnmy’

shoddlc.Fair plny l he w -ed uadeils n hoddle.

M used as an intensitive

preh to aword, is not uncommon in English and Scottishlitmture. M ungeance is a

called the McM or x-

ed

flood.

Rede sdvioemounsel .R edrmemghg quod k euou,No ruth to haveTill lords uud lcdiecLoves alle truthAnt esalle hu-lotrie.

Shortmdc is good n dc.

W M v‘

s SauPrumh .

l uk ye weel—tnk care o' sh ith

See there‘

s n gullic l

Y e numr ight. Imicare rich .

Beware p'

bonnie Anne.

—Buuus.

m au lmrm?er‘

youth , 3 youngman ,afellow.

He’

suuthiug butah ngmd d .

andwasused byChaucer,Gower,and Shakspeare. It is either

fromthe Flemish and Dutch

med, counsel ; theGerman redcn ,

RkkIe—Riml.it acorruption of rtyu ,

“ be~

expressed in uscrt of rhyme.

Is not the true derivation of

the word the Teutonic r- Im,tbe Flemish roost.

’

froth ; to

mmto creum. to froth, to

eflervesce like sodsowshar or

Rickle or ruckle. u looee hmp ;f ickle-r,atermof contempt spplied to a bad architect or

l'mp vov n so thiu: Pmsmith ; but uM o

'

ham—Jm .

The proud Percy caused hsng five of

the ladrd'

s hew hmamv ick b rhmwingan

'

d lc ofhomn .

Awild goos outo'msouis bul un d b

o’bam—w Am .

Rigging . In English thh word

is seldomused except in refer

ropes . he. ln the Scottish lan

M imemplored w dsnifythe reof, cross- beams “ , of a

'

l‘

hil is uomysin houu,

l ken by th c O‘

t :

Shawldxmy lou l‘

ve chnagdml diuualilte the bigging (building) o

'

t.

There by t‘

he inglo-ehetk

Aud hn rd the ruth sD n ttcus equn kAman da“ .

’

l‘be werd is derired fromthe

in the n’

gging of aship or of a

Rind orrbynd homrfiufl ucormption oi themh fimor

aridge. top, or back ; whencethe ridgeat thewp ot the house,the reof. The riggiug tree is theroof tree. Tho r

-(win d s w

sel is in likemanner the roof,m'ridge ofashipms disfinguishedfrcmthe hull. Bo the oolloquialtoaccoutre, to sdorn, t0 put thefinishing touch to one

’

s attire,comes fromthe same ideaof

R igwoodiemld . lun,witbered.

wuss -eman ated ,

- v : Tarn d’M .

RM O ld. in n, withered.

"

Mr. M Chairmen says itmeans“ worthy of the gab um. “ Name d

thesemmho is cem R ig-“ c h

theme d the chab ermpewhich pumm the n ddle to snppat the shnfls of

acart orother oonveym—whl t nnlith iumwould all thc baclt hand.my likelymundafl ymde of tv ifl edvoodies or n q i or willoww ,mit

is gmllymde of twkted dn in and of

iron. Bynmy evidentmtononry Burnsapplied the twisted wrinkled aspen -nee

ot n t o the-e old wrh kld hm

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l Rivet—Room.” fi

'u d l h—h

h aw ”1w a rm -amua w u fi fi ow m'mlm- n- s uin srb - h -u cf m a fi h w ;

” fl a w - d d s “

M emi ne the - c oti n fl a te- w s y n - h r,

the ww d to the baries of the

He‘

smnu c’afi till hc

M nM d W fl aW e

’

fim m

Row. 1

posed, by ex teusicn ofmeaning,

to drink ahealth to the personpn ised ;also.anydrinklng-bcutcr carousal. The etymology ofmin the sense of to praise,ss nsed in Scotland, isunknown .

Roux , in the sense ofadxinkingbomhu been held by some tobe acorruption ofmummdby others, of the German ex

clamation, Maul ! signifyingempty the cup or glass,

"

drink it l

Rmthc fordaaye find it.Rmthe fair dayat a

’

eu.- At.u\uRamsay’

s San PM .

To rmye upand u’

ye guid,

li e rm‘

dmyc‘

enmbonnie blue,

—Bum Yew / och ) .

And other some their ladies fair.- Mornn wm'

s d udau”fuch sia.

In all the above quotationsthemean ing ofmax is clearlyto praise or extol . But the

English muse has not that

No joeund health that Deuw lt drinhtoday,

But the great caunon to the clouds shalltell.

And the llingsmm, ths heavens shall

l han toolt since wpperanmcr two

l t is thus clear that the Scottish rooseaud the Bnglisb roan

Germanmsek and the Dutch

wicked, and detestable behaviour of all

B e deflneamx y in this passage tomeaudirty, but, in view

of the Danish, Dutch . andFlemish dmimtimait ought tobe tn nslated drmtben.

Rhw , to enmp, to entwine, to

river ; fromtheGaeliomm(o-ui ).

intox ication ; mfg, in these

languages,means nearly drunk ,

or, as the French phrase it,“antmdeux vins," or, as theEnglish slangexpresses it,

“ halfseas over.

’

In Swedish , rut

drunkenness,und ress, intox icating liquor. Nares rightly susopooted that the English rouse

was of Danish origin . The

signifies the king takes his

drink andall the otberinstances

quoted byNaresare susceptibleofthe same interpretation. Naresquotes fromHerman’

s“ Carat

for fkmmon Cursitors, 1567 :

l thought ltmy bounden duty to w

170

Hapandmhl p andm,

liap andmthe feetie o‘

t.

l t isawee bit eerie thing.l downabide the greetie oi .

t re Can runs n nms‘ to the su.

Rommthemountainash ; atreethat grcws iugreat psrtectiouin the Highlands of Scotlsnd,

red berries, reads, the Gaelicfor red. This treaoratwig ofit, is supposed, in the superatition of Scotland, to be acharmagainst witchcraft. Hence. ithas been supposed, but with

out sufi cimt authority, thatthephrase,"Arointthee,wiin Shakspeare, is amisprint for“a rowan - true, witch ! ” The

vious to Shakspeare.

O r fitful ruse o'

er Atholc woods.Au

’ahook the berries fi-ae the rmu .

Rowh to bellowor low like cattle

it “snore. The rabblem.

i. s. , the roaring rabble, the

s

’

I'

hs kys stood n vtfaiatbe lcan.

- Ew az

Nasaair thou'lt n wmo’erthe dak .

Beaure thy pnm‘

s sesnty.

W zmm

Rowan—Rawhi .

And the lting, whcn hc had Whimselfon dse n ddh p tha‘ dhis heath,and cried to domeme harm; “

for,"

he,“ he isaae o‘

our NorlandstorsJbythemlco

'

him, ’ and theyalaughed

The t withM o'

hannoeh

Amaauw ie and aclose fimJu rasou.

l t’s ye hmwooersmouyam,

An‘

h de p h h tm ye ken,Then wah amand cnnnicwale,A W M aW M

Godmnt your ladship joyand healih,

M . plenty, abundance ; a

elL Scottish row. It is expres

sive of the same idmas iutheEnglish phrase, applied to arichman ,

“ He rolls in wealth.

”

A peculiarly Scottish word

which never seems to have beenEnglish. It has bemsuggestedthat it is derived fromtheGaelicmother, asudden rush, onset,or inpouring ; whence meta.

phorically,asudden or violent

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t72 RummsL—Rygo banr.

its crigin. It has been derivedfromthe functimof achiefcoch w bemn ter ormistressin the kitchen ,and as such, to“rule the roosting.

"It hasalso

been derived frcmthemasteryof the cock among the hens , nsroost er sleep. In the Scottish

roof of acottagacompmed cf

spars or beams reaching fromone wall to

'

the other ; the

highest interior part of the

building. Hence , to rule the

most, or roost, or to rule the

house, to be themaster.

Rommel, tomake a confusedsound ; frcmmblc.

Y our crackjaw wcrdaof halfan ell,

s'

A fi sh'

.

Rump, to break ;mp“, broken ;

or in English slang“ to be

cleaned out,”or ex hausted of

Perhaps , says Jamieson , in

allusion toan animal whose tailhas been cut ofl near the nmp ! ”

perhaps of the non -erudite

author,and is to be found in theFrenchmmw M aud

Rumple - baue, the lowest bone of

the spine.

Ax tmnh bc eot l aflincm.

ceased to sprout.

the step of aladder ; any thickstrong piece of wood thatmaybe wielded in the hand as aweapon. Fromthe Gaelic roag,which has the samemeaning.

Themodern lrish callabludgeonaem; also aGaelic wordfor sdlaehawillowmnd dcitkAuld Scodand hasan ude tcngne,She

's justadccvii v i'aw .

- Buass.

Runk , to whisper secret alanders,alsoatermof 0pprohriumapplied to an old woman, agossip, or a canal -meager.Frot Gad icM Mmysterious, alma confldant ;mascaeh amystery ; andby ex tension of the originalmeaning, a scandal repeatedunder the pretence of asecret

Rust, adeprecatory or contemptuous name foran oid woman ;fromthe German riad,and theFlemish rand , “ ox , or acow

that calves no longer ; also, thehard stalk of kail or cabbage

Sax'

klcss—Sak. I

the Teutonic n ot , the cause ;whenoeucldm, cranium. with

out cause.“ Oh b this vaterdup fl w n id,

“Mh h vondmdimO r k it dcaaaw

’

klmmid.Andalul tmc knichtmyswim?”

lan ofl’

yoar donking on tbe day.And donk npon the night,

Sain, to bleee, t0 preeerve in

happinm; fi omthe 0mmmto bless. and «gm, abenediction ; Flemish anymall probably tromthe h tin

Sd nmn el fiac thc deii and thc h ird’

s

Mane ; naed both in afavonr

He got hismapplied toadmbbing or beating ; in the

honiofl eeneahe got wongh of

it. or.as Jamieson phtaeee it inEnglish,

“ be get hie bellyinliof it.

“A couuption ofm.

or rigbq an arm; ruigh (theEnglish n

’

dgcfl e the exteneion

of amonntain, or of aeeriee

of hills forming. ae it were.the spine or bnckbone ot the

oreerve the purpoee—therefiore.

Von oonldnalook ymtd riuat hcr face,

U ke b n o'

healthmmt o‘masten .

—Bum:mmocp .

l t‘

sauir dnng bnhn tbatmnnnn gmt.M anamv

'smm .

- l la~.

Saltyor n it . very. or verygreatfromthe German achf . as inMr who», «hr gut. very fair,very good ; aometimeaneed in

Buglieh in the formofm; as,“sore distressed.

” verymuch

174 Scmds'e—Sanskoglz .The root oi all themworda Sandie, 8anders. 8awney. 5anappms to be eithertbe German

sach abag tocarryheavyuticles.The ideaof weight,as appliedto guilt and blameworthiness.is obvious. as in the lane quotedby Jamieson , Mary was owl'

lca o'breaking her vow.

"i. e. ,

she was not burd ened with the

guilt of breaking her vow. Ama’Ha: pereon . or an imbecile.in likemanner. is one who is

not weighted with intellect.

middle. Italso signifles to bendor give way under pressure of

The hw t l beuShall neverw with doubt or shi lne with

It ie observable. “ i t! Dr.

Johnson .

“ that me): (in the

sense of a bag for carryingweight) is to be found in alllanguages, and is thereforeoonoeived to be anwdilnvian.

"

by Jamieson. and defined assignifying “much exhausted.and especially descriptive of

bodily debility. is traoeable tothe same root. andmight bebyweaknees orinfirmiby. There

is . however. in apite oi thesemmmw be sd d in

neck . abbreviations oi the is

ofAlen nder ; £romthe last twomealyabbreviate the first W e

syllablee into Ahab. In the daysimmediatelyafter theaooessionof James VI. to the English

deflnes this word asmesn ingsaucy, disdainful . and citep“ ‘ He

's amumcallm. or

clxieh‘

isaphn semeed in Abmthinks it is dmivable tromthe

L. to the time of George III .

and the Bute Administration.when Scotsman were exceedingly unpopular,and when Dr.

Samuel Johnson—the greatScoto - phobist. the son of aSootch booh eller st Lichfleld

thought it prudmt to disguisehis origin ,and overdid his pru-

l

deuce bymaligning his father’scountrymen. it was customaryto designate aScotsman as aBan g . Tbe vuigar epithet.

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176

Suh the hnemwoollen . silken.

or cotton garment womnext

ashirt or shift ; the French

Wed awell provided with

Thc h st fl allowc‘

en l wasmhen .

Mydmkit n d -deen as ye heu.

Till ilh cariian ut sndmkit.And ccost hcr duddies to thcmk,Aad liuhitat it in btrami lTamtiat his reasoo a' thegither,And in an instama‘ was dark.

- Sosns :mam .

Bdngasited wbatmthe dwcmce he

surplices. aad Episcopulians. who do. anold ladyrep lied.

"wax, ” “ thembyta-isnmiuistcr wears hisunbunder hiscoauthe Bpisccpalisn weu-s kirms

The phrsse."mat-clam, is

used to siguiiy nude. with theexception oi the shirt ; and “a

liar to Scotlsnd and the Northof England. is uncertain. Ai

tempts have beenmade to trsceit tromthe Swedish . the Ice

Sark—Smfimj l“une camisolaune chemisette.

31m. awillow ; the French

The glancia‘

wsmo‘

Clyde

—Plamm:M - vIIM

San l i e. a hired mourner. amutaorundertaher’sman . The

ployed to exmeu themook or

feigned sorrowassumed in the

Saun to flavour ;M in imd.tasteless ; supposed to beacorruption of savour. The Frenchforared herring ismm; andmm. ormum. is to devourwith salt.

Sufi -rail. rubbish . refuse.

lf youand l wereat theWiihaspoca's

and to be derived tromthe Gaeo

licmil .mockery. satire . deri

dou;mhladh . anapparition . a

ghost. has also been suggested

as the origin oi theword. The

derivation of Jamieson frommlu regimu is sw 'celywcrthy

Seag Scamoch. l

b ounced saw) . dross . dirt. rubb iflh ; Md To“ (raj ), coarse :

Sug . to shrivel iuthe heut. orbyexposurc to theweather. to split.to crack in the heat ; atermspplied in the dshing villsges of

Scotland to fish . dried or fresh .

Amaggit haddie is s haddockspoiled bylong expcsure . Jamieson hesitates between the Ice

landic shacks. inquest ; and theGaelicmag. as the derivation ofthisword. Sgag. in Gaelic. siguities to shrivel up. to crack . to

putrid by lons keepinsswm.Seance . stance. To reflect uponaperson’

s character or conductby charge or insinuation ; tocensure. to taunt indirectly ; toglanceat asubject cursorily inconversation ; also, atransientlook atanything. These words

are not used in English . thoughman , a recognised English

word , appears to be fromthesame root. The ordinary de

rivetion ofwhomis either fromthe Italian ”M0000, athwart. or

Still gentler sister woman ;To step aside is hnman.

- Bum: 4 44mm»: UmGu'

d.

To was averse. to examine orscrutinise whether it containsthe proper number of feet or

syllables. or is otherwise correct .may possibly be an oil shoot of

the same idea; though all thefromthe Italian mndio. to

climb .

Smooch. Ammoelao’

wovd:

signifies amultitude oi words ,

garrulous Members of Par- lin»meat. whouse them,as Solomon

s ing, ormansion oi the syllab lesor feet in averse.

Perhaps the Gaelic sgatlt. ashadow.areflectimin the wateror in agmmuan hgc-MLamirror. and :gcthamieh, tc lookin agisse.may supply the root

oi the Scottish . “ not the Englishwords . Tri ed bythese tests.

seammight signify to cast ashadow orareflection upon one .

to take arapid glance as of

one's seli inaglass ; snd tomn ,

to examine . to scrutinise. " to

hold themirror up to nature .

"

as Shah pesre has it. In these

senses. the wordmightmoreeasily be derivable fromthe

Gaelic. which does not implyobliquity. than fromthe Flemishand Dutch . of which ob liquityis the loading. it not the sole

idea. as in the Englishmm

378 Scan—Sellers.

said in old times . “ to darkencounsel .

" and as awise andcynicalman oi more moderndays—the iste PrinceTalleyr-snd—ssid with equal appropriateness.

“‘

pourdeguiser lapensée"

(to disguise their thoughts).

w also signifies atumuling of acrowd . and :ecroebin .

thus words fromthe Swedishshare , acrowd . acohort. butthe true root is theGaelic sgoio-s .to howlas dogs. wolves. or otheranimals .andnew . howling.

Scart. ascratch ;mrt-fiu. with

out ascratch or in jury. Sam-tis also aname given, inmostparts of Scotland. to the rape»cious sea-bird . the cormorant.Sear-t. to scratch. is a softerrenderingoi the harsherEnglishword ;and seofl ,acormorant. isacorruption of theGaelic syorM,which hss the samemeaning.

They that bourd wi‘

catsmy oount upon“Tomi thc huttcm,” or dl'sw one

's

hand dowathe hrust ci another, so ns

in Engh nd, signifies the towncn the clifforrock ;M un .

or thograt rock o e romweir andm, is the name of

the famous lighthouse on the

W ate rwks in the m

the Gaelicmeir. n rock in themu d -gon asteepmountain

Y e thst sail the stofl ny seasOf the dimnt l i ehrides.

Beware the witch cl’Sb r-

n'

awr.

—q wb q/Mr lda.

Whm'

er ye come hy cn sk ormr,

Y e hring hright huuty.

is derivnble fwmthe fieel iom(Mack) . umwtt riedmendMy. dull. W or

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I Bough—Scoot.the two hands conjoined. filledwith mud. When the initial0 was either omitted fromor

joined to the root-word. is not

discoverable.

Scogie or scogie- lass. akitchendrudge. amaid -of-all -work, a“slavey; " one unskilled in all

but the commonestand coarsestwork . Fromthe Gaelic syog. afool. a dolt. one who knows

Scoil . shriek ; akin to theEnglish

Thai plungedand gart the water boil.—9Vckn o’A r-aha'.'

l‘

ill eeho for tenmilesaroundDid to the horridml'l resoand.

Scold or skald. Fingal and theother warriors whose deeds are

out of shells (scallop shells ) .doubtless the first natural oh

isote that in the earliest ageswere employed tor the purpose .

fymg w ds nk ahmnh evi

shell or a cup ; the Danish

mills. the Flemish and Dutchwh ipand collect. the Norseabut.theGreekM e

. theLatin oul i‘

z .

a shell or cup. Possibly the

warriors drank their wine or

mmd out of the slmus of theirbutde arose iromumodernmls

conception oi themesning of sksithe skull or cranium. or shell otthe brain . 8M is used hy theold Sw ttish poet. Douglas. £oragoblet or large bowl .

Tomsuor sall, to drinlr healths, todriuk ns atoast ; M an di -inur e!

healths ; sM asalutatiouof one who is

presentmr ol the respect paid toan ahseotpermby expre- ingawish for his healthwhen oue isahout to drink ir.

Outhee auld Scodand ehaws hercood.

—Bo lms z w mSconfice. discomiit. beaten . led

StaplersM ) . the nsme of ooe ol

Fingers drinking cum- Man s on axeDawu z ctssac b krr’uuy.

The customoi’ drinking out of shells isof p en t antiquily. “ mmy commonamong the ancient Gael. Hence the ex»

pression so oftenmetwith in the F’mgalianpoets.

“the hall ei gh th .

“ “the chid e!

was." “the red / and the song.

”h e

“ Eq shell is still used in drinkhig stmgliquors at the tables of those gentlemenwhomdesirousmpresefl e the ussgu of

theiranceston - Amn omc'

scsd ft b b

Scout’

s beak - Screed. 1

the Gaelicma. to wander.

Thew ish scout. apeuon emplayed by an army to reconnoiue by travelling orwandering to and fro. so as to observe

themotions of the enemy. isobviouslyfromthe same root.

Scottis hed.

“ This phrase, mysdeen Register. but it is not easy

ing to it. May it notmesn aship

'

s bed orahammock fl romM asmall skifl l

Scouk . to sneak . to loiter idly or

furtively either acorruptionof the EnglishM . or aderivation with an alliedmeaning

Scouth or stealth. elbow - room.space . scope. roomfor the armin wielding aweapon so as tocut oil an enemy oran obstruction atablow ; fromthe Gaelicsgud. to lop, to cut ofl ; aperiodic.aot of cutting down byasuddenblow .

An'

he get x n fl to wield his tree.l fearyou

'

ll hoth he paid.

W al ked- Hood.

By bnak oi day heelm.

That hemy smfi to a’

hismornioglcn

’aend)—Auas Rausxv : Pamm-I oam

Forwhat? to gie theirmalicemaO n wmmwirht.

Tomin straight.

Screed a lengthy discourse or

defined in anote to apmge

in the “ Nocte s Ambrosiana"

asa“ liberalallowance of anything.

"

Scout); and south is aproverbial phrase for clbow~roomandabundance.That’saguod gang ior your hamhe'll

have raaaand n atk —Jamason .

Scowl'. ablustering. low scoun

drel. Dutch and Flemish schqfl.

Explained in Dutchand Frenchdictionariesas “

name's. sequin,mad.

“i s . alow scoundrel . a

rogue. an impudent blackguard .

He‘

s seething but aW : Danish

afalse"curiae—Jameson.

Scrauor skran. odds and ends

or scraps of estables . broken

to iood or daily bread.

SM isaphs-ass assd hy sehool

at the pmryeuok’a—Jmiascu.Scan -puck . abeggar

's wallet to

hold scraps of food. The word

some is derived fromthe GaelicsyruLHpronounced sym). to peel .to para. to take of! the rind or

skin . and W hoa(W e ) . alittle peeling orparing. In thesense of iood . the word occursin the Irish objurgation.

“ Badmn to ye l"

182 Smik o’ Day—Scruggs," and Rufam.Amoundemned to death for upeandmusdu u lnmumrequested thatthe edhor ot tt o- ricr n iz ht be pc A. ) do" uminedmmhimthe nitht bmm “mmmwmmm

The hooniest chield’

isaid .

“O h.Mr. Can -

others. whatamd

you’

ll he printin'

inmflmmwme ! “—M.

Screik (or sex-sigh) 0

’

day. the

earlydawn . the first flush of the

the radical word is creek ; fromthe Teutonic Mischa. aurorarutilans. " Ithas been suggestedthat set-rich. or shriek . of day.means the shrill cryof the cockat earlymormbut it ismoreprobable that the phrase is fromthe Flemish brick s van den

dog. which the French translatel’aabs do joer . ram-ore. the dawn

Scrieve . to roll ormove or glide

easily ; fromthe Gaelic syn‘

ob.

to scrape. to draw aline or afurrow . to go onan excursion or

two words occur as a of

chorus in asongattributed . butjourney.

on doubtfulauthority. to RobertThe wheels o

'

life p e down -hill serfasin

’

. Burns, It, in wholly unworthy—Bms : W M .

0! his genius . and WS i . M W ; M y.

he had anything at all to do

Down iloved her rohe. atartan sheeu.Till halfaleg was scn

’

atfb seen.

And euch aleg lmy hoaaie jeanW W W “, quainwd withGaeliq though he

Scrog . a stunted bush . tun e

wood. covered with stunted

bushes or iume like the Soottishmountains ; fromthe Gaelicm smnted timherorunder

SirWalter Scott. when in hislast illness in Italy. was takentoawild scene on themountainsthat border the Lago di Garda.

He had long been apathetic.

rounding objects ; but his tading eyes dashed with unwantedfire at the sight of the tun e

him0! homeand Scotlsnd. andhe suddenly exclaimed. in the

words oi the Jacobite balladU p the ssww mountaia.And down the saw glen .

We dareMN Bahunting.Por Chariie and hismen .

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nuncistion of the vm'd—“We

hove mu the snake. not

killed it ”- snd to the ides thatthe word hu something to dowith Scotland, and with the

habits of the Scottish peopie .

mus, is the Gnelie ior to b1-uise.to beat ;M , ths act of

is still used in the ncrthern

counties oi knglmd.

Sea-mew. the see-gull. or sewmew ; the besntifnl white birdot the ocean.

Keep yocr nioM-guuw k ed yout uin

The whitemmew. and not

the whiw dovqmconsidered

by the Druids the bird thatNoah let fly fromthe ark on

Themme of pigmsometimesgiven to the dove . signifies in

Gaelic the bird of security ;trompiglw. bird, and diou (di

pronounced ji ), security. pro

tection . The coincidence is

curious.

Seilc. happiness : tromthe GerM lmfi al h aphmiom.

M M c u ofimpemn to whOQ it k l dM —Dlmlkw “ .

by 8irWslter 8cott, in the notes

to“ Thomss the Rhymer.

”The

woed is of theume originas the

suddle, tbe sest ofs rida. This

c ottiahmd though obso

lescent in the Elizabetln n em.

Shskspenre nses it in fl oebabVaulting ambition that c‘erlanM

fect, as 8hakspes .re meentbe resd~

And fulls oo thc otherddci

Shacklebaue—Shangxk-mou’

d. 1

of the sell or saddle. and lightupon the grcund which is the

Shacklebane. the wrist ; awordapparently first applied to aprisoner who was handcufled,ormmcled.

wrong side of the Tweed—iathe shadow - half. Land with asouthern exposure is called the

S hagh l e. sometimes written

shawls. to walk clumsily. to

shufliealong, to dmg or shacklethe feet as if they were painfully constrained by the shoes

to distort fromthe originalshape, to wear out.

Had ye eic ashoc on flkafwg it wad

—Bviw s : LastMaya8mmWm.

& Ax klal ismetaphoricallyapplied toa

pared to apair ol sbou that have heenumn afidg as being so put ouz ofl hapeas to hs uniit to be worn any longer.—Jamason.

have found w hich) . dried up,worn out. without substance.

moo-Habailifl overseen steward.

or superintendent ; and ageing.aservant cr workman . whencemamhok one in charge ofworkmen or servants.

Sh amavulgar termforahastyluncheon or

“snack,

" and for

what Scottish children call a“pwce ;

"M ic, thin .meagre.AM o

'hreadand chaete . abite heo

tweenmeals. in loch ndicM acrust,

Shairnie- faced. a contemptuousepithetapplied to aperson withavery dirty face ; fromchem,

or slain . dung.more especiallycow-dung . sometimes called inEnglish cow - shad. aword . in

all probability. fromthe samesource.

Shaik . aservant, aworkman . afarm- servant ; fromthe GaelicWag. corrupted in Americainto cesium. and used as atermof opprobrium. The word

enters into the components of

the French n ominal. and the

The root is probably the Gaelicteeny (Mug). lean . hungrythence. byex tension ofmeaning.apiece taken to satisi‘y hunger.

Shangieomou'd. hare- lipped . or

with acleftmonth ; fromshe nm. acleit stick, or anythingclett or divided.

I Shank—M me

The word kabubet in this deo

risory lineappears to bealormof Miss. agiddy. thoughtless

Shmh the leg. This nonn is

sometimes used as averh in

Scotland.and siguiiies todepart .to send away. to dismiss. To

M aperson is to send himgin himtheuck fl oakask one

'

s

self away is to leave withoutceremony. The English phrase.to go on shaak’

s oratcnks'

sm.

i .e. , to walk. is rendered in

suggests that the English . to

travel by the W M stage.mare .may be derived fromtheparish of Marylebone. in London. The etymolog of dankis the Gaelicmay (about) . lean .

slender, like the tibia. or bone

Shamach . or shannagh. awordexplained by Jamieson iu the

phrase.“ 'It

'

s ill shmmogh inis ill on your part, or it is

ungracious in you to do so.

"

In Gaelic massed; sig nifieswily, cunn ing. sagacious . whichis cleuly the root ot slwmoph.so that the phrase cited byJamieson signifles it is notwise .

cr it is ill wisdomon your partto do so.

Shargar. sharg . alean .muggy.

Gaelic ssafy. apunyman or

ness or oldage ; also. towither,to iadeaway. to dwindle or dry

Shmow . sharp. sour or bitter

to the taste . Flemish seh rp.

French cesrbc, Gaelic secrbA,

bitter ; secf bhad. bitterness ;

Shathmont ameasure, ot whichbut which is evidentlymall.As l vas walking allalaneAween the n terand the n ‘

.

Thml spiodammiaaa.Them'

est nan th t e'er l saw.B is k gmsamaw laag.

to a httle weasened. under

grvwmmd, at the same time.petulant andmischievous child.

Fromthe Gaelic seorg (s pro

nounced as sh). a withaed.insignificant person or animal.one shrivelled or dried upwith age . sick ness. or infirmity ; scouts . withered . dried up.

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188

Gloomywinter’s nowawa.Salt the westlin blesses blew ;

'

n the birlrs o‘

StaaleyM .

Themavis sings fu’

cheery. oh .

There's naeaboouie flowa that springs

There‘

s nae ahonnie bird thatainca,Butmindsme o'my j eau.

—Bom: the A im.

Shear. The primarymeaning of

theor is to cut or clip . In this

sense it is used by English

of cutting or clipping the fleeceof sheep. In Scotland it isusedin the sense of reaping or cutting the corn in harvest. On

the ocoasion of the first visit of

Queen Victoriaand the PrinceConsort to the Highlands of

Scotland. it was duly stated inthe Court Git-color that Her

Majestyvisited the shesmmndtook much interest in their

labours. In the followingweek .anewly- startedpictorial journal.in opposition to the [ RammedLondon New . published awood

the Prince .and severalmembersof the Oourt inattendance. wererepresentedas looking cnat the

artist ignorant alike of the

seasons of agricultural operations and of the difl

'

erence be

tween the Scottish and Englishidioms . and who had no doubt.

fully convinced. when his fraud

Shear— Skill .

of the poetic adage. that“ a

little lmowledge is adangerousthing ;

" and thatM aud

At fairs orat preaching.

a furrow orSheuch. a drain .

trench.

I saw the hattle sairand teoch.And reeitin

‘

red ranmonyad ud .

—a is : TMBattle g/ SMW .

Shiel or shlelin. ahut. ashed. or

small cottage on themoor or

mountain for the shelter of

cattle or sportsmen gderived byshale . acottage . probably acorruption of slu

‘

dd . or chisld

ing. aplsce where onemay beskidded or sheltered fromthe

quarters.

No : I shafl ne‘

er rweng Duncan.And ahannae'er be sorry :

To be wi’

thee in ifieland sfl clls worth the lands o‘

CastleearyJ- W J LM MWL

Themilramong the dover hm

Shi‘

lpit—Shot.

Scottish sh’

ri. which they oall Shoohashovel .

tonicm. and the Dutch

The night’s haithmirlrand rainy. O .

- Bms : A!) Nannie. 0.

Shilpit. insipid, tasteless. dull .stale. flat ; applied to liquorand

phorically to signify that theyare spiritless. timid. cowardly.and of noaccount.A WM (soi l/ it) wretch. a heart

stripped ofmaulinesa- Jamz sos .

the claret W e. and demanded brandywith p eatmciferatim- Scorr : WmIt} .

Accordiug toJamieson . shilpit

is used to designate ears of cornthat are not well tilled . l ie

derives it fromthe German”up . signifying a real, 8

bulrush . which is possibly the

word that he referred to. But

neither ”help. which Jamieson

If hooes t naturemade youfools.What sain yourgramman f

Y e’

d better ta'en up spadeaand rkuls

—Buw l : ToW alk.

impedirusnh or impertectioo ;mtuir signilles au idlalasy.

Show . the old plural of shoe.

still used in Scotland. thoughalmcet obsolete in England.

l fever thoup ve hcsen or rm.

Evety nightan awle.Sit thee down nnd pn c themon .And Christ receive thy saule.

-d

W a»R eformation .mudin Amman “

s”macaw.

Short. to divert. to amuse. to

shorten the time by agreeableconversation ; char-h ome, diverting. as opposed to human e, orImmun e, tedious . wenriaome .

In English . chart is oftenapplied

Shot. abate . n puny or imperfectyoung animal . especially apigor lamb . The Americans . whohaveacquiredmanywords fromthe Scottish and Irish immigrants . have alto“. a weaklylittle pig. and apply the wordmetaphoricallytoman orwomanas an epithet of contempt or

derision. It is derived tromtheGaelicmt (pronouncedM , or

Me). astuntedanimal. 5 short

taiLn tail that has beeudocbed Q

.

1 ShouM—Sinmer Cook .

a drone ; amic». agood - for-nothing.

apo c . hls ptincipd husin- s hein¢to pick up chipo nnd feed (ho pin

“High

landers lM WM lle - I"

themottc of oome of the High

land regiments in the British

When the cloud h yuiucheeh to the dood.And the sen h yuiturh olh r to thc chore.

“maturing.

Sib . related. oi kin by hlood or

marriage. Hence tt uglish

gouip. tromyed -rib. related bybaptismal union . Fromthe

Germn rippc. which ba the

samemeaning ; and w .

He t o Arthnrd Bret-tne.

—l ucu .

Hemno t‘

niry homcrdt to elves.amaammmz fl .

A'w mno rib to them.

l t’c good to he dt to cillc .

Though hothmw in thevoods together.M enommlic uch lihe.or luch c . as an ndjective ; ciclik e fimmmch atimc ;mtib¢n h nhiemin ruch awuy or

fuhion ; gmen lly used in theme of lncppmtmmpmper.unseemly.

Whu the deil hrh p the h bd here

Mn’

c fih n time'- mw 1m

- Jmu 8ammx z 0mk km

aeonrity ; to rieb r. tomnlrem

neemto pace their hrief life ln

or satay—the motto of the

ancient Scottish family, the

EarlaofMorton. meme

anothermotto of historic origin

in Scotland.

Toddlin’

down onwnlie'

e

flSettingmysufl wi'n ‘my

Sicb uired, haun ted by replation sefl ed with lood to em.

nnd tc connequemt aiokneu end

loathing.

Simmer (or summer) couts. thegnataormidgecwhich live fior

one summer dny. bornmnoon

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19 2 Skeen’

s—Skew’

s- h’mmer.

Andaabaly wcrannmshe.

boy'

I‘

hat loolrs sae sad on thee i "

Where will I getaab rb siripper

To n il this ship o'mine l

Sheerie . easily scared or fright»ened. timid. shy ; frommrc.

Sheihtmand blellum. These

wordsare directed against’

l‘am

o’

Shanter byhis wife in Burns’

She uuld thee weel thouwastask lln .

A blethcrin‘

. blasterin‘

. drunken Nelle“ .

Theyare explained in the glos

sariesas signifying the first. aworthless fellow the second.

an idle . talkative fellow.

"

Si cil ian was used by English

tury, among others by Taylor.the water- poet.and byPepys inhis diary. It is traceable to theGerman. Dutch. and Flemishuhdn . arogue. arascal . abad

opinion . a coarse blackguard

B lane-s in uso iromthe Gaelic .

herent. confused in speech

ances ofadrunkenman.

Sh lmw smwh to administer ablowwith the palmci the haud ;to that? the doup (breech ). esused to be thc common fashionoi Scottiz hmothm.

l‘mmema’pleamit can gie.

E‘

en toaddl .

And hearus st al l—Bum: Addmr b ad z

This word.atwhich the Eng

with the palmof the hand in aquick rnccession oi blows. ap

Awa’ wi’Willic Chalmeq .

Three hid eg eartyatme read.

b omthe Guhc syulbh to dashintc small pisces. in gments. orsplinters ; and tc have been apo

plied afterwards. by ertcmnonofmeaning. to the s tutmight be suQ eient tc break anyrpcmk is to strike with the open

hmdmd the ScottishM amatch. signifies asplinter of

wood . in which themine ex tension oimeaninn omthe hlowto the possible results of the

blow. is apparent. M ainemeans towalk or run atammpace . and the slang Englishphrase .

“ A pair of speakingtits

"

(apair of fast- h otW or

galloping horses). shows the

Sk inhe ads—S ki“. I

I damye n-

y sic sportin‘

.

Stone- oak . adagger. dirk ; fromthe Gaelic spins . aknife . conoealed in the “Hair. under the

anythingcarriedunderthearmfromwhence the verbMAM A.

to cherish. to fold to the bosom.or encircle with thearm.Her ain sell.

“

said Callum. couldwait i

’

or her awee bit {n o the toun . andkink her quarters wi’ his si res-ark .

”

“Sb nwmls l what's that?" Calhnn un

buttoned his coat . raiaed hh lefl amand.oiasnmll dirir.mugiydepositcdunder thewing of his jachet.

Skimavituperative tcrmappliedto apersomwhomit is wishedto disparage or revile.

“ Ye‘

re

naething but a nasty skin.

"

Jamieson suggests that this

word is afigurative use of the

English skin . as denotingahut .

It ismore likely to be acorruption of the Gaelic sgona.ablookhead ,adolt. arude clown . an

a dunce ; fromwhence agosa

signifies vile. worthless . bad ;whence the l lnglishmwutrdfromage», and dealt, orM .

Skincheon o' ddnh adrop ci

drink. adram; apouring out

oi liquor. M mis amiso

print for sbfiakis‘

.

out the liquor for the guests . a

and Germanmm. to pour

out. This word is old English

as well as Scotch. and was usedbyShakspeare . Ben Jonson .andtheir contemporaries . Shish ia

plied to scnp or broth when not

oi the accustomed flavour or

consistency. imparted by vege

table ingredients , such as har'Icy, peas, &c.

Sweet N ed l give thee this pennyworthof sugar. clapt even now intomy hand by

Such wine as Gannymede dott nb to

Y e powers whamakmanhind yoerw e.

And dish themout their bill o' fare ;That jaups 3 1min .

But if ye wish hermteful prayer.Gic herahan is.

—Buans : 7 b 3 Hear}.

wan—StaWann aScorr .

Inmany of the editions of

Burns which have been printed

word skiuk. have perverted it inthe “ Lines to aHaggis .

"

into

Auld Scotland wants nae rristiw wares.4 0m“ Wont: g/ Roux

'

r Buses.

docs : MM b b ’ Cm. 3868.

These editions. emMrJames M‘Kie of Kilmarncckin his Bibliography of Robert

Burns.“are known tc collectors

as the rtinkiug editions.“

N

Skipper—SM .

Skipper. the captain ofashimt

properlyany sailor ; ” man .

ashipman . This word le fastW mhomapromh esto supemde captain as the deoantilemarine. Shipper

- iatromthe Danishm. the German.M M wl i s

‘

I'

hs ldsgmin m.

Drinkimthew v im;0hW '

h I N aM yWm,

Tamil this ship o’m- SraPan to : 8mm.

sculptor. Patric Park, that, on

ei th er-immun e

annoyed by the rudm of the

pmhi, '

flfi d R in la”

gnagemore forcible than polite.e captain . annoyed in his

turn . inquired shady— Do

you h ow.m. that I'mthe

capmin of the boat?" “ captain hahamd l "mid the irateman oi gw ius. m’

re onlythe

def - aficf spendiug some timeat Florence.

it. by asking withmuch M “Eh .

Wi‘ hitter sneer.

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19 6 Skybald—Slanly.

of two colours.markedas cowsBoth atybald and p icks“. aswell as the English atewbald .

have theirmigin in the Gaelic.

plumage ismarked withawhitestreak ; bald is derived fromtheGaelic ball . amark or spot ;whence skybald is shade-marked .

and pistols! ismarked like ab ird. Jamieson mys that. inScotland sl-yM sign ifies a

person and that it is also ap»

plied to aman in rags andtatters. Possiblythismetaphorical use of the word arises froma person are often of variouscolours. Locke. the celebrated

bald in asimilar sense.“apie

bald livery of ccarse patchea”

In Yorkshire. according to

Wright'

s Provincial Dictionary.M d signifies parti~coloured.

is appareutly iromthe

seems to be the root of this

lish scud .fastmotion. or theGaelic synd. to out. acuttirg wind .

Wbmhaihtaaes drin v i'

bimrm

plied in oontempt to anymeanperson . Amarain isasud»den and violent shower ; 31

-

yearia d rh asyringmso oalled

properly,ma and sky“ (seeDuran , cam—is acolloquialphrase very often employed bypeOple who arem e et the

groomese of its originalmeaning,and who are immd byitsaptnmas deeeriptive oi thewindytraeh of oonvemtion nnd

Slafi—SIW . I

Sh o ah eaoh or oasnnl openingin ahedge or tenoe.

At t uhe billies lfidlowsj halt n hlinkulitth while}

- v : The Hob Fair.

Slawpie. slaipie. indolent, 810

fromthe Icelandic dcpr, boo

muncio sordid“ . It is ratherfromtheGaelicdapach, slovenly,slapair and deepair. aslovenlyman , adrawler. an idler ; anddopey. a slot, a lazy,

o

dirty.

Sleuth- hound, ablood - hound . ahound trained to follow by thewent the track ofmn or beast .

Fromthe Gaelic dead,atrace ,

atrail ; and dot. d ioyooh, subtle,

“ Nashua-dog in his n tch tight

sure ;Shoold his dog gieabark,He

'

ll he out in his ark .And die or win.

M J W W J SW .

Y e hndmn h n voiog nnd n d id

mu n Runs/ w: Th Gal /cSW

S liddery. slippery ; fromJude.

thought or purpose, not to be

Thmh n sfid aymne d on the hn'

(I: “W daw n to visit

Though l to loreign h ndsmest hie.« d ims : Fs ruvd l uh

’

s b 'stfiv

Siink . atall , idle person ; atermusuallymated with long.as.along disk. It is sometimeswritten and pronounced d esk .

It is derivedapparentlyfromtheTeutonic schlang. the DntchandFlemish slong,asmke. Wmeans to grow long. thin . and

the adjective dunk. lack andslender ; and the substantiveM ,astarveling.

Slint orslinter,aslovenly. untidy,awkward man, correspondingwith the English slutasappliedto awoman ; fromthe Gaelicstood. to draggle or trail lazilyalong thegroundnlaodamasiut ;M r. asluggard. Jamiesonderives it fromthe Teuton ic

ab ide s dirty female ; but theword is not to be lound in German dictionaries, though it possibly ex ists in the vulgarpatois.

S liver,aslice,asmall piece. The

word was employed in this senseby Chaucer. and is akin to the

English d ies,and to the Gaelicalias, aside. Stormonth derivesit fromthe Anglo - Saxon slifan .

to cleave or split. Shakspeereasee the word three times.

I Sh eb a—Slow .

Slocmw slakeJ oallay thh -

st;

w et tinguish.

Foul watermaydeemlire.

- Au. s s R smv’

s Scat:

l t JW numdmh butaw avatsd s thousnndfold the tormt o

'myThalia. John Heugh ol

’

Stirliagmone th yadmoaishinc one of his people on

the sin of inten pen nc :“Man l john l

you should never drink except when

you’

re dry.

” “ Wed . sis,“

said John.that‘s what l 'n aye doin

'

. bu l'

luneverM it

f—Duuk smv.

Slogan . the war- cry of aHigh

Ourdvgmis their lykmks dirge.

When tbc smmd high b nsedin,Aod heand the slqm‘

c desdlyyell.

Jamis on has this word as“gi n .“ daimit tromtheIrish GaelicM i . an army.

and am. a horn . Jamiesonmight have found the true etyMk, the people . themultitude the clan ; andgaMacry,ashout,aloud cnll. Themwas notmade on s horn ; andmdoes not siguttyahorn inGaelic. Slogan . thewar- ory. h s

been used by English writersas synonymous with p ibmh.especially in aplay that en

qu rws ctacenmryamon the

siegeand relief of lmcknow dnring the Indian Mutiny. When

Jeanie the heeoine of themwho hears the music of the

Oh l hearye not the fi yss l”

But the “pooh puddings," as

onc e! Sir Walter Scott’

s chsr

no better.andalwaysapplsaded

Sioommdeep sleeg whence the

English word timber. alightsleep ; fromthe Flemish sluim . to sleep ;M 0 69 . sleepy.

Sloomy. lethargic.Slurp. slotter. to eat or driak

gmdily, and with aguttun l

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2 s HdIe— Sflwok.

Smiddie . to work by stealth ;derivation uncertain , but pos

sibly related to smith. milky,

Smind. to gibc. to jeer. Ja'mieson

derives this word fromthe icelaudie cm'

(the Scottishm'

and the English small ),and ord .

aword .and supposes it tomeansmall and contemptuous lan

guage . It is more probablyfromthe Gaelicmisread]; ormiuradh, smearing. or besmearing ; used metaphorically for

lorda'

agwithabuse or ill - natured

Swirl. aroguish ormischievoustrick. Jamieson derives this

word fromthe German sohsiic-mu.illudere ; but in the Germandictionaries it is defined as to

smear.

"It is more probab ly

fromthe Gaelicmiomil, strong.active, lively;and

" l’

ll playhimamid for that yet, as quotedby Jamieson, simply means .I'

ll play himalively trick for

Smirtle . a slight . or half- suppressed laugh or smile.

And Norie takes a(M of bread andcheese,

And wi’

amr’

rfk unto ldndie goes.—Ross’

s ”elem.

This word is akin to the EngMM but withont any deo

Smih the noise . clash. or clan l

As shemwalkingmaidalaneShe heard am’

t o‘

hridle n ins

She wishedmight he l’or p od.

Smitch or smytd l, a terman impudent boy ; fromasdirt .astain . an impurity. G

Smclt. an epithet applied t0 1

with ablue sky.

Merrymaidens. think nalang.

This word is used. accordto hiessraHalliwellandWrigin Sussex and other partsEngland . It is probable tthe root is the

'l‘

euton ic sdm

Smear. abbreviation and corruption ofmother.

What‘s themattermuo‘ Willie,Though we hemnt o

'

class.We

‘

ll creep the closer tbegither.An

‘

we'

llm a’

the fleas.

Smyte. asmall particle ; pouiblyderived fromthe spark of ananvil when smitten ;mytn ’

s. alarge collection of little things,

Amytn ’

e o'

wee daddiemas .

—Buax s.

Snack . aslight repast,acut fromthe lost, refreshment takenhastily between meals ; to go

snacks. to share with another.

Fromthe Gaeliomigh. to cut.

Snack. and to gomob . are stillused in colloquial English,andare derived by Worcester andothers frommaldc. i. e. ,asmuchof athing as can be snatcbedhastily. An etymology whichmay apply to met. a lunch .

but scarcely applies sc well asthe Gaelicmigh. to the phraseof gomad s. or shares in any

Snag, to chide . to taunt. tc re

prove. to snarl ; snaggy. sabcastioal. npt to take ottence .

This word. with the elisicu of

the iaitial aremains in Eng

liariyattributed to quarrelsomewomen . It is one of the numerous family oi words commencing with on . which . in the

Scottishand English languagm,generally implyamovement of

the lipsand nose, expressive of

anger. reproof. scorn , and in

liom», pronounced stress, the

nose. The Teutonic languageshavemany words commencingwith calm. which also relate to

the action of the nose. and are

possibly oi the same Celtic

Snagg'

erel . acontemptuous termforapuny,deformed child frommag. abroken bough.

Snub . impertinence, rebuff. te

bake .

—Buax s : Th M D“

Sneck orsnide. the latch, bolt. orfastening of adoor. The ety

of the Teutonic. either High

mckdmdmcbegatastening.

tion tobite ; suchas snarl . snub .sneer. snort. snap . snack , or

snatch (as an an imal with itsjam) . andmany others, all ofwhich, inclusive of snore, sniil

'

.

snail , sneez e, sn igger, sn ivel .

snout, have areference to the

nose. They appear to be de

Y e Qme to Pnudise ineog.

—Bosus : 4414 9“ :mSneeshin

’

. snuff ; fromme ;

Snaped haddoch wilkaduln an’

An’amnll o'gndemn fl u’

to prie

Whamv i'entin

‘

ud drinkin'

Snell. keen . b itter. sharp. quick ;fromthe FlemishM ,and theGemn n hw swift.

Bait!)mll and keen.

—v : ToaMom.

SirMndocms handyman. und ead !in tournament,and eke in light.

—N omd nhmShivering frommldn hemmsomil .

Seemthe hail sn ote the skeleton trees.

—Ju uMW ] .

Snirtle, to h ngh slily. or in t halfsuppressedmanner.Be feigned to su

’

fi h in hh slme.

Wheathns the hifdaddmed her.- Bom: Ti c/all} 8mm

To tyoeane‘

eaadc is s phn u appliedin Seodandmayeung vomso urho hu

Theymlmemirand handme dm,

Bnt three slwrtyean will soon vheelmn'

,

And thmcomesanemd tweniy. 7 am.h thmawhiw lnspired fool.

Fmmaidens’ love

The etymology of this word

is uncertain. l t seems to hevesome relation to the nose snd'

Stirling. which signifies the fairor beautiful hill. The Kymricd eh h humodauafinet aM o bsnd evidently tmmthossme root. Themueh despisedsometim& alleged to he n cormpfion dm u is probablyof Oeltic originJ romnm-aech(n u-ad h beautiful.

SnooLto flatterabjectly. to cringe.to crawl. Thiswond slsomeansto snub . to chide ill - naturally

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Gaelic saiglead. an arrow ; andsciglsdser,anarrower,anarcher,abowm; the suns as the

Latin somitarius. Thus the

Scottish sadjer appears to be aword of legitimate originand of

respectable antiquity. Soldier.

fromthe French sddal . is computativelymodern,and dw s not

appearin the“ Dictionaryof the

First or O ldest Words in the

English Language, fromthe

Semi~Saxon Period froma.o .

£ 250 to byHerbert Cole

ridge, published in 1862 . It is

worthy ofmention that Jamieson

's Scottish Dictionary does

not contain sedge? or sejar. buthas sodgrriss, toactasasoldier.or go a soldier-ing ; and the

strange termsodgmlwed, whichhe explains to be alow wordmeaning one that has little or

nomoney, or having the thigh

of asoldier ! Had Jamieson ,

before hoarding this sugges

tion, looked to another page of

his own dictiomry, he would

have found the word Mfg. to

beg. andmight have explainedthe phrase in the sense ofadisbanded soldier, begging fromdoor to door. withoutanyparticular reference to his thigh.

Soh ndaeil. An old Scottish pro

verb

Dean Ramsay. who quotes it,

and happiness is the but lot."

The translation is teo loose to

be accepted. See is. indisput~ably apleaghshare in eaeiic,in French in Flemishun latin

Soeand Sail— Soak.

sauces), and other languages.No trace, however. has hithertobeen discovered of its employment as averb . signi fying to

plough. Itwould seem.neverthein soelmid, that it was in old

time so used in Scotland. SailiatromtheGaelicmlbh. signifying good fortune , good luck .

tonic selig, happy. Ploughing.in the proverb ,may be taken tothen the proverbmight be reudared,

“ Labour-ing happiness .or the happiness that results

fromlabour. is the best .

Sonk . astuiied seet, or acouoh

unwieldy man, of no moreshapelyappearance than assokof straw. The root of these

two words seems to he the

Gaelio sonnoels, anything thick.bulky, orstrong ;m is astomman . ;also ahero and somh.

s tat . ill - shaped person .

The Earl ofArgyle is bound to ride,Andafl hh ln bergeons himhaide,M mupon aun l olme.

S e n s e, happiness, good luck ;M etrong, happy, plessant ;fromthe Gaelie sona, W e

Soak—Sass.

is defined by Jamieson as “acopious draught.

”

Thurmabottle in ahoie .Ayont the ingie low :

Andaye she took the ithermk.To deook the stoury tow.

suflicieucy of food ,also,arelishtaken with insipid food to ten

der itmore palatable. “ Scol to

apotatoe .

”often applied to a

finnan haddie, orared herring ;sometimes ludicrously used bythe Irish as, “

potatoes and

point." apotato pointed at a

root, to whet the imaginationwith the unattainable flavour of

l hnve . sweet wench,apiece ol cheueas

good n toothmay chaw,

And h eadmd wiidingsmh’

w well.—Wsam: AM ’

s EMSa ything eaten with bread,mchas

—Wmu‘

r’

s D ictionary

Sal, Frenchmas/tr. to sati with

food. Seal . silver. the wages of are»men ofsgemuy paid in roos - lm.

The French have soul, full ;

iull either oimeat or of liquor.

The Gaeliomuseems to be oi

with teemuch truth in itmayhe ao jestatsill—Anu s Rana/W '

s Scots PM .

Soru. to go to aperson's house.

Smminoongruons, miscellaneous mixture of eatables.

yourself upon himto feast or

lodge Tbe Enslish synonrmis“to sponge upom; ” avery in

ferior formof expression , partaking of the character of

slang. and not to be comparedfor force and cornpactness to

the Scottish word. l ir. John

lish Words, defines somto be

acorruption of sojourn. The

true etymon appears to be theGaelic saor. free,and saomaaeh .one whomakes free or estapb lishes himself in free quarters.It is related of anoble Scottish

Highlands. and was noted for

tality. that she was sometimesoverburdened with habitualmms. When any one of themouto stayed his welcome , she

would take occasion to say to

himat themorningmeal , withan arch look at the rest oi the

company Mak’aguid breakfast. Mr. Blank . while ye

'

re

about it ; I dinnaken whar’

ye’ll get your dinner.

"The

hint was usually taken,and the

Saudis—Spas.

Sass-poke. s ludicrous termfor Sowens . flummery ;the stomach ; usually derived

fromsaland salnm, because theingredientsare salted ; but theword is more likely to haveoriginated in soss. the oldFrenchsaw . the Flemish sass. themodernmace. compounded of

same ] ingredients. all blend

aurix ture of

Sowie . diminutive of sons. An

implement of war for demolishing walls, which the English

win . or abamringm; the

Scotch call it asow, fr0mitsweightand rotundity.

They laid theirss- dato the wallWi

‘

n ooyaheavy pal ;But hs threw ower to themagain

ing to produce aparticularlypiquant ilavour. Sou is used

in colloquisl and vulgur Englishin the Scottish sense ofamixedmess ; and san k , evidently a M pit W -hsmtcorruption of semis,according mam

” ream:

to Mr. Wright’

s Archaic Dictionary. aword used in the

East ofEngland to signify“any

strangemix ture .

S oudi e . broth ; fromthe old

Souter. ashoemaker, acobbler.

lish litemture. thoagh it is nowobsolete .

Spas, w teufortumto prediot.Etymology uneertahx ; deg-lendbyJamieson fromthe IM e,

‘

l‘

hs drvilmsksarseve to pn seh.

Oram. s shipma. orabur.

“Nair o bi- ileu m.

“

As themlsr said whu hs é ured the

M uf fi n -ruminant

Sowth . to try over atune withalow whistle to hnmutune toone

‘

s self involuntarily.

Oabuawheuwe pimthea,We

'

ll sitand w aatune,Symrhyme till ‘t ; we ’

ll time till't.And sing

‘

t when we hae done.

Sowther, or soother, to solder.tomalseamends for, to cemsnt,to hsai .

A lowmond e

'

trouhlq should that bemyAe night o

’

good fellowshipmfi rn ita‘ .—Bom: Caused - (M k .

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Mains the dooo nnd vindovsmdo.l dmghtmon the ontieatde ,O t fiuyshumvhn hide this htuth

Nomoremmde fot that h dy.Fa shemlyhxg dad ;

Bos n'mtot het honnie hdm,

Snub- cock . n fowl split open ,

to be broiled in haste, on a.sndden demnnd ior dinner tromnn nnexpeotod gnwt ; s oot

-mption ot diamwA-oooh aoook

qniekly oooked. The word i

common in the U‘

nfted Sutes.

SM s flood ox- Imhet. tmmthe

omflow of s tiver orh ke ; slso

Themmgratud n id zk o‘

w .

mk w the sa.

H e trfi l’

d thc fion l sheeudovn tbe l l ib

sma- u'unh n'wp t wm

Spots, or spam. is fromtheGaelic opddmmonntaln totrentsuddenly swollen bymin . In

ing to Mm Balliwell andWflgMnM W u nmmthan nsnnllyhenvydownponr oi

rnin ; nnd ln tho oonntyof Dor

hnmit signifien n pool fon ned

by the uin.

W n—Sym 2

ThoBootoh employtheFrenchword gigot tm'alog o!mutton ;but they do not say aM otmntton forashonlder.

Smo tsomefimeu penedmor

w e) , to wean . The English

Flemish nnd Loa twhleh has the snmemeaning.

children . whioh often ooemat

l wondadid nn tmn thyuomch.—Bum: TM O

‘

SM r.

and the Americans “ aspad e! wont .

" “s apdl ol idle

ness,” “

sw at hnd wenther,”

“ upped of goodmthet ." “

n

FlemishMthe Get-mqfi lc,

cextnlnly. the root is the Gaelicspool . tomow. cut down ; andthemamumstmke of

good or had weather. &c. The

word hes recentlyMome cur

Wi’

tottuing uep hcmched the tm.

Where soon the ingle blued fu'

hie :Thcu ld tnz n thouht hlnuelfahsm.

And thc tou stood twioltlinc in hls c'

o.

—Ptcxmuc :M Sm,orMc

Ont Budie lnnely ltoeps thc tmSin

'Mnilie ‘

s dond.

Edvard .“ aid the uh-Ptlot .

“you

will supp ly the Eng lish knight hue. inthh qfaan vlth suitable food nnd eooom”M 10 7 .

The vmrd is still nsed in the

north ol England lor n bnttery.

also for acupboard, apentry,and a. p late roomin s tem

Yal had loven ahe nnd l

In some W in theW .

Splen to lnqnire‘ to ask ntter

clean whenee by ex teneion of

O

Spence . aetoce’roomnext to n

kitchen , where the provisions

nre kept ;an tnnerapartment innmnll honee. The womd is

supposed to be derived from40pm. to distrlb nte ; whenoe

dispensary, the plnoe whereme»

2 10

Mmamemanmhc b ov s fnll

lmsmqmbe.Andapt

'

cr nflu akolz ht,'

l'

hnt toolt tne nmdancntUpon thu nonnt ol Sinai.

l ormy oottsh fit'

ooethle nnd

When losg folh nmn k thc n y they

(tomohlivion for the nse of

n rhymw w tmbhtmgrth .

andmirth- nll welh or too well

WM .

Mmuddlc ginhmn good steel

M 1M.P’

oll ten poond tn ight endmore.

Sperm- 5pm.

whemthe ioree ol the wind h

ln Poosie Nnncy’s held theM

q mmThe

O n fimummmca’

;

mmw nn’

ldt thu n’

.

tl ad 8 0m

Spirfig aperson wlth slenderlegl ;

combined With (any ; as, “ A

longaptdh ,

” atall slenderpet

shnnh aoll wwpdmh hw ingslendet limbs.

8 i5l n Highland perm:hea the Geelio nl an . anoutside ponoh or reeeptnolo of

smllmattexs, nnd al ,anything that hup down .

Defl n k’

his king’

uhood [m]h um—v :M od b r. HM

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2 12 Spade—Spunk .

Fortunate Bhepherdsss, has wisp The word is duived by

Folk wfllmlto’

q and lashmwl'thokitk,C h we heaeen theglthc in the - ifl t.

NeitherBurns. Allan Ramsay,aud its origin is wholly

smsiuw wuxauw m,

Fa l wul laymy lup h yawn,li e

’

d nae gd e will atme.- Bvcmut‘aM W : Th

hed th as to be able to takeone

’s ordiaarytood,one

’

s kail orpan

-itch . with agood appetite .

Spangmpnrse that instans withaolasp ;m the large pnrseworn hythe ll ighlanden on fnllo

Bat wat du'wasme wmd afiWhen wlckodly they hid tladn w

Omdllum.

Pos thisaad that eomah themhuw

ammM aM aM ; cps - Be.

“ igni fatm"or will oi the

Gallo w ay!" mm alittle wooden bu or holt ; andthe Elemish haat th thememeaniag ; and also thatof the rung ofaladdafabar oi

rotten wood, or tinder. easilyinflammable ; hnt it is questlonable whether the root is not

the Teutoniofunh asparkle ol

“shufnmto w fl e zmdsum to sparkle out, to

Andmony lthm;Whomaold Demoatheeeaaad Tully,

N ight own aahtlthen .

s ayfl mflmthcydeavemwl‘ thdrdinO

‘m iatn aiea:We

'

ll lightaqpu lmndmyakhWe

‘

ll dn theual in fudoa.Like oll some day.

” OM .mmmm mW z d fl mb wm

M mp rdtch M afounded stiok or har of hard

Sufi —Same.

of the peasanttyn vere often re

warded by hav'

lng the tpurtlc toliok in addietion te thein hare ofthe hreakfast.

Ourgudemanm'

hamat e'en,And hame cam' hc :

And thmhe sawahtaw hroad twwd,Whae nae swordahould ha.

How’

s this l gnde wik ,B ow

'

s thig qno be.

W‘

tthout the leave o'me ?hee l

A HIM“ .

BmgiemyonrMmJa

Amaw ofd t qmb‘ —Boax s : Tk CarIc o‘ K‘WAnd hliadermayye h‘ . 8m“ .

M M M HS'Mw w m'm'

English diotionaries.Saw l never nane l No l aoonermy the Saxoo lanoe.

U nfix Ben ledi fi'omhisM

M the name of the well We ww ld w ul any Yanlteo heo

known island ot theWest that 13“ lo w s demy to takt bu

mmmuc‘me‘mnp l u M iafl eet Su'eet orany ot

'

onr p eatColonel Robertson in “ The

“ W.

would he wue tomoddle wlthanymemhetGaelic Topography of Boot of tt uyand W M —Mland,

"has omitted to glve the

” 10 30133036

“ to Legg

y.m3 FOOL 3 ditch . an en .

Mmd akin to Ii Itfor the delenoe ot afortress .

This wori with the elidon of

mtural toxmation of the oave.the initial letter, heoomes the

heing oomponndd d etudh fdhsilent).api1h ror pillm. oolumnor oolnmns ; andmlt (uav 0t

or atqfa, themve of pflluaox

in contemmtcastrongfl nlgar.rompinggirl,whosemannersaremasculine. The wood is alsoapplied to the

'l‘nrkeycock and

the gander. Fromthe German“sign . tomount, to raise. tostick up, to stand erect. In theold Norseutmgr signiflesmale.

l t‘

s neithu your rtd na yoar ctak l

Fromthe French Ming. or

Stark stroug ; fromthe GermamThe word, however, is English .

with adifl'

ereutmeaning. as inthe phrasc.mk nebed, ntterly

P‘

ill fu'and hand fu‘maksadarkman.

w arm

herent in speech . to stammer ;fromtheGermanmcmdnmb ;andmy ; stupid, the Flemishand Dutch damper,atool,asillyand idle person.

bably fromthe Gaelic stad or

M wmounced std ), todedst,or csuse todesist.

Steek . to elose, to shut, to fastenwithapin.

Sages theirsolemn e‘

enmy3M—Bunus : 0 7 and PM .

—511 Wan -

euSoon :M Cabal .

Y e’re owre hcnnie l ye’re omhonnie l

Sae sleeh hat witchin'e'e.l t

'

s light flees glsamin ‘

thmuhmm

Wheuthe steed’

smnra' the suble

W M v’

sM PM .

Steeka, the lnterstlces ofanywo~ven or knltted h brimstitohes ;M probahlytromstMasM

He drawsahomle dllnenwrse,

ls there that o‘er his i

'

unch taunt.

Or olio that wad rtassasow.

—Buas s : h uff-c u.

Cmin' pand thing,when thc ed¢eo

’

the appzti‘

te’

s awee turned. and ye'

re

d enim

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2 16

Theattrihutes of thfi ‘M fd

of Scotland " are set forth byEmkineas quoted in Jamieson ;and ths last holder of the oflioe—who beon ne king of Scotland—gave the name oi his funotion

to his royal descendants. In its

humb ler senseml the stward of

agreat household. orot aship .

the name is still true to its

the chief director of his particular department.It has been suggested in theGaelio Etymologyod the Lan

guages of Western Europe ."

that the true etymon of ate-c or“ (them-st syllable of stewardand sum) is the Gaelic stuck .pronounced stu. which signifies

any strong liquor. as well asfood . sustenance, or nourish

ment for the body; and thatconsequentlystewordmeanschiefbutler, or provider of the royalhousehold . There ismuch to

be said in tavour of this hypo

thesis. but the derivation from

hard ; but the words thus writ

ten have no native etymd ogy.

andaremerelyphonetic tendoning: ofan obsolete Gaelic term.te - borrowed fromthemodernEnglish. The suggested Teu

W .

signifies toadminister. todirect ;adirector. asteward.

The smfhrae thouwouldst hae face’tat.—Bom: Tbs /1014 174” “ H is

AMM M3fickitminiater. atermof ohlo

qny in Scotland foracandidatefor holy orders whc has failedtapass the necessary examination. or tc give satisiacfion to

Stey. steep. perpendiculn . In

CumberlandandWestmoreland.

sly signifies aladdw. Steyand

Setastout heartmadam- Aun t

he preached the probationarysermon . The phrase isakin tothe vulgar English—“

old d ick

in themud.

”

Pair lad ! the that date he tried to

pruch,he rttktit his sermou.—Jasttn ow.

smemmmm

Stab—Slam) . 3

M '

smmmmm Con efiU eutn ant l l have aw ol’mumthere‘

s amson orcamior wine. “ here withoat are ahrace ol'

everythiag z cr there‘

s neverauaoke witbout fit-e).

ment in the ground.

“ l havestabbedmy toe.

"said the late

President Lincoln . in ex planatiouof his temporarylameness ;fromthe GMBcMaM athrust. or anything thrust in

the ground ; astick , astump .

any stalk broken or cutand stillprojecting fromthe ground ;whence the Engliahwordmuc.Andaye ss on the road he dn

‘

h’

l ,

His knees on aneanitherw

Stound. atnoment . avery short

space d time ; also. aquickthe GermnM an hour.

Gaug inand seat younn ths sanksa‘

And ye'

se hs sair’d wi'

plenty iua

Andaye theM the deadlyw und.Came fiae her e’

en sae honnie hlae .

- Buans : [ Goal s wage s-u.

Smup orstoog aflagmalntoher.ajug. M ap . abottle or

jug containimg apint. This

wordmused by flh kspeare .

tists of themiubcthan em; it

Cyprian galh ntg that would fain have amamw the heshh d hlack O theno

Setme theM Ol wiaeupoathat table.

W W W N M W MAs sare as l ’ll bemine.

Far hae l rldden,And taoekle l hae seen :

cult to deoide ; hut the Gaelic .

whioh applies the word to wide

Johnson derives it fromthe

Dutch and Flemlsh stop . acorkoratopper ofahottle ; the 0ermu sapoal ; but this canscarcely be the origin of the

Soottiah woxd tor amilk - stoup ,s wam-macaa itcher,ahucket. apail,are not corkedor stOpped. In some Scottishglossariesastw p is said to be atin pot, and in others it is de

fined as ajug with a handle ;while in Northumberland. w

wooden vessel ioroarryingwater.ammumiorliquidsmraflagcn ;and siopsn signifies a smulldagon Between thememish

2 18

disturbance ;mm-ie, dusty. The

word isakin to the English stir .and in itsmetaphorioal emac iasynonymous with the Scottish

steams in the song“ What'sa

the steer, kimmer l what's thedisturbance . or in the broadvernacular. what’s the row ?“ To kick up n dust isaslang

Yestreen lmet youon themoor.Y e spak na. but p ed by like s lswY e gsckatme becsuse i ‘mpoor.—Bom: Tm, l w 5m

cushion .

“To wlrich the other replied.

A ww y slave frae sun tomn,Could l the rich n ward secure

- Boms.Burns nses the word in the

senseofmould. earth. or soli. nain his “Address to theDaisy:

"

Wee .modest. crimson- timflower,Thou

'

stmetme in an evil hour.Fu lmn amhmng them" ,

M d n the sense of strifo,was aoommomEaglish wW in

the time ot Chsucer and his

Slow—Shoppes .

Stowlins . stownlins . by stealth .

unobserved . or expecting to be

Roh rrwvliu pried her bouniemou.Fu

'

cotie in the neuk ior'

t

U nseen that night.

S toyte. s to iter. to stagger.

They sb fl rr haute to slew.

- At.uut Rausav : TuVision.

on the way.

—Buas s : Contested sss‘ Lime.Al lennh wi

‘

drinkaud courtin‘

disry.He rtsitawl up andmade aface.

- Buas s : fl ui d ly fiw

To rtoitk over. in eooseqnence of iu~fi s hy, without beingmuch hun . To

tyne or lose the smis ametaphaforbeing ofl the proper line of coadnctJameson .

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2 Slug—Saga.

Cuse Altered d Ben Jonson ,

whomoi Beotthh pnrentage ,

yout hlnch ;mhnhlt nnd ” thoughtmo‘mm(See BW SWDlmMP- ‘N

smg. This Soottish word il uned Namin n vnfiety d oenm—anamed The fi inte t formol nn ohject :uglimwoto tho ideuof stifinmm “ M M A

“M ‘

-mnmm",W .M (W 0 licht here. - ] Aamox .

n o , he , a the Engiish W , Fromt yne is formedma.one who indistinctly ; l

the noun z nutug,tomh orstick “’md’ which, according to

Jemimh n nnme oi repronchwith n ohn p weapon .m. thei to one who doeo not pas

haenoe of formnnd

Mmmb thq hn tomdnm.i n likemioulu vfll hun thm

l'

w livd alife dmrt l nd nrlb ,“lit h e- choc .

Styme. aparticle. an ion mt u s sle-magnumn emuaw .wmmum.

l‘

n mu du ‘t npon n tim.

Immld v inh u - s n row .

Sunken—6mm». 2

(q. v. )

In Scotland there livedahumble beggar.He had neither home nor hauld nor

Bot hemweel likit hy illmhody,And they gicd himnmk atomillsme :

A dnnd o‘

n h nnoch or pudding bteo,Cauld pnn itch, or the licking o

‘

plates,Wad -N : himn hlithe as a hody

mology ol’

rn bd is uncertain. Hud defived it iromm .

—jm .

mology in English or In wh nd

Scotch ismwed, it wonld bewell if the duhious philologists

would look into the Gaelic.whlch they seldomdo. latheoase of unbd theywonld havetound something hetter in thath ngnage than theEngliahmthing. 8auamh signiflesadninty,or something that is desired.coveted, or longed after ; andW thatwhich iadesired.

This word wonld be ead ly oonvertihle by the Lowland 800tchintomobs. Halliwell,

’

in his

Arohfl cDiofionaryAasM ,

adainty. which bemy: is n

Snmph . n stwld omsoft - headed

nmoms z apoaihle but nota

whenee he nddg aheavy st‘upid

iellow is so ealled.

The toul of lifenhe heoven helw ,

Is n ptmgiving vom:

Y emrlynmh who hnte theme.

Be n indfn‘

o’

yw mithor.

4m

And the blood rmdounw n in.

In another stanzaof this vi

gorous old ballad, occur the

lines :

M M MMW MW alther ofotherminin :

Su ck . to deal aheavy blowakin to the vulga nglishMadc,to heat severely; aw ashingblow. aheavy blow ; etymologyweek, hasan oppositemeaning,though theremay be some conneotion of ideabetween aheavyblow and ablow that w hen

himon whomit falls.When Percy wi

’

the Dontlumt,l wnt hemfu

'

fnin,

222

Smmmenmnrried to sisters.

Jamieson goos to the Swd ish

nnd Ioeh ndic forthe derivationof this word. but it is to be

found nearer home in themem

fellow. fit ior his worh and not

A fillyfl n irdly.M onday-ab .

—Bm: : fl e dw fim h h’

:

A vll flm.M

- mrm¢w fimThe etymological root of

toni c roll ; uned in asense equivnlent to the French

fellow. a¢h oll fellow. or aiellow in ucontemptuous and depredatory sense. ML ThomsWfighh in his Archaio Dictiom

Stuff. to h int. to swoon . to

stupefy. or be stupeiled ; nlso. n

fainting ilt, n swoon.

Andmonieahumit poorred oout.Fmiur nu h dfimd ml

Hc held upan nmw u he pnmd use :and lM i nn vi

‘

(right—Soon :

Ye hu n r’

d the pub vutch spak tillshemsfi , nnd now yemnd n if yo

never n w awomu in n imhdaw

uncertain ; theauthor of “ Piers

mimto inll uleep . By someTeutonic cumto throw

out. or throw ofl ; nnd u to h ll

in n fnlnting fit is to throw ofl

lean ; but it also hamm.

whichmeans largo‘bellied,andlsapplled toapregnant woman :the Flemish and Dutch have

- Bmw s : 7ȣ100Fair.

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224

Swine.

“ '

Bhesvinc’sgone through

it."is aproverbial exp ansion

which signifies that amarriage

haveanything to dowithaznarringe is so incommehensible asto suggest that the word doesduty tor some other. of which

it is s oorrnption. Suchawordex ists in the Gaelicmain . aM adcap sleepmlethm.

whencotheEnglishm Malso signifies to entwine, towrapround. to envelop. to tie up. to

tw istaoord or rope round anything ; and hencemay. in theproverb ial saying above cited,signifyan impediment. Either

oi the twomeanings of su in

wouldmest the sense of the

Swimacontemptuons termforfirst given to it on account of

its thinness. and the diEculty.or impossihilitymi gt ttingdmnkupon it. Fromthe Flemish“M to drink to excess ; the

Gmmh to drink asmi

Swat—Sync.

Swh‘

h to turn rapidly. to eddy. to

His tailHung o

'erhis hurdles vi

‘

s ush i.

And themill strcamdancsd in themomingAnd ull its oddissmi'd.

hesitation . dread. The etymoo

logy is doubtfnh but is possibiyfromthe German w ixM ho

tween . i .e. , betwsmtwo oon

d ze p ed np thc gme,Wi'ammuw n hausodr.Now. dn . 1esnie hu gctsen her joek

ruption oimk orud . Amaccording to mieson . is arm.oramarshybottommh s smallstreamin it.

Tabacu B irbmTail.

Tabun bhbmamb zmobt blyaside- comb for the adornmentof awoman's hair. It occursin the ancient version of the

song entitled “ Lord Gregory.

"

Jamieson is of opinion that themeunsacomhmadsat '

l‘abia. in

Italy.

“ Shall we suppose.”he

adds, “thnt birbeais acorrup

tion ot iww . or imy~b¢ac (orShall we not rather

supposems 'l‘abiawas not lmown

as aplaos oimanuiacture iorcombs. that the word is of

natire Scotch origin . and thst.uncouth as it looks. it is re

aside ; h abitats. sides ; bier. a

pin. a point. a prion s. the

tooth d acomb ; and been . awoman whence taobhaabiorbwn

(corrupted into tobsoa bit ten ).the side- comb ofawoman !

Tun is ian holding ; tacks»mmaleaseholder ; fromtank.to held. to fnsten .

Naeman has atad o’

his lifc.

banter ; fromthe (ieelic ka

news ?”

Oh. the deil‘

s dead ! ” " is“ Then lmaun

pray for twataitherless bairna”—Dm

never heard thmmninp c- w'

gh is to

delay. to hinder- dinuaasigk tne—i wausair uiglcd the day. lathe quotationfromDean Ran sampsct that h ifl :

h imprupcrly pnt tor tx bh or. asmmu d b w mw .meanhtg to

sdn umh y hold ou. lo adsscriptionof ameeting of the U HP Preshytu

-

y of

Edinburgh . that had what is called the

Dalkeith hw yase belon ig it wns statedthat Dr. Peddie proceeded to (« toMr.

Dmuau.

Tait. joyous, guy ; aword an dby the old Scottish poet.

Douglas . in his trandation of

the “ Eneid.

”Jamieson derives

it “ fromthe Eoclandio tear,hflamexnltans ;

”but itsmore

Tairge. or targe. to crosso

ques~tion severely and rigidly ; of

uncertain etymology. though

possibly connected with the

Gaelic togc ir, to plead, toargue .to dispute.

Andaye on Sundhys daily. nightly.l on the questions “b y themtightlyTill. tacit. wee Davoclt

’

s grown so gleg .

Though scarcely law thanmy leg.He ll screed youali

'

Etiectual CallingAs iast as cny in the dwalling.

226

Mg. Thc h glish exchmationoi hatymmt koiammu,the nnme of afsvonrite dn ce

in the reign of Chaflco l I . . is

cite d wnmac—ih which cite

“ W h om “M ore. M h the senso dmalty. was nsod by themin ~montmd Fletcher.md othm

- Btcx n suw n : Law in 4 Villa“ .

He i rlo om! boun d n ub -minis

drunken comm—Bums“ ? AND

fight. applied to apes-son whoh joyoualy intox iatedmr semiintox icated. oeemto be “ the

Taity. taitey.mttod like hair,

wfl tten tate and tca), n lock

At flh ufl o’

hk hm'

tme

M e kongasilk r hd l.mv io d th-M W MAnd thcygi-d n uindty ltmll.

Bu skhtmd themmdlk,Hammtdc o‘

tbe crminc fi e.

At flh w l o’

the hon e‘

smne

Hmfifly -iller hclh aod uim.

The otymology of tlfls word

um muumtonnd h the Gaelic tood. u

8'

Tmb Tangk

Scottish uong enfiflcd‘”Tattoo

fin ab omcans abeooon ; pos

foroc fire . bnt gimno etamoo

logy. Egiaio tromthe caclic

n le, long. tall . d t

W 3Mfl cah d gd so tho

that implics that apameither

reqnimor ionmablc toadvicemadmonition . or themme .

Ho n d u MW be vo- ld not he

“ ma n h un t “ ,mmto be n ainded d wh t ouht toh dm

or tynd, to kindle ; aud its -emit(sometimeorenden d bythc '

l'

en

tonic Mid -fire), afire of emer

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228

activity. cleverness ; and to

bouwith the nddition oi the

She'

s n ft nt hen .md snM : ”M l -M

theme meaning as taped

tea-inaud theEnglist - oww

Tuppiloorie. top - heavy; or tapputourmround nt the top. From

hen with atop tuft of teathers ;aphrueapplied toalnrge hottleor jar ot vine or rpirits.mmwrtbmmlmmh '

M mdutn t nnd hu.

Wd ahc hdd n iln ick gill.And lcoeh tomamm

The ho'l n mnnmew it.

TommmM mW r-d v ith n hm

Tap- oum- larL Ta

mmmc w mWhat care we thongh thc cochmym.

weh m dmw m

magnumor Scots pints ; " but

diam. All agree, however.thatatappit-La held confider

ablymore than an ord inary

Tm mmmup.

trample mom- tun , is apparently fromthe same source,and not from“

top-side the

t’

otherway." as some etymolo

Cie tneacnnnie hwr nt o‘cn,

“ymnhont n ydufiq o,

w ya’mW M O l

Germnn oms’s“ Greeagrow

the

note in W e" em

Bongo."tho two lines in which

Taflar— TawmSign of his Dog and Duck.

Tartar. To oatohaTm-tof , to be

been denied or nnsuspected ;

pleasantly. thataperson is bynomms somild or good tempered u wumwThis saying originated fromthem

ofan lrish soldier in the irnperial oervice.whq in ahnttle n’ inu tln

'

l’

l rkacalledout to his con n de that he hndmght aTartar.

“ Bring himnlong thau’snid

he.

“He won

'

t come. “ aid Paddy.

his

comrade.

“ Bedad i ” said be,“ but he

won'

t letme l " A Tuur is nlsoan ndcptat any fmt or galne.

“ He is qui le aW at ericltot or hilliards.

“—Gnost ‘

s

Groee’s storywas evidentlyin

to travel lnto 'l‘artaryto explain

the saurce ofapeouliarlyBritishphrase. which has no equivalentinanylanguage bntEnglishand800t inasmuch as it is of

native origin, fromthe Gaelictartar, amt noise. clamour,bustle, confusion ; b run ch.

bustling . noisy, uproaring. un

Tarmrian is aword used by the

dramatists ol themizabethan

229

There livedah - h lnmnus.She was the ptide of n

’

thc wnn,Blythe n the lark on govan tcaWhen frae the nat it's ncwlywovn .

—At.uu¢Cunmnow .

Tatshie. according to .lamieson .

signlna dreasod in aslovenly

Scotch ; and supposed bynnglish philologists to be tromtheIcelandic tetan atorn gmnent.

The roots, however. are de

rivable fromthe Gmelicnhat oftatter is fiomMarag ; tromwhence the provincial Englishdud. meaning a scarecrow.

M ammaheap of con

fused objects fl romwhence theprimary meaning of Mordemolion would seemto be a“ heap of rags,

" applied con

temptuously to the wearer of

them. Mr. James M‘K ie, of

K limoch quotes in his Bib.

liography of Burns,“ The Jolly

burgh, O liverA: Boyd,

Tavern sign ol'

the Deg end

This is usually ex

plained in the English sense of

n“ Dog

" and a“ Duck .

”with

2 30 Tavey’s Locker.

the conquest of England hrytheDanes and Sax ons ; and that itdates fromthe Celtic period,

D ingh, or“ Drink tod ay." an

invitation to all travellers andpassers byto step in and drink ;and that it was not by anymeans confined to the shooters

of ducks, or to the watery dis~tricts in which such sports were

possible. The perversions of

the word deceit (drink ), by the

very numerous. One of theminpartioulnrdeserves tobe cited .

dog'

s nose, which is. or used to

be, a favourite drink of the

populace in London , composedofbeersndgin. Charles Dickens.in Pickwick . describes dog

'

s

nose as awarmdrink ; but thecompiler of B otten’

s Slang Dictionary amrms it to be acolddrink—cc called . because it wasas coldasadog’

s nose .

”The

fromthe Gaelic dooct and noa,custom; and nosng, custonn ry,or nsual ; and thus signifies the“ usual drink. Another common and equally ludicrous perversion of the Gnelic is “ O ld

Tom." which is used by the

barrel of gin . The origin of the

phrase is ol . drink . and taom, topour out ; whence , to pour out

locker.singular pmused princi

tesque combination of words inScotch and English which has

plained or accounted (or ; andno one has yet told the worldwhether Tumor Dory was areal or afabulous person . or

who Janawas . and what wassignified byhis locba'. The Teutonic rocts of the English andScotch h um tail to givethe slightest hint or clue to theetymology of the expresn on,

and thus compel inquirers to

look to the Oeltio torapossiblesolution of themystery. In

Gaelic is found h is“ (“is or

ocean ; Mada, aph oe ; andlocket. sleep. or a closing of

account for the corruption into

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Tefh TM and Rm}. 2

N aM '

s, tir e dismwhich,translated, means “ land of

victory. and Land oi detw ce.

ployed in the sense of highspirited The word was English in the Elizabethan era, nnd

t romthe Gaelic tcll . hot.

She'

s goodmettle. ol agood stirringstrain and gun rift—Bowman? aao

liquor. This word has been derived by Jamieson and others

laughs, to draw or pull. As no

such words are to be found inthe Teutonic languages, it ispossible that Jamieson meantthe German any. the English

tag, to pull or draw ; whence .

in vulgar language smagmaat the bottle or tankard. adeepdraught. It seemsmore prohable, however, that the lowlandScotoh word is acorruption of

the Gaelic «(sodas drink ,as inthe phrase,

“ deceit an’

doruis,

“

adrink at the door, astirrupcan (S mmm- n )

war formerly used by women

ous in his atteatioas to them.

It has been supposed to be

somehow or other derived tromthe French , bnt noword similarto itappears in that languageIt is probably iromthe Gael io

(with the omb sion of the

guttral j . the English tough. in

which the omitted guttral is teplaced by the sound of fi asinf ). Tho Gaelic tisgh. thick,still , strong, is doubtless an

son , that he acts “cut of a'

M u d n ip," as ii the rooi

of his house were uncovered,aad let in the windaad weathcr ;

dirt,ajilt, n deceiver.

T ew is n word ofmnnymenningsin Scotlnnd , butmost common lysignifies to work hard. It alsosignidu to struggle, to strive ,

to fntigue, to overpower,tomeketough.

“ Sairtcwa" signifies oldor eore difiicultiee or troubles ;M gm, toiling on ;mir tavd,

expressions. Jamieson derivesto kill ; Nares citee instnnoee inwhich it in ised in the sense of

tev , t0 pnli nleng by n rope .

Pos ibiy, however, it is but n

Thnd tmdmig tromthe thntchcf n house ; and fopfwhe binding or fasten ing which keeps

the thntch in its plnce. Hence .metaphorically, the phme applied to the conduct of nn un

2 fi rm- n eon, 7710 ; 77am.

or, in vnlgnr sh ng, ns if he ln d“n sh te orn tfleM "

eon enggmits deriution fiemtheAnglo

-Snmaqmgm t ;

T hairmthe fi fingl of n violin . butas tbe title wae pecn linr toharp, ou' other inetrument £or the GeeL wholly unknewn to

which wire is not need, celledia fl nnd cnt- gut. The word

in def ived fromtbe Germnn, vituda eltic etymology ilmmmm.m. moet probnble z thst etymologyintestines ; the 0m pluul is tound in wmid eer, n gmr

dame. nor, e lord,apfince ; one eeeond

Cane. n ew the pen v i'

tund n‘

cheep,

- Bunn : Thmam.

deri ved lromthe Teutonic,may,in the eense of gut or entrnile,have -ome connection with the

practice of divination by the

ancient Angina, who studiedthe intel tinee ofmerifioed birde “ mummy,to lorete ll tutnre evente. But Thermtn bomic la- a.m“

$m w w w mM o nummirmdgnidee Y e

‘li sit oe his wbite hmhm,mm And l

‘

ll pike omhk boeek blu een x

Wi‘ u lock o‘

his p wdeuhsir

gut.may probably come the

Scottishwords ckmmto ph yon

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236

imp tient ofanotbcr’sabeenoe ;to think the time long.mm h min

'

,mld wintd ‘s

W fl o gmw wurp to be Suw an ee- pat ter n ed,m ay-3M ” ,

l‘

DM M thuabmybh - d

- Bms : £ fiulab w

thatmnybe endured ; tbelem,

euflerancemndurarwe. fl olc ie

doubtless fromthe same root

at the Iatiu tdemreflmd the

Thowlen . Perhape s corruptionof tkedmn reak ; without tlmesand sinmGaelic tlagh, thick ,

strung ; whenceM ac, withoatmength or thiekneu.

“ atten ua t es- re tireme n t!

supposes it to be lromtbe loeo

Well wat your hooour, “ for th“,

M ali ce- omCnn youexpect toan a.

That hae been gnilty o‘sow amg?

Thrl ug, busy,crowdedwith work

tonic or Swedish Megan -d o

duouaHe is otopinionalao thatmawcrythemme ehh g over

and over agaimis synonymous,and of the snme origin. Butmore probebly, in the eenee ot

Tkmpfile Througk.

The deilmp iamthe reeh.

M h tndlh ‘ brimoematehal

Thrapple. the throat ;akin to the

Asmurderat hisw shored ;Aod hellmired in the hruh ie throill.Wheuwe hadaScotsMiameng—de ilmtheirm thun ftus o

‘

t.

Threw . a twist. a fit of ill

humour ; tAma, twisted, con

totted. W , with atwisted or contorted gob. ormouth ; and,metaphorically, a

bit is frumthe GaelicM amouth ; whenoe the Engfish

or contortions ot pain ; also,alittle while, oraturn oi time,a

Shemthe keywi'

urmiemWhen i n little tb uirhadmademmBewfl iirxgmioe n hlermeaodafiwhmee.Thmmtwn hun into the crib.Han fed tMt hmdm- ir:

M : ”fi r e- ( M AN N

Ems.

M seemsakin to the kngo

lish Chmathrob , atwist of

pdmaud iawobably tromtheTeutonic.

W e? no’

provin’.

This ismww h'wmtfm, this ismmmmk amaed abom].

T hrimle, thrimmel. to press, tofl w i l’tPMtbo-uup , topress

lt'

s not foramwithawomn to tw .

U ni- he firugin omthe ph :

As we bep n we’

ll now lme ofi

l’

ll takmyanid cionkabout n etw uw mb Saax srmSome herdy weel leamed upon the bcuk,Wad ttmy auld folk the thingmifl ook.

min Rob Roy, in 4he sense

of asevere exposure of one’

s

Meand omducudming arigid

Throwther. higgledy piggtedy.

helm- shelter, confusion ;poesiblyaoorruption of tkmughnTill—d ielp—e shot ! they

're afl

'

a'

“w eather,

a thread. Grey tho-um, the

popular phrue in Scotland forthc pmfl ng of amthe somdof n spinn inn beeh the thmdremaining at the end ol aweb ;

—JamSm ut : A Vela/ b u lkWands.

Thad, n dnll . heav7 blow : cty

though it is Meuit to eee

serious uee of it was madeby Gawin Dcuglu and Alh n

The feufnlM of tbe temp-ntmtidc.

—GawmM ow :m y

Theair z rew roogh with bommSwith ouahudeued chy he fell,Right fu wu hn ed theaal .

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240 Tms—TMs d.Iorming.

“ To give one atiw” if

"signifies to but one

with asticuorpiece ot timber).were ludicrcmtamd ors cofi n.m mthe fl emish and

in wood,andalsoawoodmongu,

cr woodrmn.

M up the flfl , £a. to wield the

fisil z timanp the doorwhhadk hdou.

M an ho be builyempb yed in leam‘

it . Oh ,u hc b‘nmn up the lx in l

And who io singing could ereel

H e umthough it he lang,lngude brsid SatsaVi-uil

‘

s saag.

T in e, to lose ; “at, lost. This

ancient English word has longbeen confined to Scottish litmWhatmh

‘

at thrmh tree,Tree -hail it win.

He never tw acow thal grat tcr a

t ss thmis nethiag thekiag h’aahis

All’

s not tfal that’s in dangsr.

Tal b ert—e lli p se.

—Au.auM ut tmPMNutmhml

'

llmhsr,“ hern iati on —Burns.

T inkle - sweetie Aeooediag to

JM M M w a

labour ‘

l The word isappaneutly

nppmy mwm. 24

T ippenny,£romtwopsnce ;whence“mumat the price of two the GaelioMrl , and tair-liu, to

pence ; twopennyale. rush rapidlywith agreat noise .

“TM we‘

ll fear nae evil,Wi' nsqnebu “ p age ,“ dun, T irlie- rwirlie, intricate or trifling

—Buas s : Tm0'

Starter. ornaments.Mr. IneveWeimnurs, aouce “mu n g“ . nd kw uw w nm

noted French author, who tran “ s ham- Soon : TMA OM .

M or W hmed Bums l t waain and through the window broadsinto French , rendered the first Anda' the tirfirm o

’

t,

of these lines by“ Aves den: mm kh fi glme

'

fl lmsous, nous ne craindrons rien .

" m"Mwith twopence we

'

ll tear no

thing, th lea the ale t

of the quzmw on

Fromthe English twirl andMfl thout amieson goes to

T lrh to tnmthe knob , the piu, or the Swadish in search of the

other tastening otadoor. The

word is ot constant occurrencein the ballad W af fle“ ,

T in . a fractious child ; tin e»,

O h he'

s gcoe roundand roundaboutAnd tirled at ths pin.

M , to spln round as in awhirlwind, to unroof with ahigh wind.

Whylss, on themongering“mm“was.

W the ltirb .

- Bvrms : Ad rmfoW DdL

to h acorruption oi theWnew, to turn round ; and, byextension ofmeaning, “ liai sing

ing thematerials whirling or

twirling in the storm. To tirlBwe pin w knob of adW Ja

lm- fi

e

xdms

h

sumdoubtless fromtwirl, in the

W mmg to kmiesomwhodmounces itas vnlp r

ing humour ; tin -ia. queruloue.peevish. Thesewords seemnll tobe derived fromthe GaelicMr,

tomoan. to lament, to weep ;and Wimdh, moaning, complaining. lamentatiom. Junieson . however, derives tif f fromthe Greekmatyrant, orthe Teutonic tar-gm. to irritatethough the latterword is not tohe found in German or in anyof its dialects . man is often

used in French poetry for the

oong or hment of the nighfin

242 Tether—Tod.

Thh phme oiguifleomeamatch . u in the proverbinl seying which he quotes, “ Tnm'e ngmt thiei , but Willie’

s WMil ie wi' him; " nnd derives it

lromW n ciM ; and bimc,abrother. The truemenning of

Mic is a fellow ; fromthe

joyousnou, jollineu. Tittle-bill“

the English phrase . “a. jolly

tune-sot persons in themiddleand lowermnh oi h ie who nre

too poor to give their dnughters

M ia. A nchormay be eitherah rge oraemnli one . There

ie no othc eotcb

fortuneleu.

Amund n cnii’

.

An ox nnd n bnif.

[ s not thatmb txur

?or n shoemha’

s doughter?

Baum: Nan nyRW g/W

m un ch-man hun t .

Thou- testMmmk not cwr tbe

M ahmn d gfi n louu ierms eam'mmmmammiumo thq mu’

d.

Myt e jcwcl hn charmforhia.

Philologists are at varianceu to the origin ol tod cr, which

relation to any simih r word

in the Teutonic or in the Bo

The French h s dd , theGermmand the Dutch and Flemishbraidwhat. Dr. AdolphusWagner. editor of aGerman edition

of Bums (new . sur

geste the Icelandic teeter .

"

which he thinks is either cor

or fromdaughter. the Germanmm. or the Greek 0mmThe renl root of the word is the

Gaelic teeer or toear, provieimor store, 5 marriage portion ;

-tune

and , rich.

Tod.usuallyoonnidered toaignifyabnoh fl q todatmeh or bunch

of ivy. The derivation seemsto be fmmthe Dntch and Flemish ted, an g . airinge '

nmdtt aelicMarag ; or ¢eod,astrinn mmthe string-fikeandragged appw ance of ivywhen

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2 Tongue-ferdy Toot.

theGerman ,Dutch ,andFlemishdam, the Imtin and Greek damn ,

the rounded roof or cupola,swelling over achurch or cathedral,and also the cathedralitself ; as il duomo atMilan ,

and the Domkirke atCologne.

Tom, in the secondary sense ,

signifies large, fromthe primaryideaof that which is swollen ; atomcat isalarge cat ; tomnoddyis agreat noddy or simpleton ;tomfool is agreat fool ;and tomboy,when appliedasareproachto aromping or noisy girl , signifies that she actsmore likeagreat boy than likeagirl .

Singing a song to the Queen 0’

the

Fairies,among the {mmo’

the ancientwoods—N ectarAmbrvrim.

T ongue ferdy, glib of tongue,loquacious , overreadyofspeech.

Fromthe German rung,FlemishandDutch tong, the tongue and

fertig, ready.

T on gue- tack i t, tongue- tied ,

eitherfromnatural impediment,or fromnervous timidity andinability to speak when there isoccasion to declare one

’

s self ;also, undue reticence , when

there isanecessityfor speakingout.

T oomor tame, empty, pouredout ; fromthe Gaelic team, topour out, the English team, toproduce, to pour out progeny.

Team- hand“, empty - handed ;toom- bendit, brainless, emptyheaded atoompock ,an emptypurse. The word is used in

T oot, or hurt, to noise athingabroad , to spread arumour or

ascandal ; also, to blowahorn.

It was (ooh? through a'

the country.

The kintraclaiks were b otr’

t farandwide—Jameson .

But now the Lord'

sain trumpet touts,T illa’ the hillsare raitiu'.

—Buas s : The Holy Fair.

An auld tout in anew horn.

Everyman can tout best on hisain horn .

l t'aillmakingatouting horn ofatod

'

s

—Au.au Ru sav’aScot: PM .

Lancashire, according to TimBobbin

’

s Glossary.

Betteraroast house than an ill tenant.—A.u.AN Ru sav’

s Scots P roverbs.

Scotland greettn owre her thrissle,Hermutchltin stoup as fan

’

sawhistle.—Bunns : Earnest Cryand P rayer.

Mr. Clark of Dalreoch, whose head wasvastly disproportioned to his body,metMr. Dunlop one day.

“Weel,Mr. Clark,that's agreat head 0

’

yours." “ Indeed,

it is,Mr. Dunlop ; i could contain yoursinside o

’my own .

“Just so.

”echoed

Mr. Dunlop, “ l was e'

en thinking it was

geyan toom.

”-DaA N Ban sav.

O n being called upon to give his vote

in the choice of achaplain to the prison

of Dunfermline, David Dewar signified

hisassent to the election of the candidaterecommended by the Board, by saying,“Weel, l

'

ve no objection to theman , forI understand that he has preached altirltteamalready; and if he he as successful

in the jail, he'llmaybe preach it vacantaswecl. —DuuRausav.

A b out pouchmks asair hcart. But

why should it? Surely a heart'

s worthmair than apouch, whether it'

s foamor

brimming ower l—Douau) Guam”

Set on them, lads i" quo’Willie, then,Fie, lads I set on themcruellie,

For ere theywin to the R itterford

Monyaroomsaddle there sall he.

”

—JaumTw as : BorderMinstrels} .

Toollu’

IIs—TMum.

ln Engliah alang,almt iaoneatationed ontaide of ashop or

place of amusement. to enticepeople to enter ;metaphoricalfor blowing the trumpet, i.a. ,praising the goods . or entertainmeat, to be had with in. Fromthe Gaelic dud, a trumpet ;dudae

’

r. atrumpeter. The Germans call the bagpipe aderid e

mob, i. e. ,atrumpet sack.

Toothilla—or hills where in earlytimesahoruwas blown to givewarning of danger—are fre

quentlymentioned in old re.

oordmand the name still sub .

in London waaao called froman eminme of the kind in the

borough of Southwark.

out ofmy sight, ye vile littleGory. It is obvious that theword has no political origin ,

and is poeaibly tromthe GaelicM pregnantmnd tomdudksilen t). the fruit or produce of

pregnancy, i. e. ,achild.

able ;M aneutJ idy- lookmew ; M .m d sn08 .

Ofuncertain etymology. Jamieo

eon derivee it fromthememiahM to drm, to adorn ; hutthe Guhc ofien dog abuh a

lish tramps and vagrante, tosignifyalodging. It is possible

that the ideaof comtortab leshelter, in the sense of the pro

verb ,

“Better

- ambush thannae bield,

"lieeat tbe root o£ torh

She works huainmkinmaadapias heralucleedin‘

.

And lteepaherselfaet fi-u the tap to the

T ottie, warm, snug, comfortable.

Fromthe Gaelic tech. warmth ;teadk , to warm; and teodkaichte,warmed ; whence also tattle, to

by boiling liquids.

Tatum, atermof afieotion for achild juet beginning to walk .

and eometimeah lling in the

pmeee ; fromthe Gaelic tuit.

word tottmwith themto the

United Btatea It occmin a

T ot afondling name for achild

that is learning to walk ; fromwhenoe tottlcand todd q towalkwith alow, £eeble,and unoertainstep. Fromthe Gaelit o

fall.

comeo the name of the epinningand falling toy. the Mount ;and English tot,achild.

M JM K d I t’

n dm

thing in contempt .” and sug

gertatbat the word is pmbablyimitative ot itaunstecdymovementawben nearlyepent. Tee

claimto the reapect of the in

Gaelic tumand tuuaiq uarrel ; q

“uTeeddleawas aweaW tig whmyouuhhed himngainn the hair. hat a

W J W CW .

cl oapncionsanduncertamtemper. Derived byJamieaon fromwhich isaot to be tound tn the

canal . tho path hywhichmenor hormtewor pull the vmelathrough the water. To wallopin atoc . to dangle fromthe p llows.

And ere l wed cuotherfide,l'

ll wallop ’mab w.

O’Tow.

i hae another b w cumy rock fl han

the 8wedirh toy, thembctanceof whioh ropeaaremade. It

ismore likely frcmthe caelicM arope. aatring. ahalta:

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Treachms as CM —Tmloflay.

M oould pretend tc.

T reacherouaas Garrick, false

There phraaes are coun t in

England aawell as in Scotland,

nection with the name ol Garriot , or to the renowned actorwho bore it in the last century.

It in possible, however, thatM en u on Garrick maymean treacheroueaeaoeoireeglt

(or encirmll ) . Gaelic for ablasing fire. This suggection is

ofleredfiwtcdeabuz . A High

lander, however, is of opinion

thatM ir acorruption of

oombg, a deep, gloomL fl-Dd

treacherour loch in the ialandof Skye.

“ Who shall decidewhen doctoradiaagree l

T rig, neat, clean , attractive ;usually derived fromthe Bugnot the aamemeaning, Also,

atop , or aperuou giving too

appearance.

lt ismy hurnour z ycuare apimp and aAn Amadis de GauLoraDon Qfimte .

—BauJonaon : The Ak bau’

d .

And youameq thema' doha.Su trfi fromtop to toe.

The word oeemato be deriredfromthe Dutch and FlemiahM, toattract. Thout amieaon derimit fromthe kngliahtrial , or M‘

eb out, to drece

gurdily or finelyd t iapoadhlyeither h omthe Welsh o eric trl

'

g. firm-aet . or the Gaelic

ends of ahouaehold hy travelling pedlan n f omold clothes ;hugger. or tmlker,apedh r, onewho deals in old clother. It indoubtful whether these words

Trow Trysk . 2

alle le, three kings are come !luthis sentence the word aaaisis ungrammatical and incorrect .{mmmmma But ln

dependently of the bad Freuch,

the etymologyis eutirelywrong.

The word . or words,are part otaveryancient Drnidical chcrus,sung two thousand years agoat the dawning of the day. in

honours! the sunrise :mule !Fromthe Gaelicmm(m).early : and M. day. signi fyingnot

“ the three kingsare come,"but Dayl early day !

"equi

valent to the Hail . earlymorn ! ofawell - knowumodern

T ron. There is aTmChurchin Edinburgh and anothm' inmriesand Jamieson ’

s ScottishDictionary make nomention of

thewcrd. l twouldappeartromapassage in Hone

's Every day

Book"that Tmsignifiedapuh

lic weighing-machine, or scalein amarket- place , where pur

chasers of commoditiesmight.that the weight of their pur

chase was correct. Heme aTmChurch

"was achurch

in themarket- place near which

heavy, oraweight.

T ronie atedious story that has

causes asense ot weariness in

the person oondemned to listento it. Fromthe Gaelic teamor tron , heavy. tedious. The

same epithet is applied to aboywho is unablc to learn his

M embided trycuat vml fl stile.

Truman. alow . hue, dirty fellow.

The English hasma. the feminine of this word ,applied toanimmoral woman of the lowest

class. The origin is the Gaelictmfa. to pollute, to dehase ;

T ryste. an appointed place of

meeting, arendezvous ; of thesame origin as trust. or confi

dence. fromthe idea that hewho appoints 3mmwith nu

other trusts that the other

will beep or be faithful to it .

The word occurs in C haucer.and in several old EnglishM88 .

of his period ; but is not used

bySpenser. shnkspeare, or laterwriters. “ To hide "your,

"to he

true to timeand place ofmeeting.

" Youwalk h ten ir. mid i . “ i hide

tom,"mthe reply.“and so i thinlrdo

you. Mr. Oshaldkooue l "—813 WALmSCOTT . R ei k o} .

250 Twat/cdc Damon— Tulsa".

By the wb ef d he smmand aamed—Loan l iacaou v.

Dreamof the tmhom'O r hridal

‘

s happic time.When 1me to Ardgour i wrote to

lachiel w tvymme whmtomeat him.Hood sM uRelic: L ater/ 9mR 06

R0} to Cent ral GemTuath do Danaan. This '

namehas heen giren to aeolony oi

northmen who eariy settled in

Ireland. and afterwards passedinto Argyllsh ire . Fromtad /e.

andalsoaflmu. M ds o

mn h acompfimin which

the seoond word de ought to

have no place of tuothaiok snd

don or daaa. The Very Rev.

Canon Bourke, in his work on

the Aryan origin oi the Gaeliclanguage, says

" The M ale

Pmeatmamin “ The Originof the Nations o! Europe.

"who

is ot opinion that th t ds

Demons were Scandinavians,asupposition which their Gaelic

Oi course they brought with

fromtheFrenoh tosdler- s word

which is not to he found in theFrench dictionsries—to stir or

agitete water, it is prohahly cle~rived immthe same souroe asthe quaaiosynonymous English

tussle, and akin to the Gaelicmun ch. a tumult . a quarrelamong several persons ; and

to pull shout roughly. to dis

And our gnde wifek wee hiniie ood ts

But though dull psose fiplk h tin splamrin logic h nha

’

l .

l hops we hardies lnen some hetw—Bms : Tom 3m

'

i‘

hahotcherdceds ol hloody fate

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252 Turm’msps'kr Tutti, Ian'

s.

of Scotland and in Ireland.and covering the shoulders.hack , and hips ; aton ic.

“ If

not derived fromthe Latintuition .

"sas amieson .

“ it staybe fromthe some root.

”It is

fromthe same root in alanguagemuch olderthan the latin—the Celticand Gaelic to», theposterior. the hips. TheGreeks

called that part of the bodyrm. whence, in the learnedslang oi the Englishuniversities.the coat- tails were called “

py

gastoles ." and by some irreve

rent undergraduates,“ hum

curtains. " Theword in Scottish

Gaelic is tow , and in IrishGaelic tomdt.

Turuimspikemname given hytheHighlanders to ahigh road or

to the north of inverness. Greatconsternation is said to have

asherifl’

s ofllcer and a toll

“ what'll come nex t ‘l The lawhas reached Tain l ”

(manned)

lent to the Englh b pdims l But

Hcy lmie tatic is the name of

an old Scottishmartial air. towhich Burns sdapted his nohlesong of “ Scots whahae wi

’

Wallace hled.

”To this spiritedmelody. accmding to tradition.

the troops of King Rohert Brucemarched to the great victory oi

to the soldiers oi Bruoe. oile

dwdeci tcik l b omdadaek to

sound the trumpek and tm’te.lated,

“ Let the joyous trumpetssound !

"The battle of Ban

nockhurn was fought in an agewhen the bagpipe had not he

of Palac es an interpretation .

adds that “the wordsmayhave

heenmeant “ imitative oi the

sound of the trumpet in givingthe charge.

"

i tmayhe remarhed thet pow

Taw e—Dee. 2

Whamhau theumpamd

M id fl to the dnm,And to the b onsap in l

Wasaruv’

s

oi Beduplicated Words “ as a

parties that has not yetassumedthe formof abroil .” This odd

pmfiemfrinufimeqwthat had but slight beginning.is pmnted in the proverbi t hcgan inalaixh lmm.

Tat is theGaelicM,thesound

or tool upon awind instrument.ahorn , afiute, awhistle or atrump t—and n uts is acorruptiouot smock, soft . gentle. Tadn

’

e is ahrawl, asouflle,aflght.fromthe Gaelic Malena. riot,

disorder, con flict . tumult ;Mil omg, a quarrelsome. foulmouthed woman ; ascold , and

The numerals two, three, andtour, with the addition of the

sylh hlemare used inasenseoi whioh they are not susceptible in English. Amwalh or am interview,

is otten rendered in l aglish hy

Tia-sooth e and foarme reels .

dances in which three or tour

persons participate.

There'

s hornpipesand suathpeys,man .

But the hest danoe ina‘ ths tounis tt eil

'

sawa’

wi'

the Exciseman .

—Bvsss.

Tway, a pair, a couple, the

English tannin ; two, sometimesEvery lmight hadaladyhright,And every squire ahiay ;

Her own sslrchcae io rd h ivinp tone

—Bucru\u‘

s A x ial 8 4114 41 : Lord

Twimemd thrimmacouplstandatriplet. Thesearewords thathave not yet heen admitted intothe dictionaries.

Twine , to rob , to deprive ; topart with, to relinquish. Etymology uncertain ; supposed tobe fromthe Englishmks, two,

thence to separate into two.

The fish shall swimths dood naemair,Nor the corn grow throngh lhe day,

Eu the fierceat fire thax everwas kiodled

My duddie isacanltut carleWillao lwias wi’ his gsar.

BrandyM myapoor. doylt, druclmahash

t alf his days.

Tyke amongreh arough dog ;originally ahouse dog ; iromthe Gaelic sigh . a ngin ahouse. The word is common

254

in Yorkshire . and in'

all the

W orm Tired or

wearied. as adog or tyk afteralong chase.

Smooth . call‘

st lhoume host?4 nm z flml’.

W W W -ileecaofl he uiz ht- Douu.as : 7 7 1“ :a Q/McM

Who dang usand lamus into thisw—Au.as Ramv : The

This word seems to he akinto the Engliah ugly, Which allthe philologists who ignore the

Gaelic as ons et the sourcesof the Engllsh lmguage der-iveto shiver. or iromother equallyGaelicm(quasi up), signifiesdeath . aghost,askeleton ,andM SM .MM W .

Tyke- lyn'

fi—U nco.

Hemapmn d fihhww—la'car.

I‘maatired of irasab k ol laq h il.

Umbersorrow . hardy. rough.

rupt wou'd. of which Jamis on

cites astill corrupter,“am~

bev am ,

"is clearly derived

w , uncared for, wild.

negated. growing in the

strength oi natnre without hu

its use in the Lothians in the

sense oi “rugged. of asnrly

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256 Vanqmlsh Webster.

VThemashafl h n i hut the hommWhen the throne is pesaessed hyourain

Vanquish . adiseaseamong sheepand lamhs .caused bytheireatinga certain unwholesome grass .

sheep ! Hemightaswellaccountfor the name of Kilmarnock, bystating that one Marnoch waskilled there. Vasquiss isaconruption of the Gaelic coin , palegreen ,and enamel; orw imp,aspecies of rank grass with along stalk that grows on wet

soil and is deleterious to cattle,and espeoiallyto sheep . (Islan dsis possibly the same as couch

grass. described in Balliwell's

beanie laddie .

—Jaa6i’uRelics QIW

Vauntie. proud, vaiu. alsoabrag

Her cutry sarlrlulongitude though soody scaosy,l t was her hest,and she was vmtir.

—lluar¢s : Tina0’

SW .

written bir, avein ; fromtheLatin «a. visa. Possibly themmw .mg.aoran

Swith withwlr he whirled herroued.

Archaic and Provinoial Dic

tiouary as a kind of coarsegrass that grows very quickly,

a corruption of the Engl ish

w w mum,mmwnpshall he sorrymmmmhh fi nnad hman them;

WWa’,abbreviation oi wall . “ His Wfllic k dn k ou

back iaat the i.a. , he “ wThe spot they ca

'

d it

driven into acorner ; his hacltm“

is at the wall, fightingagainstopposing enMes or credltors.

Waven‘d d virMNOti- nd twVicak . or Monk . splendidlydressed . richly attired ; fromthe “Anglo 8m”

or nid Eng

menning . Possibly thismny bethe origin of themodern wordunkemin oontemptnons nllmsion to the grnyish ooloun o!

the livefi es ofmnle servmts in

Wad Wafi 2

summing. Weds ulso sig

But whmshemthe Anmvsm.

Had e thomndmc b hsen u l dd ather.

AM Warn s

—Au.euh mv‘

s SosaPM .

And lhe bat niee honnet e’emonmyhead ;

At kirk or nt w itet l'moovered but

hardy.O b thatmy v ifemld drink booly nnd

J an'

s Collection : The Dud e.

Waddie . vigorous. willing. alert.rwdy to do.

Whet h e wiiimgin mb r now nnd

for tre

Wu e‘er n yoeng h ddie n emw sa l .

- Bocnsu’

s Andes : Ballads : Tb:

111mm!“s the wife thumts the tnnme,

butm’

s theman thatmber.

Andan the o’moed o

'

his ungbond inmanners and appearance ;Meyer, 3 confirmed va

are of uncertain etymology.

though it is probnhie thnt theymall tromthe snme root ns

the h glish man stray. a

and s he‘

s-ms. fromm. sorrow,

is obvious ; thnt ofmmk is

not so clear. It is probablyfiomthe fl emish wee eorrow or

love . und sug¢or tuel s. al igh.

Jamieson derives it fromthe

Danish usig. woe to us ;mno

bis,woe to us. The word, how

even is not to be fonnd in Dsn

ish diotionnries.

whid’

, uwuve of sound or of

wind. asudden and slight imM onmn the senms tn n

sientglnnoe . n glimpse , n pussingodour.

“ A ssqf o’ cauld ”

is aslight attack ofmid.

“ I hads w o

'

himi' the street g”l

had uglimpse of him. “ Theremsw d roses z“tim-

e ves

asudden odour ofmm. The

primitive ideunt the root of theword is sudden and of short

258

gone astray fromthe right andrespectable path. and formedon the same principle frommyof, or ed the way. Anotherpossib le root is the Flemishw fm(with the elision of the

initial s). to go estray. to vega»

mm;M M '

.M aan escape.

—Jmns Ba um-mx .

A wM erop is the h stmp gatheredbefore atenant qniu his fsrm; also the

mme gimto the and thmgh vhich

the water esupes frw the n ifl vheel

James.

ludov io in the snd o'

hshn .

At them'

gw o‘

the svaliov .

When the wind gmsanld and the bnrn

But ch, it‘

s dcv ier far to sec

ThemM o'

her that the hn rt gang:v i

’

.

—Huw ArumWaghorn. In the North Of Soot~land it is n proverbial phms

to sayof agreat linr thet“ he

lies like

than Waghm,

”thnt “ bo is as

false as WM and Weghmthe devil.

“ Jamieson records

that Wool en is a fabulous

to adorn or to disflgure the

Wa’gang Waffle

the trnditionary angl ers"isa

corruption of uword thnt hasamoremtional ss well se a

snch it is fiound to M In

devil. who is supposed to he hntone. while the other devils in

the pit are supposed to hemnltitedinom.

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Wallow—Wame.

Wallow , to fadeaway ;mlleued.faded. withered by cold , bhght .or natural decay ; the etynmndoubtless of the word can . in

common use in Americaand ineome parts of England . of whichaludicrous example is given byI said to hern rilt thoui and

libe rated. ” The derivation is

the Teutonic walks».The last thne that l saw her faceShemddywasand n d .

Mammals ! and voe is n e.She

'

smllomd iikeaveed.

Waly lmly i an interjeetion of

sorrow ; ales ! or,me is sue !Derived frommil , to lament.ormd yfl lament ymthe

woful .O hm- b l u b i bet iove is bonnie,A little tin e vhiie it is nsv ;

But when it'aanid it wamcanid,

And fads‘ava' lilte n oruing dem

M d th l afi iamgfOhu b l u b l np tbe bank ,And i -sly ! “ b l dov n the bue.

And - ob !M i n o lta-aside,Where l andmy love wont to gae.

Wame. the belly ; also the English wordmh which is trom

numerous ;amcngothera. smaie.havingmuch ms. i .e. , cor

pulent ; w uim. oemuimcy

the belly. andm(the Gaelicmatarope abmd swaefi '

.

abellyfull.

l nemiilmd wamhimy shoon z and

Was to thsms that has awilfn

Though life’

sagifi no worth n eeivin'

.

v iewin‘

.

—Bvatss :M MAme/f ian c e“ , t

beamq am—Sm-

n sr.

Wan k anak.

Johnsmthe last is “acavity.

”

The onlymes ofanything likewarmerM that appears in

or in high or iow Dutch . is theSwedish roam, signifying tripe.

fromthe Anglo- Samand fromIcelandic, itmay he suggestedthat themoreancient CelticandM W the tte Ot Of O n rude, “ “a"both m and w ub inm Am' by the iightng'Xemoon.

U ntil they camto themwater.

nymin the Gaelic M .Mmmmm

abounding in oavities orholiows.mm‘mm

Theane has ta‘cn himby the hecd,Wampab gmas applied to mimwmmthe colour of ariver in oertain mmmamfi umstates of the water and the

lave been of opinion M Th ere’

s noahhd ina'this lorut

me , both in English and”Warm?

Scotch , “W 3 W “ We fi ah -ailin

gmmyc’e brea.Jemima,however. thought differently,and translatedmasblack, gloomy, dark - coloured.

or rather filthy,

”not reflecting.

however, that these epithets.

dignity ef tbe tender or tragioal ballads in whichmoo

tomto decresse in heaithand strength as well as in

simwhehoemthepallor ot

health. That of the ScottishWae wonh themwhafirst did shapc

Etymology et the h nguages ofWestern Europe.

"It is trom

the Gaalic u ine. apale blue,inclining to green . This ls the

usual colour of the huntifulstreams of the Highiands,whennot rendered “ drumlie ”

ormnddyhy the storms that wash

With how sad stq ohmn i thoe

climh‘

st the slty,

T r in uh eandml thinh or thaeahoat,Nu hmh Mmu- advop tseraia

correctly renders it “ delusivehope. ” This is an old English

word ,which is nearly obsolete

but still survives in scotland.

TOW N-nah.

Some philologlsts,misled bythat the word was synonymouswithmneand have interpreted“Mops as the “ waning of

hope .

”But was is the Dutch

equivalent to the English aud

thememish in the use of the

For hism- r‘

cd deaeed.

KM

the gipsies is

Mourthe u l and l fell ont.

Sac hs l cnnid eelicve herofherm

Wap, in England written sad, itbundle of straw,awisp . used inthe Bcottish sense in the North

of England ; fromthe li'lcmiahAoep ,abundle, afile of hay orstraw. Tobe in themp ormd .

to lie in the straw.

Hell i’

theW aad l fell oet,l

‘

ll teli ye wh t‘

twasa'ahnatfSbe had silluand l hadmc.’

l‘

hat was the p it thc steer hm

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Warple Walla.

fromthe Icelandic sardlokr, amagic song or incantation for

calling up evil spirits. Mr. 8tormonth. in his Etymological Dic~tionary, refers the word to theAnglo

aliar. It ismore probahlahowever. that the word ln d not this

thatas ssu‘

sard is derived lromtheGermanw iss orwise ssuf iod hasits root inadmilarideamndmaycome fromtheGaelioge-cr,sharp,acute,cunning ; andMMJolk .

It was notoustomaryln tbe dayscommonlybelieved in . to speakdisrespectfully ol them. The

fairies were “ the good folh,"

the wizard was “ the wissman ,

and thewitch in lriah pnrlance.was the Banshee (M ), orwoman of peace ; and W k,in likemanner. was an epithet

implying the sagacity ratherthan the wickedness of the folkso designated. The ohango of

easilyaccountedtor. TheF'rench

gums becomesmin English

the French W or gulps.

suggested in the “ Gaelic Ety

mto twist or turn adde asin the phrase. “ms judgmentismvvpsd.

”The root of both

the Scottish and English is theFlemhhM to tumor turn

That yarn‘

s saemrjwuiat l annagetit redd.

Warsie. to wrestle, to eontend,

also to tumble violentlyafter a

And omshe w fl d in the ditch.

Wat. to know, to wit. Obsolete

English wot : Dutch and Flemishm Wotan. wits not.

Little r-cathe ill-willy wife wial adinneran y hand in

‘

t.

north -east of Scotland for beyondd urther ofl .

SirRobert li stnn . BritishM atConstantinopq ound two d his ceunn -

yn

to himin aharher's waiting to be

shaved in turn . O ne themame hrather late, and seeing he had namelyroomat the end of the scag addresad the

calledup in hismind by hearinp inadiatant ln d. such an eapression in Scottishw i

'- M M V.

Wetter—Waugh .

across. Either fromthe l 'lemishmcd, or the Gaelio atIt, aford. Bootis-eath is the uame

tain states of the tide, people

fromthe English side can wadeacross to Scotland.

Watter, water. Theword isusedin Scotland in the sense of astream,abrook, ariver ; as inthe phrase, thewaterof Leith,

"

and theGlasgow phrase,

“ Down

the water.”signifying down the

C lyde. It is recorded of the

Clerk , afterwards Lord Eldin,

that, in srgulngacsse of watapri vilege in Scctland before Io rd

his lordship by constantly re

puting the wordmatter with astrong Scottish accent. “Mr.

Clark ,

”inquired his lordship,

“ is it the customin your country to spell waterwith two t

’s l

"

“ No,my lord," replied Clerk

but it'

s the fashion in mycountry to spell manners v i

’

twan’

s."

Wagtaa'

l , aname given to the

beautiful little bird . the hooks»

queue of the Freneh ; the "totaciaayon -

ewe of the naturalists .

given by the English to the

pretty litfl e oreatnrmfonndedon ths erroneons notion that ith anaqutioM or that it frequantathe watermore than it

does the land. It comes withthe flies and departs with theflies, which are its only food.and, unlikemany other attractive birds, does no harmto

fruit, blossoms . seeds, or anykind of vegetation. In someparts of Scotland it is calledM e, or Wimmgml ”

Wanchlq eamalso,to pmle,to swaytromaide to side ; English, to w iggle , Flemishmggekn, to vaciilate, to stagger.

Waoght,alarge deep dranght ofliquor. The etymology is nn

certain. In most of the glos

saries to Burns' Poems the

word is erroneously joined with" willy,

” and converted into

willymghl ," and described

We'

ll drink aright (ode willy-w i t .

should be

We'

ll drinkaright ( ode-willieW I

drink v ith right good

will adeep or heartymaghl ordraught.

2 Wauk Waulhss .

ciation of the Scottish language shonld have taoght himtake ol qooting will ie -mg“as one word in the foilowing

Gods e‘

en to yooa’

,and tak yonrmmo

A

The word is introdnoed with

fine efieot in atranslation fmmthe Gaehmbythe Ettr-iek flhephead. of the Jacobite Ballad ,

" TheFrasers in ths Correi : "

Spicrmatme lGae spier at themaiden that siu by thc

'

l'

he red ooatamhmand itmnaforsood.

And the n vemare hoan e in " thew “~I'

i

Aodmeantime gia amsfl f o’

callerwhey,

'

fhe day’

aM Maad wemvoodms

dry.

l'msnre ’

twill dommeikle gnid,amd t

o‘

eallerair,A caller dock. acallerM ad onna

Wank to render the palmd the

hand hard . callous. or horny.by severe toil .

That hencefath i vad bs rhyme proot,‘

l'

lllmy lan bmth .

able to sleep ; the soflh rife.as in oanldrw verycoldfis nsed

as an intensitiimso that “ akartfc dgnifiss not only anable

to sleep,bot nnable inan intense

definesmlliaasmeaning the

intestines. The word is not to

Burns uses it.

BulM themsfic haaiQ-fed,The tremblin‘ earthmoonde hiatmdClap in hiamlic nimablade,

He'

llmk it vhisde.

In “Jacoband Rachel,”asongattributed to Burns, publishedinananonymons in ndon editionof his songs, dated 1825, the

Thmw wmumhmhQuo

‘

she,

In this songmmtitted on wconnt of

What time themooo. v i‘

eilent glover,Seanp herhorn.

Wafl thmgh the dmrymidni‘ht hom.T illmakn’

fcmom.

”Men u .

"fis hn ets- low ed dark despair.Cauby the giamoor o’

(hint e’e,

Aa'mah the daylight duk tom

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Wean'

n’awd Weeder- dim.

A nnytrie o’wes doddiem

(alot of little raued childn n)

Whenakiriin ’amat'aaee the light.«d ivans : Sak i: Dre“.

dually.

l'mw as-fi n ed ,1m,

Like n ew when it‘

s thaw, Jean.l'

laM ’am“

To the Land 0’

the Deal.- Lanv Narn ia.

Life's welkinmwam,

Wc teel that within nswhich ne’ercan

den y.And Death hrinp ns Lik as the

Night brings the Daw'

[dawn ],Though we

‘

re M ’ and , an‘

we’re W in

’m’

.

—Jauu Em ma.

Went/term. astreak of light

Wee, little,diminutive,verylittle

German «My. 111 t

occurs in Shakspeare, and is

liar English , though not in lite

rary composition . i t is often

need as an intensification of lit

tleness, ““alittlemchiid,

”

“ alittlcmblt.

A n nulmen wefl fl h d.Amb i t- MMAmwife wrll willed,fl fi

'ahawrm

Amm un creap aadc am

'

I'

hsyeawmeir hodies hare,Anon thcypaas

’

d withall theirmed,O f beamtomk thenuelmaml ,To cleith kiothenhemmtheircare.

6} 81ac nu n Harman, inMu s Raw v

’aEmWeed is inmanyEtymological

Dictionartes said to be derived

Weed or weeds. dress, attire,clothing. The onlyremnant otthis word remaining inmodernEnglish is the phrase, a“ widow

’

s s eeds.”the tnneral

attire of arecently bereaved

Gaelio ormdadh, a dmor

garmen t, aiso tbe armonr ot aknight. The author of the

Scottish poemof “ ParadyceLost," which appears in the

and died in rsSQ at the ad~vanced age of go, and was

Weeks Wmnot cut downathistle, the iioral

Weeks or weiks oi the eye ormouth signify, according to

Jamieson , the corners of the

mouth or eyes. To hang bytheanal-s of idsmouth, is to keephold of athing or purpoee wthe utmost . to the last gasp ;

to that in HolyWrit to “esoape

bythe skin of the teeth.

” Weekor w ih is accrrupt

‘

ion of the

Gaelicm‘

g,acorner. The word

Weigh- hank, the cross beamofabalance .

Come like aw ed - N , Donald

hiacGiiiimy,cleverly,

Od’

wi'

the eouatufeig Donald l ac

Weilo head, the centre oi an eddy.

These words appear to be acorruption of M or whirl ,

having acircularmotion, andto have no connection withmu.T bey douldt inatam

ml , u h the phrase,“ 00me

aaworth themdfl that uana

Motherwell translates “v iew !

her in agreat sin ,

"

placed herin dangerof oommittingagreatsin, which is cleuly not the

is hopelmly corrupt in his ver

cations z oneasanonn, the other

as an adjective. In Mgiish

269

Weir, war ;M am,aman of war,acombatant ; ne'er“be warlike ;M W ;

added weir-gills, disputes be

tween husbandand wife ; fromthe French gun

-re. the Italiangem, with the change of the9 “ into is. The primary root

seems to he the Flemishmm.to deiend n he k nglish bcm/

i .s. , he rady to defend your

anoe to oppressiveand defensivewar, that does not apply to oi

iensivewar—the bells , horridabells ,

"oi the Iatin , and the

k ey of the Teutonic, whichsignify war generally, whetheroflensiveordefensive g—the iirstacrime, the secondavirtue.

Weir orwear, to guard, to watchover, to protect, to gather inwith caution , as a shepherd

conducts his iiock to the told.

Erlinton hadafairdaughter ;imheadad hu in amdn,

And he haahuiltahigh hower,Anda'w pnt that hdy in .

word is anoun . and sign ifies“ fate "

or“ destiny

"—derivedfromthe Teutonicw 'dauto hesome, or that which she ll he.

Chaucer, in “ 'I‘roilns d res

dda,"has the line

O Fortune i eaecutrice of v l’

en 'al

and Gowa, in amauuscript inthe pon eesion oi the societyoi

l t wereawondrousmTo eeeakiag hecomeaherde.

In this scnse the word continnes

to he used in 800tisnd :

Ammymwhemhe wfl hut hemnn wed where his rm'rd k

She h awise wifc that ltens her ain

By the bonniemill -dams o‘

Diabolic.

—Sco'

rr‘a”hairdo of“: M r.

Shakspure seems to haveheenthe iirst to employ the word asan adjective,and to hare givenit the meaning of unearthly.

though pertaining to the ideaof the FatesTheM datag hand in hand,Postmol theaeaand land.

—Mad d&M o‘ Cawdor l hywhieh tide theae

Whmn au by her l id ering fire atak in the m“ M d—CamM : W W

JM n r-

vq ed hiscon panionas thouhhe were getting imbued with aromanticinterest in Ne w lite —Can tu

She turned tomake ha way fromtheM spotaaiaatas hu feeble limhawonldlet [permit] hem- T . A. N ames : TheO W N -rmWin -d ismetimeswutmely)used as averb , signifying to

w cd ye toafierybeast,And relieved sall ye neverhe.

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2 W 4 32; Vault—“75m.

smmw a to hut

generally.Wi‘M chn u l

'

n o-yaui ng .

“ (tri c k l ed - f t“ .

Y emh p - fiq s ou d d c fok h

M dn themd tobcnt

Towhieh nr. Bsrtlett cppends

w h am mmummw mmmmmmw .m31. 0m m

Fa llauy is h bcrm,

“ M M M k .

the ncb or hill ol acurlev .

M cMamll qumtiq .

Whahcttu cuuh w o’s

v impack -palm1mmmlScar

What ih ye nt? This gmmmemmms thixg nmcd lmmhn e yon to it l u to n chfld

M acs- not ed its breath “.

“W fi y d w w r‘

” an grin “ W W Wmfi .

“W fi n ufi c fi é l

l tM Mfi doch - dnmn d'

W M mM -“ h is

W eep W'

Iu'

d.

Wmm amh rdmofi lms

The derivation, which hasbeenmuchdisputed ,seems iairlytraceable to the Teutonicmig .

little or few.

Wbcep, a sharp . shrill cry or

temptuous designation for sour.weah small bcerfi oldatapennyperqunrt orpintmnd dearat themoney ; vocalled, it is supposed.

fromitsacidity, causlng the person who swallows it, think ing itbetterthan it is, tomake akindofwhistling sound . expressive of

on the same principle as themodernword pennydreadful,"

applied to acertain descriptionofchapand efiensive literature .

Whecp seems to beakin tomop .

ashrill cry,and whoop . the cry

oi the curlew or plover.

Be’t whisky gill or pennyfl a) .

01 00 ] W w asl t newer fafig on drinking deep,To kittle up onr notion .

—Bmws TM1101} Fair.

Wheeple. the cheap er low eryofabird ; also,metaphorically,

the ineflectualattempt ofaman

Whid or whud. an untruth, afalsehood,alie ; usuallyappliedto adeparture fromveracitywhich is the result of sudden

invention orcnprice. rather than

Amusin 'mhil at times to vend,An

’

nail't wi'Scripture.

Bonus :M ad Dr. HM

In the first edltion of Burns

the word vhid did not appear.hut instead of it

Evenministers they hue bun kenn'

d.ln holymptun ,

Great lies and nonaenae h hh to vend.And nail‘t wi‘ Sa-ipture.

Wheericben or queen-km, aludicrous termapplied to chil

dren who are threatened withpun ishment. signifying the twosides of the breach or podex ,

the soft place appropriate for

skelping.

"Apparently de

rived fromthe Gaelic cam-r, tohumto cause pain.

This was ungrammatioah asBurns himself recognised it to

be.and amended the line hythemore emphatic formin which itnewappeam.The word d id seemin its

primarymeaninmto heappliedment. or to adeviation fromthe etraight line. l t isakin to

Jamiaon, to yed is to flh , to

is probahlyaurietyor hetm8

274 new .

gn phy of M and hn the lmmmmmmMarrow -“fi rm!

AlumMuichmidxin

‘

budat e’

en .

An’

w nin‘

pnn- SQM I-mlw m w themlyhm

wedding“ )

Connectcd with the iden of

rapidltyofmotion are thewordsMadmagust ofwind ;mahmz uhiddyw hift-unsteady, “ cadmium -now ;

ing. unstable . to who'

ddie, toand M . to adorn .

move n pkny ‘nd ughuy’ w These words are the roots of

twdder the thumbq ln nnglishmammal ian. The deri W WW

MMafnln hood, would signify

would nlsoapply in the sen'

ee of

O t what shc n n desin .

nees of spnce.

WW ,alic. Bailoy has" fl i& , rnany

l“

Dos ”The lAJt twoaylh bleeof wh y

Bumspcnh cf amoroas fl idc.mennh g. ”6100 03 3“mor n tbu l sbould ay rdaflu tq the “ W W W . “ O

«M ufi d a u? quotation fromthe “ li‘om

in George Heriot’s shop. The

roman tic connoction of idus betwemt tho

The etymologyof this word.which is peculiar to Scotland.is not to he found in any of the

current languages of Europe.

uigc,ajeweLaMm-m;

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m. or vww el , one who

In aSouth Seasong whioh appears in Allan Ramsay’

s“ Tea

Table Miscellany”occur the

l fye gang near the Sonth SeaHome, ‘

The etymology of all these

but does notmeet the neces

cious,as in the English phrase,an oily hypocrite, applied to aman with asmooth or specioustongue, which he uses to oajoleand deceive ,and bulaosh, in theaspirated form, unleash, afe llow.mthencewhillie-uwaaspecious,“ johns. 11W “

dual or thing of unusual sineakin w the h glish wl opperand

Me d i na.“ “ IM ' MM ‘wo

Wfu'

/pen I't rger.

tom sinnml ” - j oaMum'

s

Whatad au'oat l hae gottcn l

tion seems preterableas exprev

sire of adefinite idea, whilehanger sdmite ofamultiplicity

whenoe ttt'

n gn w oruim'dmr,asharp weapon for haste. The

word is sometimes writteuvhfitM and is so ussd in the k nglish poemof " Hudibras,

” andex plained by the commentatorsas ah a-germhasging sword.It 18 . 0f 00nme. open to donbt

whethervbimr isuot the same

W ear—Whisky. 2

for awhiageru which thoughsusceptibls of aGaelio inten

dagger, fromthe Flemishjean, the chase or hunt, and

two syllables , dobok. ahuntingknife or dagger, n jaeh - dolok or

joddeg. Butwhaher the Gaelicor the Flemish origin of the

word be correct, it is clear that

imaginary cutler, Jacques de

probably acorruption of the

A M ’

dmm. Theu

word is

mm, tosuort like ahorse,to ol in g ; French M ir, to

neigh.

An'

goblimwb 'mwrd thmgh the airWi

’mrld Ms (distorted faces or

Whippet -su pper, a con temptuous termforalittle, presumpairs of irnportanoe and talks

might be deduced fromthe

alacrity in snatching at amorto be fromthe Flemish trim,

tomove about rapidlyand rest

gabble, to be unnecessarily loquacious.

alooholic drink, of vvhich the

Whippert. hasty,miscible , impatient ; wltippert- libs, incliningto be ill - tempered without adequate provocation. Jamiesonthinks the root of whipped is

eitherthe Icelandic chops , light

ness, inconstancy,ortheEnglishwhip. He does not cite the

Flemish trip , to shake in the

balance , and snippets, tomovedo on the slightest emcess of

Thus snippets- tiles would signify

one easily provoked to lose the

He also cites fl ipper tactics,as silly samples about doinganything, and derives it fromthe French cpmtout,afterall.This derivation is worse than

dently fromthe Flemish root

the second, tootia, is not so

easily to beaccounted for.

Whish whist sileucemr to keepsilence ; whence the name of

the well - known game at cards .formerlycalled quadrille .

Haud yonr fi ish Gq eep silenon or

the same compleanent to brandy,when they call itmdc sic.

M m pimples PN ‘

andmodncesmany efiusions ofspirituous liquors ; fromlocket.asmall nail.

per. fiddler. “ Piper' ho Playedat penny weddings or other

social gatherlngs, and trustedfor his remuneration to the

generosity of the company. A isafargreater incentive to dewhistle is a somewhat irreveo votional teeling thanlant name ior apipe . or for mmed dngmg whichmusic generally,and binbi¢ ls abench, abunksr, or seat. It hna

otten

been supposed that these two gregation of old and youngwords were the etymologioal people who know nothing of

roots cf the phrasq but this

derivation is open to doubt. taught to sing in unison . A

UM the Gaelio for gentle or M -Mminlster is acono

himwas called the usssl wor

thaspitbet was tbenoe trsnsmwmmmwho -teppsd lato it after the

laird’

s departure. The lateDavid Robertson of Glasgowpublisbed. in 1847 and 1853, acollectiouof Scottish songs bythen living SOOttish poets under

this titlemt which the eontmtsproved what was previouslyknowmthat the genins cfScots o

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2 Whylock Widafir.

l eook hh bodyoumy b- ck .Andm’

laa n d Ial r- t.

A hdy, viaiting the poor, in the West

Port. Edinburgh, not far fromthe cburchest- blithed byDr. Chnlmen . ashed n poorwoman il' she cvermended divine n rvice

there. She replied.“Quay ! thm'

t n

man a'

d Chalmers preaches there, dM min to hw himdun to enoourmhim—pulr body l "—DuuR lumw.

Whylock, or a. wee adult , 3 littlewhile.

Wi‘ n blmh,u she been}! looltiu‘

roun‘

nn‘ma' for n “f lack—Nada4m

rim.

434V, crow -

grained, ill - temangrywithout cause.

Themillermstrnppin'

, themillermruddy

A bun lik'

ealord.udahue liltealady'

l‘

he lfi rdmaW '

fi k efi tknurLShe

’

s left the gude fcllow nnd talan the

—t us : N q o’mMill .

Hialed bythemenning ot o idc

da, the rope, orgnllown, Jumiecon saysM pmperly i ddiewho deserves to fill ahalter.

But ne amanmay be peevieh,moroee, irucible, contentious,and unrueonahle without deeerving the gnllo‘n , the ctymology is uot utixtnctory

b;The

true root eeemn to the

mw t. Wu’ddle ie fromthe fiwlic q M awheel.

Hd e be ymr humhale be your fiddle.To cheermthmgh thc ww y o c

‘w c

O'

vorldly cnm

and caddie), the gallows.

Themavillmwn ng thcm

The Frenoh have n similnr proverb—" l l ne taut pas parlor

pendn .

HeuM h . &mmm- fith in - ropeM i c.

. tmmn zmm

H e who'

s born to bc hnnp dwill nemhe drowmd ll t

'

smhughing to giruin n edd ys

It‘s ill tpe klng o

‘

the m’

dly ia the

home o' nman whomhawit.- Au.1mw w w

’

sM PM

wge Wilt.

Scotland the ropes used for

hanging those who had offended

the chief, or who had rendered

themselves amenable to the

death penalty, were formed of

My, orw€ddy,afterwards camemm3 ”per or,”am“

sion ofmeaning, the gallows.

English word in mock heroiccomposition, andmeans aman,

a fellow ; originally. a strongor braveman ,asturdy fellow .

The Dutch and Flemish v iolameansachild oralittle fellow.

Wight, in the epithet Wallacecaught,

”

given in Scottish poetryand tradition to the greatnational hero,means braveWal lace , and was a kind of

title of nob ilitybestowed on himforhisprowess,and the patrioticuse hemade of it.

A n euman neverwantedaweapon.

- Au.au Ramv.

W illem’

, to oajole, to flatter.Mb ly fromm’

lemy; frommmmw beguile .

wimin the English words be

nevoleut andmaleroleut . The

fromthe li'lemish goed walig ;and the latter bym in

which ill is substituted tcr the

rmwmmOn the

eame priuciple of formation ,%

ill oMebymischievous, both of

whichmight well become English if they found favour withauthors ofacknowledgedauthority.

Willieavinkie, atermof some

tirst syllable fromthe Englishwill . and the second fromtheAnglo

- Saxon seoe neg" , sick

fromthe indulgence of one’

s

own will . It seems rather to

be fromthe Gaelic m’le, all,totally;and ssog (shog), to swingfromside to side—whence ,metaphorically, one who is con

tinually at variance with his

former opinion ,and sways fromside to side.

W i lt to shrivel. or begin to

decay. ss a leaf or flower in

the eatreme heat or oold—not

en etlv a-ed in the nngliahsense of the word, inasmuoh asomwmmms

to adiminutive and not over

intelligen t child. The Jacobites of r688 to 17 15 longapplied it toWilliaml II. , whenthey did not call himthe

Dutchman ,

" “ the HoganMn .

gan ,

” “Willie the Wag,

"or

“WillieWanbeard.

” “ The LastWill and Testament of Willieiambic," is the title of aonce

popular Jacobite song.

Wilshoch . wulshoch, changeableof opinion or purpose,abashful

282

in America, where it is in ccmWard punned upon it, wheuhesaid to his lady love,

“Wiltthoul and Shem.

"

MisaAmy pinnedaflower to herhn ast,and when she died, she held the - IMfragments in her lunch—Juno‘

s Mar

q . though not admittedinto the Euglish dictionaries, “in local use inmany northern

and eastern counties, and is

which seems to have how the

original form; fromthe German , Dutch , and Flemish adka, to decay. to droop . Spenserused walk, in speaking of the

sunset, to describe the fadinglight of the day.

When ruddy Phoebus'

gins to u ll in

Wimple. to flow gently like abrook, tomeander, to purl.

to acqn ine ; but in the Scottishlanguage it hasmanyotherandmore ex tendedme nings, such

as to ruch, toattain, toarrive,

vent wmamwmm.

Wc’mfle Wt

'

nseme.

Winmd finc smn able to wisasd tim, is aman of suhstance

to lose without hurting himself,and to whomwinnings and

sequence.

W in n o ck, awindow corner ;

or bench at the window.

AM in theast,Where sat Auld N ick in shapao

‘

beasts w mmm.mmTo gic lhemmnaic was hiacham.

—Bum: TmJM

to got on ; to winm, to got

even to cajole ; tompat toovertakc or get hyn o fi n fi es.

to get loose ; towin han e, togethome ; to win ¢ to get omoraway, to beacqnitted on atrial ;tom's beumo beadmitted to thehouse ; to win up . to arise, or

camp

word is graduallymaking goodits claimtoaplace in recognisedEnglish . The etymolegy iaumdecided whether it be fromvis .

to gsin . or the Teutonic -awe,

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To ns-d e h whmu wm—“ fw

am : asAm w is o e who ismWittuinmaproof.

And th t was to be awv’

lmtue,

to doathin t oact on

knowledge ; towitter, to inform.andalso towognostioate.

Wod or wud. stn k xnad. ragingmad ; old Engfist ufi ,

sndmlh ; Dutch and Flemishwade ; GermanMY e hand astid h tbe nd m'

s e‘

e,

i e , yon hold astick in themad alan‘

smamm wmmM ontana—Jul ianna.

When nrebon ange ataplea,And iestu fl as wd un he,

Wouw Wooster.

'I'

hae's auld RabMoc-ris thatm in

The king o’

guid ‘cnowg and wale o'

- Bmtsa.Wanner. wonder ; applied in con .

tempt to any odd. decrepit. or

—Busrts : ThmDan .

Wont to be . aphrase applied to

orobeervancc athing thatusedto be orwas wont to be in olden

Manyml toM’

s, nae doubt,Au

'

customs we hen nought about.- Jastutsom: Th PW O

’

Poetics.

Wow - bah. It was formerly thecustomamong the youngmenand lads of the rural populationin the Highlands and Lowlandsof Scotland to wear bows of ribbons of fiannting colours in their

garters on high days and holi~days, when they ex pected tomeet the laueaand to dance or

Moir bn w than whon they’re fine .

Hearts lealan'warman'hind ;The lads sae u-ig wi

'

W Ms

Some unco blate,and some wi ‘ n bsGar lassos ‘

hearts gang startin’

.

—Buas s : [ Id le-aim.

Bab.“

says Dr. Adolphus

Burns,“seemsal: in to the Eng

lish bob. something that hangsso as to ploy loose. and is atassel er knot ot rihbouaor the

fringe of a frayed cuter garment,W ug or dangling looeein the wind.

towhich scme humoristaddedAs the Deil said when he shear’d the sow.

Wooster. awooer. a lover. s

Englhh wmd boh in this sense.is acorruption of the Gaelicbcb,afringe ; and bobog,alittlefringe . Perhaps the English

phrase.“tag, rag,and butts -

'

t.

is fromthe same source, and

Wool or oo’

. English ; fromtheGerman and Flemish wall in

Scottish parlance, oo'. A

'oo

‘

.

all wool ;ay. o

' as oo'

. yes, all one wool .There isapopularproverb whichformerly ran

hin h cryand little w’

,

adopted by the 9 009 16 though

some strict philologists remain of the Opinion that thefirst line is complete in itself,and that “

cry does not signifythenoise or uproar of the animal, but is acorruption either

of the Gaelicmid/t, or grs igh(pry), adock , aherd . orM 10,

which has the samemeaning,

and signifies alarge flock thatyields but little wool. How

ever thismay be, the ideainthe lengthened proverb has a

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288 Warh ead Wymvorflwy.

mishmil, to exchange.

Wud- ecud. awild scamper. apanic. called by the Americansadenpedc ; frmn u d,mad,andcoed . to run preoipitatelyand inconfusion. The word lawtimcsapplied toan oveb restive

or over- irolicsome boy or girl.

whomit is diflicult to keepquiet.

the English Hm,wild. reck

less. one who rides in hot haste ;fromthe Flemish isod e,GermanM old k nglish vodoandypur.

l t is diflicult to decide which oi

the two words was the originalepithet . and whether woodospur

in Scottish parlance was. orwasnot. an terior in usage to the

Wyg to wa’. A thing.

”says

Jamieson. " is said to gang traemtom’

. when it ismovedthe one wall ol ahouse to theother.

"He snggeets that nyg

really “ fromwall to wall. " i t

amisspelling of the Geeliom’y.acorner.

Dame ! deemverily ! Y e vatnav ia

Wyte. to blame , to reproaohThem h dai ved by

wilemw know. and the Gothio

M to impnte. But the root

of the word is the Flemish”M to blameJ o reproach.

Ane does tbe sh ith ,andm an ure - y".

toaoensofious orun lingman to be'md sundah lest she huuli

’

should hemdefined. )

This was an English word inthe time Of Chancer. but haslong been obsolete exoept in

Swtlsnd.

Yald Yanka. 2

spelle;

d yaw in Jamieson ),bio,and cm,an ankle.

BeingM and stout, be wbeel’

dabout,And clove his head in twain .

W . lamentation jam ,

to complain or lament jamm

Bide}: Y“.

Wemmw u‘

yim

In Lancashire and the North

lmcr'd to hear now how thinp

And the wormw b us in the

Connecticut, New Hampshire,mduaine the six NewEngland

Bow Yankies.

”But this can

not be accepted as the origin .

nent. Much controversy hasarisen on the subject. whichstill remains undecided. No

word has not been ascertained .

Jank(prononnoedyank) in Dutchand Flemish, signifies to cryoutlustily, and jamger. in German,

is ayoungman , the Englishmaker ; but neither of these

words can account for goal ie,either in the Scottish or American sense. Danish and Swedishafiord no clue. In provincialEnglish , you)“ are aspecies of

leath er gaiters worn byagricultural labourers. which, accord.

at the time of the emigration of

the first colonists toAmerioa. thetermsignified not only leathergaiterabutthosewhoworethem.

This epithet is often erroneouslyapplied in England to all Americans, though it is repudiatedby the people of the Middle,

aboriginal Indian tribes. on the

29 0

stroke ; w .

weekenand also agreat ialaehood ; yanking,active . pushing,

speculative . en terprising. It isnot insisted that this is the correot etymd ogmut it it be onlyation. No trne New Englanderwould dissent fromit for anyother than philologicalmsons,in which it is certainly vnlner

able, though onmoral groundsit isall but unassailable.

RighrMshe yoked to dte u- dy feut.And layaadateai

’

ull hail -hour st least.- Rou

’a”elem.

This word is probably derivediromthe Gaelio geb or gob. themouth—whenoe byextension oimeaning, an openmouth , craving to be filled. The English

themonth wide. is fromthe

dian, Phi1ip Kemble, alwayspronounod gaps as ye lp . not

M and the lato W. O . Macrudy followed his example.

Jamieson tnavd s very lar northto find the derivation in the loelandic gmvorax .

Ahbough hu wame was roomaad sbe

Yap York.

Ymaword still nsed bysailors .but oh olete in litmatmsigni

tying ready, alert, heedinl, orin a state ci rcadineu ; usedby Shab peare and the writers

li yoahnee oemdnn to use ue for yourmfi r flmact ivd eene a.

Semin thy pn pamions. for thy

W kM M M d- dlt

Thoir an e irs,”

payattention.

bo on tbealert ; be yml alliedto the French you ! and the

That e‘

er were pu'

d by hungrymns

Could ne'

er bemimed.By lairds like you. wi

‘ample lnms

in bankand ltist.- J/ums BALLA NT IN I : ToWM

JW H III.

New lull‘

s black tabled othmm'ead.The infernal graee was dulyaaidYapuood rbe hunmfiendsa‘

owre it.Their p imjamaching to devourir.

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29 2

fromthe Gaelic aoado ,aged or

old ; so that ”daddy, in con

tradiction to this day, or the

new day, would eignify the old

day. the daythat is past. Latin

ous for food . Oi doubtful etymology. though possibly fromthe Gaelicat). (to), to clam0ur.

Y ill. ale or beer.

A eosk p’

fi l!

- A cw s‘

Y ill , ry87 .

Y‘

u'dM or earthM astone

well sunken in the earth, or a

mu e he bean it hacksasd tean ,

T is formed o‘aamfbfi n fiint ;Nom d knifi gl bongh emsowighi ,Can bar in dn dly dim.

Levon - TMCm! s/ c dar.

Yellmr Yams.

dared, “Now, I

‘

ll tell Ma,

“ and roaredout,

“hianew brash weremade out o

’

theauld cunains ! ’

Y oak to looh to look at ; possibly iromthe German oug, the

Flemish cog. the Lntin ocular,tbe eye ; the English oyle, to

look at.

Yuk your w as [bovin e] . Look atyourwatch [or calcul i—Jameson .

Y ou. The use of youand taonfinthe sense of that. ismuohmorecommon in

'

Sootland than in

England as in the phrase .

" Do ye ken youman ! " do

you know thatman . It is alsoneed for yonder ; as , you hill ,ioryonder hill. It is sometimespronounced and written than ;as in tbe tollow'ing anecdote of

awilful ohild. narrated byDean

To Narowey, to Norroway,To Norroway o

'

er the faern,The king

’s daughter 0

’

Norroway.

An‘

eee ye be weelyom,

For hlaw it weet, or blaw it sleet,Ourgude ship sails themorn.

Mr. Robert Chambers, in hisCollection of Scots Ballads,189 9 , prints thorn instead of

yams,without note orcomment,or apparent knowledge of the

Y ouk or yeuh to itch ; yowky,itchy. Fromthe Teutonic

Yourneck'

sM-ia' foraSL johnstone

(A taun t, implying thataman '

s

careerand character is such astomerit hanging, and that heis nearly ready for it. St.

Johnstone, now Perth,was the

How daddie Burke the pleawas cookin'

,

“Warren Hastinp’

nech wasyrukiw.

—Bms : TsaCauIc-uambaPn

- Buaxs : To Cebu l l c i ‘mar.

A parishiooer in an Ayrshire village,

after loagahaence on aceount ofl ll health,commuted himon his convalescenoe,mdad tid paq the plmn he

would have in hearhig himpeeaeham“ Bh,air i l

‘munooyacb fuo hearableud

bably formed fromthe yowliagor calling out. " Was it not

Ca' rhemto the lmowes fltills),Ca’

themwhere rhe hemher grows,Ca

'

themwhere the burnie towns ,My bonnie dearie.

- Bon caAn

'

neistmym. silly thing,Gude keep her frae atether string .

—Suass : PmN ews.

Yowi’, to strike hard and sud

denly, as the ball is struck at

tion ofW is gowf,and youj iaprobably,as Jamieson alleges, acorruption of that word.

O n Athol’

s bueaoryaider strand,The hlood o

‘

a‘

his savage handHad dyed the German Sea,man .

An‘

coasin Geordie up the p te

We wad haeyoq f d fiu Charlie'asear,Aod sent himhame to bide hutate,

feeblemanner; said of adog

«was. proud . haughty. arrogant, and given to the police

derisively by the b lackguardsof the streets when, as theythought. they were interferedwith unnecessarily. or ordered

tomove on ? Or itmaybe fromW . theM ob joh

'

, pretty or

ly. as in the phrase, my fine

fellow.

29 4 YowI Yum.

who is not very eamcst in his been suggested ss the true rootoftheword ;wbile iqd,guidanoe .

M'Wmmf'mmm”

LWM Md“ J

on that day the assembledDruids, in their groves or in

Y owh tobcwk erwhins nsadeg ;

the Gselic gufl o t o hmeat.Whue theyat sx theirmw .

And crept to fl enrie‘

s fut.

tival in honour of th ermoele

bratedat the winter solsttoain

tian era.

04 all heat and life upon this

globe ; fromm1e,all. the whole.whence, by extension ofmean» Dumcmymm'hmtoming. the whole yummdmg gg On blytheys k nlghc en wemfu

I wemcall 01 l l —Boms : 0mucn y.

and 'hich in early tlmes aignifled completion , the full turnmmrev m t mema.M outdfi l ,awheel, hu nh o - mmy smmm

rules fmtbe gnidsnce of the

people during the ooming year.

[ fl owchaor the guide of nighhmaname applied by Ossianto the Polsr star. The French

noelhand old English w .

names ior Christmas or Yule

are fromthe Gaelic mon k.holy,and la. aday. Jemieeon .

in citing the ncrthern appenstion fcr Odin as a-Js in

error in translating it as thefather ed Yfl e hristmaaetud e! “All- Father.” or iatherof all . which was an epithet

applied tc the snnas the F‘athee

oi Light and Life.

langu h fl yw thmM - Amx

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D icfiomry o/ Lowland Smk lt.

their own ; and that is all that can be aaid of them. Oman,tain within themaelves such immen se resoumes, and are so

con tinually evolving out of their rich internal resourees suchnew wmpoundaif notmch new wordaas to free themfromto the other great tongues which we have enumerated. But

English—which, tahen all in all,may be eonsidered by iarthe richest, though not themost beautiful or themost somorous, of all the languages spoken in cor day—is yet in itsvigorous prime,and, though itmay be accused of vulgarmsymptoms of decay. It is doubtful whether it has yet reachedthe fullmaturityof its growth, or whether themightynationsnow ex istent in Ameriea, or the asmighty nstions which aredestined yet to arise in Australiaand New Z ealand, will not,as time rolls on,and new wants are created, new circumstaneesencountered, and new ideas evolved out ot

'

the prcgress of

our already cepious vocabulary . Other languages are daintyin thematerials of their increment ; but the English is likeman himself, omnivorous. Nothing comesmuch amiss to itsits wants . It bomwg it stealait assimilates what words itpleases fxomall the pointe of the compasaandasks no quescircumstancesmore tersely andmore accurately than anyotthe old words besides which they are invited to take their

itatrongand wholeeomc food, in the shape of

wordawhich it is not likely to part with. But

is thus porpetually gwwmg'

end gairxing, it isat

Lost Palen '

les. 2

the B ible,and for Chaucer, Gower, and the poets of the Elizabethan age, it would have lost stillmore than it has of its

early treasures, and would have been Latim'sed to an ex tent

that would have impaired and emasculated it, by depriving itof that sturdy vernacular which is the richest elemen t in itsblood, and best serves to build up its bone andmuscle . If

few languages now spoken in the world have gained somuchas the English fromthe progress of civilisation , itmust beadmitted, at the same time, that few have lost somuch, andlost it without necessity . It has been said that agood car

penter is kn own asmuch by the shape as by the quan tity ofhis chips ; and the chips that the English ton gue has thrownofl

'

since the days of “Piers Ploughman ”to our own , betoken ,

both by quality and by quan tity, whataplethoraof wealth itpossesses,and what avery cunning carpen ter Time has provedin working with such abundantmaterials.

It is one of the current assertions which, once started on

high authority, are very rarely questioned, that the writingsof Chaucerare a“well of pure English undefiled. Chaucer,though so ancien t in our eyes, was aneologist in his own day,and strove rather to increase the wealth of the written English,of which he was so great amaster, by the introduction of

words fromthe Norman - French, little understood by the bulkof the people, though familiar enough to the aristocracy, forwhomhemainly wrote, than to fix in his pages for ever thestrong simple words of his native Saxon . The streamof English in his writings runs pure and cool ; the streamof Norman~Fre nch runs pure and bright also ; but the two currents thathe introduced in to his song never thoroughly in termingled inthe language,andat least n ine- ten ths of the elegant Gallicismsand few oi themhave remained except in the earlier poms

of Milton. If we really wish tc discover the true well of

Englishundefiled where the streamruns clearandunmix ed,we

29 mmo/ Lomnd sms.

must look to the Soottish author of “ The K ing's Quair

" and

the tutor of King James the Six th Of Scotland and the fimof Engh nd to have bemaSeotamamrather than to Chaneer.

We shall there iind alarge vocabular-yof strong wox'dasuch

as are plain to allmen 's eomprehmsion at the pmaen t day,

in the B ible as weIl as in the eommon speech of the peasantry ;and,above al l, in that ancient formof the English languagewhich is known as the Seottish dialect,and which, in reality,is the oldest English now spoken .

Sinoe the days of “ Piers Ploughman , awcn'lt in valuable

of the peaeantry has undergone but few changes asmgardswords, but verymany changes asmgards terminations andinflections. On the other hand, the language of literature

and polite society has undergone changes so vast that oneda»

osted people are scarcely able to understand the phrasoologythat occurs in themasterpieces of our gmat autbmor the

Sunday sermons of their pastoradelivered, u the saying ia,above their heads,

”in words that are rarely or never em

ployed in their everydayhearing. Among this class survivelarge nmnbers of verbs as well as of inflections that oughtmver to bave been allowed to dmp out of litmtmtmdwhich it only needs the efiorts of afew great writemandorators to rmtore to their original favour.

languages havemdagone amfitwg the loss of the plumlain aand in emmd the substitution of the pluml in s ; secondly, the

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3 D t'

cttbmry of Lowland Scok h.

by our forefathers, agracemuch needed would have been

retained in the language.

Gradually, too, the English language has loet the large number of diminutives which it formerly poesweei and which arestill common in the Soottish language and its dialects . The

English diminutives in ordinary use in the nursery aremany,but are chiefly employed in the pet names of children, as‘Willie,

’for little William; ‘ Annie,’ for little Ann ; and so

we write ‘ darling,’ for little dear ; ‘ lordling,’ for asmall lord ;‘mann ikin,’ foravery smallman ; and such words as ‘

gos

ling,’ ‘ duckling,’ ‘ kitten ,

’we have pretty nearly exhausted

the list . But formerly almost everymon osyllabic noun had

its lawful diminutive, as it has to this day in the Scottishdialect,where such wordsas ‘ housie,’ ‘ wifie,

’ ‘ birdie,’ ‘ doggie,’

hairnie,’ mannie,’ ‘ bookie,’ ‘ lassie,

’ ‘ lammie,’and hundredsof others, are constantly employed. Every Scotsman understands the phrase “abonn ie wee Isaiah '

s,”in which there are

no less than three diminutives piled one upon the other, to

increase the tenderness of an expmsion whioh ccassd to be

English four hundred years ago.

Among other lomes of the English fromwhich the Scottishlanguage has not sufi

'

ered to the same extent are the plural inmof the present tenses of all the verbs. We loves and we

many poetic elegancies that themodern forms in English do

The peraons plural, observes Ben Jonaon , aSootsman, inhis “ English Grammar '—awork by nomeams so well known

Lost P reten'

les .

opin ion) I ampersuaded that the lack thereof,well considered,will be foundagreat blemish to our tongue. ”But of all the losses which the language has sustained, not

alone for poetry, but for oratory, that ofmany useful verbs,some of which are still ex isting in Scottish parlance, andof the ancient preterites and past participles ofmany old verbsof which the infinitives and present tenses still hold theirplaces, is themost to be deplored. This loss began early ;and that the process is still in Operation in the presen t day,ismanifest fromthe fact thatmany preterites written in

the best books and spoken in the best society forty years ago,dropping out of use before our eyes . We constantly find

bid for bade—‘ he bidsme now ;’ ‘ he bidme yesterday ; ’

dare

for den t- J I told himI dare not do it need for needed it

was clear tome ayearago that he ased not performhis promiss eat for ate or d t he eat hisM et ; bet for batted‘ he betme athousand to one.

’The verbs to let, to coal , and

to put, seemto have en joyed no preterite during the last twohundred years in England, though in Scottish literature, bothof the past and the presen t, their preterites are as commonas their infin itives and present tenses. Must, iniEuglish, isequally devoid of the infinitive, the preterite, and the future ;while can has apreterite, but neither infin itive nor future .

For whatmous these and similar losses have occurred inEnglisht itmight be in teresting to inquire, though itmightpossibly lead us intometaphysicalmazes were we to ask whyan Englishman whomay say I can ’and ‘ I could,’must not

say‘ I will can,’ butmust resort to the periphrase of ‘ I will

be able,’ to ex press power in futurity ; or why the sense of

pmsent duty and obligation implied in the words ‘ Imust,’cannot be ex pressed by the same verb if the duty be bygone or

be translated,as it were, in to

‘ I was obliged,’ or‘ I will be obl iged,

’to do

M i l o

M t w M - fl u m fl b

W and fi d mh d b yk fiml- tau

d ud - t w i that of tbe n n yM - id fl

d mu mfl hmfl dmMmmmMm- fl M m h-n h‘at m Mmmh - Mw ths hmn d litcmw mthemo‘ wBou n d thomeh of fi r Walter Seott. The-awought not to ho lol t—thsymaot dead bnt aleapiag—ondd y naed ths fod sringmof tvo or thue writmandmammm mum M fume-lthe bonoand pith of the h ngmgs of our foreh thoq aad theheanty and stungth d the B ible inmy of iu nohlest

pan gs , and particularly commend themselves to n- in

An to inquin . This was the original and is the legitimmformof themb now written and promunced afi and it is

not onlyto be heard in colloquial use all over the British Isles,but to be found in

l l how afish.

Au not why.

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3 Drd rbnary of LowIaad Scolch.

Grey Never waashe soanimateh never had she boamdthat her pulse beatmoremelodiousmusiq or her lively blood

dancedamore healthfulmeasure.

”If ‘ danccd ’

(aprfi erite),why not bett,as

“ Piers Ploughman ”has it i The following

recen t eM ple of the present for the past participle beaten,is whollyunjustifiable

They were stoned, and tbe horsc in tbeir vehicle beu sem'cly.

W h r fl ogorim, l faroh l 869 .

Botide, botid, fromtide, to happen. The preterite is lost.l t oocurs both in “ Piers Ploughman ”and in Chaucer

Thee should never have tiddc so fairagrace.

Bid, and its derivative forbid. The ancient preterite and

andforbz‘

dden . Both of these inflections are threatened withextinction ;—for what offence it is impossible to surmise.

The verymoment that he bodeme do it .

That ourmodern writers do not follow the example of Shakspeamand conformto the rules of good English,mayappearfromthe following examplesTbe competition is so sharp and general that the leader of to-dayun

never be sure that he will not b e Wmm—QM M ,

Apnl x868.

Mr. Charles Dickens has finally

Uncertain even at that epooh (mammmm—mawuwm.

Lost Pretm'

les .

perly preserved by the posts, but seems to have en tirely givenway in prose and in ordinary speech to ‘ blended.

’

Any

reason for the change it is impossible to discover ; for if it becorrect to say

‘ blended,’ it would be equally correct to sayspended,

’lended,

’or rended.

’This formof the pre terite in

the verb tomend has properly been superseded by mended,’in order to avoid the confusion that would be caused in the

use of the verb ‘ tomean ,

’

which has its proper preterite in‘meant. ’ Byron uses blast with fine effect in his noble lineson The Battle of Waterloo

Riderand horse, friend, foe , in one red burial 61m.

Bl ln, to cease, to stop ; blan, ceased, stopped.

And so he did or that thcywentatwinTill he had tumed himhe oould not blm.

—Cuauom: TheM ad Yemen's Tole .

Her tears did neverMia.

One while then the page he went,Anotherwhile he ranne ,

Till he‘

d o'

ertaken King Estmere,I wis he neverNew .

—Pl aor's Rd iqmK ing BumBren or brend, brent or brand, to burn . This verb is lost,

though itmight well have been retained in the language.

“ A brand plucked fromthe burning," and bran new,or brunt

new, newas acoin newly issued fromthe fin e of themint,are

And blow it till it bmd .

Da'

dr'

onary of Loo nd Scokh.

Themes -mote Cloudesleewith his bm,His buckler he bn d in two.

of“: amt. «aWillian e czema.

mmw adormtc dmtomake ready; fromtheGaelic bncg, to dress ; busyndh,ahead-dress,an ornament .

M yamymerrymen all.—Pn cr

’sM-

°

qm: Robin Eood cad G- yoj 0m

The king's bowmw buhed thsmblytbe .

—Adan BethayaofW OM Md Wing'

s- o]

Tho noble baron whet his courage hot.And buah d himboldly to the dreadful dght.M yabuak yamy bmn iabonnie bride.

A bomie bride iu oonM it

M to throw. This verb in Euglish has lost its pMuite

and the North of England.

—Al £adn lsyqfl h Scottishm.

Burns employs the preterito in “ The Deathand Dyingof PoorMailie

AsMailieand her- lamb thegither,Wereae daynlbbling on the tether,Upon hor clootahe cood ahltoh.

Andagain in his immortal song of “ Duncan

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3 Dictionary of Lowland Scotch .

supposed to be an Americanism. It has unfortunately fix ed

itself into our literature ; but the original andmuch betterword damand its derivatives still hold their ground in Lance»shire and the N orth of England. Theword elemdoes not occurin Shakspeare, but both Ben Jonson andMassinger use it.Hard is tbe choice when the valiantmust eat theirarms or olcn

—BrmJonson : EveryAlan out (WmHumour.

l oannaeat stones and turfs. What ! will he elmme andmy followers ? Ask him, will he elmme l—BxaJonson : The Pow der .

My entrails were alarmed with aperpetual fast - Maestro“ : N e

RomaActor.

.

Let us all clsm,” said aspeaker at apuhlicmeeting atManchester

,during the American civil war, “

rather than helpthe cause of slavery “ I would rather elemthan go to the

workhouse,

”is still acommon and honourable erprmion in

Lancashire .

Olepe, clcpt, yclept, to call, to name. 'fl ie past participle

of this verb remams for the use of bad wfi teraand sometimesof good writers who composemock heroics.

The oompaignie of comfort.Men doped it some tyn e.

Pen dventure in thilk large book

With stars.

They dcpcus drunkards.

As boundsand greyhounds .mongrels , cpaniels, curs,All by the name of dogs .

Mr. Halliwell, in his “Archaic

clep e or call the sides at agame. Manynewspaper writers atthe pxesentday,ataloss ioraword for

‘calling

’

or‘naming ’an

inanimate object, tallrof the ‘christening

’ofachurch,astreet,

abattle, or any inanimate object. An example occurs in aneditorial article of the Times, on the removing of the gratingfromthe ladies’ gallery in the House of Commons the

grate question,’asMr. Lowe christened it.

” In this and otherinstances the old word claps, in default of ‘ call ’

or‘name,’

would be an improvement,if it were possible to revive it.

Clip, clap, clippe, to embrace, to fondle Before the Baglish language borrowed fromthe French the word ‘

embrace,’fromembrasser, to clasp in the arms, this verb was in constantuse. It occurs in “ Piers Ploughman ,” and in Chaucer, andhad not fallen out of fashion or favour in the days of Shakspeare

Cl ip” we in covenant,and each ofus d imother.

He kisseth her snd clippak her full oft.

—Omvm: The Almiumt’c Talc.Worse than Tantalus is herannoy.To clip Elysiumand yet lack her joy.

4 mm : Venus and Adon is.

Then embraces his son . and then again he worries his daughterwith

Oh letme d ip ye in armsas round as when l woo’d l

The lusty vine . not jealous of the ivy,

Because she clips the elm.—Buux osr umFarmers.

The preterite, once common , survives to this day in the

iormofan infin itive and ofanoun, but in both too ofl'

ensive

tomodesty te be furthermentioned.

M ary a/ W W .

“t eq u ila-lang uid”

Connemmto be ablc. Neithcr the infinitive nor the

shall not he ahle to answsr ; and in the “ Romnnce of the

Mmmmwshfivel fiemhea t Mdchm’

lh is verh with all its declensimuhas pefi shei and only

survimin iadiminufivq to criuklc. In this lsst formit israther of themiddle ages than of onr own . See the ballad

of the “ Boyand the

Out. This verb never appears to have had apreterita,though apast participle yl

- ifl or yh lt is cited in l l erbcrt

Oolmidge’s vocabnln yof the “01destWords in the & fi sh

Language.

" Whence or when the wordmintroduced into

It h neither defimd fmmthe Teuwt he i h-

ench, the

Ouch nor the h timmd is thmforaby the exhaustive pmcecalupposed by themost recent compilers of dictionaries tohave

it wmrs in the hmah cauteamakniie

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Neither hermaidens nor the priest dcn speak to her for hslfan hour

[den t speak to her. t e l - Remnan t (Ac Wok , by the Ru . 03amKmosur.

The Government da-d durstl not consent to themeeting belng held .

No one can feel anything but contempt for aGovernment whichmeanlyattemputo gainacheap reputation for firmness byfulminationswhich itdan [dares] notoarryout ; and byprohib itingmeetingswhich itdone [dares] not- prevent.—Londonmorning paperon theHyde Park riots.

There is no reason why this verb should be deprived of itsdeclensions,and no careful writer ought to fall into the errorsjust cited.

Doom, to judge. This word, which now signifies ‘ to think’

rather than ‘ to judge,’ and which has lost its old preteritedoors, formerly implied the delivery of adoom, sentence, or

judgment. Chaucer calls ajudge adoomma; and in the

Isle ofMan the judge is still called them" or dcsmsw'.

use the old preteri te doom, which seems to have per'mhed

before his time g but in the “Franklein’

s Prologue" uses the

substantive doomin the sense of an opin ion or aprivatejudgment

As tomy doom. there ismore tbat is hereOf eloquence that ahall be thy peer,If that thoulive.

Out of the lost preterite the English writers of three centuries

ago formed anew verb, to doom, with s regular preterite,

d adolvadohmw dig, tomakeatrsnch

Lost Prescrib e. 3

Scotland and some of the northern coun ties ; but the old

preterite and past participle are lost. They have found asubstitute in the regular declension delved . The old preterite

fromthe distich of John Ball the priest, the friend andcoadjutor of Wat Tyler in the rebellion of 138 :

When Adamdelved and Eve span,Who was then the gentleman ?

Chaucer used the participle, “ I would be dolven [buried]deep ;

” and in the “Romance of Merlin,” aman who was tobe buried alive is described as to “ be dolsen quick.

" “ Piers

Ploughman ”has,

“ They delves with spades and shovels todrive away hunger. Keats, inmoremodern times, employsc1d

O h foradraught of vintage that hath beenCooled alongage in the deep dctved earth !

I f he had said deep delves instead of deep delved, he wouldhave had high authority, and would have greatly improvedthe statelymarch andmusic of his verse.

B ight, dighted, to prepare, to put in order, to deck , to attire ,to wipe away. This useful word ofmanymeanings is all butobsolete in English literature, but survives in Scottish. The

preteri te has long been lost. An offshoot of this word in theformofmisdight (misprepared) occurs in Jack Miller’s song,quoted by Stowe in his account of Wat Tyler’

s rebellionIfmight00 before right,

SpencermdMilton both attempted to revive (fight, but with

onlyparfial sucoess z o

Daub- 0 7 4 W “ .

mu h flmh am,

The oloode in thou- ndmmRM

ln flcottiehmin ce d-9Mdoes constant service The lan ie

W ham’befmw ingakh andmha een afm

before going to kirk ;md the wife d£9 hb the dinner for herhusband.

And go wlthmemd hemydn r.

mmmmdmwmih hmw beat domThe inflnitive and preeent tenseo

f this verbmstill collo

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316 mmqmw sm.

which it has no connection .

“ I do as well as I dov l ”“ I do as well as I can "—is acommon phrase in the Nor-th :

and the super- eminentlyEngliah but pleonaatic inquiry, “ How

doyoudo l"—whichmeans “ How doyoudow l

"

prosper, or get on—hn come to be acoeptedaaaccurate Eng

momacutagiveaone of itsmuninga‘ w thrive,’ ‘ tomcodin health ;

’ and Mr. Thomas Wright, in his “ ProvincialDictionary,

”follows in tbe same track as regards its use in

Engliah literature, though he doee not eeemto bemre of ite

langmay'st thouliveand thriveaud dw l

And Burns says to Gavin Hamilton,When l domyoke analg,The lmd be thankie l can beg l

his eulogy of facta,Burns speah of“ they downa be disputed. Rose, in his “ Heleuore,

”has

When he dow do nae mair,”—aphrase that shows the

strong,able—aderivation which up to the pmaent time seemsto bave escaped the notice ol

'

all the Engliah lex ioographm

torite and past participle drcadcd have

But what didmc. poorwretch. betida

M dmwmamy, w

Lost P rettn '

les .

Thus dm'nalt he till he be dend .

It devised for eld.

Bacchus hates repin ing ;Venus loves no (turning.

—Au.as Rana“ .

Pang, fang, fans, to seiz e, to lay hold of. Most peopleremember the old law phrase, “ in/ dag thief and outfangthief,” the one signifying athief taken within the jurisdictionof afeudal lord,and the other athief taken without his jurisdiction . This is the on ly remnant of this verb that has comedown to our time ex cept the substantive fang, the large toothofabeast of prey or of aserpent ; the dimi nutive jungle, totake hold of anew fancy or fashion and the common phrasenew-faagled. In Scotland it is sometimcs said when the well

does not readily yield the waterafter repeated strokes of thepump, that the pump has lost its fang o’ the water.

I noldfangafarthing (I would not take afarthing).

B efoag his foeman bythe flank,And (lung himon the floor.

—Bucnas '

s N ov-diamBallads.Pare, foor, fore, furs, fared, to travel . This verb is not

wholly obsolete, though its preterite is lost. It has come tosignify to eat and drink as well as to travel and also thatwhich is eaten or drunk . It is doubtful whether our beautifulword ‘ farewell 'means “may you travel well through life,”or

“may you be well treated by the world.

” A wayfaringman is still acommon expression .

‘ Auldfamnd,’

travellingon the old ways, old~fashioned, is intelligible to the people on

the north of the Tweed. The preterite occurs sevecal timesin the “ Vision of Piers Ploughman .

"

318 Dictionary of Lowland Scolds.

Her errand led her through the glen to fore—Roas’

s EdamAs o

'

er themoor thcy lightlyfour,A burn was olear,aglen was greenUp the banks they eased their shauks.

—Bcass .

Writers and speakers still say,“ l forego the pleasure, but use a

roundabout formof expression rather than say, “ l formst the

pleasure .

" And why‘

l M in n iegitimate awmd as fmaud should not be aBowed to beoome obeoleta—LM BM QIW

Forswink , fmnk , to be worn outwith overmuch toil.She ismygoddees plain,And l her shepherd swain .

Albeitfimuahand forswat l am.M z fl epl crd

'

s chkador.

MM M to devour or eat up ; fromthe French[ R e un it were amoth fiufiag agarment—Psamm, 00m

Prayer.Adamfuet of that frnit,

He tthe dragon ) haajn ttmof folkmore than five hundred - l of t:

JAM .

-

, to ruh

findaplaoe.

Stand l stan i thouGreek l thouartagoodlymrk lNo l wilt thounot f l iihe thyatmourwel l.

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3 Diab etic; of Lowland Scolds.

K en ye what neg o‘

themill hae gomm!She

'

s gotten alout v i’alump 0

'siller.

And broken the heart 0' the barleymiller.

There is also amarked tendencyto the disuse of this inflectienin the verb ‘ to forget,’ and people too common ly say andwrite I have forgot,” instmd offoryoften .

Glide, glode, glidden , tomove away easily and smoothly .

Theancient preterite and past participle have become obsolete,and have been superseded by glided,much to the loss of versi~tiers in search of good rhymes .

His good stede heall bestrode .And forth upon his way he glodc.

He glodc forth asan adder doth

Through Guy’s shield it giade.

—Guyof WW

The reason of the substitution of the regular for the irreguo

lar preterite may be found in the desire to preventwith the regular preterite of the verb to glow.

’

Glint, glemt, glinted, to shina, to flash, to appearIn Sternberg’s Northampton shine Glossary

Lost Pieter-flee.

Gauld blew the bitter biting north

Upon thy early humble birth .

Y et cheerfully thougums forthAmid the storm.

—Bms : ToaMountainThere cameahand withouten rest

Out of the water.And brandished it.

Anon as agleamaway it glcnt.

Gnaw,gnaw, gnawed, to bite at ahard substance. The

old preterite is lost, doubtless on account of its identity inpronunciation with the more familiar word ‘ knew,

’the

preterite of know,

’aword of differentmean ing.

Till with the grips he was baith black and blue.At last in twathe dowlc ropee he ylmo.

—Boss's Helena-e.

No sustenance get ,But onlyat the could hill

'

s berries gnaw.

Go,gaed, gone, to depart. The ancient and legitimate

preterite of this verb has been superseded by the preteriteof the verb to ‘wend,

’to turn away. Itmaintains

its ground, however. in Scotland and the northern Englishcounties. Chaucer has gadlin g,’ for avagabond, awanderer

to ‘

gad,’to wander or stray about,making short visits .

I gord awaefu'

gate yestreen .

—Bcsrrs.

Grahmhmbmw dig ug to seine. This verb, in all

vulgar, but, likemany other vu1gar words,has a highly

respectable origin . Grab, in its first sense, means to dig

322 Dictionary of Lowland Scotch.

as roots for human subsistence, whence itsmodern and slangsignification, “foodf

LiteraryGazette of March 30, 1860, called apost to accoun tfor using such an unpermissible word as w ith, cf which be

it in Chaucer, in Worcester’

s Dictionary, and in R obertBurns

Her son GalathinShemalted in attire fine.

ArthurandumUnto the Jewes such ahate had he,That he bademwl his chair full hastilie.Go warnme Perthshireand Angus baith,

M ofw oml lw .

declensions, has lost its place in English literature, thoughthe word greet remains with adifl'

erentmeaning, ‘ to salute.

’

Like other strong indigenous words whichmodern Eagle!) hasunnecessarilydiscarded, it is retained in Scotland. It acemato have been lost even in

entirely in themodel 'n sense cf ‘ to salute .

’Piers

And then'

gan Gloton toMAnd great dool tomakc.

It’s asad time, says an old Scottish prcvutb, “

crow and beardedmen grest. Anotherbaims shon ld greet than burdedmen .

"

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324 D z’

cnbmiy o/ Lowland Scotcb .

Shakapeue uses hentas asubstantivc to signifyapurpcse, “

mines not to kill the kingat his prayersNo !

U p, sword ! and know than amore horrid haulWhen he is drunh asleepmr in his rage .

Hit, hst, hitten, to strike, to touch violentlywith ablew .

vives in the colloquial language of the peasantry.

Your honour's hides the nail upon the had.

The Americans, in default of the old preterite hat, occasion~ally say hot—as,

“ He hotme ahcavy blow ; he hot out righ tand left.

Hold, held, holden, to have, grasp, or retain in

The past participle is obsolete, butmightrevived for the sake of the rhyme which itaflords toembolden,’ b e.

K eck , hooked, to poop, to look in slily.

The robin came to the wren'

s nest,

And keeb d in and loeebed in .

This Nichclns sat even gape upright.As he had laab d on the newmoome.

Stan dinnabeek inAnd seeme wi’ h ry.

Kythe, kcuth or couth, to

£ 0.9l a

but survives in Sootlaad. The sole remnant of it in EnglishismMofiginaHymeaning scmething unh cwmunheardof, strange, and nowmeaning rough or ungainly. Milton

Bound on avoyagematk,

unknown . The Scotch have the word coat/us,or well knom

,

And to the people’

s emall and semeWas oouk thatanewmarkissesselie with himbrought in such pomp. and richenesThat neverwas there seen withmanne's eye.

K ytluin yourain colours, that folkmay kaen yca—Amrt Ransar's

—Bssss.

cipic of this verb have been superseded by themodern preteritein ed.

Then b ugh there alord,And By this lighte

”snide,

“ I hold it rightand rescn.

"

He cb ped it Valerieand Thcophrut,

m : The WifcvM '

c Prologue.

When ahe had readWiseWilliam’s letter,Stan fiedand shc lmdul thinkmtsafl he halfiinsuid andm

Dr'

cn'

osary o/ Lo‘

wland k h.

Bom mM at hi-M

An’

ilh an t imto scorn .

—ldc

Up he lopeand the window broke,—Paacr‘

s Rdr‘

qua: Thearmojae K ing ri ses“.

—Wsuos ’sm

loot, lstten, looten, to lot, tolost all its inflections in literaryand colloquialpreserves themin the Scottish dialect.

But lamhimlode forth whomhymliked.

Andaye she lost the tears down ta’

Ye've lost the penis o‘er the dybe.

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328 Dc’

dr'

omuy of LoagIand Scott/r.

Commmded he to loat.

And l amloated byatraitcr villain.

the genuinen ess ofmetals before coinage.

Min ing's notmaking (attempting’s not doing).

amuumempwdjmm

as an adjective ; the infinitive is lost.

Come, be ready lmuycur swords.

Think of yourwrongs l

He pipkt hirn cn the pomel of his head,That in the place he layas he were dead.

Stowe, however, atalater

Lost Premier. 3

Some prank their rufis,and others trimly dightTheir gayattire.

False talesmah in rw on’

s garb .

Host goddess-mew up.

Put pat or pigbt, putten or pitten, to place. Themodernverb has lost the preteriteand past part iciple

I there wi’ something did forgether,That patme in an eerie swither.

Y e see how Rob and Jenny's gone sin'

they

Ha’e pines o’

er their heads themerryday.

—Ross's Helena" .

He's puma it to agood purpose, has Brighouse .

—ThcMaster ofMarl on : London , 1664 .

Quake, quake, to tremble with fear.An ugly pit ,as deep as anyhell ,

That to behold therein l qsohc for tar.

The whclc land of i taly trembledand qaoba—Doueus : q mdmid.

Quethcorwreath, quoth, to say. The infin itive of this verb

in writings that do not aspire to eloquence or dignity, as‘qwoth he,

’ ‘

qwoth I.

’Bequeatlr, tomy in your will what

Md ympmp fl yymheh smb p tmsmnm h

aremnant oi thisanciw t vsrb.

3 D t'

ctz'

onary q owIand Scotck.

mamammw smmh.

He rcugh to the steerfl he rcached to the hehn).

The villain is o'er-mug“ofallmymoney.

ls thisatimc to talk of wark.When Colin '

sat the door lRu don my cloah i’ll to the quay.And see himcomeashore.

Ropen and laideaway the come.

—Cu scu z Legendre/ Good

After the corn is rspt.—Nam

mmmmmarwmmlf he resrdhme by night,

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t bnavy o/ Lowb nd Scoldr.

The steward on his knees sat dowuWith the empsror for tom

—Rosrcnce ofarw de fim.

But if it like youthat lmigbtmmin your ear.

Themind I swayby,and the hearte ar.Shall neveranywith doubt or shake with fear.

M ullah /n.

That itmaynotany fromthe intention of the founders.—a ‘

s Wow “ .

Fromthe lost preterite sog ccmes the adjective sogyy, oiten

used by tbe Americans to sign ifywet boggy soil that yields to

Scathe or skaith, to do an injury or damage. Shah pcnre

W the iorcst eah .

The substantive soothe or shaith, signifiying hurt, damage,andin jury, survives in Scottish speech and literature,and is not

modern writers.

Oh ! if onmy bosomlying.

ln one burst of burning paasicn,l would kiss himunto deatb l

Seethac scddsn to boil.

Lost P rekn'

b s. 3

And be said unw his semt Set cn thagreat potandmpottagefor the sons cf the prepheta—z c s iv. 38.

00 such the subtle blood o’ih

'

grapeTill the high feversealwyour blood to froth .

—Ssaasruas : Timon of Aiken .

Mustanes in butter Jhe brewwill be good—Ammmr’sm

It is unsavoryaY - rodden ory- baken

Shapashopashopemtomake, to create, to put into form.

This verb has wholly lost its originalmeaning in the infinitive and presen t, in which formit subsists as aregular verb,

long been obsoletaand do not saemto have been used in EngGod drops the world—Wrcn rnm’s Bible.

The kingand the communeM ums.

To which this semrmour shops himfor to wands.

The

ancien t preteri ie is obsolete, and has been suparsedad in theregular formin ad. The seashore strip of landsheared, shcm, cr drorahy theaction of the wam—is the solerelic oi thisword inmodern parlsncs.

l sfien wi’

him.

334 Drmbnary of LowIand Scotch.

brokc withes of goldwillat last she shorsofl his looks .

Webster.

Shend, shout, or bringto shame.

All woe~begcne was John o’

the Scalcs,Soe ohcsChe could say neveraword.

—Pascr’

s Roliqm:mHeir- d iamSpenser in the FaerieQueene, and Thomson in the Castleof Indolence,

”use this word. According to Dr. Johnson, the

last author of note who employed it was Dryden . It

vives in Scotland.

The oldhas long been obsolete , but survives as anoun ;lopped 03 or cut 03, aremnant.

The suparfluous and waste sprigs of vines

t at t 's Dictioncrie : roo8.

Am am—Nana.

"

l

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336 M of Lovlaud Smkh.

Ben Jm, in his“ & iglish Gr

-smmr,”cites the follov ing

ol the number thatmiormiami te in A though tmeducated people both in Greatmitain and Ameria eometime- formthe preterites of grow, blow,

and know in d

—as when Topsy, in “ U ncle Tom‘

s Cabin,” says “she

glowed.

" “ I

Weeh i tbought tberemnaething but what your honour could hneM b themo

'

sgre- blo comern tion—Soon : “ Antigua-y.

within aoertain bonnd. Thismb is acurious instanee oi theliberties which Time takes with the old words ofalmgunga,The three inflections have each beenmade to do dutyfior aninfin itive, so that one verb has been virtually converted into

And ol thls crywe would they never swu.

- The Kn ight'sM

The noun stenl , an allotted portion ofwork, though obsolete in

England, is common in AmmU ttle boys ln the country, working Agnlnst time, withmto do.

'

l’

nl ooout PAam: Dism an th DeatAq WM .

M the amhint pmtefimis

o

themodeminfinitive,

inflections. The late Daniel O ’

Connell called the

Wellington a“durwsd corporsl.

”

Lost PM S. 3

English, and frompolite society. The curse pronounced uponAdam, In the sweat of thy face shalt thoueat [or earn] thybread,” would have lostmuch of its native energy if the

ancient translators had been asmanly -mouthed as themen ofthe presen t day,and renderedmeet by persp iration.

Somat thatmenmight himring.

—Cnsum: The Rhys-eaf Sa'

r Topaz.His hackenye which thatmal pomelee gris.So smtuthat it wouder was to see.

Some, lucky. findaflowery spot,

Forwhich they never toiled norml .

An anecdote is related by Dean Ramsay, otasturdy old ladywho so greatly loved hearty vehemence in preaching, that shedelighted in one particularminister, beoause when he preachedhe was in such grimearnest with his discourse that “ he gmtand spatand swat ” over it !

Swell,male, swell, swollen. The preterite inmale isalmost obsolete ; that in small has been newly re vived, butscamely holds its own against swelled.

An'thought itmlc so sore sbout hir harte .

-CBAO0I B : The Wife of Bathc’s Talc.

Swink, swank , swonken, to labour over hard. This wordappears to have been almost obsolete in Shakspeare

's time.

Some of hismtempomries umig andMiltcn tried to re.

vive it.In settingand sowing

338 Dictionary of Lowland Scotch.

For whichmenminkand sweat incessantly.

We'll labourandminke,

We'

ll kiss and we’

ll drinks.

For h e hadmonksnall the nighte long.

in common use throughcut Scotlandand on thebut has long been loet to litemture.

Whatmischiefandmalease Ohr-ist forman tholed.

Whatmlckle woas l with youhsve tholsd.

Bhe shall the death thols.4 0m:

He who tholaconquers.

toargue, to complain, to

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with the eye.

Our king on the shepherd wankPrivilywith his eye.

of this verb is still current in connection with the nounswrath, vengeance, displeasure, spite, and others.

Semi -e ns, God , ofall our toes.

J e fim"l‘lanetmy fault. tbe boar provokedmy tongue.Be crashed on him.

4 3 5m“ : h uman i s tic-tis.And soon in the Gordon's ionl heart's blood,He

'

sarrow his fairs ladyn.

To bavemnka himself of suoh wrongs as were due himbymFrench king—Housman Chmida.

The verbs here quoted aremerely eamples of the

treasumthat lie concealed in the speech of the

people of the nmthern counties, in the old

anterior to Shakspeare,and in the Scottishpresent day. What should weancien t and illustrious lineage

chests fllled to tbe lid with coins of

with tbe imageand superscription of

Lost P ram. 34

persisted in borrowing it fromstrangers at usurious interest,rather than touch his antique treasure s ! “'

e should say hewasunwise, orat the least eccen tric,andthat it was qumtionablewhether he deserved to possess the great wealth which he hadinherited. Everymaster of the English tongue, whether hebe poet, orator, or g1eat pse se writer, is in the position of this

supposed nobleman, if he will not study the ancient words ofthe language, and revive to the extent of his ability suchamong them“ he finds to be betteradapted to express strongas well as delicate shades ofmean ing, than themodern wordswhich have usurped their places. To the poetsmore especially,and, if there be none such left in our day (which we shouldbe very sorry to assert, when certain great names flash uponourmemory), to the versifiers who are not likely ever to failus as long as there are hopes and fancies in the hearts ofyoungmen and women, this is amatter of especial concern .

The permissible rhymes of themodern English tongue are not

copious in number ; and such as ex ist,if not as well worn as

love and dove, breez e and t1ees, heart and dart, are far toofamiliar to come upon the carwith anygreat charmof novelty .

The dactylic rhymes are still fewer, as every one who hastried his hand at versiflcation is painfunyaware . It is the

post,more than the prose writer, who strengthens as well asbeautifies the language which he employs. It is true that

language firstmamliterature ; and that literature, whenonce established among apeople, reacts upon language, andfixes its form—decides what words shall and what words shallnot be used in the higher forms of prose and poetical compwition . Old English—such as it is found in “ Piers Plough~man,” Chaucer, Spenser,and the poets and dramatists of theElimbethw eramd as late as Milton and Dryden

— is a

passionate rather than an argumentative language ; and poets,who ought to be passionate above all else, otherwise theyarebutmere versiflers, should go back to those ancien t sources,

s wamof LowIand Scotch.

if they would be streng without ceasing to be correct andelegant. The words that were good enough for Shakspearoand his contemporaries ought to be good enough for the

greatest writers of our day. But Shakspeare himself is becoming obsolete, and needs “ m“u

of agimry to explain to

educawd peoplemany anligible to aScottish or Mof Shakspeare or of modthe case ? Doubtless the fin

ourselves.

wkwood’

sMayan'

rw.

”

hers that this should be

tot in Shahmbnt in

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Dictionary 01 1. 0mScolds.‘f

no

001may speermair questions thanfoolmayglveawiseman counsel.friend in need isafriend indeed.

Afiront our friend inmowg and fine himin eamest.A ’

s dinner’s soon dight.

b

b

b

b

Afterastormcomes the calm.A fu’man sndahun horsemake haste hsme.

fifu’ pumaat getti friends.gswn s s e ng.

A gentle horse {hou’d be sindle sA gi'en horse shoa’

d us be look’d mouth.

A gi'en game was neverwon.

A good beginningmakesafloat! ending.

good goosemayha’ean 1gum] .good iaee needs nae band,andan illgood tongue'sasafe wea n.

good word is as soon ssan ill.good tale is no the waur to be twice tsuld.

good name is sooner tint than won .

good fellow” isacostly name.graining wife anda ting hon e ne’er fail'd theirmum.

green wound is half ls.

green yulemakesafat kirk an] .great rooserwas nevera rider.

M y eye never agood n worth.

ryand litfiz‘

woo,

”

qubpi'

h deil whenhandfu’ of trade is worth agowpen o’gowd.

p I;

with four feetmay snapper.ison .

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

A Coflem’an of Scok It Proverbs .

A’liars shoa’d ha'e goodmemories.Alike ilkadaymakes aclout on Sunday.

A light pursemakes abee heart.A’

o’ersare ill, eacept o

’

er waterand o’er the hill.A’ fai ls that fools think.

A’the truth shou

’

dus be tauld.

A’the corn ’

s no shorn by ItemA’themen of theMearns can use

A’the winning‘s in the first buying.

A’ cracksare not to be trow’d.

A’

that’s said in the kitchen shou’dus be tauld in the ha’.A’ catsare y in the dark.

A’the keyemn0tat your belt.

A’s no tin t that’s in han d .

A ’s fish that comes in the net.

A’s notat hand that helps.

A’ thi wytes that no well fares.A

’s wel that ends Well.

A’thingsare untried.

Aman’sm'

isamirkAman’

saye crouse in hisain cause.

Aman cannabeara’ his kin on his back .

Aman ofmony tradesmay beg his bread on Sunday.

Aman at fivemaybe afoolat fifteen.

Amanmay see h is friend in need,that winnasee his pow bleed.

Amanmaywoo where he will, but wed where his wierd is.

Amanmay be k indand gi'e little 0’ his gear.

Aman ofwordsand not ofdesds, is like agarden fa’ofweeds.Aman is well orwas,as he think s himself see.

Amauhas naemair goods than he gets good of.Amistymorn ingmay be aclear day.

Amouthfu’ofmeatmay be atown u’ of shame.

Amauled cat was ne’eragood hunter.

An auldmasonmakes agood barrowman.

An auld tout in anew horn .

An auldmek cravesmucitle clouting.

An i ll shearer nevergutag

ood book.

An illwilly cow shoud has short horns.An ill cowmayha’eagood calf.An ill pleaabou'd be well pluded.

An ill cook shoa’d ha’e a ood cleaver.An il l lesson is soon lea:JAn ill wits and anew kiadh d candle shoa’d their heals

346 Durhamof Lowland Scotch.

An ill won pennywill pu’down a and.

inch ofanag is worth aspan an aver.An inch 08 amiss isas goodas aspan.

inch ofgood fortune is worthafathomof forecast.An olitemothermakesasweer daughter.

ounce ofmother- wit is worth apound of clergy.

An unluckyman’s cart is sith tumbled.

Ane of the oourt but nane of the couneil.Ans does the skaith

,andanither gets the wyte .

Ans never tines bhdoing good.

Ans beats the bus andanither grips the game.Anes paid never craved.

Ansmaybindasack beAnsmay10’

s the kirk well enough, yet no he aye riding on the

w as d tAnsmay lo’ea that wadnaha’e the bag bladed in his teeth.

Ans is not so soon eal’das hurt.Ane gets sma’ thanks for tin ing his sin .mnawiveand thrive bai th in as year.Ans will garahundred lie.A new bosomsweeps clean .

A nod ofan hones tman is eneuch.April showers bringMa

gflowers.

A party pot never play"

e dolor to dies.

0’meet.

lowps on .

merchants tineas win.

runs the fox as he feet has.

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M mq owlend Scofch.

A wee house hasawidemonth.

A wee kmakemeikle wark.

A wee ingguts your bserd in ableeze.A wee thing eys cowards.A wi htman never wantedaweapon .

A wile is wise enough that kens her gnidman’s

ain kirtle.

A wilfu’man neverwanted was .

A wilfu’man shoa’

d be unco wise.

A woman’

smind is like wind in awinternight.Auldmen are twice bairns.

sparrowsare ill to tame.Auld springs gi’e nae e.

Auld sins breed newAuld wivesand bairnsmake fools ofphysiciansA yeld sow was never good to grices.A yn le feastmay be gun at peach.

Barentsare certain cars but nae sure joy.

Bare backsmak burnt ins.

Bare try. balsam! beamMugabroodare aye proud.

Be afriend to yourscl land othersBe lang sick that yemaybe soonBe it better be it worse, be ruled b himthat has the punse.

Be thouwell, be thouwas,thouwi t not beaye see.

Be ye wad be cad.

well, rtith will bear itsell.Before ye chusea riend eatawok 0

’seat wi’ him.

Begin wi’ needlesand rimand end wi’horn’d newt.

Beg frae hemyou never be rich.

Beggars breed,and gentry feed.

Beggars dow bear nae wealth.

Beggars shou’d nabe chooses-s,Betterabit in themorning than fasta’day.

Betteraclout in, than ahole out.Betteradog fawn on youthen bark at you.Betterafingerafi than aye wagginBetterafair foe thauafanse friemfBettera

A Coliechbn o/ Soot mwrbs .

Betterauld debts than auld sairaBetter bairns than beardedmenBetter be bly e wi’ little than and wr’mie‘kle.Better be en vied than pitied.

Better be slans than in ill company.

Better be idle than ill employed.

Better be out of the world than out of the fashion.

Better he sons than soon up.Better be the uckyman than the luckyman’

s son.

Better be unkind than cumbersome.Better beg than borrow.

Better day the betterdeed.

Better eat gray bread in youth than in eild.

Better flatterafool than fight wi'him.

Better find iron than tine siller.

Better gi’e the slight than tak'it.

Better uide well than work sair.Better and byahair than draw withatether.

hand with the hound than tin with the here.Better hain at the braird than at the bottom.Better hand loose than in an ill tethering.

Better hapat court than good service.

Better k iss aknave than out outwi'him.

Better keep the de’il without the door’

thauha’e to drive himthe house.

Better keep wel l thanmake well.Better lang something than soon naething.

late thrive than neverdo weel.Better lear frae your nei bhonr'askaith yourain.

Better leave tomy fees t an beg freemy friends.

Better live in hope than die in despair.

Bettermarry o’er themiddin’

than o’er themoor.my bairns seek fraeme than I beg frae them.

Bettermyfriend thinkme fremit than fashous.

Better ne er begun than ne’er ended.

rough and sonsy than lxtreand donsy.

Better“fit

,

“with little ought, than care withmony acow.

say ere it is than there it was.shortand sweet than and lsit stil l than rise andsit idle than work nought.skaith saved thanmendsmade.

ofafray.

350 Dictzbnmy of Lowland Scotch.

Better to hand than draw.

Better twaakaithe than ae sorrow.

Betterunborn than untaught.Better wade backmid- water than gae forwardand drown.

wait on the cook than the doctor.Betterwear ehoon than sheets.Between threeand thirteenThraw the wand when it is

Bid aman to tharoaatand himwith the l pit.

B law the wind ne’er sae fast

,

It will lown at the last.Blindmen should no judge of colours.B lood’

s thicker than water.Boden gear stinks.Breakmy headand e draw onmy bow.

Broken breadmakes lo hairnetBurnt bairnadread the fire.Buyathief true the gallows,and he’ll help to hang you.

By chance it crip lamaygri aham.By guess,as the lindman ll’d the dog.

Can do is eithlyborn about.Canny chielacarry cloaks when ’

tiaclear,The fool when ’tiafoul has nane to wear.

Careless fowl: are aye cumbersome.

Cast naout the dow’d water till yaget the fresh.

Catsand carlinasit in the sun.

Could cools the love that kindleaower bet.Changes are li hComaa’ to Joe Fool's house,and ye'ae get bread and cheese.(Mme unca’d sits unnerv’d.

Come not to council unbidden .

Comes tomy hand like the bowl 0’apintato .

Come itair, come it la inMaycomes the cow- quake.(kme with the wind an gae Wi th the water.Confeu’d faut is halt!amends.

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352 M y of l owlcnd Scotch.

Every craw thinks itsain chick whi test.Every dog has his day.

Everyman wears his belt his ain gate.Everyman can guide can ill wife but he thsat hasEveryman bows to the hush he gets hield free.

Everyman’s blin din hisain cause.

Every to hismind,as theman said when heMdEveryman’

s tale is good tillan other's bemild.Everyman's no horn with asiller spoon in h ismouth.

Everyman has his ain drafi peck .

Everymiller wad wyse the water to hisainmill .Every shoe fits not every foot.Every thing hasan end

,andapudding has twa.

Experience teaches fools.Famheart never won fair lady.

Fair heightsmake fools fain .

Fair fa' the wife,and vase]may she spin,That coun ts aye the limingwithFair fa’ good ale, it gnrs foFair ex change isme robbery.

Fairmaidens wear nae rses.

hairmayhave fou roots .

Fair words hurt ne’erabane,But foul words breakmonyaane.

Fairand foolish, black and ad,Lan and ls littleand cud.

Fann’t?fires an forced love ne'er didm1.

Fancy flees before the wind.

Farawa fowls have fair feathersFarewe frost

,fairweather niest.

gar frae

cou

ghfar

h.armers an 1

Fast bind fast“3

get flesh freez es

b“ bod

ml

n .

at one s can paws.Fearfowk shoa’d hasmony wiFiddler‘s d

gand flesho flies come to feasts

Fight ht bear,whs wins de’il care.Fine f enmak’ fine birds.

A Coflectzion o/ Scottls m'os . 3

Fools’haste is use s

peed.

Foolsarea fain o flitting.

Fools sho d nasee wark that’s hafl done.

Foolsmake feasmand wise fowk eat them;The wisemake jests

,and fools repeat them.

Fools are fain of naethmg.

For want of steak ashoemaybe tint.For fashion’

s sake,as dogs gang to themarket.Fortune helpsaye the hardy.

Force without forecastaften fails.Fore- warn’

d, hafl arm’d.

For faut ofwise fowk fools sit onFoul water slockens fire.

Friendship cannastandaye on as side.

Friends' best sindry.

Frostan fawshood have haithGas: to bed with the lambGane is the that laidGsunting es wanGayly wad be better

tulg

Gear is easier gain’d than guided.

Gentle paddocks have long tees.Get your rock and spindle,and GodGet the word 0

’soon riein and you

Gifl'

gaflmakesgood frienfiaGirn when ye bind and laugh when youloose.Gi’eabairn its will

haudaw its fill,

Nanaof themwi e’er do

name,and he’ll soon be hang

’d.

finger,and he'll take our hale hand.Gi

’eagawnman adrinkiuandaq chiel acufl

’

.

Gi'e athingand take a '

ng.

That’s the illman’s gowd ring.

Gi’e o

’er when theWWthemtow eneuch they’ll h ug themsslls.

Gi’e the de‘il his due.

their tr'snchera

354 Did nbnaq'

Lowh nd Scokfi.

fishin in drumly waters.will ou

’

d be tsne in part payment.GreatGreat words fley cowards.Great winnin makes wsrk easy

y fowk sve lsng srms.Gut nae fish till ye get them.Ha’hinksare slHad e sicashmks

Hau s hank in yourainHafl acres ear good corn.

Hangathief when he’s youngn nd he’ll no stesl when heh

Bangsringand on asam:Handls the puddimht‘gmi xlsdm

EMS.“

h.a a s a i s gear enougHagpy the wife that’smarried toamotherlessHappy for themwhen the dsd goes to the de

’il.ships sindle come single.

Hastemakes waste.Have ye gear, have ye nane,Tine heart,anda

’s gene.

He begs frae themthat borrowed frae him.He brings astafl' to break hisain head.

He can handmeal tn hismouth and blaw.

He comesaftner with the rake than the shool.B s comins early that com of his kail.He can ids hismeatand mair.He doesas n

itride when he saddles his horse.

He does no li his wark that says nowwhen it is done.

He gsngs swayin sn ill time thst never comes sgsin .

gmfg‘

i‘lin

j lhmmt that wemdudmeus shmin ariven dish.

He hssli s hasHe hssHe hss

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356 M emo/ W W W .

He’saiool thatmarriesatalxe.For when the bairn’s to the corn’s to shear.

He’sat his wit’s end.

wise tbat’s timelywary.

as welcomeas water in ariven ship.He

’s likealies in ablanket.

He’s no sae daitas he lets on .

He’s

He’s

thatmaynalick his sin finp rs.that can neither do nor sq .

that kens his ain thither.He

’sunkofn’

in hisain honssthatcanns piksahane in hisneighbou‘s.

aproud horse that winns bear hisain provendc .

well worthy ofsorrow that huys it.He

’s like the singed eat. better than he's likely.

He’saworthless goodman that’s nomissed.

He’sagood horse that never stnmAndabetterwiie thst never grumb

He’s aweak beast that downs baar the saddle.

He sleepsas dogs do when wivmsift nreal.He speaks in his drink what he thought in hisHe sits tu’ close that has riven breaks.He stumbles atastraeand lowps o’erawonlyne.

He thataught the cow gs nearest her tail.He thathlsws best let imbear the horn.

5°

23: 3° h“ d "inmese s nu era ppenn ne

’er worth a

He that bu land buys stanes,y

And he at buys beef buys bones.He that coun tsa’ cost will ne’er 1mm) h in the eand.

Hethatcheatsmeanesshamet'a’him, KentHe that clstters to himself talks toafool.He thst cannamake sport shon’dmar nane.

He that cannadoas he Wpu’dmaun deas hemay.

He that comes unca’d sits unserved.

He that counts before the ostler counts twice.He that does his turn in time sits half idle.

He thatHe thatHe thatHe that

A Collection of Scolcls P row bs . 3

He that gets, mbut he that wantq thinksHe that ganges a

.

wing, gangsasorrowing.He that gi

’esa’ his gear to his

Take upabittleand dingHe that gx

'es all wad eM

He that tsanee hisfievesmcan hardlyget themout.He that twahoards will get athird.

He that has agood cropmay thole some thisms.He that has nae siller in his purse shou‘d ha’e silk on his tongue .

He that hides can best find.

He that hasmickle gets ayeHe that hasmickle wad ayeHe that hasadogof his amma gang to the kirk wi

’aclean breaet.He that hasamickle nose thi ilkaane speaks o’t.He that’s ill to himsell will be good to naebody.He that in bawdry wastu hisBaith shame and skaith he will endure.

He that kens what will be cheap or dear,Needs be amerchan t but foras year.

He that keeks throughaholemaywe whatHe that lives weal lives laHe that lacksmymare we?

‘

buymymare.

He that laughsat hisain joke spills the sport o’

t.

He that laughsalane wil lmake sport in company.

He that lives upon hope has aslimdietHe that looks to free freets follow him.

He thatmarries or he wise will die e’erHe thatmeddles with tulz ies comes in for the redding streak.

He that never rade never tell.He that never eats flesh thinksHe that shawsHe that rise with fleas.He thatHe thatHe that strikesmydogwad strikemysell ifHe that spends his gear before he gets

’t will get little good o

’t

gs seeks i

nfites getsmotes.

ille spears 0 one comes speed.

He that speaks whatmllileshould not,

Will hear what he would rather not.

thawind.

358 mmof Loo nd Swirls.

He thst wad eat the kirnelmaun crack the nut.He that will to Cu

parmaun to Cupar.

He that’s welcome amwell.He that well hides well betides.He thatwill nathole,maun fiitmonyahole.He was the bee thatmade the honey.

He was scan t 0’ news that tauld his father was hanged.

He wears twafaces beneath se cowl.He wasmair ileyed than hurt.p is good in a’ play.

Hensare aye free of horse corn .

Highest in court the nearest the widdy.

H is wit gst wings and would have flown,Butpinching poortith pu’d himdown .

H isan d brass will buyanew pan.

H is bark is waur than his bite.

His egg has aye twayanks.H is geese area’ swans.

H is room’s better than his company.

H is pipe’

s out.Honesty hands lang the gate.

Honesty’s the but craft.Hooly and fair gangs far inHorses are ofa’ hues.

Hunger wil break through stane wa's.Hunger’s hard upon ahealHunger is good kitchen .

Hunger thanmeand I’ll harry thee.

Hungry dogsare hlythe o’ bursten puddings.Hungry stewards wearmony shoon.

I w as gas ad his handsel,and he was hanged ere nightI bake naemfgby your shins.I cannassll the cow and su themilk.

I have gi’en astick to h myain hesd.

I had rather gang b your door than o’eryourgrave.

I ha’e gotten an ill ame formy sin head

Iha’e seenmair than I have eaten .

en

witha

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3 W y n/ W SW .

I f ye doawran makeamends .

It'

ye do nae illElmnaill like.If ye steal nomy kale, break namydyke.l t

'

ye wad live for ever wash themilk trueIf ye wad be haly, healthy,and wealthy, rise soon in themornin g.Ill bairnsare best heard at hams .

Ill comes upon waur’s back.

111counsel will garaman stickIl l doersare e ill dreaders.Ill deem’d hang

’d.

Ill tting hot water (n o’neath

Ill erdsmake fat fox es .

Ill newsareaft o’er true.

Ill -wougearwinnaenrich theIll -won as ill ware’d.

It cannarain, but it urs.It gan in at theas and outat the ither.

It is a uch brewing s no in ths newing.

It isabaremoor that ye gang hand no get s hsather eoo.

It isagood game that fills the wame.

I t is a ood tongue that says nae ill.It is a ard task to be and leal.It is an ill wind that b ws naebodygood.It is sn ill pack that

’sn o worth the custom.

l t is an ill cause that the lawyer thinks shame o’.

It isalainb at the n taking, butan auld sheep ere ye get it sl .

It isameanmouse t at has hut se hole.It isastinkingpraise oomes out ofane’sainmouth.

It isasin to lre on the de’il.It isashame to eat the cowand worry on the tail.It is asairfield where a’salain .

It is asooth dreamthat’s seen waking.It is asillyfiock where the ewe bears tbe bell.It is s sairyhen that canns scrs forae bird.It isa’ tint that's dune toauld k and baims.It isa’ tint that fell by.

It is best ganging wi’ahorse in ane’s hand.

It is better to sup wi’acutty thsn wan taspoon.

It isgme head that the cow gie’smlk .

’

%t is about the wren’s door where there

t is

It is

A Cofled ios o/ Swtchmrbs .

It is good to be good in ymtimq ye kennahow laugIt is good to bemerryand wise,Quoth themiller when hemouter’d twice.

It is good to have our cogue out wheuit rains knil.I t is to has twastrings to your bow.

It is to garan auldmare leave flinIt is hand to sit in Bomeaud su'ive wi’

l t is hurd foragreedysye to ha’

ealealIt is hard baith to hsve and waut.It is ill to be ca’dathiefaudaye fiouudIt is ill crooking before cripples.It is an ill kitchen that kee the

It is ill to bring out o’ the esh w

It is ill to lear the cst to ths kirn .

It is illIt is illIt ill se

It is ill

It is ill lug, or atoutingbhoruo’

It is il l uIt is kiIt is kittle

o’the nose.

It is kittle

It is at s dyke side.

It isIt isIt isIt isIt is nae sin to takeagood price, hut in gi

’eing illmessure.

It is uaemair to seeawoman greet than to see s goose gae barefoot.It is use play when ane laughsand anitherIt is no the wayto gripab inl to fling yourIt is not what is she

,but what has she?

It is weal ware’d that wasters want.

{t is weel that our fsuts amuot writteuon our facet i l

It is tim hen l ’mgawn to lie dowu.

It is the

It keepsI tmannl t setsaItm

It will be aiesther out oi your wiug.

agood fellow.

Keep you.

Keep wooand it will be dithe

kpeep lintandKeep out ofhis company that cracks of his cheatery.

Keep yourain fish to feed yourain seamaws.Keep your kill -dry’

taunts to yourmouldyKeep your tongue within your teeth.Keep the stafl

'

rn yourain hand.

Keep your breath to cool your crowdie.

Keep yourmouth closeand your een opem.K en yoursell and your neig

hbours winnamisken you.

K en when to spendand w en to

xare,

Aud ye neednabs bissy,and y l never be bare.Kindness comes wi’will it cannabe eoit.Kindness will creep where it cannagang.

K indness caunastandaye on as side.Kingsand bearsaft worryKissing gses favour.

K iss yeme til I be white,and thatwill bean ill web to bleaeh.

Kythe in ymi rain colours that fowkmayken yon.

Lacunabreeds laziness, praises breed pith.

Lsith to bedand laith toLangmint, little dint.Lang look’

d for eornesat last.Lang orye cut Falkland wood withapenkn ife.

32gstandingand little ofieringmak apoor priest.

8Lang tarrying tines thanks.

Lang sports turn to earnest.[ A ngestat the fire soonest finds csuldLen lasts year than yule.Ls s eostly, tak apintaud

'

gree.

Law-makers shouldas be law- breakers.L

Leave welcome behind ye.

afl'

as langas the play’sfair.w he n . “

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Maidens’

70 8“

Mak the best ofan ill bargain.

Msk your haywhen the sun shines.

use (It es.

“masts, tatmumMarryaboonmate and getamaster.

Mealymou’dmaidens stand laugat themill.Measure twice, cut butanes.Meat feedg aud claith cleads

,butmannersmak theman.

Mes-sugars shou’d neither be headed nor hanged.

“

Is that fools think.Mickie cornmickle care.

£231

1:wadKaye hasmaea, t.

Micklemermmmany fses.Micklemay fa’between the cupand the lip.

N ickle water rins by that themil ler wats not of.Mickie pleasure some pain .

aboutane, uoth the de'i l to the collier.

Might o’ercomes rig t.

Mint ereye strike.Misterfou fowkmannabemensfu’.

hound bar‘

s?“he nurice.

smay soon asheads are better thm

at tocher

A ColIsda'

on of Scolchmrbs .

Mony ane opeus their pack and sslls nae wares.Mouy asue spears the gateMouthsare naemeasure.

Mowsmay come to earnestMayan doesmickle, butmoneyMurderwill out.Must isaking’s word.

Mson ’smsouayey dang ter’smIMy niat neighbour's mypresent peril.

Nan butter sticks to his bread.

Nae fool to an auld fool.Nae friend toafriend in need.

Nae ama’advantage.

NaeNathiug freer than agiftNathing comes fairer to light than what hasMulaug hidden .

Nathing’s baalder than abl indmare.

Nathmg en ters intoacloss hand.

Nathing sae crouseasauew washen louse.

Nathing’s ill to be done when will

’sat hame.

Nathing to be doue in haste but grippiug of fieas.

Nathing venture win .

Naue ferliesmair than ools.

Naue sae weel but hs hopes to be bettenNane canmak abore but ye’ll findapin till’t.gane can play

c

t

l

hamfooll sae weel asawisearrow gather’

e s t.

Nearest the heart nearZstpthzmouth.

Nearer the night themair beggars.N ecessity has nae law.

Needmakesmen of craftNeed will garan auld wife trotandauakedman rin .

Neithamsinfu’as to sinh uoraae as to saunt.

New lords have new lawa.hab

ferlyat you.

3 mmof Lowland Scotch.

Nevergee to theM1v i

’adish»cloutabout your head.at on you, but laugh in your sin sleeve.

NeverNever her firstman was hang’d.

Never putasword in awudman 's hand.

put the plough before the owseu.

Never uat certainty for hope.

Never erauld to learn.

Never scaud your li in

wek awife ye

Never show your teeth un less ye canNever striveagainst the stream.Never venture never win .

N ineteen nay- says ofamaiden are hafi'agrant.Now’

s now,and yule’

s in winter.

Nobility withoutability is likeapudding wi thout suet.

O’ermickle

O ’ermickle

O’ermickle

O'er narrow

O’er recklessmayrepent.

O'er strongmeat for yourweak stamach.

O fa'sorrow afu’ sorrow’s best.

Ofal ittle takealittle, when there’s nought takea’.

Of bairns’ gifts ne’er be fain,Nae sooner they give but they seek

Of ill debtorsmen taiths.Of twaills choose e least.Open confession is good for the sen] .Our sinsand debtsare aftenmair than we think of.Out of debt out of danger.

Out of the peat pot in to the gutter.

Out ofmen s blessing into God’

s sun.

Par himin hisain coin.

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3 W o o/ W MBoeing

’s believin a’ the world over.

See for loveand y formoney.

Seeksour saw where ye t yourail

,

An beg your harmw re ye

abe

t

xypurale.

Seekmickle and get something, '

ttleand get nought.Second thoughtsare best.Send youto the seaye’ll no get saut water.

Serve oumll till your bairns come toSetageggar on horseback he’ll fiawg dei hSet that down on the back side ofyour count- book.

Setaknave to gri aknavc.Shame’s past the s ads 0

’your hair.8 stomachsmak short graces.Sh watersmakemaist din .

She that gangs to the well wi’ ill will,

Either the pig‘hreaks or the water will spill.

She looksas if tter wadnamelt in hermou'.She

’

ll keep herain side 0’the hoose,

’

andgangupand down in yours.She hands up her head likeahen drinking water.She that taks gifts, hersell she sells,And she that gi’es themdoes nought else.

She’s better than she’s bonu

Shod in the cradleand ha oot on the stibble.

Short fowk are soon angry, their heart’s soonSicman sicmaster

,sic priest sic ohm-ing.

Sicas e gi’e sic W111ye get.

Sic ree as is therein comes out o’the lnsu.

Silence grips themouse.Silksand satins put out theSindle seen soon forgotten.

Slaw atmeat slawat wark.Slander leaves aslur.Smooth waters run deep.Sma’ fish is better than nae

hae pand some stick in the gap.

Sorrow is soon eneuch when it comes.Sorrowaud an il l lifemake soouan auld wife.Sorrowand ill weather come unsent for.

be hars.

A Collcchbn of Scotch Proverbs . 3

Sanders - by seemair than the gamesters.Standing dubs gather dirt.Staynae longer in your friend’

s home than yeare welcome.Strike as ye feed, and that

’s but soberly.

Strike the iron as laugas it is het.Stuffing hands out storms.Sudden fri endship sure repentance.

Sup’d out wort was ne’er goodale.

Sur eits slaymair than swords.

Some ha'e ahantle fauts, yeare only ane’er~do-weel.

Sourplumbs. uoth the tod when he couldnaclimb the tree.

Soutersand ors count hours.

Soutersahon’dan gas ayont their last.

Lgamers sl

zlou’dnabe w

ill

?" that neither steer norrow.

at e igotan et outat t e bung.

sgze

well an has wel l.Speerat Jock thief if I healealman.

Speak when you’re spoken toand drink when you're drunken to.

Stown dints are sweetest.Sturt followsa’ ex tremes.Sturt pays nae debt.Swear by our burnt shins.Sweetat t e on - taking. sour in theall - putting.

Sweer to bedand sweet u in themorning.

Spit on astone, and it v i be wetStayand drink of our sin browst.Sticki ng gangs na y strength, but by right guiding o’ the gullis.

$1“ ita’and pay the

fi

r

si

srchant.

henalt aspring ofyour ls,and dance w have done.Tuk the bitand the bullet wi’t. ye

'l‘ak apintand the law’

s costly.

sin and then ye’ll no die of the pet.

ventureasmony good ship has done.your thanks to fieed your cat.

Tak wit in youranger.Tuk care o’ theman that God hasmarked.

able to bear.

370 Dictionary of Lowland Scotch.

Tell not your fee when your foot’s sleeping.

That’s butas doctor'

s opinion.

That's for the father but no for the son.

That’s for thatand butter’s for fish .

That’smy tale, where’s yours l

That’s the piece aste bairn never out.That which God wi give, the de'il saunareeve.Theauld avermay die waiting for new grass.The auld dogmaun die in somehod saught.The bairn speaks in the field what e hearsat the firesThe birdmaun fiichter that flees wi’asThe bird that can sin and winnasingThe best isaye best c esp.

The better day the better the deed.

The book 0’msybe’

s is very braid.

The banes o’agreat estate are worth the picking.

The hanes bear the beef hame.

The blindman ’s peck abou’

d be well

The cowmaywan t her sin tail yet.The curemay be worse than the disease.

The cow that’s first up gets the first 0’the dew.

The de’il hides his day.

The de’

il was sick the de’il amonk wou'd be,The de

’il grew hale, sync de

’il amonk was he.

The de’il'

saye good to his s in.

The de’

il’s bairus has the defil’s luck .

The day has seaand the night hears.The de

’

il’sae busy with his sin .

The de’il wi 1take little ere he wanta’.The de

‘il drives aye his hogs to an illmarket .

The de‘

il does as ae show h is cloven cloots.The de

’il

’s aye to beginners.

The e’ening red and themorn ing gray,

Is agood sign ofafair dag

.

The farthest wayabout is a the nearest gate hams.The foremost hound gripsThe footat the cradle and the handat the reel,Are si s ofawife thatmeans to do weel.

The f er in the deeper.The first dish is best eaten .

The the baking o’t.

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372 Dimbnary q owland Swrck.

There is skill in gruelThere is use fen ce insta

'

l.There isatime to

gyandatime to look straight.

There is agreat di eramangmarket days.There is little wit in his w that lights the candleat the low.

There isan end 0’an an ] sang.

There isatough sinew in an auld wife’s bad .

There is aye life in alivin man .

There is an act in the lai o’ Grant’s court, that no

speak atanes.

There aremairways to the wood thanTherearemair working days than life days.There isas dayof reckoningand another of paymw t.There came never ill after advisemen tThere isaslidder'y stane ore the ha’ door.

There'sadifference between will ye buyl and will ye sell ?

There’s as good fish in the seaas ever came out o't.There isagreat difi

'

erence between farmand farewell.There isahole in the house.

There is life in athrossleas langas she chThere is little for the rakeafter the shoal.Theyare well guided that God guides.They are aye thatare faraway.

Theyare light y harried that have a’ their sin .

They are and rents that come in with tears.They complain early that complain 0

’

their hail.

$11

10, have need ofacannie cook thathave butas egg to thcirdin nst .0?

TheyTheyTheyTheyTheyTheyTheyTheyTheyThey

A CoIled ion of Saolch Pmoerbs .

Timeand thinkin tune the toughest grief.and tide v i tarry foruseman.

T ime triesa’.Timheartand a’s gane.Tine hook, tin e grace.Tine thimble, tine thrift.Touch naeme on the sair heel.Tramon asnail and she’ll shoot out her horns.True lne will never stain .

Truth and honesty keep the crownTrue love kythe in time ofneed.

Try{Gout friend ere youneed him.

Try fore youtrust.Twahun mealsmake the thirdTwabl make nase white.

Two thingsane abou’d not beangry at, what he help and whathe cannahelp.

Twafools in ahouss are acon le owermony.

Twawordsmean gang to thatTwawitsare better than ans .

That bowt came never out of your bag.

Theback and the bell hands every ansThe black ox ne’er on your toes.The cat wou'd fain fish eat.But she is laith to weet her feet.de

’

il’s good when he

’s pleas

‘d.

father bu the son bThe eye sel s,and his son

The greedyman and the gielaingerare wellmet.The greatest tochersmake not the greatest testaments.

The kirk’smuckle but yemayas mass in the end o

’

t.

The lairdmayhe lairdand need hind's help.Themanmay eithlytine astot that cannacoun t his kinah.

Themair themerrier, the fewer the better cheer.Themeal cheapand the shoon dearThWhat souters’wives like weel to hear.e

Thmisameasure in a’ thiaga

D imo/ Lowland 3m.

ThereThere is nae temed for fear but out ed the head.

There was nevera ir word in flyting.

There is steel in the needlemint tho’ l ittle o’t.Thereare twaenoughéand has gotten ane of them.

There aremairmarri than good house hadders.

There’sabonnyreason wi

'aragabout the foot o’t.

There camanever sicaglofl'

toadaw’s heart.

is feyblood in your head.

T here grows nae grass at the cross.There is little to sew when tailorsare

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376 DM af LosoIawd Smkk.

Weare aye to learas lang ss we live.

We can poind for deht, but no forunkindne- tWemsyken your eilk by the runkles o’ your horn.

Wee things fiey cowards.Whawats who.may keep sheepanother day.

Whauses perils, riah shall.What e win at t, yemay lick afl’ahet girdle.

What is the home that the daw rises

can hag?whatmw‘illfi g l

less !comes tener

Whadsur hell the eat !you

Whacan helpmisluck lcanns the will little get.What the eye sees as the heart ruesWhat’s nane dmy profit shall be nsne olmy peril.What if the lift fa’, then emsy gather lav’roelts.What’s o

’er the d il’s back will gangaway under l

“'hst the feud where the friendship dow not.

What winnado bymight do by flight.What’smycsse the da

lymaybe yours themorn.

What’s wsur than ill nck‘

lWhatmay be doneatany time will be done at naeputs that in your head that didnaput the sturdy it

What need arichman be athief?Pluck i the greater knave the

Whatmay be,maynot be.What cannabe curedman be endured.

When no door steeksan ithera’men speaks naeman rs.

drink’s in wit h out.

When fri endsmeet hearts warm.When Adamdelvedand Eve span,Where wasa’ our gen try than ?Whenmy head’

s downmhouse isWhen the tad preaches ten t

When thieves reckon, leal fowk comes to their gear.When the are fan the dron tsup.When the wins to the fiesres not howmanyhWhen the cup

’s fu’ carryit even .

comes tn at the door friendship

A come“ of Scorch Proverbs .

When ilkaain gets their sin the thief will get the widdy.

ames h drown ’d she

’s dead.

When the goodman drinks to the goodwife,a’md bs wellWhen the

goodwife drinks to the goodman,a’ is well.

the eart's fouof lust themonth's fun of

When your neighbour's house is in danger takeWhen youare served a’ the geeseare water’d.

wine sinks wordsWhen the barn’

s fu’ onmay thresh before the door.When ye’re gaun an coming the gate’s no toom.When the heart's fu’ the tongue Will speak.

When he dies for tagy

emay quake for fear.yeare weel , ud oursell sac.

When the well's fu’ it wi rin o’er.

When the pot’s o’er fu’, it will boil o’erand bleese in the ingle .

When the steed’s stown, stock the stable door.

Where the book’s bound, there hemaun bleet.

Where the deer’

s slain some of the blood will lie.Where the dylte

‘s laighest it is eithest to lowp.

Where there is o’ermickle courtesy there is httle kindness.Where there is naething the kin tines his right.Where drums beat lawsare dam?»Where the pig‘s broken let the sherds lie.

there are gentles there isaye sfl - tawing.Where at, gifabodymayspeer lI gat it was,and where leal fowk gear.

Where will yougetapark to kee your yeld iulWhere the heart gangs let the tai follow.

While the grass grows the steed starves.Whitely th ings are aye tender.$3pm821d w

f

illfil

l

relp nane can hinder.pit-a ’

s ea er inmas my iWipe wi’ the wate rand zuhpw?’

the tdpw’tel. y

l

v

’

gisemenamain whilly

'd wi’miles.ives an are necessary

Widdy haud thy sin 1

Wilfu' wastemakes waefn’want.Wiles helpmak fowk.

Will and wit strive wi’ye l

373 M onaryq owland Scokfi.

Wood inawilderness,moss on amountainapoorman are little thought 00.

Wordsare but win, but duntsare out 0’ season .

Woo sellers ken aye woo buyers.Work for noughtmakes fowk dead sweer.Wrang has naewarrant.Wrang coun t is use payment.Wad ye garme trow thatmyhead’

s eow’d when ne

’er it

come ou’t i .

Wae to the wame that has awilfu'master.

Was’athemthat has the cat‘s dishand sheayemewting.Water sto had naeale.

Wealth in e widow’s house,kail but cant.

Well wortha’ good takens.Weare asmony Johnste nsasWe hounds slew the hare, quoth the bleet’dmumWhainvxted youto the roast?Whacan court but cost.Whamade youagentleman that didnaout the lugs true you

to ken youby.

Whatye do when you’re drunk ma

ytaforwhen you're cWhat ye want up and down ye ave hi erand yont.a reed oi

'

the tzodlflye grow gra before

Y e breed oi'

them s dog, ye l{elt yourwwere

0soako’ youY e breed ofMaefarlane’s geese, ye havemainmi

than yourmeat.Y e breed of the cow

’s tail

, yougrowY e breed of nettle kail and ooek ls irds,

bu

i£emmlneedmuckle

Y e breed of the gowk, ye have nevera ywe butan .

Y e breed of ill weather,ye come unseat (or.

Saughton aw wa, your neb’

s noor out ofan ill tunY e breed ofauldmaidens,” look

e

sue high.

the ehapmarulye

’re to handsell.

Y e breed oi’

our laird, ye’l do naee

right noatake

em°

f Wm: er.e 0 t e ye

Y e breed of the butcher, that

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3 M tg/”W SW

Y e have themug sow by the lug.

Y e ken naethingbutmilkand bread when it ismool'd in to yon .

Y e ken what drinkers dY e kenmt whamay cool

flourkail yet.

Y e liveat the In 0’ the w.

Y el ing curs wil raisemastitis.

Y e'

ve on loveas lav’rocks do on leeks.Ye’ll neither dance nor haud themndle.

Ye’

ll get naemair of the eat but the sk in.Y e look like letme be.

Y e look like aLochaber-ax e new some free the grindstane.Ye’ll no sell your hen on arainy dayYe’ll getasmickle foras wish this vYe’

ll gar we seek the needle where l didnastick it.Ye’ll never east sent on his tail.Y e look likeaLammermoor lion.Ye’ll let naething he tint forwant 0’making.Ye’ll no harry yoursell v i’ yourain hands.Y e look like the de'il in daylight.Y e look likerathief than abishop.

ermake smark in yourW an t byYe’ll let little gas b

yyouun less it be the swallow.

tine the fat er seeking the son.

Y emaydrive the de’

il intoawife, but ye’

be greedy, but ye’re no greening.any; furtherand fare warse.

beagd whet-

Eaye’re n

fhseen.

gang t ro'a’ gypt wi outa

bas e mem, but youriudgment winnagi‘eutakemwill £3?the deed.

Y emaunnathink to win thro’ the warld onafeatheb bed.Yemaunnahe ntealy-mou’

d.

Y emetemy pease by your sinY oulook likearunner, quoth lobster.Ye’ll bemade upat the sign 0

’the wind.

Ye’l l y at sma’ e before ye stand out.Ye'll ile nane at themthat lippen s to you.

Ye’llmend when ye grow better.

Ye’ll never be seeauld with seemickle hY e never saw green cheese but your e’en reel’

Y e never wantagood whittle at your belt.Y e never heard afisher cry stinking fish.

Y e neednathink ehame to tak it, yonr teeth'sY e putat the oert that’sayeY e’reas daftas days (I.Ye’re o

’erauld to be d d ior bogles.

Y e’reagood eeeker bntan ill

A Colkch’

an o/ Scolch Prombs .

Y e rideabootless errand.

Ye’re like the wife wi’ themony daughters, the best comes last.Ye’re nae chicken fora’ our cheeping.

Y e'

re come o’ hloodi

sae isapudding.

Ye’re come toapee ’d egg.

Ye’re awidely - ion against hanging time.Ye’reas laugatuning your pipesasane wad play aspring.

Ye're good enough but ye’re no brew new.

Ye’re no see pooras ye peep.

Ye’re well away if ye hide,and we‘re well quat.Ye’re of seemonyminds, ye’ll never bemarriedYe're come to fetch fire.

Ye’re nae weel,in your wooingye watnawhere toYe’

re never pleased t'

u’ nor fasting.

Ye're black about themouth forwant ofwelcox

gngdbut e w

nim“

I:hen .

e re unco an e grow r.

Ye’re sair fash’

d haddyi ng naething together.

Ye’re not fed with deaf nuts.Ye’

re sick but no sair handled.

Ye’re busy seekingathing that’s no tint.good for carryingaproph e

tic canmakemuckle of little.

ike the hens,{ariuaye to e heap.

Ye‘re fear’d for the ay never saw.

Ye’re bon ny enough to emthat 100 you, and der bonny to themthat loo youand cannagetyou.Ye’re o’er bird-mouth“.

Ye’re new risen and youryoung heart’sYe’re amet nut it

’

youwere weYe‘

re no light where ye lean a’

.

Ye’remair iley’d than hurt.Davy do a’ thingand goodat naething,

Y e seek o’a face.

Y e eell e bear’s’

n on his bsck.

me cat.

ex cept your chief that

Y e wadY e wntnn what will . ladle InYe wadY e weal

Ye wad

YoungY nln

'n

Youth and eild never sowder well.

Yourmeal’s a’deagh.

Your l irt‘ fld’fl baken, yemay h ing byyour girdle.

Your head’s nae soonerup than your stamock’s yapin .

Y our w ind shakes nae corn .

Your headwill n ever ti ll your father’s bonnet.Your trum

peter

’

s dead.

Your thrilt s as good as the profit ofayeld hen .

Y our winning is nomy tinsel .Your wit winnaworryye.

Yourmind’s chas ingmice .

Your gear w ill ne’er o’ergang you.

Your in inn io’

smilk is no out ofyour nose yet.Your evn’s nomarrows.

Y o have sitten your time asmonyagood hen has done.Y c have nacthing to do but suck and wag your tail.Y o promise better than ye pay, yer hechts ye never brooked.Yo’

ro ano of snaw- ba’s bairn - time.

Ye’

re here yet and your belt’s hale.

Y e spi ll unspoken to.

Y e was not all frae the oon for n ipping the pies.Y o was nove l“ born at that time atyear.Y o was tutugaro

'

c wadnahide the blessing.

Your wame thiulx s your wyson’s cutted.

Y our purse was stocked when that was paid for.Your neck’

s youk ing foraSt. Johnston ribbon .

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3 Did ionary of La

Ode on the Marriage of the

Prince of Wales " P0

land, and other Poems. " The

Glenmutchkin Railway (atale ) ; “ How I Became aY eo.

man ; Life and Times of

Richard I. " NormanSinclair He was one

of the authors, in conjunetionwith Sir Theodore Martin . of

the “ Ben Gaultier Ballads.

”

Baillie. Joanna (1762 aScottish poetess and dramatist.many of whose songs becamepopular. and stillmaintain theirplaoe in literature .

Balfour. Alexander (1776amiscellaneous writer, amongwhose works may be mentioned Campbell, or the Scottish Probationer.”anovel, published in 1819 ; an edition of

Gail’s poems in the same year ;avolume of his own poems, entitled Contemplations ." andseveral other novels.

Balfour, Sir James . a distin

guished lawyer who died in

1583- 84. B is chiel work ,

" The

Practiclts of Scots Law "(in

was for along period a

was printed in 1754 with abiographical introduction by

died in author oi “ The

Gaberlunz ie's Wallet .” “ Liliante e.

” and ormany beautifulsongs in

“ Whistl;e Binkie "andother Scottish collections oflyrical poetry. His oongs are of

The Prbtcipal Writers in the Scottish Language. 385

mimmtly before the public by

his “Essay on the Nature and[mutability of Truth in Oppo

sition to Sophistryand Scepticism." areply to Home His'

otherworksare—“ Judgmeut ofParis " “ TheMinstrel ."in two parts . Spenserianmetre.

(Incomplete. Mex-ivale addedPoems and

Franworks—“ DissertationsThe Elemen ts of Moral

80160068"

(179 0 Essayon Poetryand Music "

“ Esmy on Truth"

Essays Evidences

(Life hySirWilliamForbes, 1806 ;Mudlord, 1809 ; Dyce, He

was part author of the beautiful Scottish song,

“There'

s naeluck about the house .

”

Bellenden . John (or Ballenden.

torian. Archdeacon ofMoray.

and Canon of Row (1490In 1530 and 1531 he was employed bycommand of James V.

in translating Bolce'

s Historyand Chroniklis of Scotlan d.

”

fromthe Latin into the Scottishvernacular. He died at Rome

maybementioned “ VertueandVyse." “ The Proben s of the

Cosmographe "(themost poeti

cal oi his works ), and “ The

Proheme of the History.

”He

Collections ofScottish Poemscontains some specimens of his

style.

Bennoch . Francis (bornHe has published avolume of

Poems. Lyrics, Songs . andSonnets,

"and editedacollectionofMissMitford'

s tales.Bethune, John (1813 son

of afarm- servant. and himselfalabourer. In conjunction withhis brother Alexander he wrotethe Tales and Sketches of

the Scottish Peasantry"

Two years afterwards, “ Leo

tures on Practical Economy "

appeared ; andas A FifeshireForester he contributed anumber of poems to the Scottish

Blacklock . Thomas . DD . (1721apoet and divine who

was depri ved of sight in his

earliest infancy. His chiefworks are The Graham," aheroic ballad “ Paracelsis

" and two vol

umes of “ Poems " (1745 andThearticle “ B lind,

"in

was written by him. After his

ed byH .Mackenzie He

was one of the eminentmen of

letters in Edinburgh who wel

comedand did honour to RobertBurns on his celebrated visit to

Boswell . Sir Alexander (1775was the eldest son of

of Dr. Johnson. His writings

386 D ictionary of L0

our. Many of his " Songs.

chiefly in the Scottish Dialect"

have achieved permabeing

“ Auld Gude Man . ye‘re

aDrunken Carle ;" “ Jenny’

s

Bawbee ;" “mDang the

Weaver ; and apoem. pubis entitled Edinburgh. or theAncient Royal ty. aSketch of

Former Manners. by SimonGray” Another workin Scottish verse is “ Sheldon

Haughs, or the Bow is Flitted "

and “ Clan Alpin'

s

Vow.

"Created abaronet in

182 1. He received adeathwound in a duel with Mr.

Stewart of Auldearn. afterwards editor ol the Courier. aLondon even ing paper. result

published in the Satirist.Bruntoa. George (179 9amiscellaneous writer of proseand verse illustrative of Scot

tish life .manners ,and localities.These sketches and tales appeared in the Edinburgh Mmand W e Alleged ” . In i834he became editor of the ScottishPatriot. having previouslyeditedthe Citiz en. After the publica.

tion of An Historical Accountof the Senators of the College

of Justice." in which he wasassociated with Mr. David

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388 Dictionary of La

rim. to which he sent not only

poems and songs butmisesllaneous sketchesand stories,allcharacterised by a somewhatrare vein of pathos, oddity,andhumour.

Cunningham. Allan 0784one of the first of Scottish song

were extremely numerous, but.perhaps, apart frompoetry, his

Life of Burns " is themasterDoucln . Gw yn orGavin (uml sz z ). styled

“ themost classics l of Scottish poets.

" He

was Bishop of Dunkeld, andtramlnted into the Scottish vernacular the E neid of Virgil .

of his own to each book.

Drummond. William. of Hawthorndon (1585 author ofHistory of the Five Jameses ,

Kings of Scotland .

"which is

strongly tinged with royalist

principles . His poemsand songsare characterised by delicacyand tenderness of treatment .

Dunbar. William(1465one of the chief of early Scotchpoets. H is “ Thistle and the

Rose"is apoemof surpassing

beauty. Others are entitled

The

Tire Principal Writers in the Scottie}: Language. 389

Travels and The

vels were entitled " Annals of

the Parish and “Ayr

shire Legatees (same year).Gilfillan. Robert (179 8This writer

’

s lyrical produc

tiouswerc gathewd in avolumepublished in 1831, entitled

Original Songs.

"In 1835and

1839 enlarged editions were

issued.

Glen, Wi lliam(1789 alyrical writer, some of whose

productions have found their

way into every Scottish home .

His Jacobite song, Wae ’

smefor Prince Charlie, was one ofthemoat touching and popularof the songs of the time.

Grant, Joseph (1805 The

tales and poetry of this writer

of the Glens with amemoir by Robert N ichol.

Hamilton, W illiam(1704A native ofBangour, he receiveda liberal education, and earlycultivatedataste forpoetry. The

Jacobite song, Gladsmuir," hisfirst success, was due to the

part he took in the rebel lion of

1745. On “ The lin es of Yarrow.

”however, is based his

published in Edinburgh in 1766.

Gilbe tiiekl, he,aftermmc yearsofmilitaryservioe, lett thearmyto devote himself to literatune.

in the fifteenth century. The

Watson'

s Choice Collection of

ScotsPoems contains his chiefwritings In 1722 he issued.rendered into

'modern Sootch,anedition of Blind Harry

’

s“ Life

of Wallace, 8. work which hasbeen frequently reprinted.

Harry the Minstrel . or B lind

Harry. as be ismore popularlycalled. His history,

is obscure,

but he wrote in the vernacularthe achievemen ts of Wallace .

the champion of Scottish in

dependence . So little is ltnown

of himthat his surname hasnever been ascertained. It

seems . however, that he wasb lind fromhis birth , and thathe followed the occupation ofawanderingminstrel. His only

poemnow extan t is entitled,“ Y e actis and deidis of ye

illusterand vailz eand campiounshyrWiliamWallace ,

"theMS.

of which E now preserved in

the Advocates'Library. bearingthe date of 1488

Hedda-wick . James , LL. D . , a

poet , in early life sub - editor of

the Scotsman. He subsequentlystarted the Glasgow Cities»andotherperiodicals. His principalwork is “ Lays of the MiddleAges

Henderson , Andrew (1783author of a Collection of

39 0 D ictionary of Lowland Scotch.

date and place of his b irth

are unknown . H is Robene

and Makyne ”is thought to

be the earliest specimen of pastoral poetry in the Scottish lan

guage. Examples of his verse

are included in Irving’s Lives

of the Scottish Poets,"Hailes’

Ancient Scottish Poems,"Ellis

’Specimens, and Sib

bald’

s Chronicle of Scottish

Poetry. H is chief works areThe B ludy Serf," “ Fabils

(printed O rpheus Kyng,

and how he yeid to Newyn

and to hel to seik his Quene”

(printed“ Tailes of the

U plandis Mons and the burgesmons ”

(printed and the

Testament of faire Crescide

(printed

Herd, David (1732 Sir

WalterScott, in his Minstrelsyof the Scottish Border,

"speaks

of , Herd as “the editor of the

first classical collection of Scot

tish songs and ballads, andfurther acknowledges his in

debtedness to thosemanuscriptsentitled “ A Collection of An

cientandModern Scottish Songs,Heroic Ballads, etc. This was

pub lished in 1769 . Herd alsowrote concerningScottishpoetryandantiquities in the periodicalsof his time .

Hogg , James (1782 who is

more popularly known as the

Ettrick Shepherd, was born on

the banks of the river of thatname. Entirely self- taught, heseems, likemany others of the

national poets, to have been

earlyattracted by the beauties

of B lind Harry'

s“Life of Wal

lace ,

” and Al lan Ramsay’

s

Gentle Shepherd .

"Donald

M‘Donald, his first published

song, soon became verypopular,and was speedi ly followed by

When the Rye Come Hame,

which remains achoice favouriteamong all who love Scottishlyric poetry. Fromthis timehis reputation increased . In

all he wrote about twentyvolumes, the chief of which areThe Forest Minstrels (a

volume of songs, Madorof the Moor written

in Spenserian stan zas ) ; “ The

Mistakes of a N ight"

“ The Mountain Bard (1807 ;Pilgrims of the SunThe Poetic Mirror”Queen Hynde (an epic poem,

“Queen

’swake ”

and Scottish Pastorals, Poems,and Songs

” B esides

these, he published several proseworks, the chief of which are“ The Altrive TalesThe Brownie of Bodsbeok

(atale of the Covenanters, 18 18)“ Lay Sermons ” “ Lifeof Sir Walter Scott,” Montrose Tales The

Shepherd'

s Guide (1807 ) The

Three Perils of ManThe Three Perils of Woman .

Love, Teas ing, and JealousyWinterEveningTalesand a comprehensive

collection of Jacob ite songsandballads .

Hume, Alexander (1560 asacred poetwhose writings weremuch appreciated by the Pres

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3 W 0!

Stirling M is built. His

adventumfmmed the basis of

two wel loknown hallads andsmug- attributed toand po- ihlywritten byhim. themost popularof which is still currentmdoften sung in Scotland, underthe title of “We

'

llmnaemair aBovin’

. aBovin'in we

Night. "Jamie-on, John. (1758

This v riter taku one of

w lymmmflrst work con

sisted of two volumee cf “ Senmous on the Heart ”

This was followed in the sameyear byapoemin blank verse

entitled “ The Sorrows of

Slavery, and in 179 8 by aoctberpoetical work

“ k ternity.

”

The publication of various theo.

logical volumes was followedby

" The Etymological Dic

tionary of the Scottish Lea.

1845. Amongst other volumesfromhis peumaybementionedHistorical Account of the An

cient Culdees of“ Historical Account of the

Royal Palaces of Scotland ”

K ennedy.Walter. Dough - callsthis poet , who lived in themteenth century.

“ The greatKennedy.

"Bis chiefwork was

“ Flyting.

”Only two other

and author of an ex cellent

humorous poem, “ The Bapteez emen t of the Bairn .

"

Lesley, John . Bishop of Ross, achampion of Mary Queen of

Scots, and the author of aHistory of Scotland "

Leyden . John .MD . (1775adistinguished poet, linguist,and traveller. His worn arenumerous . and in their timewere verypopular. The blunt

ness and independence ofmanner,whichmetwith little favourin society, served himin goodstead in his literary labours.R e visited the interior ofAfrica.india,and accompan ied an ex

pedition to Java,where he died.

Hismost valuable work wasDiscoveries and Travels in

Africa" “ Poems andBallads (posthumous,“ Pw tical Remains ”

(posthumous , “ Scottish De

scriptive Poems His

life was written by Rev. J.

Morton and Sir WalterScott

can es, afterwards Lady Ann

Barnard. She is best ltnowuasthe authormof the exquisiteand universally popular song or

Auld Rob in Gray,

"which she

first avowed the authorship to

in which he applies the lash died 1788. He is lmowuby

with great truth and force to

abuses in Church and State.

which hadarisen fromthe licentious lives of the clergyand theusurpations of the nobles ; “ The

Complaynt of the King’

s Passings.

” another satirical production of extreme pungency ;adramabearing the title of “ A

Satyre of the Three Estatica;The Supplicationagainst Syde

Taillis," a satire on woman ’

s

dress ; Kittie’

s Confession ,

”

ridiculing auricular con fession ;The H istory and Testament

of Squire Heidi -um(1550. themost pleasing of his compositions) .and the last and greatestof his works , TheMonarchie

The whole of these

hooks were written in the Scottish tongue . and aremarked bystrong satireand broad humour.

Many of hismoral sayings havepassed into proverbs.

Lockhart. John Gibson (179 4best known as the b io

grapher of Sir Walter Scott,whose daughte r he married .

He was formany years anduntil his death the editorof theQuarterly Review. H is humorous and quaint lament on

“ Oaptain Paton"iswell known ,

andagreat favourite in the legaland convivial circles of Edin

burgh aud Glaq ow. He alsowrote lives of Burns and Na»

poison the First . in addition to

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39 6

Ephemerides, and “ Scenes of

Teviotdale achieved a per

Ramssy, Allan (1686 This

distinguished poet ranks nex t

to Burnsand Scott in the favourof the Scottish people. B is

pastoral ,“ The Gentle Shep

herd,is perhaps the finest

poemof its kind in any lan

guage. H is two great compilations, The Evergreen

”and thebetter known “ TeaTableMiscellany,

" are essential to the

completion of every Scottish

library. He was originally abarber and wigmaker in the

High Street of Edinburgh ,andis reported to have been the

founder of the first C irculatingLibraryever established inGreat

Ramsay, Dean (179 3 will

be long remembered hybla“Re

miniscences of Scottish LifeandCharacter.

”He was for some

time Secretary of the Anti

Slavery Society.

Rodger, Alexander (1784The “Poems and Songs " of thiswriterare well - known . Amongthemore popular is “ BehaveYourself before Folk , which

first appeared in “WhistleB inkie .

”He was for many

years cemented with the Glasgow newspaper press.

Rolland. John, the romancist inthe Scottish vernacular of the

Beaven Songes acollection of stories similarto thosetold in the “Arabian Nights .

”

R oss , Alexander (169 9 a

poet whose Fortunate Shep

D x'

ch'

onaorof Lowland Scotch.

life, scenery, and li

His admirable works

well known to need adescription, and bartranslated intomany 1

Sibbald, James (1747- 18

wrote chiefly on the a!of Scotland . in the E

Magaz ine, which he as

Chronicle of the P

Scotland," appeared in

Skinner. Rev. john (17 :apoet whose songs

herdess is almost asas the works of RaBurns.

Rymufl ‘homx s, commotThomas the Rhymer,

patronymic is nn lmowborn somewhere abmand died in 129 9 . T

papular of the writing

bated to himare to bethe Minstrelsy of the

Scot,Alexander,apostto the court ofMary (Scots. Specimens of hwill be found in varilections, notably in Allsay

's Evergreen .

"

Scott. SirWalter (1771celebrated poet and t

distinguished novelist

age, whose works in pverse at once achievedlarity which they hasince retained. Scott ,more than any other

familiarised the peopl

best known being the Reel of Tana-hill. Robert (1774 aTullochgorm,

" and the Ewie

v i'

the Crookit Horn.

"

Skirving,Adam.atarmer ia d

dingtonshire, born 17 19 . died

1803. He was astaunch Jacobite. and is principally knownby his spirited ballad . Hey !

Johnnie Cope. are ye wankinyet i

”written in atit of joyous

en ltation in 1745. when Sir

John Cope . the Hanoverian

general . was so signally de

tes ted at Prestonpans by the

forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuait . called by his

adherents the lawful king .

and by the partisans of the

Guelphs “the Pretender. The

ballad still oontinues to bepopular in Scotland. Skirvingwrote

othersongsmut theyhave fallenStoddart, Thomas T od. born in1810 ; he pub lished. in 1831.“ The Deathwake. or Lunacy ;

"

The Art of Angling.“in 1836,

and others of the same type.

which have since been remodelled in the “ Angler

’s Oom

panion .

" awork stillmuch inrequest. He died in Kelso wherehe had long resided . in 1880.

Stone . Jerome (1727 aselitaoght scholar Md poet. who.froman itinerant pedlar. hecame assistant -master at the

Dankeld Grammar School. He

translated several poems from

Nation

writer of songs and ballads .

some of the best of which werecomposedwhilst workingat theloom. Some of themattaineda wide popularity. as, c.g. ,“ Jessie. the Flower of Dumblane,

”The Braes o

’Bal

quither.“and “GloomyWinter's

Walker. Charles . a travellingmendicantand ballad singer of

the last century. well known

and highly esteemed by allclasses in Aberdeenshireand theEast Coast of Scotland. and aswelcome to the rich as to thepoor in all the districts thathe favoured with his visits. He

attained the great age of 105years,and is said to have beenpresentat the battle ofCulloden .

He was afervent Jacobite. andauthor of the admirable bout

wright. His chief work wasBuike ofGodl ieand Spiritual!

Songs."

He also wrote two

plays exposing the corruptionsof the Roman Church .

Wilson. Alexander (1766

writer of Scottish poetry. He

in early life emigrated to America. where he devoted alargeporticmof his time to ornitho

logy. publishing s large and importantwcrkas the resnlt ot hisresearches. Several volumes ofpoems alsoappured nnder his

39 8 Did ionary of LowIand Scotch.

W i l s o n . j oh n, Christopher

North (1785 apopular

to which he contributed the

titled Noctes Ambrosiana.

”

He was Professor of MoralPhilosophy in the University of

the author of

known Tales of theand several dramasmthemost popular of tbeing

“ TheGowrie Co

and The H ighland

Enthusiast and

journer”

(in Spenseriahis he