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introductionXerostomia (dry mouth):Defined by Dr. Huchinson,1898.Is not a disease but a symptom caused by many factors.Not all people who complains of xerostomia actually has salivary gland dysfunction.

Salivary Flow

The average person produces approximately0.5 L 1.5 L per day (approximately 3 pints) Salivary flow: Peaks in the afternoon Decreases at night when the major salivary glands are lessactive

SymptomsSymptoms:Oral dryness (most common)

Burning sensation Loss of sense of taste or bizarre taste

halitosis

Difficulty in swallowing

Tongue tends to stick to the palate

Decreased retention of denture

SignsSigns:Saliva pool disappearMucosa: dry or glossyDuct orifices: viscous and opaque salivaTongue: glossitis fissured red with papilla atrophyAngular cheilitisRampant caries: cervical or cusp tipPeriodontitisCandidiasis

XEROSTOMIA: Epidemiology Factors that Affect Salivary Flow

AntacidAntianxietyAnticholinergicAnticonvulsantAntidepressantAntiemeticAntihistamineAntihypertensiveAntiparkinsonianAntipsychoticBronchodilatorCholesterol reducingDecongestantDiet pillsDiureticHormonal replacement therapyMuscle relaxantNarcotic analgesicSedative

Over 400 Medications Can Produce the Side Effect of Xerostomia7

EtiologyAgingFoods & drugsSystemic factorsRadiotherapySjogrens syndromeOther salivary gland diseases

Xerostomia and diabetesDry mouth is the term used to describe a lack of moisture in the mouth, which can be brought on by diabetes and its symptoms in particular.Saliva plays an important part in the mouth by acting to control levels of bacteria as well as neutralizing and washing away acid around teeth and gums.

Consistently high blood sugar levels is a common reason for dry mouth in people with diabetes.There are over 500 prescription and nonprescription medications that have been found to cause dry mouth. Medications that treat high blood pressure or other heart problems are used by many patients to manage complications of diabetes.

Risk Factors for XerostomiaA side effect of certain diseases and infections:

Sjgren's syndrome Sarcoidosis HIV/AIDS Alzheimer's disease Diabetes Anemia Cystic fibrosis Crohns disease Systemic LupusErythematosis Rheumatoid arthritis Hypertension Parkinson's disease Stroke Mumps Scleroderma Hepatitis

DiagnosisHistory takingSymptoms & clinical examinationSpecial investigationsSalivary flow rate, SFRSalivary scintiscanningSialochemical analysis & laboratory values Labial biopsySialography

The medical term for dry mouthChew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free hard candies.Limit your caffeine intake. Caffeine can make your mouth drier.Don't use mouthwashes that contain alcohol because they can be drying.Stop all tobacco use if you smoke or chew tobacco.Sip water regularly.Try over-the-counter saliva substitutes. Look for ones containing carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, such as Biotene Oral Balance.Avoid using over-the-counter antihistamines and decongestants because they can make your symptoms worse.Breathe through your nose, not your mouth.Add moisture to the air at night with a room humidifier.

Saliva is important to maintaining the health of your teeth and mouth. If you frequently have a dry mouth, steps to protect your oral health may also help your condition. Avoid sugary or acidic foods and candies because they increase the risk of tooth decay.Brush with a fluoride toothpaste. Ask your dentist if you might benefit from prescription fluoride toothpaste.Use a fluoride rinse or brush-on fluoride gel before bedtime.Chewing the gum (non sugar)