MODUL 6SKENARIO 6: DUA HARI TIDAK KULIAHFauzan (18 tahun), mahass!a FK "an# saat n m$n#%ut &'M '()% 1*+ su,ah ,uaha- ,$mam,an.atu%* Fauzan.$-).at %$/us%$smas* S$t$(ahm$(a%u%ananamn$ss,an/$m$-%saan0s%, ,)%t$- /us%$smas m$nu(s%an-$s$/.$-u/aant/-$t%, mu%)(t%,an1tamn* D)%t$- m$n"a-an%an a#a- ).at ,mnum t,a% .$-samaan ,$n#an ma%anan*S$t$(ah sam/a , t$m/at %)s, Fauzan m$mnum ).at "an# ,,a/at ,a- /us%$smas,an ,a(amsatu 2am,$mamtu-un* Sam.( st-ahat, Fauzan m$m.a3a s$.uah 2u-na(%$s$hatan* D ,a(am 2u-na( tu ,.ahas m$n#$na $0$% ).at t$-ha,a/ tu.uh ,an s$.a(%n"a.a#amana nas. ).at , ,a(am tu.uh, 2u#a ,.ahas ).at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a sa-a0 )t)n)m,.ah%an a,a ).at atau zat %ma "an# ,a/at m$nm.u(%an %$-a3unan, s$/$-t %$2a,an satumn##u "an# (a(us$)-an# mahass!a "an# mnum ns$%ts,a untu% m$n#a%h- h,u/n"a*'a#amana an,a m$n$-an#%an masa(ah ,atas 4Langkah1Mengklarifikasi terminologi dan konsep1* Ant/-$t%O.at "an# ,#una%an untu% m$nu-un%an suhu tu.uh "an# tn##*5* Mu%)(t% O.at "an# .$%$-2a ,$n#an 3a-am$n#u-an# %$%$nta(an ,aha% s$hn##a ,ha-a/%an ,aha%t$-s$.ut m$n2a, ($.h mu,ah ,%$(ua-%an*6* R$s$/ &$-mntaan t$-tu(s ,a- ,)%t$- %$/a,a a/)t$%$- untu% m$m.uat ,an m$n"$-ah%an ).att$-s$.ut %$/a,a /as$n*+* D$mam &$n"a%t "an# ,tan,a ,$n#an /$nn#%atan suhu tu.uh ,atas n)-ma( "atu ,atas 67 89*:* 'atu% M$%ansm$ tu.uh untu% m$m.$-sh%an sa(u-an /$-na/asan*6* ;tamn * A/a sa2a ).at "an# m$nm.u(%an %$-a3unan4 M$n#a/a4 S$(an ).ata, a/a sa2a zat "an#,a/at m$nm.u(%an %$-a3unan4 Ins$%ts,a O.at "an# m$n$%an SSO O.at ant ,$/-$san N)-.tu-atO.at a%an m$nm.u(%an $0$% t)%sstas a/a.(a %a,a-n"a ,a(am tu.uh .$-($.h*>7) N$u-)t-ansmtt$- "an# ,%$(ua-%an )($h s$-at /-a#an#()n sm/ats ,an/a-asm/ats a,a(ah as$t(%)(n N$u-)t-ansmt$- "an# ,%$(ua-%an )($h s$-at /as3a#an#()n /a-asm/ats a,a(ahas$t(%)(n N$u-)t-ansmt$- "an# ,%$(ua-%an )($h s$-at /as3a#an#()n sm/ats a,a(ahn)-$/n$0-n ,an $/n$0-n+*6* R$s$/t)- "an# .$%$-2a /a,a sst$m sa-a0 )t)n)m (St-n#$-:5>>8)+*6*1* Sst$m sa-a0 /a-asm/atsSst$m sa-a0 sm/ats m$m(% ,ua -$s$/t)-, "atu -$s$/t)- mus%a-n% ,an n%)tn%R$s$/t)- mus%a-n% t$-,a/at /a,a s$-a.ut /as3a#an#()n /a-asm/ataR$s$/t)- n%)tn% t$-,a/at /a,a s$-a.ut /-a#an#()n /a-asm/ats ,an #an#()n/a-asm/ats +*6*5* Sst$m sa-a0 sm/atsA(0a?1: '$%$-2a /a,a )t)t /)()s /$m.u(uh ,a-ahA(0a?5: '$%$-2a /a,a )t)t /)()s /$m.u(uh ,a-ah'$ta?1: '$%$-2a /a,a 2antun#'$ta?5: '$%$-2a /a,a )t)t /)()s /a-u+*+* O.at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a sa-a0 )t)n)m (@una!an:5>15)+*+*1* &a-asm/ats O.at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a -$s$/t)- mus%a-n%E0$%: m$stmu(as %$-2a as$t(%)(nA#)ns:as$t(%)(n, ns$%ts,a )-#an)0)s0atAnta#)ns:at-)/n, t-m$ta0an O.at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a -$s$/t)- n%)tn%E0$%: m$n#ham.at %$-2a as$t(%)(nA#)ns:N%)tnAnta#)ns:tu.)%u-a-n O.at "an# m$m(% %$-2a a#)ns ,s$.ut 2u#a ).at %)(n$-#% O.at "an# m$m(% %$-2a anta#)ns ,s$.ut 2u#a ).at ant%)(n$-#%+*+*5* Sm/ats O.at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a -$s$/t)- a(0a?1E0$%: K)nt-a%s /$m.u(uh ,a-ahA#)ns:E/n$0-n, n)-$/n$0-nAnta#)ns: &h$nt)(amn, /-as)zn O.at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a -$s$/t)- a(0a?5E0$%:R$(a%sas 2antun#, /$nu-unan t$%anan ,a-ahA#)ns:Kn,n, #uan0asnAnta#)ns:/$nt)(amn O.at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a -$s$/t)- .$ta?1E0$%:K)nt-a%s 2anun#A#)ns:,).utamnAnta#)ns:at$n)()(, .s)/-)()(,/-)/an)()( O.at "an# .$%$-2a /a,a -$s$/t)- .$ta?5E0$%: .-)n%),(atasA#)ns:sa(.utam)(, sa(mat$-)(, t$-.uta(nAnta#)ns: .utaCamn, /-)/-an)()(O.at "an# m$m(% $0$% a#)ns ,s$.ut a,-$n$-#3O.at "an# m$m(% $0$% anta#)ns ,s$.ut anta,-$n$-#3Mukolitik 'Luellmann% 2--"(Mu%)(t%a,a(ah).at .atu%.$-,aha%"an#.$%$-2a,$n#an3a-am$m.uat han3u-.$ntu%,aha% s$hn##a ,aha% t,a% (a# m$m(% s0at?s0at a(amn"a* Mu%)(t% .$%$-2a ,$n#an 3a-am$n#han3u-%an .$nan#?.$nan# mu%)/-)t$n ,an mu%)/)(sa%a-, a,a-,aha%* S$.a#a has(a%h-, ,aha% t,a% (a# .$-s0at %$nta( ,an ,$n#an .$#tu t,a% ,a/at .$-tahan , t$n##)-)%an(a# s$/$-t s$.$(umn"a*M$m.uat sa(u-an na0as .$.as ,a- ,aha%*Mu%)(t% m$-u/a%an ).at "an# ,/a%a untu% m$n#$n3$-%an mu%us "an# %$nta(, s$hn##amu,ah,$s%/$%t)-as*&$-ann"a s$.a#a t$-a/ tam.ahan/a,a.-)n%hts, /n$um)na*&a,a.-)n3hts %-)n%t$-a/ ,$n#anmu%)(t%han"a .$-,am/a%%$3( t$-ha,a/-$,u%s ,a-$%sas$-.as a%ut, namun .$-,am/a%-$,u%s "an# s#n0%an t$-ha,a/ 2um(ah ha- sa%t /as$n*A#$n"an#.an"a%,/a%a a,a(ahA3$t"(3"st$n"an#,a/at ,.$-%anm$(a(u n$.u(sasmau/un)-a(* M$%ansm$%$-2aa,a(ah,$n#an3a-am$m.u%a%atan#u#ussu(0,-( /a,amu3)/-)t$n s$hn##a m$nu-un%an 1s%)stas mu3us @am.a- 1aK.* M$%ansm$ %$-2a Mu%)(t% (Lu$((mann* 5>>:).bat2.bat Mukolitik 1* Ka-.)sst$n Ka-.)sst$n ('-)n3h)(t, Rhnat)() a,a(ah ,$-0at (1=6=) ,$n#an s0at ,an /$n##unaan sama*Lu#a ,a/at m$mutus%an 2$m.atan M 2$m.atan su(0u- ,a- mu%)/)(sa%a-,a , s$(a/ut ($n,-(am.un#, s$hn##a mu3us m$n2a, ($.h 3a-*D)ssn"a : 5?6 ,, 1 # 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9ibofla;in ':itamin 2( RDA untu% -.)0(a1n a,a(ah >,6 m#B1>>> %%a( /$-ha-* La, s$%ta- 1,5 m# /$-ha- untu%5>>>%%a( ,$t* Ana%?ana%,an!antaham( m$m.utuh%antam.ahan-.)0(a1n%a-$na1tamn n /$ntn# untu% /$-tum.uhan* Susu ,an /-),u%?/-),u% susu, msa(n"a %$2u, m$-u/a%an sum.$- "an# .a% untu%-.)0(a1n* Untu%tu%$t$-s$,aann"a,a(amma%anans$ha-?ha- san#at /$ntn#* Ham/-s$mua sa"u-an h2au,an .2?.2an m$n#an,un# -.)0(a1nF .-)%)(, 2amu- ,an.a"amm$-u/a%an sum.$- "an# .a%* S$/$-t ha(n"a thamn, -.)0(a1n .$-0un#s s$.a#a %)$nzm* R.)0(a1nm$m.antu$nzmuntu%m$n#has(%an$n$-# ,a- nut-s /$ntn#untu%tu.uhmanusa* R.)0(a1n.$-/$-an /a,a taha/ a%h- ,a- m$ta.)(sm$ $n$-# nut-s t$-s$.ut T,a% a,a /$n"a%t "an# .$-hu.un#an ,$n#an %$%u-an#an -.)0(a1n* K$%u-an#an-.)0(a1n,a/at m$n"$.a.%an#$2a(as$/$-t -tas, %u(t m$-ah,an%$-$ta%an%u(t ,$%at,$n#ansu,ut mata ,an..- s$/$-t ha(n"a s$nst1tas "an#.$-($.hant$-ha,a/sna-(/h)t)/h).a) * Ha( n ,a/at 2u#a m$n"$.a.%an %$-$ta%an /a,a su,ut mu(ut (3h$()ss)* 3ia+in ';itamin 3( RDA untu% na3n a,a(ah 6,6 m# NE (na3n $Pu1a($nts)B 1>>> %%a(, atau 16 m# /$-ha-*NE m$-u/a%an 2um(ah nasn "an# ,/$-)($h ,a(am ma%anan, t$-masu% na3n "an# s$3a-at$)- ,.uat ,a- /-$%us)- asam amn) t-/t)/han* 6> m# t-/t)/han ,a/at m$n#has(%an 1 m#na3n* Da#n#, un##as (a"am, t% ,(() ,an %an m$-u/a%an sum.$- utama nasn, sama ha(n"a-)t ,an s$-$a( (.2?.2an) "an# t$(ah ,/$-%a"a* Lamu-, as/a-a#us ,an sa"u-an h2aum$-u/a%an sum.$- "an# /a(n# .a%* Dua%)$nzm "an# ,.$ntu%)($hna3n,NAD,anNAD& ,.utuh%anuntu%.$.$-a/aa%t1tas m$ta.)(s, t$-utama m$ta.)(sm$ #(u%)sa, ($ma%,ana(%)h)(* Nasnm$m(%%$un%an ,anta-a 1tamn ' %a-$na tu.uh ,a/at m$m.$ntu%n"a ,a- asam amn) t-/t)/han*Nasn m$m.antu %$s$hatan %u(t, sst$m s"a-a0 ,an sst$m /$n3$-naan* &$((a#-a (/$n"a%t %$%u-an#an na3n), m$nun2u%%an #$2a(a s$/$-t ,$-matts, ,a-$ ,andementia * Ha( n m$(uas , .a#an s$(atan US /a,a a!a( 1=>>* @$2a(a %$%u-an#an na3n(ann"a a,a(ah %$h(an#an na0su ma%an, ($mah, /usn# ,an %$.n#un#an m$nta(* Ku(t ,a/atm$nun2u%%an #$2a(a ,$-matts sm$t-% .(at$-a(, %hususn"a /a,a ,a$-ah "an# t$-%$na sna-mataha- (an#sun#* Nasn ,a(am 2um(ah "an# .$sa- ,a/at m$n2a, -a3un /a,a sst$m s"a-a0, ($ma% ,a-ah ,an#u(a,a-ah* @$2a(aM#$2a(as$/$-tmuntah, (,ahm$m.$n#%a%,an/n#san,a/at t$-2a,*L$.h (an2ut, ha( n ,a/at .$-/$n#a-uh /a,a 0un#s hat ,an ,a/at m$n#a%.at%an t$%anan,a-ah -$n,ah* :itamin # 'Piridoksin< piridoksal< piridoksamin( K)$nzm1tamn '6 .$-/$-an /$ntn# ,a(amm$ta.)(sm$ asamamn), s$hn##a%)nsums s$ha-?ha- ha-us s$.an,n# ,$n#an %)nsums /-)t$n, %a-$na /-)t$n ,.uat ,a-asam amn)* RDA untu% 1tamn '6 a,a(ah >,16 m#B# /-)t$n* Rata?-ata %)nsums a,a(ah 5m#Bha- untu% /-a ,an 1,6 m#Bha- untu% !anta* Da#n#, %an ,an un##as (t%, a"am ,(() m$-u/a%an sum.$- utama 1tamn '6* Sum.$-"an# (an a,a(ah %$ntan#, .$.$-a/a sa"u-an h2au ,an .uah .$-!a-na un#u* ;tamn'6.$-/$-an,a(amm$ta.)(sm$asamamn),anasam($ma%* ;tamn'6m$m.antu tu.uh untu% m$nsnt$ss asam amn) n)n$s$nsa(* S$(an tu 2u#a .$-/$-an ,a(am/-),u%s s$( ,a-ah m$-ah* O-an#"an#m$m/un"a %a,a-1tamn'6-$n,ah, m$nun2u%%an#$2a(as$/$-t ($mah,s0at ($%as ma-ah,ansusaht,u-* S$(an2utn"a#$2a(a%$#a#a(an/$-tum.uhan, %$-usa%an0un#s m)t)-% ,an sa!an* D)ss tn## 1tamn '6 ,a(am !a%tu "an# (ama m$n"$.a.%an %$-usa%an s"a-a0, "an#%a,an#?%a,an# t,a% ,a/at ,/$-.a%* Ha( n ,mu(a ,$n#an mat -asa /a,a %a%Fs$(an2utn"a, /$-asaan h(an#/a,a tan#an ,anmu(ut "an# mun#%n m$n2a, mat -asa*K$mu,an#$2a(a%$-a3unana,a(ah%$su(tan.$-2a(an, %$($(ahan,ansa%t %$/a(a* K$t%a%)nsums ,%u-an#, #$2a(a?#$2a(a n .$-%u-an#, t$ta/ t,a% s$(a(u h(an# s$/$nuhn"a* &olat 'folasin< asam folat< asam pteroilglutamat( RDAuntu%0)(at a,a(ahs$%ta- 6m#B%#.$-at .a,an* Untu%/-a, %)nsums ha-ans$.a%n"as$%ta-5>>m#/$-ha- ,anuntu%!antas$%ta-18>m#/$-ha-* &$nn#%atan%)nsums 0)(at ,-$%)m$n,as%an s$(ama ham( ,an /a,a saat /$-tum.uhan s$(* K$%u-an#anasam0)(at ,a/at ,s$.a.%ant,a%han"a )($h%)nsums "an#-$n,ah, t$ta/ 2u#a )($h.$-%u-an#n"a /$n"$-a/an atau %$.utuhan m$ta.)(% "an# t,a% .asa untu% 1tamn* O-an#"an# m$n#%)nsums .an"a% a(%)h)( atau .an"a% m$n#%)nsums ma%anan "an# t,a%.$-%a()- 2u#a mu,ah %$%u-an#an 0)(at* S$(an tu, /a,a %)n,s "an# .$-hu.un#an ,$n#an/$-tum.uhan s$(, s$/$-t %$ham(an, %an%$- atau /$n"a%t %$-usa%an %u(t, s$/$-tmeasles ,m$nn#%at%an %$.utuhan a%an 0)(at* Sum.$- t$-.a% untu% 0)(at a,a(ah sa"u-?sa"u-an, %hususn"a sa"u-an .$-,aun h2au* Hat2u#a m$n#an,un# .an"a% 0)(at* Da#n#, susu ,an /-),u%?/-),u% susu m$n#an,un# s$,%t0)(at* F)(at m$-u/a%an .a#an ,a- ,ua %)$nzm "an# /$ntn# ,a(am snt$sa s$(?s$( .a-u* K$%u-an#an 0)(at ,a/at m$n"$.a.%an %$%u-an#an ,a-ah* @$2a(an"a .sa m$(uas, s$/$-ts$(?s$( ,a-ahm$-aht,a%matan#, "an#m$nun2u%%ansnt$saDNA"an#(am.at* Ha( n,s$.a.%ant,a%han"a)($h%$%u-an#an0)(at t$ta/ 2u#a)($h%$%u-an#an1tamn'15*@$2a(a (an ,a- %$%u-an#an 0)(at a,a(ah -asa /anas /a,a 2antun# (h$a-t.u-n), ,a-$ ,an s-n#t$-%$nan0$%s %a-$na /$n$%anan/a,asst$m%$%$.a(an* Ha( n m$m/$n#a-uh sst$ms"a-a0, m$n"$.a.%an ,$/-$s, %$.n#un#an m$nta(, %$($(ahan ,an /n#san* @$2a(a %$-a3unan a,a(ah ,a-$, susah t,u- ,an s0at mu,ah ma-ah* F)(at ,$n#an ,)sstn## ,a/at m$nutu/ %$%u-an#an 1tamn '15, %a-$na %$,ua 1tamn n .$-hu.un#an* :itamin 12 '7obalamin( RDA untu% 1tamn '15 a,a(ah s$%ta- 5 m%-)?#-am /$-ha-* ;tamn '15 han"a ,t$mu%an , ,a(am ,a#n# h$!an ,an /-),u%?/-),u% h$!an* O-an#"an#han"ama%ansa"u-an(1$#$ta-an),a/at m$(n,un# ,- s$n,- m$(a!an,$0s$ns(%$%u-an#an) ,$n#an m$nam.ah %)nsums susu, %$2u ,an t$(u-* Ha( n .$-a-t s$%ta- satu3an#%- susu atau satu .ut- t$(u- untu% satu ha-n"a* Untu% s$)-an# 1$#$ta-an "an# t,a%m$ma%an s$mua /-),u% ,a- h$!an ,a/at m$m/$-)($h sum.$- 1tamn '15 ,a- susu %$,$(aatau -a# "an# su,ah ,tum.uh%an ,a(am (n#%un#an "an# %a"a a%an 1tamn '15* ;tamn '15 .$-/$-an /$ntn# /a,a saat /$m.$(ahan s$( "an# .$-(an#sun# ,$n#an 3$/at*;tamn'152u#am$m$(ha-a(a/san"an#m$n#$((n# ,anm$(n,un# s$-at s"a-a0,anm$n,)-)n# /$-tum.uhan n)-ma(n"a* S$(an tu 2u#a .$-/$-an ,a(am a%t0tas ,anm$ta.)(sm$ s$(?s$( tu(an#* ;tamn '15 2u#a ,.utuh%an untu% m$($/as%an 0)(at, s$hn##a,a/at m$m.antu /$m.$ntu%an s$(?s$( ,a-ah m$-ah* K$%u-an#an 1tamn '15 ,a/at m$n"$.a.%an %$%u-an#an ,a-ah (an$ma), "an#s$.$na-n"a ,s$.a.%an )($h %$%u-an#an 0)(at* Tan/a 1tamn '15, 0)(at t,a% ,a/at .$-/$-an,a(am/$m.$ntu%ans$(?s$( ,a-ahm$-ah* @$2a(a%$%u-an#an(ann"aa,a(ahs$(?s$( ,a-ahm$-ahm$n2a, .$(ummatan#(mmatu-$), "an#m$nun2u%%ansnt$ssDNA "an#(am.at*K$%u-an#an 1tamn '15 ,a/at 2u#a m$m/$n#a-uh sst$m s"a-a0, .$-/$-an /a,a -$#$n$-ass"a-a0 /$-/h$-a(, m$n,)-)n# %$(um/uhan* S$(an tu 2u#a ,a/at m$n"$.a.%an h/$-s$nst0/a,a %u(t* )sam pantotenat Asam/ant)t$nat umumn"aa,a,a(ams$.a#an.$sa-ma%anan* Da#n#, %an, un##as(a"am, t% ,((), s$mua .2?.2an ,an sa"u-an m$-u/a%an sum.$- utama* Asam /ant)t$nat .$-/$-an ,a(am m$ta.)(sm$ s$.a#a .a#an ,a- %)$nzm A* K)$nzmn .$-/$-anuntu%m$m.a!am)($%u(,a(am/-)s$s/$m$3ahan#(u%)sa, asam($ma%,anm$ta.)(sm$ $n$-#* @$2a(a %$%u-an#an 2a-an# t$-2a,, ta/ ,a/at m$n"$.a.%an muntah, su(t t,u- ,an%$($(ahan*@$2a(a %$-a3unan %a,an#?%a,an# m$n"$.a.%an ,a-$ ,an /$-ut %$m.un#* iotin ':itamin =( ')tn ,.utuh%an ,a(am 2um(ah "an# san#at %$3(, 2a, t,a% a,a n(a RDA* &$-%-aanaman ,an 3u%u/"an#,a/at,%)nsums ,a(am ma%anan s$ha-?ha- anta-a 6>?1>> m%-)?#-am /$-ha-* ')tn ,t$mu%an ,a(am s$2um(ah .$sa- ma%anan* Umumn"a ,$0s$ns t,a% t$-2a, /a,as$s$)-an# "an# m$n#%)nsums .$-.a#a ma%anan* D.an,n#%an ,$n#an .$-.a#a 1tamn ' "an# (an, s$,%t s$%a( "an# ,%$tahu t$ntan#0un#s .)tn s$/$-t "an# ,t$mu%an .a-u?.a-u n* ')tn m$man%an /$-anan /$ntn# ,a(amm$ta.)(sm$ %a-.)h,-at, ($ma% ,an /-)t$n* K$%u-an#an.)tn2a-an#t$-2a,, t$ta/ ,a/at mun3u( /a,a/as$n-umahsa%t "an#m$n##una%an n0us* Ha( n ,a/at m$n"$.a.%an #$2a(a s$/$-t %$h(an#an na0su ma%an, mua(,,$/-$s, %$($mahan ,an %$($(ahan* D)ss tam.ahan .)tn ,.$-%an /a,a /as$n untu%m$n3$#ah ,$0s$ns* :itamin 1 RDA untu% 1tamn 9 a,a(ah 6> m#Bha-, ta/ ha( n .$-1a-as /a,a s$ta/ n,1,u* St-$s0s%s$/$-t (u%a .a%a-,n0$%s,%$-a3unan ()#am .$-at,-)%)%,/$n##unaant$-us?m$n$-us).at?).atant$-t$ntu(t$-masu%as/-n, ).at t,u-) m$nn#%at%an%$.utuhantu.uha%an1tamn 9* &$-)%)% m$m.utuh%an 1tamn 9 s$%ta- 1>> m#Bha- L$-u% m$-u/a%an sum.$- utama 1tamn 9* '-)%)(, sa"u-an 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