TUGAS AKHIR - eprints.undip.ac.ideprints.undip.ac.id/34643/3/2056_preliminary.pdf · hidayah-Nya &...

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TUGAS AKHIR

PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DERMAGA PANGKALAN TNI

ANGKATAN LAUT TARAKAN - KALIMANTAN TIMUR

(Development Planning Pier of Naval Indonesian National Army Base

Tarakan - East Kalimantan)

Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat

Dalam menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Sarjana ( Strata-I )

Reguler II Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Diponegoro

Semarang

Disusun oleh :

OBO PULIH BUDILAKSONO L2A6 04 046

DENY SISMIYANTO L2A6 05 021

PROGRAM S1 REGULER II JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

SEMARANG

2009

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

TUGAS AKHIR

PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DERMAGA PANGKALAN TNI ANGKATAN LAUT TARAKAN - KALIMANTAN TIMUR

(Development Planning Pier of Naval Indonesian National Army Base Tarakan - East Kalimantan)

Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat akademis

Dalam menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Sarjana Strata-I Jurusan Teknik Sipil S1 Reguler II Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Diponegoro Semarang

Disusun oleh :

OBO PULIH BUDILAKSONO L2A6 04 046 DENY SISMIYANTO L2A6 05 021

Semarang, Desember 2009

Disetujui,

Mengetahui, Ketua Program Reguler II

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro

Ir. Moga Narayudha, SP1. NIP. 19520202 198003 1005

Dosen Pembimbing I

Ir. Muhrozi, MS. NIP. 19590714 198703 1001

Dosen Pembimbing II

Priyo Nugroho P, ST. MEng. NIP. : 19710429 199802 1001

KATA PENGANTAR

iii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena kami dapat

menyelesaikan Laporan Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Perencanaan Pembangunan Dermaga

Pangkalan TNI Angkatan Laut Tarakan - Kalimantan Timur”.

Tugas Akhir ini merupakan salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang berbobot 4 (empat) sks dan

juga merupakan syarat akademis dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan Strata 1 di Fakultas

Teknik Jurusan Sipil Universitas Diponegoro.

Dalam pembuatan Laporan Tugas Akhir ini data-data yang telah saya peroleh baik

melalui pengamatan secara langsung maupun wawancara menjadi acuan utama di samping

buku-buku literatur dan pengetahuan yang telah didapat selama mengikuti perkuliahan.

Atas selesainya Laporan Tugas Akhir ini, saya ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

1. Allah SWT, segala puji hanya bagi Engkau Tuhan semesta alam dan segala rahmat dan

hidayah-Nya & Nabi Muhammad SAW, atas segala suri tauladannya.

2. Kedua orang tua kami dan keluarga kami yang senantiasa telah memberikan kasih

sayang, pengertian dan perhatian, pengorbanan, kerelaan, kesabaran, doa, serta segala

sesuatu yang tidak pernah dapat dituliskan dan terpikirkan.

3. Ibu Ir. Sri Sangkawati, MS. selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Diponegoro.

4. Bapak Ir. Moga Narayudha, SP1 selaku Ketua Program Reguler II Jurusan Sipil Fakultas

Teknik Universitas Diponegoro.

5. Bapak Ir. Hardi Wibowo, MT. selaku Sekretaris Program Reguler II Jurusan Sipil

Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro.

6. Bapak Ir. Muhrozi, MS. selaku dosen pembimbing I yang telah memberikan bimbingan

dan masukan berharga bagi penyusun.

7. Bapak Priyo Nugroho P., ST., MEng. selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah

memberikan bimbingan dan masukan berharga bagi penyusun.

8. Bapak Dr. Ir. Nuroji, MT. selaku dosen wali sdr. Obo Pulih Budilaksono yang selalu

memberikan masukan-masukan demi kelancaran perkuliahan.

9. Bapak Ir. Slamet Hargono, Dipl. Ing. selaku dosen wali sdr. Deny Sismiyanto yang selalu

memberikan masukan-masukan demi kelancaran perkuliahan.

10. Seluruh dosen, staf dan karyawan Jurusan Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro

Semarang atas jasa-jasanya selama kami menuntut ilmu.

11. Rekan – rekan mahasiswa pada Jurusan Sipil Reguler II Fakultas Teknik Universitas

Diponegoro, yang telah memberikan dukungan dan saran-sarannya.

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12. Serta semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu

hingga terselesainya penyusunan laporan ini.

Kami sadar bahwa laporan ini jauh dari sempurna, karena itu kritik dan saran yang

bersifat membangun sangat diharapkan.

Demikian laporan ini kami buat, semoga dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak yang

memerlukannya.

Semarang, Desember 2009

Penyusun

DAFTAR ISI

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................................. i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................. iii

DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................................ xvii

DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................................ xxiv

BAB I - PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................................1

1.1. TINJAUAN UMUM ..................................................................................................1

1.2. LATAR BELAKANG ...............................................................................................1

1.3. MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN ........................................................................................2

1.4. PETA LOKASI ..........................................................................................................2

1.5. TINJAUAN PERENCANAAN .................................................................................3

1.6. SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN LAPORAN ..............................................................4

BAB II - STUDI PUSTAKA .....................................................................................................6

2.1. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................................6

2.2. MACAM-MACAM PELABUHAN ..........................................................................6

2.2.1. Ditinjau dari segi penyelengaraannya ....................................................................6

a. Pelabuhan umum .................................................................................................. 6

b. Pelabuhan khusus ................................................................................................. 6

2.2.2. Ditinjau dari segi pengusahaanya ..........................................................................7

a. Pelabuhan yang diusahakan ................................................................................. 7

b. Pelabuhan yang tidak diusahakan ........................................................................ 7

2.2.3. Ditinjau dari fungsinya dalam perdagangan nasional dan internasional ...............7

a. Pelabuhan laut ...................................................................................................... 7

b. Pelabuhan pantai .................................................................................................. 7

2.2.4. Ditinjau dari segi penggunaanya ............................................................................7

2.2.5. Ditinjau menurut letak geografis ...........................................................................7

a. Pelabuhan alam .................................................................................................... 7

b. Pelabuhan buatan ................................................................................................. 8

2.2.6. Pelabuhan semi alam..............................................................................................8

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2.3. PELABUHAN MILITER ..........................................................................................8

2.3.1. Definisi Pelabuhan Militer .....................................................................................8

2.3.2. Fungsi Pelabuhan Militer .......................................................................................8

2.3.3. Fasilitas Pelabuhan Militer ....................................................................................8

a. Fasilitas Pokok (Basic Facilities) ........................................................................ 8

b. Fasilitas Fungsional ............................................................................................. 8

2.4. HIDRO-OSEANOGRAFI .......................................................................................10

2.4.1. Angin....................................................................................................................10

a. Beberapa Tipe Pasang Surut .............................................................................. 13

b. Pasang Surut Purnama dan Perbani ................................................................... 16

c. Beberapa Definisi Elevasi Muka Air ................................................................. 17

d. Elevasi Muka Air Rencana ................................................................................ 18

2.4.3. Gelombang ...........................................................................................................20

a. Teori Gelombang Air ......................................................................................... 20

1) Profil muka air ...................................................................................................21

2) Cepat rambat dan panjang gelombang ...............................................................22

3) Klasifikasi gelombang menurut kedalaman relatif ............................................22

4) Kecepatan partikel air ........................................................................................23

5) Perpindahan partikel ..........................................................................................24

6) Tekanan gelombang ...........................................................................................25

7) Kecepatan kelompok gelombang .......................................................................26

8) Energy dan tenaga gelombang ...........................................................................26

b. Refraksi Gelombang .......................................................................................... 26

c. Difraksi Gelombang ........................................................................................... 30

d. Hitungan Difraksi Gelombang ........................................................................... 31

e. Gelombang Laut Dalam Ekivalen ...................................................................... 31

f. Refleksi Gelombang........................................................................................... 31

g. Gelombang Pecah .............................................................................................. 33

h. Gelombang Alam ............................................................................................... 38

i. Pembangkit Gelombang ..................................................................................... 38

1) Kecepatan angin .................................................................................................39

2) Fetch ...................................................................................................................40

3) Peramalan Gelombang di Laut Dalam ...............................................................41

j. Pemilihan Gelombang Rencana ......................................................................... 43

2.4.4. Transpor Sedimen Pantai .....................................................................................44

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2.5. DASAR-DASAR PERENCANAAN DERMAGA MILITER ................................45

2.5.1. Kapal ....................................................................................................................45

a. Beberapa Definisi Kapal .................................................................................... 45

b. Jenis Kapal ......................................................................................................... 46

c. Karakteristik Kapal ............................................................................................ 47

d. Karakteristik Kapal TNI Angkatan Laut ............................................................ 49

2.5.2. Pemilihan Lokasi Dermaga ..................................................................................50

a. Topografi dan Geologi ....................................................................................... 50

b. Tinjauan Pelayaran............................................................................................. 51

c. Tinjauan Sedimentasi ......................................................................................... 51

d. Tinjauan Gelombang dan Arus .......................................................................... 52

e. Tinjauan Kedalaman Air .................................................................................... 52

2.5.3. Ukuran dan Bentuk Pelabuhan .............................................................................53

2.5.4. Pemecah Gelombang ...........................................................................................53

2.5.5. Lokasi dan Lebar Mulut Pelabuhan .....................................................................54

2.5.6. Perencanaan Fasilitas Dasar .................................................................................55

a. Alur Pelayaran ................................................................................................... 55

1) Pemilihan Karakteristik Alur .............................................................................56

2) Kedalaman Alur .................................................................................................57

a) Draft Kapal .....................................................................................................58

b) Squat ...............................................................................................................58

c) Gerak Kapal karena Pengaruh Gelombang ....................................................59

3) Lebar Alur ..........................................................................................................60

4) Layout Alur Pelayaran .......................................................................................61

5) Kolam Pelabuhan ...............................................................................................63

a) Kolam Putar....................................................................................................64

b) Kedalaman Kolam Pelabuhan ........................................................................64

c) Ketenangan di Pelabuhan ...............................................................................66

b. Dermaga ............................................................................................................. 66

1) Pemilihan Tipe Dermaga ...................................................................................67

a) Tinjauan Topografi Daerah Pantai .................................................................67

b) Jenis Kapal yang Dilayani ..............................................................................67

c) Daya Dukung Tanah.......................................................................................68

2) Wharf..................................................................................................................68

3) Pier atau Jetty ....................................................................................................72

4) Ukuran Dermaga ................................................................................................74

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5) Gaya-Gaya Yang Bekerja Pada Dermaga ..........................................................78

a) Gaya Benturan Kapal .....................................................................................78

b) Gaya Akibat Angin.........................................................................................81

c) Gaya Akibat Arus ...........................................................................................82

d) Gaya Tarikan Kapal pada Dermaga ...............................................................82

c. Fender dan Alat Penambat ................................................................................. 84

1) Fender ................................................................................................................84

a) Fender Kayu ...................................................................................................84

b) Fender Karet ...................................................................................................85

c) Fender Gravitasi .............................................................................................85

2) Perencanaan Fender ...........................................................................................85

3) Alat Penambat ....................................................................................................87

a) Boulder / Alat Pengikat ..................................................................................88

b) Pelampung Penambat (Mooring Buoy) ..........................................................89

c) Dolphin ...........................................................................................................91

2.6. SIFAT-SIFAT TANAH DAN BATUAN ................................................................92

2.6.1. Tanah....................................................................................................................92

a. Identifikasi Tanah .............................................................................................. 92

b. Kadar Air, Angka Pori, Porositas, dan Berat Volume Tanah ........................... 92

c. Analisis Ukuran Butiran .................................................................................... 94

d. Kuat Geser ......................................................................................................... 95

e. Permeabilitas ...................................................................................................... 97

f. Tegangan Efektif ................................................................................................ 98

g. Sifat-Sifat Teknis Tanah .................................................................................... 98

h. Klasifikasi Tanah ............................................................................................... 99

2.6.2. Batuan ................................................................................................................100

a. Sifat-sifat Teknis Batuan.................................................................................. 101

b. Kapasitas Dukung ............................................................................................ 101

2.6.3. Penyelidikan Tanah ............................................................................................101

a. Cara Penyelidikan Tanah ................................................................................. 101

b. Alat-alat Penyelidikan Tanah ........................................................................... 102

c. Penanganan Contoh Tanah .............................................................................. 105

d. Laporan Hasil Pengeboran ............................................................................... 105

e. Penyelidikan Tanah di Lapangan ..................................................................... 106

1) Uji sondir .........................................................................................................107

2) Uji penetrasi standar (SPT) ..............................................................................115

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3) Uji penetrasi kerucut statis ...............................................................................117

4) Uji beban plat ...................................................................................................117

5) Uji geser kipas di Lapangan .............................................................................118

f. Pengujian Tanah di Laboratorium ................................................................... 120

g. Denah Titik-titik Penyelidikan ......................................................................... 121

h. Kedalaman Lubang Bor ................................................................................... 122

i. Informasi yang Dibutuhkan untuk Penyelidikan Tanah .................................. 123

j. Laporan Penyelidikan Tanah untuk Perancangan Pondasi .............................. 123

2.6.4. Penurunan Tanah Akibat Timbunan di Atasnya ................................................124

2.6.5. Pondasi Tiang.....................................................................................................126

a. Tiang Ujung Ujung dan Tiang Gesek .............................................................. 126

b. Kelakuan Tiang Selama Pembebanan .............................................................. 126

c. Pengaruh Pekerjaan Pemasangan Tiang .......................................................... 127

d. Hitungan Kapasitas Tiang ................................................................................ 129

1) Kapasitas ultimit cara statis .............................................................................129

2) Kapasitas tiang dalam tanah granuler ..............................................................131

3) Kapasitas tiang dalam tanah kohesif ................................................................134

e. Faktor Alam ..................................................................................................... 136

f. Kapasitas Tiang dari Rumus Dinamis.............................................................. 137

1) Alat Pancang Tiang ..........................................................................................137

2) Rumus Pancang ................................................................................................139

3) Pemilihan Pemukul Tiang ................................................................................141

4) Catatan Pemancangan Tiang (Pile Driving Record) ........................................141

5) Penyemprotan Air (Water Jetting) ...................................................................142

g. Kapasitas Kelompok Tiang .............................................................................. 143

h. Gesek Dinding Negatif .................................................................................... 143

1) Tiang Tunggal ..................................................................................................144

2) Kelompok Tiang ..............................................................................................145

i. Penurunan Tiang .............................................................................................. 146

1) Penurunan Tiang Tunggal ................................................................................146

2) Penurunan Kelompok Tiang ............................................................................147

j. Jarak Tiang ....................................................................................................... 147

k. Perancangan Pelat Penutup Tiap (Pile Cap) .................................................... 148

l. Tiang Penahan Gaya Tarik ke Atas ................................................................. 149

1) Tiang Tunggal ..................................................................................................149

2) Kelompok Tiang ..............................................................................................150

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m. Tiang Mendukung Beban Lateral .................................................................... 150

1) Tiang Ujung Tepi dan Tiang Ujung Bebas ......................................................150

2) Gaya Lateral Ijin ..............................................................................................151

3) Hitungan Tahanan Beban Lateral Ultimit ........................................................151

4) Defleksi Tiang Vertikal....................................................................................153

5) Tiang Miring ....................................................................................................154

n. Kekuatan Bahan Tiang ..................................................................................... 155

o. Ikatan Tiang-tiang dengan Pelat Penutup Tiang .............................................. 156

BAB III - METODOLOGI ....................................................................................................157

3.1. SKEMA (FLOWCHART) PERENCANAAN........................................................157

3.2. PENGUMPULAN DATA .....................................................................................159

3.3. PENGOLAHAN DATA ........................................................................................160

BAB IV - ANALISA DATA .................................................................................................162

4.1. TINJAUNAN UMUM ...........................................................................................162

4.2. ANALISA HYDRO-OCEANOGRAPHY ...............................................................162

4.2.1. Mawar Angin (Windrose) ..................................................................................162

4.2.2. Analisa Pasang Surut .........................................................................................164

4.2.3. Analisa Gelombang ............................................................................................166

a. Panjang Fetch ...................................................................................................... 166

b. Peramalan Gelombang dengan Fetch .................................................................. 176

1. Estimasi Angin Permukaan Laut .....................................................................176

2. Tegangan Angin ...............................................................................................178

3. Peramalan Gelombang Perairan Dalam ...........................................................180

c. Mawar Gelombang (Waverose) ........................................................................... 182

d. Statistik Gelombang ............................................................................................ 182

e. Kala Gelombang .................................................................................................. 183

1) Metode Fisher-Tippet Tipe I ............................................................................184

2) Metode Weibull ...............................................................................................187

4.3. LAYOUT RENCANA ...........................................................................................194

4.3.1. Pelabuhan ...........................................................................................................194

a. Data Kapal ........................................................................................................... 194

b. Kedalaman Alur ................................................................................................... 194

c. Lebar Alur Pelayaran ........................................................................................... 195

d. Kolam Pelabuhan ................................................................................................. 196

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4.3.2. Layout Pelabuhan...............................................................................................196

a. Layout Breakwater .............................................................................................. 199

b. Layout Dermaga .................................................................................................. 199

4.4. ANALISA HASIL PENGUJIAN TANAH ...........................................................200

4.4.1. Sondir .................................................................................................................201

4.4.2. Boring & SPT ....................................................................................................207

4.4.3. Hasil Analisa Properti Tanah .............................................................................209

BAB V - PERENCANAAN ..............................................................................................211

5.1. DERMAGA ...........................................................................................................211

5.1.1. Penentuan Elevasi Dermaga ..............................................................................211

5.1.2. Panjang Dermaga ...............................................................................................214

5.1.3. Lebar Dermaga...................................................................................................214

5.1.4. Pembebanan Struktur Dermaga .........................................................................217

a. Gaya Vertikal ................................................................................................... 217

1) Beban mati (dead load) ....................................................................................217

2) Beban hidup (live load) ....................................................................................217

a) Beban “T” .....................................................................................................217

b) Beban “D” ....................................................................................................218

3) Beban kejut ......................................................................................................220

4) Beban air hujan (R) ..........................................................................................220

b. Beban horizontal (lateral) ................................................................................ 220

1) Gaya benturan kapal ........................................................................................220

2) Gaya tarikan kapal ...........................................................................................224

3) Gaya akibat angin ............................................................................................224

4) Gaya akibat arus ...............................................................................................226

5) Gaya akibat gelombang....................................................................................227

6) Gaya akibat gempa ...........................................................................................232

c. Kombinasi Pembebanan Dermaga ................................................................... 235

5.1.5. Perhitungan Pelat Lantai Dermaga ....................................................................236

a. Penentuan Tebal Pelat Lantai (h) ..................................................................... 237

b. Perhitungan Tulangan Pelat Lantai .................................................................. 238

5.1.6. Perhitungan Balok Beton Dermaga ...................................................................246

a. Penentuan dimensi balok ................................................................................. 246

Batas bidang longsor

xii

b. Perhitungan Tulangan Balok Dermaga ............................................................ 250

1) Balok Memanjang 250 x 500 (B1)...................................................................255

a) Tulangan lapangan bawah (tulangan tarik) ..................................................255

b) Tulangan lapangan atas (tulangan tekan) .....................................................255

c) Tulangan tumpuan atas (tulangan tarik) .......................................................256

d) Tulangan tumpuan bawah (tulangan tekan) .................................................256

e) Tulangan geser (sengkang) tumpuan............................................................256

f) Tulangan geser (sengkang) lapangan ...........................................................257

2) Balok Melintang 200 x 400 (B2) .....................................................................259




d) Tulangan lapangan atas (tulangan tekan) .....................................................260



3) Balok Listplank 300 x 1000 (B3).....................................................................263




d) Tulangan tumpuan bawah (tulangan tekan) .................................................264



5.1.7. Perhitungan Poer (Pile Cap)...............................................................................267

a. Poer Tipe 1 (single pile ”850x850”) ............................................................... 267

b. Poer Tipe 2 (double pile ”1500x1000”) .......................................................... 267

5.1.8. Perhitungan Tiang Pancang Dermaga ................................................................270

a. Tiang Pancang Tegak ....................................................................................... 271

b. Tiang Pancang Miring...................................................................................... 273

5.1.9. Fender ................................................................................................................276

a. Fender sisi depan dermaga ............................................................................... 276

b. Fender sisi belakang dermaga .......................................................................... 280

5.1.10. Alat Penambat ....................................................................................................285

a. Alat penambat untuk sisi depan demaga .......................................................... 285

b. Alat penambat untuk sisi belakang demaga ..................................................... 286

xiii

5.1.11. Perhitungan Pondasi Dermaga ...........................................................................288

a. Data Teknis pondasi ......................................................................................... 288

b. Perhitungan Daya Dukung Tiang Pancang ...................................................... 289

1) Tahanan gesek ultimit ......................................................................................289

2) Tahanan ujung ..................................................................................................289

3) Kapasitas ultimit netto tiang ............................................................................290

4) Efisiensi kelompok tiang pancang ...................................................................290

c. Perhitungan Tiang Menahan Gaya Tarik ke Atas ............................................ 291

5.2. TRESTLE................................................................................................................262

5.2.1. Penentuan Elevasi Trestle ..................................................................................262

5.2.2. Panjang Trestle...................................................................................................293

5.2.3. Lebar Trestle ......................................................................................................293

5.2.4. Pembebanan Struktur Trestle .............................................................................296

a. Gaya Vertikal ................................................................................................... 296

1) Beban mati (dead load) ....................................................................................296

2) Beban hidup (live load) ....................................................................................296

a) Beban “T” .....................................................................................................296

b) Beban “D” ....................................................................................................297

3) Beban kejut ......................................................................................................299

4) Beban air hujan (R) ..........................................................................................299

b. Beban horizontal (lateral) ................................................................................ 299

a. Gaya akibat gempa ...........................................................................................299

c. Kombinasi Pembebanan Trestle ...................................................................... 302

5.2.5. Perhitungan Pelant Lantai Trestle ......................................................................302

a. Penentuan Tebal Pelat Lantai (h) ..................................................................... 304

b. Perhitungan Tulangan Pelat Lantai .................................................................. 304

5.2.6. Perhitungan Balok Beton Trestle .......................................................................313

a. Penentuan dimensi balok ................................................................................. 313

b. Perhitungan Tulangan Balok Trestle ............................................................... 317

1) Balok Memanjang 250 x 500 (BT1) ................................................................323

2) Balok Memanjang 150 x 300 (BT2) ................................................................325

5.2.7. Perhitungan Poer (Pile Cap) 700x700 cm ..........................................................327

5.2.8. Perhitungan Tiang Pancang Trestle ...................................................................328

5.2.9. Perhitungan Pondasi...........................................................................................330

a. Data Teknis pondasi ......................................................................................... 330

xiv

b. Perhitungan Daya Dukung Tiang Pancang ...................................................... 331

1) Tahanan gesek ultimit ......................................................................................331

2) Tahanan ujung ..................................................................................................331

3) Kapasitas ultimit netto tiang ............................................................................332

4) Efisiensi kelompok tiang pancang ...................................................................332

c. Perhitungan Tiang Menahan Gaya Tarik ke Atas ............................................ 332

5.3. CAUSEWAY ...........................................................................................................334

5.3.1. Dimensi Causeway.............................................................................................334

a. Elevasi Puncak Causeway ................................................................................ 336

b. Berat Butir Lapis Pelindung Causeway ........................................................... 336

c. Tebal Lapis Pelindung Causeway .................................................................... 337

d. Jumlah Batu Pelindung Causeway ................................................................... 337

5.3.2. Analisa Daya Dukung Tanah Causeway ............................................................338

a. Kapasitas Daya dunkung tanah ........................................................................ 341

b. Kapasitas Ultimit Daya Dunkung Tanah ......................................................... 342

c. Penurunan Total Konstruksi Causeway ........................................................... 344

d. Stabilitas Lereng (Slope Stability) ................................................................... 345

5.4. AREA REKLAMASI ............................................................................................351

5.4.1. Pendimensian Konstruksi Penahan Tanah Area Reklamasi ..............................351

5.4.2. Analisa Daya Dukung Tanah .............................................................................352

5.4.3. Prediksi Penurunan Total Konstruksi ................................................................355

5.4.4. Stabilitas Lereng (Slope Stability) .....................................................................356

BAB VI - SPESIFIKASI TEKNIK........................................................................................360

PASAL 1 : PERATURAN UMUM ..................................................................................360

PASAL 2 : LINGKUP PEKERJAAN ...............................................................................361

PASAL 3 : PEKERJAAN PERSIAPAN ...........................................................................362

PASAL 4 : SETTING OUT / UITZET................................................................................362

PASAL 5 : PATOK-PATOK REFERENSI DAN BOUWPLANK ..................................363

PASAL 6 : MATERIAL ....................................................................................................363

PASAL 7 : KODE, STANDARD, SERTIFIKASI DAN LITERATUR PABRIK ...........363

PASAL 8 : PENJELASAN SYARAT-SYARAT KERJA DANADMINISTRASI ..........364

PASAL 9 : LALU LINTAS ...............................................................................................364

PASAL 10 : CUACA .........................................................................................................364

PASAL 11 : FASILITAS SEMENTARA .........................................................................365

PASAL 12 : PERALATAN ...............................................................................................365

xv

PASAL 13 : JADWAL PELAKSANAAN ........................................................................365

PASAL 14 : KESELAMATAN KERJA ...........................................................................366

PASAL 15 : PEMERIKSAAN PEKERJAAN ..................................................................366

PASAL 16 : BAHAN AGREGAT BETON ......................................................................367

PASAL 17 : BAJA TULANGAN......................................................................................368

PASAL 18 : SEMEN .........................................................................................................368

PASAL 19 : AIR KERJA ..................................................................................................369

PASAL 20 : BEKISTING ..................................................................................................369

PASAL 21 : GEOTEXTILE ..............................................................................................370

PASAL 22 : TIANG PANCANG BAJA ...........................................................................371

PASAL 23 : MOBILISASI DAN DEMOBILISASI .........................................................371

PASAL 24 : PEKERJAAN TANAH .................................................................................373

PASAL 25 : PEKERJAAN PENGECORAN BETON ......................................................374

Pasal 26 : PERCOBAAN CAMPURAN (MIX DESIGN) .................................................375

Pasal 27 : PEKERJAAN CAUSEWAY ............................................................................375

Pasal 28 : PEMANCANGAN TIANG ..............................................................................376

Pasal 29 : SISTEM FENDER ............................................................................................379

Pasal 30 : ALAT PENAMBAT (BITT & BOLLARD) .......................................................380

Pasal 31 : PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN .........................................................................381

Pasal 32 : PENUTUP .........................................................................................................381

BAB VII – RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA ....................................................................382

7.1. REKAPITULASI RENCANA ANGGRAN BIAYA ............................................383

7.2. DAFTAR KUANTITAS DAN HARGA ...............................................................384

7.3. ANALISA HARGA SATUAN PEKERJAAN ......................................................386

7.4. DAFTAR HARGA SATUAN UPAH ...................................................................400

7.5. DAFTAR HARGA SATUAN ALAT ...................................................................400

7.6. DAFTAR HARGA SATUAN BAHAN ................................................................401

7.7. NETWORK PLANNING (NWP)..........................................................................403

7.8. GANTT CHART ...................................................................................................404

7.9. JADWAL PELAKSANAAN ”KURVA S”...........................................................405

BAB VIII – PENUTUP .........................................................................................................406

8.1. KESIMPULAN ......................................................................................................406

8.2. SARAN ..................................................................................................................409

xvi

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................................ 410

LAMPIRAN

GAMBAR RENCANA....................................................................................... LAMPIRAN A

LEMBAR ASISTENSI....................................................................................... LAMPIRAN B

SURAT-SURAT ADMINISTRASI TUGAS AKHIR ....................................... LAMPIRAN C

LAPORAN SURVEY......................................................................................... LAMPIRAN D

DATA ANGIN.................................................................................................... LAMPIRAN E

DATA PASANG SUSUT................................................................................... LAMPIRAN F

DATA TANAH .................................................................................................. LAMPIRAN G

DAFTAR HARGA SATUAN ............................................................................ LAMPIRAN H

TABEL-TABEL PERHITUNGAN..................................................................... LAMPIRAN I

BROSUR-BROSUR ............................................................................................ LAMPIRAN J

PETA LAUT NO. 259 ........................................................................................

LAMPIRAN K

Batas bidang longsor

DAFTAR GAMBAR

xvii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 : Lokasi Dermaga Lanal Tarakan – Kaltim ............................................................3

Gambar 2.1 : Mawar angin ......................................................................................................13

Gambar 2.2 : Tipe pasang surut ...............................................................................................15

Gambar 2.3 : Kedudukan bumi-bulan-matahari saat pasang ...................................................16

Gambar 2.4 : Variasi pasang surut karena perubahan tata letak ..............................................17

Gambar 2.5 : Kurva pasang surut dan beberapa elevasi muka air ...........................................19

Gambar 2.6 : Definisi gelombang ............................................................................................21

Gambar 2.7 : Profil muka air karena adanya gelombang .........................................................22

Gambar 2.8 : Distribusi kecepatan partikel pada kedalaman ...................................................24

Gambar 2.9 : gerak orbit partikel air di laut dangkal, transisi dan dalam ................................25

Gambar 2.10 : Tekanan gelombang .........................................................................................25

Gambar 2.11 : Refraksi gelombang .........................................................................................27

Gambar 2.12 : Refraksi gelombang pada kontur lurus dan sejajar ..........................................28

Gambar 2.13 : Difraksi gelombang di belakang rintangan ......................................................30

Gambar 2.14 : Profil muka air di depan bangunan vertical .....................................................32

Gambar 2.15 : Grafik tinggi gelobang pecah ...........................................................................36

Gambar 2.16 : Grafik kedalaman gelombang pecah ................................................................37

Gambar 2.17 : Pencatatan gelombang di suatu tempat ............................................................38

Gambar 2.18 : Grafik hubungan antara kecepatan angin di laut dan darat ..............................40

Gambar 2.19 : Fetch .................................................................................................................41

Gambar 2.20 : Grafik peramalan gelombang ...........................................................................42

Gambar 2.21 : Dimensi Kapal .................................................................................................45

Gambar 2.22 : Penjelasan rumus 2.34 .....................................................................................55

Gambar 2.23 : Kedalaman Alur Pelayaran ..............................................................................57

Gambar 2.24 : Pengaruh Gelombang pada Gerak Kapal .........................................................59

Gambar 2.25 : Lebar Alur ........................................................................................................60

Gambar 2.26 : Alur Pada Belokan ...........................................................................................62

Gambar 2.27 : Wharf Kontruksi Terbuka ................................................................................69

Gambar 2.28 : Wharf Penahan Tanah dari Turap Berbentuk Sel ............................................70

Gambar 2.29 : Turap Penahan Tanah dengan Angker .............................................................70

Gambar 2.30 : Turap Penahan Tanah dengan Tang Miring.....................................................71

Gambar 2.31 : Wharf dari Kaison ............................................................................................71

Gambar 2.32 : Metode Pemasangan Kaison ............................................................................72

Gambar 2.33 : Pier Berbentuk T dan L ....................................................................................73

xviii

Gambar 2.34 : Pier Berbentuk Jari ..........................................................................................73

Gambar 2.35 : Jetty Kapal Tanker ...........................................................................................74

Gambar 2.36 : Dimensi Wharf .................................................................................................74

Gambar 2.37 : Lebar Apron .....................................................................................................76

Gambar 2.38 : Pier berbentuk jari untuk dua tambatan ...........................................................77

Gambar 2.39 : Pier berbentuk jari untuk empat tambatan .......................................................77

Gambar 2.40 : Posisi Kapal saat Merapat ................................................................................80

Gambar 2.41 : Koefisien Blok .................................................................................................81

Gambar 2.42 : Benturan Kapal pada Dermaga ........................................................................86

Gambar 2.43 : Bentuk Alat Pengikat .......................................................................................89

Gambar 2.44 : Diagram Fase Tanah ........................................................................................92

Gambar 2.45 : Distribusi Ukuran Butiran Tanah ....................................................................95

Gambar 2.46 : Kuat Geser Tanah Granuler .............................................................................96

Gambar 2.47 : Kuat Geser Tanah Kohesif untuk Kondisi .......................................................96

Gambar 2.48 : Metode Uji Kuat Geser Tanah ........................................................................97

Gambar 2.49 : Rembesan di dalam Tanah ...............................................................................98

Gambar 2.50 : Pemeriksaan Tanah dengan Cara Lubang Uji ................................................102

Gambar 2.51 : Bor Tangan .....................................................................................................103

Gambar 2.52 : Pengujian dengan cara Bor Cuci ....................................................................103

Gambar 2.53 : Pengujian dengan cara Pencucian Tanah .......................................................104

Gambar 2.54 : Bor Putar ........................................................................................................105

Gambar 2.55 : Contoh Penggambaran Simbol-simbol Jenis Tanah ......................................106

Gambar 2.56 : a) Konus Keadaan Tertekan, b) Konus Keadaan Terbentang ........................108

Gambar 2.57 : Rangkaian Alat Penetrasi Konus (Sondir Belanda) .......................................109

Gambar 2.58 : Rincian Penekan Hidraulik ............................................................................109

Gambar 2.59 : Kedudukan Pergerakan Konus Pada Waktu Pengujian Sondir ......................110

Gambar 2.60 : Sistem Gaya Waktu Pengujian Sondir ...........................................................112

Gambar 2.61 : Contoh Grafik Hasil Uji Sondir .....................................................................114

Gambar 2.62 : Uji Penetrasi Standar (SPT) ...........................................................................116

Gambar 2.63 : Uji Beban Plat ................................................................................................118

Gambar 2.64 : Uji Gesr Kipas................................................................................................119

Gambar 2.65 : Koreksi Kuat Geser Tak Terdrainasi Dari Uji Geser Kipas di Lapangan .....120

Gambar 2.66 : Denah Titik-titik Penyelidikan .......................................................................122

Gambar 2.67 : Kedalaman Lubang Bor .................................................................................123

Gambar 2.68 : Tiang Ditinjau dari cara Mendukung Bebannya ............................................126

Gambar 2.69 : Kelakuan Tiang Selama Pembebanan ............................................................127

xix

Gambar 2.70 : Pengaruh Pemancangan Tiang Pada Sudut Gesek Dalam Φ ........................128

Gambar 2.71 : Pengaruh pemancangan pada tekanan air pori Pengaruh tiang bor ...............128

Gambar 2.72 : Tahanan ujung dan tahanan gesek dan model bidang keruntuhan .................130

Gambar 2.73 : Hubungan zc/d dan Kd tg δ untuk tiang pada tanah pasir dan factor Fw .....133

Gambar 2.74 : Skema Pemukul Tiang ...................................................................................138

Gambar 2.75 : Alat Pancang Tiang ........................................................................................139

Gambar 2.76 : Notasi Dalam Rumus Dinamis Tiang Pancang. .............................................141

Gambar 2.77 : Tiang Dengan Lubang Untuk Semprotan Air ................................................142

Gambar 2.78 : Perbandingan Zone Tertekan Pada Tiang Tunggal Dan Kelompok Tiang ....143

Gambar 2.79 : Tiang Dipengaruhi Gaya Gesek Dinding .......................................................144

Gambar 3.1 : Bagan Alir Penyusunan Tugas Akhir ..............................................................158

Gambar 4.1 : Kurva Pasang Surut Bulan Maret 2009 ...........................................................165

Gambar 4.2 : Gambar Topografi Rencana Lokasi Dermaga .................................................167

Gambar 4.3 : Gambar Fetch Arah Selatan .............................................................................168

Gambar 4.4 : Gambar Fetch Arah Barat Daya ......................................................................170

Gambar 4.5 : Gambar Fetch Arah Barat ................................................................................172

Gambar 4.5 : Gambar Fetch Arah Barat Laut ........................................................................174

Gambar 4.6 : Gambar Contoh Pemakaian Grafik Untuk Konversi Kecepatan Angin ..........176

Gambar 4.7 : Grafik Perkiraan Tinggi Gelombang dengan Kala Ulang ................................187



Gambar 4.10 : Grafik Perkiraan Tinggi Gelombang dengan Kala Ulang ..............................192

Gambar 4.11 : Grafik Perkiraan Tinggi Gelombang dengan Kala Ulang ..............................193

Gambar 4.12 : Kedalaman Alur Pelayaran ............................................................................195

Gambar 4.13 : Lebar Alur Pelayaran Untuk Dua Arah .........................................................196

Gambar 4.14 : Rencana Layout Pelabuhan ............................................................................197

Gambar 4.15 : Tipikal Penampang Memanjang Pelabuhan...................................................198

Gambar 4.16 : Denah Lokasi Sondir (S) dan Bor (B) ............................................................200

Gambar 4.17 : Hasil Sondir Titik S1 .....................................................................................201

Gambar 4.18 : Grafik Penestrasi Sondir Titik S1 ..................................................................202

Gambar 4.19 : Grafik Friction Resistence Sondir Titik S1 ...................................................203

Gambar 4.20 : Hasil Sondir Titik S2 .....................................................................................204

Gambar 4.21 : Grafik Penestrasi Sondir Titik S2 ..................................................................205

Gambar 4.22 : Grafik Friction Resistence Sondir Titik S2 ...................................................206

Gambar 4.23 : Bor Log B1 .....................................................................................................207

Gambar 4.24 : Bor Log B2 .....................................................................................................208

xx

Gambar 4.25 : Hasil Test Laboratorium Sifat Mekanik Tanah B1 ........................................209

Gambar 4.26 : Hasil Test Laboratorium Sifat Mekanik Tanah B2 ........................................210

Gambar 5.1 : grafik untuk mencari nilai 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻′0 ....................................................................212

Gambar 5.2 : Grafik penentuan nilai Sea Water Rise (∆h) ....................................................213

Gambar 5.3 : Penentuan Elevasi Lantai Dermaga .................................................................214

Gambar 5.4 : Dimensi Panjang & Lebar Dermaga ................................................................215

Gambar 5.5 : Penampang Melintang Dermaga 1 Jalur ..........................................................216

Gambar 5.6 : Penampang Melintang Dermaga 2 Jalur (Manuver) ........................................216

Gambar 5.7 : Pembebanan Beban “T” pada Dermaga ...........................................................217

Gambar 5.8 : Penyaluran Beban “T” pada Dermaga .............................................................218

Gambar 5.9 : Beban “D’ & “P” pada Dermaga .....................................................................219

Gambar 5.10 : Grafik penentuan nilai r/l ...............................................................................221

Gambar 5.11 : Luas Penampang Kapal (KRI ARUN) yang Terkena Angin .........................225

Gambar 5.12 : Luas Penampang Kapal Patroli (KRI Boa) yang Terkena Angin ..................226

Gambar 5.13 : karakteristik gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) ................................................228

Gambar 5.14 : Kontur Kecepatan Gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) ......................................228

Gambar 5.15: Resultan Kecepatan & Arah Gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) .......................229

Gambar 5.16 : Diagram Kecepatan Horisontal Gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) .................229

Gambar 5.17 : Diagram Kecepatan Vertikal Gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) .....................230

Gambar 5.18 : Kontur Tekanan Gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) .........................................230

Gambar 5.19 : Diagram Tekanan Horisontal Gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) ....................231

Gambar 5.20 : Diagram Tekanan Vertikal Gelombang (Airy Wave Theory) ........................231

Gambar 5.21 : Peta Pembagian Wilayah Gempa di Indonesia ..............................................233

Gambar 5.22 : Grafik Koefisien Gempa Wilayah 2 ..............................................................234

Gambar 5.23 : Denah Pelat Lantai Dermaga 2 Jalur (Maneuver) ..........................................237

Gambar 5.24 : Pembebanan Pelat Kondisi 1 Roda di Tengah Pelat ......................................238

Gambar 5.25 : Denah Pembebanan Pelat Kondisi 1 Roda di Tengah Pelat ..........................239



Gambar 5.28 : Kontur Momen Arah X (Mxx) Kondisi 1 ......................................................241

Gambar 5.29 : Kontur Momen Arah y (Myy) Kondisi 1 .......................................................242


Gambar 5.31 : Kontur Momen Arah Y (Myy) Kondisi 2 ......................................................243

Gambar 5.32 : Tulangan Arah X (Output Program SAFE) ...................................................243

Gambar 5.33 : Tulangan Arah Y (Output Program SAFE) ..................................................244

Gambar 5.34 : Denah Penulangan Pelat Lantai Dermaga......................................................245

xxi

Gambar 5.35 : Denah Balok Dermaga ...................................................................................246

Gambar 5.36 : Tipikal Penampang Melintang Dermaga .......................................................250

Gambar 5.37 : 3D Model Dermaga ........................................................................................251

Gambar 5.38 : Model Penampang Memanjang Dermaga ......................................................251

Gambar 5.39 : Model Penampang Melintang Dermaga ........................................................252

Gambar 5.40 : Model Diagram Gaya Dalam Akibat Gaya Vertikal ......................................253

Gambar 5.41 : Model Diagram Gaya Dalam Akibat Gaya Horisontal (Lateral) ...................254

Gambar 5.42 : Penampang Memanjang Tulangan Balok B1 ................................................258

Gambar 5.43 : Penampang Melintang Tulangan Balok B1 ...................................................258





Gambar 5.48 : Penulangan Pilecap Tipe 1 ............................................................................268

Gambar 5.49 : Penulangan Pilecap Tipe 2 ............................................................................269

Gambar 5.50 : Penampang Tiang Pancang Tegak .................................................................270

Gambar 5.51 : Pemasangan Pelindung Korosi Tiang Pancang ..............................................275

Gambar 5.52 : Detail Isian Beton Tiang Pancang..................................................................275

Gambar 5.53 : Pemasangan Fender Dermaga Sisi Depan .....................................................277

Gambar 5.54 : Pembebanan Plank Fender Sisi Depan Dermaga ...........................................278

Gambar 5.55 : Diagram Gaya Dalam Plank Fender Sisi Depan Dermaga ............................278

Gambar 5.56 : Penulangan Plank Fender Sisi Depan Dermaga .............................................280

Gambar 5.57 : Pemasangan Fender Dermaga Sisi Belakang Dermaga .................................282

Gambar 5.58 : Pembebanan Plank Fender Sisi Belakang Dermaga ......................................282

Gambar 5.59 : Diagram Gaya Dalam Plank Fender Sisi Belakang Dermaga .......................283

Gambar 5.60 : Penulangan Plank Fender Sisi Belakang Dermaga ........................................284

Gambar 5.61 : Pembebanan Bitt Sisi Depan Dermaga ..........................................................285

Gambar 5.62 : Pembebanan Bitt Sisi Belakang Dermaga .....................................................287

Gambar 5.63 : Elevasi Lantai Trestle ....................................................................................292

Gambar 5.64 : Dimensi Panjang dan Lebar Trestle ...............................................................294

Gambar 5.65 : Penampang Melintang Trestle 1 jalur ............................................................295

Gambar 5.66 : Penampang Melintang Trestle 2 jalur ............................................................295

Gambar 5.67 : Pembebanan Beban “T” pada Trestle ............................................................296

Gambar 5.68 : Penyaluran Beban “T” pada Trestle ..............................................................297

Gambar 5.69 : Beban “D’ & “P” pada Trestle .......................................................................298

Gambar 5.70 : Peta Pembagian Wilayah Gempa di Indonesia ..............................................300

xxii

Gambar 5.71 : Grafik Koefisien Gempa Wilayah 2 ..............................................................301

Gambar 5.72 : Denah Pelat Lantai Trestle 2 Jalur .................................................................303






Gambar 5.78 : Kontur Momen Arah y (Myy) Kondisi 1 .......................................................308


Gambar 5.80 : Kontur Momen Arah Y (Myy) Kondisi 2 ......................................................309

Gambar 5.81 : Tulangan Arah X (Output Program SAFE) ...................................................310

Gambar 5.82 : Tulangan Arah Y (Output Program SAFE) ...................................................310

Gambar 5.83 : Denah Penulangan Pelat Lantai Trestle .........................................................312

Gambar 5.84 : Denah Balok Trestle ......................................................................................313

Gambar 5.85 : Tipikal Penampang Melintang Trestle ...........................................................317

Gambar 5.86 : 3D Model Trestle ...........................................................................................318

Gambar 5.87 : Model Penampang Melintang Trestle ............................................................319

Gambar 5.88 : Model Diagram Moment (bidang M) Trestle Akibat Gaya Vertikal .............320

Gambar 5.89 : Model Diagram Gaya Geser (bidang D) Trestle Akibat Gaya Vertikal ........321

Gambar 5.90 : Model Diagram Gaya Normal (bidang N) Trestle Akibat Gaya Vertikal .....322

Gambar 5.91 : Penampang Memanjang Tulangan Balok BT1 ..............................................324

Gambar 5.92 : Penampang Melintang Tulangan Balok BT1 .................................................324

Gambar 5.93 : Penampang Memanjang Tulangan Balok BT2 ..............................................326

Gambar 5.94 : Penampang Tulangan Pilecap Trestle ...........................................................327

Gambar 5.95 : Rencana Tipikal Causeway ............................................................................335

Gambar 5.96 : Tipikal Penampang Melintang Causeway .....................................................337

Gambar 5.97 : Stratifikasi Lapisan Tanah .............................................................................338

Gambar 5.98 : Pemodelan Konstruksi Causeway pada Plaxis ..............................................340

Gambar 5.99 : Grafik Nilai Faktor Reduksi Terhadap Beban Timbunan ..............................342

Gambar 5.100 : Grafik Nilai Faktor Reduksi Terhadap Beban Permukaan causeway ..........343

Gambar 5.101 : Penurunan Total Maksimum Konstruksi Causeway ....................................344

Gambar 5.102 : Peningkatan Tekanan Air Pori Berlebih Konstruksi Causeway ..................344

Gambar 5.103 : Total Displacement Timbunan Tahap 1, dengan H = 1 meter ....................345

Gambar 5.104 : Total Displacement Timbunan Tahap 2, dengan H = 2 meter ...................346

Gambar 5.105 : Total Displacement Timbunan Tahap 3, dengan H = 3,3 meter .................346

xxiii

Gambar 5.106 : Total Displacement Saat Menerima Beban Q = 8 kN/m² ............................347

Gambar 5.107 : Total Displacement Saat Menerima Beban Ultimit (Qultimit

Gambar 5.108 : Evaluasi Faktor Keamanan (SF) Untuk Beberapa Tahap Penimbunan .......348

) .......................347

Gambar 5.109 : Tipikal Penampang Melintang Causeway Hasil Perhitungan ......................350

Gambar 5.110 : Penampang Melintang Konstruksi Penahan Tanah Area Reklamasi ...........351

Gambar 5.111 : Pembebanan & Stratifikasi Lapisan Tanah ..................................................352

Gambar 5.112 : Pemodelan Konstruksi Penahan Tanah Area Reklamasi pada Plaxix .........353

Gambar 5.113 : Penurunan Total Maksimum ........................................................................355

Gambar 5.114 : Evaluasi Faktor Keamanan (SF) ..................................................................356

Gambar 5.115 : Letak Bidang Longsong Lereng...................................................................357

Gambar 5.116 : Tipikal Penampang Konstruksi Penahan Tanah Area Reklamasi ................358

xxiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 : Skala Beaufort .......................................................................................................11

Tabel 2.2 : Data Prosentase Kejadian Angin tahun 1996 – 2008 ............................................12

Tabel 2.3 : Koefisien Refleksi .................................................................................................32

Tabel 2.4 : Karakteristik Kapal ................................................................................................48

Tabel 2.5 : Lebar Alur Menurut OCDI ....................................................................................61

Tabel 2.6 : Luas Kolam untuk Tambatan.................................................................................63

Tabel 2.7 : Luas Kolam untuk Tambatan Pelampung..............................................................64

Tabel 2.8 : Kedalaman Kolam Pelabuhan................................................................................65

Tabel 2.9 : Tinggi Gelombang Kritis di Pelabuhan .................................................................66

Tabel 2.10 : Kecepatan Merapat Kapal pada Dermaga ...........................................................79

Tabel 2.11 : Gaya Tarikan Kapal .............................................................................................83

Tabel 2.12 : Jarak Antara Fender .............................................................................................87

Tabel 2.13 : Penempatan Bitt ...................................................................................................89

Tabel 2.14 : Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah Unified ......................................................................100

Tabel 2.15 : Contoh Hasil Uji Penetrasi Konus Static ..........................................................113

Tabel 2.16 : Hubungan N dengan kerapatan relatif (Dr) tanah pasir .....................................116

Tabel 2.17 : Nilai Kd untuk tiang pada tanah granuler ..........................................................132

Tabel 2.18 : Faktor Aman yang Disarankan (Reese dan O’Neill, 1989) ..............................137

Tabel 2.19 : Koefisien Kd tg δ’ (Brom, 1976) ......................................................................145

Tabel 2.20 : Jarak tiang minimum Teng (1962) ....................................................................148

Tabel 2.21 : Beban lateral ijin pada tiang vertikal .................................................................151

Tabel 2.22 : Hubungan modulus subgrade (k1

Tabel 2.23 : Nilai n

) dengan kuat geser undrained ......................153

h

Tabel 2.24 : Cara pengangkatan tiang dan momen lentur statis maksimum .........................156

(Paulos dan Davis 1980) ......................................................................153

Tabel 3.1 : Data yang Diperlukan dalam Penyusunan Tugas Akhir .....................................160

Tabel 4.1 : Data Angin Maksimum Bulanan Tahun 1996 – Mei 2009 ..................................163

Tabel 4.2 : Tabel Perhitungan Fetch Efektif Arah Selatan ....................................................169

Tabel 4.3 : Tabel Perhitungan Fetch Efektif Arah Barat Daya..............................................171

Tabel 4.4 : Tabel Perhitungan Fetch Efektif Arah Barat .......................................................173

Tabel 4.5 : Tabel Perhitungan Fetch Efektif Arah Barat Laut ...............................................175

Tabel 4.6 : Data Angin Maksimum Bulanan Di Atas Permukaan Laut .................................177

Tabel 4.7 : Tabel Perhitungan Nilai Faktor Tegangan Angin (UA

Tabel 4.8 : Tabel Perhitungan Tinggi Gelombang Signifikan dan Periode Gelombang .......181

) .......................................179

Tabel 4.9 : Tabel Pencatatan Tinggi dan Periode Gelombang ...............................................182

xxv

Tabel 4.10 : Tabel Hitungan Gelombang Dengan Periode Ulang (Metode FT-I) .................184

Tabel 4.11 : Tabel Hitungan Gelombang dengan Periode Ulang Tertentu............................186

Tabel 4.12 : Tabel Koefisien untuk Menghitung Deviasi Standar (Metode FT-1) ................186

Tabel 4.13 : Tabel Hitungan Gelombang Dengan Periode Ulang (Metode Weibull) ...........188

Tabel 4.14 : Tabel Gelombang dengan Periode Ulang Tertentu k = 0,75) ............................189

Tabel 4.15 :Tabel Gelombang dengan Periode Ulang Tertentu (k = 1.0)..............................189



Tabel 4.18 :Tabel Koefisien untuk Menghitung Deviasi Standar (Metode Weibull) ............191

Tabel 4.18 :Tabel Perbandingan Gelombang Dengan Periode Ulang Tertentu ....................193

Tabel 5.1 : Perhitungan Subgrade Reaksi Tiang Pancang Dermaga .....................................249

Tabel 5.2 : Gaya Dalam yang Bekerja Pada Tiang Pancang Tegak ......................................271

Tabel 5.3 : Karakteristik Penampang Tiang Pancang Tegak .................................................271

Tabel 5.4 : Gaya Dalam yang Bekerja Pada Tiang Pancang Miring .....................................273

Tabel 5.5 : Karakteristik Penampang Tiang Pancang Miring ................................................273

Tabel 5.6 : Identifikasi lapisan tanah berdasarkan hasil pengeboran (B2) ............................289

Tabel 5.7 : Perhitungan Subgrade Reaksi Tiang Pancang Trestle .........................................316

Tabel 5.8 : Gaya Dalam yang Bekerja Pada Tiang Pancang Trestle .....................................328

Tabel 5.9 : Karakteristik Penampang Tiang Pancang Trestle ................................................328

Tabel 5.10 : Identifikasi lapisan tanah berdasarkan hasil pengeboran (B2) ..........................331

Tabel 5.11 : Sifat-sifat tanah dan antarmuka .........................................................................339

TUGAS AKHIR - eprints.undip.ac.ideprints.undip.ac.id/34643/3/2056_preliminary.pdf · hidayah-Nya &...

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