TESIS ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB KELUHAN …repository.unair.ac.id/39565/8/halaman depan.pdf · 2.2...

TESIS

ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS OPERATOR CONTAINER CRANE

PT. PELINDO III (PERSERO) CABANG TANJUNG PERAK

EKO MARDIYANTO

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT PROGRAM MAGISTER

PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA SURABAYA

2015

ADLN - Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

TESIS analisis faktor penyebab keluhan ..... Eko Mardiyanto

ii

TESIS



EKO MARDIYANTO

NIM 101314253001

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

PROGRAM MAGISTER PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA

SURABAYA 2015



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TESIS

Untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Program Studi Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga

Oleh :

EKO MARDIYANTO

NIM 101314253001

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

PROGRAM MAGISTER PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA

SURABAYA 2015



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PENGESAHAN

Dipertahankan di depan Tim Penguji Tesis Program Studi Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga dan diterima untuk memenuhi persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar

Magister Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (M.KKK) Pada tanggal 22 April 2015

Mengesahkan

Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat

Dekan,

Prof. Dr. Tri Martiana, dr., M.S NIP 195603031987012001

Tim Penguji: Ketua : Prof. Dr. Tjipto Suwandi, dr., M.OH., Sp.OK Anggota : 1. Dr. Y. Denny Ardyanto W, Ir., M.S 2. Dr. Hari Basuki Notobroto, dr., M.Kes 3. Dr. Lilis Sulistyorini, Ir., M.Kes 4. Dr. Elyana Asnar, dr., M.S 5. Sahabat Sutanto, S.KM., M.Kes



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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman SAMPUL DEPAN ............................................................................................. i SAMPUL DALAM ............................................................................................ ii PERSYARATAN GELAR ................................................................................ iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ iv HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ........................................................................... v PERNYATAAN TENTANG ORISINALITAS ................................................ vi KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vii SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... x DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xvi DAFTAR SINGKATAN, SIMBOL, ISTILAH ................................................. xviii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1

1.1 Pendahuluan dan Identifikasi Masalah ........................................ 1 1.2 Kajian Masalah ............................................................................ 6 1.3 Rumusan Masalah........................................................................ 8 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 8

1.4.1 Tujuan Umum ..................................................................... 8 1.4.2 Tujuan Khusus .................................................................... 8

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................... 9 1.5.1 Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................. 9 1.5.2 Manfaat Terapan ................................................................. 9

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 10 2.1 Musculoskeletal Disorders .......................................................... 10

2.1.1 Definisi Musculoskeletal Disorders ................................... 10 2.1.2 Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders ................................... 11 2.1.3 Faktor Resiko Musculoskeletal Disorders .......................... 13

2.2 Konsep Sistem Musculoskeletal .................................................. 28 2.2.1 Anatomi Tulang Belakang .................................................. 28

2.3 Kesehatan Kerja ........................................................................... 37 2.3.1 Bahaya Kesehatan ............................................................... 38

2.4 Ergonomi ..................................................................................... 40 2.4.1 Ruang Lingkup Ergonomi .................................................. 41 2.4.2 Faktor Anthropometri dan Dimensi Ruang Kerja............... 41



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2.5 Metode Penelitian Ergonomi ....................................................... 44 2.5.1 Metode RULA .................................................................... 44

2.6 Metode Nordic Body Map ........................................................... 55 2.7 Metode Pengukuran Faktor Lingkungan ..................................... 58

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL ............................................................ 61

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ................................................. 61 3.2 Hipotesis ...................................................................................... 64

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN..................................................................... 65 4.1 Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................ 65 4.2 Rancang Bangun Penelitian ......................................................... 65 4.3 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................... 65 4.4 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................... 66

4.4.1 Populasi Penelitian ............................................................. 66 4.4.2 Sample Penelitian ............................................................... 66

4.5 Kerangka Operasional ................................................................. 66 4.6 Variabel Penelitian, Pengukuran dan Definisi Operasional ........ 69

4.6.1 Variabel Penelitian ............................................................. 69 4.6.2 Cara Pengukuran dan Definisi Operasional........................ 70

4.7 Teknik dan Prosedur Pengumpulan Data .................................... 73 4.8 Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ......................................... 76

4.8.1 Teknik Pengolahan Data ..................................................... 76 4.8.2 Teknik Analisis Data .......................................................... 76

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 78 5.1 Gambaran Umum PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cab Tg Perak ......... 78 5.2 Operator Container Crane dan Container Crane

PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak ........................ 82 5.3 Karakteristik Individu Operator Container Crane

PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjug Perak .......................... 85 5.4 Antropometri Operator Container Crane

PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak ........................ 88 5.5 Hasil Pemeriksaan Stasiun Kerja Oparator CC ........................... 89 5.6 Hasil Pemeriksaan Lingkungan Kerja Oparator CC.................... 90 5.7 Hasil Keluhan MSDs pada Operator Container Crane

PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjug Perak .......................... 92 5.8 Tabulasi Silang antara Karakteristik Individu (Pekerja)

Stasiun Kerja dengan Keluhan MSDs Oparator CC .................... 93 5.8.1 Deskripsi Umur dengan Keluhan MSDs ........................... 93 5.8.2 Masa Kerja dengan Keluhan MSDs ................................... 94 5.8.3 Deskripsi Merokok dengan Keluhan MSDs ....................... 96 5.8.4 Deskripsi IMT dengan MSDs Keluhan .............................. 97 5.8.5 Deskripsi Stasiun Kerja dengan Keluhan MSDs ................ 98

5.9 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pengukuran .................................................... 100



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BAB 4 PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................. 101 6.1 Analisis Antropometri dan Operator PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cab Tg Perak dengan Metode RULA .......................................... 102 6.2 Analisis Stasiun Kerja Operator Container Crane ...................... 104 6.3 Analisis Lingkungan Kerja Operator Container Crane .............. 105 6.4 Analisis Keluhan MSDs pada Operator CC PT. Pelindo III

(Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak ................................................. 107 6.5 Analisis Hubungan Karakteristik Individu (Pekerja)

Stasiun Kerja, dengan Keluhan MSDs Operator CC PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak ........................ 109 6.5.1 Deskripsi Umur dengan Keluhan MSDs ............................ 109 6.5.2 Deskripsi Masa Kerja dengan Keluhan MSDs ................... 110 6.5.3 Deskripsi Merokok dengan Keluhan MSDs ....................... 111 6.5.4 Deskripsi Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Keluhan MSDs .... 112 6.5.5 Deskripsi Stasiun Kerja dengan Keluhan MSDs ................ 113

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................... 114 7.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................. 114 7.2 Saran ............................................................................................ 114

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 117 LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 121



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DAFTAR TABEL

Nomor Judul Tabel Halaman Tabel 2.1 Nilai Ambang Batas Iklim Kerja Indeks Suhu Basah dan Bola Berdasarkan Permenakertrans RI No. Per.13/MEN/X/2011............ 24 Tabel 2.2 Nilai Ambang hand arm vibration dan whole body vibration Berdasarkan Permenakertrans RI No. Per.13/MEN/X/2011............ 27 Tabel 2.3 Skor Group A ................................................................................... 49 Tabel 2.4 Skor Pengguna Tenaga atau Beban .................................................. 50 Tabel 2.5 Grand Total Skor Table C ................................................................ 50 Tabel 2.6 Skor Group B ................................................................................... 53 Tabel 2.7 Skor Pengguna Tenaga atau Beban .................................................. 54 Tabel 2.8 Grand Total Skor Tabel C ................................................................ 54 Tabel 2.9 Klafisikasi Tingkat Resiko Otot Skeletal Berdasarkan Total Skor Individu ................................................................................... 57 Tabel 5.1 Bidang Usaha PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cab Tg Perak .................... 79 Tabel 5.2 Anthropometri Operator CC PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak ..................................................................... 88 Tabel 5.3 Pemeriksaan Stasiun Kerja Operator Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak............................. 89 Tabel 5.4 Pemeriksaan Suhu Ruangan Operator Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak............................. 90 Tabel 5.5 Pemeriksaan Keluhan MSDs Operator Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak............................. 93 Tabel 5.6 Tabulasi Silang Umur dengan Keluhan MSDs Operator CC PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak............................. 93 Tabel 5.7 Tabulasi Silang Masa Kerja dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Operator Container Crane PT.Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak .................................................................... 94 Tabel 5.8 Tabulasi Silang Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Operator Container Crane PT. PelindoIII (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak.............................. 96 Tabel 5.9 Tabulasi Silang Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Operator Container Crane PT. PelindoIII (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak.............................. 97 Tabel 5.10 Tabulasi Silang Stasiun Kerja dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Operator Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak Tahun 2015 ................................................. 98 Tabel 5.11 Hasil Rekapitulasi Hasil Pengukuran Tiap Variabel pada Operator Container Crane PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak ..................................................... 100



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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Nomor Judul Gambar Halaman Gambar 2.1 Susunan Tulang Belakang............................................................. 30 Gambar 2.2 Postur Bagian Lengan Atas ........................................................... 46 Gambar 2.3 Postur Bagian Lengan Bawah ....................................................... 47 Gambar 2.4 Postur Pergelangan Tangan .......................................................... 47 Gambar 2.5 Postur Putaran Pergelangan Tangan.............................................. 48 Gambar 2.6 Postur Leher .................................................................................. 51 Gambar 2.7 Postur Punggung ........................................................................... 52 Gambar 2.8 Postur Kaki .................................................................................... 53 Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual .................................................................... 61 Gambar 4.1 Kerangka Operasional ................................................................... 66 Gambar 5.1 Terminal Nilam Multipurpose PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak .................................................................. 80 Gambar 5.2 Operator Pesawat Angkat Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak .................................................. 82 Gambar 5.3 Jenis Pesawat Angkat dilingkungan PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak .................................................................. 83 Gambar 5.4 Distribusi Umur (Pekerja) Operator CC PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak .................................................. 85 Gambar 5.5 Distribusi Masa Kerja Operator CC PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak .................................................................. 86 Gambar 5.6 Distribusi Kebiasaan Merokok Operator Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung .................................... 86 Gambar 5.7 Distribusi Indeks Massa Tubuh Operator Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak.......................... 87 Gambar 5.8 Deskripsi Hasil Pengukuran Getaran (m/det2) Ruang Operator PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak.......................... 91



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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Nomor Judul Lampiran Halaman Lampiran 1 Surat Izin Penelitian di PT. Pelindo III (Persero)

Cabang Tanjung Perak ................................................................. 121 Lampiran 2 Sertifikat Melaksanakan Penelitian di PT. Pelindo (III)

Cabang Tanjung Perak ................................................................. 122 Lampiran 3 Keterangan Lolos Kaji Etik ......................................................... 123 Lampiran 4 Lembar Penjelasan Pelaksanaan Penelitian ................................. 124 Lampiran 5 Lembar Informed Consent ........................................................... 129 Lampiran 6 Kuesioner ..................................................................................... 130 Lampiran 7 Surat Tugas UPT K3 ................................................................... 132 Lampiran 8 Surat Tugas UPT K3 .................................................................... 133 Lampiran 9 Hasil Pengukuran Kualitas Udara Lingkungan Kerja ................. 134 Lampiran 10 Hasil Pengukuran Iklim Kerja Suhu Ac Kabin Operator CC ...... 135 Lampiran 11 Hasil Pengukuran Getaran Hand Arm dan Whole Body Vibration .................................................................. 136 Lampiran 12 Hasil Pengukuran Sarana dan Prasarana Kerja Container Crane ......................................................................... 137 Lampiran 13 Hasil Pengukuran Sarana dan Prasarana Kerja Container Crane ......................................................................... 138 Lampiran 14 Hasil Pengukuran Sarana dan Prasarana Kerja Container Crane ......................................................................... 139 Lampiran 15 Dokumentasi Pengisian Kuesioner Operator Container Crane .......................................................................... 140 Lampiran 16 Dokumentasi Pengukuran Suhu AC Kabin Operator CC .......... 141 Lampiran 17 Dokumentasi Pengukuran Hand Arm dan Whole Body Vibration ...................................................................................... 142 Lampiran 18 Dokumentasi Pengukuran Anthropometri Operator CC ............ 143 Lampiran 19 Dokumentasi Pengukuran Anthropometri Operator CC ............ 145 Lampiran 20 Dokumentasi Pengukuran Stasiun Kerja Operator CC PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak........................ 147 Lampiran 21 Dokumentasi Pengukuran Stasiun Kerja Operator CC PT. Teluk Lamong ...................................................................... 149 Lampiran 22 Penentuan skor RULA dan Kesimpulan Level Action ............... 151 Lampiran 23 Penentuan skor RULA dan Kesimpulan Level Action ............... 153 Lampiran 24 Penentuan skor RULA dan Kesimpulan Level Action ............... 155 Lampiran 25 Kesimpulan Hasil Level Action Pada Seluruh Subjek Penelitian Operator Container Crane ......................................... 157



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DAFTAR SINGKATAN, SIMBOL, ISTILAH

Daftar Singkatan ACGIH : American conference of industrial hygienists BRIEF : Base risk identification of ergonomic factor CC : Container crane CC : Centers for disease control and prevention CTDs : Cumulative trauma disorders CY : Container yard EASY : Ergonomic assesment survey method FL : Fork lift HIV AIDS : Human immunode ficiency virus HMC : Harbour mobile crane ILO : International labour organization IMT : Indeks massa tubuh KK : Koefisien korelasi K3 : Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja MC : Mobile crane MSDs : Musculoskeletal disorders NAB : Nilai ambang batas NBM : Nordic body map NIOSH : National institute of occupational safety and health PAK : Penyakit akibat kerja PLC : Programmable logic controller REBA : Rapid entire body assessment RMI : Repetitive motion injury RS : Reach stacker RSI : Repetitive strain injuries RTG : Rubber tired gantry RULA : Rapid upper limb assessment THT : Telinga hidung dan tenggorok SARS : Severe acute respiratory syndrome SDM : Sumber daya manusia SWL : Safety weight load UPT K3 : Unit pelaksana teknis keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja WMSDs : Work-related musculoskeletal disorders Daftar Simbol & : Dan % : Persen Daftar Istilah VO2 : Volume oksigen



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ABSTRACT

FACTOR ANALYSIS OF PT. PELABUHAN INDONESIA III (PERSERO) CABANG TANJUNG PERAK CONTAINER CRANE OPERATOR

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS COMPLAINTS

Container crane operator jobs majority was sitting, and bent to look down. This job was always done by the operator because the position operator cabin located at an altitude of 30-40 m. The purpose of this study was to analyzed the causes of musculoskeletal disorders operator of container cranes at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) Branch of Tanjung Perak. The approach of this study was a quantitative research study with cross-sectional study design.

The results showed that analysis operator of anthropometric and body posture with RULA method showed that it needed further investigation of ergonomics and changes required for repair work postures with level action on the 4 scores. Most of the work stations that used by the operator did not complied with the operator anthropometry. The entire container crane had a working environment in accordance with the threshold value (28-32°C). Whole body vibration and HAV was still below the standard. Majority of Container Crane operator PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) Branch of Tanjung Perak have medium MSDS complaints. Conclusion: Incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) were influenced by the age of respondents in range of 22.65 %, by the work period in range of 8 %, by smoking habits of the respondents in range of 14.1 %, by body mass index ( BMI ) in range of 12.6 %, by the work station in range of 2%.

Key word: Musculoskeletal disorders, RULA, Container Crane.



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SUMMARY

FACTOR ANALYSIS OF PT. PELABUHAN INDONESIA III (PERSERO) CABANG TANJUNG PERAK CONTAINER CRANE OPERATOR

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS COMPLAINTS

Musculoskeletal problems of container cranes operator caused annoyance on performance due to the awkward posture of the operator. When the posture formed by the existing of working methods were poor, it will cause musculoskeletal fatigue, that could potentially lead to a musculoskeletal disorder (MSDS). If the position of the workers always in unergonomic every day and in the long term (chronic) could cause permanent pain and led to damage to the muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and other tissues. In addition, when employees, work with pain can reduce the productivity and efficiency of work and when worked with this pain was passed then it will result in a disability who eventually eliminate jobs for workers.

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the causes of musculoskeletal disorders operator of container cranes operator at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) Branch of Tanjung Perak. Result of this study was be able to provide solutions for the problems, especially at the work station that support the position of the container crane operator properly.

The results showed majority age of respondents were 31-40 years, with respondents working terms majority was <5 years and 5-10 years. The majority of respondents had smoking habits with majority of respondents were normal BMI. Anthropometric analysis of operator and body posture with RULA method showed that it needed further investigation of ergonomics and changes required for repair work postures with level action on the 4 scores. Most of the work stations that used by the operator did not complied with the operator anthropometry. The entire container crane had a working environment in accordance with the threshold value (28-32 ° C). Whole body vibrationstill below the threshold value of 0.5 m/s2. Hand arm vibration measurements showed that the exposure of hand arm vibrationis still below the threshold value of 4 m/s2. A cross tabulation shows that operators who have aged less than 40 years has more MSDs complaints, this could be due to the worker still adapting and with high work targets of the company, but because of data limitations the exact cause can not be known yet. Operators with working terms less than 5 and 5-10 years, has more complaints MSDs. Operators who had habit of smoking has more MSDs complaints compared with operators who do not had habit of smoking. majority of workers who have a poor work station that was not accordance with the operator's body, felt MSDs complaints.

Key word: musculoskeletal disorders, RULA, container crane.



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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas Karunia dan Hidayah-Nya penyusunan

tesis dengan judul Analisis Faktor Penyebab Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Operator Container Crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak ini dapat terselesaikan.

Tesis ini berisikan mengenai hasil analisis penyebab keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders pada operator container crane. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis faktor penyebab keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders pada operator container crane. Hasil peneltian ini akan digunakan sebagai bahan untuk melaksanakan tindak lanjut diperusahaan dalam peningkatan pelaksanaan K3.

Ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga juga saya sampaikan kepada Dr. Y. Denny Ardyanto W., Ir.,M.S selaku pembimbing ketua yang telah dengan kesabaran dan perhatiannya dalam memberikan bimbingan dan saran hingga tesis ini bisa terselesaikan dengan baik. Ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga juga saya sampaikan kepada Dr. Hari Basuki Notobroto, dr., M.Kes selaku pembimbing yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu untuk memberikan bimbingan dengan sabar serta memotivasi dan saran demi kesempurnaan tesis ini.

Dengan terselesaikan tesis ini, perkenankan saya mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Prof. Dr.. Fasich, Apt., selaku Rektor Universitas Airlangga. 2. Prof. Dr. Tri Martiana, dr., M.S., selaku Dekan Fakultas Kesehatan

Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga. 3. Dr. Y. Denny Ardyanto W, Ir., M.S., selaku Ketua Program Studi Kesehatan

dan Keselamatan Kerja, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga.

4. Ketua penguji Prof. Dr. Tjipto Suwandi, dr., M.OH, SpOK dan anggota penguji Dr. Y. Denny Ardyanto W, Ir., M.S, Dr. Hari Basuki Notobroto, dr., M.Kes, Dr. Lilis Sulistyorini, Ir., M.Kes, Dr. Elyana Asnar, dr., MS dan Sahabat Sutanto, S.KM., M.Kes atas kesediaan menguji dan membimbing dalam perbaikan tesis ini.

5. Eko Harijadi budijanto, Drs., AK., MM., M.Sc., selaku GM, Bambang Hasbullah, SH., MM., selaku Deputy GM, Mohammad Syafiudin, S.sos MBA., selaku Manager SDM dan Umum, Dedy Rudijanto, S.Kom., selaku Manager SMI dan K3 PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak atas persetujuan ijin pelaksanaan tesis ini .

6. Bambang Wiyadi, S.sos., selaku Manager, Karyo Raharjo, SE., MM., selaku Asisten, Zanuar Eka Wijaya, S.Tr., MM, Suhartoyo, SH, SH., MM., selaku Supervisor PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak yang telah memberikan waktu dan tenaga serta bimbingan tesis ini.



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7. Seluruh operator container crane PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Perak Divisi Terminal Nilam Multipurpose.

8. Toto Heliyanto, SH., MH., selaku Direktur Personalian dan Umum, Andito Sutarto, Drs., selaku Kepala Kantor Pusat, Iskandar Zulkarnaen, selaku SM Manajemen Mutu dan Resiko, Sumargo, SE., selaku SM Pendidikan dan Pelatihan PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Kantor Pusat.

9. Gugus Wijanarko, Drs., MM., selaku Direktur Utama dan Moch. Kusnul Jakin, ST., selaku Wakil Direktur PT. Pelindo Daya Sejahtera.

10. Herry Subagiyo, S.Sos., selaku Manager Umum PT. TPS dan Djuju Juarsih, S.Psi., selaku Manager HRD PT. Teluk Lamong.

11. Orang Tua Hari Santoso (Alm) dan Sumarni yang selalu memberikan semangat dan dukungan terbesar dalam penulisan tesis ini.

12. Kedua adikku Dwi Agus Nugroho, S.Kep., dan Triya Apriliana yang selalu memberi kecerian dan semangat dalam penulisan tesis ini.

13. Seluruh staff Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga. 14. Teman perjuangan S2 K3 M.KKK angkatan 2013, Fakultas Kesehatan

Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga, Arham, Mas udi, Tyar, Fikar, Rachmad, Lutfi, Merry, Marifah, Mandy, Anin, Zhafira, Nisa, Elly yang telah memberikan dukungan serta bantuan dalam penulisan tesis ini. Demikian, semoga tesis ini bisa memberikan manfaat bagi diri kami sendiri

dan pihak lain yang menggunakan.

Surabaya, 22 April 2015

Penulis



v

PERSETUJUAN

TESIS Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar

Magister Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (M.KKK) Program Studi Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga

Oleh :

EKO MARDIYANTO NIM 101314253001

Menyetujui, Surabaya, 22 April 2015

Pembimbing Ketua Pembimbing Dr. Y. Denny Ardyanto W., Ir., M.S Dr. Hari Basuki Notobroto, dr., M.Kes NIP 196312151998021001 NIP 196506251992031002

Mengetahui,

Ketua Program Studi Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

Dr. Y. Denny Ardyanto W., Ir., M.S NIP 196312151998021001



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PERNYATAAN TENTANG ORISINALITAS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya: Nama : Eko Mardiyanto NIM : 101314253001 Program studi : Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Angkatan : 2013 Ganjil Jenjang : Magister menyatakan bahwa saya tidak melakukan kegiatan plagiat dalam penulisan tesis saya yang berjudul: ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS OPERATOR CONTAINER CRANE PT. PELINDO III (PERSERO) CABANG TANJUNG PERAK Apabila suatu saat nanti saya terbukti melakukan tindakan plagiat, maka saya akan menerima sanksi yang telah ditetapkan. Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenar-benarnya. Surabaya, 22 April 2015

Eko Mardiyanto



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