Modul 4_Physiological Performance
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MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 44
Modul
PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
4.1. Sub Kompetensi
Kemampuan yang akan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa setelah melakukan praktikum
pada modul ini adalah :
- Mampu menghitung recovery time
- Mampu menghitung heart rate normal dan konsumsi VO2 maks
4.2. Uraian Materi
4.2.1. Pengantar
Praktikum mengenai physiological performance ini adalah melakukan
pengukuran heart rate dari operator. Dengan dilaksanakannya praktikum ini
diharapkan kita dapat mengetahui waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh operator untuk
mencapai kondisi normal setelah melakukan aktivitas setelah beberapa saat.
4.2.2. Tujuan Praktikum
1. Mengetahui recovery time tiap-tiap operator setelah melakukan aktivitas
2. Mengetahui heart rate normal dan konsumsi energi/konsumsi VO2 maks
operator sebelum dan sesudah melakukan aktivitas.
4.2.3. Tinjauan Pustaka
1. Definisi physiological performance dan aplikasinya.
2. Anatomi tubuh dan otot manusia.
3. Konsumsi energi.
4.2.4. Peralatan
1. Timbangan badan
2. Observation sheet
3. Tread mill
4. Pulsemeter
5. Stopwatch
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 45
6. Ms Excel
4.2.5. Prosedur Pelaksanaan Praktikum
1. Masing-masing kelompok memilih 2 orang operator yang cukup sehat
(baik pria maupun wanita)
2. Mengukur berat badan dan HR tiap operator
3. Setiap opertor menjalankan aktivitas sebagai berikut:
a. Ergocycle
Pada program 9 operator mengayuh selama 5 menit, istirahat 3
menit lalu mengayuh lagi selama 5 menit dan istirahat 10 menit.
Pada program 9 operator mengayuh selama 10 menit, istirahat 3
menit lalu mengayuh lagi selama 10 menit dan istirahat 10 menit.
Pada program 6 opertor mengayuh selama 5 menit, istirahat 10
menit lalu mengayuh lagi selama 10 menit dan istirahat 10 menit.
b. Tread mill
Berjalan (kec. 7-8 kph) selama 5 menit, istirahat selama 3 menit lalu
berjalan lagi selama 5 menit dan istirahat selama 10 menit.
Berjalan (kec. 7-8 kph) selama 10 menit, istirahat selama 3 menit
lalu berjalan lagi selama 10 menit dan istirahat selama 10 menit.
Berlari (kec. 10-11 kph) selama 5 menit, istirahat selama 10 menit
lalu berlari lagi selama 10 menit dan istirahat selama 10 menit.
4. Mengukur HR operator tiap menit pada detik ke-51 sampai dengan detik
ke-60 baik pada saat operasi maupun istirahat.
5. Membuat rekap data berdasarkan variabilitas jenis kelamin, berat badan,
working time dan recovery time.
6. Membuat grafik (dari tiap rekap data) yang menunjukan hubungan HR
terhadap waktu, baik waktu operasi maupun waktu istirahat untuk masing-
masing treatment.
7. Menghitung recovery time dan waktu istirahat yang dibutuhkan
berdasarkan jenis kelaminnya.
8. Menghitung kebutuhan konsumsi energi oleh setiap operator sesuai dengan
jenis kelaminnya.
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 46
9. Membuat grafik konsumsi energi terhadap heart rate normal.
10. Membuat grafik hubungan antara VO2 max dengan HR normal.
11. Menganalisa data hasil praktikum.
12. Membuat kesimpulan dan saran.
4.3. TUGAS LAPORAN RESMI
1. Mengumpulkan data hasil percobaan, merekap data dan menghitung rata-
ratanya berdasarkan variabilitas. (Tabel Terlampir)
2. Mengumpulkan data hasil percobaan, merekap data dan menghitung rata-
ratanya berdasarkan variabilitas berat badan dan jenis kelamin. (41-50kg;
51-60kg; di atas 60kg) (Tabel Terlampir)
3. Membuat grafik physiological performance berdasarkan variabilitas jenis
kelamin.
Contoh:
4. Membuat grafik physiological performance berdasarkan variabilitas berat
badan.
Contoh:
Grafik Operasi 5 Menit Pertama
90,00
100,00
110,00
120,00
130,00
140,00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Waktu (menit)
HR
(h
eart
rate
)
Pria Wanita
Grafik Operasi 5 Menit Pertama Wanita
Ergocycle Program 9 level 1
100,00
110,00
120,00
130,00
140,00
150,00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Waktu (menit)
HR
(H
eart
rate
)
41-50 51-60 di atas 60
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 47
5. Membuat grafik HR terhadap waktu per operator (masing-masing
kelompok) dan Rumus Linearnya (menggunakan software SPSS)
Contoh:
Gambar Grafik HR terhadap waktu pada operasi 5 menit pertama (berjalan)
Y = -0,96X + 99,74
6. Recovery Time (lama waktu istirahat)
Recovery time bisa didapat dengan 2 cara, yaitu:
a. Apabila data pertama sama dengan HR normal operator maka lama
waktu istirahat yang digunakan adalah data pertama
b. Interpolasi dengan mencari penurunan terpanjang (selisih paling
banyak)
Contoh:
Nama BB
(kg)
HR HR Istirahat
1 2 3 4 5 6 …
Dika 53 90 160 165 165 160 155 150
Interpolasi
18
10
180
1404010
10
70
2
4
160150
16090
46
4
x
x
x
x
x
detik ke =18.10 =180
Dot/Lines show Means
1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00
WAKTU
92,00
96,00
100,00
104,00
HR
HR = 99,74 + -0,96 * W AKTU
R-Square = 0,13
Linear Regression
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 48
7. Membuat rekap data Recovery Time.
Tabel rekapan data:
Nama BB (kg) HR Normal Recovery Time
(detik ke - )
8. Menghitung konsumsi VO2 max menggunakan interpolasi dan tabel astrand.
(Tabel Astrand terlampir)
9. Membuat rekap data konsumsi VO2 max.
Tabel rekapan data:
Pria
Nama BB (kg) HR Normal Konsumsi VO2 max
Wanita
Nama BB (kg) HR Normal Konsumsi VO2 max
Berat Badan
Interval
BB Nama BB (kg)
HR
Normal
Konsumsi VO2
max
41-50 kg
51-60 kg
≥ 60 kg
10. Membuat grafik VO2 max berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan berat badan.
Contoh:
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 49
Jenis kelamin
Berat Badan
11. Perhitungan Waktu Istirahat
Setelah melakukan aktivitas lari selama 5 menit dengan treadmill, maka
dihitung pengeluaran energi yang digunakan pada waktu aktivitas tersebut
dengan menggunakan persamaan Astuti (1985) sebagai berikut :
Y = 1,804 – 0,0229 X + 4,717.10-4
X2
dimana : Y = energi (kilokalori per menit)
X = kecepatan denyut jantung / heart rate (denyut per menit)
Perhitungan dilakukan dua kali, yaitu dengan :
X1 = HR Normal, akan diperoleh Y1 = energi pada saat istirahat
X2 = HR saat Aktivitas tertinggi (pada detik ke-10 setelah aktivitas),
akan diperoleh Y2 = energi pada saat aktivitas
Selanjutnya untuk menghitung konsumsi energi saat berlari pada treadmill,
dapat ditulis dengan persamaan berikut :
KE = Et – Ei
Dengan : KE = konsumsi energi (kilokalori per menit)
Et = Y2 = pengeluran energi pada saat waktu kerja tertentu (kilokalori
per menit)
Ei = Y1 = pengeluaran energi pada saat istirahat (kilokalori per
menit)
Grafik VO2 Max terhadap HR Normal
5,00
7,00
9,00
11,00
13,00
15,00
17,00
80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
HR Normal
VO
2 M
ax
Pria Wanita
Grafik VO2 Max terhadap HR Normal Pria
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96
HR Normal
VO
2 M
ax
41-50 51-60 di atas 60
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 50
Konsumsi energi pada waktu berlari di treadmill merupakan selisih antara
pengeluaran energi pada waktu kerja tersebut dengan pengeluaran energi
saat istirahat.
Kemudian hasil perhitungan direkap dalam tabel sebagai berikut :
Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan mengenai waktu istirahat agar sejalan
dengan beban kerja. Berikut ini persamaan matematis (Murrel) yang
digunakan :
51,
)(
W
SWTR
Dengan : R = waktu istirahat yang dibutuhkan (menit)
T = total waktu kerja ( = 5 menit )
W = KE = konsumsi energi rata-rata untuk bekerja (kilokalori per
menit)
S = pengeluaran energi rata2 yang direkomendasikan (gunakan 4
kcal/min untuk wanita atau 5 kcal/min untuk pria)
Waktu istirahat juga dihitung untuk masing-masing operator.
12. Membuat grafik konsumsi energi terhadap heart rate berdasarkan variabilitas
yang ditentukan (jenis kelamin, berat badan).
4.4. Referensi
a) Nurmianto, Eko ( 1996 ), Ergonomi, Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasinya, PT
Guna Widya Jakarta
b) Wignjosoebroto, Sritomo ( 1996 ), Ergonomi, Studi Gerak dan Waktu, PT
Guna Widya Jakarta
c) E. Granjean, 1982. Fittng The Task To The Man : An Ergonomics
Approach
Et Ei KE
Aktivitas Normal (kcal/min) (kcal/min) (kcal/min)
Bayu
Firman
Johan
operatorHR
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 51
4.5. Latihan Soal
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 52
4.6. Lembar Kerja
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MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 53
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MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 54
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MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 55
4.7. Lampiran
Lampiran Tabel Rekap data hasil percobaan berdasarkan variabilitas jenis kelamin
Operasi 5 menit pertama
Istirahat 3 menit
pertama
Nama BB HR Operasi Istirahat
(kg) Normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Operasi 5 menit kedua Istirahat 10 menit kedua
Nama BB HR Operasi Istirahat
(kg) Normal 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Operasi 10 menit ketiga
Istirahat 3 menit
ketiga
Nama BB HR Operasi Istirahat
(kg) Normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 56
Operasi 10 menit keempat Istirahat 10 menit keempat
Nama BB HR Operasi Istirahat
(kg) Normal 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Operasi 5 menit kelima Istirahat 10 menit kelima
Nama BB HR Operasi Istirahat
(kg) Normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Operasi 10 menit keenam Istirahat 10 menit keenam
Nama BB HR Operasi Istirahat
(kg) Normal 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 57
Lampiran Tabel Rekap data hasil percobaan berdasarkan variabilitas berat badan dan jenis kelamin
Operasi 5 menit pertama Istirahat 3 menit pertama
Interval Jenis
Nama BB (kg)
HR Operasi Istirahat
BB Kelamin Normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
41-50 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
51-60 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
di atas 60 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 58
Operasi 5 menit kedua Istirahat 10 menit kedua
Interval Jenis Nama BB
(kg)
HR Operasi Istirahat
BB Kelamin Normal 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
41-50 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
51-60 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
di atas
60
Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
Operasi 10 menit ketiga
Istirahat 3 menit
ketiga
Interval Jenis Nama BB
(kg)
HR Operasi Istirahat
BB Kelamin Normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
41-50 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
51-60 Pria
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 59
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
di atas
60
Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
Operasi 10 menit keempat Istirahat 10 menit keempat
Interval Jenis Nama BB
(kg)
HR
Normal
Operasi Istirahat
BB Kelamin 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
41-50 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
51-60 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
di atas
60
Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 60
Operasi 5 menit kelima Istirahat 10 menit kelima
Interval Jenis Nama BB
(kg)
HR Operasi Istirahat
BB Kelamin Normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
51-60 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
di atas
60
Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 61
Operasi 10 menit keenam Istirahat 10 menit keenam
Interval Jenis Nama BB
(kg)
HR Operasi Istirahat
BB Kelamin Normal 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
51-60 Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
di atas
60
Pria
Rata-rata
Wanita
Rata-rata
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 62
Maximum Oxygen Uptake (Max VO2) Estimates For The Astrand-Rhyming Test in Liters Per
Minute (L/mm)
MEN WOMAN
HR 300 600 900 1200 1500 300 450 600 750 900
< 120 2.3 4.9 2.7 5.1
120 2.2 3.4 4.8 2.6 3.4 4.1 4.8 5.1
121 2.2 3.4 4.7 2.5 3.3 4 4.8 5
122 2.2 3.4 4.6 2.5 3.2 3.9 4.7 5
123 2.1 3.4 4.6 2.4 3.1 3.9 4.6 5
124 2.1 3.3 4.5 6 2.4 3.1 3.8 4.5 5
125 2 3.2 4.4 5.9 2.3 3 3.7 4.4 4.9
126 2 3.2 4.4 5.8 2.3 3 3.6 4.3 4.9
127 2 3.1 4.3 5.7 2.2 2.9 3.5 4.2 4.9
128 2 3.1 4.2 5.6 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.8
129 1.9 3 4.2 5.6 2.2 2.8 3.4 4.1 4.8
130 1.9 3 4.1 5.5 2.1 2.7 3.4 4 4.7
131 1.9 2.9 4 5.4 2.1 2.7 3.4 4 4.6
132 1.8 2.9 4 5.3 2 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5
133 1.8 2.8 3.9 5.3 2 2.6 3.2 3.8 4.4
134 1.8 2.8 3.9 5.2 2 2.6 3.2 3.8 4.4
135 1.7 2.8 3.8 5.1 2 2.6 3.1 3.7 4.3
136 1.7 2.7 3.8 5 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.2
137 1.7 2.7 3.7 5 1.9 2.5 3 3.6 4.2
138 1.6 2.7 3.7 4.9 1.8 2.4 3 3.5 4.1
139 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.8 1.8 2.4 2.9 3.5 4
140 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.8 6 1.8 2.4 2.8 3.4 4
141 2.6 3.5 4.7 5.9 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.9
142 2.5 3.5 4.6 5.8 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.9
143 2.5 3.4 4.6 5.7 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.8
144 2.5 3.4 4.5 5.7 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.8
145 2.4 3.4 4.5 5.6 1.6 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7
146 2.4 3.3 4.4 5.6 1.6 2.2 2.6 3.2 3.7
MODUL 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
MODUL AJAR PRAKTIKUM ERGONOMI 63
147 2.4 3.3 4.4 5.5 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6
148 2.4 3.2 4.3 5.4 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6
149 2.3 3.2 4.3 5.4 2.1 2.6 3 3.5
150 2.3 3.2 4.2 5.3 2 2.5 3 3.5
151 2.3 3.1 4.2 5.2 2 2.5 3 3.4
152 2.3 3.1 4.1 5.2 2 2.5 2.9 3.4
153 2.2 3 4.1 5.1 2 2.4 2.9 3.3
154 2.2 3 4 5.1 2 2.4 2.8 3.3
155 2.2 3 4 5 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.2
156 2.2 2.9 4 5 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.2
157 2.1 2.9 3.9 4.9 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.2
158 2.1 2.9 3.9 4.9 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.1
159 2.1 2.8 3.8 4.8 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.1
160 2.1 2.8 3.8 4.8 1.8 2.2 2.6 3
161 2 2.8 3.7 4.7 1.8 2.2 2.6 3
162 2 2.8 3.7 4.6 1.8 2.2 2.6 3
163 2 2.8 3.7 4.6 1.7 2.2 2.6 2.9
164 2 2.7 3.6 4.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9
165 2 2.7 3.6 4.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9
166 1.9 2.7 3.6 4.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.8
167 1.9 2.6 3.5 4.4 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.8
168 1.9 2.6 3.5 4.4 1.6 2 2.4 2.8
169 1.9 2.6 3.5 4.4