LAMPIRAN A

DATA PERCOBAAN

A.1 Analisa Kadar Air Kayu Pohon Cemara dan Pulp

Tabel A.1 Analisa Kadar Air Kayu Pohon Cemara dan Pulp

Waktu

(menit)

Massa (gram) Kadar Air (%)

Kayu Pohon

CemaraPulp

Kayu Pohon

CemaraPulp

0 2,25 5

42,6 % 72,6 %

5 1,45 4,43

10 1,31 3,87

15 1,29 3,34

20 1,29 2,82

25 1,29 2,28

30 1,9

35 1,64

40 1,37

45 1,37

50 1,37

A.2 Analisa Kadar Abu Pulp

Tabel 4.2 Analisa Kadar Abu Pulp

Massa Cawan

(gram)

Massa Cawan + Abu

(gram)Massa Abu (gram) Kadar Abu (%)

45,84 46,13 0,29 14,5

A.3 Analisa Kadar α-β-γ Selulosa Pulp

Tabel A.3 Analisa Kadar α-β-γ Selulosa Pulp

AnalisaVolume Titrasi

Pulp (mL)

Volume Titrasi

Blanko (mL)Kadar (%)

α selulosa

β selulosa

γ selulosa

3,2

-

5

10

-

2

81,368

10,412

8,220

A.4 Analisa Bilangan Kappa

Tabel A.4 Analisa Bilangan Kappa

Volume Titrasi Pulp (mL) Volume Titrasi Blanko (mL) Bilangan Kappa

16 40 15,936

LAMPIRAN B

CONTOH PERHITUNGAN

B.1 Persiapan Kayu Pohon Cemara

Kayu pohon cemara : larutan pemasak = 1 : 4

Kayu pohon cemara (basis basah) = 200,000 gram

Kayu pohon cemara (basis kering) = 114,667 gram

Kadar air =

massa bahan baku basah - massa bahan baku keringmassa bahan baku basah

×100%

=

(2,250 - 1,290 )2,250

×100 %

= 42,667 %

Keadaan kering = (100 – 42,667) % = 57,333 %

Berat kayu pohon cemara kering =

57,333100

×200

= 114,667 gram

Larutan pemasak = 4 114,667 gram = 458,667 gram

Komponen larutan pemasak 12,5 :

NaOH (80 ) = 0,125 0,8 458,667 = 45,867 gram

Na2CO3 (20 ) = 0,125 0,2 458,667 = 11,467 gram

Aquadest = 458,667 – (45,867 + 11,467) = 401,333 gram

Densitas air pada suhu 30 oC = 0,99568 gr/ml (Geankoplis, 2003)

Volume aquadest =

401,333 gr0,99568 gr/ml

= 403,075 ml

B.2 Perhitungan Kadar Air

B.2.1 Kayu Pohon Cemara

Massa Kayu Pohon Cemara basah = 2,25 gram

Massa Kayu Pohon Cemara kering = 1,29 gram

Kadar air =

massa bahan baku basah - massa bahan baku keringmassa bahan baku basah

×100%

=

(2,250 - 1,290 )2,250

×100 %

= 42,6 %

B.2.2 Pulp

Massa pulp basah = 5 gram

Massa pulp kering = 1,37 gram

Kadar air =

massa pulp basah - massa pulp keringmassa bahan baku basah

×100 %

=

(5,000 - 1,370 )5,000

×100 %

= 72,6 %

B.3 Perhitungan Kadar Abu

Massa pulp kering = 2 gram

Massa abu = 0,29 gr

Kadar air =

massa abumassa pulp kering

×100 % (TAPPIc, 2002)

=0,29

2×100 %

= 14,5 %

B.4 Perhitungan Kadar Alfa Selulosa

Titrasi Blanko (V2) = 10 ml

Titrasi Sampel (V1) = 3,2 ml

Normalitas Amonium Sulfat = 0,1 N

Volume filtrate digunakan (A) = 25 ml

Pulp dikeringkan pada oven (W) = 5 gram

% α−selulosa=100−[6,85 (v2−v1 )×N×20/A×W ] (TAPPIa, 1999)

= 100−[6 ,85 (10 ,000−3 ,200 )×0 ,100×20/25 ,000×5 ,000 ] = 81,368 %

B.5 Perhitungan Kadar Gamma Selulosa

Volume setelah pengendapan = 5 ml

Volume titrasi blanko = 2 ml

%γ−selulosa=[ 6,85 (v4−v3 )×N×20/A×W ] (TAPPIa, 1999)

= [6 ,85 (5 ,000−2 ,000 )×0 ,100×20/25 ,000×5 ,000 ] = 8,220 %

B.6 Perhitungan Kadar Beta Selulosa

% β−selulosa = [100− (%α selulosa+% γ selulosa ) ](TAPPIa, 1999)

= [100−(81,368+8,22)]= 10,412 %

B.7 Perhitungan Bilangan Kappa

Larutan Thiosulfat yang terpakai titrasi blanko (b) = 40 ml

Larutan Thiosulfat yang terpakai titrasi sampel (a) = 16 ml

Normalitas Thiosulfat (N) = 0,2 N

Berat sampel kering oven (W) = 3 gr

p = (b−a ) N

0,1(TAPPIb, 2006)

= (40−16 ) 0,2

0,1

= 48 ml

Tabel B.1 Faktor “f” koreksi perbedaan pemakaian persentase permanganat

p + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 93040506070

0,9580,9791,0001,0221,044

0,9600,9811,0021,024

0,9620,9831,0041,026

0,9640,9851,0061,028

0,9660,9871,0091,030

0,9680,9891,0111,033

0,9700,9911,0131,035

0,9730,9941,0151,037

0,9750,9961,0171,039

0,9770,9981,0191,042

(TAPPIb, 2006)

Dari tabel B.1, pada p = 48, didapat f = 0,996

K = (p× f )W

(TAPPIb, 2006)

= (48×0,996 )

3

= 15,936

LAMPIRAN E

FOTO PERCOBAAN

E.1 Foto Analisa Kadar Air

Gambar E.1 Foto Analisa Kadar Air

E.2 Foto Analisa Kadar Abu

Gambar E.2 Foto Analisa Kadar Abu

E.3 Foto Analisa Kadar Alfa Selulosa

Gambar E.3 Foto Analisa Kadar Alfa Selulosa

E.4 Foto Analisa Kadar Beta dan Gamma Selulosa

Gambar E.4 Foto Analisa Kadar Beta dan Gamma Selulosa

LAMPIRAN F

FOTO PENGAMBILAN SAMPEL

F.1 Foto Pengambilan Sampel

Gambar F.1 Foto Pengambilan Sampel