Konsep Dasar Imunitas (01) Blok6

8/18/2019 Konsep Dasar Imunitas (01) Blok6

1/43

Konsep Dasar ImunologiSISTEM IMUN

Riandini Aisyah


2/43

Company Logo

Contents

Gangguan Sistem Imun

Cara Kera Sistem Imun

Tipe Sistem Imun ! Respons

Komponen Sistem Imun

"ungsi Sistem Imun


3/43

Defnisi

Imunitas :

resistensi tubuh thd masuknya substansiasing

Respon imun :

reaksi thd substansi asing yg terkoordinasi

Sistem imun :

sel & molekul yg bertanggung jawab dlmimunitas

Imunologi :

experimental science


4/43

Immunology Terms

Antigen Any molecule that binds to immunoglobulin or T cell receptor

#athogen Microorganism that can cause disease

Anti$ody %A$& Secreted immunoglobulin

Immunoglo$ulin %Ig& Antigen binding molecules of B cells

'a((ination Deliberate induction of protective immunity to a pathogen

Immuni)ation

The ability to resist infection


5/43

"un(tions o* Immunity

Immune de*ense

Immune homeostasis

Immune sur+eillan(e


6/43

6

,- Melindungi tu$uh dari in+asi agen penye$a$penya.it menghan(ur.an mi.roorganisme

atau su$stansi asing %$a.teri/ parasit/ amur/ dan

+irus/ serta tumor& yang masu. .e dalam tu$uh

0- Mengenali dan menghilang.an sel yang

a$normal


7/43

7

Patogen bagi tubuh manusia

,- 1a.teri

0- 'irus

2- #arasit


8/43


9/43

"un(tions and Mani*estation o* Immunity

"un(tions Normal Mani*estation A$normal Mani*estation

Immune Anti3in*e(tion 4ypersensiti+ity

De*ense Immunode*i(ien(y

Immune Eliminate inured and senile (ells immune dismodulation

4omeostasis Tolerate to sel* (omponents Autoimmune disease

Immune destroy trans*ormed (ells Tumor or

Sur+eillan(e %anti3tumor & #ersistent +irus in*e(tion

#re+ent *rom persistent in*e(tion


10/43

Komponen Sistem Imun

Leu.osit %5hite 1lood Cells& Limfosit T & Limfosit B

6rgan Lim*oid %Lymphoid 6rgan& Organ limfoid primer :

Sumsum tulang ! origin of all immune cells ! site for development and education of B cells

Thymus: ! site for development and education of T cells

Organ limfoid se"under

Lymph nodes# limpa# lymphoid tissue ! induction sites for immune responses

7aringan tu$uh %1ody Tissues& effector sites for immune responses


11/43

Maturasi sel 1 di $one marro8

Maturasi sel T di thymus %edu.asi sel T&

1lood stream

Du.tus

thora.si.us

Lim*onodus


12/43


13/43

1lood (ells deri+ed *rom $one marro8 (ells

cells


14/43

Blood cells migrate through blood and lymph nodes or home to

tissues

cells


15/43

Myeloid (ells in immunity


16/43

Tipe Sistem Imun

I- Imunitas Alami %Innate Immunity9nati+e immunity9 non3spe(i*i( immunity

9(ongenital immunity&

II- Imunitas Didapat %Adapti+e Immunity9

a(:uired immunity9spe(i*i( immunity&


17/43

$% espon langsung thd antigen

'% Tida" ditu(u"an terhadap mi"roorganisme tertentu

)% *omponen :

Barrier fisi" + me"ani" : "ulit# selaput lendir# silia#

batu"# bersin Bio"imia & fa"tor terlarut : asam lambung#

,umoral : "omplemen# interferon -./01# 23reactive

prot -241

Seluler : sel fagosit -monosit# ma"rofag# neutrofil#

eosinofil1# sel 0*

.M50.TAS ALAM.A,+.00AT6 .MM50.T7+ 0O0 S46S./.*


18/43

18

Sistem Kekebalan Non-spesifk

Dapat mendeteksi adanya benda asing &melindungi tubuh dari kerusakan yangdiakibatkannya, namun tdk dpt mengenalibenda asing yang masuk ke dalam tubuh.

Yang termasuk dlm sistem ini:1. Reaksi inflamasi/peradangan2. Protein antiirus !interferon"#. $el natural killer !%"'. $istem komplemen


19/43

19

Inamasi/ Peradangan

(erupakan respons lokal tubuh thd infeksi atau

perlukaan

)idak spesifik hanya untuk infeksi mikroba,

tetapi respons yg sama *uga ter*adi pada

perlukaan akibat suhu dingin, panas, atau

trauma

Pemeran utama: fagosit, a.l: neutrofil, monosit,

& makrofag


20/43

20

Tahap inamasi

,- Masu.nya $a.teri .e dalam aringan

0- 'asodilatasi sistem mi.rosir.ulasi area yg terin*e.simening.at.an aliran darah %RU16R9.emerahan !

CAL6R9panas&

2- #ermea$ilitas .apiler ! +enul yang terin*e.siterhadap protein mening.at di*usi protein ! *iltrasiair .e interstisial %TUM6R9$eng.a. ! D6L6R9nyeri&

;- Keluarnya neutro*il lalu monosit dari .apiler ! +enula.e interstisial

- #er$ai.an aringan


21/43

21


22/43

#hago(ytosis

The macrophageexpresses receptors ormany bacterial

constituents

!annosereceptor

"#Sreceptor$%D'(

Sca)enger

receptor

*acteria binding tomacrophage receptorsinitiate the release ocytokines and smalllipid mediators oin+ammation

"ipidmediators

%ytokines

"ysosome

#hagolysosome

#hagosome

!acrophages engul

and digest bacteria towhich they bind


23/43

Ma(rophages


24/43

,emampuan mengenal benda asing-antigen spesifk

menghancurkan antigen yg sdh dikenalsebelumnya

S.ST6M .M50 D.DA4AT+S46S./.*+ D.46OL6,

%ara sistem ini didapat :

. /kti

0. #asi

Dasar kerja I12/T/1-!3!4RI 55


25/43

Innate imm response ma.es a (ru(ial

(ontri$ution to the a(ti+ation o*

adapti+e imm

Immature dendriti( (ells %DCs& (at(h

pathogens %antigens& and (arry

pathogeni( material to a lymph node

8here the antigens are presented to

lympho(ytes-


26/43

Innate +s adapti+e immunity

Innate immunity

/irst line of defense -present in all individuals at alltimes1

.mmediate -8 ! 9 hours1

Non3spe(i*i(

Does not generate lasting protective immunity

Adapti+e immune response %late= ? @> hours&

.s initiated if innate immune response is not adeuate -;9 days1

Antigen3spe(i*i( immunity


27/43


28/43

Types o* Immunity

4umoral immunity

.mmunity that is mediated by antibodies

2an be transferred by to a non3immune

recipient by serum

Cell Mediated Immunity

.mmune response in >hich antigen specific T

cells dominate


29/43


30/43

The pro(ess o* immune


31/43

The pro(ess o* immuneresponse

in adapti+e immunity

Re(ognition o* antigens

A(ti+ation/proli*eration and

di**eren(iation o* T or 1 lympho(ytes

E**e(tor phase o* immune response

3333Elimination o* antigens


32/43

32

Sistem Kekebalan Humoral

+ntigen !+g" merangsang sel berubah

men*adi sel plasma yg memproduksi antibodi

!+b".

+b disekresi ke darah atau limf lokasi sel

plasma yg teraktiasi- semua +b akan menapai

darah⇒

gamma globulin imunoglobulin !0g"


33/43

33

Imunoglobulin (Ig)

Ada < .elas=,- Ig M $erperan s$g reseptor permu.aan sel 1 !

dise.resi pd tahap a8al respons sel plasma

0- Ig G Ig ter$anya. di darah/ diprodu.si i.a tu$uh$erespons thd antigen yg sama

Ig M ! IgG $erperan i.a td in+asi $a.teri ! +irusserta a.ti+asi .omplemen

2- Ig E melindungi tu$uh dr in*e.si parasit ! mrpmediator pd rea.si alergi melepas.an histamindari $aso*il ! sel mast

;- Ig A ditemu.an pd se.resi sistem pern(ernaan/pernapasan/ ! per.emihan %(th= pd airmata ! ASI&


34/43

34

ungsi !ntibodi


35/43

35

Sistem Kekebalan Seluler

Lim*osit T spesi*i. untu. .e.e$alan terhadap in*e.si+irus ! pengaturan pd me.anisme .e.e$alan-

Sel3sel T harus .onta. langsung dg sasaran

Ada 2 su$populasi sel T= sel T sitoto.si./ sel Thelper/ ! sel T supressor

Major histocompatibility complex %M4C&= .odehuman leucocyte-associated antigen %4LA& yg teri.atpd permu.aan mem$ran sel .has pd setiap indi+idu

Sur+eilens imun= .erasama sel T sitoto.si./ sel NK/ma.ro*ag/ ! inter*eron


36/43


37/43

The #ath8ay o* Spe(i*i( Immune Response

#athogens

#athogens eaten $y Ma(rophage

Displays portion o* #athogen

on sur*a(e

4elper3T (ell re(ogni)es

#athogen

Step $

Step '

Step )


38/43

Cara Kera Sistem Imun

!k i i S l T


39/43

39

!kti"asi Sel T


40/43

40

Pembentukan Kekebalan #angka Pan$ang


41/43

41

Pembentukan Kekebalan #angka Pan$ang(long-term immunity)

#ada .onta. pertama dgantigen mi.ro$a/ responsanti$odi teradi lam$atdlm $$rp hari sampaiter$entu. sel plasma !

a.an men(apai pun(a.dlm $$rp minggu%Respons primer& ! a.anmem$entu. sel memori

7i.a teradi .onta. dg

antigen yg sama/ .rnadanya sel memori/respons yg teradi mdle$ih (epat %Responsse.under&


42/43

Gangguan Sistem Imun


43/43

Selamat 1elaar/ Do Bour 1est

Konsep Dasar Imunitas (01) Blok6

Documents

Transcript of Konsep Dasar Imunitas (01) Blok6