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8/21/2019 Kelas XII SMA Bahasa Inggris

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PUSATPERBUKU

ANDepa!emenPen##$anNa%#ona&

1

S

)

S

& (S-A-A/

Grade XII

of Natural and Social Science Programme

!c"mad #odd$!"mad Sugeng%ffendi


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Developing English Competencieso Sen#o )#*+ S,+oo& (SA.A/

Grade XIIof Natural and Social Science Programme

!c"mad #odd$!"mad Sugeng%ffendi


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Hak Cipta pada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

Dilindungi Undang-undang

Hak Cipta Buku ini dibeli oleh Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

dari Penerbit Setia Purna Inves

Developing English Competencies

for Grade II of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Senior High School !S"#$"#%

Writers : Achmad DoddyAhmad SugengEendi

Editors : Editor !eam o Setia Purna "n#es

$ayouters : $ayouter !eam o Setia Purna "n#es"llustrator : "llustrator !eam o Setia Purna "n#esCo#er Designer : Designer !eam o Setia Purna "n#esCo#er Photo : Documentation o Setia Purna "n#es

%ook Si&e : '()* + , cm

.,/)/(D0D D0DD12 Achmadd De#eloping english competencies 3: or Senior High School 4S5A65A7

grade 8"" o natural and social science programmes6Achmad Doddy2Achmad Sugeng2 Eendi9 -- Ed)') -- akarta : Pusat Per;ukuan2Departemen Pendidikan Nasional2 ,//


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iii

&ata Sambutan

Puji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dankarunia- Nya, Pemerintah, dalam hal ini, Departemen Pendidikan

Nasional, pada tahun2008, telah membeli hak ipta buku teks pelajaran ini dari

penulis!penerbit untuk disebarluaskan kepada masyarakat melaluisitus internet "#ebsite$ %arin&an Pendidikan Nasional'

(uku teks pelajaran ini telah dinilai oleh (adan Standar NasionalPendidikan dan telah ditetapkan seba&ai buku teks pelajaran yan&

memenuhi syarat kelayakan untuk di&unakan dalam proses

pembelajaran melalui Peraturan )enteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor *+Tahun 2008'ami menyampaikan pen&har&aan yan& setin&&i-tin&&inya

kepada para penulis!penerbit yan& telah berkenan men&alihkan hakipta karyanya kepada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional untuk

di&unakan seara luas oleh para sis#a dan &uru di seluruh ndonesia'(uku-buku teks pelajaran yan& telah dialihkan hak iptanya

kepada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional ini, dapat diunduh "do#nload$, di&andakan, dietak, dialihmediakan, atau di.otokopi oleh

masyarakat' Namun, untuk pen&&andaan yan& bersi.at komersialhar&a penjualannya harus memenuhi ketentuan yan& ditetapkan oleh

Pemerintah' Diharapkan bah#a buku teks pelajaran ini akan lebih mudahdiakses sehin&&a sis#a dan &uru di seluruh ndonesia maupun sekolah

ndonesia yan& berada di luar ne&eri dapat meman.aatkan sumberbelajar

ini'

ami berharap, semua pihak dapat mendukun& kebijakan ini'

epada para sis#a kami uapkan selamat belajar dan man.aatkanlahbuku ini sebaik-baiknya' ami menyadari bah#a buku ini masih perlu

ditin&katkan mutunya' /leh karena itu, saran dan kritik san&at kamiharapkan'

%akarta, %uli 2008

epala Pusat Perbukuan


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i

Preface

Developing English Competencies for Grade XII of Natural and

Social Science Programmes is desi&ned to .ailitate you, students o.

senior hi&h shool "S)A!)A$, to ommuniate in 1n&lish aordin& to

the ontet o. the lan&ua&e use'

Developing English Competencies for Grade XII of Natural and

Social Science Programmes enables you to aess in.ormation o.

arious 3elds o. siene to prepare you to &o to uniersity'

1n&lish learnin& in Developing English Competencies for Grade XII ofNatural and

Social Science Programmes is based on literay based approah so you

an &et many learnin& eperienes by onsiderin& the aspets o.

interpretation, onention, ollaboration, ultural kno#led&e, problem

solin&, re4etion and lan&ua&e use'

n Developing English Competencies for Grade XII of Natural and

Social Science Programmes, there are many atiities aailable .or you

to do indiidually or #ith other students' These atiities eplore yourreatiity' 5ou are epeted to be skill.ul in doin& the eerises, atin&

out dialo&ues, onstrutin& sentenes or tets and the other atiities

that .ailitate you to be skill.ul in usin& 1n&lish in ommuniation'

6ast but not least, the #riters are ery &rate.ul to all people #ho

hae helped and &ien their input, support and enoura&ement' We

#ould like to thank PT Setia Purna nes, espeially the editors and

team, .or .ailitatin& us to publish our #ork' 7ope.ully, this book #ill

help you learn 1n&lish in a ommuniatie #ay'

(andun&, %uly 2008

Writers


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#n 'vervie( of )his Book

Developing English Competencies for Grade XII of Natural andSocial Science Programmes omprises hapters and 2 reie#s' 1ahhapter onsists .our lan&ua&e skills, i'e' 6istenin&, Speakin&, 9eadin&and Writin&'

(elo# are the harateristis .eatured in Developing EnglishCompetencies for Grade

XII of Natural and Social Science Programmes'

:' Title introdues the theme o. the hapter'

2'Chapter Photo

represents the theme o. the hapter'*' In This Chapter &ies a onise summary o. lan&ua&e .untionsand themes that #ill be learned in the hapter'

+' Text presents a &enre related to the theme o. the hapter'

' Genre Structure sho#s you the &eneri struture o. related &enre'

;' Grammar Review .ouses on a &rammar struture in tets o. aertain &enre'


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i

order'


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ii

Contents

Kata Sambutan

Pre*ace

+n ,verview o* This -oo.

Chapter *Can $ou Tell /e the Story0'istening

6istenin& to su&&estions, re>uests and instrutions

Aeptin& and delinin& re>uests

6istenin& to narratie tets

Spea.ing

)akin& su&&estions, re>uestin& and &iin& instrutions

Per.ormin& a monolo&ue o. narratie tet

Rea)ing

9eadin& narratie tets

9eadin& a short .untional tet? an adertisement

WritingWritin& a narratie tet

Writin& a short .untional tet? an announement

Chapter Summary

'earning Re(ection

iii

iv

v

12

2

2

+

;

;

=

::

::

:8

:=:=

2

2;2;

Chapter +"ow the Water Cycle Wor.s23'istening28

6istenin& to blame, ausation and omplaint28

6istenin& to promises, s#earin& and deterrene28

6istenin& to eplanation tets*2

Spea.ing*+

(lamin& and ausin&*+

)akin& a promise, s#earin& and deterrene*+Per.ormin& a monolo&ue o. eplanation tet

*uestC

+' 5ou #ant to respond to someonesinstrutionC

4isten to the follo(ing dialogue from the tape3)hen5 6ll in the blanks (hile 0ou are listening3

Englishclub.com

Student ? 1use me' )y teaher &ae me

an assi&nment to #rite a book report':

#hat book should readC6ibrarian ? 2 ' Did your teaher set a

speiE bookC

Student ? 5es' A ontemporary noel,atually' 6ibrarian ? Well, * you read

%ife of Pi' The bookis &reat' ts about the li.e o. Pi and

his &reat adenture' think youshould read the book'

Student ? ThatFs &reat' + ' borro# the book no#C

6ibrarian ? ; ' 5ou an borro# it .or a#eek' Student ? Thank you, but think

need it .or a lon&erperiod' < makin& a opy o.

itC 6ibrarian ? /h, 8 no part o. thebook may be

opied'


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*Can 1ou !ell 5e the

udent ? /' =

etend the duedate by t#o

#eeksC

brarian ?:0

'ere you are'


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#ctivit0 34isten to these e7pressions from the tape3 )hen5decide (hether the0 are suggestions5 re2uests5 orinstructions3

:' (rin& that book to me'

2' Why donFt you read this storyC

*' Why not read this storyC

+' 9ead this story loudly'

' Would you mind lendin& me the book, pleaseC

;' What about &oin& to the libraryC


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#ctivit0 6 4ook at the picture and ans(er the 2uestions o r all0 3

:' What piture is itC2' When you #ere a hild, did you

like to listen to storiesC

*' What #as your .aourite storyC

+' Who #ere the haraters o. thestoryC

' What #as it aboutC

Source= !georgia!li"vt!us

#ctivit0 7 Complete the stor0 (hile 0ou are listening to the tape3

A be&&ar .ound a :

that someone had dropped in themarket plae' /penin& it, he

disoered that it ontained :00piees o. &old' Then he heard a

merhant 2 , HA re#ardIA re#ard to the one #ho 3nds

my leather purseIH(ein& an honest man, thebe&&ar

* and handed the purse

to the merhant sayin&, H7ere is

your purse' )ay hae there#ard no#CH

H9e#ardCH soJed the

merhant, &reedily ountin& his&old' HWhy the purse +

had 200 piees o. &old in it'5oue already stolen more than

the re#ardI Ko a#ay or ll tell

'H

Hm an ; man,H saidthe be&&ar de3antly' H6et us

take this matter to the ourt'Hn ourt the jud&e uestC

+' What do you say #hen denyin& a re>uestC

8ead the dialogue3 Pa0 attention to the italicisedsentences3

Dani ? 7i, Adi' 7o#Fs it &oin& todayCAdi ? /h, hi, Dani' /h, so-so' Fm a little tired'

Dani ? 9eally' Why is thatC DidnFt you sleepery #ell last ni&htC

Adi ? slept /, but not enou&h' read abook last ni&ht and just ouldnFt put it

do#n'Dani ? What book #as thatC

Adi ? *f +ice and +en by %ohn Steinbek'

Dani ? 5ouFre .ond o. Steinbek, arenFt youCFe read some o. his noels' like heGrapes of -rath' 7ae you read itC

Adi ? Not yet' s it interestin&C

Dani ? ts a depressin& tale, atually' I suggest'ou read the "oo)'

Adi ? Can 'ou lend me the "oo) until ne.tee)/

Dani ? I0m afraid I can0t' donFt hae it no#'

Nadia is readin& the book'Adi ? -ill 'ou let me )no if she has


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1nished itC Dani ? Sure, I ill!


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ts a &roup projet'Lind otherepressions .ormakin& re>uests,su&&estions, andinstrutions' )akesome short dialo&uesusin&the epressions youhae .ound andpratise

#ctivit0 3Here is a dialogue bet(een a son and his mother3Identif0 the e7pressions (hich are used to giveinstruction3

Son ? )om' Fm thinkin& o. traellin& around%aa this holiday alone' What do you

thinkC

)other ? Traellin&C AloneC That sounds dan&erousI

5ou shouldnFt &o by yoursel.' 5ou

ou&ht to &o #ith your .riend'

Son ? 5es' Thats true'

)other ? And youFd better talk to your .ather Erst'

Son ? did' Already' 7e thou&ht itFs a &reat

idea, but he also said that must &o

#ith a .riend'

#ctivit0 4

Your Project

Here are some more e7amples of the e7pressions tomake suggestions5 re2uests and give instructions38epeat after 0our teacher3

/a.ingSuggestions

5ou ould "mi&ht$ join the speehontest'

. #ere you, #ould take are thisdo&'

Why dont you &o to thedotorC

Why dont you ome to my house and

borro# my umbrelaC

What!7o# about &oin& to theeterinarianC

Re@uesting

Would you mind passin& me the salt,pleaseC

Gould you please take me to thedentistC

Gan you tell me #hat

happenedC Will!Would you ome to my birthday


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party

CPleasetellmethestory'

G

ivingInst

ru

ctions

5ou should keep it out o. the hildrensreah'

Whateer you do, dont be

nerous' (rin& that ma&aine tome'

9ead the tetloudly'


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Re@uesting

Would you

mind ''',

pleaseC

Gan!Gould

you '''C

Will!Would

you '''C Please ''''

Sure, Fd be

&lad!happy

to ''''

/. ourse!

Gertainly'

No problem'

Sure' %usta

moment'

d loed

to, but '''

t sounds

&reat,

but '''

Fm!sorry,

but ''''

Sorry to

say that ''''

Suggestions +ccepting Re%ecting

5ou ould

"mi&ht$ ''''

su&&est!reommen

d that

you '''

5ou really

should!

ou&ht

to ''''

stron&ly

adise!ur&e you to ''''

5ouFdbetter

ThatFs a &ood!

nie!#onder.ul,

idea!su&&estion'

Thank you!

Thanks' Oll

do! try that'

Why didnFt

think o.

thatC think

youFre ri&ht'

tried

that, but

'''' Thanks,

but that

#onFt

#ork!help

beause '''

'

donFt

#ant

to!anFt dothat

beause ''''

F

What to Say

Study the .ollo#in& epressions o. re>uests,su&&estions

and &iin&instrutions'

)ore Lormal

6ess Lormal

Suggestions Suggestions

)ore Lormal

6ess Lormal

Giving Instructions

)ore Lormal

6ess Lormal

/pen pa&e :0 o. this book'

Kie me that story book'

9ead this para&raph loudly'

Write your o#n story'


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#ctivit0 59ith 0our partner5 create a short dialogue using thee7pressions 0ou have :ust learned3 )hen act it out3

Pronunciation Practice

Say the *ollowing wor)s a*ter yourteacher

:' patient &'e( )nt&

2' rush &r &

*' illa&e &* l) d &

+' measure &me )r&

' &round &gr) nd&

;' healthy &"el i&


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H had a bri&htidea' am &oin& tobuild the bi&&est toy hae eer made, and #ant you toys tohelp meIH

The toysouldnt #ait to &etstarted' 1ar ly netmornin& they&athered all the tools#hile )r Tappitmeasured the pieeso. #ood, then

marked them #ith hispenil'HThis toy #ill be

the bi&&est eerseenH ried )r Tappit,as he ran rushlyaround the shoplookin& .or his &luepot' Hn.at, it #ill bea KANTIH

H/. ourse notHsmiled )r Tappit' Hts

just a &iant toyIH ttook a #hole #eekand a lot o. patient,but at last the &ianttoy #as Enished'

H5oue all#orked ery hard,Hsaid )r Tappit #ith a

smile and he steppedbak to take a look'


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: De#eloping English Competencies or ?rade 8"" o Natural and Social Science Programmes

HNot a real &iant, hope,H#hispered a little doll in a shakyoie' Hm really .ri&htened o.&iants'H

All the toys put do#n theirpaint pots and brushes andstepped bak to' Hsnt it#onder.ulCH they ried, andeeryone lapped and heered'

The &iant toy #as a &reatsuess' A.ter )r Tappit had&aed .or a #hile at the#onder.ul toy he had made, heheaed a si&h and srathed his

head'

HWhere should keep this&iant toyC ts too bi& to plaeinside the shop'''

HH%ust plae it on the Eeld,H

ried the little doll'H/h &ot it, #ill keep it

outside my shop, so eeryone#ho see it #ill ome by to myshop'H said )r Tappit happily'

+)apte) *rom 23 4ed ime Stories,2002

#ctivit0 7No( retell again the te7t in #ctivit0 ; (ith 0our o(n(ords3 Some instructions belo( (ill help 0ou3

#ctivit0 8

:' Think #here the story happened'

2' )ention the main haraters name'

*' Think o. the main ideas, supportin&ideas and onludin& ideas o. the story'

+' )ention its moral alues'

9ork in pairs3 Sa0 aloud the follo(ing advertisementand ans(er the 2uestions3

ItAs not%ust%ust aa

ccolleollecctiontion o* *ablesIt teaches lessons about human behaviour.

There's always a moral lesson in each story.

Now available at bookstores.

For more information visit

www .aesopfables.com

Source= !aesopfa"les!com

:' What is a.ableC

2' 7ae you read any .ableC What is your.aouriteC
http://www.aesopfables.com/http://www.aesopfables.com/http://www.aesopfables.com/http://www.aesopfables.com/http://www.aesopfables.com/http://www.aesopfables.com/http://www.aesopfables.com/


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:Can 1ou !ell 5e the

*' What does the story teahC

+' Where are the books aailableC

' What should #e do to &et more in.ormation

about the bookC


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Reaing

In this section> you will learn how to=

read narratie tetsB &et meanin&s in narratie tetsB

identi.y the struture o. a narratie tet'

#ctivit0 1 #ns(er the 2uestions o r all0 3

#ctivit0 2

:' What do you kno# aboutle&endsC

2' 7ae you eer heard or read the le&end o.San&kurian&C

Where is it .romC

*' Aordin& to the le&end, ho# did ang)u"anPerahu

ome into eisteneC

/ou are going to read a stor03 Here are some (ordstaken from the stor03 B0 consulting a dictionar05match the (ords to their meanings or s0non0ms3

9ords "eaning$S0non0ms


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:' urse

2' eternal

*' .ate

+' .aint

' .aith.ul;' Qin&!Qun&


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#ctivit0 38ead and stud0 the follo(ing te7t aloud3 Pa0attention to the pronunciation5 stress and pause3

Sang.uriang

A ery lon& time a&o in West%aa, there lied a kin&, named

9aden Sun&&in& Peban&kara' 7e#as a &ood ruler' 7e likedhuntin& in the .orest ery muh'

n the .orest, there lied a

she-pi&, atually a ursed

&oddess' /ne day, she ame outo. her hidin& plae lookin& .or#ater' There, she sa# a oonut

shell Elled #ith #ater' 1petin& itto be a .resh #ater, she drank it,

hain& no suspiious that it #asthe kin&Fs urine le.t there the daybe.ore #hen he #ent huntin&'

The onse>uene #as ery

stran&e' She beame pre&nant' A.e# months later she &ae birth

to a ery pretty &irl'When the kin& #as huntin&

a&ain in the .orest, he sa# the&irl and #as attrated by her

beauty' 7e took her to his palae,then he alled her Dayan& Sumbiand treated her as his o#n

dau&hter'Time passed and Dayan&Sumbi &re# up into a beauti.ul

&irl' She #as .ond o. #eain&'/ne mornin& as she #as

#eain&, her #eain& spool 4e#out o. the #indo# to the Eeld'(eause she #as ery tired, shemumbled, RWhoeer is #illin& tohelp me pik up the spool, Flltreat her as my sister i. she is a

&irl' . he is a man, Fll treat him

as my husband' These#ords #ere heard by a

do&, alled Tuman&,atually a ursed


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od too' 7e immediately piked up the

ool and &ae it to Dayan& Sumbi' Seein&e do& had helped her, she .ainted' The

od had deided .or her to under&o the

te' She beame pre&nant and a short timeter#ards she &ae birth to a healthyron& son #hom she alled San&kurian&'

San&kurian& beame a handsome youn&an, as time #ent by' 6ike his &rand.ather,

e #as .ond o. huntin& in the .orest andman& #as his .aith.ul .riend #hen

amin& the #oods' 7e didnFt realie thatman& #as atually his .ather'

/ne day, #hen the do& didnt obey himhase the pi&, San&kurian& #as ery

&ry and killed the do& and ut up his Qeshto piees and took it home to his mother'

r a moment Dayan& Sumbi #aseehless and took a spool and Qun& it at

m' This le.t a sar on the spot' Then Dayan&mbi sent him a#ay'

San&kurian& le.t and #anderedrou&h the #oods' 7e #alked .or years'

Linally he returned to his natie plae,ut did not reo&nise it any lon&er' At the

nd o. a ast rie Eeld, he notied a housed sa# a youn& &irl sittin& at her #eain&-

om' 7e approahed her and #as harmed her beauty' 7e #as una#are that she


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#as his o#n mother' Dayan&Sumbi had been &ien eternal

beauty by the &ods #hih #as#hy she looked youn& .oreer'

She looked at him and notiin&his &ood looks, she promised to

marry him' They made plans .ortheir #eddin& day, but one day

she disoered the sar on his.orehead' She kne# that he #asher o#n son #ho had ome bakto his illa&e'

She made an eJort to make

him understand that marria&ebet#een them #as impossible,but San&kurian& re.used to

aept it'She had an idea and said to

him RAll ri&ht, you shall marry mei. only you an dam up theGitarum rier and build a bi&essel all in one ni&ht'

San&kurian& a&reed andstarted to #ork by usin& his

ma&i po#ers and his prayin& tothe &ods .or help'

To preent the marria&e,be.ore

San&kurian& 3nished his #ork,

she strethed the red eil #hih

oered

her head oer the eastern side o.the plain' Throu&h her ma&i

po#ers, the red li&ht spread oerthe landsape, &iin& the

impression that the sun #asrisin& and that the time #as up'

An&rily, San&kurian& kiked theessel #hih #as almost3nished, upside do#n'

Some times later the essel

beame the mountain o.

Tan&kuban Perahu on thenorthern side o. (andun&'

+)apte) *rom 5ol) ales from Indonesia!, :===

#ctivit0 4In pairs5 ans(er the follo(ing 2uestions based on thete7t in #ctivit0 ,3

:' Where does the story take plaeC

2' Who #as 9aden Sun&&in& Peban&kara C

*' What did Dayan& Sumbli look likeC

+' Who #as Tuman&C

' Why #as San&kurian& an&ry #ith Tuman&C;' Why did Dayan& Sumbi send San&kurian& a#ayC


36/335


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:+ De#eloping English Competencies or ?rade 8"" o Natural and Social Science Programmes

#ctivit0 5


38/335

Doctor;nowall

There #as one upon a time a poorpeasant alled Grabb, #ho droe #ith t#ooen and a load o. #ood to the to#n, and soldit to a dotor .or t#o talers' When the money#as bein& ounted out to him, it sohappened that the dotor #as sittin& at table,and #hen the peasant sa# ho# #ell he ateand drank, his heart desired #hat he sa#,

and #ould #illin&ly hae been a dotor too'So he remained standin& a #hile, and atlen&th in>uired i. he too ould not be adotor'O/h, yes,F said the dotor, that is easilydone' What must doCH Asked the peasant'

HLirst buy yoursel. an A ( G book o. thekind #hih has a ok on the .rontispieeBseond, sell your art and your t#o oen, and&et yoursel. some lothes, and #hatsoeer

else pertains to mediineB third, hae a si&npainted .or yoursel. #ith the #ords, H amDotor no#all,H and hae that nailed upaboe your house-door'H The peasant dideerythin& that he had been told to do' A.terhe had treated people a #hile, a rih and&reat lord had some money stolen' Then he#as told about Dotor no#all #ho lied insuh and suh a illa&e, and must kno# #hathad beome o. the money' So the lord hadthe horses harnessed to his arria&e, droeout to the illa&e, and asked Grabb i. he #asDotor no#all' 5es, he #as, he said' Then he#as to &o #ith him and brin& bak the stolenmoney'/h, yes, but Krete, my #i.e, must &o too'

The lord #as #illin&, and let both o. themhae a seat in the arria&e, and they all droea#ay to&ether'

When they ame to the noblemansastle, the table #as spread, and Grabb #as

#ctivit0 8Here is another te7t3 8ead the te7t intensivel0 andstud0 the structure of narrative te7t3

/rientation

Gompliation


39/335

to say? That is the Erst thie., and as heatually #as so, he #as terriEed, and said tohis omrade outside?The dotor kno#s all? #e shall .are ill, he said

#as the Erst'DThe seond did not #ant to &oin at all, but #as .ored to' So #hen he #ent in#ith his dish, the peasant nud&ed his #i.e,and said? Krete, that is the seond'

This serant #as e>ually alarmed, and he&ot out as .ast as he ould' The third .ared nobetter, .or the peasant a&ain said? Krete, thatis the third' The .ourth had to arry in a dishthat #as oered, and the lord told the dotorthat he #as to sho# his skill, and &uess #hat

#as beneath the oer' Atually, there #ererabs' The dotor looked at the dish, had noidea #hat to say, and ried? Ah, poor Grabb'When the lord heard that, he ried? OThereI hekno#s itB he must also kno# #ho has themoneyI

At this the serants looked terribly uneasy,and made a si&n to the dotor that they#ished him to step outside .or a moment'When he #ent out, all .our o. them on.essed

to him that they had stolen the money, andsaid that they #ould #illin&ly restore it and&ie him a heay sum into the bar&ain, i. he#ould not denoune them, .or i. he did they#ould be han&ed' They led him to the spot#here the money #as onealed' With this thedotor #as satisEed, and returned to the hall,sat do#n to the table, and said?)y lord, no# #ill End in my book #here the&old is hidden' The E.th serant, ho#eer,rept into the stoe to hear i. the dotor kne#more' (ut the dotor sat still and opened his A( G book, turned the pa&es bak#ards and.or#ards, and looked .or the ok'

As he ould not End it immediately hesaid? kno# you are there, so you had betterome outI Then the .ello# in the stoethou&ht that the dotor meant him, and .ull o.terror, spran& out, ryin&? That man kno#s

eerythin&I Then Dotor no#all sho#ed thelord #here the money #as, but did not say

Gompliation

9esolution


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The term .airy taleori&inally re.ers totraditional .antasystories aboutma&ial people'The term no#also oers .antastitales .rom manysoures, inludin&

.olktales and .ables,#hih do not al#aysinlude ma&i' Theori&inal storiesare o. &reatanti>uity' ndialaims to hae theoldest olletion o.hildrens .antasystories in the #orld,the pre-th entury

)e7ts Structure of Narrative )e7ts

There #as one upon a time a poorpeasant alled Grabb, #ho droe #ith

t#o oen a load o. #ood to the to#n,and sold it to a dotor .or t#o talers'

"Para&raph :$

When they ame to the noblemanFs

astle, the table #as spread, andGrabb #as told to sit do#n and eat'

O5es, but my #i.e, Krete, too,F said he,and he seated himsel. #ith her at the

table' " Para&raph *$

Then Dotor no#all sho#ed thelord #here the money #as, but did

not say #ho had stolen it, andreeied .rom both sides muh

B ,rientation

desribes sene and

introdues thepartiipants o. the

story'

B Complication

be&ins #hen there isa problem

enountered bythe haraters'

B Resolution is thepart in #hih theharaters End theresolution'

#ctivit0 98ead the te7t once more and then choose the bestans(er to the 2uestions3

!e" #ori$on :' What did the peasant alled Grabb sell to the dotorCa' Some.ood' b'

Some #ood' 'Some #ine'

2' Why did Grabb ask .or adie .rom the dotorC

a' 7e .elt ill'

b' 7e #anted to beome a dotor like thedotor' ' 7e #anted to sell his oen to

the dotor'*' Whih did the dotor N/T reommend in

order to beome a dotorCa' Kettin& ne#lothes' b' Puttin&

up a si&n'' Kettin& trainin& as a dotor'

+' Why did the nobleman re>uire GrabbFs helpC

a' 7e .elt ill'

b' 7is peasants had some problems'


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' Somemoney hadbeen stolen.rom him'


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#ctivit0 10

' Who did Grabb insist on brin&in& #ithhimC

a' 7is

#i.e' b' A

.riend'' A serant'

;' What #as the Erst thin& they did at theastleC

a' They sat do#n to disuss the

problem' b' They sat do#n to eat'' They started lookin& .or the thiees


43/335

Purpose o. the

ation?

Phone number o. the or&anier?


44/335

Writing


#rite narratie tetsB #rite a short .untional tet, suh as an adertisement or an announement'

#ctivit0 1 #ns(er the follo(ing 2uestions3

:' 7ae you eer #ritten a story in 1n&lishC

2' What do you kno# about the sta&es o. #ritin&C

*' Do you al#ays &o throu&h the sta&es #hen

you #rite a storyC

#ctivit0 2Here is a stor05 but the paragraphs are not inorder3 9ith 0our partner5 rearrange them into agood stor03

%! Shot

)a#ar ? Thistele&ram is.or myhusband'7es out onduty' Whatdo youreommendme to doC

Putri ? Why dontyou rin& himand tell himthatatele&ramsarriedC

n the dialo&ueaboe, ) a#ar isaskin& .or Putrisa'su&&estionb'permission'a&reementd' uriosity

e' in.ormation

&! 2


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:' A Lo

onesa# a

Gro#

Qy o..#ith apiee

o.hees

e inits

beakand

settleon abranh o. a

tree'

2'HThatF

s .orme,

as am a

Lo,Hsaid

)aster

9eynard,

andhe

#alked up

to the.oot

o. thetree'

*' TheGro#

li.ted

upher

head and be&an to a# her best, but the

moment she opened her mouth the piee o.heese .ell to the &round, only to be snapped

up by )aster Lo'

+' HThat #ill do,H said he' HThat #as all #anted'n ehan&e .or your heese #ill &ie you a

piee o. adie .or the .uture? HDo not trust

Qatterers'H

' HKood day, )istress Gro#,H he ried' H7o#

#ell you are lookin& today? ho# &lossy your.eathersB ho# bri&ht your eyes' .eel sure

your oie must surpass that o. other birds,just as your E&ure doesB let me hear but one

son& .rom you that may &reet you as theueen o. (irds'H


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A narratie tellsabout somethin&that happened inthe past' 5ou #illalso usetime order to #rite anarratie' Si&nal

#ords and timeepressions makethe order o. anarratie lear' Therest o. the sentenesshould tell #hathappened in the

#ctivit0 39riting a narrative5 deals a lot (ith order orse2uence of events3 )here are certain signaling(ords that are fre2uentl0 used to indicate theorder or se2uence of events3 =se the signaling

(ords in the bo7 to complete the te7t belo(3

Englishclub.com

a' Erst

b' Erst o. all

' in the Erst

plae d' to

be&in #ith

e'

seond .'

net

&' then

h'

a.ter#ards i'

later

j' a.ter a .e#

days k' at the

same time l'

immediately

m'

presently n'

no#

o' last o.

all p'

Enally

>' in theend

r' atlast

Text1

)y luk has been bad lately' Lor eample,

last #eek my .ather sent me a hek' lost it' :

, my &randmother &ae me a present' broke

it' 2

Pro.' 5oyo &ae me an eamination'

.ailed it'* , he assi&ned me a speial projet' didnFt understand it' + , Sandy introdued a&ood .riend o. his to me' She didnFt speak 1n&lishI

Text2

6ast summer, Tim attended summer shool'7is .riend Ghrist took a trip' 7o#eer, Ghrist

made Tim some promises' : , she #ouldsend him photo&raphs'2 , she #ould #rite him letters' And *


47/335

, she #ould buy him some souenirs' + ,

she did eerythin& .or him sent him letters,pitures, and postard' , she .or&ot to #rite letters' She .or&ot

send pitures' She .or&ot the postard too' /rshe remembered the postards, but .or&ot tomail them to him' ; , she deided to tell

Tim the truth' She #rote Tim that she had metanother &uy' (ut she didnFt send the letter to

him' She .or&ot'


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#ctivit0 4 Put the stor0 into the correct order3 9ork individuall03

:' /ther people #ho pre.erto beliee in sientiE

eplanation haesu&&ested that eletrial

.ores in the atmosphereaused

this and other inidents'

2' Suddenly, a stran&e li&htseemed to be on top o. the

ar, sukin& it up oJ theroad be.ore droppin& it do#n

a&ain'

*' )ean#hile, a loal lorrydrier .ollo#in& the sameroute as )rs no#les

onErmed that he had alsoseen the stran&e li&ht in the

distane'

+' n a state o. shok, theydroe to the nearest to#n

and reported the inidentto the polie'

' Thinkin& that the #omanmust hae been so tired

that she #as dreamin&, thepolie &ae her a up o.

tea hopin& to alm herdo#n'

;' Linally, the poliea&reed to inspet the ar

and #hen they did, theysa# the dust, smelt the

smell and also notiedsome small dents in the

roo. o. the

ar'


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:0' )rs no#les

and her threesons #ere

driin& .rom

Perth toAdelaide in theearly hours

one mornin& in:=88'


50/335

This is an indiidualprojet' Write youo#n story' @se the.ollo#in& &uidelines'n preparation .ormakin& yournarratie short keepthese simple&uidelines in mind? Whose story it is'

What happens' 7ae a lear

be&innin&, middle,and end'

Where and #hen thestory takes plae'

#ctivit0 5 Stud0 the follo(ing sentences and their e7planations3

Your Project

:' 4efore the t#o mie #ere eatin& up jellies

and akes, they .ound the remains o. a Ene.east' Suddenly they heard &ro#lin& and

barkin&'

2' 8fter &or&in& on an animal a #ol. had killed,suddenly a small bone in the meat stuk in

his throat and he ould not s#allo# it' 7esoon .elt terrible pain in his throat, and he

ran up and do#n &roanin& and &roanin&,lookin& .or somethin& to reliee the pain'

and after are ommonly .ound in anarratie tet and used to epress order o.eent'

Grammar Re&ie"

Before and #fter4efore and after are used i. #e #ant to

epress an order o. eents' We an use the

.ollo#in& .orm'

:' -e*ore F clause 1 S> >, F clause

2 S> > , +*ter F Subor)inate

clause F /ain clause Lor eample?

4efore she attended the lass, she#ould

prepare eerythin&'

8fter hearin& the ne#s she .eltrelieed'

2' -e*ore F noun phrase Fing F

clause 2 S, +*ter F Subor)inate

clause F /ain clause

Lor eample?

4efore #athin& the moie, #e must

buy the tikets'


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:' The lady used

the old

#ashin&

mahine

2' The mehani

tried to oerhaul

the en&ine

*' The eploration

team didresearh

+' The baby &ets .at

' The raer had

a' a.ter

onsumin&

muh milk

b' be.ore joinin&

the rae

' a.ter he notied

its typed' (e.ore di&&in&

the #ell o. oil

e' (e.ore she

bou&ht a ne# one

#ctivit0 6"atch the main clauses in column#(ith thesubordinate clauses in Column B3

Column # Column B

#ctivit0 78e(rite the sentences (ith subordinate clausesinstead of subordinate phrases5 be careful (ith thetense3 Number one has been done for 0ou3

1ample?

:' resna needed to &et a loan be.ore buyin& a ar

9resna needed to get a loan "efore she"ought a car

2' A pilot has to start en&ine be.ore takin& oJ'

*' The man ate muh .ood a.ter #orkin& hard'

+' )r 1.endi al#ays heks the battery be.ore

startin& the ar en&ine

' A.ter hain& lunh, #e #ill &o to the inema'

;' The hildren took a bath be.ore hain& break.ast'


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#ctivit0 8Combine the t(o sentences belo( into one sentenceusing before and after3 If possible use subordinatephrases3

#ctivit0 9

Number one has been done .or you

:' kne# the time #as up'

told the students to ollet the ans#ersheets'

a! 4efore I told the students to hand:in the

anser sheets, I )ne the time as up!

"! 8fter I )ne the time as up, I told the

students to hand:in the anser sheets!

c! 8fter seeing the time as up, I told the

students to hand:in the anser sheets!

2' The bell ran&'

#oke up'

*' Santi doesnFt #ant to take it'

The dotor reommended the mediine'

+' Doni omes to the .ront o. the lass'

The teaher alls him'

' She read the ma&aine and ate bisuits'

She Enished leanin& the house'

9ork in pairs3 9rite a short stor0 b0 follo(ing thestages of (riting belo(3

B Stage 1 =Planning

Disuss the topi #ith your .riend' 5ou an#rite the same topi as your .riendFs'

B Stage 2 =Dra*ting

Write your o#n story based on the topi youhae just disussed #ith your .riend'

B Stage 6 =Revising

S#ap your piee o. #ritin& #ith your .riendand edit eah otherFs sripts'

B Stage 9 = Proo*Hrea)ing

Ghek your spellin& and puntuation' 5ou ando this yoursel. or ask your .riend'

B Stage 5 = Presentation

Write the Enal ersion neatly'


53/335

#ctivit0 10 8ead and stud0 this announcement3

Mighty River Short Story Contest

About the contest:

We're searching for the best short story relating in some way to the Mississippi River, the

River Valley, or a sister River: its lanscape, people, culture, history, current events, or

future!

Semi"finalists will be chosen by a regional team of publishe writers! #he final manuscript

will be chosen by Susan Swartwout, publisher of Southeast Missouri State $niversity %ress!

Winner receives an awar of &(( an publication in )ig Muy: A *ournal of the Mississippi

River Valley!

Winner will be announce +ctober , -((.!

Mail manuscripts to:MRSS Contest

Southeast Missouri State $niversity %ress

MS -/(, +ne $niversity %la0a

Cape 1irareau, M+ /23(

#ctivit0 11#ns(er the 2uestions based on the announcement0ou have :ust read3

#ctivit0 12

:' What is the announement aboutC

2' When #ill the ontest be losedC

*' What must the short stories relate toC

+' Who #ill hoose the semiEnalistsC' Who #ill hoose the EnalistsC

;' What are the pries .or the #innersC


54/335

Chapter Summary

:' 'anguage ?unctions

a' )akin& su&&estion and re>uest

What!7o# about &oin& to the eterinarianC

Would you mind passin& me the salt, pleaseC

b' Kiin& instrution

Glose the #indo#'

2' Genre

Narratie

Soial .untion ? to amuse, entertain and to deal #ith an atual

or iarious eperiene in diJerent #aysB narraties

deal #ith problemati eents #hih lead to a risis or

turnin& point o. some kind, #hih in turn Ends a

resolution'

Keneri struture

- /rientation ? sets the sene and introdues the partiipants

- Gompliation ? a risis arises

- 9esolution ? the risis is resoled, .or better or .or #orse

Learnin Re'ection

+*ter learning the lesson in this chapter> you are expecte) to be ableto=

:' respond to epressions .or &iin& su&&estion, re>uest and instrutionsB

2' make su&&estions, re>uests and instrutionsB

*' per.orm a monolo&ue o. narratie tetB+' read and #rite narratie tetsB

' identi.y an adertisement, poster, and pamphlet'

!ow> answer the @uestions

:' What epressions do you use .or su&&estin&, re>uestin&, and &iin&instrutionsC

2' What do you say i. you #ant to aept and deline a re>uestC

*' What is your .aourite storyC What are the be&innin& and endin& likeC

I* ou In) some )i*Iculties consult our teacher or )iscuss with


55/335

Chapter +

Ho( the 9ater C0cle9orks

In This Chapter

'istening=

6istenin& to blame and ausation epressions

6istenin& to epressions .or admittin& doin&somethin& #ron&

6istenin& to promises and s#earin&

6istenin& to monolo&ues o. eplanation tets

Spea.ing=

(lamin&, ausin& and omplainin&

@sin& epressions .or admittin& doin& somethin& #ron&

)akin& a promise and s#earin&

Per.ormin& monolo&ues o. eplanation tets

Rea)ing=

9eadin& eplanation tets

9eadin& a short .untional tet? piture dia&rams

Writing=

Writin& an eplanation tet

Writin& a short .untional tet? piture dia&rams

2


56/335

2 De#eloping English Competencies or ?rade 8"" o Natural and Social Science Programmes

Listening


listen to blame and ausation epressionB listen to epressions .or admittin& and denyin& somethin&B

listen to promisin& and s#earin&B

listen to monolo&ues o. eplanation tets'

#ctivit0 1

#ctivit0 2

#ns(er the 2uestions o r all0 3

:' . you borro# somethin& and your sisterbreaks it, should you pay .or the repairC

2' Should you apolo&ise .or itC

*' Will you &et an&ry #ith your sisterC

+' 5our .riend blames and auses you o.

somethin& you didnt do' 7o# do yourespondC

4isten to the dialogue from the tape and ans(erthese 2uestions3

#ctivit0 3

:' Whats #ron& #ith

AdiC2' What happened to hisGDC

*' Does 9i.ki admit that it is his .ault atErstC

+' Will he pay .oritC

' Does 9i.ki say sorry.or itC

/ou are going to listen to the same dialogue fromthe tape3 Complete the te7t (hile 0ou are listening3Compare 0our ans(ers (ith 0our friend>s3

Nadia ? WhatFs : , AdiC 5ou donFt look

ery happy'Adi ? Fm not' tFs not 2 ' 6ook

at this' Nadia ? WhatFs thatCAdi ? tFs my .aourite GD' * it to

9i.ki and no# it is broken'Nadia ? WhatC What did he doto itC


57/335

2Ho the Water Cycle Works

di ? 7e didnFt donythin&' 7is sisterFso&

+ it' tFsompletelydestroyed'

adia ? SoC WhatFs the

C 9i.ki an buyyou a ne# GD'


58/335

6iin& in an 1n&lish-speakin& ountry is

a #onder.ulopportunity topratise your 1n&lish,espeial lylistenin& andspeakin&' Lind outho# to make use o.

Englishclub.com

#ctivit0 4

Adi ? ThatFs #hat think, but he says its not his; ' 7e says he #ont pay

.or it' Nadia ? WhatC 7e has to pay .or

it'

Adi ? Well, he #onFt pay .or it' tsnot .air' Nadia ? Gome on, les &o andtalk to him'

Nadia and 8di come to ;if)i!

Nadia ? 7i, 9i.ki' Adi has just told me about hisGD' 9i.ki ? /h, yes' ts


59/335

b' promise' 5oud better keep your promise'

*' a' hae to admit it'b' ts &ood you admitted that'' Apolo&y aepted'


60/335

#ctivit0 6

#ctivit0 7

#ns(er the 2uestions o r all0 3

:' What auses rain.allC

2' Where does the #ater ome .romC

*' Where does it &oC

Stud0 the picture and listen to the te7t from thetape carefull03 )hen5 state (hat the te7t talksabout3

#ctivit0 8

Source?http#$$!ar"oreturn!fullerton!edu!

4isten to the te7t from the tape once again anddecide (hich (ord 0ou hear3

:' #here -#ere

2' lie in -lyin&

*' irle -yle

+' be&an -be&ins

' likes -lakes

;' driers -riers
http://www.arboreturn.fullerton.edu/http://www.arboreturn.fullerton.edu/


61/335


62/335

a

#ctivit0 9

#ctivit0 10

/ou are going to listen to a te7t from the tape3Discuss the ans(ers to these 2uestions3

:' What auses the eaporation o. #ater .romthe oeans, lakes, and riersC

2' What happens to the moistureVladen air as it risesC

*' What .orms as the amount o. #ater apour

&ro#s in the airC+' 7o# is the #ater returned to 1arthC

' What are the .orms o. preipitationC

;' Where does the #ater Qo# bak toC

Decide (hether each statement is true or false3

:' The moon auses the eaporation o. #ater'2' 1aporated #ater &athers in the atmosphere'

*' Glouds are .ormed as the #ater apourbeomes a li>uid as it beomes ooler'

+' 9ain louds .orm as the amount o. #aterapour dereases'

' The #ater is returned to 1arth as rain, hail or sno#'

#ctivit0 11"atch these pictures to the e7planations 0ou hearfrom the tape3

Sun Condensation

Atmosphere

Bain2 Hail2 SnoE#aporation !ranspiration E#aporation

Precipation

"ce

Ur;an Areas

Surace Bun o5elting

$akesinltration

0ceansPercolation

Bun o?round Water

Deep Percolation

Source? http#$$!'u!com!au
http://www.yuw.com.au/http://www.yuw.com.au/


63/335

,

,

,

,

b heat energyradiated into space energy reected

o atmosphere ENEB?1FB05 SUN

etra car;on dioiderom ;urning ossil uels

heat trapped;ygreenhousegases

HEA!

elling o treesthat a;sor;car;on dioide

Source? he *.ford Children


64/335

Source? Science and echnolog'Enc'clopedia, :==8


65/335

#ctivit0 12 4isten to the tape to complete the te7t3

The #ater : is the neer-endin&

moement o. the earthFs #ater' Water &oes.rom 2 to the air, to the land and *

to the oeans a&ain' Lor that reason, its +

is alled a yle'

This yle #hen heat .rom thesun turns oean #ater into ; ' Water

apor is #ater that has beome


66/335

:0' Where does most rain and sno# .allC


67/335

Speaking


use epressions .or blamin& and ausin&B use epressions .or admittin& and denyin& #ron& doin&B

use epressions .or makin& a promise and s#earin&B

per.orm a monolo&ue o. eplanation tet'

#ctivit0 1

#ctivit0 2

#ns(er these 2uestions3

:' 5our teaher &ae you an assi&nment to#rite an essay on a partiular topi' 5ou #ere

too busy to #rite the essay' Then, you opiedan artile .rom a ma&aine' 5our teaher

kne# you didnt #rite the essay by yoursel.'What mi&ht he sayC

2' 7o# did you respond to your teahersausation'

Would you admit that you opied the artileC

*' Would you apolo&ise to your teaherC

Would you re&ret itC7o# #ould you epress the aboeC

8ead and p r actise the follo(ing dialogue3

)r Suherman ? Dadi''' did you #rite this

essayC Dadi ? 5es, Sir'

)r Suherman ? 5ou didnt #rite it, did youC think you opied it .rom a journal

or some#here else'Dadi ? m a.raid that isnt true'

)r Suherman ? 9eallyC e read this artile'ts )r

7artonos essay, isnFt itC

Dadi ? Thats ri&ht, Sir ' hae to

admit do#nloaded it .rom thenternet' re&ret it'

)r Suherman ? ts &ood that you admitted it'


68/335

#ctivit0 3

Dadi ? do apolo&ise, Sir'

)r Suherman ? Apolo&y aepted but you hae

to be punished' 5ou hae to #ritet#o essays on diJerent soial

phenomena'Dadi ? 5es, Sir' honestly re&ret

doin& this shame.ul thin&' promise #onFt do it a&ain'

)r Suherman ? 5oud better keep your promise,or else youll .ail my subjet'

9ork in pairs3 Discuss the ans(ers to the follo(ing2uestions3

#ctivit0 4

:' Did Dadi #rite the essay by himsel.C

2' 7o# does )r Suherman kno# that the essayDadi submitted is someone elses #ritin&C

*' Does Dadi admit that the essay is not his at ErstC

+' 7o# does Dadi tell his teaher that he issorry beause #ron& doin&C

' What does Dadi hae to do as a

punishment .or heatin&C

;' What phrases does )r Suherman use to ause DadiC


69/335

When #e learn ouro#n "natie$lan&ua&e, learnin& tospeak omes be.orelearnin& to #rite' n.at, #e learn tospeak almostautomatially'

Ta.en *rom +icrosoft

!e" #ori$on

)om ? Anton, #as it you that le.t the li&ht in

the bathroom onCAnton ? : '

)om ? 9eallyC Theres no one else in this

house' Anton ? All ri&ht, )om'2

')om ? ts &ood that you admitted it' Dont

#aste eletriity' 5ou play &ames toomuh' 5ou kno# our eletri bill keeps

risin&'Anton ? * '

)om ? Apolo&y aepted but you ou&ht tolean the bathroom' 5ou also ou&ht totidy up your bedroom' t has beome

in.ested #ith mos>uitoes' All ri&htCAnton ? + ' promise ll tidy up my

bedroom eery day'

)om ? and be a &ood boy'

What to Say

Study the .ollo#in& epressions .or blamin&and ausin&, admittin& doin& somethin& #ron&

and makin&a

promise'

)ore Lormal

6ess Lormal

Expressions *or -laming an)+ccusing

5ou are the one to blame'

think youre the only person #ho ould haedone it'

ts your .ault'

ts your .ault .or "doin& somethin&$'

)ore Lormal

6ess Lormal

Expressions *or +)mitting Doing SomethingWrong

admit to "doin& somethin&$'

admit that M'

on.ess to "somethin&$'

)ore Lormal 6ess Lormal


70/335

Expressions *or/a.ing a Promise

promise!s#ear that '

promise you that M' s#ear "to domethin&$'


71/335

#ctivit0 5 4ook at the picture3 )hen5 ans(er the 2uestions3Sun

Condensation

Atmosphere

Bain2 Hail2 SnoE#aporation !ranspiration E#aporation

Precipation

"ce

Ur;an Areas

Surace Bun o

5elting

$akesinltration

0ceansPercolation

Bun o?round Water

Deep Percolation

#ctivit0 6

Source?http?!!!'u!com!au!

:' What makes #ater .rom seas, lakes, riers

and #et soils eaporateC2' What is the term .or the proessC

*' Do plants also release #ater into the atmosphereC

+' What is the term .or the proessC

' Where does the #ater apour &oC

8ead the follo(ing te7t3

"ow the Water Cycle Wor.s

Solar ener&y eaporateseposed #ater .rom seas, lakes,

riers, and #et soilB the majorityo. this eaporation takes plae

oer the seas' Water is alsoreleased into the atmosphere by

the plants throu&hphotosynthesis' Dur in& thisproess, kno#n aseapotranspiration, #ater apour

rises into the atmosphere'Glouds .orm #hen air

beomes saturated #ith #aterapour' The t#o major types o.

loud .ormation are stratiEed orlayered &rey louds alled stratus

and billo#in& #hite or dark &rey

loud alled umulus louds'
http://www.yuw.com.au/http://www.yuw.com.au/http://www.yuw.com.au/http://www.yuw.com.au/http://www.yuw.com.au/http://www.yuw.com.au/


72/335

Preipitation as

rain, or hail ensuresthat #ater returns to

1arthFs sur.ae in a

.resh .orm' Some o.this rain, ho#eer,

.alls into the seas and

is not aessible tohumans' When rain

.alls, it either #ashesdo#n hill slopes or

seeps under&roundB#hen sno# and hail

melts, this #ater mayalso sink into the

&round'9ain .all also

replenishes rier#ater supplies, as

does under&round#ater' Sno# .all may

onsolidate into&laiers and ie

sheets #hih, #henthey melt, release

their #ater into the&round, into stream

or into the seas'Ta.en *rom Geographica0s Poc)et -orld;eference, 200


73/335

#ctivit0 7

#ctivit0 8

9ork in groups of four3 Discuss the ans(ers to these2uestions3

:' Why does the majority o. eaporation take

plae oer seasC2' 7o# do louds .ormC

*' 7o# many major types o. loud .ormation arethereC

+' What types o. louds are assoiated #ithrainy #eatherC

' What #ill brin& ontinuous rainC

;' What makes ertain that #ater returns to1arthFs sur.ae in a .resh .ormC

Stud0 the follo(ing (ords and the phonetic s0mbols3)hen pronounce the (ords3

:' .alls!f :l+ !

2' #ashes !, (+ !*' slopes !l) '+ !+' louds !-la) d+ !' supplies !) 'la !

;' &laiers ! gl./)+ !


74/335

The - s endin& is pronouned diJerently,dependin& on the end o. the #ord'

!! a.ter -h, -sh, -s, -, - endin&s,

eamples?teahes, boes, buses

!s! a.ter oieless "-p, -t, -k, -. et'$

endin&s, eamples? drinks, speaks, hits

!! a.ter oied onsonant "-d, -&, -r,et'$

endin&s, eamples? Qoats, brin&s, .athers


75/335

The onerse o.the 1l Nio eJet isthe 6a Nia eJet,#hih is an

ea&&eration o.normal onditions'This takes plae#hen trade #indsblo# stron&ly andonsistently arossthe PaiE to#ardsAustralia' Thispushes the #arm#aters .rom theentral PaiE, oJ thenorthern Australian

oast, to build upinto a mass that isbi&&er than normal'

3)

#ctivit0 9Categorise the follo(ing (ords according to thesound of the (s ending and then pronounce them3

:' louds ;' photo&raphs

2' riers


76/335

Weaker than normal trade #inds


77/335

Reaing


identi.y the struture o. eplanation tetsB read and study eplanation tetsB

read and identi.y meanin& o. piture dia&rams'

#ctivit0 14ook at the picture3 )hen5 ans(er the 2uestions thatfollo( orall03

Source?http?!!!ucas!edu!

#ctivit0 2

:' Do you think that the enironment ishan&in&C

2' 7o# is ithan&in&C

*' 7o# is it diJerent .rom the enironment o. 0

years a&oC

+' 7ae you eer read an artile aboutaid rainC

' What #as thetitleC


78/335

' emit ::' ehaust

;' droplet :2' toi


79/335

+ci)Rain

Aid rain is rain that is hi&hly aidi beauseo. sulphur oides, nitro&en oides, and other airpollutants dissoled in it' Normal rain is sli&htlyaidi, #ith a p7 o. ;' Aid rain may hae a p7alue as lo# as 2'8'

Aid rain an seerely dama&e both plant andanimal li.e' Gertain lakes, .or eample, hae lostall Esh and plant li.e beause o. aid rain'

Aid rain omes .rom sulphur in oal and oil'When they burn, they make sulphur dioide"S/ $' )ost sulphur leaes .atory himneys asthe &aseous sulphur dioide "S/ $ and mostnitro&en is also emitted as one o. the nitro&enoides "N/ or N/ $, both o. #hih are &ases' The&ases may be dry depositedVabsorbed diretly bythe land, by lakes or by the sur.ae e&etation' .they are in the atmosphere .or any time, the&ases #ill oidise "&ain an oy&en atom$ and &o

into solution as aids' Sulphuri aid "7 S/ $ andthe nitro&en oides #ill beome nitri aid"7N/ $' The aids usually dissole in louddroplets and may trael &reat distanes be.orebein& preipitated as aid rain' Gatalysts suh ashydro&en peroide, oone and ammonium helppromote the .ormation o. aids in louds' )oreammonium "N7 $ an be .ormed #hen some o.the aids are partially neutralised by airborneammonia "N7 $' AidiEation inreases #ith the

number o. atie hydro&en "7$ ions dissoledin aid' 7ydroarbons emitted by .or eample,ar ehausts #ill reat in sunli&ht #ith nitro&enoides to produe oone' Althou&h it isinaluable in the atmosphere, lo# leel ooneauses respiratory problems and also hastensthe .ormation o. aid rain' When aid rain .alls onthe &round it dissoles and liberates heaymetals and aluminium "Al$' When it is #ashedinto lakes, aluminium irritates the outer sur.aeso. many Esh' As aid rain .alls or drains into the

#ctivit0 3 8ead the follo(ing te7t aloud3 Pa0 attention to itspronunciation and punctuation3

KeneralStatemen

t

1planation


80/335

#ctivit0 4

#ctivit0 5

9 ork in pair 3 Discuss the ans(ers to these 2uestions3

:' What is aid rainC

2' What is the p7 o. normal rainC

*' 7o# is sulphur dioide .ormedC

+' What #ill happen to sulphur dioide and

nitro&en dioide i. they enter theatmosphereC

' What substanes reat to .orm nitri aidC

;' What helps promote the .ormation o.

aids in loudsC


81/335

Aid rain is rain that is hi&hly aidi

beause o. sulphur oides, nitro&enoides, and other air pollutants

dissoled in it' Normal rain is sli&htly

aidi, #ith a p7 o. ;' Aid rain mayhae a p7 alue as lo# as 2'8'"Para&raph :$

Aid rain omes .rom sulphur in oaland oil'

When they burn, they make sulphurdioide "S/

2$' . they enter the

atmosphere, the &ases #ill oidise"&ain an oy&en atom$ and &o intosolution as aids' "Para&raph *$

When aid rain .alls on the

&round it dissoles and liberatesheay metals and aluminium "Al$'

B General

Statement p r o i

d e s a &eneral

statement to

position the reader't .ouses on

&eneri, non human

partiipants'

B Explanation

&ies a se>ueneeplainin& o. #hy or

ho# somethin&ours' t is

omprised ma inl y o.material and

relational proess,t e m p or a l , a u sa l i rumstanes


82/335

#ctivit0 6 8ead the follo(ing te7t3

Where Does Rain Come *rom0The #orld is like your

bathroom' The #ater in the

oeans is #arm #hen the sun

shines on it' Some o. this #ater

&oes up into the sky and makes

louds' The #ind arries the

louds .or hundreds o. kilometres'

Then the louds meet old air in

the sky, and #e see drops o.

#ater' The drops o. #ater are rain'

Source?http#$$!ar"oreturn!fullerton!edu$

9ain al#ays omes .romlouds' (ut #here do louds

ome .romC 7o# does all that#ater &et into the skyC

Think about your bathroom'

There is hot #ater in your bath'Steam &oes up .rom the hot#ater' The steam makes small

louds in the bathroom' These#arm louds meet the old #alls

and #indo#s, and then #e seesmall drops

o. #ater on the #alls and#indo#s'

The rain .alls and runs intoriers' 9iers run into oeans'

And the #ater .rom oeansmakes louds and more rain' So

#ater is al#ays moin& .romoeans to louds to rain to riersto oeans' So the rain on your

head #as on other heads be.oreIThe #ater in your &arden #as inother &ardens in other ountries'

+)apte) *rom&unior Comprehension :, :===

#ctivit0 7Decide (hether each of the statements is true orfalse based on the te7t in #ctivit0 ;3

:' 9ain doesnt al#ays omes .rom louds'

2' Steam rises .rom the hot #ater'

*' The #ater in the oeans is #arm

#hen the sun shines on it'

+' Some o. the #ater &oes do#n
http://www.arboreturn.fullerton.edu/http://www.arboreturn.fullerton.edu/


83/335

into the sky and makes louds'

' The rain .alls and runs into riers'

9iers run into oeans'


84/335

#ctivit0 8E7plain ho( the (ater c0cle (orks3


85/335

orth o.


86/335

and aross the AustralianGontinent, preentin& moisttropial air reahin& theontinent' These onditions in

turn result in storms, and in rain.allin& in the eastern PaiE/ean and in South Ameriainstead o. in Australia, PapuaNe# Kuinea, and ndonesia,#hih suJer drou&ht onditions'While the eJet o. 1l Nio aresometimes #eak, at the othertimes they are ery stron&'Durin& a seere 1l Nio period,

etreme drou&ht onditionspreail, as in :=82V8* and :==


87/335

Writing


.ollo# the sta&es o. #ritin& an eplanation tetB #rite an eplanation tet'

#ctivit0 18ead the te7t3 Stud0 the structure of the te7t3 )hen(rite the main ideas of each paragraph3

What Is El

!iJo0

The El !iJo Phenomenon

louds .orm aboe these #arm

#aters,1l Nio is a #arm #ater

urrent #hih moes o.. the #estoast o. Ghile and Peru' Theurrent is belieed to be loselyassoiated #ith irre&ularariations in the &lobal #eathersystem and it oursapproimately eery


88/335

in&in& rain in the summer #et season$' Gooler, nutrient-rih #aters rise tor.ae o.. Southern Ameria "+$,pportin& etensie shoals o. anhoies

n #hih a ast 3shin& industry haseeloped' The #eather oer this oldater re&ion is dry'

1ery *V years a han&e ours in theean-atmosphere interation' The limatittern is resered "($Van eent kno#n asNio' The trade #inds ease, or een

erse diretion "$, durin& 1l Nio ande #arm sur.ae #aters #hih haeulled upH in the West PaiE Qo# bak to

arm the #aters oJ South Ameria by 2VG ";$' This depresses the east thermoline$ and dramatially aJets the limate' n 1l Nio year, drou&ht and bush Eresur oer Australia, #hile Qood aJet

oliia and Peru' The #arm #aters o..outh Ameria suppress up#ellin& o. theld nutrient rih #aters, brin&in& disasterthe Eshin& industry'

Ta.en *rom Philip0s Science and echnolog'

Enc'clopedia, :==8


89/335

#ctivit0 29ork in pairs3 Discuss the te7t 0ou have :ust read3)hen re(rite it in 0our o(n (ords3

#ctivit0 3

The Struture o. the Tet

Keneral StatementWhat is 1l NioC

1planation

7o# does 1l Nio ourC

8ead and stud0 the follo(ing sentences and itse7planation3

a' )ost nitro&en is also emitted as one o. the

nitro&en oides "N/ or N/2$, both o. #hihare &ases'

b' The &ases ma' "e dr' deposited=a"sor"eddiretly by the land, by lakes or by the

sur.ae e&etation'

' )ore ammonium "N7+$ can "e formed

#hen some o. the aids are partiallyneutralised by airborne ammonia "N7

*$

d' 1ery t#o to seen years, ho#eer, thispattern is interrupted by the 1l Nio eent'

When #e say #hat happens to people andthin&sV #hat is done to themV#e o.ten use

passie erb .orms like is emitted, ma' "e dr'deposited, can "e formed and is interrupted'

Grammar Re&ie"

Passive ?oicen a passie lause, #e usually use a

phrase be&innin& #ith "' i. #e #ant to

mention the a&entVthe person or thin& thatdoes the ation, or that auses #hat happens'

Water is also released into the atmosphere

"' plants throu&h photosynthesis'


90/335

simple present

present

ontinuous

simple pastpast

ontinuous

present

pre.et past

per.et

#ill .uture

am!are!is pp

am!are!is bein&

pp #as!#ere pp

#as!#ere bein& pp hae!has been

pp had been pp

#ill be pp

#ill hae been pp

am!are!is &oin& to be

pp

Passive erb?orm

We normally make passie .orms o. a erb by

usin& tenses o. the auiliary be .ollo#ed by

the past partiiple "Ypp$ o. the erb' 7ere is alist o. all the passie .orms o. an ordinary

1n&lish erb, #ith their names'

)enses Patterns

)odal auiliaries "ill, can, should, ought to,must, have

to, ma', and might$ are o.ten used in thepassie'

?orm= mo)al F be F past participle

#ctivit0 4 =se active or passive in an0 appropriate tense for theverbs in parentheses3

:' The Amaon alley is etremely important

to the eolo&y o. the earth' Lorty perent o.the #orlds oy&en "produce$

there'

2' The &ame "in$ by the

other team tomorro#' Theyre a lot betterthan #e are'

*' n my ountry, ertain pries "control$


91/335

by the &oernment, suh as the pries o.

medial supplies' 7o#eer, other pries"determine$ by ho# muh

people are #illin& to pay .or a produt'


92/335

#ctivit0 5

+' 5esterday the #ind ""lo$ my

hat oJ my head' had to hase it do#n thestreet' "ant, not$ to lose it

beause its my .aourite hat and it "cost$

a lot'' The &oernment used to support the shool'

Today it "support$ by priate.unds as #ell as by the tuition the students

pay'

8ead the follo(ing te7t3


93/335

Asairrises,oth

erairmustreplae it#hih,

inturn,alsorises'

This isa

ompleproess'Astheairris

es,itmoesinaspiral,but

i.en

ou&h air enters an area o. Qo# pressure,louds #ill .orm and rain may .all'


94/335

Aid rain is rain,sno#, sleet, or hail thatontains aids' Aidrainharms lakes and riersand kills Esh and other#ater li.e' Sientistsbeliee it dama&es.orests, soil, statues,brid&es and buildin&stoo''

Ta.en *rom +icrosoftEncarta

Premium,

6#ctivit0 9ork in pairs3 4ook at the pictures3 9rite ane7planation te7t based on the diagram3

!e" #ori$on

Source? http?!!!ecgc!ca!

Cloud Formation

Sno Precipitation

Condensing Water Japour

Surace Buno

$akesE#aporation0cean contri;utesa;out


95/335

#ctivit0 7No(5 6nd an e7planation te7t from maga@ines5ne(spaper or enc0clopedia and make a diagram of thete7t3 4ook at and stud0 the follo(ing e7ample3

The Greenhouse EKect

The &reenhouse eJet is a #armin& o. theair around us' t &ets its name .rom the

&reenhouses that people use to &ro# plants'These &reenhouses let in heat .rom sunli&ht

and trap it inside' 1arthFs atmosphereVthelayer o. air that surrounds our planetValso

traps heat'Kreenhouse eJet is raised temperature

at a planetFs sur.ae as result o. heat ener&ybein& trapped by &ases in the atmosphere'Gertain &ases ause the atmosphere to atlike the &lass in a &reenhouse' As a result, the

temperature o. a planetFs sur.ae may behi&her than it other#ise #ould beVon 1arth

about**Z G "=ZL$ hi&her' The main &ases that

produe the &reenhouse eJet on 1arth are

#ater apour and arbon dioide' Sientistssuspet that inreased dishar&e o. arbondioide .rom human atiity "notably motortransport and industry$ is ontributin&

to &lobal#armin&'


96/335

Source? http?!!!ucas!edu !
http://www.ucas.edu/http://www.ucas.edu/http://www.ucas.edu/http://www.ucas.edu/http://www.ucas.edu/http://www.ucas.edu/


97/335

Chapter Summary

:' 'anguage ?unctions

a' (lamin& and Ausin& think youre the only person #ho ould hae

done it' b' Admittin& and Denyin& o. Doin&

Somethin&

admit to do that thin&s, but didnt do it in

purpose' ' )akin& a Promise and S#earin&

promise that didnt do that'

2 Genre

1planation

Soial .untion ? to eplain the proesses inoled in the.ormation or #orkin&s o. natural or soioultural

phenomena'

Keneri struture?

Keneral Statement ? proides a &eneral statement to position thereader'

1planations ? tells a se>uened eplanation o. #hy or ho#somethin&

Learning Re'ection

+*ter learning the lesson in this chapter> you are expecte) to be ableto=

:' respond to epressions .or blamin& and ausin&B

2' respond to epressions .or promisin& and s#earin&B

*' respond to eplanation tetsB+' per.orm a monolo&ue o. eplanation tetB

' read eplanation tetsB

;' #rite an eplanation tetB

answer the @uestions

:' What epressions do you use .or blamin& and ausin&C

2' What do you say i. you #ant to make a promise or s#earC

*' What is the purpose o. eplanation tet' Lind an eplanation tet and

identi.y its struture


98/335


99/335

Chapter ,

4et>s Discuss

Some Issues

In This Chapter

'istening=

6istenin& to uriosity and sho#in& attitudes 6istenin& to epressions .or disussin& possibilities

6istenin& to disussion tets

Spea.ing=

Sayin& you are urious

1pressin& possibilities and sho#in& attitudes

Per.ormin& a monolo&ue o. disussion tets

Rea)ing=

9eadin& disussion tets

9eadin& a short .untional tet? poster and &raph

Writing=

Writin& a disussion tet

Writin& a short .untional tet? si&n or poster

*


100/335

De#eloping English Competencies or ?rade 8"" o Natural and Social Science Programmes

Listening


listen to epressions .or sayin& uriosity and sho#in& attitudesB listen to epressions .or disussin& possibilitiesB

listen to oral disussion tets'

#ctivit0 1

#ctivit0 2

4isten and repeat these e7pressions3 9hen and(here (ould 0ou 6nd these e7pressions1

:' Hd be ery interested to kno# your opinionabout abortion'H

2' HWhat Fd really like to End out are the .atsabout abortion in ndonesia'H

*' H think its possible that our &oernment #illhae a poliy on abortion ases'H

4isten to the dialogue from the tape and ans(er the2uestions3

:' What are Nadia and Adi talkin& aboutC

2' What does Nadia #ant to kno#C

*' What is AdiFs opinion about the issueC

+' What phrase does he use to epress itC

' What does Adi hope .or the &oernmentC

#ctivit0 3/ou are going to listen to the dialogue from the tapeagain3 Complete it (hile 0ou are listening3 Compare0our ans(er (ith 0our friend>s3

Nadia ? : #hat your opinion on

abortion is' Adi ?

2

oppose it'Nadia ? So, is that #hy you oted .or apresident andidate #ho is pro-li.eC

Adi ? 5eah' * the &oernment #ontpass a la# le&alisin& abortion'

Nadia ? (ut heard the 7ouse is disussin& abill to le&alise abortion .or medialreasons'

Adi ? 9eallyC + the la# #onFt be

misused by some irresponsible people'


101/335

6istenin&,speakin&, readin&and #ritin& are themain "maro$ skillsyou need toommuniate inany lan&ua&e'(ein& ery &ood atonly one o..our lan&ua&e skills at!englishclu"!com!

#ctivit0 49ork in pairs3 4isten to the dialogue from the tape3)hen complete the te7t3

Englishclub.com

#ctivit0 5

Source=!moran:mountain!co

Deni ? 7ey, 9andi hae you eer beenmountain limbin&C

9andi ? 5eah' #ent a ouple o. times a .e#years a&o'

Why do you askC :

C

Deni ? 2 on maybe this#eekend' 9andi ? 9eallyC WhereC

With #homCDeni ? With (udiman and 7eriC *

&oin& to

)ountPan&ran&o'

9andi ? 7umh' Well, be are.ulI ts beenrainin& a lot'

5oue neer limbed be.ore, haeyouC

Deni ? No' dont kno# the 3rst thin&

about it'(udiman and 7eri are >uite

eperiened, thou&h, &uess' +

&et to the top sa.ely' A.ter all,

the #eather #ill be better this #eekend'9andi ? Well, ; ' 5et, i. the #eather&ets #orse,

< o. han&in& the planC )aybe

you an &o ampin&'

Deni ? 7mm'8

'
http://www.englishclub.com/http://www.englishclub.com/http://www.moran-mountain.co/http://www.moran-mountain.co/http://www.englishclub.com/http://www.englishclub.com/http://www.moran-mountain.co/


102/335

/ou aregoing tolisten tot(o short

dialoguesfrom thetape3 )akenotesabout theresponsesto thee7pressions 0ouhear3

)henpractisethem (ith0ourfriends3


103/335

#ctivit0 6

Source? Cloning# 5rontiers of GeneticEngineering, :===

#ns(er these 2uestions based on 0our o(nkno(ledge3

Sometimes sientists han&e plants in the

laboratory' These han&es make them &ro#diJerently .rom normal plants' We all these

plants &enetially modiEed .ood'

:' What do you kno# about &enetien&ineerin&C

2' Does it hae anyadanta&esC

*' Do you like the idea o. eatin& .oods that

hae been &enetially modiEedC

+' Are you a proponent or an opponent o.

&eneti en&ineerin&C

#ctivit0 79ork in pairs3 /ou are going to listen to a te7t fromthe tape about genetic engineering3 )hen 6ll it out(ith the paragraphs containing the information3

Information Paragraph


104/335

:' Keneti en&ineerin& has important uses, butmany people are #orried by it'

2' Lood distribution is the bi&&est problem'

*' The eJets o. trans&eni plants on theenironment are bein& inesti&ated'

+' The use o. reombinant tehnolo&y outside o.seure laboratory enironments arries

unaeptable risks .or the .uture'

' Gertain types o. &enetially en&ineeredrops #ill .urther redue biodiersity in the

ropland'

;' There is hope that &olden rie may alleiate

itaminA deEieny'


105/335

ssue

Ar&ument Lor

Ar&ument A&ainst

Gonlusion

#ctivit0 84isten to the te7t from the tape again and take notesof some information based on (hat 0ou hear on thefollo(ing table3

Information

#ctivit0 94isten to the radio ad3


106/335

+)apte) *rom !greenpeace!org!u)>5oodatch, 200:
http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/


107/335

Speaking


epress uriosity and sho#in& attitudesB use the epressions .or disussin& possibilitiesB

retell a disussion tet'

#ctivit0 1

#ctivit0 2

#ns(er these 2uestions o r all0 3

:' Do you hae a mobile phoneC s it use.ulC

2' Do you think that sometimes your mobilephone is annoyin&C WhenC

*' What an you say to epress your uriosityabout the disadanta&es o. mobile phonesC

+' What an you say i. you think that mobile

phones are ery use.ul and you #ant to sho#your opinion'

' 5ou think that mobile phones #ill not eistsomeday

in the .uture' What an you say to

epress the possibilitiesC

9ork in pairs3 8ead and practise the dialogue aloud3Pa0 attention to the italicised e7pressions3

Dani ? I


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K) rops are eryepensie todeelopBonse>uently, theindustry has.oused on hi&holume rops,suh as soybeans,

orn, otton, andanola' Klobally 0perent o. allsoybeans and 20perent o. all otton isK)' nthe @nited States,almost all soybeans"=0 perent$ and orn"


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#ctivit0 4No(5 make some short dialogues using thee7pressions of curiosit05 sho(ing attitudes ande7pressing possibilit0 and their responses3

?or

example=A ? #ish kne# ho# to operate the

pro&ramme on this ne# mobile phone'

( ? Why dont you End it on the #eb' thinktheres a

possibility you an do#nload thepro&ramme'

What to Say

)oreLormal

6essLormal

Saying $ou +re Curious

What Fd really like to End out is ''''

Fd be ery interested to kno# ''''

Fe been meanin& to ask you'

Fd like to kno# ''''

#ish kne# ''''

Fd loe to kno# ''''

WhatFs on your mindC #onder '''C

Expressions *or Discussing Possibilities

)oreLormal

6essLormal

Would there be any possibility o. MC

Do you think #e are apable o. MC

Would it be possible .or "somebody$ to MC

think that #ould be possible '''' s it possible to MC

5es, there is a possibility ''''

)oreLormal 6ess Lormal


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Expressions *orGiving ,pinion

d just like to say M'

Lrom my point o. ie#,

As .ar as m onerned

Well, must say M'

think M'

beliee M'

.eel M'


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#ctivit0 59ork in groups of three3 Create a dialogue onanother controversial issue3 #ct it out in front of theclass3

#ctivit0 6

#ctivit0 7

Examples o* the Issue=

Abortion

(irth Gontrol

Alternatie )ediines

Animal 1perimentation

Glonin&

9eality TU Sho#s

@se the phrases you hae studied in Atiity * .or

sayin& you are urious'

#ns(er the follo(ing 2uestions o r all0 3

:' Do you think that the pratie o. apitalpunishment is ontroersialC

2' s it an eJetie punishment that deters rimeC

*' s it inhumanC

+' Do you a&ree i. the &oernment abolishes the

death penaltyC' s the death penalty harder than a li.e senteneC

9ork in groups and make a discussion based on theissue of capital punishment3

Lirst, the speaker introdues the topi?

Today, Fm &oin& to talk about the pros and

ons o. the death apital punishment'There may be more than one idea about eah

topi' The phrases belo# introdue ne# ideasabout eah topi'

/ne "idea$ '''

Another "idea$ '''

The third "idea$ '''

The Enal "idea$ ''' The most important "idea$ '''


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#ctivit0 8 8ead the te7t aloud3

/obile Phones= Goo) or -a)0

Source? Pilar +aga?ine,200:

1ery#here you &o no#adays,you see people usin& mobile

phones' Lrom shool hildren tothe people, you see them talkin&

in the supermarket, on trains, inthe street, eery#hereI

So #hat are the adanta&eso. mobile phonesC

Lirst o. all, they are eryonenient beause you an

phone .rom nearly any#here'Another adanta&e is that they

are really use.ul in emer&eny

situations'

Lor eample, i. you are alonein your ar and it breaks do#n,

you an &et help >uikly' naddition, you an also use your

mobile to tet your .riends oronnet to the Net'

7o#eer, there aredisadanta&es suh as the ost'

)obile phone alls ost more thannormal alls' Lurthermore, it an

be annoyin& i. you are on a trainor a bus and you hae to listen tosomeone elses borin&onersation' Linally, people an

ontat you any#here, at anytime, unless you s#ith your

phone oJI

n onlusion, there areboth adanta&es anddisadanta&es ' Personally,

.eel mobile phones are a &oodthin& beause they &ie us more.reedom and makeommuniation easier'

Ta.en *rom %anguage to Go,2002

#ctivit0 9


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' s#ith oJ


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#ctivit0 108ead the te7t in #ctivit0 A again3 )hen 6ll in thefollo(ing table3

)opic

Adanta&es ? :'

2'

*'

Disadanta&es?

:'

2'

*'

Gonlusion ?

#ctivit0 11

#ctivit0 12

8etell the te7t in #ctiv it0 A b0 using 0our o(n (ords3

5ou an start your monolo&ue #ith the.ollo#in&?

Well, today m &oin& to talk about mobilephones' No#adays, eery#here you &o, you see

people usin& mobile phones' (ut is it &ood orbadC /. ourse there are adanta&es and

disadanta&es o. mobile phones M'

4ook at the follo(ing signs and ans(er the 2uestions3

Source!s.c!hu Source !static@ic)r!com

:' What do the noties meanC

2' Where do you usually End suh notiesC
http://www.sxc.hu/http://www.sxc.hu/http://www.static/http://www.sxc.hu/http://www.static/


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:' abortion

2' ontroersial

*' irumstane

+' unborn

' opponent

;' onseratie


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5ou #ill usuallyenounter ne##ords #hen youread' . there are toomany ne# #ords .oryou, thenthe leel is toohi&h and youshould readsomethin& simpler'

Pronounce these wor)s a*ter your teacher:' abortion &) b r n&

2' opponent &) 'o n)nt&

*' proponent &'r) 'o n)nt&

+' pre&nany & 'r gn)ni&

' ontroersial &- ntr) *)r &

;' irresponsible & r ' n)b &


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#ctivit0 4 8ead the follo(ing te7t aloud3

+bortion= + Controversial Issue

Source? Sociolog' in *ur imes,200:

Lor years, abortion has beenan etremely ontroersial

subjet' /ne important aspet o.the ontroersy is #hether a

#oman should be permitted byla# to hae an abortion and, i. so,

under #hat irumstanes'Another is #hether, and to #hatetent la#s should protet theunborn' People #ho #ish to

le&ally limit or .orbid abortionsdesribe themseles as proVli.e'

Those #ho beliee that a #omanshould hae the ri&ht to hae an

abortion may re.er to themseles

as proVhoie'Ar&uments a&ainst abortion

are based on the belie. that anabortion is the unjustiEed killin&o. an unborn hild' )ost people

#ho oppose abortion beliee thathuman li.e be&ins #hen a sperm

.ertilises an e&&' Anotherar&ument a&ainst abortion is that

la#s

allo#in& it on demand #ill

inrease irresponsiblepre&nanies and lead to

disrespet .or human li.e' The9oman Gatholi Ghurh is ahie. opponent o. abortion'Gonseratie branhes o. other

reli&ions also oppose abortion')any people approe o.

abortion under ertainirumstane' Some approe o.

abortion i. a #omanFs li.e orhealth is endan&ered by her

pre&nany' /thers reommendabortion #hen there is dan&erthat the hild #ill be born #ith aserious mental or physial de.et'

They also approe o. abortion#hen pre&nany has resulted .rom

rape or inest')any people #ho think that

a #oman should hae the ri&ht tohoose to hae an abortion

distin&uish bet#een human li.eand personhood' They ar&uethat personhood implies both the

apaity .or sel.-onsiousthou&ht and aeptane as amember o. a soial ommunity'

These people beliee a .etus is nota person and is thus not entitled

to ri&hts normally &ien to aperson' Suh proVhoie

supporters a&ree #ith the ie#that birth represents the

be&innin& o. personhood'


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5ou #ill #ork inpairs' 5ou and yourpartner make adialo&ue thatdisuss aontroersial issue'Sometimes you #illhae to be .or theissue andsometimes you #illhae to be a&ainstthe issue' @se the

Another proVhoie ar&umentis that le&alisin& abortions has

eliminated many ille&al abortionsper.ormed by unskilled

pratitioners under unsanitaryonditions' These abortions o.ten

ause deaths and permanentreprodutie injuries' Abortion

on demand also preents manyun#anted births and may thus bea .ator in lo#erin& in.ant andhild abuse, ne&let, and death

rates' Also some ar&ue that

#omen should not hae to bearun#anted hildren in a #orld#ith a &ro#in& population and

Kelas XII SMA Bahasa Inggris

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