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Jean PiagetsSTAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTLauron, Jahzeel Shayne H.Braa, Gladie MaryStage 1Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years)Children start out in the sensorimotor stage, which lasts until theyre roughly 2. They have no sense of themselves as individuals, obviously, and wouldnt recognize their hand as theirs. They arent afraid of heights or touching something hot because they cant grasp the idea of falling or something being hotthose ideas are too abstract.

Substages of Sensorimotor StageReflexes (0 to 1 month)During this substage, the child understands the environment purely through inborn reflexes such as sucking and looking.

Substages of Sensorimotor StageSchemes (1-4 months)This substage involves coordinating sensation and new schemas. For example, a child may such his or her thumb by accident and then later intentionally repeat the action. These actions are repeated because the infant finds them pleasurable.

Substages of Sensorimotor StageProcedure (4-8 months)During this substage, the child becomes more focused on the world and begins to intentionally repeat an action in order to trigger a response in the environment. For example, a child will purposefully pick up a toy in order to put it in his or her mouth.

Substages of Sensorimotor StageIntentional Behavior (8 to 12 months)During this substage, the child starts to show clearly intentional actions. The child may also combine schemas in order to achieve a desired effect. Children begin exploring the environment around them and will often imitate the observed behavior of others. The understanding of objects also begins during this time and children begin to recognize certain objects as having specific qualities. For example, a child might realize that a rattle will make a sound when shaken.

Substages of Sensorimotor StageExperimentation (12-18 months)Children begin a period of trial-and-error experimentation during the fifth substage. For example, a child may try out different sounds or actions as a way of getting attention from a caregiver.

Substages of Sensorimotor StageRepresentation (18 to 24 months)Children begin to develop symbols to represent events or objects in the world in the final sensorimotor substage. During this time, children begin to move towards understanding the world through mental operations rather than purely through actions.

Stage 2Preoperational Stage (2-6 years)In the preoperational stage (Piaget said it lasted from around age 2 until about 7), kids start being able to grasp symbols. For instance, they can draw a series of squares with a triangle on top to represent a house:

They also start to learn the alphabet, which is, of course, the set of symbols we use to read and write.On the other hand, they dont understand abstract concepts like amounts, speed, or weight. In one of Piagets most famous experiments, he showed that children at this stage cant comprehend that if you pour liquid from a short, wide glass into a tall, narrow glass, its still the same amount:

Stage 3Concrete Operational (6-12 years)By the concrete operational stage (roughly 7-12 years old) kids comprehend ideas like weight, amount, and speed, and can understand that the amount of liquid in the two glasses is the same:

They can also understand causal relationships, though not necessarily explain the reasoning behind them. Here, the younger kid says what would happen if you hit a glass with a feather based on what he knows about feathers, whereas the older child reasons from the previous statement and answers according to the logic proposed (despite it being obviously inaccurate):Stage 4Formal Operational (12 years and over)Finally, Piaget said that in the formal operational stage (after about age 12) kids can understand abstract concepts and reason logically. If you ask them what justice means, they can explain it. The girl in the last video, who reasoned from the previous statement (which had been presented as true), illustrates formal operational thinking.

Source: http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2009/09/15/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-experiments-with-kids/