InternetworkingInternetworking

Prof. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhDProf. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhDDirektur Komunikasi & Sistem Informasi IPB

Bogor, 14 Mei 2009

What is What is Internetworking?Internetworking?

• InternetworkingInternetworking : suatu bentuk : suatu bentuk hubungan, kerjasama atau kemitraan hubungan, kerjasama atau kemitraan yang mendayagunakan TI (teknologi yang mendayagunakan TI (teknologi informasi) berbasis jaringan (internet, informasi) berbasis jaringan (internet, intranet, ekstranet)intranet, ekstranet)

• TrendTrend: menuju pada : menuju pada Internetworked Internetworked Enterprises (B-to-B, B-to-C, G-to-G, G-Enterprises (B-to-B, B-to-C, G-to-G, G-to-B, G-to-C)to-B, G-to-C)

Globalization

Technology

Efficient

Global

Markets

Global Business

Operation and Alliances

The Networked

Global Corporation

Drives of Change

Competitive Environment

Competitive Response Implementatio

n

How Information Technology How Information Technology Support The Globalization of Support The Globalization of

Business?Business?

Shift of Paradigm in Business: Shift of Paradigm in Business: Towards Electronic Data Towards Electronic Data

Interchange (EDI)Interchange (EDI)

E-Mail

LAN/WAN

Video Conference

Fax Voice mail

Pagers

Cable-Television

Phone/Celullar

Merging of Computing & Communications

Businesses’ TrendBusinesses’ Trend

• Becoming internetworked enterprises Becoming internetworked enterprises

• Supported by computer networks to Supported by computer networks to allow fast & accurate data exchange allow fast & accurate data exchange and expansion of business scale with and expansion of business scale with better coordination, and cooperationbetter coordination, and cooperation

• Widely distributed enterprises Widely distributed enterprises connected via MAN, WAN, LANconnected via MAN, WAN, LAN

Business TelecommunicationsBusiness Telecommunications

TelecommunicationsTelecommunications: : sending of information sending of information (voice, data, text, and images) from place to (voice, data, text, and images) from place to another.another.

Telecommunications NetworksTelecommunications Networkssupported by

Electronic Electronic Commerce Commerce

SystemsSystems

Enterprise Enterprise Collaboration Collaboration

SystemsSystems

Internal Internal Business Business SystemsSystems

include

Electronic Collaboration Electronic Collaboration SystemsSystems

• E-MailE-Mail

• Voice MailVoice Mail

• Discussions ForumsDiscussions Forums

• Data ConferencingData Conferencing

• Voice ConferencingVoice Conferencing

• Video ConferencingVideo Conferencing

• Electronic MeetingElectronic Meeting

Electronic Commerce SystemsElectronic Commerce Systems

• On-Line POS (Point of Sale)On-Line POS (Point of Sale)

• Web Retailing & WholesalingWeb Retailing & Wholesaling

• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)

• E-Funds TransferE-Funds Transfer

• E-BankingE-Banking

• Interactive MarketingInteractive Marketing

• Supply Chain ManagementSupply Chain Management

Internal Business SystemsInternal Business Systems

• Internal Transaction ProcessingInternal Transaction Processing

• Inquiry ProcessingInquiry Processing

• Intranet Web PublishingIntranet Web Publishing

• Workflow SystemsWorkflow Systems

• Activity MonitoringActivity Monitoring

• Process ControlProcess Control

• Management Support SystemsManagement Support Systems

Trend of Telecommunication Technology

Toward the use of the Toward the use of the InternetInternet and other open and other open and and interconnected local & global digital interconnected local & global digital

networksnetworks for for multimediamultimedia with heavy use of with heavy use of high speed high speed fiber opticfiber optic lines and lines and satellitesatellite channels to form a global channels to form a global information information

superhighwaysuperhighway system system.

Information SuperhighwayInformation Superhighway

An advanced high speed Internet-like An advanced high speed Internet-like network that connects individual network that connects individual

households, businesses, government households, businesses, government agencies, libraries, schools, universities, agencies, libraries, schools, universities, and other institutions with interactive and other institutions with interactive

voice, video, data and multimedia voice, video, data and multimedia communications.communications.

ISDN (Integrated Services ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)Digital Network)

A network that provides integrated A network that provides integrated services of data exchange in various services of data exchange in various

forms: voice, video, data, images, and forms: voice, video, data, images, and multimedia communications.multimedia communications.

Business Value of Business Value of InternetworkingInternetworking

• Overcome geographic barriersOvercome geographic barriers

• Overcome time barriersOvercome time barriers

• Overcome cost barriersOvercome cost barriers

• Overcome structural barriersOvercome structural barriers

Internet, Intranet, Extranet

Layered System View

Intranet

Extranet

Internet

Corporate members

Clients, partners, customers

Global society: competitors

What is Internet?

• a worldwide system of computer networks

• a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide

• use a set of protocols called Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

What is Intranet?

• Networks connecting an affiliated set of clients

• Using standard Internet Protocols, especially TCP/IP and HTTP, and some FTP

• IP-based network of nodes behind a set of firewalls

• part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company

• securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses

What is Extranet?

How Does Intranet Work?

• Via LAN (Local Area Network)

• Via WAN (Wide Area Network)

• Via MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

which rely on ISDN (Integrated Services of Digital Network)

Establish an internal network

When TCP/IP protocols are set up, web servers & browsers can be installed to give access to the Intranet.

FASILITAS INTERNET• E-mail: person-to-person messaging• Telnet: logon on into a remote computer (remote login)• Chatting: interactive conversations• WWW (World Wide Web): retrieve, format, & display

information (text, audio, graphics, video) using hypertext links

• BBS (Bulletin Board System): discussion groups• Archive: search database of documents, software• WAIS: Locate files in databases using keywords

What Tools are in Intranet?

• A decision-making tool

• A complete communication tool

• An expert’s tool

• A customer tool

• A human resource tool

Benefits of Intranet

• Cost-effective communication in corporate• Fostering actual/real interaction of knowledge• Providing more flexibility in human’s abilities

to do jobs• Promoting secure system of access &

interaction• Becoming corporate communication tools

Corporate can use Extranet for• Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange

(EDI) or XML • Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or those "in the

trade" • Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts • Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies • Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of

other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks

Share news of common interest exclusively with partner companies

Security for Intra- & Extra-net

• require firewall server management, the issuance and use of digital certificates or similar means of user authentication, encryption of messages, and the use of virtual private networks (VPN) that tunnel through the public network.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• an information industry term for methodologies, software, and usually Internet capabilities that help an enterprise manage customer relationships in an organized and efficient manner

• an enterprise builds a database that describes

relationships in sufficient detail so that management, salespeople, and customer service reps can access information; match customer needs with product plans and offerings; remind customers of service requirements; know what other products a customer had purchased; etc.

Supply chain management (SCM)

• the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer

• involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies

• ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed)

• Related to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

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Internetworking for Strategic Advantage

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Fundamentals of Strategic Advantage

• An enterprise must survive in the globally competitive era

• Internetworking can change the way businesses compete

• Internetworking is designed & implemented as vital competitive networks that help an enterprise achieve its strategic objectives

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Information Systems as a Strategic Resource

Competitive Marketplace

Company AInternallyStrategic

Company B

Inter-FirmStrategic

Focus“Alliance”

Externally Strategic

Chapter 2 Competing with Information Technology 30

Competitive Forces and Strategies

Competitive Forces

• Rivalry of competitors within its industry

• Threats of new entrants,

• Threats of substitutes,

• The bargaining power of customers, and

• The bargaining power of suppliers

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Competitive Strategies

• Cost Leadership Strategy • Differentiation Strategy• Innovation Strategy • Growth Strategies • Alliance Strategies

Cost Leadership Strategy

• Become a low cost producer of products and services

• Find ways to help suppliers or customers reduce their costs

• Increase the costs of competitors.

Differentiation Strategy

• Develop ways to differentiate products and services from competitors.

• Reduce the differentiation advantages of competitors.

Innovation Strategy

• Develop new products & services

• Enter new markets or marketing segments

• Establish new business alliances

• Find new ways of producing products/services

• Find new ways of distributing products/services

Growth Strategies

• Significantly expand the company’s capacity to produce goods and services

• Expand into global markets

• Diversify into new products and services

• Integrate into related products and services.

Alliance Strategies

• Establish new business linkages and alliances with customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants and other companies (mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, forming virtual companies, etc.).

Using the Inter-, Intra-, Extra-net Strategically

• Cost and Efficiency Improvements • Performance Improvement in Business

Effectiveness • Global Market Penetration• Product and Service Transformation • System Security

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Internetworking in Global Management

Towards a Global Company

Geographic Concept Business Concept

Centralization/Decentralization Any Place

Mechanistic Holistic

Isolationism Low Boundaries

Not Invented Here Network of Trust

Geographic Presence Cultural Fit

Central Controllers Core Connectors

Replication of Resources Economic of Scales

Stove Pipe Connection Great Network Communications

Short Term View Long Term View

Today Global

Business Drivers for Global IT

• Global customer

• Global products

• Global operations

• Global resources

• Global collaboration

Global IT Platforms

• Internet or Internet-Like• High computing systems• Cyber & International Laws • Information/Data Encryption & Decryption • Open Systems• GDSS