Model Galian

Model 3D galian

Elastic Settlement Contour

Consolidation Settlement Contour

Tampak atas galian dan raft fouundation

Differential SettlementDifferential settlement adalah adalah kondisi penurunan tanah yang tidak seragam yagn disebabkan beban struktur. Pada umumnya, bila besarnyapenurunan tanah relatif sama, maka tidak akan muncul masalah seperti kerusakan struktur. Settlementatau deformasi volume tanah, dapat disebabkan oleh beban statik dirumuskan dalam persamaan berikut. Pada tanah jenuh, segera setelah proses pembebanan, material tanah akan terkompresi mengakibatkan terjadinyaimmediate settlement. Bagian ini seringkali diformulasikan dengan pendekatan elastik (meskipun tanah bukan material elastik).Untuk tanah lempung, saat tanah dibebani maka tegangan air pori tanah akan naik, namun seiring berjalannya waktu tegangan air pori ini akan turunsecara gradual. Penurunan tegangan air pori akan dibarengi keluarnya air dari kerangka solid tanah, menyebabkan pengurangan volume tanah. Proses ini bisa berlangsung bulanan atau tahunan tergantung karakter tanah dan dikenal sebagaiconsolidation settlement.Terakhir, tanah juga akan mengalami reorganisasi/kompresi (deformasi) akibat pembebanan statik dalam jangka waktu panjang. Fenomena ini dikenal dengancreep, yang diklasifikasikan sebagaisecondary settlementPerbedaan penurunan tanah yang terjadi pada struktur tidak boleh melebihi batas izin sebesar berdasarkan peraturan tim TPKB. Perbedaan penurunan tanah dihitung berdasarkan tangen sudut antara dua titik dengan membandingkan perbedaan jarak penurunan vertikal dengan beda jarak antara dua titik penurunan yang ditinjau seperti pada persamaan berikut.

Pada proyek menara selaras tidak diperhitungkan secondary settlement karena dianggap memiliki pengaruh yang kecil pada penurunan total tanah akibat beban struktur.Consolidation SettlementBACD

Gambar X.Y Grafik potongan pola penurunan konsolidasi

Potongan Horizontal APotongan Vertikal B

Distance (m)Consolidation Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300Distance (m)Consolidation Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300

05.83321-0.00044OK06.7448-0.00048OK

2.812655.71082-0.00032OK4.41936.53073-0.00035OK

5.62535.62047-0.00019OK8.83866.37576-0.00025OK

8.437955.56639-6E-05OK13.25796.26577-0.00016OK

11.25065.54966.5E-05OK17.67726.19698-9.2E-05OK

14.06335.567880.000173OK22.09656.15631-7.4E-05OK

16.87595.616480.000259OK26.51586.12359-0.00011OK

19.68855.689310.000323OK30.93516.07628-0.00018OK

22.50125.780130.000367OK35.35445.99576-0.00028OK

25.31395.883440.000396OK39.77375.8719-0.00038OK

28.12655.994860.000414OK44.1935.70506-0.00045OK

30.93926.111170.000423OK48.61235.50599-0.00048OK

33.75186.230140.000427OK53.03165.29355-0.00046OK

36.56456.350230.000427OK57.45095.09056-0.00038OK

39.37716.470420.000425OK61.87024.92063-0.00026OK

42.18986.589960.000421OK66.28954.80782-7.3E-05OK

45.00246.70830.000415OK70.70884.775650.00015OK

47.8156.825020.000466OK75.12814.841810.000383OK

50.62776.955970.000469OK79.54745.01110.00059OK

53.44047.087980.00046OK83.96675.271750.000737OK

56.2537.2173288.3865.59765

Potongan Vertikal CPotongan Horizontal D

Distance (m)Consolidation Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300Distance (m)Consolidation Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300

05.57519-0.00072OK07.1416-0.00037OK

2.634655.38553-0.00066OK4.41936.97914-0.00029OK

5.26935.21259-0.00057OK8.83866.85176-0.0002OK

7.903955.0617-0.00047OK13.25796.76362-0.00012OK

10.53864.93695-0.00036OK17.67726.71044-5.4E-05OK

13.17334.84089-0.00025OK22.09656.68661-3.8E-05OK

15.80794.77446-0.00014OK26.51586.66999-8E-05OK

18.44264.73724-3.6E-05OK30.93516.63467-0.00016OK

21.07724.727876.31E-05OK35.35446.56267-0.00027OK

23.71194.744490.000154OK39.77376.44426-0.00037OK

26.34654.785130.000238OK44.1936.2801-0.00045OK

28.98124.847960.000317OK48.61236.08109-0.00049OK

31.61584.931430.00039OK53.03165.86592-0.00047OK

34.25055.034210.000459OK57.45095.65662-0.00041OK

36.88515.155110.000523OK61.87025.47534-0.0003OK

39.51985.29290.000582OK66.28955.34429-0.00013OK

42.15445.446120.000633OK70.70885.285296.78E-05OK

44.78915.61290.000675OK75.12815.315260.000282OK

47.42375.790790.000706OK79.54745.439750.000475OK

50.05845.976790.000723OK83.96675.649480.000617OK

52.6936.167488.3865.92202

Immediate Settlement

BDAC

Gambar X.Y Grafik potongan pola penurunan elastik

Potongan Horizontal APotongan Vertikal B

Distance (m)Immediate Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300Distance (m)Immediate Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300

015.23160.000488OK016.6060.000301OK

2.8126515.36890.000882OK4.419316.73880.000676OK

5.625315.6170.001283OK8.838617.03740.001034OK

8.4379515.97780.001649OK13.257917.49450.001206OK

11.250616.44150.001941OK17.677218.02730.001128OK

14.063316.98750.001961OK22.096518.52560.000992OK

16.875917.5390.001915OK26.515818.96380.000653OK

19.688518.07750.001845OK30.935119.25240.000148OK

22.501218.59650.001711OK35.354419.3176-0.00045OK

25.313919.07770.001523OK39.773719.1192-0.00103OK

28.126519.5060.001301OK44.19318.6646-0.0015OK

30.939219.87190.001047OK48.612317.9995-0.00184OK

33.751820.16640.000791OK53.031617.186-0.00212OK

36.564520.38880.000528OK57.450916.2472-0.00202OK

39.377120.53720.000268OK61.870215.3551-0.00173OK

42.189820.61252.52E-05OK66.289514.592-0.00132OK

45.002420.6196-0.0002OK70.708814.0094-0.00083OK

47.81520.5634-0.00039OK75.128113.6422-0.00031OK

50.627720.4526-0.00055OK79.547413.50530.000192OK

53.440420.2982-0.00066OK83.966713.59010.000617OK

56.25320.112988.38613.8626

Potongan Vertikal CPotongan Horizontal D

Distance (m)Immediate Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300Distance (m)Immediate Settlement (cm)tan Cek 1/300

013.7978-0.0007OK017.54820.000635OK

2.6346513.6133-0.00049OK4.419317.82880.000896OK

5.269313.4833-0.00026OK8.838618.22460.001047OK

7.9039513.4141-2.4E-05OK13.257918.68740.001212OK

10.538613.40770.000201OK17.677219.22310.001247OK

13.173313.46070.0004OK22.096519.77410.001091OK

15.807913.56620.000562OK26.515820.25620.000724OK

18.442613.71440.000682OK30.935120.57610.000182OK

21.077213.89420.000762OK35.354420.6566-0.00045OK

23.711914.09490.000805OK39.773720.4592-0.00106OK

26.346514.3070.000821OK44.19319.9899-0.00155OK

28.981214.52320.000816OK48.612319.3042-0.00187OK

31.615814.73810.0008OK53.031618.4796-0.00202OK

34.250514.94880.00078OK57.450917.5861-0.00222OK

36.885115.15430.000763OK61.870216.6051-0.00198OK

39.519815.35520.000752OK66.289515.7293-0.00158OK

42.154415.55320.000747OK70.708815.0315-0.00109OK

44.789115.750.000749OK75.128114.552-0.00055OK

47.423715.94720.000751OK79.547414.3084-3.7E-05OK

50.058416.14510.000749OK83.966714.29210.000398OK

52.69316.342588.38614.4678

TOTAL SETTLEMENTPotongan Horizontal APotongan Vertikal B

Distance (m)Total Settlement (cm)tan cekDistance (m)Total Settlement (cm)tan cek

021.064815.3E-05OK023.3508-0.00018OK

2.8126521.079720.000561OK4.419323.269530.000325OK

5.625321.237470.001091OK8.838623.413160.000785OK

8.4379521.544190.001589OK13.257923.760270.00105OK

11.250621.99110.002006OK17.677224.224280.001036OK

14.063322.555380.002134OK22.096524.681910.000918OK

16.875923.155480.002174OK26.515825.087390.000546OK

19.688523.766810.002168OK30.935125.32868-3.5E-05OK

22.501224.376630.002078OK35.354425.31336-0.00073OK

25.313924.961140.001919OK39.773724.9911-0.00141OK

28.126525.500860.001714OK44.19324.36966-0.00196OK

30.939225.983070.00147OK48.612323.50549-0.00232OK

33.751826.396540.001218OK53.031622.47955-0.00258OK

36.564526.739030.000955OK57.450921.33776-0.0024OK

39.377127.007620.000693OK61.870220.27573-0.00198OK

42.189827.202460.000446OK66.289519.39982-0.00139OK

45.002427.32790.000215OK70.708818.78505-0.00068OK

47.81527.388427.16E-05OK75.128118.484017.33E-05OK

50.627727.40857-8E-05OK79.547418.51640.000782OK

53.440427.38618-0.0002OK83.966718.861850.001354OK

56.25327.3302288.38619.46025

Potongan Vertikal CPotongan Horizontal D

Distance (m)Total Settlement (cm)tan cekDistance (m)Total Settlement (cm)tan cek

019.37299-0.00142OK024.68980.000267OK

2.6346518.99883-0.00115OK4.419324.807940.000607OK

5.269318.69589-0.00084OK8.838625.076360.000848OK

7.9039518.4758-0.0005OK13.257925.451020.001092OK

10.538618.34465-0.00016OK17.677225.933540.001193OK

13.173318.301590.000148OK22.096526.460710.001053OK

15.807918.340660.000421OK26.515826.926190.000644OK

18.442618.451640.000647OK30.935127.210771.92E-05OK

21.077218.622070.000825OK35.354427.21927-0.00071OK

23.711918.839390.000959OK39.773726.90346-0.00143OK

26.346519.092130.001059OK44.19326.27-0.002OK

28.981219.371160.001133OK48.612325.38529-0.00235OK

31.615819.669530.00119OK53.031624.34552-0.0025OK

34.250519.983010.001239OK57.450923.24272-0.00263OK

36.885120.309410.001285OK61.870222.08044-0.00228OK

39.519820.64810.001333OK66.289521.07359-0.00171OK

42.154420.999320.00138OK70.708820.31679-0.00102OK

44.789121.36290.001424OK75.128119.86726-0.00027OK

47.423721.737990.001457OK79.547419.748150.000438OK

50.058422.121890.001473OK83.966719.941580.001014OK

52.69322.509988.38620.38982