USULAN PENELITIAN TESIS S2

INTERESTERIFIKASI KIMIAWI MINYAK BIJI KARET

(Hevea brasiliensis), MINYAK IKAN NILA (Oreochromis

niloticus) dan STEARIN SAWIT UNTUK MENGHASILKAN

SHORTENING

Oleh:

SUMARTINI14/372052/PTP/1385

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

YOGYAKARTA

2016

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

LEMBAR JUDUL.......................................................................................... iDAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. iiDAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................... iiiDAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................... iv

I. PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................. 11.1. Latar Belakang Permasalahan........................................................ 11.2. Perumusan Masalah....................................................................... 31.3. Tujuan Penelitian........................................................................... 41.4. Manfaat Penelitian......................................................................... 4

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................... 52.1. Asam Lemak Trans........................................................................ 52.2. Minyak Biji Karet (Hevea brasiliensis)......................................... 7

2.3. Minyak Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)................................... 8 2.4. Standar Mutu Minyak Ikan............................................................ 10

2.5. Stearin Sawit (Palm Stearin)......................................................... 102.6. Proses Interesterifikasi Kimia........................................................ 122.7. Mentega Putih (Shortening)........................................................... 132.8. Hipotesis........................................................................................ 14

III. METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 153.1. Bahan penelitian............................................................................ 153.2. Alat penelitian................................................................................ 153.3. Tempat Penelitian.......................................................................... 15 3.4. Jalannya Penelitian........................................................................ 16

3.4.1. Penelitian Pendahuluan (Ekstraksi Minyak Biji Karet)............................................ 16

3.4.2. Penelitian Pendahuluan (Ekstraksi Minyak Ikan Nila)............................................. 19

3.4.3. Penelitian Utama (Interesterifikasi kimia).......................... 20. 3.5. Metode Analisis dan Pengumpulan Data....................................... 21

3.6. Rancangan Percobaan..................................................................... 22 3.7. Waktu Penelitian............................................................................. 23

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 24

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman2.1. Kandungan kernel biji karet ................................................................. 72.2 Karakteristik minyak biji karet mentah................................................ 82.3 Komposisi asam lemak biji karet.......................................................... 82.4 Profil asam lemak ekstrak minyak ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) 92.5 Persyaratan mutu minyak ikan kasar menurut IFOMA ....................... 102.6 Karakteristik minyak sawit hasil fraksinasi.......................................... 11

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman2.1 Struktur kimia dari asam lemak-cis tidak jenuh, asam lemak trans

tidak jenuh dibandingkan dengan asam lemak jenuh .......................... 62.2 Buah Karet dan Biji karet .................................................................... 72.3 Diagram alir proses pembuatan minyak ikan kasar.............................. 92.4 Mekanisme terjadinya proses interesterifikasi...................................... 133.1 Diagram alir ekstraksi minyak biji karet dengan pengepresan............. 163.2 Diagram alir proses pemurnian minyak biji karet............................... 173.3 Diagram alir proses pemucatan minyak ikan kasar.............................. 193.4 Diagram alir proses pembuatan shortening.......................................... 21

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