Appendix

Lampiran 2. Hasil Pemeriksaan Makroskopik Jeruk Bali

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Gambar 15. Tumbuhan Jeruk Bali

Gambar 16. Buah Jeruk Bali

(lanjutan)


Gambar 17.Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar Gambar 18.Simplisia Kulit Buah

Jeruk Bali

Gambar 19. Serbuk Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Lampiran 3. Hasil Pemeriksaan Mikroskopik


1

2 3

4

5

6

Gambar 20. Mikroskopik penampang melintang kulit buah jeruk bali segar Keterangan : 1. Epidermis 2. Hipodermis 3. Kristal kalsium oksalat 4. Kelenjar minyak atsiri 5. Mesokarp 6. Berkas pembuluh penebalan spiral

(lanjutan)


1

2

1

3

4 5

6

Gambar 21. Mikroskopik serbuk simplisia kulit buah jeruk bali Keterangan: 1. Epidermis 2. Mesokarp 3. Berkas pembuluh 4. Kristal kalsium oksalat 5. Stomata 6. Kelenjar minyak atsiri Lampiran 4. Alat – alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian


Gambar 22. Alat Stahl

Gambar 23. Alat Penetapan Kadar Air (lanjutan)


Gambar 24. Alat Destilasi Air

Gambar 25. Alat Refraktometer Abbe (lanjutan)


Gambar 26. Alat Piknometer

Gambar 27. Alat GC-MS Lampiran 5. Penetapan Kadar Air


Kadar Air = %100xsampelBerat

IVolumeIIVolume −

1. Simplisia kulit buah jeruk bali

Sampel I = Volume I = 1,9 ml

Volume II = 2,3 ml

Berat sampel = 5,005 g

Kadar air = %100005,5

9,13,2 x−

= 7,99 % b/v

Sampel II Volume I = 2,3 ml

Volume II = 2,8 ml


Kadar air = %100008,5

3,28,2 x−

= 9,98% b/v

Sampel III Volume I = 2,8 ml

Volume II = 3,2 ml


Kadar air = %100001,5

8,22,3 x−

= 7,99 % b/v

Kadar air rata – rata = 3

/%99,7/%98,9/%99,7 vbvbvb ++

= 8,65 % b/v

Lampiran 6. Penetapan Kadar Minyak Atsiri


Kadar Minyak Atsiri= %100)min( xsampelBerat

atsiriyakVolume

1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar

Sampel I

Volume minyak atsiri = 0,17 ml


Kadar minyak atsiri = %100095,1517,10 x

= 1,13% b/v

Sampel II




= 1,13% b/v

Sampel III



Kadar minyak atsiri = x008,1518,0 100%

= 1,13% b/v

Kadar minyak atsiri rata – rata = 1,13% b/v + 1,13% b/v + 1,13% b/v

3

= 1,13% b/v


2. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Kering

Sampel I

Volume minyak atsiri = 0 ,1ml



=0,66 % b/v

Sampel II

Volume minyak atsiri = 0,1ml


Kadar minyak atsiri = %100047,151,0

= 0,66% b/v

Sampel III




= 0,68% b/v

Kadar minyak atsiri rata – rata =3

/%68,0/%66,0/%66,0 vbvbvb ++

= 0,67% b/v


Lampiran 7. Penetapan Kadar Sari yang Larut dalam Air

Kadar sari larut dalam air = %10020

100 xxsampelBerat

sariBerat

1. Simplisia

Sampel I


Berat sari = 0,179 g

Kadar sari larut air = %10020

100004,5179,0 xx

gg

= 17,89 % b/v

Sampel II




100002,5145,0 xx

gg

= 14,49 % b/v

Sampel III




100006,5163,0 xx

gg

= 16,28 % b/v

Kadar rata – rata = 3

/%28,16/%49,14/%8900,17 vbvbvb ++

= 16,22


Lampiran 8. Kadar Sari Larut dalam Etanol

Kadar sari larut dalam etanol = %10020

100 xxsampelBerat

sariBerat

Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali

Sampel I



Kadar sari larut etanol = %10020

100006,5109,0 xx

gg

= 11,88% b/v

Sampel II




100028,5121,0 xx

gg

= 12,03 % b/v

Sampel III




100004,5147,0 xx

gg

= 14,69 % b/v

Kadar rata – rata = 3

/%69,14/%03,12/%88,11 vbvbvb ++

= 12,87% b/v


Lampiran 9. Penetapan Kadar Abu Total

Kadar abu = %100xsampelBerat

abuBerat


Sampel I


Berat abu = 0,1742 g

Kadar abu = %1000005,21742,0 x

= 8,71% b/b

Sampel II



Kadar abu = %1000008,21721,0 x

= 8,60% b/b

Sampel III



Kadar abu = %1000007,21638,0 x

= 8,18% b/b

Kadar abu total rata – rata = 3

/%18,8/%60,8/%71,8 bbbbbb ++

= 8,50% b/b


Lampiran 10. Penetapan Kadar Abu yang Tidak Larut dalam Asam

Kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam = %100xsampelBerat

abuBerat


Sampel I



Kadar abu = %1000005,20220,0 x

= 1,09 % b/b

Sampel II



Kadar abu = %1000008,20210,0 x

= 1,05% b/b

Sampel III



Kadar abu = %1000007,20210,0 x

= 1,05 % b/b

Kadar abu total rata – rata = 3

/%05,1/%05,1/%09,1 bbbbbb ++

= 1,06 % b/b


Lampiran 11. Penetapan Indeks Bias


Sampel I = 1,398

Sampel II = 1,398

Sampel III = 1,398

Indeks bias rata-rata = 3

398,1398,1398,1 ++

= 1,398


Sampel I = 1,398

Sampel II = 1,398

Sampel III = 1,398

Indeks bias rata-rata = 3

398,1398,1398,1 ++

= 1,398


Lampiran 12. Penentuan Bobot Jenis Minyak Atsiri

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = BCBA

−−

Keterangan : A : Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri B : Bobot piknometer kosong C : Bobot piknometer + air suling


Sampel I

Bobot piknometer kosong = 8,5421 g

Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri = 10,2122 g

Bobot piknometer + air suling = 10,5422 g

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = g8350,05421,85422,105421,82122,10

=−−

Sampel II




Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = g8358,05421,85422,105421,82138,10

=−−

Sampel III




Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = s ggggg 8355,0

5421,85422,105421,82132,10

=−−

Bobot jenis rata – rata = gggg 8354,03

8355,08358,08350,0=

++



Sampel I




Bobot jenis minyak atsiri = ggggg 8355,0

5421,85422,105421,82132,10

=−−

Sampel II





5421,8,85422,105421,82132,10

=−−

Sampel III





5421,85422,105421,82126,10

=−−

Bobot jenis rata – rata = gggg 8354,03

8352,08355,08355,0=

++


Lampiran 13. Flowsheet isolasi minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk bali segar Ditiriskan dan diiris Dikarakterisasi

Buah jeruk bali

Minyak atsiri dan air

Air Minyak atsiri dengan kemungkinan adanya air

Na2SO4 x H2O Minyak atsiri

ditambah Na2SO4 anhidrat

dipisahkan

Dicuci

Ditimbang

Kulit buah jeruk bali segar

1 Mikroskopis 2 Makroskopis 3 PK minyak atsiri

didestilasi air

Ampas


Lampiran 14. Flowsheet isolasi minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk bali kering Ditiriskan dan diiris Dikarakterisasi

Buah jeruk bali

Minyak atsiri dan air

Air Minyak atsiri dengan kemungkinan adanya air

Na2SO4 x H2O Minyak atsiri

ditambah Na2SO4 anhidrat

dipisahkan

Dicuci Dikeringkan dan ditimbang

Simplisia

1 Mikroskopis 2 Makroskopis 3 PK Air 4 PK Abu

-Total -Tidak larut asam

5. PK Sari -Larut air -Larut etanol

6. PK Minyak Atsiri

didestilasi air

Ampas


Lampiran 26. Pola Fragmentasi Komponen Minyak Atsiri

1. β-pinen

C10H16Exact Mass: 136.13

Mol. Wt.: 136.23m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)

C, 88.16; H, 11.84

CH315 C:

C9H13••

Exact Mass: 121.1Mol. Wt.: 121.2

m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)C, 89.19; H, 10.81

CH2

14 CH:

C8H11••


m/e: 107.09 (100.0%), 108.09 (8.8%)C, 89.65; H, 10.35

CH214

C:

C7H9••


m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)C, 90.26; H, 9.74

C224

CH3.

C5H9••


m/e: 69.07 (100.0%), 70.07 (5.4%)C, 86.88; H, 13.12

C:

CH2H3C

C3H5••


m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27

C2H428


2. β-misren

H3C

C

H3C

CH

H2C

CH2

CH

CH2

CH2


Mol. Wt.: 136.23m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)

C, 88.16; H, 11.84

- .CH3


Mol. Wt.: 121.2m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)

C, 89.19; H, 10.81.C

H3C

CH

H2C

CH2

CH

CH2

CH2

2HC CH2-24

.HC

HC

CH

C

CH

CH2

CH2


Mol. Wt.: 93.15m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)

C, 90.26; H, 9.74H

-:CH2

.HC

CH

C

CH

CH2

CH2


Mol. Wt.: 79.12m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)

C, 91.08; H, 8.92

HC

CH2.

CH2

.HC

HC

CH

C

CH

CH2

HC6H7


m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)C, 91.08; H, 8.92

C3H5••


m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27

.HC

C

CH.

-38

CH

CH2C2H3


m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18

-:CH2


3. D-limonen

CHH2C

H2CC

CH

CH2

CH3

C

CH2

C10H16Mol. Wt.: 136.23

m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)C, 88.16; H, 11.84

136

CHH2C

H2CC.

CH

CH2

C

CH2H3C

C9H13Mol. Wt.: 121.2

m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)

C, 89.19; H, 10.81

H3C

CHH2C

H2CC

CH

CH2

CH3

.C

CH2

C9H13Mol. Wt.: 121.2

m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)C, 89.19; H, 10.81

-.CH3-15

-.CH3-15

CH

.H2C

.CC

CH2

C

CH2H3C

C8H11Mol. Wt.: 107.17

m/e: 107.09 (100.0%), 108.09 (8.8%)

C, 89.65; H, 10.35

- :CH2

H2C

.CC

CH

C

CH2H3C

- :CH2

C7H9Mol. Wt.: 93.15

m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)C, 90.26; H, 9.74

H2C

.CC

CH

CHH2C

C6H7Mol. Wt.: 79.12

m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)C, 91.08; H, 8.92

- :CH2

H

HCCH2

CH3C

.C C H-CH2

C

C

CH2

.

- :CH3

H3C

C5H8Mol. Wt.: 68.12

m/e: 68.06 (100.0%), 69.07 (5.5%)C, 88.16; H, 11.84

C4H5••

Mol. Wt.: 53.08m/e: 53.04 (100.0%), 54.04 (4.3%)

C, 90.51; H, 9.49

- C

C:

CH2

.

H3C

C3H5••

Mol. Wt.: 41.07m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)

C, 87.73; H, 12.27

-12

H


4.Limonen Oksid

O .CH3.C

O

15

C9H13OExact Mass: 137.1

Mol. Wt.: 137.2m/e: 137.10 (100.0%), 138.10 (9.9%)

C, 78.79; H, 9.55; O, 11.66

C10H16OExact Mass: 152.12

Mol. Wt.: 152.23m/e: 152.12 (100.0%), 153.12 (10.9%)

C, 78.90; H, 10.59; O, 10.51

CH214

CH2

CH2:

C8H13••


m/e: 109.10 (100.0%), 110.11 (8.8%)C, 88.00; H, 12.00

CH:

CH2

C7H9••


m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)C, 90.26; H, 9.74

CH2C:

H2C

C5H7••


m/e: 67.05 (100.0%), 68.06 (5.5%)C, 89.49; H, 10.51

C2H2

26

CH214

26

CH3H2C

C3H5••


m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27

26 C2H2

2HC C: H

C2H3••


m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18


5.Kariofillen

CH3


Mol. Wt.: 204.35m/e: 204.19 (100.0%), 205.19 (16.5%), 206.19 (1.2%)

C, 88.16; H, 11.84

.C

C14H21Exact Mass: 189.16Mol. Wt.: 189.32

m/e: 189.16 (100.0%), 190.17 (15.4%), 191.17 (1.1%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18


m/e: 175.15 (100.0%), 176.15 (14.3%)C, 89.07; H, 10.93

CH2

CH2

.C


Mol. Wt.: 161.26m/e: 161.13 (100.0%), 162.14 (13.2%)

C, 89.37; H, 10.63

.C

CH2


m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)C, 90.16; H, 9.84


m/e: 147.12 (100.0%), 148.12 (12.1%)C, 89.73; H, 10.27

CH2

.CH

CH2

15 14

14

CH2

14

CH214

.C

C2H428

.CH2

.CH


m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)C, 90.16; H, 9.84

CH2

CH


Mol. Wt.: 120.19m/e: 120.09 (100.0%), 121.10 (9.9%)

C, 89.94; H, 10.06

.CH

CH


m/e: 105.07 (100.0%), 106.07 (8.7%)C, 91.37; H, 8.63

CH3

CH


Mol. Wt.: 93.15m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)

C, 90.26; H, 9.74

H3C

CH


m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)C, 91.08; H, 8.92

CH2:

C4H7••


m/e: 55.05 (100.0%), 56.06 (4.4%)C, 87.19; H, 12.81

CH2:H2C

C3H5••


m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27

CH2.


Mol. Wt.: 27.05m/e:

C, 88.82; H, 11.18

CH

13

CH315

C

12

C2

24

CH2

14

14

CH2

CH2

14


6. Germakren D

HC

H2CCH2

CH2

C

CH

CH

CH

H2C

CH2

CH3

CH

CH3

CH3 C15H24Mol. Wt.: 204.35

m/e: 204.19 (100.0%), 205.19 (16.5%), 206.19 (1.2%)C, 88.16; H, 11.84

.HC

CH3

CH3

C3H7Mol. Wt.: 43.09

m/e: 43.05 (100.0%), 44.06 (3.3%)C, 83.63; H, 16.37

HC

H2CCH2

CH2

C

CCH

CH

H2C

CH2

CH3


m/e: 161.13 (100.0%), 162.14 (13.2%)C, 89.37; H, 10.63

-:CH2. HC

H2CCH2

CH2

C

CCH

CH2

CH2

CH3


m/e: 147.12 (100.0%), 148.12 (12.1%)C, 89.73; H, 10.27

H

-:CH2.

HC

H2CCH2

C

CCH

CH2

CH3

HC

H2CCH2

C:

CCH

CH2

H2C

CH2:

C10H13••


m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)C, 90.16; H, 9.84

C9H11••


m/e: 119.09 (100.0%), 120.09 (9.9%)C, 90.70; H, 9.30

-:CH2.

H

HC

H2CCH2

C:

CCH

CH2

H

C8H9••


m/e: 105.07 (100.0%), 106.07 (8.7%)C, 91.37; H, 8.63

-:CH2.

HC

H2CCH2

:C

C:

C

C

H-:CH2.

C7H7••••


m/e: 91.05 (100.0%), 92.06 (7.7%)C, 92.26; H, 7.74

HC

H2CCH2

C:

H

C4H7••


m/e: 55.05 (100.0%), 56.06 (4.4%)C, 87.19; H, 12.81

:C

-36

C

H2C

C:

H

-:CH2.

C3H5••


m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)C, 87.73; H, 12.27

H-:CH2.

CC:

H

H

H H

C2H3••


m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)C, 88.82; H, 11.18

HH


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