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ABSTRACT

IDEOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION IN LEKRA LITERARY WORK:

ANALYSIS OF NEW HISTORISM OF ANTHOLOGY

GUGUR BAWAHAND LAPORAN DARI BAWAH

This present study was intended to understand the reciprocal relationship

between literary works and non literary text in the reign of President Soekarno, andfocused on the analysis of ideological representation in literary works. The formal

object of the study included the ideological representation, the matters pertaining to

socio-politics, and the reciprocal relationship between literary work and non literary

text. The theory of literature proposed by Marxis and the theory of intertext were

used. The study was qualitatively designed using sociological and historical

approaches. The data were taken from the anthological poems of Gugur Merahand

the anthological short story of Laporan dari Bawah. The two anthologies played an

important role in making the Lekra literary work appear again in the middle of the

Indonesian literature and represented the political movement of the Lekra literature(1950-1965). The data were also taken from the non literary texts such as Di Bawah

Bendera Revolusi, Volume 2 (Soekarno, 1964) and Tentang Marxisme(Aidit,, 1964a

and Revolusi Indonesia, Latar Belakang Sedjarahdan Haridepannja(Aidit, 1964b).

During the Indonesian Revolution, President Soekarno and D.N. Aidit were

revolutionary figures who placed the constellation of the three angles of strength

(President Soekarno,PKI, and Angkatan Darat the Armed Forces).

The result of the study showed that the poems Gugur Merah, the short stories

Laporan Dari Bawahrepresented the Marxist ideology through their themes, dictions,

characters, conflicts, and the work structure. The themes of the poems were taken

from the Marxist teaching, that is, the peoples suffering, class awareness, and

socialism. The diction used included the revolutionary slogans which were popular atthat time and full of ideologies and politics. The characters of the short stories

represented the working people (the farmers and laborers as the central pillar of the

Indonesian revolution). The conflict between the oppressed against the oppressor

represented the awareness of and struggle for class. The structure of the plot of the

short stories was materialistic, dialectic and historical.

The matter pertaining to socio-politics presented in the poems and short stories

was based on the Indonesian Revolution; the peoples struggle was led by President

Soekarno and was supported by PKI (the Indonesian Communist Party)in order to

eliminate suffering and create an equitable and prosperous community. This created a

reciprocal relationship between the poems Gugur Merah, the short stories Laporan

dariBawah and the speech delivered by President Soekarno as well as what was

written by D.N. Aidit.

Based on the view of CC PKI concerning the relationship among literary

work, art and ideology, party (the Indonesian Communist party PKI), and the

establishment of Lekra (Mukadimah, Konsepsi Kebudayaan Rakyat, and the working

combined method 1-5-1), the poems of Gugur Merah, the short stories of Laporan

dari Bawah were part of historical process, in which the literary work was

transformed into the political movement.

Keywords: ideology, Marxism, new historicism, representation,

Indonesian Revolution, Lekra literary work