Post on 01-Feb-2023
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page i
Contents
CHAPTER-1 :INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 4
1.0 PREAMBLE...................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 NEED OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................... 4
1.2 SCOPING OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY OF THE PROJECT .............................................................. 5 1.4 TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER-2 :PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................... 16
2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT ...................................................................................................... 16 2.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................... 16 2.3 SALIENT FEATURES .......................................................................................................... 17
2.4 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................... 18 2.5 LAND DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 18 2.6 DRILLING PLAN FOR MODHERA FIELD .......................................................................... 19 2.6.1 DRILLING AND COMPLETION ....................................................................................... 19
2.6.2 WELL DRILLING STRATEGY .......................................................................................... 19 2.7 WELL EVALUATION ........................................................................................................ 20 2.8 COMPLETION OF DRILLING ............................................................................................. 21 2.9 RIG DEMOBILIZATION ..................................................................................................... 21
2.10 RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION ........................................................................... 21 2.11 STAFFING ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.12 SUPPLIES DURING WELL DRILLING ............................................................................... 22 2.13 WASTE STREAMS ........................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER-3 :DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ....................................................... 26
3.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 26 3.2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND ITS ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 26
3.3 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT (REGIONAL) ................................................................... 29 3.3.1 TOPOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY .......................................................................................... 29 3.3.2 CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................... 30 3.3.3 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................... 30
3.4 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT (LOCAL) ......................................................................... 31 3.4.1 MICRO-METEOROLOGY ................................................................................................ 31 3.4.2 TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 33 3.4.3 LAND USE ..................................................................................................................... 33
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page ii
3.4.4 SOIL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 34 3.4.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 35 3.4.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................. 45 3.4.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 47
3.4.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 55 3.4.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 60
CHAPTER-4 : ... ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 77
4.1 IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................... 77 4.1.1 THE MAJOR ACTIVITIES THAT MAY HAVE IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT ...................... 78 4.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................... 79 4.2.1 PHYSICAL PRESENCE .................................................................................................... 79
4.2.2 NOISE AND VIBRATION ................................................................................................ 79 4.2.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 81 4.2.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 90
4.2.5 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE IMPACTS.................................................................. 91 4.2.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 92 4.3 IMPACT ON ECOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 94 4.3.1 PROPOSED MITIGATING MEASURES ............................................................................. 96
CHAPTER-5 :ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................... 98
CHAPTER-6 :ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM ....................................... 99
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULE ................................................................ 100 6.2 MONITORING OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS ..................................................................... 106
6.3 REPORTING SCHEDULE OF MONITORING DATA .......................................................... 107
CHAPTER-7 :ADDITIONAL STUDIES ........................................................................... 108
7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 108 7.1.1 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 112
7.1.2 BLOWOUTS DURING DRILLING / TESTING OPERATIONS ........................................... 112 7.1.3 CAUSES OF DRILLING BLOWOUTS .............................................................................. 112 7.1.4 CAUSES OF PRODUCTION BLOWOUTS ........................................................................ 113 7.1.5 RISK CRITERIA ............................................................................................................ 113 7.1.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................. 115 7.1.7 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 116 7.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ................................................................ 117 7.3 PUBLIC HEARING .......................................................................................................... 119
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page iii
CHAPTER-8 :PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................. 120
8.1 DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP .................................................................................................. 120 8.2 IMPORTS VS. INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION ...................................................................... 120 8.3 EXPORT POSSIBILITY ...................................................................................................... 120 8.4 DOMESTIC/ EXPORT MARKETS..................................................................................... 120 8.5 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ......................................................................................... 120
CHAPTER-9 :ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 122
9.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 122
9.1.1 HSE POLICY OF BLOCK OPERATOR ........................................................................... 122 9.1.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................ 123 9.1.3 ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................ 124 9.2 MITIGATION PLAN ........................................................................................................ 125
9.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................................................... 137 9.4 RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION .......................................................................... 143 9.4.1 WELL ABANDONMENT ............................................................................................... 143
9.4.2 WELL SUSPENSION ..................................................................................................... 144 9.5 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 144 9.6 SAFETY DURING DREDGING OPERATION ....................................................................... 144 9.6.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................ 145
9.7 EFFLUENTS AND SOLID WASTE ..................................................................................... 151 9.7.1 DRILL CUTTINGS, WASTE MUD, SLUDGE AND WASTEWATER ................................. 151 9.7.2 FUELS AND CHEMICALS ............................................................................................. 152 9.7.3 USED OIL AND FILTERS .............................................................................................. 153
9.7.4 SEWAGE ...................................................................................................................... 153 9.7.5 MEDICAL WASTE ........................................................................................................ 153 9.7.6 CAMP WASTE ............................................................................................................. 153
CHAPTER-10 :CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................... 155
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page iv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1.1: STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 5
TABLE 1.2: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY.............................................................................................. 5
TABLE 1.3 : POINT-WISE COMPLIANCE OF PRESCRIBED TOR ............................................................. 8
TABLE 2.1 : SALIENT FEATURE OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................. 17
TABLE 3.1: LANDUSE/LANDCOVER .......................................................................................................... 33
TABLE 3.2: SOIL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 35
TABLE 3.3: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF PROJECT SITE ............................................................. 39
TABLE 3.4: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF MODHERA VILLAGE ............................................... 39
TABLE 3.5: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF RANELA ...................................................................... 40
TABLE 3.6: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF JETPUR ......................................................................... 41
TABLE 3.7: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF RUPPURA KARANPURA ......................................... 42
TABLE 3.8: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF KARANPURA ............................................................. 43
TABLE 3.9: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF DHANPURA ............................................................... 43
TABLE 3.10: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF CHADASANA .......................................................... 44
TABLE 3.11: NOISE MONITORING RESULTS ............................................................................................ 46
TABLE 3.12: SURFACE WATER QUALITY RESULTS ................................................................................ 48
TABLE 3.13: GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS ............................................................................. 51
TABLE 3.14: GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS ............................................................................. 53
TABLE 3.15: LARGE TREES SPECIES FOUND IN STUDY AREA ............................................................ 55
TABLE 3.16: SHRUBS FOUND IN STUDY AREA ........................................................................................ 56
TABLE 3.17: HERBS FOUND IN STUDY AREA .......................................................................................... 56
TABLE 3.18: AGRICULTURAL CROPS FOUND IN STUDY AREA ......................................................... 56
TABLE 3.19: AMPHIBIAN IN STUDY AREA ............................................................................................... 56
TABLE 3.20: REPTILES IN STUDY AREA ..................................................................................................... 57
TABLE 3.21: BIRDS SPICES FOUND IN STUDY AREA .............................................................................. 57
TABLE 3.22: MAMMALS IN STUDY AREA ................................................................................................. 57
TABLE 3.23: ANNELIDA IN STUDY AREA ................................................................................................. 57
TABLE 3.24: TABLE: LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA ...................................................... 60
TABLE 3.25: LIST OF VILLAGES IN THE STUDY AREA ........................................................................... 63
TABLE 3.26: DEMOGRAPHIC PARTICULARS/POPULATION DETAILS OF THE STUDY AREA .. 64
TABLE 3.27: VILLAGE WISE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION WITH SEX RATIO ................................ 66
TABLE 3.28: VILLAGE WISE SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION WITH SEX
RATIO ........................................................................................................................................................ 69
TABLE 3.29: VILLAGE WISE WORKING POPULATION .......................................................................... 72
TABLE 3.30: BASIC AMENITIES AVAILABLE IN THE STUDY AREA ................................................... 75
TABLE 4.1: IMPACT MATRIX......................................................................................................................... 77
TABLE 4.2: OCCUPATIONAL AND HUMAN EXPOSURE LEVELS ....................................................... 80
TABLE 4.3: PREDICTED GLCS DUE TO FLARING .................................................................................... 82
TABLE 4.4: STACK & EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTIC ............................................................................. 86
TABLE 4.5: PREDICTED MAXIMUM GLCS DUE TO DG SET .................................................................. 86
TABLE 6.1: RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROTOCOL – PRE DRILLING
PHASE ..................................................................................................................................................... 100
TABLE 6.2: RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROTOCOL - DURING
DRILLING PHASE ................................................................................................................................. 102
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page v
TABLE 6.3: RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROTOCOL - POST DRILLING
.................................................................................................................................................................. 104
TABLE 9.1: ENVIRONNEMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN - MITIGATION MANAGEMENT
MATRIX................................................................................................................................................... 125
TABLE 9.2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN - MITIGATION MANAGEMENT
MATRIX (DURING DRILLING PHASE) ......................................................................................... 127
TABLE 9.3: WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................. 138
TABLE 9.4: ONSHORE DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR LIQUID EFFLUENT FROM OIL DRILLING
.................................................................................................................................................................. 142
TABLE 9.5: CONTROL AND ACTION PLAN OF THE INCIDENTS ..................................................... 150
TABLE 9.6: QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED ...................................................................... 153
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page vi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY MAP ................................................................................. 7
FIGURE 2.1: LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 2.2: TYPICAL WELL SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................. 20
FIGURE 3.1: STUDY AREA MAP OF 10 KM RADIAL ZONE ................................................................... 27
FIGURE 3.2: SITE FACILITIES......................................................................................................................... 28
FIGURE 3.3: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF GUJARAT ........................................................................................ 29
FIGURE 3.4: SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA ........................................................................................ 30
FIGURE 3.5: WINDROSE DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................... 32
FIGURE 3.6: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ............................................................................................... 34
FIGURE 3.7: AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS ........................................................................ 38
FIGURE 3.8: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS ...................................................................................... 46
FIGURE 3.9: SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...................................................................... 47
FIGURE 3.10: GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS .................................................................... 50
FIGURE 3.11: FOREST MAP OF GUJARAT (SOURCE: INTERNET) ........................................................ 59
FIGURE 3.12: MAP OF NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN GUJARAT
(SOURCE: INTERNET) ........................................................................................................................... 59
FIGURE 4.1: GLC OF NO2 (24 HOURS) DURING FLARING .................................................................... 83
FIGURE 4.2: GLC OF SO2 (24 HOURS) DURING FLARING ..................................................................... 84
FIGURE 4.3: GLC OF CO (24 HOURS) DURING FLARING ...................................................................... 85
FIGURE 4.4: GLC OF NO2 DURING DG SET OPERATION ....................................................................... 87
FIGURE 4.5: GLC OF PM DURING DG SET OPERATION ......................................................................... 88
FIGURE 4.6: GLC OF CO-1 HR DURING DG SET OPERATION .............................................................. 89
FIGURE 7.1: DRILLING PROCESS DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 111
FIGURE 9.1: WATER BALANCE FOR DRILLING ..................................................................................... 152
LIST OF ANNEXURE Annexure A: Approved ToR
Annexure B: PSC Document
Annexure C: Petroleum Mining Lease Document
Annexure D: Previous Environmental Clearance Letter
Annexure E: Transfer of Environmental Clearance Letter
Annexure F: Transfer of the Assignment of Exploration, Development, Production and Sale
of Products.
Annexure G: QCI/NABET Certificate of the Consultant
Annexure H: NABL Certificate of the Lab
Annexure I: MoEF Certificate of the Lab
Annexure J: Corporate Environmental Policy of Sun Petro
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page vii
UNDERTAKING
The Environmental Impact Assessment Report and Environment Management Plan of
Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7
sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana,
Gujarat are sole property of the Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd (Sun Oil & Natural Gas
Division) Mumbai.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page viii
DECLARATION OF CONSULTANTS Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA of Exploration and Development of
Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village -
Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat. I, hereby, certify that I was a part of
the EIA EMP team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
EIA Coordinator:
Name: B.M.Sinha
Signature & Date: March 2018
Period of Involvement: September 2017– Present
Contact Information: Mantec Consultants, D-36, Sector-06, Noida-201301
(0120-4215000/804)
Functional Area Experts: S.No. Functional
Areas Name of the
Experts Involvement
(Period & Task*) Signature & Date
1. AP* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control. (Nov-Dec 2017)
06.03.2018
2. WP* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of impacts. (Nov-Dec 2017)
06.03.2018
3. SHW* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste Management. (Nov-Dec 2017)
06.03.2018
4. SE* Mr. Anil Kumar
Consultancy provided in functional area of Socio Economics.( (Nov-Dec 2017)
06.03.2018
5. EB* Mr. Vivek Dwivedi
Consultancy provided in functional area of Ecology & Biodiversity.( (Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018
6. HG* Mr. R. K. Khanna
Consultancy provided in functional areas of Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation. ((Nov-Dec 2017))
06.03.2018
7. GEO* Mr. B.M.
Sinha
Consultancy provided in functional area of Geology. (Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page ix
8. SC* Dr. Vivek Dwivedi
Consultancy provided in functional area of Soil Conservation. ((Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018
9. AQ* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction. ((Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018
10. NV* Mr. A.S.
Brara
Consultancy provided in functional area of Noise study. ((Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018
11. LU* Mr. Deepak Srivastav
Consultancy provided in functional area of Land Use. (Nov-Dec 2017) 06.03.2018
12. RH* Ms Anuradha Sharma
Consultancy provided in functional area of Risk & Hazards. (Nov-Dec 2017) 06.03.2018
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
I, A. S. Brara, hereby, confirm that the above-mentioned experts prepared the EIA EMP
Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML
12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana,
Gujarat. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information
mentioned in this statement.
Signature : Name : Mr. A.S. Brara Designation : CMD Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Noida-201301
NABET Certificate No. & Issue date: S.No. 99/ Rev. 63/March 05, 2018
S.No. Functional Area Code Complete name of the Functional Areas
1. AP Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control 2. WP Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of impacts 3. SHW Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste Management 4. SE Socio-Economics 5. EB Ecology & Biodiversity 6. HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation 7. GEO Geology 8. SC Soil Conservation 9. AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction 10. NV Noise/Vibration 11. LU Land Use 12. RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Management
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 1
Executive Summary
M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private Limited (SunPetro) Company is engaged in the business of
Exploration and Production of Crude Oil and Natural Gas. The company holds mining lease
for Modhera field in Gujarat for exploration and production under Production Sharing
Contracts (PSC) signed with the Government of India. Earlier, Government of India had
awarded the Modhera field to Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) under production sharing
contract (PSC) for expeditious exploitation of hydrocarbon. Based on the interpretation of 3D
data, one appraisal well Modhera # 1 was drilled in 2010-11 by IPL. PSC for Modhera field
was transferred to SunPetro on 10th Jun, 2016 by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
(MoPNG), Government of India. Mining Lease for Modhera Field was transferred and re-
granted to SunPetro from Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) on 19th Aug, 2016 by State
Government.
The application for obtaining ToR to the project was submitted to MoEF&CC, New Delhi.
vide their letter no Sunpetro/Song/Baola(MU)/E&P/MoEF/2018/282 on 30th January 2018.
The project was granted Standard ToR by MoEF&CC, New Delhi on 04th March 2018 vide
its File No.IA-J-11011/523/2017-IA-II(I).
The proposed project is a drilling project, which will use water-based mud during drilling
operation. The expected production of hydrocarbon is 200 barrels per day of crude oil.
The baseline data for the project was collected in the post monsoon season from October
2017 to December 2017. The air monitoring stations were selected in Project Site , Modhera,
Ranela, Jetpur, Ruppura Karanpura, Karanpura, Dhanpura and Chadasana. The concentration
of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO were found in the range of 98-60 µg/m3, 58-31 µg/m3, 16-6
µg/m3 , 26-14 µg/m3 and 0.95 -0.52 mg/m3 respectively. The presence of Hydrocarbon, Non-
Methane Hydro Carbon and Volatile Organic Compounds were not found in the study area.
The air quality modelling was carried out for both the scenario of DG set operation and
Flaring operation. It was observed that flaring will not affect the baseline environment as it
adds very little amount of pollutants as compared to the exisintg baseline concentration. The
results are given below:
S.No. Pollutants Incremental value, µg/m3
Baseline Data, Max, µg/m3
GLC, µg/m3 Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3
1 NO2 (24 hr) 2.87 26 28.87 80 2 SO2 (24 hr) 0.026 16 16.026 80 3 CO (1 hr) 71.3 950 1021.3 4000
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 2
Similarly for the DG set, the GLCs were found in the range of NAAQS 2009.
Parameter Incrmental
Concentration
(g/ m3)
Baseline Data, Max, µg/m3
GLCs, µg/m3 Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3
NO2 (24 hr) 25.6 26 51.6 80
PM (24 hr) 12.9 16 28.9 100
CO (1 hr) 123 950 1073 4000
The baseline data for ground water and surface water have also been collected from the
nearby villages. Total five surface water and ten ground water locations were identified for
the sampling. The total coliform and faecal coliforms (MPN/100 ml) were found in the range
of 519-332 and 140-81 respectively. However, in ground water no coliforms were observed.
The overall surface and ground water qualities are found within the range of drinking water
standards except MPN in surface water. Presence of MPN in surafce water can be inferred
that the surface runoff adds faecal matter to the surface water and so the coliforms.
The noise sampling was done in 8 locations in the 1 km area of the project. The baseline
noise are found in day and night in the range of 72.6 – 43.4 dB(A) and 68.2 – 36.2 dB(A).
The soil samples were collected from five sampling location in the study area. The analysis of
soil clearly indicates that teh soil is primarily sandy loam in nature. Sodium absorption ratio
is found in the range of 0.91 to 0.71. CEC is found between 9.56-7.36 meq/100gm while the
NPKs are found in the range of 22.4-18.6 mg/100gm, 0.88-0.78 mg/100gm and 2.6 – 1.8
mg/100gm respectively.
In the study area, there are about 59 identified villages, which are distributed in three
different districts of Gujarat namely Mehsana, Patan and Ahmadabad. Out of these 59
identified habitations, 50 habitations are falling in four sub-districts of Mehsana district
whereas eight habitations in two sub-districts of Patan and only one habitation in one sub-
district of Ahmadabad district. All the identified habitations configuring approximately
21,276 households with population of almost 1,00,909. Based on number of households, the
largest habitation identified is Modhera which is a village with 1,372 households having total
population of 6,373 distributed as 3,335 males and 3,038 females located in Becharaji sub-
district of Mehsana district. The second largest habitation identified based on number of
households is Vadavli which is also a village with 1,172 households which constituting
population of 5,169 with 2,623 males and 2,546 females located in Chanasma sub-district of
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 3
Patan district. In the same manner, the third largest habitation identified is village Balol with
1,161 households having total population of 5,374 distributed as 2,806 males and 2,568
females located at sub-district & district Mehsana. The project village has a government
primary school, a primary health sub-centre and a family welfare centre. The village is
connected with the roads which are black topped (pakka), gravel (kachcha) and footpath
facilitated with public bus services, auto & taxi services. The people of the project village
mostly used Tap and Tank as a sources for drinking water and India Gandhi canal for
irrigation purpose.
The total number of personnel involved in the site construction and drilling activities is
expected to be between aprox.50 and aprox. 80 respectively. Total water requirement is 25
m3/day. The estimated cost of the proposed project is INR 32 million per well and the project
period is six months. The project would generate employment to the local persons and once
the production starts, it will improve the economy of the area and state as well. Proper
mitigation measure and management practices will be used to cater the need of environment
protection. Environmental Monitoring shall be done on regular basis and six months
compliance will be submitted to the Regional Office of MoEF&CC. A budget of Rs
43,30,000/- is earmarked for the EMP.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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CHAPTER-1 : Introduction
1.0 Preamble
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the management tool to ensure the sustainable
development and it is a process, used to identify the environmental, social, and economic
impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making tool, which guides the
decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for any project. EIA systematically examines
both beneficial and adverse consequences of the project and ensures that these impacts are
taken into account during the project designing. It also reduces conflicts by promoting
community participation, information, decision makers, and helps in developing the base for
environmentally sound project. In order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the project,
the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is undertaken, which will be followed by
preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to minimize those adverse
impacts. All the proposed activities shall be commenced at site only after obtaining necessary
approvals from concerned authorities i.e. MoEF&CC /SEIAA and SPCB. Details of Statutory
requirements are given below:
1.1 Need of the Project
With the additional wells at Modhera Field, present crude oil and gas production is expected
to be increased which would contribute in the development of the country and the local area.
The increased production would generate additional revenue for the State Government as
well as for the Central Government by way of payments because of Royalty, CESS, and
taxation. This will also assist in the economic development of this less developed area in
Gujarat by means of generating direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local
people of the region.
1.2 Scoping of the Project
The project envisages monetization of Modhera Oil & Gas field .The proposed wells in
Modhera Field would be connected for production to Group Well Head Installation Facility
(GWHI) very near to the wells. From GWHI, the Crude Oil will be transferred to the nearest
ONGC processing facility (Sobhasan GGS – II) for treatment of the crude to be sold to Indian
Oil Corporation limited (IOCL) or to small private buyers as per the PSC terms. SunPetro
will sell the gas (if found economical after testing) in the local market.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
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Details of Statutory requirements are given below:
Table 1.1: Statutory Requirements S.No. Particulars Details 1 Approved ToR MoEF&CC File No.IA-J-11011/523/2017-IA-II(I)
date 04.03.2018. (Enclosed as Annexure-A)
2 Production Sharing Contract
The DGH, MPNG, GoI has issued PSC vide its letter DGH/PF/Baola/PI/PSC Amendment No-1/2016 dated 10.06.2016. (Enclosed as Annexure-B)
3 Petroleum Mining Lease The PML hs been transferred to Sun Petro by Energy and Petrochemicals Department, Gujarat vide Letter No No. PCR-1094-3038-E dated 19.08.2016. (Enclosed as Annexure-C)
4 Earlier Environmental Clearance
F.No. J-11011/730/2009-IA-II(I) dated 24.12.2010 (Enclosed as Annexure-D)
5 Transfer of EC F.No. J-11011/730/2009-IA-II(I) dated 04.12.2017. (Enclosed as Annexure-E)
Transfer of the Assignment of Exploration, Development, Production and Sale of Products
MoPNG File No O-19025/4/2010(Part)-ONGD-V dated 18thMarch 2016. (Enclosed as Annexure-F)
1.3 Environmental Sensitivity of the Project
Environmental sensitivity of the project, which includes important ecological features and
social infrastructures within 10 km radius from the Modhera field, is given below in Table
1.2.
Table 1.2: Environmental Sensitivity
S.No. Sensitive Ecological Features
Name Aerial Distance (in
km.) from Mine
Lease boundary
1 National Park / Wildlife
Sanctuary
None -
2 Reserve forests None -
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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3 Tiger Reserve/Elephant
Reserve / Turtle Nesting
Ground
None -
4 Core Zone of Biosphere
Reserve
None -
5 Habitat for migratory birds None -
6 Lakes/Reservoir/Dams Pond at Mithi Ghariyal
Pond at Vijapurda
Pond at Delvada Khant
Pond at Aasjot
Pond at Dethli
Pond at Akba
Pond at Rante
7 km NW of Oil field
4.5 km North
4 k West
2 km South
8 km SW
7 km SW
4.5 km South
7 Stream/Rivers Narmada Canal
Rupen River
Pushpawati River
Khari River
Passing through
the Oil Field Area.
9 km North
4 km North
Passing Through
The Field
8 Estuary/Sea None -
9 Mangroves None -
10 Mountains/Hills None -
11 Notified Archaeological
sites
None -
12 Industries/Thermal Power
Plants
None -
13 Defense Installation None -
14 Airports Ahmedabad Airport 95 kms
15 Railway Lines Becharaji Railway
Station
20 km
16 National / State Highways SH 7
SH 19
SH 134
4 km North
500 m South
3.5 km North
17 Important worship place Shree Jodh Mata
Mandir, Aasjol
Modheshwari Mata
Mandir, Modhera
800 m South
2.8 km North
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Figure 1.1: Environmental Sensitivity Map
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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1.4 Terms of Reference
The application for obtaining ToR of the “Exploration and Development of drilling wells
in the existing PML area(PML 12.7 sq. km) of Modhera field at village- Matresan, Tehsil –
Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat has been submitted by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd. vide their letter no Sunpetro/Song/Modhera(MU)/E&P/MoEF/2018/282 on
30th January 2018.
The project was granted Standard ToR by MoEF&CC, New Delhi on 04th March 2018
vide its File No No.IA-J-11011/523/2017-IA-II(I).
The point-wise compliance of the TOR is given in Table-1.3 as under:-
Table 1.3 : Point-Wise Compliance of Prescribed ToR S. NO. ToR POINT COMPLIANCE
1 Executive summary of a
project
Executive Summary is given at Page No.1.
2 Project description, project
objectives and project benefits.
Project description : Drilling wells in Modhera
Oil/Gas field by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private
Limited (SunPetro) company in Modhera Oil/Gas
field in District: Mehsana, State: Gujarat.
Modhera field covering an area of 12.7 sq. km.
Number of Existing Wells are 2 whereas new
wells are proposed for drilling.
Proposed Objectives: The project envisages
monetization of Modhera Oil & Gas field .The
proposed wells in Modhera Field will be
connected for production to Group Well Head
Installation Facility (GWHI) very near to the
wells. From GWHI, the Crude Oil will be
transferred to the nearest ONGC processing
facility (Sobhasan GGS – II) for treatment of the
crude to be sold to Indian Oil Corporation
limited (IOCL) or to small private buyers as
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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per the PSC terms. SunPetro will sell the gas
in the local market.
Project benefits: The project is fulfillment of the
Production Sharing Contract between the
Company (Sun Petro) and Directorate General of
Hydrocarbon, Govt. of India. It is one of the
Prospective Areas for natural gases by Ministry
of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Govt. of India.
The viability of the drilling wells will add onto
the natural resources in national level with
overall growth in Indian economy.
3 Cost of project and period of
completion
The estimated cost of the proposed project is INR
32 million per well and the project period is six
months.
4 Site details within 1 km of the
each proposed well, any
habitation, any other
installation/activity, flora and
fauna, approachability to site,
other activities including
agriculture/land, satellite
imagery for 10 km area. All
the geological details shall be
mentioned in the Topo sheet of
1:40000 scale, superimposing
the well locations and other
structures of the projects.
Topography of the project site.
Environmental Sensitive Map and Study Area
Map of 10 km Radial Zone given in Figure 1.1
and Figure 3.1 respectively.
5 Details of sensitive areas such
as National Park, Wildlife
Environmental Sensitivity (within 10 km study
area) is given in Table 1.2.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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sanctuary and any other eco-
sensitive area alongwith map
indicating distance.
Environmental Sensitivity Map is given in
Figure 1.1.
6 Approval for the forest land
from the State/Central Govt.
under Forest (Conservation)
Act, 1980, if
applicable.
Forest Land is not involved.
7 Recommendation of
SCZMA/CRZ clearance as per
CRZ Notification dated 6th
January, 2011 ( if
applicable)
Not applicable
8 Distance from nearby
critically/severely polluted
area as per Notification, if
applicable. Status of
moratorium imposed on the
area.
Not applicable
9 Does proposal involve
rehabilitation and
resettlement? If yes, details
thereof
No
10 Environmental considerations
in the selection of the drilling
locations for which
environmental clearance is
being sought. Present any
analysis suggested for
minimizing the footprint
giving details of drilling and
development options
The proposed project is an existing oilfield for
which the The PML hs been transferred to Sun
Petro from Interlinked by Energy and
Petrochemicals Department, Gujarat vide Letter
No. PCR-1094-3038-E dated 19.08.2016.
Drilling plan for Modhera field is given in
Chapter 2 at Section 2.6.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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considered.
11 Baseline data collection for air,
water and soil for one season
leaving the monsoon season in
an area of 10 km radius with
centre of Oil Field as its centre
covering the area of all
proposed drilling wells
The baseline data was collected for post monsoon
season during October 2017 to December 2017.
Results of the air, water, noise, soil, and EB are
given in Chapter-3.
12 Climatology and Meteorology
including wind speed, wind
direction, temperature rainfall
relative humidity etc.
Climatology and Meteorology including wind
speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall
relative humidity data is given in Chapter 3.
13 Details of Ambient Air Quality
monitoring at 8 locations for
PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO,
VOCs, Methane and non-
methane HC.
Details of Ambient Air Quality monitoring are
given in Chapter 3.
14 Soil sample analysis (physical
and chemical properties) at the
areas located at 5 locations
Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical
properties) at the areas located at 5 locations data
is given in Chapter 3.
15 Ground and surface water
quality in the vicinity of the
proposed wells site.
Ground and surface water quality is given in
Chapter 3.
16 Measurement of Noise levels
within 1 km radius of the
proposed wells.
Measurement of Noise levels is given in Chapter
3.
17 Vegetation and land use;
flora/fauna in the block area
with details of endangered
species, if any.
Vegetation and land use; flora/fauna in the block
area with details of endangered species data
given in Chapter 3.
18 Incremental GLC as a result of
DG set operation, flaring etc.
Incremental GLC because of DG set operation,
flaring are given in Section 4.2.3 in Chapter-4.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 12
19 Potential environmental
impact envisaged during
various stages of project
activities such as site
activation, development,
operation/ maintenance and
decommissioning.
Potential environmental impact envisaged during
various stages of project activities are given in
Chapter 4.
20 Actual source of water and
'Permission' for the drawl of
water from the Competent
Authority.
Detailed water balance,
wastewater generation and
discharge.
The Rig contractor will source water by the water
tankers.
Total water requirement is 25 m3/day. The water
balance chart is given at Figure 9.1.
21 Noise abatement measures and
measures to minimize
disturbance due to light and
visual intrusions
Details are given in Table 9.1 and Table 9.2 in
Chapter 9.
22 Details on solid waste
management for drill cuttings,
drilling mud and oil sludge,
produced sand, radio
activematerials, other
hazardous materials, etc.
including its disposal options
during all project phases.
Details are given in Section 9.7.5 and 9.7.6 in
Chapter 9.
23 Details on wastewater
generation, treatment and
utilization /discharge for
produced water/ formation
water, cooling waters, other
wastewaters, etc.
Details are given in Section 9.7.1 and in Table
9.1 and Table 9.2 in Chapter 9.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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duringallprojectphases
24 Disposal of spent oil and lube. Used Oil & filters and spare parts, can largely be
recycled. All such waste will be collected and
transported out of the project area and sold to
authorized recyclers. Details are given in Table
9.1 and Table 9.2.
25 Storage of chemicals and
diesel at site. Hazardous
material usage, storage and
accounting
Storage of chemicals and diesel at site.
Hazardous material usage, storage and
accounting are all done as per the SOP of Sun
Petro which is abide by standard procedure given
in OISD.
26 Commitment for the use of
water based mud (WBM) only.
The drilling will be done by using water based
mud (WBM) only.
27 Oil spill emergency plans for
recovery/ reclamation
Oil spill emergency plans are under preparation
as per OISD Norms and will be incorporated
once prepared and approved.
28 H2S emissions control No H2S emissions associated with the project.
29 Produced oil/gas handling,
processing and
storage/transportation
The proposed project is mainly for oil
production. The produced oil will be stored in a
local storage tank from there it will be
transported to the buyer/local market through
tankers.
30 Details of control of air, water
and noise pollution during
production phase
Regular monitoring will be done after obtaining
Environmental Clearance. Details of control of
air, water, and noise pollution during production
phase are given in Table 9.2 and in Table 9.3.
31 Measures to protect ground
water and shallow aquifers
from contamination.
Details are given in Table 9.2 in Chapter 9.
32 Whether any burn pits being
utilised for well test
operations.
Not Required
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 14
33 Risk assessment and disaster
management plan for
independent reviews of well
designed construction etc. for
prevention of blow out.
Blowout preventer installation
Risk assessment and disaster management plan
is given in Chapter 7.
Blowout preventer installation will be as per Oil
Industry Safety Directorate (OIDS).
34 Environmental management
plan
Environmental management plan is given in
Chapter 9.
35 Total capital and recurring cost
for environmental control
measures.
Total Budget for the Environmental Monitoring
Program is Rs 43,30,000.00 for next five years
given in Chapter 6.
36 Emergency preparedness plan. Emergency preparedness plan is given in Chapter
9.
37 Decommissioning and
restoration plans
Details are given in section 2.10 in Chapter 2.
38 Documentary proof of
membership of common
disposal facilities, if any.
SunPetro has taken the membership of Treatment
Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF) for the
disposal of Hazardous waste at the time of
drilling.
39 Details of environmental and
safety related documentation
within the company including
documentation and proposed
occupational health and safety
Surveillance Safety
Programme for all personnel at
site. This shall also include
monitoring programme for the
environmental
SunPetro has HSE Apex manual, which includes
1. HSE Policy of SunPetro
2. Environment Aspect-Impact associated with
the projects
3. Hazards & Effects Management Process
4. Risk Matrix
5. Emergency Response Plan
6. Responsibility Matrix
7. Management of Change
8. Contractor’s Safety Management
9. Work for Permit
10. Working at Heights
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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40 A copy of Corporate
Environment Policy of the
company as per the Ministry's
O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-
IA.II(I) dated 26th April, 2011
available on the Ministry's
website.
Copy of Corporate Environmental Policy is
attached as Annexure-J
41 Any litigation pending against
the project and or any
direction/order passed by any
court of law against the
project. If so details thereof.
No litigation is pending against the project.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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CHAPTER-2 : Project Description
2.1 Project Proponent
M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private Limited (SunPetro) Company is engaged in the business of
Exploration and Production of Crude Oil and Natural Gas. The company holds mining lease
for Modhera Gas field in Gujarat for exploration and production under Production Sharing
Contracts (PSC) signed with the Government of India. PSC for Modhera field was transferred
to SunPetro on 10th June, 2016 by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG),
Government of India.
The Modhera field, discovered in 1982 by Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC), is
situated about 30 km southwest of Mehsana city in Gujarat. The location of the field is on the
western rising flank of Ahmedabad-Mehsana tectonic block of Cambay Basin. Modhera
structure is an anticline having N-S axis. The reservoir sand is thinning towards east of the
structure. Hydrocarbon entrapment in this field is mainly attributed to this structural feature.
Government of India awarded this field to Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) under
production sharing contract for expeditious exploitation of hydrocarbon. State Government
transferred mining Lease for Modhera Field to SunPetro from Interlink Petroleum Limited
(IPL) on 19 Aug 2016.
Sun Petro intends to drill appraisal wells in the field near the existing two wells. The
estimated cost of the proposed project is INR 32 million per well. Modhera # 1 well in the
field is currently producing the crude oil and is in testing phase.
2.2 Brief description of the project
The Project involves the monetization of Modhera Field through Crude Oil and Gas
production. The site has two existing wells at present. One is very old wells drilled by ONGC
and other one was by Interlink. The various activities of the project are:
Drilling of new wells in future
Construction of Group Well Head Installation
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 17
Figure 2.1: Location map of the project
2.3 Salient Features
Salient features of the project are given below in the Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 : Salient feature of the project
Name of the Project Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the
Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera
Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat.
Location Modhera Oil/Gas field in District: Mehsana, State:
Gujarat
Size of the Project Modhera field covering an area of 12.7 sq. km.
Number of Existing Wells 02
Ground Elevation 25 metres above MSL
Depth of each Well Average depth 1500-2000 m below MSL
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 18
Total Estimated Drilling
Period for each well
90 days
Total Estimated Testing
Period for each well
21 days
Type of hydrocarbon
expected
Oil (200 bbls per day),
Gas (secondary)
Proposed Drilling Fluid for
each well
Water-based mud system (Environmental friendly
system)
Anticipated Volume of
Cuttings for each well
250-500 cu. metres (approximately)
Estimated Cost of the
Project
INR 32 million per well
2.4 Project Benefits
The project is fulfillment of the Production Sharing Contract between the Company (IPL) and
Directorate General of Hydrocarbon, Govt. of India. It is one of the prospective areas for
natural gases by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Govt. of India. The viability of the
appraisal drilling will add onto the natural resources in national level with overall growth in
Indian economy.
2.5 Land Details of the Project Modhera Field has a total Mining Lease Area of 12.7 Sq. Km and the land for the existing
wells is taken on lease. The additional land associated with drilling and development
operations of proposed wells is being acquired on lease / rental basis from the farmers on
prevailing prices. The land is flat with slope ranging from 0 to 1 % medium black and sandy
loam soil. The most predominant problem of soil in this area is loss of upper fertile soil layer,
which is washed away by intensity of rainfall. The land use within the Modhera Field can
be broadly classified into Land under agriculture use, Rainfed area, Gauchar Land, Waste
Land (Cultivable & Non-Cultivable).
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 19
2.6 Drilling Plan for Modhera Field
2.6.1 Drilling and Completion
In Modhera field, the Drilling TD for kalol zone is 900-1000 m & for cambay zone is 1800-
1900 m( To be decided based on the testing result of Modhera#02 well, 8 ½” section drilling
to be decided) otherwise well is completed in 12 ¼” section with 9 5/8” Casing in kalol). The
well construction will be planned with three Casing policies and for this drilling rig of 150
ton or 750 hp will be deployed. The Kalol zone is planned to be 9 5/8” casing.
Drilling rig package include Rig, capable to drill may be up to a depth of 2000 mtrs, carrier
mounted from drilling contractor. In addition, other services such as Mud services, logging,
cementing, site construction etc. will be used.
2.6.2 Well Drilling Strategy
It is proposed to drill exploratory and development wells for the two fields operated by
SunPetro in same campaign so as to save on Mob-demob charges. This will also help in
optimizing expenditure on materials consumed. The surface hole will be spud with open
cellar to drill up to approx. 50 mtrs.
The main drilling challenge is to mud loss and mud channelling on surface. After drilling of
top 50 mtr, further drilling may be carried out with control rate ROP. Surface hole will be
drilled with bentonite mud and the lower 12 ¼” section may be drilled with KCL POLYMER
mud. While drilling if encounter shale formation, shale inhabitations chemicals will be used
and to avoid differential stuck of pipe, proper lubrication will be added in Mud system in case
of sticky clay observed. Further mud improvement through monitoring may be carried out so
that it will not damage the reservoir.
Typical Well Design (Production, injection, etc.)
The wells will be drilled vertically with three casing policy:- Typical casing configuration is
as follows.
1. The surface casing – 13 3/8” BTC J-55, 61 PPF depth approx. 400-500 mtr
2. The Intermediate casing – 9 5/8” L-80, 43.5 ppf, Setting depth 1100 m.
3. Production Casing 7” casing with L-80, 29 ppf casing shoe depth approx. 2000
mtr.( (Depending upon the result of Modhera#02 well, Cambay testing result,8 ½”
section will drilled, otherwise well is completed in 12 ¼” section with 9 5/8”
Casing in Kalol).)
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 20
The completion string is planned of 2 7/8” EUE tubing. The typical well head consist of 13
3/8” surface casing well head 3M, 11”x 5M intermediate & 7 1/16”x5M tubing hanger spool
with 7 1/16” x 5M, 2 1/16” side out let v/v X-mass tree. Surface 13 3/8” casing setting depth
is planned at approx. 400-500 mts.
Cementing of 13 3/8” casing is planned as single stage cementing, with shoe track of about
20 mtr. Cementing of 9 5/8” casing is also planned as single stage cementing, with shoe
track of about 20 mtr. Cement weight will be between 1.35-1.65 Sg. Disposal of drill cutting
will done as per standard Oil industry HSE policy.
The wells in Modhera field are planned as vertical wells. The vertical stand-off for casing
setting is as per technical specifications.
Figure 2.2: Typical Well schematic
2.7 Well Evaluation
i) Well Logging
Between the drilling operations for different zones, logging operations are undertaken
to provide information on the potential type and quantities of hydrocarbons present in
the target formations.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Technicians employed by a specialist logging Service Company do well logging.
There are many different well logging techniques including electric, sonic and
radioactive logging. Logging instruments (sensors) are attached to the bottom of a
wire line and lowered to the bottom of the well. They are then slowly brought back,
the devices reading different data as they pass each formation and recording it on
graphs, which can be interpreted by the geologist, geophysicist and drilling engineer.
No emissions are associated with wire line logging operations. The radioactive source
required for well logging operations will be kept in specially designed container under
proper storing license.
ii) Well Testing
Normally, in the event that hydrocarbons are encountered in sufficient quantities, as
determined by electric wire line logs, a temporary drill stem test string may be run and
the well fluids flowed to surface and processed using a surface well testing package.
2.8 Completion of Drilling
On completion of activities, the well will be either plugged and suspended (if the well
evaluations indicate commercial quantities of hydrocarbons) or will be killed and
permanently abandoned. In the event of a decision to suspend the well, it will be filled
with a brine solution containing very small quantities of inhibitors to protect the well.
The well will be sealed with cement plugs and some of the wellhead equipment (Blind
Flange) will be left on the surface (Cellar).
If the well is abandoned, it will be sealed with a series of cement plugs, all the
wellhead equipment will be removed leaving the surface clear of any debris and the
site will be restored.
2.9 Rig Demobilization
Demobilization will involve the dismantling of the rig and residential camp, and
transporting it out of the project area. It is expected that demobilization will take
approximately 180 days and will require around 50 truckloads.
2.10 Restoration and Rehabilitation
If no indications of a commercial quantity of oil are encountered either before or after
testing, the well will be declared dry, accordingly plugged and abandoned, and the site
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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restored in line with local regulations and good industry practice. As a minimum, the
following steps will be undertaken to restore and rehabilitate the area:
The wellhead and all casing string will be cut off to a minimum depth of 3 m (10
ft) below ground level.
All concrete structures will be broken up, and the debris disposed off as per the
regulatory requirements.
All other waste products, solid and liquid, will be disposed of in accordance with
the requirements of the EIA and will be treated to render them harmless.
All fencing and access gates will be removed.
All pits whose contents would show regulatory compliance for on-site disposal, at
the time of site closure, will be backfilled and closed out as per the legal
requirements. Tree plantation will be done on the closed pits to restore the original
top soil conditions.
That portion of the access track likely to be of no use for other exploratory wells
in the reserved forest will be restored by removing cross drainage structures.
2.11 Staffing
The total number of personnel involved in the site construction and drilling activities
is expected to be between aprox.50 and aprox. 80 respectively. At any one time there
will be 25-35 staff and security personnel on the well site thus a small accommodation
area will be set up to provide boarding & lodging. Rest of the staff will be housed in
contractor’s camp and will commute on 12 hrs shift basis to the well site.
2.12 Supplies during Well Drilling
All supplies, both for the drilling rig and machinery and for the camp at the well site
as well as drilling site will be transported probably from Mehsana and/or Ahmedabad.
This will include all fuels and oils, chemicals for drilling mud, spare parts for the rig,
vehicles, and food and other supplies for the residential camp. Fuels, oils, and
chemicals will be unloaded in designated areas with impermeable floors (either
concrete or covered with an impermeable material) and lined by dykes or walls to
prevent soil and water contamination from spills. A catering company will be
contracted to provide the messing facility at the residential camp.
Fuel
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 23
It is estimated that approximately 170 liters of fuel (high-speed diesel) will be
consumed per hour during the drilling operation for all uses. The fuel will be provided
by the drilling contractor and transported to site in tankers.
Water
During the drilling process, a maximum of 25 m3/day/well (25,000 liters) of water
will be required to run the drill rig continuously, 24 hours a day. The total water
requirement for the drilling phase is estimated to be 2250 m3 for each well. This does
not include the volume of water for dilution of wastewater, if required, for discharge
into natural drains.
The water will be sourced through authorized vendors to meet the water requirement
during drilling.
Electricity
Diesel generators will be used to generate power to operate the drill rig and for the
residential camp. It is estimated that four diesel-engine generators, each with a
capacity of 360 KVA, will be sufficient for rig operations.
Chemical Usage
Various chemicals will be used during the drilling phase. At the planning stage, an
estimate of the potential usage for every chemical will be made. Some of the
major chemicals, which are planned to be used for the drilling campaign, are as
follows:
Barite Defoamer Chrome free Lignosulphate Shale Inhibitor Oxygen Scavenger Sodium Bicarbonate Bentonite Caustic Soda-only in drums Concentrated Corrosion Inhibitor. PAC (Polyanionic Cellulose) Xanthum Gum Bactericide. Cloud Point Glycol
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 24
Mica Nut plug Kwik-Seal. Wyoming Bentonite.
During the operation, chemical usage will be monitored and efforts will be made to reduce
chemical usage as much as technically feasible.
2.13 Waste Streams
The following types of wastes are likely to be generated during exploratory drilling:
Drill Cuttings: comprising of drilled formation cuttings, mainly comprise of shale,
sands and clay;
Waste drilling fluid (mud): Generated from treatment of return drilling fluid from
well for solids removal;
Drilling Wastewater: The drilling wastewater generated as a result of washings of
drilling cuttings, silt and sand comprises of chemical ingredients of drilling fluid
thereby rendering effluent to be polluted and needs prior treatment before
discharge to meet the given criteria for its discharge;
Chemical Sludge: Wastewater treatment would result in generation of chemical
sludge.
Hydrocarbon Wastes: Used oils from oil changes, waste, or leakage from
equipment or diesel storage tanks. Used oil (from engine oil changes) is
designated as hazardous;
Non hazardous solid waste: Non hazardous wastes like paper, wood, plastics,
containers, etc.,
Off specified hazardous wastes: Off specified hazardous wastes are Containers
(including poly bags) holding hazardous ingredients like fluid, or testing
chemicals, or previously holding volumes of hazardous chemicals or used
batteries, etc.; and
Medical Wastes: Medical wastes like bandages; syringes; etc are also classified as
hazardous.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 25
Biodegradable waste: The drilling/camp site would generate food waste or fallen
leaves constituting biodegradable wastes.
Air Emissions: The air emissions due to the proposed exploratory drilling will be
from combustion of diesel in the diesel generators for meeting power requirement
of the drilling rig.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 26
CHAPTER-3 : Description of Environment
3.1 Overview
A clear understanding of both the physical and biological characteristics of the local
environment is important in the planning for the proposed appraisal drilling wells in Modhera
field, Mehsana District of Gujarat. Identification of both typical and extreme physical
conditions that may occur over the drilling period for the proposed exploration allows
prediction of the fate of any discharges from drilling operations and enables selection of the
appropriate rig, equipment, and training, thereby maximizing levels of safety for the duration
of the operation and minimizing the damage to local environment.
Knowledge of the characteristics of the local biological environment allows an understanding
of the potential for the operations to interact with the flora and fauna so that appropriate
controls can be adopted to mitigate negative impacts.
3.2 Site Description and Its Environment
The project site is located within Modhera Gas Field under Becharaji Tehsil of Mehsana
District in Gujarat. The Modhera Gas Field is surrounded by rural areas in the 10 km radial
zone of the present study. The study area of 10 km radial zone is shown in Figure 3.1 with
main features and villages of the study area. The study area falls in Mehsana district of
Gujarat.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 27
Figure 3.1: Study Area Map of 10 km Radial Zone
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 28
Figure 3.2: Site Facilities
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 29
3.3 State of the Environment (Regional) 3.3.1 Topography & Geology The geology is underlain by recently placed alluvial sands and few sporadic outcrops of
Deccan Trap and Limestone towards southern part of the region, The rock formations ranging
in age from Archaean to recent include gneises, schishts, phyllites, intrusive medium to
coarse grain sandstone, basalts and recents alluvium. The Geological Map of Gujarat state is
given as Figure 3.3) (Source: Internet)
Figure 3.3: Geological Map of Gujarat The topography of the area is almost flat covered by brown sandy and clayey soil and has
gentle southerly and south westerly slope (towards Gulf of Khambat). The elevation of the
land surface varies from 53 ft to 104 ft above MSL. There are no hills, hillocks or undulating
land in the region.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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3.3.2 Climate
Study area has a tropical type of climate with extreme summers and winters. The Arabian Sea
and Gulf of Khambhat reduce the temperature and render the climate more pleasant and
healthy. The average annual temperature varies from 36ºC in summer to 8ºC in winter. The
relative humidity varies from maximum of 90% to a minimum of 10%. The area receives an
average annual rainfall of 732 mm. The predominant wind direction for the study period
varies from North, West, North-West, North-North-West, North-East, North- North- East to
South-East
The study area is characterized by hot summers and the four different seasons are as follows :
Winter Season : December to February
Summer Season : March to May
Monsoon Season : June to September
Post-monsoon Season : September to November.
3.3.3 Seismic Considerations
According to the Seismic-zoning Map of India [IS 1893 (Part I):2002], the study region falls
in Zone III – Moderate Seismic Intensity. The Seismic Zoning Map is shown in Figure 3.4
Figure 3.4: Seismic Zoning Map of India
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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3.4 State of the Environment (Local)
The environmental status of the local vicinity at 10 km radial zone around the project site has
been studied during the post monsoon season October, November, and December 2017 and
the details are given in the following sub-sections:
3.4.1 Micro-Meteorology
Meteorological study exerts a critical influence on air quality, as it is an important factor in
governing the ambient air quality. The meteorological data recorded during the study period
is used for interpretation of the baseline information as well as input for air quality
simulation models. Meteorological data was collected in post monsoon season for the period
from October 2017 to December 2017.
The wind rose diagram for the study area is shown in Figure 3.5. The analysis of the average
wind pattern shows predominant winds from E, NNE, N, ENE. The calm wind (wind speed <
1.53 m/s) conditions prevailed for 26.31 % of the total time.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 32
Figure 3.5: Windrose diagram
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 33
3.4.2 Topography
The topography of the project site and the study area of 10 km radial zone are almost plain.
The elevation of the study area varies from 15 m to 32 m in general. However, in the northern
side of the study area the elevations are in the range of 22 to 32 m above MSL with a gentle
slope towards south & south-west of the project site. There are no hills, hillocks or undulating
land in the study area.
3.4.3 Land Use
The landuse within the Modhera Field have been studied and it can be broadly classified
into five major categories viz., Settlement, Waste Land, Vegetation, Water bodies and open
and agricultural. The land use distribution in the Modhera Gas Field Area is as follows:
Table 3.1: Landuse/Landcover
S.No Classes Area (sq.km)
Area in %
1 Open & Agriculture 443.44 93.77
2 Settlement 6.17 1.30
3 Vegetation 15.38 3.25
4 Water Bodies 7.16 1.51
5 Waste Land 0.74 0.16
Total 472.89 100.00
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 34
Figure 3.5: Land Use Map of Modhera Field
3.4.4 Soil Environment
Soil samples were collected from five locations of the 10 km study are around the Modhera
field. Soil location map and the results are given below:
Figure 3.6: Soil Sampling Locations
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Table 3.2: Soil Analysis
Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Location 4 Location 5
Location Project Site Modhera Chadasna Chhatasana Ruppura
Karanpura
Sr. No. Parameters Units
Value Value Value Value Value
1 pH - 8.02 7.38 7.82 8.28 8.08
2 Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.28 1.41 1.36 1.42 1.32
3 Conductivity Micro
mhos/cm 212 348 572 254 345
4 Moisture % 5.6 6.8 5.2 6.6 5.8
5 Texture - Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam
Sandy Loam
6 Sand % 68 70 66 72 54
7 Clay % 14 10 14 10 14
8 Silt % 18 20 20 18 32
9 Sodium mg/100gm 3.2 2.8 3.4 2.4 3.1
10 Potassium mg/100gm 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.6
11 CEC meq/100gm 9.56 7.36 9.32 7.48 9.12
12 Nitrogen mg/100gm 20.4 18.6 22.4 19.2 21.4
13 Phosphorous mg/100gm 0.78 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.88
14 Organic Matter %
1.28 1.18 1.16 1.24 1.06
15 Ca meq/100gm 3.16 2.68 3.52 2.82 3.12
16 Mg meq/100gm
1.52 1.26 2.14 1.62 1.78
17 SAR -
0.91 0.86 0.88 0.71 0.87
3.4.5 Air Environment
Sampling at each of the eight stations was done and on its basis the baseline data of ambient
air environment was generated for the parameters mentioned below:
1. Particulate Matter 10 micron
2. Particulate Matter 2.5 micron
3. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
4. Nitrogen oxide (NO2)
5. Carbon Mono-Oxide
6. Methane Hydro Carbons
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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7. Non-Methane Hydrocarbons
8. Volatile Organic Compounds
In regard to the techniques for collection of sample of particulate matter, the “Respirable
Dust Sampler Envirotech Model APM 460 BL” was used for air monitoring. The dust
particulate matter was collected on filter paper (size GF/A20.3x25.4 cm) and dust cup and the
gaseous pollutants were collected simultaneously by a known volume of air through a
number of bubblers of different flow rate through appropriate solution for absorbing different
gases. The collected samples were analyzed according to standard method for different
pollutants.
Theory of Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS)
The principle involved in Particulate Matter (PM) sampling method is that the particles
filtered from known volume of an air sample by a suction apparatus are deposited on a filter
paper. Generally the gaseous pollutants in air are made to react with liquid absorbing media
at atmospheric temperature and pressure when air is bubbled through the absorbing solution
in the impinger. RD sampler measures only the concentration of PM and Gases in the
ambient air.
Air is drawn through a size-selective inlet and through a 20.3 X 25.4 cm (8 X 10 in) filter at a
flow rate, which is typically 1132 L/min. Particles with aerodynamic diameter less than the
cut-point of the inlet are collected, by the filter. The mass of these particles is determined by
the difference in filter weights prior to and after sampling. The concentration of PM10 in the
designated size range is calculated by dividing the weight gain of the filter by the volume of
air sampled.
PM2.5 refers to fine particles that are 2.5 micrometers (μm) or smaller in diameter. Ambient
air is defined as any unconfined part of the Earth's atmosphere, that the surrounding outdoor
air in which humans and other organisms live and breathe.
An electrically powered air sampler draws ambient air at a constant volumetric flow rate
(16.7 lpm) maintained by a mass flow / volumetric flow controller coupled to a
microprocessor into specially designed inertial particle-size separator (i.e. cyclones or
impactors) where the suspended particulate matter in the PM2.5 size ranges is separated for
collection on a 47 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter over a specified sampling period.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Each filter is weighed before and after sample collection to determine the net gain due to the
particulate matter. The mass concentration in the ambient air is computed as the total mass of
collected particles in the PM2.5 size ranges divided by the actual volume of air sampled, and
is expressed in μg/m.
Calculation
PM10 (µg/m3) = (weight of filter paper after sampling – initial weight of filter paper)/volume
of air.
PM2.5 (µg/m3) = (weight of filter paper after sampling – initial weight of filter paper)/volume
of air.
For gaseous pollutants
SO2 (µg/m3) = (A – A0) x 1000 x B x D/ V
NOx (µg/m3) = (A – A0) x 1000 x B x D/ 0.82V
Where, A = Sample Absorbance,
A0 = Reagent blank Absorbance, and
B = Calibration factor (g/absorbance)
D = Volume of absorbance solution in impinger during monitoring/volume of absorbing
solution taken for analysis.
V = Volume of Air Sample in liters.
Sources
The major sources of air pollutants in the project area are vehicular traffic, dust arising from
local and village road, forest fire and domestic fuel burning.
Total eight monitoring locations were selected for basline data collection of Air Quality
Monitoring of the Project in the Study area. The air quality monitoring location map and its
table are given below:
S.No. Code Location
1 A1 Project Site
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
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2 A2 Modhera Village
3 A3 Ranela
4 A4 Jetpur
5 A5 Rupura Karanpura
6 A6 Karanpura
7 A7 Dhanpura
8 A8 Chadasna
Figure 3.7: Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Air Quality Baseline Results
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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The sampling was done during October 2017 to December 2017 as per the NAAQ Guidelines
2009. Results of the analysis of the samples are given below:
Table 3.3: Ambient Air Quality Data of Project Site 1 Project Site
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
Oct-17
01.10.2017 88 52 6 22 0.88 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 90 54 8 18 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 78 46 12 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 98 53 7 22 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 90 52 8 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 82 46 10 15 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
22.10.2017 94 56 9 23 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 90 48 8 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
Nov-17
01.11.2017 86 50 6 26 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 98 54 9 18 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 81 46 12 22 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 96 52 9 24 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 88 48 7 18 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 94 50 6 23 0.70 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 82 48 10 20 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 94 56 8 18 0.77 BDL BDL BDL
Dec-17
01.12.2017 84 40 9 20 0.86 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 90 52 11 24 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 94 56 9 19 0.81 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 84 50 7 22 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 86 44 11 20 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 92 55 8 18 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 98 38 12 20 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 86 50 9 16 0.70 BDL BDL BDL
Max 98 56 12 26 0.88 BDL BDL BDL
Min 78 38 6 15 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 89.29 49.83 8.79 20.25 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
98.00 56.00 12.00 25.08 0.87 BDL BDL BDL
Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality Data of Modhera Village 2 Modhera
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Oct-17
01.10.2017 94 56 6 20 0.64 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 82 40 8 17 0.73 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 86 50 7.5 21 0.71 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 81 48 9 24 0.67 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 90 50 6.5 18 0.69 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 96 58 8 14 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
22.10.2017 84 50 5.5 18 0.58 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 92 54 11 24 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Nov-17
01.11.2017 88 46 5.5 20 0.69 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 94 56 6 21 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 82 48 7 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 88 52 10 20 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 76 44 6 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 96 58 8 17 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 88 52 5.5 23 0.75 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 82 48 7 21 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Dec-17
01.12.2017 84 50 6.5 15 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 78 46 8 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 82 36 7.5 18 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 88 50 6 21 0.87 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 94 56 10 26 0.81 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 80 48 8 22 0.88 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 86 44 6 18 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 94 56 7 20 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
Max 96 58 11 26 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
Min 76 36 6 14 0.58 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 86.88 49.83 7.31 19.75 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
96.00 58.00 10.54 25.08 0.92 BDL BDL BDL
Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality Data of Ranela 3 Ranela
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
Oct-17
01.10.2017 98 56 6 13 0.67 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 88 52 8 18 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 95 48 7.5 14 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 88 52 9 19 0.71 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 92 53 6.5 16 0.62 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 96 55 8 18 0.56 BDL BDL BDL
22.10.2017 88 50 5.5 21 0.69 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 96 54 4 14 0.64 BDL BDL BDL
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 41
Nov-17
01.11.2017 98 56 5.5 16 0.73 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 94 50 6 22 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 82 48 7 15 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 90 52 7.5 21 0.62 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 84 44 6 14 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 96 56 8 17 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 88 52 5.5 20 0.58 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 94 57 7 16 0.62 BDL BDL BDL
Dec-17
01.12.2017 88 52 6.5 19 0.58 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 90 54 8 15 0.67 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 86 49 7.5 16 0.69 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 98 58 6 18 0.58 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 88 52 4.5 12 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 92 55 8 21 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 86 50 6 16 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 94 48 7 19 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
Max 98 58 9 22 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
Min 82 44 4 12 0.56 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 91.21 52.21 6.69 17.08 0.67 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
98.00 57.54 8.54 21.54 0.79 BDL BDL BDL
Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Data of Jetpur
4 Jetpur
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
Oct-17
01.10.2017 92 54 13 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 64 38 7.5 20 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 78 42 8 18 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 70 40 6.5 24 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 86 48 10 26 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 78 42 7.5 21 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
22.10.2017 78 43 10 23 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 76 33 8 20 0.73 BDL BDL BDL
Nov-17
01.11.2017 72 39 12 26 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 66 34 10 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 76 41 12 23 0.81 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 69 37 9 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 68 37 8.5 24 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 70 40 12 15 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 64 37 7 18 0.64 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 78 46 12 24 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 42
Dec-17
01.12.2017 66 38 8 17 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 72 42 16 20 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 69 37 8 18 0.71 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 79 41 11 20 0.95 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 77 40 8 20 0.77 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 62 34 12 26 0.65 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 75 41 9 18 0.62 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 73 36 13 24 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
Max 92 54 16 26 0.95 BDL BDL BDL
Min 62 33 7 15 0.61 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 73.25 40.00 9.92 20.79 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
89.24 51.24 14.62 26.00 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Data of Ruppura Karanpura 5 Ruppura Karanpura
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
Oct-17
01.10.2017 78 42 6 19 0.71 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 84 49 7 20 0.67 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 71 39 13 17 0.69 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 82 37 11 19 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 65 31 8 16 0.58 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 74 43 13 25 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
22.10.2017 68 40 9 20 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 67 38 12 20 0.64 BDL BDL BDL
Nov-17
01.11.2017 70 32 11 19 0.62 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 82 46 8 22 0.80 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 68 33 10 20 0.79 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 78 45 8 22 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 83 47 9 18 0.77 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 71 33 12 24 0.73 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 68 40 11 21 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 75 35 8 20 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
Dec-17
01.12.2017 65 40 9 20 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 70 36 10 15 0.71 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 54 42 12 23 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 85 33 8 18 0.65 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 76 38 15 26 0.67 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 54 44 9 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 68 37 12 22 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 56 34 8 24 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 43
Max 85 49 15 26 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Min 54 31 6 15 0.58 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 71.33 38.92 9.96 20.33 0.73 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
84.54 48.08 14.08 25.54 0.87 BDL BDL BDL
Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Data of Karanpura 6 Karanpura
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
Oct-17
01.10.2017 69 37 7 16 0.62 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 79 42 5.5 19 0.77 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 67 35 9 21 0.64 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 78 43 10 23 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 76 33 8 20 0.73 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 72 39 6.5 26 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
22.10.2017 66 34 10 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 76 41 7.5 23 0.81 BDL BDL BDL
Nov-17
01.11.2017 69 37 9 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 74 40 7.5 23 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 80 40 10 22 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 68 34 8.5 24 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 75 39 11 23 0.77 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 79 41 9 19 0.62 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 65 35 13 24 0.80 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 77 40 7.5 21 0.79 BDL BDL BDL
Dec-17
01.12.2017 70 36 9 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 79 41 8.5 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 76 39 6 17 0.86 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 82 46 7 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 72 40 6.5 20 0.81 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 70 36 8 18 0.88 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 79 42 9.5 23 0.86 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 67 35 8 17 0.83 BDL BDL BDL
Max 82 46 13 26 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Min 65 33 6 16 0.61 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 73.54 38.54 8.40 20.54 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
81.08 44.62 12.08 25.08 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Table 3.9: Ambient Air Quality Data of Dhanpura 7 Dhanpura
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 44
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
Oct-17
01.10.2017 77 41 6 20 0.52 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 79 39 12 26 0.65 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 71 38 9 18 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 68 36 10 24 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 85 42 8 18 0.67 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 77 37 9 22 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
22.10.2017 62 36 12 26 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 66 38 8 18 0.65 BDL BDL BDL
Nov-17
01.11.2017 78 40 9 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 72 38 7.5 18 0.75 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 85 44 9 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 71 38 8 16 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 77 36 6.5 17 0.80 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 82 44 13 23 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 60 36 10 20 0.75 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 72 38 8 18 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Dec-17
01.12.2017 70 40 12 21 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 78 42 7.5 24 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 68 34 9 19 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 82 46 7 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 72 40 11 20 0.81 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 70 36 8 18 0.88 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 74 42 12 22 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 80 46 9 16 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
Max 85 46 13 26 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
Min 60 34 6 16 0.52 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 74.00 39.46 9.19 20.33 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
85.00 46.00 12.54 26.00 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
Table 3.10: Ambient Air Quality Data of Chadasana 8 Chadasana
Month Date PM10
(µg/m3) PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) HC
(µg/m3) NMHC
(µg/m3) VOC
(µg/m3)
Oct-17
01.10.2017 76 40 9 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
04.10.2017 72 38 6.5 18 0.75 BDL BDL BDL
08.10.2017 85 44 8.5 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL
11.10.2017 71 38 9 16 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
15.10.2017 77 36 6.5 17 0.80 BDL BDL BDL
18.10.2017 74 42 8 15 0.71 BDL BDL BDL
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 45
22.10.2017 66 34 9 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
25.10.2017 76 41 7.5 23 0.81 BDL BDL BDL
Nov-17
01.11.2017 69 37 9 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL
04.11.2017 74 40 7.5 23 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
08.11.2017 67 36 6 20 0.75 BDL BDL BDL
11.11.2017 65 31 7 18 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
15.11.2017 72 40 6 21 0.68 BDL BDL BDL
18.11.2017 64 36 6.5 24 0.84 BDL BDL BDL
22.11.2017 75 42 9 19 0.66 BDL BDL BDL
25.11.2017 72 38 8 20 0.89 BDL BDL BDL
Dec-17
01.12.2017 70 50 7.5 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
04.12.2017 73 56 9 22 0.73 BDL BDL BDL
08.12.2017 84 54 5.5 26 0.75 BDL BDL BDL
11.12.2017 70 52 7 18 0.80 BDL BDL BDL
15.12.2017 76 45 8.5 20 0.72 BDL BDL BDL
18.12.2017 68 39 6 18 0.82 BDL BDL BDL
22.12.2017 62 44 7.5 24 0.71 BDL BDL BDL
25.12.2017 80 48 9 16 0.76 BDL BDL BDL
Max 85 56 9 26 0.94 BDL BDL BDL
Min 62 31 6 15 0.61 BDL BDL BDL
Avg 72.42 41.71 7.60 19.75 0.78 BDL BDL BDL
98 percentile
84.54 55.08 9.00 25.08 0.92 BDL BDL BDL
3.4.6 Noise Environment
Noise monitoring locations were selected based on approved ToR i.e. within 1 km of the
project site. One location is selected 3.5 km from the site which is Modhera Sun Temple, an
Archaeological Survey of India Site. Noise monitoring locations are given below:
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 46
Figure 3.8: Noise Monitoring Locations
The noise monitoring results are as follows:
Table 3.11: Noise Monitoring Results
Standards of Noise Level Noise Level db(A)
Sr.No. Noise
Location DOS Category of Area Day dB (A) Night dB (A) Day (Ld) Night (Ln)
1 Project Site 01.10.2017 Industrial 75 70 72.6 68.2
2 Modhera Head Works
04.10.2017 Industrial 75 70
70.4 65.4
3 Venupura
08.10.2017
Residential 55 45 52.4 39.2
4 Ranchorpura
11.10.2017
Residential 55 45 50.6 42.6
5 Aasjol
15.10.2017
Residential 55 45 49.2 39.5
6 Modhera Sun Temple
18.10.2017 Silence 50 40
43.4 36.2
7 Dhanpura 22.10.2017
Residential 55 45
52.2 40.4
8 Sujanpura
25.10.2017
Residential 55 45 48.4 42.6
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 47
3.4.7 Water Environment
Water sampling locations were selected based on approved ToR i.e. within 10 km radius of
the project site. Total five surface water sampling locations and ten ground water locations
were identified. The water sampling locations and results are given below:
Figure 3.9: Surface Water Sampling Locations
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 48
Table 3.12: Surface Water Quality Results
Under the bridge near vill Aasjol (Canal)
Near Modhera Vill (Canal) Near Karansagar Vill (River
Khari) Near Sujanpura Vill (River
Khari) Near Ranchhodpura (River
Rupen)
Sl. No.
Parametera Units of Measure
ments Oct 17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Oct.17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Oct.17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec.
1 Colour
Hazen Units <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
2 Odour -
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
3 Taste -
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
Not Done*
4 Turbidity NTU 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.5 3.5 2.9 2.6 3.6 3.0 3.0 4.2 3.4 2.4 3.3 2.7
5 pH - 7.81 7.68 7.53 7.75 7.45 7.68 7.77 7.66 7.62 7.82 7.78 7.68 7.92 7.82 7.85
6 Temperature °C 26 25 25 27 26 25 25 25 24 26 25 25 26 25 24
7 Conductivity
µmhos/cm 541 556 609 595 612 670 617 634 695 703 723 792 563 578 634
8 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 196 202 186 216 222 205 223 230 212 255 263 242 204 210 193
9 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 351 361 395 386 397 435 400 412 451 456 469 514 365 375 411
10 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 212 218 208 234 240 228 242 250 238 276 282 270 220 226 216
11 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 138 142 124 152 156 136 158 162 142 180 184 161 144 148 129
12 Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 74 76 84 82 84 92 84 88 96 96 98 109 76 78 87
13 Chloride as Cl mg/l 52 56 62 57 62 68 59 64 71 68 73 81 54 58 64
14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.87 0.81 0.86 0.96 0.89 0.95 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.91 0.88 0.84 0.90 0.84 0.89
15 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 10.50 9.0 9.80 11.6 9.9 10.8 12.0 10.3 11.2 13.7 11.7 12.7 10.9 9.4 10.2
16 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 28 32 34 32 35 38 32 36 40 36 42 44 30 34 36
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 49
17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.78 0.63 0.68 0.86 0.69 0.75 0.89 0.72 0.78 0.74 0.72 0.88 0.81 0.65 0.71
18 Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
19 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
20 Cadmium mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
21 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
22 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
23 Total Arsenic as As
mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
24 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
25 Zinc as Zn, Max mg/l 0.36 0.34 0.38 0.36 0.39 0.34 0.36 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.38
26 Chromium as Cr
+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
27 Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03
28 Manganese as
Mn mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
29 Boron as B mg/l 0.22 0.24 0.20 0.24 0.26 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.23 0.29 0.31 0.26 0.23 0.25 0.21
30 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.15 0.16 0.18
31 Sodium as Na mg/l 40 38 42 44 42 46 46 43 48 52 49 55 42 40 44
32 Potassium as K mg/l 4 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 3 4
33 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.4 5.8 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.5
34 BOD mg/l 6 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 8 10 8 6 8 10
35 COD mg/l 18 22 24 20 24 26 22 26 28 24 32 30 18 26 30
36 Total Coliform MPN/1
00ml 332 356 399 365 392 439 378 406 455 431 463 519 345 370 415
37 Faecal Coliform MPN/1
00ml 98 108 107 114 119 118 112 123 122 122 140 139 81 112 111
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 50
Figure 3.10: Ground Water Sampling Locations
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 51
Table 3.13: Ground Water Sampling Results
Project Site Modhera Chadasna Chhatasana Ruppura Karanpura
SL. No.
Parameters
Units of Measure
ments Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec.
1 Colour Hazen Units <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
2 Odour - Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
3 Taste - Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
4 pH - 7.55 7.64 7.88 7.52 7.62 7.65 7.72 7.65 7.68 7.64 7.54 7.71 7.63 7.55 7.48
5 Temperature °C 25 25 25 27 26 25 27 27 26 26 25 24 26 25 25
6 Conductivity
µmhos/cm 470 491 476 508 530 514 541 565 547 611 638 619 583 609 590
7
Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 174 184 186 188 198 200 200 210 212 226 238 240 216 228 230
8
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 305 319 310 329 345 335 351 367 357 397 415 403 378 396 384
9
Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 172 184 186 186 198 202 198 212 214 224 240 242 213 228 132
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 44.7 44.1 46.1 48.3 47.6 49.8 51.6 50.7 53.0 58.3 57.3 59.9 55.4 54.7 57.2
11
Magnesium as Mg mg/l 14.6 17.9 17.2 15.8 19.3 18.6 16.8 20.6 19.8 19.2 23.6 22.4 18.1 22.2 21.3
12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 48 52 46 52 56 50 55 60 53 62 68 60 60 64 58
13 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.88 0.87 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.78 0.74 0.76 0.88 0.86 0.91 0.92 0.96 0.94
14 Nitrate mg/l 8.0 9.0 9.5 8.6 9.7 10.3 9.2 10.4 10.9 10.4 11.7 12.4 9.9 11.2 11.8
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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as NO3
15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 24 23 20 26 25 22 28 26 24 31 30 26 30 28 25
16 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.66 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.74 0.76 0.75 0.79 0.81 0.85 0.89 0.91 0.81 0.85 0.87
17
Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
18 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
19 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
21
Total Arsenic as As
mg/l
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
22 Lead as Pb
mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
23
Total Chromium as Cr
mg/l
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
24 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.16 0.14 0.11
25 Sodium as Na mg/l 35 36 33 38 39 36 40 41 38 46 46 43 43 44 41
26 Potassium as K mg/l 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 6 3
30
Total Coliform
MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
31
Faecal Coliform
MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 53
Table 3.14: Ground Water Sampling Results
Palej Jetpur Aasjol Venpura Dhanpura
SL. No.
Parameters
Units of Measure
ments Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec.
1 Colour Hazen Units <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
2 Odour - Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
3 Taste - Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
Agreeable
4 pH - 7.82 7.74 7.68 7.63 7.58 7.74 7.52 7.61 7.50 7.52 7.46 7.60 7.66 7.74 7.75
5 Temperature °C 27 27 26 26 25 25 27 26 26 28 27 26 31 31 31
6 Conductivity
µmhos/cm 555 579 562 667 697 676 517 540 524 526 550 533 573 599 581
7
Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 204 214 218 248 262 258 164 174 186 168 178 188 182 194 206
8
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 360 376 366 433 453 440 336 351 341 342 357 347 372 389 378
9
Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 202 216 220 244 260 264 188 202 206 192 206 208 210 224 228
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 52.4 52.0 54.4 63.5 62.6 65.5 49.0 48.5 50.8 50.1 49.4 51.6 54.7 53.8 56.2
11
Magnesium as Mg mg/l 17.2 21.1 20.3 20.7 25.4 24.4 16.1 19.7 18.9 16.4 20.0 19.3 17.8 21.8 21.3
12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 58 62 54 68 74 65 54 58 52 54 58 52 60 64 56
13 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.88 0.84 0.82 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.87 0.86 0.91 0.78 0.84 0.82 0.91 0.95 0.94
14 Nitrate mg/l 9.4 10.6 11.2 11.4 12.8 13.5 8.8 9.9 10.5 9.0 10.1 10.6 9.8 11.0 11.6
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals
Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 54
as NO3
15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 28 27 23 34 33 28 26 25 22 27 26 22 30 28 25
16 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.77 0.81 0.83 0.71 0.68 0.74 0.72 0.76 0.77 0.73 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.84 0.85
17
Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
18 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
19 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
21
Total Arsenic as As
mg/l
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
22 Lead as Pb
mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
23
Total Chromium as Cr
mg/l
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
24 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.19 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.16 0.13 0.12
25 Sodium as Na mg/l 41 42 39 50 51 47 40 39 36 39 40 37 43 44 40
26 Potassium as K mg/l 4 5 3 5 6 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 4
30
Total Coliform
MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
31
Faecal Coliform
MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 55
3.4.8 Biological Environment
The biological environment is an important component of the environment of any area. It
covers flora & fauna in the region, details of forests and wildlife sanctuaries in the region,
with list of endangered species. These components are addressed in details in the following
sections:
Flora & Fauna
Flora and fauna are important components of the environment. They are organized into
natural communities with natural dependencies among their members and show various
responses and sensitivities to anthropogenic activities. Flora and fauna describes information
on various species of trees, plants, shrubs, crops and natural vegetation, animal, birds etc. and
endangered species.
A list of flora recorded during the field survey is given in Table 3.15- Table 3.18. A list of
avi-faunas and animal species found during survey is presented Table 3.19 to Table 3.23.
Table 3.15: Large Trees species found in Study area
SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name
1 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Australian Baval 2 Acacia caiechu Mimosaceae Khair 3 Acacia nilotica subsp.Indica Mimosaceae Baval 4 Albizzia lebeck Mimosaceae Siris 5 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Limdo 7 Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Nilgiri 8 Ficus virens Moraceae Pipli 9 Leucena leucocephala Mimosaceae Pardesi Baval 10 Parkinsonia aculeata Caesalpiniaceae Ram Baval 11 Peltophorum pterocarpum Caesalpiniaceae Tamrafali 12 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Karanj 13 Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Gando Baval 14 Prosopis spicigewra Mimosaceae Khijado 15 roystonea regia Arecaceae Royal Palm 16 Salvadora aleoides Salvodoraceae Pilvo 17 Salvadora persica Salvodoraceae Pilvo 18 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Rato Sarasdo
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Table 3.16: Shrubs found in Study area SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name 1 Cadaba indica Capparidaceae Telio Hemkand 2 Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae Akdo 3 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Akdo 4 Capparis sepiaria Capparidaceae Kerdo 5 Capparis sepiaria Capparidaceae Kanthar 6 Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae Thor 7 Ipomoea fistulosa Convolvulaceae Nafatio 8 Nerium indicum Apocynaceae Lal Karen 9 Zizyphus rotundifolia Rhamnaceae Chani Bor
Table 3.17: Herbs found in Study area SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name 1 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Khapat 3 Cassia pumila Caesalpiniaceae Nai Chimed 4 Cenchrus setigerus Poaceae Dhaman Ghas 5 Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Chil 6 Chloris barbata Poaceae Mindadin 7 Clitoria ternatea Fabaceae Gokern 8 Cynodon cretica Convolvulaceae Rudanti 9 Cynodon doctylon Poaceae Darbh 11 Daemia extensa Asclepiadaceae Chamar Dudheli 12 Echinops echinatus Asteraceae Shulio 13 Heliotropium supinum Boraginaceae Ghedio Okharad 14 Heteropogon contortus Poaceae Dabhsuliu 15 Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Nali Ni Bhaji 16 Nymphaea stellata Nymphaeaceae Poyana 17 Triumfeitta rotundifolia Tiliaceae Gol Zipti 18 Typha angustata Typhaceae Ramban 19 Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Gokhru
Table 3.18: Agricultural Crops found in Study area
SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name 1 Triticum aestivum Poaceae Gehu 2 Oryza sativa Poaceae Chokha 3 Sorghum vulgare Poaceae Bajra 4 Gossypium herbaceum Malvaceae Kapas 5 Cuminum cyminum Apiaceae Jiru
Table 3.19: Amphibian in Study area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Euphllyctis cyanophlytis Skipper Frog IV 2 Bufo melanostictus Common Indian Toad IV
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
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Table 3.20: Reptiles in Study Area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Calotes versicolor Calotes IV 2 Mabuya carinata skink IV 3 Hemidoctylus flaviviridi Wall Lizard IV 4 Ptyas mucous Rat snake IV 5 Naja naja Cobra II
Table 3.21: Birds Spices found in Study Area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Ardeola grayii Pond Heron IV 2 Bulbulcus ibis Cattle Egret IV 4 Vanellus indicus Red Wattled Lapwing IV 5 Himantopus himantopus Blackwinged Stilt IV 7 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove IV 8 Streptopila tranquebarica Red Turtle Dove IV
SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 9 Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon IV
10 Alcedo athis Common Kingfisher IV 14 Corvus splendens House Crow V 15 Acredotheres tristis Common Myna IV 16 Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bilbul IV 17 Turdoides striatus Jungle babbler IV 19 Passar domesticus House Sparrow IV
Table 3.22: Mammals in Study area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Funnambulus pennati Palm Squirrel IV 2 Herpestes edwardsii Mongoose IV
Table 3.23: Annelida in Study area
SN Scientific Name Common Name 1 Acheta domesticus House Cricket 2 Blatta germanica Cockroach 3 Musca domestica House Fly 4 Anopheles sp. Mosquito 6 Culex Sp. Mosquito 7 Eurema hecabe simulata Common Grass Yellow 8 Euploea core core Common Crow 9 Pheidole sp. Black Ant 10 Oecophylla smar Red Ant
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
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11 Vespa sp. Wasp 12 Bombus sp. Bumble Bee 13 Stegodyphus sarasinorum Social Spider 14 Phidippus punjabensis Jumping Spider 15 Oxyopes shweta Lynx Spider 16 Hippasa sp. Funnel 17 Pardosa mukundi Wolf Spider 18 Lycosa sp. Wolf Spider 19 Argiope anasuja Garden Spider
Forests & Wildlife
There is no forest land within 10 km radial zone around the project field. There are 4 National
Parks and 21 Wildlife Sanctuaries in Gujarat; however, none of them are falling in the study
area. Even District Mehsana does not have any National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. The
Forest Area Map of Gujarat is shown in Figure 3.11 Error! Reference source not found.
and National Parks with Wildlife Sanctuaries Map of Gujarat is shown in Figure 3.12.
Protected Areas
There are no protected areas near the project area. However, there is a Sun Temple dedicated
to the solar deity Surya located at Modhera village. It is situated on the bank of the river
Pushpavati. It was built in 1026-27 AD during the reign of Bhima I of the Chaulukya
dynasty. No worship is offered now and is protected monument maintained by
Archaeological Survey of India. The temple complex has three components: Gudhamandapa,
the shrine hall; Sabhamandapa, the assembly hall and Kunda, the reservoir. The halls have
intricately carved exterior and pillars. The reservoir has steps to reach bottom and numerous
small shrines (Source: Internet). There are no other monuments of historical importance
within the study area.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Figure 3.11: Forest Map of Gujarat (Source: Internet)
Figure 3.12: Map of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in Gujarat (Source:
Internet)
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 60
3.4.9 Socio-Economic Environment
The study area describes the circles of radius 10 km around the project site located at village
Matresan in the Mehsana district of Gujarat state. There is no any National Park/ Wildlife
Sanctuary or Reserved Forest (RF) in the study area. The land use pattern of the study area is
presented in the table below:
Table 3.24: Table: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area
S. No. Land Use Pattern Area (In Hec.)
1 Forest Land 82.1
2 Non-agricultural uses Land 838.9
3 Barren/Un-culturable Land 1,831.2
4 Permanent Pastures & Other Grazing Land 2,827.9
5 Miscellaneous Tree Crops Land 435.8
6 Culturable Waste Land 1,551.1
7 Fallows Land (Other than Current Fallows) 1,116.3
8 Current Fallows Land 3,259.2
9 Net Area Sown 32,787.6
10 Total Un-irrigated Land 11,836.8
11 Total Land Irrigated by Sources 20,950.9
11 (a) Land Irrigated by Canals 2,076.5
20,950.9 11 (b) Land Irrigated by Wells/Tube wells 18,729.2
11 (c) Land Irrigated by Tanks/Lakes 145.2
In the study area, there are about 59 identified villages, which are distributed in three
different districts of Gujarat namely Mehsana, Patan and Ahmadabad. Out of these 59
identified habitations, 50 habitations are falling in four sub-districts of Mehsana district
whereas eight habitations in two sub-districts of Patan and only one habitation in one sub-
district of Ahmadabad district. All the identified habitations configuring approximately
21,276 households with population of almost 1,00,909. Based on number of households, the
largest habitation identified is Modhera which is a village with 1,372 households having total
population of 6,373 distributed as 3,335 males and 3,038 females located in Becharaji sub-
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
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district of Mehsana district. The second largest habitation identified based on number of
households is Vadavli which is also a village with 1,172 households which constituting
population of 5,169 with 2,623 males and 2,546 females located in Chanasma sub-district of
Patan district. In the same manner, the third largest habitation identified is village Balol with
1,161 households having total population of 5,374 distributed as 2,806 males and 2,568
females located at sub-district & district Mehsana.
Whereas, based on number of households the smallest habitation/village identified is Vanpur
with 26 households constituting the village population of 143 with 64 males and 79 females
located in Bhecharaji sub-district of Mehsana district. Similarly, the second smallest
habitation/village identified is Haripura with 62 households having village population of 237
with 121 males and 116 females located in Kadi sub-district of Mehsana district. The third
smallest habitation/village identified is Mesra with 77 households having the village
population 355 with 176 males and 179 females located at Chanasma sub-district of Patan
district. The top three highest literacy rate is observed in villages Rampura (93.9%) followed
by Gamanpura (93.6%) and Dedarda (92.8%) in Mehsana district. Similarly, the bottom
three literacy rate is observed in villages Ruppura Karanpura (58.9%) followed by Poyda
(60.5%) in Mehsana district and Bhalgam (63.4%).
Mehsana district is one of the 33 districts of Gujarat state. Mehsana city is the administrative
headquarters of the district. The district borders with Banaskantha district in the north, Patan
and Surendranagar districts in west, Gandhinagar and Ahmadabad districts in south and
Sabarkantha district in the east. The district is divided into nine talukas viz. Satlasna,
Kheralu, Unjha, Visnagar, Vadnagar, Vijapur, Mehsana, Becharaji and Kadi. The major crops
in the district are Potato, Cotton, Tobacco, Oilseeds, Caster Seeds, Cumin, Psyllium and
Anise. Asia’s second largest dairy farm ‘Dudhsagar Milk Co-operative Dairy and largest
market yard ‘Unjha’ is located in Mehsana. Sun Temple at Modhera village is an important
tourist destination of Mehsana district. Mehsana district is the largest producer of Lemon in
the Gujarat state contributing 24 per cent to total production of the state. The district is the
third largest producer of Tomatoes with nine per cent share in total vegetable production of
the state. The district is the largest producer of Fennel Seed with 36 % contribution in total
spice production of the state. There are more than 70 medium and large scale industries in
Mehsana district primarily operating in Engineering, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Dairy
products, Oil and Textiles sectors. There are around 7,183 small scale industries operating in
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
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Mehsana district operating in Chemicals, Textiles, Rubber & Plastic articles, Metals,
Repairing services, Food & Agro processing and Engineering Sector.
As per Census of India 2011, the district has a total population of 20,35,064 out of which
males constitute 10,56,520 and females 9,78,544 of the total population. The district has an
average literacy rate of 84.26 % with male literacy of 91.88 % and female literacy of 76.12
%. In Mehsana, about 11 per cent of population is under 6 years of age. Population density of
district is 462/ sq. km and ranked 10th among the state. Sex ratio of the district is 926 and
position in the state is 17th. The people of study area residing in this part of the district largely
belong to Hindu community comprising Brahmins and Jats. These people prefer colorful
attires especially in their cultural events. Chorno and Kediyu are the traditional wear for gents
and Chaniya Choli is for women. Gujarati is the main communicative language of the local
people along with Hindi as a second most popular local language. People are allured towards
their folk dance & music which runs in their vein. Garba, Rass, Garbi and Dandiya are some
of the prime cultural dances enjoying by the people of this part of the study area.
The second district which is part of the study area is Patan, located in northern Gujarat. The
district is spread across seven talukas viz. Santalpur, Patan, Chanasma, Harji, Sami,
Radhanpur and Sidhpur. The focused industry sectors in this region are food processing,
paper & pulp and cotton based industries. The region is famous for ‘Patola’ Sarees. The
Patan’s Patola is one of the finest hand woven textile materials produced. Economy of the
district is mainly agrarian. Major food crops, oil seeds and fruits produced in the district
include wheat, bajri, pulses, cereals, cotton, castor, rape, mustard, citrus fruits, guava,
pomegranates, papaya etc. Vegetable crops such as Potato, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cowpea,
Tomato, Cauliflower and Cluster Bean are cultivated in the district. Sectors such as Oil &
Gas, Agro & Food Processing, Tourism and Civil Aviation have attracted major investments
in the district. Small Scale Industry sectors like cotton based textiles, food processing, paper
& pulp industry and vegetable oil mills are the supporting pillars of the district economy. As
per the Census of India 2011, the district has population of 13,43,734 of which 6,94,397
males and 6,49,337 females. The overall sex ratio is 935 females per 1000 males. The child
sex ratio (0-6 Age) is 890 girls per 1000 boys. The district has an average literacy rate of
72.30 % with male literacy of 82.90 % and female literacy of 61.05 %. The population
density of the district is 232/sq. km.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
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The third district falling in the study area is Ahmadabad, in the central part of the Gujarat
state. The district headquarters, Ahmadabad is the largest city in Gujarat and seventh largest
urban agglomeration in India. The district is spread across ten talukas viz. Barwala, Daskroi,
Dholka, Dhandhuka, Detroj, Sanand, Bavla, Ranpur, Mandal and Viramgam. Ahmedabad is
an industrial base for sectors such as textiles, chemicals, drugs & pharmaceuticals and agro &
food processing industries and is popularly known as the ‘Manchester of India’. Textiles and
Chemicals have been the major sectors of investment and employment in the district since
long time. Major crops being produced in the district are cucurbits, cabbage, cumin, citrus
and cotton. According to Census of India 2011, the district has a population of 72,14,225 of
which 37,88,051 males and 34,26,174 females. The overall sex ratio is 904 females per 1000
males. The child sex ratio (0-6 Age) is 857 girls per 1000 boys. The district has an average
literacy rate of 85.31% with male literacy of 90.74% and female literacy of 79.35%. The
population density of the district is 890/sq. km.
District wise list of habitations/villages identified in the study area is given in the table
below:
Table 3.25: List of Villages in the Study Area District: Mehsana
S. No. Villages S. No. Villages S. No. Villages
01 Matrasan 18 Saduthla 35 Chhatasana 02 Modhera 19 Haripura 36 Virsoda
03 Balol 20 Edala 37 Ruppura Karanpura
04 Palaj 21 Delpura Khant
38 Matrasan
05 Nadasa 22 Ganeshpura 39 Asjol
06 Martoli 23 Kalri 40 Tejpura
07 Katosan 24 Pratapgadh 41 Santhal
08 Rantej 25 Devgadh 42 Dhanpura
09 Ranela 26 Chadasna 43 Karansagar
10 Gambhu 27 Dethli 44 Ajabpura
11 Vijapurda 28 Bariyaf 45 Ranchhodpura
12 Dedarda 29 Akba 46 Venpura
13 Jetpur 30 Indrap 47 Vanpur
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14 Udela 31 Dharpura-Khant
48 Gokalpura
15 Kanoda 32 Delvada Khant
49 Rampura
16 Deloli 33 Poyda 50 Ijpura Barot
17 Gamanpura 34 Sujanpura
District: Patan
S. No. Villages S. No. Villages S. No. Villages
01 Maniyari 04 Chhamichha 07 Bhalgam
02 Mesra 05 Vadavli 08 Mervada
03 Panchasar 06 Khokhla
District: Ahmadabad
S. No. Villages TOTAL= 59
01 Dabhsar
Baseline Data
The baseline data with respect to population and amenities available in the study area has
been worked out as under:
I. Demographic Particulars:
Table 3.26: Demographic Particulars/Population Details of the Study Area
S. No. Description Number Percentage to Respective Total
1 Total Population 1,00,909 100.0
Male 51,747 51.3
Female 49,162 48.7
Sex Ratio 950
2 Population (0-6 age group) 12,101 100.0
Male 6,455 53.3
Female 5,646 46.7
Sex Ratio 875
3 Population of Scheduled Caste Community
7,642 100.0
Male 3,926 51.4
Female 3,716 48.6
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Sex Ratio 947
4 Population of Scheduled Tribe Community
94 100.0
Male 11 11.7
Female 83 88.3
Sex Ratio 7,545
5 Population of General Community (including OBC)
93,173 100.0
Male 47,810 51.3
Female 45,363 48.7
Sex Ratio 949
6 Total No. of Households 21,276
Average Household Size 5
7 Total Literates 69,041 100.0
Male 40,351 58.4
Female 28,690 41.6
Overall Literacy Rate 77.7
Male 89.1
Female 65.9
Gender Gap in Literacy Rate 23.2
8 Total Workers 44,345 100.0
Male 29,501 66.5
Female 14,844 33.5
Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate 33.0
9 Main Workers 37,039 100.0
Male 27,670 74.7
Female 9,369 25.3
Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate 49.4
10 Marginal Workers 7,306 100.0
Male 1,831 25.1
Female 5,475 74.9
Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate -49.8
11 Household Industrial Workers 460 100.0
Male 243 52.8
Female 217 47.8
12 Total Agricultural Workers 32,046 100.0
Male 22,109 69.0
Female 9,937 31.0
12 (a) Cultivators 13,679 100.0
Male 11,699 85.5
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Source: Census 2011
Population Composition
According to Census 2011, total population of the study area has been worked out to
1,00,909. The gender wise distribution of the above population is 51,747 (51.3 per cent) male
and 49,162 (48.7 per cent) female. The overall sex ratio in the study area has been worked out
to 950 females per 1,000 males.
Village wise population distribution with sex ratio is given in the table below:
Table 3.27: Village wise Population Distribution with Sex Ratio S.
No. Village
Population Sex Ratio Total Male Female
01 Dabhsar 1,310 666 644 967
02 Maniyari 2,090 1,067 1,023 959
03 Mesra 355 176 179 1,017
04 Panchasar 1,154 593 561 946
05 Chhamichha 1,885 965 920 953
06 Vadavli 5,169 2,623 2,546 971
07 Khokhla 806 417 389 933
08 Bhalgam 1,241 660 581 880
Female 1,980 14.5
12 (b) Agricultural Labour 18,367 100.0
Male 10,410 56.7
Female 7,957 43.3
13 ‘Other Workers’ 11,839 100.0
Male 7,149 60.4
Female 4690 39.6
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09 Mervada 1,339 690 649 941
10 Matrasan 887 479 408 852
11 Modhera 6,373 3,335 3,038 911
12 Balol 5,374 2,806 2,568 915
13 Palaj 2,137 1,091 1,046 959
14 Nadasa 2,642 1,357 1,285 947
15 Martoli 1,369 710 659 928
16 Katosan 4,242 2,184 2,058 942
17 Rantej 3,193 1,641 1,552 946
18 Ranela 2,267 1,095 1,172 1,070
19 Gambhu 4,015 2,072 1,943 938
20 Vijapurda 1,105 550 555 1,009
21 Dedarda 464 235 229 974
22 Jetpur 2,644 1,370 1,274 930
23 Udela 348 186 162 871
24 Kanoda 1,694 897 797 889
25 Deloli 1,753 893 860 963
26 Gamanpura 1,478 778 700 900
27 Saduthla 1,672 838 834 995
28 Haripura 237 121 116 959
29 Edala 1,740 901 839 931
30 Delpura Khant 1,542 791 751 949
31 Ganeshpura 1,655 851 804 945
32 Kalri 1,891 976 915 938
33 Pratapgadh 556 274 282 1,029
34 Devgadh 614 316 298 943
35 Chadasna 2,097 1,077 1,020 947
36 Dethli 1,351 695 656 944
37 Bariyaf 835 439 396 902
38 Akba 1,665 867 798 920
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39 Indrap 810 433 377 871
40 Dharpura-Khant 2,211 1,087 1,124 1,034
41 Delvada Khant 2,283 1,115 1,168 1,048
42 Poyda 965 484 481 994
43 Sujanpura 1,002 489 513 1,049
44 Chhatasana 754 401 353 880
45 Virsoda 1,665 877 788 899
46 Ruppura Karanpura 2,863 1,410 1,453 1,030
47 Matrasan 887 479 408 852
48 Asjol 2,379 1,244 1,135 912
49 Tejpura 1,233 615 618 1,005
50 Santhal 3,966 2,045 1,921 939
51 Dhanpura 478 245 233 951
52 Karansagar 1,193 612 581 949
53 Ajabpura 1,128 577 551 955
54 Ranchhodpura 666 338 328 970
55 Venpura 1,017 502 515 1,026
56 Vanpur 143 64 79 1,234
57 Gokalpura 578 283 295 1,042
58 Rampura 838 426 412 967
59 Ijpura Barot 661 339 322 950
TOTAL 1,00,909 51,747 49,162 950
Source: Census 2011
Child Population Distribution
In the study area, the total child population of age group of 0-6 age group has been worked
out to 12,101 which constitute 12.0 per cent of the total population. Of the total child
population, 53.3 per cent are boys and remaining 46.7 per cent are girl child. The child sex
ratio in the age group (0-6) is 875 girls per 1,000 boys.
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Source: Census 2011
Social Group Population Distribution
In the study area, Scheduled Caste population is 7,642 which constitute about 7.6 per cent of
total population of the study area. Of this, 51.4 per cent is male and remaining 48.6 per cent is
female. The sex ratio among Scheduled Caste population has been worked out to 947 females
per 1,000 males. There are five villages namely Haripura, Pratapgarh, Dharpura-Kant,
Poyda and Vanpur among all the identified habitations where no Scheduled Caste population
subsists.
Further, the Scheduled Tribe population in the study area is just about 94 which represent
only about 0.1 per cent of the total population. Of the total Scheduled Tribe population, 11.7
per cent is male and 88.3 per cent is female. There are only six villages namely Vadavli,
Modhera, Balol, Ranela, Vijapurda and Santhal where the population of this community
subsists. It has been observed that in village Ranela in Mehsana district there are 72
scheduled caste people out of which only two are males and rest 70 are females which
outlined as a residual part among the total population belonging to this community. Also, out
of those six villages there are two villages namely Vadavli and Vijapurda where no male
persons subsist. Consequently the respective sex ratio among the community is affecting at
large scale. Therefore, excluding this residual i.e., the particular village community
population, the sex ratio among the Scheduled Tribe population has been worked out to 1,444
females per 1,000 males. Village wise population distribution with sex ratio in this
community is given in the table below:
Table 3.28: Village wise Scheduled Tribe Population Distribution with Sex Ratio S. No. Village Population Sex
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Total Male Female Ratio 01 Vadavli 01 00 01 -
02 Modhera 07 03 04 1,333
03 Balol 05 02 03 1,500
04 Ranela 72 02 70 35,000
05 Vijapurda 01 00 01 -
06 Santhal 08 04 04 1,000
TOTAL 94 11 83 7,545
Furthermore, the population of ‘General Category’ including ‘Other Backward Caste (OBC)’
has been worked out to 93,173 which comprises about 92.3 per cent of total population of the
study area. Of this, 51.3 per cent is male and remaining 48.7 per cent is female. The sex ratio
among this segment of population has been worked out to 949 females per 1,000 males.
Household and Household Size
The entire population of the study area is distributed into approx. 21,276 households and the
overall average household size is five. At village level, it has been observed that the lowest
average household size is four whereas that of the highest is six.
Literates, Literacy Rate and Gender Gap in Literacy Rate
In the study area, 68.4 per cent of the population is literate. The gender wise distribution of
literates is male 58.4 per cent and female 41.6 per cent. The overall literacy rate in the study
area has been worked out to 77.7 per cent. The male literacy rate is 89.1 per cent and female
literacy rate is 65.9 per cent, creating a gender gap in literacy rate of 23.2 per cent. The three
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highest literacy rates is observed in the villages Rampura with 93.9 per cent followed by
Gamanpura (93.6%) and Dedarda (92.8%) whereas that of the three lowest is observed in the
villages Ruppura Karanpura, Poyda and Dabhsar/Bhalgam with literacy rates of 58.9 %,
60.5% and 63.4% respectively.
Source: Census 2011
Workers and Work Participation Rate
Based on Census 2011, total number of workers in the study area has been worked out to
44,345 which constitute 43.9 per cent of the total population. Of the total workers, 66.5 per
cent are males and the remaining 33.5 per cent are females. In absolute term, the total number
of male workers is 29,501 and that of female is 14,844. The gender gap in work participation
rate is 33.0 per cent.
Further, of the total workers 83.5 per cent are Main Workers and the remaining 16.5 per cent
are Marginal Workers. Of the total Main Workers, 74.7 per cent are male and the remaining
25.3 per cent are female. The gender gap in work participation rate among the main workers
is 49.4 per cent. In case of Marginal Workers, 25.1 per cent are male and 74.9 per cent are
female which creates a gender gap in work participation rate of minus (-) 49.8 per cent, which
indicates that in case of marginal workers, women’s participation, is larger than that of
men’s.
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Source: Census 2011
Village wise distribution of working population is given in the table below:
Table 3.29: Village wise Working Population
S. No. Village Workers
Total Main Marginal
01 Dabhsar 700 445 255
02 Maniyari 752 672 80
03 Mesra 133 131 02
04 Panchasar 448 431 17
05 Chhamichha 760 624 136
06 Vadavli 2,157 1,937 220
07 Khokhla 475 472 03
08 Bhalgam 810 385 425
09 Mervada 688 667 21
10 Matrasan 518 509 09
11 Modhera 2,538 2,508 30
12 Balol 2,284 2,099 185
13 Palaj 1,201 1,165 36
14 Nadasa 1,035 985 50
15 Martoli 802 523 279
16 Katosan 1,507 1,317 190
17 Rantej 1,008 999 09
18 Ranela 1,227 1,161 66
19 Gambhu 2,061 1,610 451
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20 Vijapurda 337 263 74
21 Dedarda 231 122 109
22 Jetpur 1,479 727 752
23 Udela 175 107 68
24 Kanoda 565 545 20
25 Deloli 914 723 191
26 Gamanpura 513 497 16
27 Saduthla 739 707 32
28 Haripura 133 133 00
29 Edala 550 504 46
30 Delpura Khant 962 961 01
31 Ganeshpura 695 648 47
32 Kalri 698 697 01
33 Pratapgadh 239 206 33
34 Devgadh 253 253 00
35 Chadasna 707 671 36
36 Dethli 572 468 104
37 Bariyaf 310 309 01
38 Akba 525 418 107
39 Indrap 403 402 01
40 Dharpura-Khant 1,285 765 520
41 Delvada Khant 759 616 143
42 Poyda 397 235 162
43 Sujanpura 362 295 67
44 Chhatasana 516 341 175
45 Virsoda 670 602 68
46 Ruppura Karanpura 1,002 733 269
47 Matrasan 518 509 09
48 Asjol 1,241 747 494
49 Tejpura 464 324 140
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50 Santhal 1,808 1,331 477
51 Dhanpura 144 76 68
52 Karansagar 639 463 176
53 Ajabpura 414 397 17
54 Ranchhodpura 298 130 168
55 Venpura 557 552 05
56 Vanpur 85 47 38
57 Gokalpura 376 200 176
58 Rampura 350 319 31
59 Ijpura Barot 356 356 00
TOTAL 44,345 37,039 7,306
Source: Census 2011
The workers are further divided into Agricultural Workers, Household Industrial Workers
and ‘Other Workers’. Their shares in the total workers are 72.3 per cent, 1.0 per cent and 26.7
per cent respectively.
Source: Census 2011
Of the inhabitants working in agricultural sector, 11.4 per cent are Cultivators who possess
cultivable land and the remaining 88.6 per cent are Agricultural Labour, who does not
possess land but work in the land owned by big farmers as wage earners or share cropper.
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Source: Census 2011
II. BASIC AMENITIES:
Table 3.30: Basic Amenities Available in the Study Area EDUCATION
Educational Institutions
Type of Institutes Number
Pre-primary School (Pvt.) 01
Primary School (Govt. & Pvt.) 79
Secondary School (Govt.) 15
Senior Secondary School (Govt. & Pvt.) 08
HEALTH
Health Facilities
Type of Facilities Number
Hospital (Alternative) 02
Hospital (Veterinary) 02
Dispensary 02
Non-Govt. Medical Facilities (For In & Out Patient)
01
Non-Govt. Medical Facilities (For Out Patient) 01
Primary Health Centre 05
Primary Health Sub-Centre 19
WATER
Drinking Water
Means of Drinking Water No. of Habitations where the facility available
Tap (Untreated) 59
Hand Pump 06 Tube Well 50
Well (Covered) 13
Well (Uncovered) 08
ELECTRICITY
Electricity Supply Power for Domestic Uses 59
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Power for Agriculture Uses 59
Power for Commercial or Industrial Uses
59
ROAD
Approach Road
Black Topped (Paved/Pucca) Road
57
Gravel (Mud/Kachcha) Road 42
Footpath Road 59
TRANSPORTATION
Road Transportation
Public Bus Services 59
Private Bus Services 09
Auto Services 30
Taxi Services 16
Source: Census 2011
Other amenities available: Agricultural Credit Society, Nutritional Centre (Anganwadi),
ASHA, Public Distribution System (PDS) Shops, Agricultural Marketing Society,
Nationalized Bank, Cooperative Bank, Post Offices, Internet Cafe, Public Telephone Booths,
Private Courier Facility, Self-Help Group (SHG), Public Library and Public Reading Rooms
etc.
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CHAPTER-4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts and
Mitigation Measures
4.1 Impacts
Matrix methodology has been adopted for the impact assessment of this project. This method
incorporates a list of activities and their likely environmental impacts, presented in a matrix
format. Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix allows the
identification of cause-effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and impacts. In
this case, the entries of the matrix are qualitative estimates of these cause-effect relationships.
Table 4.1 summarizes the interactions between the proposed project and the sensitivities of
the local and regional environment. At this stage, the interactions are not quantified but
simply identified for further consideration in the environmental impact assessment.
Table 4.1: Impact Matrix
Impacts due to Project Activities
Environmental Sensitivities
Physical Biological Socio-Economic
So
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t
Wat
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1. Site Selection
2. Site Preparation & Installation of Facilities
X X
3. Road Construction
X
X
X
X
X X X
4. Drilling Operation
X X X X X
a. Physical
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Impacts due to Project Activities
Environmental Sensitivities
Physical Biological Socio-Economic
So
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Wat
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ity
Air
Qu
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Flo
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Presence
b. Noise & Vibration
X X X X X
c. Atmospheric Emissions
X X
d. Waste Water Generation
X
e. Solid / Hazardous waste disposal
X X X X
f. Impact on Land due to Drilling
X X
g. Socio-economic impacts due to Drilling Operation
X X
4.1.1 The Major Activities that may have Impact on Environment
Physical Presence: The rig support equipments can represent a temporary obstacle to other
activities including the movement of wild animals.
Atmospheric Emissions: Routine emission to ambient air results from the operation of DG
sets to be used for power generation. Generally the testing of the well also results in emission
to atmosphere by the way of flaring of produced hydrocarbons.
Noise & Vibration: Noise and vibration is expected to be generated from DG sets and mud
pumps during drilling operation.
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Wastewater Generation: Waste water is expected to be generated from the operations, in
the form of excess drilling fluid discharge and also from domestic uses.
Solid/ Hazardous Waste Disposal: Waste includes spent mud, wastewater, drill cuttings,
sewage and garbage/refuse (solid waste). These will be collected and transferred for disposal.
Impact on Land due to Drilling: Soil compaction due to equipment transport and
movement off-road vehicles during drilling activity could result in loss of topsoil and
decrease in soil productivity. Soil contamination due to spillage of liquids from drilling
activities, surface disturbance associated with activities such as road construction, well pads,
and removal of vegetation.
4.2 Assessment of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
4.2.1 Physical Presence
The drilling sites will be located on a small platform and the undulations around the platform
will be leveled by earthmoving machinery. Pits for drilling mud, sludge and waste water will
also have to be constructed. Site-preparation shall take place in parallel with the road-
construction. Once the site has been prepared and the drilling equipment set up, the
disturbance level is likely to go down.
Drilling will be confined to a relatively small area and staff will be restricted to the fenced
location or along the access road. Overall, experience shows that interference can be avoided
over the short drilling period by introducing good management practices and the impact of
the physical presence of the drilling program is anticipated to be negligible.
4.2.2 Noise and Vibration
For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogeneous loss free medium, the
noise levels at various locations from different sources can be estimated by using the relation:
Lp2 = Lp1 20 log (r2/rl) – Ae1,2.
Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound levels at two points located at distances r1 and r2 from the
source. Ae1, 2 is the excess attenuation due to environmental conditions. Combined effect of
all the sources then can be determined at various locations by using the principle of
logarithmic addition:
Lptotal = 10 log (10(Lp1/10) + 10(Lp2/10) + 10(Lp3/10) + ………)
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The noise generated due to the diesel engines operating the rig along with the mud circulation
system is considered the most significant of the noise generating sources in the drilling
operation. Generally, the noise sources in a drilling well are scattered within an area of about
100 m x 100 m. It may be noted that the drilling operations will be carried out at a distance of
more than 1 km away from human habitation. Thus the noise pollution can be considered as
negligible for the nearest human habitation.
The noise propagation modeling performed for noise generation due to operation of the diesel
engines shows the following exposure levels (Table 4.2) in terms of the occupational and
human settlement exposure levels.
Table 4.2: Occupational and Human Exposure Levels
Type of exposure Predicted exposure level dB( A)
1. Occupational exposure
Leq (8 h) at drilling platform (rig, mud circulation system, Diesel engines)
104
Leq (8 h) at the site boundary (about 40 m from drilling platform)
64
2. Human settlement exposure
Leq (24 h) at villages 0.5 km or more away 54 (day) 47 (night)
The background noise level in the rural/ residential areas has been observed in the range of
45.4-54.5 dB (A) during daytime (Chapter 3) and 37.5 – 44.0 dB (A) during nighttime.
The damage risk criteria for hearing, as enforced by OSHA, USA, stipulate that noise levels
up to 90 dB (A) are acceptable for 8-hour exposure per day. In this context, it is to be noted
that:
At places, excepting the drill floor and near the mud pumps, continuous
attendance of workers is not required. Hence, the workers, other than those working at the
drilling platform, will not be exposed to continuously high noise levels.
The noise level at the drilling platform is of concern from occupational health
consideration and adequate protective measures aimed at reducing the effect of noise levels
will have to be taken for these workers.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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The noise levels predicted for the human settlements will be below the levels
specified by the CPCB for residential areas.
4.2.3 Air Environment There is no area sources considered for the purposes of impact predictions on air
environment. The point sources identified are diesel engines/generator sets at drill site and
flaring of gas subsequent to drilling, in the event of striking oil/gas. In this respect, the
following are taken into consideration:
The diesel engines and associated generators will be in operation 24 hours a day
during the drilling period, to provide power to the drilling rig, and mud circulation system
and for providing power to accommodation units at site.
Low sulphur diesel will be used as a fuel for operation of diesel engines/power
generators.
The gas flaring during testing of wells.
Dispersion Modeling for Emission from Flare Testing
Results obtained from dispersion modeling using similar meteorological conditions were used
to assess the incremental increase in CO, SO2 and NO2 in ambient air. The dispersion model
had considered following possible scenario that is also applicable in the present case:
Flaring at the rate of 15,000 m3/day of natural gas at the drilling site. Such a scenario may
occur in case of an oil well having associated gas.
The dispersion modeling studies conducted for the flaring of natural gas are based on the
following assumptions:
The NO2 emission rate is 1.4 kg/Mg of natural gas flared. (Source: EMEP/EEA
emission inventory guidebook 2013).
The SO2 emission rate is 0.013 kg/Mg of natural gas flared. (Source: EMEP/EEA
emission inventory guidebook 2013).
The CO emission rate is 6.3 kg/Mg of natural gas flared. (Source: EMEP/EEA
emission inventory guidebook 2013).
The flare gas density is 0.8 kg/m3. (Source: EMEP/EEA emission inventory
guidebook 2013).
The heat emission due to the flaring of natural gas is 52.2 KJ/g. (Source: Calorific
Value of Natural Gas).
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The Model
The impact of flaring and emissions from DG Sets on ground-level concentrations (GLCs) of
pollutants in ambient air was predicted using the AERMOD View model. GLCs were
forecast based on the worst meteorological conditions, i.e. high atmospheric stability and low
wind speed.
Results
The GLCs of the pollutants due to flaring are as follows:
Table 4.3: Predicted GLCs due to flaring S.No. Pollutants Incremental
Value, µg/m3 Baseline Data, Max, µg/m3
GLCs , µg/m3
Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3
1 NO2 (24-hr) 2.87 26 28.87 80 2 SO2 (24-hr) 0.026 16 16.026 80 3 CO (1-hr) 71.3 950 1021.3 4000
If we compare the above results with NAAQS 2009 standards, it can be easily inferred that
the flaring will not affect the existing environment very much as it will add very less
pollutants to the available baseline environment. Emission of gases from power generation on
the drill rig is of relatively low volume. Although such power generation emissions will
contribute in a small way to the overall pool of greenhouse and acidic gases in the
atmosphere, totals emitted are relatively small and local environmental effects will be
negligible.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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Figure 4.1: GLC of NO2 (24 Hours) during Flaring
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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Figure 4.2: GLC of SO2 (24 Hours) during Flaring
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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Figure 4.3: GLC of CO (24 Hours) during Flaring
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Dispersion Modeling for Stack Emissions
The only source of emission is from DG Sets used during drilling operation. As a result, stack
emission from generators would constitute mainly NO2, PM and CO. The details of the DG
sets are given in Table 4.3.
Table 4.4: Stack & Emissions Characteristic
Parameters Particulars
No. and Capacity of Generators 4 x 360 KVA
Total HSD Fuel Consumption 170 lit./hr
No. of Stacks 4
Stack Height above the Ground level (m) 30
Stack Diameter (m) 0.3048
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (m/s) 22.85
Flue Gas Exit Temperature (K) 623
Emission Rate (g/s)
NO2 1.78
CO 1.55
Particulate Matter 0.09
Modeling Results
24 Hourly Maximum Ground-Level Concentrations (GLC’s) for the pollutants to maximum
distance (m) in 10 km study area are presented in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5: Predicted Maximum GLCs due to DG Set
Parameter Incremental
Concentration
(g/ m3)
Baseline Data, Max, µg/m3
GLCs, µg/m3 Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3
NO2 (24 hr) 25.6 26 51.6 80
PM (24 hr) 12.9 16 28.9 100
CO (1 hr) 123 950 1073 4000
Similarly with the flaring results, here during DG set operation for drilling the pollutant
emission will be very less as compared to the existing baseline data. This will add only a very
negligibale amount of additional pollutant concentration and hence, the drilling operations
will not cause much pollution.
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Figure 4.4: GLC of NO2 during DG Set Operation
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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Figure 4.5: GLC of PM during DG Set Operation
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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Figure 4.6: GLC of CO-1 hr during DG Set Operation
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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It is to be noted that the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations were located at areas where
some amount of human and other activities were present. Compared to this, the well sites will
be located far from the human settlements and activities, where the parameters are expected
to have even lower values. Thus, the contribution of the drilling activities to the overall
ambient air quality will be insignificant considering the actual background values.
Practical steps to limit atmospheric emissions are undertaken during all drilling operations
and these will be adopted during the drilling program for the proposed exploration wells.
These include:
Advanced planning to ensure efficient operations;
Well maintained and operated equipment and generators;
Regular monitoring of fuel consumption.
4.2.4 Water Environment
The survey of the water environment in the area reveals that both surface water and ground
water sources are free from the usual contaminants (Chapter 3). However, the surface water is
likely to be bacteriologically contaminated. The water can be used for drinking and other
purposes after appropriate disinfection procedure.
During the drilling operations, the wastewater generated will consist of the spent drilling
fluids, waste liquid and water used for washing. This wastewater will be appropriately treated
and temporarily contained in specially designed lined pits (HDPE liner) pits during the
drilling process. This is in line with CPCB regulations and will ensure no percolation into the
ground. The composition of the drilling fluid is largely water and barite, bentonite with
additives like K2SO4 and glycol. The samples of barite & bentonite to be used will be tested
for heavy metals to confirm that heavy metals are below the prescribed discharge limits set
by the CPCB. The wastewater will be treated mainly through flocculation & precipitation
followed by dilution prior to discharge or reuse .
Separate drainage facilities will be provided for storm water and other non-harmful effluents.
This run off will be channeled to a drilling mud source water pit to be used for drilling and
dilution operations. This measure will ensure minimum infiltration into ground water
resources of the area.
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The toilets and urinal at the site for use by the onsite personnel will be attached to a standard
sewage system comprising of septic tank and soak pits with concrete base to avoid infiltration
of sewerage water into the soil and ground water system.
Other possible contaminants are chemicals associated with the cementing process. These will
be caught in the return fluid during cementing and treated with the mud effluents.
In order to minimize potential environmental impacts on ground aquifer, the following
measures will be incorporated into the drilling and Environment Management Plan (EMP):
Installation of cuttings and fluid cleaning/treatment equipment to ensure optimal
cleaning of cuttings to reduce the amount of fluid that will be discharged with the cuttings
as far as practicable. The waste fluid generated will be treated and either reused or diluted
and discharged.
Putting in place management procedures to ensure optimal performance of the
cuttings cleaning equipment and shaker screen housekeeping.
Maintaining a continuous drill fluid mass balance throughout the drilling program.
Optimization of hole sizes to minimize the amount of rock to be drilled.
Wastewater generated from rig wash down may contain trace amounts of drill fluid,
lubricants, and residual chemicals resulting from small leaks or spills. The volume of these
discharges depends on the frequency of wash down and amount of rainfall. The wash down
areas, all storage areas and areas that might otherwise be contaminated with oil will be made
of concrete and would be segregated from other areas to ensure that any accidental spills are
contained and the fluid separately treated.
4.2.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Impacts
The major waste product from a drilling operation is the generation of rock cuttings, plus
small amount of associated residual fluids adhering to the cuttings. It is estimated that from
each drilling operation 900 cum of cuttings are likely to generate. These cuttings will be
treated and then stored at site in HDPE lined pits.
Other waste products include garbage, food scraps, scrap metal, waste oil and surplus
chemicals. Careful attention will be given to minimize the amount of waste generated and
controlling its eventual disposal. Wherever possible all waste material will be segregated by
type, color, and garbage will be stored in a designated area. These wastes will be stored in
suitable containers and will be recycled or disposed of in a controlled manner through
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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authorized waste contractors. Material like scrap metal, waste oil and surplus chemicals will
be sent for recycle or reuse as far as practicable.
Also, regarding the disposal of sewage, a septic tank and a soak pit arrangement will be
provided at site comprising of two-compartment waterproof chamber (designed as per the no.
of users) which will receive all waste from the toilet blocks. The night soil will undergo
decomposition in the first chamber through an anaerobic process and subsequently flow into
the second chamber. The two chambers will have an orifice in between at a designed level
normally 1-1.5 meters above the floor level. Most of the decomposed waste will be retained
in the first chamber and any suspended waste settles down in the second chamber. The
effluent water will be allowed to move into a soak pit, which is a deep circular pit dug below
the NGL, partially lined at the circumference and stacked with brick bats. The structure will
be covered at the top. Water will trickle through the bricks and be soaked in the ground.
Proper implementation of environmental management plan will ensure that there will be no
impacts on land environment due to solid and hazardous waste generated from the drilling
operations.
4.2.6 Socio-Economic Environment
1. Impact on Demographic Composition
Resulting of the proposed project, there will be no substantial increase in inclusive population
of the study area as preferably inhabitant people will be recruited for employment. The
migrants from distant places will be kept bare minimum. Hence, there will be no significant
impact on the demographic composition in the study area. Since there will be no significant
change in population, the overall sex ratio will remain more or less same. Also, since the
proposed project site is not inhabited, therefore it does not involve rehabilitation &
resettlement of people.
2. Impact on Employment Opportunities
One of the greatest impacts of the proposed project is creation of employment opportunities.
It is expected that a good number of people may get direct employment opportunities
including skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers along with some indirect employment
opportunities. This may change occupational, income & expenditure pattern of the people.
The benefits of employment to successful job seekers are expected to include, at a household
and individual level, in increase in socio-economic and health status, improvement to their
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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quality of life and living condition, and the benefits from greater household expenditure on
education and healthcare resources. Employment will benefit a greater number of individuals
than the total workforce number, as positive changes at a household level will benefit
(including women), relatives and young people.
3. Industrial Development
The proposed project will contribute in enhancement of production of crude oil & gas and
accordingly it is expected to contribute in the development of the country and local areas. The
increased production would generate additional revenue for the State Government as well as
for Central Government by way of payments on account of Royalty and Taxation. It is also
expected that the proposed project will play part in reducing the gap between demand &
supply of crude oil & gas in the country, which will help in reducing the import burden of the
country. It will open the venture for city gas in the remote areas. Hence, it may expect that
due to the proposed project, the scope for further industry movement will increase towards oil
& gas projects to support production of oil & gas products into the state and across the nation.
4. Impact on Transportation
The proposed project would result in the need to improve access roads since it would result in
an increase in industrial traffic of numerous heavy vehicles on project site. Overweight and
oversized loads could cause temporary disruptions and could require extensive modifications
to roads. An overall increase in traffic of heavy vehicles would accelerate the deterioration of
pavement, and require schedule pavement repair or replacement more frequently than under
the existing traffic conditions. Increased traffic may also result in a potential for increased
accidents within the project area. Increased recreational use of the area could contribute to a
gradual increase in traffic on the access roads. Therefore, infrastructure improvement by
repairing or constructing roads will be required in the area.
5. Impact on Agriculture
Since, the proposed project’s route is also characterized as agricultural land. Hence, for a
particular time there may be likely impact on the agricultural yield in the study area. Farmers
could be affected by loss of available grazing or croplands. However, by making proper
arrangement & planning for the route it might be possible to minimize impact on agricultural
land and agricultural operations. By creating an environmental protection plan outlining what
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
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must be done to protect the agricultural land during the drilling/project in operation. The plan
may covers aspects like how top soil and sub-soils will be replaced after the drilling is done,
and where to leave gaps during construction to allow farm machinery and livestock to cross.
By regularly inspect and perform maintenance on all project components in order to reduce
impact on farming operations, the project proponent may work with landowners to schedule
the work to take place around growing season.
6. Impact on Law & Order
No major law & order problem is envisaged due to the proposed project. It is expected that
the workers will attend to their duties from their residences and return to their homes after the
day’s work.
4.3 Impact on Ecology
As per primary ecological study there no any Rare, Endangered, Threatened floral and faunal
species has been found in the study area. No economically important plants, medicinal plants
are found inside the study area.
The native flora and fauna of study area will be affected due to oil exploration. Oil
exploration may cause habitat conversion, degradation, and fragmentation, contamination
from improper waste disposal or oil spills. Following table describes briefly how the oil
exploration may affect the plants species.
Development Process Sources of Impact Impact on plants Drilling and completion Mud and cuttings, which
may contain chemical additives, salts, metals, and hydrocarbons, are often stored in pits and buried on site. This may sterilize soil.
Soil sterilization
Stimulation Many fracturing chemicals are hazardous, and may contaminate soil if spilled on site.
Contaminate Soil
Produced water/ Fluids Salts, metals, hydrocarbons or traces of chemical additives in produced water may contaminate soil if spilled o the surface or stored in earthen pits. Produced water can also be
Contaminated soil Contaminated water Direct harm to plants
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toxic to plant at high concentrations
Separation and Dehydration
Pits or tanks that store wastewater may leak or overflow and contaminate soil.
Contaminated soil
Gas Compression Soil and water pollution may occur due to spills or leaks of diesel or other fuel used to power the compressors.
Contaminated soil Contaminated water
Access Roads Roads compact soils and can introduce non-native plant species.
Direct loss of plant habitat Direct harm to plants Introduction of competitive non-natives Prevent new plant growth
Construction/Siting Well pad construction converts plant habitat and causes soil compaction.
Direct loss of habitat Direct harm to plants Habitat conversion Habitat fragmentation
Also fugitive particles deposition on the agriculture fields and on standing crops may
dropdown the soil fertility and yield of crops. This may reduce the yield and quality of fodder
grasses, fodder species, and dissipate the milk quality of cows and buffalos feeding on it.
Noise due to drilling, and frequent vehicular movement may cause disturbance of movement
of animals. In that way, faunal species are very sensitive to any fragmentation in their habitat.
Such huge disturbance may leads to behavioral changes in animals, birds, and reptiles too.
The project will create significant ecological and environmental impacts on the following
components:
Discharge of wastewater and Oil exploration inflow water discharge (water will be stored
into abandoned voids)
Aesthetic value loss (Due to exploration and developmental activities the area would
depreciate aesthetic value of the area, only an effective and systematic greenbelt
development can help improving the aesthetic value of study area)
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Soil compaction (Oil exploration may exert the negative impacts on soil fertility, cause
soil compaction , microbial biomass etc.)
Drilling activities (fugitive dust, noise and vibration issues)
Installation of the land drilling rig will cause the vegetation removal and top soil removal
Ambient Air Quality (air pollution due to exploration and vehicular movements).
Ambient noise quality (blast and vibration, HEMM and vehicular movement).
Oil spillage may cause blocking of soil macro and micro pores, hereby hindering soil
aeration and water infiltration.
Similarly oil spillage during handling might hinder photosynthetic capacity of the plants
if plants get exposed to crude oil.
Oil spills result in an imbalance in the carbon -nitrogen (C/N) ratio at the spill site
because crude oil is essentially a mixture of carbon and hydrogen. This causes a nitrogen
deficiency in an oil-soaked soil which retards the growth of bacteria and the
utilization of carbon sources.
4.3.1 Proposed Mitigating Measures
To mitigate the possible impacts of drilling on ecology of the surrounding area following
mitigation measures would be taken in to consideration
I. Systematic exploration drilling methods will be followed. Drilling would be carried
out using cutting edge technology to reduce the impact of vibration and noise on
Ecology and biodiversity. There must have some monitoring mechanisms to look after
the day to day environment of the project and to ensure that the mitigation measures
are implemented effectively in function.
II. Fugitive particles remain always an issue. To mitigate the impact of such emissions
water sprinkler will be used on haul road for transportation of crude oil.
III. The three tier system for greenbelt will be developed with the help of economically
beneficial shrubs/ trees, floriculture, greenbelt in and around lease areas, and for
avenue plantation along haul roads. Green belt will also be very important to reduce
the excessive noise level.
IV. Lime shall be applied to the crude oil contaminated soil so as to reduce the toxic
deposition in the soil and reduce the high pH level.
V. Fertilizers such as NPK shall use to replenish the soil nutrients, tetrachloromethane
and benzene as solvent shall use for soil treatment.
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VI. Microbial inoculation in the soil shall doe since bacteria and fungi are the only
biological species which have the metabolic capacity of utilizing petroleum carbon for
simpler form.
VII. Institutional mechanism like separate cell will be established to supervise and monitor
various mitigation measures.
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CHAPTER-5 : Analysis of Alternatives
No alternate site is considered as drilling operations are proposed to be carried out within the
existing Mining Lease of Modhera Field.
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CHAPTER-6 : Environment Monitoring Program
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the
status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions,
the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental
conditions due to operation of the project, which will enable to take suitable mitigatory steps
in time to safeguard the environment.
Monitoring is important to measure the efficiency of control measures. An environmental
impact assessment study is carried over for a specified period of time and the data generated
for that specific period cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human
activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is
essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. The objectives of
monitoring are to-
Verify effectiveness of planning decisions;
Measure effectiveness of operational procedures;
Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and
Identify unexpected changes.
Monitoring will confirm that emissions are within the prescribed limits. This will take the
form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as quantity and
concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes for measurement against corporate or
statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient
environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and
chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socioeconomic interaction, through local liaison
activities or even assessment of complaints.
The preventive approach by management may also require monitoring of process inputs, for
example, type and method used, resource consumption, equipment and pollution control
performance etc. Monitoring will also be required to meet compliance with statutory and
corporate requirements. Finally, monitoring results will provide the basis for auditing.
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6.1 Environmental Monitoring Schedule
An environmental monitoring plan is suggested to monitor environmental parameters during
drilling and post drilling phase of the project. The monitoring plan is given in Table 6.1, 6.2
and 6.3 below. This monitoring plan is designed for ten years.
Table 6.1: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – Pre Drilling Phase
Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism
Monitoring and Reporting Frequency
Ambient Air Quality
At project Location Monitoring NOx, SO2, SPM, RPM, CO and HC
Twice a week for a month prior to drilling
Surface water Quality (if available during monsoon)
Water bodies within the radius of 1 km from the project site
pH, conductivity, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, heavy metals, BOD and COD
At least three samples prior to drilling
Groundwater Quantity
Within the radius of 1 km from the project site. Water sources used for construction purposes and dug wells within 500 m from wastewater and mud ponds
Physico-chemical parameters, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds
At least three samples from one location prior to drilling. The monitoring should be done at minimum four locations, one location on each direction
Noise Levels
At Project location For Background Noise Levels (using Noise meters)
Daily for a month prior to drilling
Physical Infrastructure
At Project Site 1. Lining of waste ponds, drill cutting ponds with 1 mm HDPE sheets
2. Oil & grease traps on outlets; storm water runoff points.
3. Presence of impervious liners in place for fuel, lubricants storage
During site preparation
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Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism
Monitoring and Reporting Frequency
area and drains with oil entrapment provision
4. Mud and work associated system is separated from rain/storm drainage system
5. Separate run off routes for non-contaminated and contaminated run off. Treatment facilities for the contaminated run off
6. Septic tank & soak pits of adequate size and presence of bunds around the pit
7. Suitable covering of soak pit to arrest fly and rodent nuisance
8. Impervious flooring in fuel storage and refuelling areas
9. Chemical storage should be suitability covered and imperviously lined
Clearance of Trees (if existing)
At Project Location Inventory of trees likely to be cut and number of trees to be planted as part of Compensatory Tree Plantation program.
During site preparation
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 102
Table 6.2: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol - During Drilling Phase
Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Monitoring & Reporting Frequency
Natural Resource
At Project site 1. Quantity of each type of material used including water consumption
2. Quantity of fuel used for power
3. Quantity of fuel used by transportation to and from rig location & base
4. Percentage of material used that have been reused or recycled from waste.
Daily during drilling phase
Ambient Air Quality
At project Location
Monitoring NOx, SO2, SPM, RPM, CO and HC
Twice a week for 24 hours
Surface Water Quality ( if available during monsoon)
Water bodies within the radius of 1 km of project site that will be utilized for consumption and disposal
pH, conductivity, TSS, TDS, heavy metals, BOD, COD etc
Every fortnight. The monitoring should be done on the same location where monitoring was done in pre drilling phase
Groundwater Quality
Water sources used for construction purposes and dug wells within 1km from wastewater and mud ponds.
Physico chemical parameters, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds.
Every fortnight. The monitoring should be done on the same location where monitoring was done in pre drilling phase
Noise & Vibration
At Rig Site, near DG sets and drilling pumps.
1. Noise level monitoring 2. Maintenance of machineries 3. No unnecessary operation of
machinery when not required 4. Use of ear plug by workforce 5. Presence of minimum 10 ft
high barrier around the well site
Hourly during drilling operation
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Monitoring & Reporting Frequency
Drilling wastes
At drilling site 1. Drill cuttings wash water: its quantification, characteristics (TSS, TDS, organic compounds, heavy metals, oil & grease), its treatment and safe disposal
2. Cuttings are dried to maximum extent in Hi-G drier system and dried cuttings are disposed in separate waste pits
3. Drill cuttings: Categorization for parameters given in EPA disposal standards prior to disposal, quantification and storage
4. Spent drilling fluid: its treatment and reuse
5. Unused drilling mud: its categorisation, storage, transportation and safe disposal.
6. Maintenance of Drill cutting pit, waste mud pit and waste water pit.
Daily during drilling phase
Solid waste Generation
At Project Location
Waste segregation and disposal as per waste management plan.
Daily during drilling phase
Wastewater Generation
At Project Site 1. Waste water generation rate 2. Treatment of wastewater by
clari-flocculator and treated water meeting the wastewater discharge standard (SPCB)
3. Integrity and maintenance of the septic tanks and soak pits
4. Maintenance of waste water treatment Units
Daily during drilling phase
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 104
Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Monitoring & Reporting Frequency
Oil wastes At Drilling Site 1. Generation, collection,
storage facilities and safe disposal
2. Facilities to prevent the accidental oil spill
3. Separate storage facilities for the fuel, lubricants and chemicals and their inventory
Daily during drilling phase
Oil Spills
At Drilling Site
1. Inventory of all oil spills/leakages and quantity of each spill
2. facilities according to oil spill contingency plan
3. Availability of shovels, sands and native soil at camp sites and well site
4. Presence of oil drip pans in potential oil leakages areas
Daily during drilling phase
Soil Erosion
At Project Location
Visual observations Daily during routine monitoring by Contractor and reported on a weekly basis by Project Environment Officer (PEO).
Socio-Economics
At Project Location
Local people recruited for all manual labour and other job for which local skill are available
During drilling operation
Table 6.3: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol - Post Drilling
Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism
Monitoring and Reporting Frequency
Drilling waste
At project Location
Quantification of Drill cuttings, its transportation and safe disposal
At the end of the drilling operation
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism
Monitoring and Reporting Frequency
Land At Project Location
Restoration and rehabilitation through:
1. Wellhead and casing string should be cut off to minimum depth of 3 m below ground level
2. Demolition of concrete structures and disposal of debris as per regulatory requirements
3. Treatment and disposal of waste products, solids and liquid in accordance with regulatory requirements
4. Removal of fencing and gates
5. Backfilling and closing of all on site disposal pits as per legal requirements
At the end of the drilling operation
Surface Water Quality (if available during monsoon)
At Project Location within radius of 1 km
pH, conductivity, TSS and TDS, and BOD, COD.
At the same location where pre and during drilling phase monitoring was done. Once a week for one month after drilling is complete.
Groundwater Quality
Water sources used for construction purposes and dug wells within 1km from wastewater and mud ponds
Physico chemical parameters, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds
At the same locations where pre and during drilling monitoring was done. Monitoring twice in pre and post monsoon season for ten years
Soil Erosion At drilling site and along the aligned water
Visual observations Monitored by Contractor and reported by PEO at the end of
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism
Monitoring and Reporting Frequency
courses the drilling operation
Compensatory tree plantation
Tree plantation locations
Survival rate of tree saplings
Once in a year for ten years.
The post operational monitoring programme will be under the supervision of the Sun
petro and the Monitoring shall be carried out by recognized laboratories/ institutions/by Block
operator.
6.2 Monitoring of Various Parameters
Monitoring Methods
The site is considered as core zone and the area lying within 10 km radius from the mine site
is considered as buffer zone.
Air Quality Monitoring
Ambient air quality should be monitored both upwind & downwind directions along with
adequate meteorological measurement for proper interpretation of data of PM10, SO2, NOX,
PM2.5.,Benzene, Benzopyrene, CO, Arsenic, Pb, Nickel, Ozone and Ammonia The number
of monitoring stations, air pollutants and frequency of monitoring will be decided as per the
CPCB guidelines in 2009. Meteorological stations will be monitored for wind direction and
speed, rainfall, temperature & humidity and evaporation.
Water Quality Monitoring
Monitoring of surface run-off and ground infiltration in the study area will be done once in
every season except monsoon. Quality of groundwater and surface water samples will be
analyzed for all the parameters as per IS-10500 and IS-2296 respectively. Also, the area
itself has three WTPs and hence a routine regular monitoring of water samples of the
reservoir is done.
Noise Quality Monitoring
Noise level monitoring will be done at the work zone to assess the occupational noise
exposure levels. Noise levels will also be monitored at the noise generating sources like
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 107
mineral handling arrangements, vehicle movements and also nearby villages for studying the
impact due to higher noise levels for taking necessary control measures at the source.
Occupational Health & Safety
Health check-up for the workers will be conducted at regular intervals until the dredging
operation is over. The health camps status will be monitored and the information will be
furnished to the approving authority. Project proponent will also coordinate with general
public, regulatory authorities, local administration to appraise environmental performance of
the mine.
6.3 Reporting Schedule of Monitoring Data
The frequency of reporting of monitored data will be on six monthly bases to the State PCB
Gujarat and to Regional Office of MoEF&CC, New Delhi. Compliance report will be
submitted twice in a year for 6 months interval. The Environmental statement will be
prepared for the entire year of operations and will be regularly submitted to regulatory
authorities.
Table 6.4: Budget for Environmental Monitoring Program Parameter Sampling
Locations Cost per Sample, INR
Frequency Total cost for Six Monthly Compliance Report Submission, INR
Air 4 5000 2 per week except monsoon
720000
Water 4 7000 1 per season except Monsoon
56000
Soil 4 4000 1 per half yearly 16000
Noise 4 3000 1 per season except Monsoon
24000
Greenbelt 1 Once in a year 50000
Total 8,66,000
For Five Years, Total 43,30,000
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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CHAPTER-7 : Additional Studies
7.1 Risk Assessment
M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private Limited (Sun Petro) Company is engaged in the business of
Exploration and Production of Crude Oil and Natural Gas. The company holds mining lease
for Modhera field in Gujarat for exploration and production under Production Sharing
Contracts (PSC) signed with the Government of India.
PSC for Modhera field was transferred to Sun Petro on 10th Jun, 2016 by Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG), Government of India. Mining Lease for Modhera
Field was transferred to SunPetro from Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) on 19th Aug, 2016
by State Government. Currently 2 wells are already present in the Mining Lease area of
Modhera Field – M#1 & M#2; Modhera # 1 well in the field is currently producing the crude
oil and is in testing phase.
The Modhera field, discovered in year 1982 by Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC),
is situated about 30 km southwest of Mehsana city in Gujarat. The location of the field is on
the western rising flank of Ahmedabad-Mehsana tectonic block of Cambay Basin. Modhera
structure is an anticline having N-S axis. The reservoir sand is thinning towards east of the
structure. Hydrocarbon entrapment in this field is mainly attributed to this structural feature.
This field was awarded to Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) under production sharing
contract (PSC) by Government of India for expeditious exploitation of hydrocarbon.
The Modhera Field is located in Mehsana district of Gujarat; 30 km southwest of Mehsana
city in Gujarat The block is spread over an area of 12.7 sq. km. Nearest village Matresan is
located on outer periphery of the block with most part of the village outside the block.
SunPetro is planning for exploratory & development drilling of new wells in the field near
the existing two wells. With the additional wells at Modhera Field, present crude oil and gas
production is expected to increase which would contribute in the development of the country
and also the local area.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 109
S. No. Parameter Description
1. Area Modhera Field has a total Mining Lease of 12.7 Sq. KM
2. Location Modhera Field is located in the Mehsana District of Gujarat,
3. Existing Capacity Modhera Field has 2 wells currently. After new wells total capacity of 200 bbls/day is envisaged.
4. Need of the Project The Proposed new wells in the Modhera Field would increase the Crude Oil & Gas production of the region and create new opportunity for the locals.
5. Power Supply & Source
DG sets of about 1250 KVA x 2 nos. will be used for drilling whereas electricity from State electricity board will be used for Group Well Head Installation.
6. Site Connectivity Modhera Field is well connected by Roads; Nearest railway station is Becharaji Station and is approx. 20 kms away.
Nearest airport is in Ahmedabad city and is approx. 120 kms away.
7. Existing Infrastructure
SunPetro currently has no permanent facility in place in the field.
8. Alternative Site No alternate site is considered as all operations are to be carried out in the Modhera Field area only. However, we have some flexibility to shift wells locations to few meters
9. Raw material required
Drilling related material like HSD, Steel (in the form of casings) tubing and Chemicals like Baryte, Oil well cement and Bentonite would be required
10. Land Form, Land use and land ownership
The land associated with producing wells is being acquired on Lease rental basis from the farmers. The land for the new wells may be acquired on lease basis.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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S. No. Parameter Description
11. Cost of the Project INR 32 million per well
12. Conclusion SunPetro proposes to carry out drilling of new wells in future. Besides drilling of wells, Construction of Group Well Head Installation and facilities near to the new wells may also be planned,
The monetization of Modhera Field would not only result in improved energy scenario for the country but will also generate opportunities for the local people and would help in the economic up-liftment of the region.
The company will adopt all the measures through its Environment Management Plan and Disaster Management Plans to prevent harm and damage to environment (if any) due to production/drilling activities in the Modhera Field.
All the existing facilities of pumping station like fire fighting, electrical system, Pump house,
Pipeline etc. would comply with national, international standards and M.B. Lal committee
recommendations.
The facilities required for operation of the project, viz., pumping units with associated
facilities have been planned to be steel structure. Other facilities like RCC civil structure have
been planned to accommodate control panels, HT/LT panels, Batteries etc. All the safety
factors like wind load, seismic load, soil bearing capacity etc have been taken into account
while designing the civil structures.
This document is prepared by Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd. for Risk Assessment (RA) study
for “Exploration And Development Of Drilling Wells In The Existing PML Area (PML 12.7
Sq.Km) Of Modhera Field, Mehsana, Gujarat” and to identify the key hazards and risks. By
conducting this type of RA it should be emphasized that the focus is on the major, worst-case,
hazards and impacts from surrounding area of these units, essentially in order to priorities the
off-site risks and potential impacts to the public.
Project Description
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 111
The project envisages monetization of Modhera Oil & Gas field .The proposed wells in
Modhera Field will be connected for production to Group Well Head Installation Facility
(GWHI) very near to the wells. From GWHI, the Crude Oil will be transferred to the nearest
ONGC processing facility (Sobhasan GGS – II) for treatment of the crude to be sold to Indian
Oil Corporation limited (IOCL) or to small private buyers as per the PSC terms. SunPetro
will sell the gas (if found economical after testing) in the local market. The various activities
of the project are:
Drilling of new wells in future.
Construction of Group Well Head Installation
Flow diagram showcasing the steps involved from drilling of wells to putting the wells on
production is as below:
Figure 7.1: Drilling Process Description
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 112
7.1.1 Consequence Analysis
Consequence analysis involves the application of the mathematical, analytical and computer
models (PHAST software) for calculation of the effects and damages subsequent to a
hydrocarbon/toxic release accident.
Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST) Software is used to predict the physical
behavior of hazardous incidents. The model uses below mentioned techniques to assess the
consequences of identified scenarios:
Modeling of discharge rates when holes develop in process equipment/pipe work.
Modeling of the size & shape of the flammable gas clouds from releases in the
atmosphere.
Modeling of the flame and radiation field of the releases that are ignited and burn as
pool fire, jet fire, Overpressure (Blast Force) and flash fire.
Modeling of the explosion fields of releases, which are ignited away from the point of
release.
7.1.2 Blowouts during Drilling / Testing Operations
Blowout is one of the major risks in exploration of Oil at any drilling location. Holland
(1996, 1997) gives a breakdown of blowouts according to the individual operations in which
they occurred. Scand power (1995) summarised this data into the following major categories
of operations:
Drilling, i.e. the period when the bit is on the bottom
Tripping, including time when the drill string is running into the hole (RIH), pulling
out of the hole (POOH) and held out of the hole
Running casing, including time when casing is being run, waiting for cement to
harden, and pressure-testing the casing
Other, including installing the BOP (nipple-up/nipple-down), milling, wire line
lagging, waiting on weather etc.
These categories were further sub-divided into two phases:
Prior to installing BOP, i.e. drilling the top hole
After the BOP is installed
7.1.3 Causes of Drilling Blowouts
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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Well control can be lost as a result of:
Formation fluid entry into the well bore;
Loss of containment due to mal-operation (e.g. during wire lining); and
Wellhead damage (e.g. by fires, storms, dropped objects, etc).
7.1.4 Causes of Production Blowouts
Blowouts during production are commonly caused by well interventions such as workovers,
wire lining, snubbing and coiled tubing operations, although some production blowouts are
initiated by the well equipment in normal operation.
Blowouts due to External Causes
Possible external causes of blowouts include:
Escalation from process fire
Structural collapse
Military or pirate attacks
These should not be included in the analysis of blowouts if they are separately modelled
under the other hazard categories. However, for simple studies that do not model such
escalations in full, it is appropriate to include them as blowouts.
7.1.5 Risk Criteria
Individual risks are the key measure of risk acceptability for this type of study, where it
is proposed that:
Risks to the public can be considered to be broadly acceptable (or negligible) if below
10-6 per year (one in 1 million people per year). Although risks of up to 10-4 per year (1
in 10,000 people per year) may be considered acceptable if shown to be As Low As
Reasonably Practicable (ALARP), since in India no any standard has been set, it is
recommended that 10-5 per year (1 in 100,000 people per year) is adopted for this
study as the maximum tolerable criterion.
Risks to workers can be considered to be broadly acceptable (or negligible) if below 10-5
per year and where risks of below 10-3 per year (1 in 1000 per year) may be considered
acceptable if in ALARP.
7.1.5.1 Location specific individual risk (LSIR)
The Location specific individual risk (LSIR) is risk to a person who is standing at that point
365 days a year and 24 hours a day.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
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7.1.5.2 Individual risk to worker (ISIR)
The personnel in respective terminals are expected to work 8 hour shift as well as general
shift. The actual risk to a person i.e. “Individual Specific Individual Risk (ISIR)” would be
far less after accounting for the time fraction a person is expected to spend at a location.
ISIR Area = LSIR X (8/24) (8 hours shift) X (Time spent by and individual/8 hours)
ALARP summary & comparison of Individual risk with acceptability criteria
The objective of this RA study is to assess the risk levels of the project with reference to the
defined risk acceptability criteria and recommend measures to reduce the risk level to As
Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
7.1.5.3 Societal Risk
It is the risk experience in a given time period by the whole group of personnel exposed,
reflecting the severity of the hazard and the number of people in proximity to it. It is defined
as the relationship between the frequency and the number of people suffering a given level of
harm (normally taken to refer to risk of death) from the realization of the specified hazards. It
is expressed in the form of F-N curve.
Societal risk acceptability criteria
A formal risk criterion is used at all for societal risk; the criterion most commonly used is the
F-N curve. Like other forms of risk criterion, the F-N curve may be cast in the form of a
single criterion curve or of two criterion curves dividing the space in to three regions – where
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 115
the risk is unacceptable, where it is negligible and where it requires further assessment. The
latter approach corresponds to application to societal risk of the ALARP principle. Risk
criteria for the Netherlands have been considered for the present study. F-N curve of the
station is represented in Figure below-
Societal risk criteria are also proposed, although these should be used as guidance only. A
criterion of 10-4 per year is recommended for determining design accidental loads for on-site
buildings, i.e. buildings should be designed against the fire and explosion loads that occur
with a frequency of 1 in 10,000 people per years.
7.1.5.4 Top risk contributors (Group Risk)
The present major contributing scenarios to societal risk from station/terminal are within the
ALARP region.
7.1.6 Conclusions and Recommendations
Although the results of this Risk analysis show that the risks to the public are within the
ALARP region, they will be sensitive to the specific design and/or modeling assumptions
used.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 116
The major conclusions and recommendations based on the risk analysis of the identified
representative failure scenarios are summarized below:
The drilling points & borehole are to be covered as per the prevailing practive of safety
management system of Oil Industries.
It is necessary to provide extensive fire detection system as per OISD guidelines.
Operators should be well trained about the fire and gas detection system.
It is recommended to have necessary provision for emergency stop of critical equipments
from control room (during commissioning) in the event of major leak/flash fire.
The vehicles entering the station should be fitted with spark arrestors.
Routine checks are to be done to ensure and prevent the presence of ignition sources in
the immediate vicinity of the flammable material (near boundaries).
Clearly defined escape routes shall be developed for each individual plots and section of
the drilling area taking into account the impairment of escape by hazardous releases and
sign boards be erected in places to guide personnel in case of an emergency.
Windsocks shall be considered at the site to ensure visibility from all directions. This will
assist people to escape in upwind or cross wind direction from flammable releases.
In order to further, reduce the probability of failure of catastrophic rupture and
equipments, critical equipments shall be identified and inspection methodologies to be
finalized for continuous monitoring during operation and shutdown maintenance.
The active protection devices like firewater hydrant, water monitor and other protective
devices shall be tested at regular intervals.
There should be an SOP established for clarity of actions to be taken in case (during
drilling and production) of fire/leak emergency.
7.1.7 General Recommendations
1. Ensure that combustible flammable material is not placed near the Critical instrument at
the site. These could include oil filled cloth, wooden supports, oil buckets etc. these must
be put away and the areas kept permanently clean and free from any combustibles.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 117
Secondary fires probability would be greatly reduced because of these simple but
effective measures.
2. Hydrocarbon detectors should be provided at every drilling point.
3. Proper lighting arrangements and CCTV should be provided at drilling points for new
facilities inside the drilling site.
7.2 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a Strategic Business Management concept through
which a company integrates social & environmental concerns in their business operations and
can achieve a balance of economic, environmental & social imperatives. Furthermore, at the
same time attends to the expectations of shareholders & stakeholders. Through it the
company can make valuable contribution to poverty reduction. The CSR refers to
responsibility of a company to ensure positive impact on environment, consumers,
employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of public sphere. In India, it is
comparatively a new but rising concept and the companies are going through the learning
curve. The CSR activities are increasingly being taken up by the project proponents not only
as fulfilling of mandatory provisions but also for formation and enhancement of brand image.
Besides all, CSR is seen more as a responsibility towards society rather than a business
philosophy. It is the need of the time for expansion of occupational welfare. Keeping in mind
these codes of belief, we have identified some activities which may propose to undertake for
the benefits of the people living in the study area. This will not only improve the socio-
economic status of the people but also enhance the reputation of the project proponent among
the community. The following activities are proposed to be taken up for the benefits of the
local community:
1) Providing employment opportunities.
2) Vocational training for skill development to the local youth.
3) Educational scholarships and study materials to the meritorious students
belonging to BPL.
4) Providing drinking water facilities to nearby schools.
5) Providing medical assistance/medicines to the local people.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 118
Conclusion
The proposed project activities would contribute to the local economy by providing direct or
indirect employment opportunities, monies to local contractors, and recycled revenues
through the local economy. Additional revenues would be generated in the form of royalty
payments to mineral rights owners and taxes collected by the national and the state
governments. Indirect impacts could occur as a result of the new economic development
(e.g., new jobs at businesses that support the expanded workforce or that provide project
materials). Development of an oil or gas field also could potentially affect property values,
either positively from increased employment effects or negatively from proximity to the oil
or gas field and any associated or perceived adverse environmental effects (noise of
compressor stations, visual effects, air quality, etc.). The proposed project will meet the
immense demand of oil & gas products in the states and across the nation. Also, it will
augment the transportation of these products in friendly manner and cost effectively. Hence,
the opportunity for further industry development will increase towards the similar kind of
projects to support production of oil & gas products into the state and across the nation. It
will not only bring income to the states and nation’s exchequer but also increase the supply of
the oil & gas products. With the implementation of the project, the occupational pattern of the
people in the area may change making more people engaged in industrial & business
activities due to which in coming time local people may get opportunity to enhance their
social & economic status.
Since, no human settlements are to be affected by the project and hence, no Rehabilitation &
Resettlement Plan is required in this project. Aside, the study area has great scope for further
development or improvement in education and health sectors in addition to provide better
education & health facilities for achieving finest quality or standard of life to the people
residing in the area. Based on the observation, the institutions for basic health facilities as
Primary Health Centre (PHC), Primary Health Sub-Centre, Maternity & Child Welfare
Centre, Community Health Centre, Dispensaries etc. can be increased & enhanced in context
to provide better health facilities in the area.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 119
7.3 Public Hearing
Details of public hearing will be included only after conduction of public hearing.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 120
CHAPTER-8 : Project Benefits
With the additional wells at Modhera Field, present crude oil and gas production is
expected to increase which would contribute in the development of the country and also the
local area.
The increased production would generate additional revenue for the State Government as
well as for the Central Government by way of payments on account of Royalty, CESS, and
taxation. This will also assist in the economic development of this less developed area
in Gujarat by means of generating direct and indirect employment opportunities for the
local people of the region.
8.1 Demand-Supply Gap
The proposed wells will definitely play part in reducing the gap between the demand
and supply of Crude Oil and Gas in the country, which will help in reducing the import
burden of the country. It will open the ventures for city gas in the remote areas.
8.2 Imports vs. Indigenous production
India’s impetus is on to increase the indigenous production of oil and gas so as to meet the
growing demand of the country. We are presently importing around 75%-80% of our
crude oil requirement, which results in hefty import bills. Increase in domestic
production of gas will surely help in securing our energy demand and also, it would save on
the huge import bills.
8.3 Export Possibility
India is an energy deficit country, as such all indigenous oil and gas production is
consumed domestically. The proposed project would not have any export.
8.4 Domestic/ Export Markets
Crude Oil produced from the Modhera Field will be sold to the Indian Oil Corporation or to
private parties. Natural Gas from the field will be sold in the open market in nearby
areas.
8.5 Employment Generation
Proposed activities shall assist in the economic development of this less developed area of
Gujarat and will help in generating direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 121
people in the field of transport sector, oil field services, civil construction, skilled and
non-skilled employment etc.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 122
CHAPTER-9 : Environmental Management Plan
9.1 General
The environmental management plan consists of a set of mitigation, management, monitoring
and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation of the project, to
eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. The present
environmental management plan addresses, the components of environment, which are likely
to be affected by the different operations in a dredging activity.
The Objectives of EMP are:
Overall conservation of environment.
Minimization of waste generation and pollution.
Judicious use of natural resources and water.
Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace.
Ensure effective operation of all control measures.
Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents.
Monitoring of cumulative and long term impacts.
Ensure effective operation of all control measures.
9.1.1 HSE Policy of Block Operator
The use of fossil fuel will depend not only on technical, economic, and political decisions but
increasingly on environmental considerations and its impact.
Block Operator will continue to conduct its activities in a professional and responsible
manner. The company, not only will comply with the laid down legislation requirements
but when found inadequate will promote creative measures and internal standards for the
protection of health, safety & the environment of the highest order for all who may
directly or indirectly be affected by any of the activities.
Personal safety and employee health is our greatest responsibility, followed by the
protection of the environment and company property.
The company will continue to take a proactive approach toward creating safe work
environments for all employees and will be accountable for promoting continued safety
education and training for all employees, assigning responsibility for all aspects of the
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 123
program, continuously reviewing the program to identify potential areas of improvement,
and ensuring a thorough evaluation of all incidents.
The company will continue to address the environmental and health impact of our
operations by reducing waste, emissions, and discharges and by using energy efficiently.
The company will maintain awareness of HSE matters, so as to be proactive in providing a
value-added service to the clients. This awareness is achieved through education,
communication and definition of the goals and standards appropriate to operation and
those undertaken on the client’s behalf.
9.1.2 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities
This section provides an organizational structure for environmental management during
the proposed drilling project and defines the roles and responsibilities of the various role
players for the duration of the project.
9.1.2.1 Management Approach
The organizational roles and responsibilities are summarized below:
Block Operator: The overall responsibility for compliance with the environmental
management plan rests with the project proponents.
Contractors: The contractors (civil, drilling, and other) will carry out field activities as
part of the exploratory drilling project. The contractors will be subject to certain liabilities
under the environmental laws of the country, and under their contract with block operator.
Independent Monitors (IMs): Block Operator might utilize the option of hiring
independent monitors (IMs) to monitor the environmental performance of the contractors
and the environmental impact of project activities.
A certain degree of redundancy is inevitable across all management levels, but this is in
order to ensure that compliance with the environmental management plan is crosschecked.
Other essential features of the EMP are:
Block Operator will appoint a Field based HSE Coordinator to oversee HSE
compliance throughout the duration of the drilling program.
Block Operator will ensure that all contracts it executes with sub-contractors
comply with positive environmental sensibilities and requirements given in the
environmental management plan.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 124
Block Operator will cooperate with regulatory agencies (such as the State
Pollution Control Board) and other stakeholders who may want to send their
own teams in to monitor the activities during the drilling program.
9.1.3 Organizational Responsibilities
The salient features of the organisational responsibilities are described below:
9.1.3.1 Primary Responsibilities:
The primary responsibilities for the environmental performance of the project
proponents, the contractors, and the contractors for environmental monitoring will
be assumed by their respective highest-ranking officers in the country during the
project.
Block Operator’s Chief - QHSE will be responsible for the company’s compliance
with the EIA and EMP throughout the project.
The contractor will assume the main responsibility for all environmental matters
pertaining to their work.
Block Operator will coordinate with relevant government departments and other
stakeholders through its Environmental advisor.
9.1.3.2 Field Management and Quality Control
Conducting drilling activities in an environmentally sound manner will be the
responsibility of the drilling contractor/company.
Block Operator’s Company Man (Drilling) will be responsible for the overall
environmental soundness of all field operations.
9.1.3.3 On-the-job Supervision and Monitoring
Block Operator has a Chief - QHSE, who is responsible for ensuring compliance
with the EMP during the drilling operation. He is also responsible for
communicating with and training the drilling crews in all aspects of the EMP.
Block Operator has an HSE Coordinator who will be responsible for all
environmental issues and for the implementation of the environmental management
plan in the field.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 125
If any monitoring teams from government departments or from NGOs visit the
field during the drilling operation, block operator’s HSE Coordinator and the Chief
will be responsible for coordinating their visits.
9.2 Mitigation Plan
The mitigation plan is a key component of the EMP. It lists all the potential effects of the
project and their associated mitigation measures identified in the EIA. For each
Impact/Hazard, the following information is presented in the plan:
A comprehensive listing of mitigation measures
Actions required
The person(s) responsible for ensuring the full implementation of the action
A time parameter for the implementation of the action to ensure that the
objectives of mitigation are fully met.
The mitigation plan for the activities proposed for the exploratory drillings in the Modhera
block is presented in Table 9.1 (prior to drilling phase) and Table 9.2 (during drilling
phase).
Table 9.1: Environnemental Management Plan - Mitigation Management Matrix (Prior to Drilling Phase)
ROUTINE OPERATIONS
Hazard & Effect(s)
Proposed Mitigation Required Actions Responsible Completion
Land Acquisition Obtain necessary approvals from State Pollution Control Board for construction & operations.
Ensure that all necessary protocols are followed and legal requirements implemented.
Ensure that
appropriate legal requirements have been met with regard to land occupancy, land ownership or usage rights, notice
Block Operator to initiate interaction with the concerned officials in the Pollution Control Board, prior to release of actual location to identify necessary permits and the approval mechanism.
Apply for approval
for Land acquisition with proper maps and prescribed fees
Chief-QHSE
- Do -
Pre-deployment of topographic survey team. After site survey, prior to construction.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 126
and compensation, etc.
Establish and clearly
document all land agreements with owners, users and state authorities & mark out site boundaries.
Acquiring necessary
approvals from State Pollution control Board in a timely manner
Preliminary site
survey to be carried out by block operator’s civil works consultants to mark the road & site requirement on ground
Block Operator’s
Drilling & Permit team to meet the local Pollution Control authorities to apprise them of the plan and to identify and apply for necessary permissions prior to construction phase and prior to drilling phase.
- Do -
- Do -
- Do - Common application covering “Consent to establish” & “Consent to Operate“
Soil Erosion Minimize the extent of site clearance area, by choosing best layout with respect to existing topography.
Minimize removal of
trees at site Collect topsoil
during road development/ construction, site preparation, etc. and stockpile the same at edge of site to be used to the extent possible for site restoration later.
Detailed contour maps of the site to be prepared with big trees marked on it to work out the best layout to minimize cut & fill & avoid cutting of trees.
To see that
arrangement is in place for collection.
Plan to minimize tree cutting prior to site construction and ensure implementation on ground during site construction phase
Asst. Manager Civil Contractor Asst. Manager
Prior to site preparation and other construction activities-
- Do - To be continued till demobilization.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 127
Table 9.2: Environmental Management Plan - Mitigation Management
Matrix (during Drilling Phase)
ROUTINE OPERATIONS
Hazard &
Effect(s)
Proposed Mitigation Required Actions Responsibl
e
Completion
Waste and
Effluent
Management
Poor planning and
execution might
pose a threat to
environment.
Contamination of
rain/storm water
run off with rig
wash water &
waste mud
Block Operator to
identify different
type of waste
anticipated during
operations, work out
estimated quantities,
lay down procedures
for collection,
handling, treatment
and disposal of each
type of waste.
Waste Management
Plan to be
implemented during
operations.
Detailed drainage
design will be
developed as a part
of the site design. It
will be ensured that
mud and associated
drainage system is
isolated from the
rain/storm water
drainage system.
Finalizing
Waste
Management
Plan (draft plan
given in EMP
report )
Waste
management plan
to be
implemented
during drilling
and be made
available for
inspection at site
to all regulatory
bodies.
Block Operator
to work with
Civil works
consultants
/contractors to
develop detailed
drainage system
addressing
concerns outlined
Chief
QHSE in
association
with
Drilling
Team
Chief –
QHSE/Drill
ing
Manager
Drilling
Team
Prior to
drilling
Implementati
on - During
all
operations at
site and
during
demobilizati
on
Site Design
phase
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 128
Pits must have
adequate capacity to
prevent flooding
during high rains
(maintain free board)
and should be fully
bounded.
here.
Block Operator
to work out
required pit
volumes based on
maximum case
scenario
including
rainwater.
Drilling
Team
- Do -
Wastewater &
cuttings may
contain trace
amounts of drill
fluid and residual
chemicals.
Management of
Produced Water
All wastewater,
which will be
generated from
washings & spent
mud will be
contained in HDPE
lined (1 mm thick)
pits. The wastewater
will be treated
through flocculation
and dilution to
achieve SPCB
compliance for
discharged into a
nearby
nullah/stream.
Cuttings will be
dried to maximum
extent possible using
suitable equipment
and will be contained
in separate pits.
Site design will
include
adequately sized
pits to contain
wastewater &
also treated water
prior to
discharge. Block
Operator will hire
a flocculation
unit either from a
local contractor
or an
international
service company.
Block Operator
will hire Hi –G
drier system to
treat the cuttings
coming from the
shakers to
achieve fairly dry
cuttings.
Drilling
Team
Drilling
Team
Site Design /
Contractor
procurement.
Planning &
Procurement
phase prior
to drilling
Contractor
Procurement
/
drilling
operations.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 129
Fuels, Lubricants
and Chemicals
Management pose
threat of major,
moderate & minor
spills
The water generated
during drilling
operation is likely to
have very high
turbidity and salt
contents.
Prepare a
comprehensive Oil
Spill Contingency
Plan (OSCP) to
handle all major,
moderate & minor
spills.
Keeping all fuels,
lubricants and
chemicals in well-
designed storage
facility with regular
inventory checking.
Ensure that OSCP is
implemented during
operations.
This water will be
treated by
coagulation &
flocculation and
the treated water
after conforming
to MOEF
standards will be
discharged to
nearby nullah.
Finalizing the
Oil Spill
Contingency Plan
(OSCP)
Checklist of all
drums and
containers
located within
footprint of the
storage area
Live risk
assessment
trainings and
awareness raising
among all
workers
associated with
mock exercises.
Drilling
Team and
Chief –
QHSE
Chief -
QHSE in
association
with the
Drilling
Team
Rig’s
maintenanc
e staff
Chief -
QHSE and
Environme
ntal
Advisor
Prior to
commencem
ent of
drilling
operations
Through out
the
operations.
Pre-Drilling
Inductions
and during
the
operations
Contamination by
way of
oil/lubricant spills
and leaching
Used and unused
chemicals will be
stored in a lined &
bunded area.
The lined &
bunded area for
the diesel tank
will have extra
space to contain
Drilling
Team.
Site design
phase
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 130
Executing delivery
of fuel to drilling site
under strict
supervision and
carrying out
refueling operations
in an area with
impervious flooring
and surface drainage
with oil interceptor.
Use of suitable
delivery trucks
Impervious liners in
place for fuel,
lubricants storage
area. Fuel/lubricant
containment &
generator area to
have drains with oil
entrapment
provision.
Effective bunds
capable of containing
110% of the volume
of the largest
container within and
enclosing all
potentially
contaminating
used and un used
lubricants in
drums.
Keeping an
inventory of all
fueling and
refueling
operations.
Check all
delivery trucks
for suitability &
ensure that they
meet safety
requirements
Impervious liners
to be installed in
the fuel &
lubricant storage
area.
Fuel/lubricant
storage area &
generator area to
have drains with
oil entrapment
mechanism.
Site design to
incorporate bund
requirement for
the fuel/lubricant
storage area.
Constructio
n contractor
during
constructio
n phase &
Rig’s
maintenanc
e staff
during
drilling
phase.
HSE
coordinator
Drilling
Team
- Do -.
Site design
& through
out the
operations.
- Do -
Site design
phase.
- Do -
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 131
materials. To be used
for fuel/lubricants
storage area.
Major Spills:
Spills which are
more than 200
liters and will
require initiation
of Emergency
Response
Procedures.
Non-contaminated
and contaminated
runoff will be kept
separate. Non-
contaminated runoff
will be routed to off-
site area. Potentially
contaminated runoff
will be treated.
Oil drip pans will be
used wherever there
is significant
potential for leakage.
All spills/leaks to be
contained reported
and cleaned up
immediately.
Minor Spills: Minor
spills/leakages
defined as leaks from
vehicles, machinery,
equipment or storage
containers such that
the area and depth of
soil contaminated is
less than 1 sq ft and
3 inches respectively
Moderate Spills:
These are defined as
spills of volume less
than or equal to 200
liters.
Ensure separate
runoff routes
during site
design.
Drip pans will be
used.
Oil Spill
Contingency Plan
to be in place and
implemented.
Soil
contaminated will
be scraped and
proper disposal.
Such spills will
be contained
and controlled
using shovels,
sands and native
soil. These
equipment and
- Do -
HSE
Coordinator
HSE
Coordinator
HSE
Coordinator
HSE
Coordinator
- Do -
Throughout
the drilling
operations.
- Do -
- Do -
Through out
the drilling
Operations
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 132
materials will be
made available
at camp sites
and well site
during the
operation. The
contaminated
soil will be
excavated and
stored in a
bunded area
lined with an
impermeable
base. The
contaminated
soil will be
disposed off as
per norms.
These spills will
be handled and
controlled with
special care and
will require
special treatment
such as
bioremediation.
Noise and
Vibration
Checklist of all
machineries with
record of date of
procurement,
installation and age.
Regular maintenance
of all equipments.
Implement good
working practices to
Inventory of all
machineries to be
prepared and
submitted to
block operator
for review.
Maintenance Log
Book to be
prepared and
submitted to
block operator
for review.
No machinery
Rig
Contractor
Rig
Contractor
During
drilling
operations
Prior to and
during
drilling
operations
During
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 133
minimize noise.
Wearing of ear
protector when
appropriate.
running when not
required.
Block Operator
to distribute noise
protection
equipment and
ensure utilization
by the work
force.
- Do -
HSE
Coordinator
Drilling
operations
- Do -
Air Emissions Operate all
equipment within
specified design
parameters.
Store all dry, dusty
material (chemicals,
etc.) in sealed
containers.
Minimize duration of
testing by careful
planning.
Minimize emissions
during well testing
(flaring).
Minimize dust
Ensure proper
Equipment
maintenance.
Ensure absence
of stockpiles or
open containers
of dusty
materials.
Options for
MDT, Open Hole
DST to be
explored for
shorter test
include in the
plan if found
suitable
Effective
separation of oil
& gas to be
achieved and the
separated oil will
be trucked to
IOC/OIL and
only dry clean
gas to be flared.
Watering of
Rig
Mechanic
Rig’s
maintenanc
e staff
Drilling
Team
- Do -
HSE
During
Drilling
operations.
- Do -
Planning
phase
- Do -
During
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 134
generated from truck
movement
roads if required. Coordinator Drilling
operations.
Solid Wastes
Wastes will
include organic
wastes, scrap
metal, waste oil
& surplus
chemicals, sacks,
broken wooden
pallets, medical
wastes etc.
Ensure proper
documentation and
manifestation of all
wastes generated.
Litter and debris not
to be discarded at
site and to be
segregated at a
segregation pit on
the well site
No-toxic
biodegradable waste
to be buried during
operations and
decommissioning,
ensuring that local
water resources are
not contaminated in
any way.
Pre-operation
inspections to
ensure waste
disposal facilities
are in place.
A segregation pit
to have waste
types segregated
into separate
drums at the well
site.
Block Operator
to include in
tender
requirements
wherever
possible.
HSE
Coordinator
HSE
Coordinator
Drilling
Team &
HSE
Coordinator
.
Prior to
drilling
operations
During
drilling
Site design
& drilling
operations
Non-routine
events and
accidental
releases. (Well
kicks, blow out)
Bulk supply of
materials to be
referred for
minimization of
packaging wastes.
Unused materials to
be returned to
Block Operator
to arrange for
proper disposal
and waste
recycling
contractors
Drilling
team.
Contractor
procurement
phase.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 135
supplier.
Material such as
scrap metal, waste
oil & surplus
chemicals will be
disposed of in a
controlled manner
through authorized
waste contractors.
Draw up Oil Spill
Contingency Plan
(OSCP) and
Emergency Response
Plan (ERP), Well
Control Plan & keep
it updated.
Maintain state of
readiness for quick
response including
plan awareness,
training and regular
exercises.
Risk of loss of well
control to be
minimized through
i) Proper well
design, which will
ensure that the
hydrostatic weight of
mud will overcome
formation pressure.
ii) Proper drilling
program design to
ensure selection of
Block Operator
to monitor strict
compliance with
the provisions of
OSCP and ERP
& Well Control
Plan.
Records of
interaction
between the
management and
the work force.
Records of
training and
drills.
Ensure all
available offset
data is examined
for proper design
parameters.
Same as above
Same as above
Well monitoring
equipment to detect
influx from reservoir.
Drilling
team/HSE
coordinator
Company
man and
HSE
Coordinator
- Do -
Drilling
Engineer
- Do -
Drilling
Team
Planning
phase &
implementati
on during
drilling
Throughout
drilling
operations
- Do -
Prior to
Drilling
- Do -
- Do -
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 136
properly rated BOP
equipment.
iii) Ensure that the
block operator’s
supervision team &
Rig contractor’s
relevant operating
personnel are trained
to handle well
control situations
and hold relevant
well control training
certificates.
iv) Ensure advanced
detection system is
in place and BOP
equipment is well
maintained.
Spill Response
Spill kits will be on
the drill site to
handle spills
comprising
adsorbents;
approved
containers for
storage and
transport of spill
wastes, disposable
bags,
gloves/goggles,
etc. promptly to
prevent breeding of
mosquitoes.
Pressure detection
service provided by
Mud-logging
contractor.
Blowout
preventors tested
on installation
and routinely.
While at the drilling
location, any spill
will be reported
promptly
Drilling
Team/Drilli
ng
Contractor
Drilling
Contractor/
HSE
Coordinator
- Do -
Prior to
drilling/durin
g operations.
During
drilling
operations
- Do -
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 137
Socio-Economic
Impacts
Ensure no water
(surface or ground)
contamination occurs
from drilling
operations
Dust emissions on
access road to be
minimized.
All manual labor and
other jobs for which
local skills are
available are
recruited from local
people.
Undertake social
welfare projects for
the local
communities through
well thought out
CSR strategy.
Implement waste
management plan
and undertake
water quality
monitoring
before, during
and after the
operations.
Regular
monitoring of the
access road and
deployment of
water tankers to
minimize dust.
Block Operator
to keep a record
of all jobs and
provide monthly
feedback on jobs
provided to locals
and others with
clear reporting on
each job profile.
Develop a CSR
strategy for the
area and
implement one
social welfare
project during
each drilling
well
Chief -
QHSE/
HSE
Coordinator
HSE
Coordinator
Chief -
QHSE
General
Manager
Drilling &
Chief -
QHSE
Planning and
during the
operations
During
drilling
Planning and
during
drilling
Planning
phase and
during
drilling
operations
9.3 Waste Management Plan
To facilitate field level implementation, a draft waste management plan is proposed which
will be subject to fine tuning before the start of the operations. This draft Waste management
plan is presented below in Table 9.3.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 138
Table 9.3: Waste Management Plan
Category Waste
Type
Proposed Action Who is
Responsible
for action?
What needs to be
Reported?
Monitoring
Domestic
Waste
Sewage
(Black
Water)
It is expected that less than
0.5 m 3 /day of domestic
wastewater (sewage and
sullage) will be generated
from each exploratory
drilling site. The treatment
proposed for the domestic
water includes allowing
domestic wastewater to
pass into a septic tank to be
provided at a drilling site.
The septic tank will be
constructed as per the
Bureau of Indian Standard
IS: 2470 (Part-1): 1985.
All Sewage to be
channelised into septic
tanks and soak pits.
HSE
coordinator
Dimensions of
pits, Integrity &
maintenance of the
pits, Level of
sewage in the Pits
Chief - QHSE
Wastewat
er from
Kitchen
and
Laundry
(Gray
Water)
The disposal of the
overflow from the septic
tank will be done into a
soak pit provided at the
drilling site. The secondary
treatment (soak pit) can be
constructed as per the
Bureau of Indian Standard
IS: 2470 (Part-2): 1985.
All gray water to be
channelised into soak pits.
Excess waste water will be
sprinkled on the project
access road
HSE
coordinator
Dimensions of
pits, Integrity &
maintenance of the
pits, Level of gray
water in the Pits.
Check availability
of grease
collection pit and
frequent collection
of grease, regular
checking of
wastewater level in
the pit.
HSE
Coordinator /
Chief - QHSE
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 139
Category Waste
Type
Proposed Action Who is
Responsible
for action?
What needs to be
Reported?
Monitoring
Food
Waste
To be properly segregated
(no plastics, metal, glass in
it) and brought to the
segregation pit. Dig two
small humus pits (each of
2m x 2m x 1.5 m) within
the drilling site area away
from common use by rig
crewmembers. The humus
pits are to be covered with
soil on daily basis to avoid
any odour nuisance due to
putrification and check any
contact with the flies or
insects.
Drilling
Contractor’s
Environmen
t Officer
Construction of
pits, daily disposal
of organic waste
and covering it
with soil
HSE
Coordinator
Combusti
ble Waste
(Paper.
Rags,
Packing
material)
To be properly segregated
(no plastics, metal, glass in
it) and brought to the
segregation pit. Sent to
recycling contractor.
Drilling
Contractor’s
Environmen
t Officer
Ensure daily
bringing of the
waste to the pit.
Periodic sending
of waste to
recycling
contractor
HSE
Coordinator
Hazardou
s Waste
Medical
waste
(Waste
generated
from
clinic)
To ensure the availability
of specified boxes, use of
syringe cutters. Waste to be
properly separated and
stored temporarily at site
separately from other
wastes. Medical waste to
be transported to the
hospital at Kutch.
Medical
Doctor
Segregation of
waste
Transportation of
waste to
incinerator at
Kutch
HSE
Coordinator
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 140
Category Waste
Type
Proposed Action Who is
Responsible
for action?
What needs to be
Reported?
Monitoring
Recyclabl
e Waste
Tin
packs,
plastic
and glass
bottles
and other
metallic
materials
To be properly segregated
and temporary storage at
segregation pit at well site.
Deliver to approved
recycling contractor
Drilling
Contractor
Segregation and
storing of waste at
the site. Sending of
waste recycling
contractor
HSE
Coordinator
Drilling
Wastes
Drill
Cuttings
To be stored in 1mm
HDPE lined pits on the
well site.
At the close of operations,
if leachate analysis
performed on properly
washed and reasonably
dried drill cuttings show
that it is non-hazardous in
nature, then it can be
disposed of as inert
material either into a
cuttings pit onsite or offsite
or taken for beneficial use
in construction of roads or
spreading on land in the
local area or land filling.
If found hazardous,
disposal can be done onsite
or offsite as per the
approval of the State
Pollution Control Board or
to dispose it in some
existing secured landfill
operating in the region.
HSE
Coordinator
Check integrity of
the HDPE lined
pit. Verify that
volume of pit is
adequate for
storage of cuttings
from the drilling
site.
Leachate analysis
to be done once a
month from a
recognized Lab.
Chief - QHSE
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 141
Category Waste
Type
Proposed Action Who is
Responsible
for action?
What needs to be
Reported?
Monitoring
Un-Used
Drilling
Mud
To be stored in 1mm
HDPE lined pit on site.
After the operations it
should be transported to
another drilling site in the
block.
HSE
Coordinator
/ Drilling
Engineer
Check integrity of
the HDPE lined
pit.
Chief - QHSE/
Drilling
Manager
Drilling
& Wash
Wastewat
er
After flocculation, the
treated wastewater is stored
in a holding/buffer pit
(1mm HDPE lined) and
then disposed in a natural
drain if conforms to the
stipulated standards.
Otherwise repeat treatment
required for the non-
complying parameters or
ensure dilution in case of
marginal exceed of
standards.
HSE
Coordinator
Check integrity of
the HDPE lined
pit. Volume (cum)
of wash
wastewater
generated.
Testing for
stipulated
standards from
recognized Labs
before discharge
into natural drains.
Chief - QHSE
Chemical
Sludge
(generate
d as a
result of
wastewat
er
treatment
)
The treatment of the sludge
so generated can be for pH
correction, if any, followed
by dewatering either in
centrifuge and or solar
evaporation. The treatment
is to be ensured in a pit
properly lined with
impervious HDPE liner of
1.0 mm.
Disposal is dependent on
establishing non-hazardous
or hazardous nature after
the end of operations.
HSE
Coordinator
Check integrity of
the HDPE lined
pit. Volume (cum)
of the sludge
generated.
Testing for
stipulated
standards from
recognized Labs
before deciding
final disposal.
- Do -
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 142
Category Waste
Type
Proposed Action Who is
Responsible
for action?
What needs to be
Reported?
Monitoring
Oily
Waste
Used Oil Oil changing activity is
allowed only at the rig site.
Oil to be collected in
designated containers at the
Rig site. Ensure that the
used oil drums are safely
transported to the approved
recycling contractor at to
the certified workshop.
HSE
Coordinator
Collection and
storage of oil.
Used oil drums
safely transported
and sent to
approved recycling
contractor
- Do -
For the proposed drilling, it is expected that the drill cuttings will be free from oil and may
not be rendered as hazardous, provided it is out of the purview of concentration criteria laid
down under the Rules. The sludge from the proposed drilling operations may be rendered as
free from oil by providing suitable pre-treatment measures. However, as per the Rules, any
chemical sludge generated from wastewater treatment is considered as hazardous. Therefore,
the chemical sludge from the wastewater treatment at the proposed exploratory drilling can
be rendered as hazardous. The drilling mud and other drilling wastes also considered as
hazardous. However, based on sampling and analysis carried out through a recognized
laboratory after the end of the drilling phase, if it is proved that the drilling mud and other
drilling wastes do not contain any of the constituents mentioned in HWM rules to the extent
of concentration limits specified therein, the wastes may not be treated as hazardous. Block
Operator would require prior authorization from the State Pollution Control Board for
treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of any hazardous waste generated at site
during drilling operations.
Table 9.4: Onshore Discharge Standards for Liquid Effluent from Oil Drilling
S. No. Parameter Onshore discharge standard
(not to exceed)
1 pH value 5.5 to 9.0
2 Temperature, ºC 40.0
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 143
3 Suspended Solids, mg/l 100.0
4 Zinc, mg/l 2.0
5 BOD at 27ºC for 3 days,
mg/l
30.0
6 COD, mg/l 100.0
7 Chlorides, mg/l 600.0
8 Sulphates, mg/l 1000.0
9 Total Dissolved Solids,
mg/l
2100.0
10 Sodium, mg/l 60.0
11 Oil and Grease, mg/l 10.0
12 Phenolics, mg/l 1.2
13 Cyanides, mg/l 0.2
14 Fluorides, mg/l 1.5
15 Sulphides, mg/l 2.0
16 Chromium (Hexavalent),
mg/l
0.1
17 Chromium (Total), mg/l 1.0
18 Copper, mg/l 0.2
19 Lead, mg/l 0.1
20 Mercury, mg/l 0.01
21 Nickel, mg/l 3.0
The proposed drilling operations require to discharge treated wastewater only after achieving
above standards and or as specifically imposed by the State Pollution Control Board in its
permit to operate for drilling of proposed exploratory well.
9.4 Restoration and Rehabilitation
9.4.1 Well Abandonment
After well testing and evaluation, a decision on whether to abandon or develop the well will
be taken. If no indications of a commercial quantity of oil are encountered, either before or
after testing, the well will be declared dry, accordingly plugged and abandoned, and the site
restored in line with local regulations and good industry practice. As a minimum, the
following steps will be undertaken to restore and rehabilitate the area:
The wellhead and all casing string will be cut off to a minimum depth of 3 m
(10 ft) below ground level.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 144
All concrete structures will be broken up, and the debris disposed off as per the
regulatory requirements.
All other waste products, solid and liquid, will be disposed of in accordance with the
requirements of the EIA and will be treated to render them harmless.
All fencing and access gates will be removed.
All pits whose contents would show regulatory compliance for on-site disposal, at the
time of site closure, will be backfilled and closed out as per the legal requirements.
Waste products, solid and liquid, will be disposed of in accordance with the waste
management plan.
9.4.2 Well Suspension
After well testing and evaluation, if it is decided that the oil field is to be further
appraised, the well site and the access road will be maintained and a separate EIA
conducted for organizing the appraisal and possible development of the oil field. Further
development of the well will depend on the outcome of the EIA and the approval of the
concerned government agencies. The site will not be restored to its original condition
until a decision is taken on the environmental assessment of the field development. Until
then, the fencing will be left intact and the site sealed, although a few security men will
be posted at the site for its protection. The road will be maintained but barriers installed at
suitable locations will control access to it. Block Operator will provide a yearly
environmental monitoring report for this period to the regulatory bodies for their
information. The report will consist of records of any activity, environmental issues, and
the activities planned concerning the well site.
9.5 Greenbelt Development
As per the MoEF&CC, 33% of the project area must be developed for greenbelt purpose.
Most of the activities are sub surface in nature and will not have any impact on the
surface surrounding area. However, adequate green belt will be developed nearby the
proposed well sites and GWHI area.
9.6 Safety during dredging operation
As soon as the drilling operation starts, the area must be confined with red signals/ flags and
sign boards. Public must be informed through announcement etc. DGMS has given
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 145
necessary guidelines for the safety and surveillance against these occupational hazards wise
prevention measures. Initial & periodical examination will be conducted. FORM-O is
prescribed as Medical examination for every employee as per Rules- 1955. Details of tests
are given in the form provided that in case any dust/emission related diseases need to be
conducted more frequently as the examination authority deems necessary
Normal sanitary facilities will be provided in the nearby area. The management will carry out
periodic health check up of workers.
Occupational hazards involved are related to dust pollution, noise pollution, and injuries from
moving machineries & equipment and fall in to the reservoir. All necessary first aid and
medical facilities will be provided to the workers. The site will be well equipped with proper
fire protection and firefighting equipment. All operators and mechanics will be trained to
handle fire-fighting equipments. Further all the necessary protective equipments such as
helmets, safety goggles, earplugs, earmuffs, etc. will be provided to persons working at site
as per OHSAS.
9.6.1 Disaster Management Plan
The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is a guide, giving general considerations, directions,
and procedures for handling emergencies likely to arise from planned operations.
Structure
The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is supposed to be a dynamic, changing, document
focusing on continual improvement of emergency response planning and arrangements. A
structure working on a Plan, Do, Check & Review (PDCR) cycle has been therefore
suggested. Another advantage of doing this is to have a system that is in synchronicity with
commonly used SHE systems such as ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.
Policy
The Safety Health and Environmental (SHE) policy should be existing & accessible to all at
site and to other stakeholders. The policy should be framed considering legislative
compliance, stakeholder involvement, continual improvement, and management by
objectives.
Planning
Identification & Prevention of Possible Emergencies
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 146
Possible emergency situations can broadly be classified into drowning, vehicle collision, and
inundation. Additional emergencies can be developed based on audit or other procedures
prior to commencement of operations.
Emergency Prevention
Some of the ways of preventing emergencies are as follows:
Preparation of a Preventive Maintenance Schedule Programme and also covering
maintenance schedules for all critical equipments and instruments as per
recommendations of the manufacturer’s user manuals.
Importantly, it is of great importance to collect and analyze information pertaining to
minor incidents and accidents at the site, as well as for recording near-misses or
emergencies that were averted. This information gives an indication of how likely or
unlikely it is for the site to face actual emergency and what shall be further action to
prevent them from occurring.
Establishment of an ongoing training and evaluation programme, incorporating the
development of capabilities amongst employees about potential emergencies and
ways and means of identifying and averting the same. Most emergencies do not occur
without some incidence or an abnormal situation. So there is always sometime of few
seconds to few minutes to arrest an incident of abnormal situation from turning in to
an emergency. This is the role of the in-charge who is the incident controller (IC)
along with his team.
Emergency Plan Objectives
Specific objectives of the Emergency Response Plan are to be clearly listed about the
responses desired for successful management of the possible emergency situations.
Suggested objectives could include:
To define and assess emergencies, including risk and environmental impact
assessment.
To control and contain incidents.
To safeguard employees.
To minimize damage to property or / and the environment.
To inform employees, the general public and the authority on the hazards / risks
assessed.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 147
Safeguard provided residual risk if any and the role to be played by them in the
event of emergency.
To inform authorities like Safety and Fire Department and Mutual Aid Centers to
come up for help.
For effective rescue and treatment of casualties and to count the injured.
To identify and list fatal accidents if any.
To secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and to restore normally.
To provide authoritative information to the news media.
To preserve records, equipments etc. and to organize investigation into the cause
of the emergency and preventive measures to stop its recurrence.
To ensure safety of staff and patients and resume work.
To work out a plan with all provisions to handle emergencies and to provide for
emergency.
Preparedness and the periodical rehearsal of the plan.
Setting-up of Emergency Infrastructure
To enable the key persons to implement the DMP, the following infrastructure will require to
be set up:
ASSEMBLY POINTS
In case of emergency, the site needs to be evacuated immediately. On evacuation, people will
go to pre-assigned assembly points. The charge will be taken by shift in charge, in his
absence person deployed by In-charge/HSE Head/Contractor will be in charge of respective
assembly points, and will supervise Assembly and Head Count. A Board indicating the
Assembly Point having relevant information is placed at point for guidance.
Liaison with State Authorities
Government authorities, local hospital, police fire services, taluka, district collector will be
kept informed about the occurrence and development of any incident by the In-charge/HSE
Head/Contractor and procure necessary help and guidance from these authorities.
TASK FORCE OF ESSENTIAL STAFF
A task force of essential trained staff is made available to get work done by the HSE Head.
Task Force personnel shall be trained to perform tasks as mentioned above.
Emergency Control Center
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 148
Site In-charge office will act as Emergency Control Center and provided with required
communication facilities. The Control Center is situated in an area of minimum risk and close
to the road to allow for ready access by a vehicle if other systems fail or extra communication
facilities are needed to be set up. The Emergency control center should consist of following
items:
External telephones
Internal telephones
E-Mail facilities
Emergency plan
Stationeries
Torches and emergency lights
Ropes and Life Jackets
I. Fire Fighting
Person noticing the fire shall immediately raise alarm and ask the nearest person to inform In-
charge. Fire water network/foam pourers and portable Fire Extinguisher shall be used in an
attempt to extinguish the fire, by the person at site at 24X7. In-charge shall assess the severity
of fire and if likely to be severe shall take following steps:
Call fire tenders and mobile trailer pump from nearby fire department.
Call for assembly of all persons at assembly points
Arrange for turning "OFF" main switch of electricity supply
II. Emergency Preparedness for Electrical Shock
Source of power should be put off immediately in case of any electrical shock.
Injured person should be shifted to safe place.
Persons engaged in rescuing operation should use all Personal Protective Equipments
(PPE) and take appropriate precaution while removing the injured persons.
Trained persons are engaged to give first-aid treatment to injured persons.
In case of major injury, the injured is shifted to the Dispensary/Hospital.
In case of electrical fire, only CO2 type Fire Extinguisher is used.
Accident report in prescribed form is sent to appropriate authority in case of
reportable injury.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 149
All the persons engaged to carry out this operation should be equipped with
appropriate PPEs like safety shoes, helmets, dust masks etc.
III. Natural Disasters
EARTHQUAKE
When earthquake hits, all persons shall be encouraged to run out in the open
areas designated as Assembly Points.
All the electrical supply should be disconnected by the electrical department.
All key personnel shall reach site immediately and carry out designated
responsibilities
Steps detailed in Emergency preparedness are to be carried out.
As soon as earthquake tremor stops – Incharge shall:
Check all areas to ensure that fire is doused.
Check all areas for persons trapped inside.
Search and Rescue Operation shall be launched with help of
Workers, if there is obvious damage to building.
FLOOD
As soon as the water level starts rising up, a siren must be wailed to make the workers
aware of the matter.
All the dredging activity must be stopped immediately. Workers shall be encouraged
to evacuate the site.
All the equipments should be removed and power supply must be cut. .
IV. Treatment of Affected Persons
Injured / Affected persons shall be provided suitable first-aid treatment and sent to
Doctors/Empanelled hospitals for further treatment depending on injury.
Patients requiring further treatment shall be sent in Ambulances to Hospitals in
Mehsana/Ahmedabad.
Patients suffering from minor problems shall be discharged and sent home after
preliminary treatment.
V. Post Emergency Activities
Medical checkup: Medical checkup of affected persons if any and suitable medical
aid shall be provided.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 150
Collection of Records: Exact information shall be collected regarding cause of
Emergency and remedial measures suggested preventing recurrence.
Inquiry: Detailed inquiry shall be carried out to find out cause, which will be in the
form of fact-finding and recommendations made to suitable authority.
Insurance Claims (if any): Insurance claims for damage due to consequences of
emergency shall be filed.
VI. Training
Regular training of all concerned personnel will be conducted to enable the Staff to face any
type of Emergency be it Natural Disasters, Fire in Equipment, any other mishap at site.
Table 9.5: Control and Action Plan of the Incidents
S.No Causes Control Procedure Responsible Person
(Designation)
1 Heavy
rainfall or
flood
Closing the drilling
operation
Siren Wailing for
Workers .
Stopping of drilling
activity.
Confinement of the
Area by making sign
boards.
Site In-charge/ HSE
Manager
2 Poor Cabling
/ Earthling
To Rotating
Equipments
Periodic servicing
of electrical
instruments.
Periodic Inspection
/ Audit of Electrical
equipments – cables
and accessories
Non Compliance to
SOP.
Section VII – Works
of Licensees of Indian
Electricity Rules 2003
Electrical In charge
3 Head on
collision
between
vehicle and
another
vehicle (due
to poor
Haul road should be
sprinkled
Regularly.
Driving at night
shall be avoided.
Driver should be
RTO licensed
Sprinkling of water in
haul road as per Reg.
124MMR 1961 and
appointment of RTO
licensed drivers
Site In-charge/ HSE
Manager
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 151
S.No Causes Control Procedure Responsible Person
(Designation)
visibility or
incompetent
drivers)
holder for driving
vehicle.
Poor vehicle
maintenance
Periodic servicing
of vehicle, Brakes
and steering
apparatus should be
in good condition.
Headlight and tail
light of the vehicle
should be in good
condition
Procedure for
Maintenance of
Vehicles under Reg.
176 of MMR -1961
Site In-charge/ HSE
Manager
4 Poor
machinery
Maintenance
Periodic servicing
of machineries.
Periodic Inspection
/ Audit of
Machineries and
Structures Non
Compliance to
SOP.
Procedure laid under
Section 174 Chapter
XVI – Machinery and
Plant of MMR 1961
Site In-charge/ HSE
Manager
9.7 Effluents and Solid Waste
All efforts will be made to minimize the waste generated while the project is in progress. The
main types of waste that will be generated are:
Drill cuttings, waste mud, sludge and waste water
Used fuels and chemicals
Used oil and filters
Sewage
Camp waste
Medical waste
9.7.1 Drill Cuttings, Waste Mud, Sludge and Wastewater
A water-based mud system will be used to drill each exploratory well and a base salt
(Potassium Sulphate) will be added to the system to avoid borehole instability problems. Dry
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 152
cuttings will be disposed in an HDPE lined pit. Waste mud, sludge, and wastewater will be
stored on site in HDPE lined pits and will be tested to ascertain hazardous or non-hazardous
nature. HDPE lining will be made with 1mm thick impervious layer. If non hazardous, pits
with these wastes will be closed as per regulatory pit closure protocols. In case of hazardous
status, drilling wastes will be disposed as per the Hazardous Wastes Management Rules
2016.Figure 9.1 below illustrate the water balance for drilling.
Figure 9.1: Water Balance for Drilling
9.7.2 Fuels and Chemicals
Used fuels, oils, and chemicals will be stored in containers in areas lined with impervious
floors and surrounded by containing dykes at the rig site. Recyclable material will
periodically be transported out of the project area and given to the contractors. Disposal of off
specified hazardous wastes will be ensured through the suppliers of the material. IPL, through
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 153
its suppliers ensures that all surplus or residual chemical additives are given back to them on
restocking basis.
9.7.3 Used Oil and Filters
Used Oil & filters and spare parts, can largely be recycled. All such waste will be collected
and transported out of the project area and sold to authorized recyclers.
9.7.4 Sewage
As part of the site preparation stage, a drainage and sewerage system will be constructed for
the camp and the rig. The sewerage system will consist of septic tanks followed by soak pits
for the collection and treatment of wastewater generated from the camp kitchen, laundry, and
showers. Overflow from the soak pits, if any will be sprayed over the ground allowing it to
soak away or evaporate.
Sewage from toilets will go into septic tanks from where, after being treated, the wastewater
will go into a soak pit The semi-solid residue from septic tanks will be periodically cleaned
and transported to municipal solid waste disposal site in Bhuj.
9.7.5 Medical Waste
Small amounts of medical waste like used syringes, bandages, empty medicinal bottles and
other used items will be generated. Usually this may not be more than few kgs (5-10 kgs).
After proper segregation, this waste will be given to the local hospital at Kutch for proper
disposal.
9.7.6 Camp Waste
It is expected that paper, plastics, metal wood, kitchen and food waste will be generated from
the domestic activities during the drilling operations. All camp wastes will be segregated at
the segregation pit built at the project site.
Table 9.6: Quantity of solid waste generated
S No Waste Type Quantity Characteristics
1 Kitchen Waste 50-60 kg/day Organic Waste
2 Drill cuttings 250-500 m3/day/well
Mainly inert material consisting of Shale, sands and clay; and
About 1% of drilling mud
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 154
3 Paper, wood, plastic container (other than chemicals)
50-60 kg/day General scrap
4 Drilling mud (Fluid)
300m3/day Barite Betonite Traces of Heavy metals
5 Used Acid-Lead Batteries
2-3 Batteries/well Acid and lead
All biodegradable waste (food & kitchen waste) at the site will be collected and disposed off
into two small humus pits (each of 2m x 2m x 1.5 m) within the drilling site area away from
common use by rig crewmembers. The humus pits are to be covered with soil on daily basis
to avoid any odour nuisance due to decomposition and check any contact with the flies or
insects. Any non-combustible and non-biodegradable waste, such as glass, metal, and plastic,
will be separated and transported through contractor for disposal.
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 155
CHAPTER-10 : Conclusions The block is mainly located in Mehsana district of Gujarat; 20 km West of Mehsana city.
The block spreads over an area of 12.7 sq. km. on the western rising flank of Ahmedabad
– Mehsana tectonic block of Cambay Basin. Climate of the area varies from Arid to
Semi-arid type. The drilling locations will be planned far away from human habitation.
Hence, the drilling operation is unlikely to have any negative impact on the livelihood of
local population. Further the land will be reinstated to its existing condition as far as
possible.
Two wells Exist in the field. Now, as a part of the reactivation process, Sun petro intends
to drill new appraisal wells in the Field near the existing wellls. In case of discovery,
there will be overall development of the surrounding area due to additional infrastructure
facilities, employment opportunities, etc.
The drilling of the exploration well will result in a range of controlled releases to the
environment with remote possibility for non-routine or accidental releases. The
environmental impact assessment process has systematically identified and assessed all
potential environmental impacts associated with the drilling operations.
The main source of liquid effluents generated during the drilling operations will be from
the spent drilling fluid resulting from the cleaning of the cuttings from the drilling fluid
circulation system. However, the drilling fluid to be used for the drilling of wells will be
water based mud, which will not pose any risk of contamination to subsurface
formations, and the disposal of the fluid and cuttings will also be less problematic.
The drilling fluid comprises of chemicals and the effluents generated during the drilling
will contain only minor traces of heavy metals concentration, well below the CPCB
norms prescribed for effluents. However, the EIA also provides safe guards against high
levels of heavy metals or other hazardous substances in the drilling wastes as it proposes
that the proponent will undertake appropriate tests to ascertain the hazardous/non-
hazardous nature of its drilling wastes before final disposal.
The major solid wastes generated during operations will be the rock cuttings. These will
be separated from the circulation system and adequately dried and stored at site
temporarily in separate cuttings pit.
As a result of the control measures and management processes in place, there should be
no significant impacts resulting from the proposed operations. A detail environmental
EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,
District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd
M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d
Page 156
management plan (EMP), which includes mitigation management matrix as well as
environmental monitoring protocols. This plan is primarily an implementation document
for the operator as well as an au Figure 3.12 dit document for any regulatory body to see
if prescriptions of the EIA are being implemented.
To ensure that adverse environmental impacts are minimized and sustainable
development of the area is possible, block operator will ensure that the following
monitoring targets during the drilling operations are at least met:
Periodic check on wastewater discharge quality
Periodic check of water quality of natural water bodies around the drilling site
Performance of comprehensive waste management plan as outlined in the
EMP
Periodic check of protective measures in place.