Contents - Gujarat Pollution Control Board

EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,

District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd

M a n t e c C o n s u l t a n t s P v t L i m i t e d

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Contents

CHAPTER-1 :INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 4

1.0 PREAMBLE...................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 NEED OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................... 4

1.2 SCOPING OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY OF THE PROJECT .............................................................. 5 1.4 TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER-2 :PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................... 16

2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT ...................................................................................................... 16 2.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................... 16 2.3 SALIENT FEATURES .......................................................................................................... 17

2.4 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................... 18 2.5 LAND DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 18 2.6 DRILLING PLAN FOR MODHERA FIELD .......................................................................... 19 2.6.1 DRILLING AND COMPLETION ....................................................................................... 19

2.6.2 WELL DRILLING STRATEGY .......................................................................................... 19 2.7 WELL EVALUATION ........................................................................................................ 20 2.8 COMPLETION OF DRILLING ............................................................................................. 21 2.9 RIG DEMOBILIZATION ..................................................................................................... 21

2.10 RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION ........................................................................... 21 2.11 STAFFING ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.12 SUPPLIES DURING WELL DRILLING ............................................................................... 22 2.13 WASTE STREAMS ........................................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER-3 :DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ....................................................... 26

3.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 26 3.2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND ITS ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 26

3.3 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT (REGIONAL) ................................................................... 29 3.3.1 TOPOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY .......................................................................................... 29 3.3.2 CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................... 30 3.3.3 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................... 30

3.4 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT (LOCAL) ......................................................................... 31 3.4.1 MICRO-METEOROLOGY ................................................................................................ 31 3.4.2 TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 33 3.4.3 LAND USE ..................................................................................................................... 33




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3.4.4 SOIL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 34 3.4.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 35 3.4.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................. 45 3.4.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 47

3.4.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 55 3.4.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 60

CHAPTER-4 : ... ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 77

4.1 IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................... 77 4.1.1 THE MAJOR ACTIVITIES THAT MAY HAVE IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT ...................... 78 4.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................... 79 4.2.1 PHYSICAL PRESENCE .................................................................................................... 79

4.2.2 NOISE AND VIBRATION ................................................................................................ 79 4.2.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 81 4.2.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 90

4.2.5 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE IMPACTS.................................................................. 91 4.2.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 92 4.3 IMPACT ON ECOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 94 4.3.1 PROPOSED MITIGATING MEASURES ............................................................................. 96

CHAPTER-5 :ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................... 98

CHAPTER-6 :ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM ....................................... 99

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULE ................................................................ 100 6.2 MONITORING OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS ..................................................................... 106

6.3 REPORTING SCHEDULE OF MONITORING DATA .......................................................... 107

CHAPTER-7 :ADDITIONAL STUDIES ........................................................................... 108

7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 108 7.1.1 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 112

7.1.2 BLOWOUTS DURING DRILLING / TESTING OPERATIONS ........................................... 112 7.1.3 CAUSES OF DRILLING BLOWOUTS .............................................................................. 112 7.1.4 CAUSES OF PRODUCTION BLOWOUTS ........................................................................ 113 7.1.5 RISK CRITERIA ............................................................................................................ 113 7.1.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................. 115 7.1.7 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 116 7.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ................................................................ 117 7.3 PUBLIC HEARING .......................................................................................................... 119




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CHAPTER-8 :PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................. 120

8.1 DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP .................................................................................................. 120 8.2 IMPORTS VS. INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION ...................................................................... 120 8.3 EXPORT POSSIBILITY ...................................................................................................... 120 8.4 DOMESTIC/ EXPORT MARKETS..................................................................................... 120 8.5 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ......................................................................................... 120

CHAPTER-9 :ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 122

9.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 122

9.1.1 HSE POLICY OF BLOCK OPERATOR ........................................................................... 122 9.1.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................ 123 9.1.3 ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................ 124 9.2 MITIGATION PLAN ........................................................................................................ 125

9.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................................................... 137 9.4 RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION .......................................................................... 143 9.4.1 WELL ABANDONMENT ............................................................................................... 143

9.4.2 WELL SUSPENSION ..................................................................................................... 144 9.5 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 144 9.6 SAFETY DURING DREDGING OPERATION ....................................................................... 144 9.6.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................ 145

9.7 EFFLUENTS AND SOLID WASTE ..................................................................................... 151 9.7.1 DRILL CUTTINGS, WASTE MUD, SLUDGE AND WASTEWATER ................................. 151 9.7.2 FUELS AND CHEMICALS ............................................................................................. 152 9.7.3 USED OIL AND FILTERS .............................................................................................. 153

9.7.4 SEWAGE ...................................................................................................................... 153 9.7.5 MEDICAL WASTE ........................................................................................................ 153 9.7.6 CAMP WASTE ............................................................................................................. 153

CHAPTER-10 :CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................... 155




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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1.1: STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 5

TABLE 1.2: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY.............................................................................................. 5

TABLE 1.3 : POINT-WISE COMPLIANCE OF PRESCRIBED TOR ............................................................. 8

TABLE 2.1 : SALIENT FEATURE OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................. 17

TABLE 3.1: LANDUSE/LANDCOVER .......................................................................................................... 33

TABLE 3.2: SOIL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 35

TABLE 3.3: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF PROJECT SITE ............................................................. 39

TABLE 3.4: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF MODHERA VILLAGE ............................................... 39

TABLE 3.5: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF RANELA ...................................................................... 40

TABLE 3.6: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF JETPUR ......................................................................... 41

TABLE 3.7: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF RUPPURA KARANPURA ......................................... 42

TABLE 3.8: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF KARANPURA ............................................................. 43

TABLE 3.9: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF DHANPURA ............................................................... 43

TABLE 3.10: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF CHADASANA .......................................................... 44

TABLE 3.11: NOISE MONITORING RESULTS ............................................................................................ 46

TABLE 3.12: SURFACE WATER QUALITY RESULTS ................................................................................ 48

TABLE 3.13: GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS ............................................................................. 51

TABLE 3.14: GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS ............................................................................. 53

TABLE 3.15: LARGE TREES SPECIES FOUND IN STUDY AREA ............................................................ 55

TABLE 3.16: SHRUBS FOUND IN STUDY AREA ........................................................................................ 56

TABLE 3.17: HERBS FOUND IN STUDY AREA .......................................................................................... 56

TABLE 3.18: AGRICULTURAL CROPS FOUND IN STUDY AREA ......................................................... 56

TABLE 3.19: AMPHIBIAN IN STUDY AREA ............................................................................................... 56

TABLE 3.20: REPTILES IN STUDY AREA ..................................................................................................... 57

TABLE 3.21: BIRDS SPICES FOUND IN STUDY AREA .............................................................................. 57

TABLE 3.22: MAMMALS IN STUDY AREA ................................................................................................. 57

TABLE 3.23: ANNELIDA IN STUDY AREA ................................................................................................. 57

TABLE 3.24: TABLE: LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA ...................................................... 60

TABLE 3.25: LIST OF VILLAGES IN THE STUDY AREA ........................................................................... 63

TABLE 3.26: DEMOGRAPHIC PARTICULARS/POPULATION DETAILS OF THE STUDY AREA .. 64

TABLE 3.27: VILLAGE WISE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION WITH SEX RATIO ................................ 66

TABLE 3.28: VILLAGE WISE SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION WITH SEX

RATIO ........................................................................................................................................................ 69

TABLE 3.29: VILLAGE WISE WORKING POPULATION .......................................................................... 72

TABLE 3.30: BASIC AMENITIES AVAILABLE IN THE STUDY AREA ................................................... 75

TABLE 4.1: IMPACT MATRIX......................................................................................................................... 77

TABLE 4.2: OCCUPATIONAL AND HUMAN EXPOSURE LEVELS ....................................................... 80

TABLE 4.3: PREDICTED GLCS DUE TO FLARING .................................................................................... 82

TABLE 4.4: STACK & EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTIC ............................................................................. 86

TABLE 4.5: PREDICTED MAXIMUM GLCS DUE TO DG SET .................................................................. 86

TABLE 6.1: RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROTOCOL – PRE DRILLING

PHASE ..................................................................................................................................................... 100

TABLE 6.2: RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROTOCOL - DURING

DRILLING PHASE ................................................................................................................................. 102




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TABLE 6.3: RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROTOCOL - POST DRILLING

.................................................................................................................................................................. 104

TABLE 9.1: ENVIRONNEMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN - MITIGATION MANAGEMENT

MATRIX................................................................................................................................................... 125

TABLE 9.2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN - MITIGATION MANAGEMENT

MATRIX (DURING DRILLING PHASE) ......................................................................................... 127

TABLE 9.3: WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................. 138

TABLE 9.4: ONSHORE DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR LIQUID EFFLUENT FROM OIL DRILLING

.................................................................................................................................................................. 142

TABLE 9.5: CONTROL AND ACTION PLAN OF THE INCIDENTS ..................................................... 150

TABLE 9.6: QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED ...................................................................... 153




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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1.1: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY MAP ................................................................................. 7

FIGURE 2.1: LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................... 17

FIGURE 2.2: TYPICAL WELL SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................. 20

FIGURE 3.1: STUDY AREA MAP OF 10 KM RADIAL ZONE ................................................................... 27

FIGURE 3.2: SITE FACILITIES......................................................................................................................... 28

FIGURE 3.3: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF GUJARAT ........................................................................................ 29

FIGURE 3.4: SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA ........................................................................................ 30

FIGURE 3.5: WINDROSE DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................... 32

FIGURE 3.6: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ............................................................................................... 34

FIGURE 3.7: AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS ........................................................................ 38

FIGURE 3.8: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS ...................................................................................... 46

FIGURE 3.9: SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...................................................................... 47

FIGURE 3.10: GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS .................................................................... 50

FIGURE 3.11: FOREST MAP OF GUJARAT (SOURCE: INTERNET) ........................................................ 59

FIGURE 3.12: MAP OF NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN GUJARAT

(SOURCE: INTERNET) ........................................................................................................................... 59

FIGURE 4.1: GLC OF NO2 (24 HOURS) DURING FLARING .................................................................... 83

FIGURE 4.2: GLC OF SO2 (24 HOURS) DURING FLARING ..................................................................... 84

FIGURE 4.3: GLC OF CO (24 HOURS) DURING FLARING ...................................................................... 85

FIGURE 4.4: GLC OF NO2 DURING DG SET OPERATION ....................................................................... 87

FIGURE 4.5: GLC OF PM DURING DG SET OPERATION ......................................................................... 88

FIGURE 4.6: GLC OF CO-1 HR DURING DG SET OPERATION .............................................................. 89

FIGURE 7.1: DRILLING PROCESS DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 111

FIGURE 9.1: WATER BALANCE FOR DRILLING ..................................................................................... 152

LIST OF ANNEXURE Annexure A: Approved ToR

Annexure B: PSC Document

Annexure C: Petroleum Mining Lease Document

Annexure D: Previous Environmental Clearance Letter

Annexure E: Transfer of Environmental Clearance Letter

Annexure F: Transfer of the Assignment of Exploration, Development, Production and Sale

of Products.

Annexure G: QCI/NABET Certificate of the Consultant

Annexure H: NABL Certificate of the Lab

Annexure I: MoEF Certificate of the Lab

Annexure J: Corporate Environmental Policy of Sun Petro




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UNDERTAKING

The Environmental Impact Assessment Report and Environment Management Plan of

Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7

sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana,

Gujarat are sole property of the Sun Petrochemicals Pvt. Ltd (Sun Oil & Natural Gas

Division) Mumbai.




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DECLARATION OF CONSULTANTS Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA of Exploration and Development of

Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village -

Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat. I, hereby, certify that I was a part of

the EIA EMP team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator:

Name: B.M.Sinha

Signature & Date: March 2018

Period of Involvement: September 2017– Present

Contact Information: Mantec Consultants, D-36, Sector-06, Noida-201301

(0120-4215000/804)

Functional Area Experts: S.No. Functional

Areas Name of the

Experts Involvement

(Period & Task*) Signature & Date

1. AP* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control. (Nov-Dec 2017)

06.03.2018

2. WP* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of impacts. (Nov-Dec 2017)

06.03.2018

3. SHW* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste Management. (Nov-Dec 2017)

06.03.2018

4. SE* Mr. Anil Kumar

Consultancy provided in functional area of Socio Economics.( (Nov-Dec 2017)

06.03.2018

5. EB* Mr. Vivek Dwivedi

Consultancy provided in functional area of Ecology & Biodiversity.( (Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018

6. HG* Mr. R. K. Khanna

Consultancy provided in functional areas of Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation. ((Nov-Dec 2017))

06.03.2018

7. GEO* Mr. B.M.

Sinha

Consultancy provided in functional area of Geology. (Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018




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8. SC* Dr. Vivek Dwivedi

Consultancy provided in functional area of Soil Conservation. ((Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018

9. AQ* Mr. S.B. Sinha Consultancy provided in functional area of Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction. ((Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018

10. NV* Mr. A.S.

Brara

Consultancy provided in functional area of Noise study. ((Nov-Dec 2017)) 06.03.2018

11. LU* Mr. Deepak Srivastav

Consultancy provided in functional area of Land Use. (Nov-Dec 2017) 06.03.2018

12. RH* Ms Anuradha Sharma

Consultancy provided in functional area of Risk & Hazards. (Nov-Dec 2017) 06.03.2018

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization

I, A. S. Brara, hereby, confirm that the above-mentioned experts prepared the EIA EMP

Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML

12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana,

Gujarat. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information

mentioned in this statement.

Signature : Name : Mr. A.S. Brara Designation : CMD Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Noida-201301

NABET Certificate No. & Issue date: S.No. 99/ Rev. 63/March 05, 2018

S.No. Functional Area Code Complete name of the Functional Areas

1. AP Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control 2. WP Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of impacts 3. SHW Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste Management 4. SE Socio-Economics 5. EB Ecology & Biodiversity 6. HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation 7. GEO Geology 8. SC Soil Conservation 9. AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction 10. NV Noise/Vibration 11. LU Land Use 12. RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Management




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Executive Summary

M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private Limited (SunPetro) Company is engaged in the business of

Exploration and Production of Crude Oil and Natural Gas. The company holds mining lease

for Modhera field in Gujarat for exploration and production under Production Sharing

Contracts (PSC) signed with the Government of India. Earlier, Government of India had

awarded the Modhera field to Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) under production sharing

contract (PSC) for expeditious exploitation of hydrocarbon. Based on the interpretation of 3D

data, one appraisal well Modhera # 1 was drilled in 2010-11 by IPL. PSC for Modhera field

was transferred to SunPetro on 10th Jun, 2016 by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas

(MoPNG), Government of India. Mining Lease for Modhera Field was transferred and re-

granted to SunPetro from Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) on 19th Aug, 2016 by State

Government.

The application for obtaining ToR to the project was submitted to MoEF&CC, New Delhi.

vide their letter no Sunpetro/Song/Baola(MU)/E&P/MoEF/2018/282 on 30th January 2018.

The project was granted Standard ToR by MoEF&CC, New Delhi on 04th March 2018 vide

its File No.IA-J-11011/523/2017-IA-II(I).

The proposed project is a drilling project, which will use water-based mud during drilling

operation. The expected production of hydrocarbon is 200 barrels per day of crude oil.

The baseline data for the project was collected in the post monsoon season from October

2017 to December 2017. The air monitoring stations were selected in Project Site , Modhera,

Ranela, Jetpur, Ruppura Karanpura, Karanpura, Dhanpura and Chadasana. The concentration

of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO were found in the range of 98-60 µg/m3, 58-31 µg/m3, 16-6

µg/m3 , 26-14 µg/m3 and 0.95 -0.52 mg/m3 respectively. The presence of Hydrocarbon, Non-

Methane Hydro Carbon and Volatile Organic Compounds were not found in the study area.

The air quality modelling was carried out for both the scenario of DG set operation and

Flaring operation. It was observed that flaring will not affect the baseline environment as it

adds very little amount of pollutants as compared to the exisintg baseline concentration. The

results are given below:

S.No. Pollutants Incremental value, µg/m3

Baseline Data, Max, µg/m3

GLC, µg/m3 Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3

1 NO2 (24 hr) 2.87 26 28.87 80 2 SO2 (24 hr) 0.026 16 16.026 80 3 CO (1 hr) 71.3 950 1021.3 4000




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Similarly for the DG set, the GLCs were found in the range of NAAQS 2009.

Parameter Incrmental

Concentration

(g/ m3)


GLCs, µg/m3 Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3

NO2 (24 hr) 25.6 26 51.6 80

PM (24 hr) 12.9 16 28.9 100

CO (1 hr) 123 950 1073 4000

The baseline data for ground water and surface water have also been collected from the

nearby villages. Total five surface water and ten ground water locations were identified for

the sampling. The total coliform and faecal coliforms (MPN/100 ml) were found in the range

of 519-332 and 140-81 respectively. However, in ground water no coliforms were observed.

The overall surface and ground water qualities are found within the range of drinking water

standards except MPN in surface water. Presence of MPN in surafce water can be inferred

that the surface runoff adds faecal matter to the surface water and so the coliforms.

The noise sampling was done in 8 locations in the 1 km area of the project. The baseline

noise are found in day and night in the range of 72.6 – 43.4 dB(A) and 68.2 – 36.2 dB(A).

The soil samples were collected from five sampling location in the study area. The analysis of

soil clearly indicates that teh soil is primarily sandy loam in nature. Sodium absorption ratio

is found in the range of 0.91 to 0.71. CEC is found between 9.56-7.36 meq/100gm while the

NPKs are found in the range of 22.4-18.6 mg/100gm, 0.88-0.78 mg/100gm and 2.6 – 1.8

mg/100gm respectively.

In the study area, there are about 59 identified villages, which are distributed in three

different districts of Gujarat namely Mehsana, Patan and Ahmadabad. Out of these 59

identified habitations, 50 habitations are falling in four sub-districts of Mehsana district

whereas eight habitations in two sub-districts of Patan and only one habitation in one sub-

district of Ahmadabad district. All the identified habitations configuring approximately

21,276 households with population of almost 1,00,909. Based on number of households, the

largest habitation identified is Modhera which is a village with 1,372 households having total

population of 6,373 distributed as 3,335 males and 3,038 females located in Becharaji sub-

district of Mehsana district. The second largest habitation identified based on number of

households is Vadavli which is also a village with 1,172 households which constituting

population of 5,169 with 2,623 males and 2,546 females located in Chanasma sub-district of




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Patan district. In the same manner, the third largest habitation identified is village Balol with

1,161 households having total population of 5,374 distributed as 2,806 males and 2,568

females located at sub-district & district Mehsana. The project village has a government

primary school, a primary health sub-centre and a family welfare centre. The village is

connected with the roads which are black topped (pakka), gravel (kachcha) and footpath

facilitated with public bus services, auto & taxi services. The people of the project village

mostly used Tap and Tank as a sources for drinking water and India Gandhi canal for

irrigation purpose.

The total number of personnel involved in the site construction and drilling activities is

expected to be between aprox.50 and aprox. 80 respectively. Total water requirement is 25

m3/day. The estimated cost of the proposed project is INR 32 million per well and the project

period is six months. The project would generate employment to the local persons and once

the production starts, it will improve the economy of the area and state as well. Proper

mitigation measure and management practices will be used to cater the need of environment

protection. Environmental Monitoring shall be done on regular basis and six months

compliance will be submitted to the Regional Office of MoEF&CC. A budget of Rs

43,30,000/- is earmarked for the EMP.




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CHAPTER-1 : Introduction

1.0 Preamble

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the management tool to ensure the sustainable

development and it is a process, used to identify the environmental, social, and economic

impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making tool, which guides the

decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for any project. EIA systematically examines

both beneficial and adverse consequences of the project and ensures that these impacts are

taken into account during the project designing. It also reduces conflicts by promoting

community participation, information, decision makers, and helps in developing the base for

environmentally sound project. In order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the project,

the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is undertaken, which will be followed by

preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to minimize those adverse

impacts. All the proposed activities shall be commenced at site only after obtaining necessary

approvals from concerned authorities i.e. MoEF&CC /SEIAA and SPCB. Details of Statutory

requirements are given below:

1.1 Need of the Project

With the additional wells at Modhera Field, present crude oil and gas production is expected

to be increased which would contribute in the development of the country and the local area.

The increased production would generate additional revenue for the State Government as

well as for the Central Government by way of payments because of Royalty, CESS, and

taxation. This will also assist in the economic development of this less developed area in

Gujarat by means of generating direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local

people of the region.

1.2 Scoping of the Project

The project envisages monetization of Modhera Oil & Gas field .The proposed wells in

Modhera Field would be connected for production to Group Well Head Installation Facility

(GWHI) very near to the wells. From GWHI, the Crude Oil will be transferred to the nearest

ONGC processing facility (Sobhasan GGS – II) for treatment of the crude to be sold to Indian

Oil Corporation limited (IOCL) or to small private buyers as per the PSC terms. SunPetro

will sell the gas (if found economical after testing) in the local market.




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Details of Statutory requirements are given below:

Table 1.1: Statutory Requirements S.No. Particulars Details 1 Approved ToR MoEF&CC File No.IA-J-11011/523/2017-IA-II(I)

date 04.03.2018. (Enclosed as Annexure-A)

2 Production Sharing Contract

The DGH, MPNG, GoI has issued PSC vide its letter DGH/PF/Baola/PI/PSC Amendment No-1/2016 dated 10.06.2016. (Enclosed as Annexure-B)

3 Petroleum Mining Lease The PML hs been transferred to Sun Petro by Energy and Petrochemicals Department, Gujarat vide Letter No No. PCR-1094-3038-E dated 19.08.2016. (Enclosed as Annexure-C)

4 Earlier Environmental Clearance

F.No. J-11011/730/2009-IA-II(I) dated 24.12.2010 (Enclosed as Annexure-D)

5 Transfer of EC F.No. J-11011/730/2009-IA-II(I) dated 04.12.2017. (Enclosed as Annexure-E)

Transfer of the Assignment of Exploration, Development, Production and Sale of Products

MoPNG File No O-19025/4/2010(Part)-ONGD-V dated 18thMarch 2016. (Enclosed as Annexure-F)

1.3 Environmental Sensitivity of the Project

Environmental sensitivity of the project, which includes important ecological features and

social infrastructures within 10 km radius from the Modhera field, is given below in Table

1.2.

Table 1.2: Environmental Sensitivity

S.No. Sensitive Ecological Features

Name Aerial Distance (in

km.) from Mine

Lease boundary

1 National Park / Wildlife

Sanctuary

None -

2 Reserve forests None -




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3 Tiger Reserve/Elephant

Reserve / Turtle Nesting

Ground

None -

4 Core Zone of Biosphere

Reserve

None -

5 Habitat for migratory birds None -

6 Lakes/Reservoir/Dams Pond at Mithi Ghariyal

Pond at Vijapurda

Pond at Delvada Khant

Pond at Aasjot

Pond at Dethli

Pond at Akba

Pond at Rante

7 km NW of Oil field

4.5 km North

4 k West

2 km South

8 km SW

7 km SW

4.5 km South

7 Stream/Rivers Narmada Canal

Rupen River

Pushpawati River

Khari River

Passing through

the Oil Field Area.

9 km North

4 km North

Passing Through

The Field

8 Estuary/Sea None -

9 Mangroves None -

10 Mountains/Hills None -

11 Notified Archaeological

sites

None -

12 Industries/Thermal Power

Plants

None -

13 Defense Installation None -

14 Airports Ahmedabad Airport 95 kms

15 Railway Lines Becharaji Railway

Station

20 km

16 National / State Highways SH 7

SH 19

SH 134

4 km North

500 m South

3.5 km North

17 Important worship place Shree Jodh Mata

Mandir, Aasjol

Modheshwari Mata

Mandir, Modhera

800 m South

2.8 km North

EIA Report of Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat by M/s Sun Petrochemicals

Pvt. Ltd


Page 7

Figure 1.1: Environmental Sensitivity Map




Page 8

1.4 Terms of Reference

The application for obtaining ToR of the “Exploration and Development of drilling wells

in the existing PML area(PML 12.7 sq. km) of Modhera field at village- Matresan, Tehsil –

Becharaji, District- Mehsana, Gujarat has been submitted by M/s Sun Petrochemicals

Pvt. Ltd. vide their letter no Sunpetro/Song/Modhera(MU)/E&P/MoEF/2018/282 on

30th January 2018.

The project was granted Standard ToR by MoEF&CC, New Delhi on 04th March 2018

vide its File No No.IA-J-11011/523/2017-IA-II(I).

The point-wise compliance of the TOR is given in Table-1.3 as under:-

Table 1.3 : Point-Wise Compliance of Prescribed ToR S. NO. ToR POINT COMPLIANCE

1 Executive summary of a

project

Executive Summary is given at Page No.1.

2 Project description, project

objectives and project benefits.

Project description : Drilling wells in Modhera

Oil/Gas field by M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private

Limited (SunPetro) company in Modhera Oil/Gas

field in District: Mehsana, State: Gujarat.

Modhera field covering an area of 12.7 sq. km.

Number of Existing Wells are 2 whereas new

wells are proposed for drilling.

Proposed Objectives: The project envisages

monetization of Modhera Oil & Gas field .The

proposed wells in Modhera Field will be

connected for production to Group Well Head

Installation Facility (GWHI) very near to the

wells. From GWHI, the Crude Oil will be

transferred to the nearest ONGC processing

facility (Sobhasan GGS – II) for treatment of the

crude to be sold to Indian Oil Corporation

limited (IOCL) or to small private buyers as




Page 9

per the PSC terms. SunPetro will sell the gas

in the local market.

Project benefits: The project is fulfillment of the

Production Sharing Contract between the

Company (Sun Petro) and Directorate General of

Hydrocarbon, Govt. of India. It is one of the

Prospective Areas for natural gases by Ministry

of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Govt. of India.

The viability of the drilling wells will add onto

the natural resources in national level with

overall growth in Indian economy.

3 Cost of project and period of

completion

The estimated cost of the proposed project is INR

32 million per well and the project period is six

months.

4 Site details within 1 km of the

each proposed well, any

habitation, any other

installation/activity, flora and

fauna, approachability to site,

other activities including

agriculture/land, satellite

imagery for 10 km area. All

the geological details shall be

mentioned in the Topo sheet of

1:40000 scale, superimposing

the well locations and other

structures of the projects.

Topography of the project site.

Environmental Sensitive Map and Study Area

Map of 10 km Radial Zone given in Figure 1.1

and Figure 3.1 respectively.

5 Details of sensitive areas such

as National Park, Wildlife

Environmental Sensitivity (within 10 km study

area) is given in Table 1.2.




Page 10

sanctuary and any other eco-

sensitive area alongwith map

indicating distance.

Environmental Sensitivity Map is given in

Figure 1.1.

6 Approval for the forest land

from the State/Central Govt.

under Forest (Conservation)

Act, 1980, if

applicable.

Forest Land is not involved.

7 Recommendation of

SCZMA/CRZ clearance as per

CRZ Notification dated 6th

January, 2011 ( if

applicable)

Not applicable

8 Distance from nearby

critically/severely polluted

area as per Notification, if

applicable. Status of

moratorium imposed on the

area.

Not applicable

9 Does proposal involve

rehabilitation and

resettlement? If yes, details

thereof

No

10 Environmental considerations

in the selection of the drilling

locations for which

environmental clearance is

being sought. Present any

analysis suggested for

minimizing the footprint

giving details of drilling and

development options

The proposed project is an existing oilfield for

which the The PML hs been transferred to Sun

Petro from Interlinked by Energy and

Petrochemicals Department, Gujarat vide Letter

No. PCR-1094-3038-E dated 19.08.2016.

Drilling plan for Modhera field is given in

Chapter 2 at Section 2.6.




Page 11

considered.

11 Baseline data collection for air,

water and soil for one season

leaving the monsoon season in

an area of 10 km radius with

centre of Oil Field as its centre

covering the area of all

proposed drilling wells

The baseline data was collected for post monsoon

season during October 2017 to December 2017.

Results of the air, water, noise, soil, and EB are

given in Chapter-3.

12 Climatology and Meteorology

including wind speed, wind

direction, temperature rainfall

relative humidity etc.

Climatology and Meteorology including wind

speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall

relative humidity data is given in Chapter 3.

13 Details of Ambient Air Quality

monitoring at 8 locations for

PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO,

VOCs, Methane and non-

methane HC.

Details of Ambient Air Quality monitoring are

given in Chapter 3.

14 Soil sample analysis (physical

and chemical properties) at the

areas located at 5 locations

Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical

properties) at the areas located at 5 locations data

is given in Chapter 3.

15 Ground and surface water

quality in the vicinity of the

proposed wells site.

Ground and surface water quality is given in

Chapter 3.

16 Measurement of Noise levels

within 1 km radius of the

proposed wells.

Measurement of Noise levels is given in Chapter

3.

17 Vegetation and land use;

flora/fauna in the block area

with details of endangered

species, if any.

Vegetation and land use; flora/fauna in the block

area with details of endangered species data

given in Chapter 3.

18 Incremental GLC as a result of

DG set operation, flaring etc.

Incremental GLC because of DG set operation,

flaring are given in Section 4.2.3 in Chapter-4.




Page 12

19 Potential environmental

impact envisaged during

various stages of project

activities such as site

activation, development,

operation/ maintenance and

decommissioning.

Potential environmental impact envisaged during

various stages of project activities are given in

Chapter 4.

20 Actual source of water and

'Permission' for the drawl of

water from the Competent

Authority.

Detailed water balance,

wastewater generation and

discharge.

The Rig contractor will source water by the water

tankers.

Total water requirement is 25 m3/day. The water

balance chart is given at Figure 9.1.

21 Noise abatement measures and

measures to minimize

disturbance due to light and

visual intrusions

Details are given in Table 9.1 and Table 9.2 in

Chapter 9.

22 Details on solid waste

management for drill cuttings,

drilling mud and oil sludge,

produced sand, radio

activematerials, other

hazardous materials, etc.

including its disposal options

during all project phases.

Details are given in Section 9.7.5 and 9.7.6 in

Chapter 9.

23 Details on wastewater

generation, treatment and

utilization /discharge for

produced water/ formation

water, cooling waters, other

wastewaters, etc.

Details are given in Section 9.7.1 and in Table

9.1 and Table 9.2 in Chapter 9.




Page 13

duringallprojectphases

24 Disposal of spent oil and lube. Used Oil & filters and spare parts, can largely be

recycled. All such waste will be collected and

transported out of the project area and sold to

authorized recyclers. Details are given in Table

9.1 and Table 9.2.

25 Storage of chemicals and

diesel at site. Hazardous

material usage, storage and

accounting

Storage of chemicals and diesel at site.

Hazardous material usage, storage and

accounting are all done as per the SOP of Sun

Petro which is abide by standard procedure given

in OISD.

26 Commitment for the use of

water based mud (WBM) only.

The drilling will be done by using water based

mud (WBM) only.

27 Oil spill emergency plans for

recovery/ reclamation

Oil spill emergency plans are under preparation

as per OISD Norms and will be incorporated

once prepared and approved.

28 H2S emissions control No H2S emissions associated with the project.

29 Produced oil/gas handling,

processing and

storage/transportation

The proposed project is mainly for oil

production. The produced oil will be stored in a

local storage tank from there it will be

transported to the buyer/local market through

tankers.

30 Details of control of air, water

and noise pollution during

production phase

Regular monitoring will be done after obtaining

Environmental Clearance. Details of control of

air, water, and noise pollution during production

phase are given in Table 9.2 and in Table 9.3.

31 Measures to protect ground

water and shallow aquifers

from contamination.

Details are given in Table 9.2 in Chapter 9.

32 Whether any burn pits being

utilised for well test

operations.

Not Required




Page 14

33 Risk assessment and disaster

management plan for

independent reviews of well

designed construction etc. for

prevention of blow out.

Blowout preventer installation

Risk assessment and disaster management plan

is given in Chapter 7.

Blowout preventer installation will be as per Oil

Industry Safety Directorate (OIDS).

34 Environmental management

plan

Environmental management plan is given in

Chapter 9.

35 Total capital and recurring cost

for environmental control

measures.

Total Budget for the Environmental Monitoring

Program is Rs 43,30,000.00 for next five years

given in Chapter 6.

36 Emergency preparedness plan. Emergency preparedness plan is given in Chapter

9.

37 Decommissioning and

restoration plans

Details are given in section 2.10 in Chapter 2.

38 Documentary proof of

membership of common

disposal facilities, if any.

SunPetro has taken the membership of Treatment

Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF) for the

disposal of Hazardous waste at the time of

drilling.

39 Details of environmental and

safety related documentation

within the company including

documentation and proposed

occupational health and safety

Surveillance Safety

Programme for all personnel at

site. This shall also include

monitoring programme for the

environmental

SunPetro has HSE Apex manual, which includes

1. HSE Policy of SunPetro

2. Environment Aspect-Impact associated with

the projects

3. Hazards & Effects Management Process

4. Risk Matrix

5. Emergency Response Plan

6. Responsibility Matrix

7. Management of Change

8. Contractor’s Safety Management

9. Work for Permit

10. Working at Heights




Page 15

40 A copy of Corporate

Environment Policy of the

company as per the Ministry's

O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-

IA.II(I) dated 26th April, 2011

available on the Ministry's

website.

Copy of Corporate Environmental Policy is

attached as Annexure-J

41 Any litigation pending against

the project and or any

direction/order passed by any

court of law against the

project. If so details thereof.

No litigation is pending against the project.




Page 16

CHAPTER-2 : Project Description

2.1 Project Proponent

M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private Limited (SunPetro) Company is engaged in the business of


for Modhera Gas field in Gujarat for exploration and production under Production Sharing

Contracts (PSC) signed with the Government of India. PSC for Modhera field was transferred

to SunPetro on 10th June, 2016 by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG),

Government of India.

The Modhera field, discovered in 1982 by Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC), is

situated about 30 km southwest of Mehsana city in Gujarat. The location of the field is on the

western rising flank of Ahmedabad-Mehsana tectonic block of Cambay Basin. Modhera

structure is an anticline having N-S axis. The reservoir sand is thinning towards east of the

structure. Hydrocarbon entrapment in this field is mainly attributed to this structural feature.

Government of India awarded this field to Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) under

production sharing contract for expeditious exploitation of hydrocarbon. State Government

transferred mining Lease for Modhera Field to SunPetro from Interlink Petroleum Limited

(IPL) on 19 Aug 2016.

Sun Petro intends to drill appraisal wells in the field near the existing two wells. The

estimated cost of the proposed project is INR 32 million per well. Modhera # 1 well in the

field is currently producing the crude oil and is in testing phase.

2.2 Brief description of the project

The Project involves the monetization of Modhera Field through Crude Oil and Gas

production. The site has two existing wells at present. One is very old wells drilled by ONGC

and other one was by Interlink. The various activities of the project are:

Drilling of new wells in future

Construction of Group Well Head Installation




Page 17

Figure 2.1: Location map of the project

2.3 Salient Features

Salient features of the project are given below in the Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Salient feature of the project

Name of the Project Exploration and Development of Drilling Wells in the

Existing PML area (PML 12.7 sq.km) of Modhera

Field at Village - Matresan, Tehsil - Becharaji,

District- Mehsana, Gujarat.

Location Modhera Oil/Gas field in District: Mehsana, State:

Gujarat

Size of the Project Modhera field covering an area of 12.7 sq. km.

Number of Existing Wells 02

Ground Elevation 25 metres above MSL

Depth of each Well Average depth 1500-2000 m below MSL




Page 18

Total Estimated Drilling

Period for each well

90 days

Total Estimated Testing

Period for each well

21 days

Type of hydrocarbon

expected

Oil (200 bbls per day),

Gas (secondary)

Proposed Drilling Fluid for

each well

Water-based mud system (Environmental friendly

system)

Anticipated Volume of

Cuttings for each well

250-500 cu. metres (approximately)

Estimated Cost of the

Project

INR 32 million per well

2.4 Project Benefits

The project is fulfillment of the Production Sharing Contract between the Company (IPL) and

Directorate General of Hydrocarbon, Govt. of India. It is one of the prospective areas for

natural gases by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Govt. of India. The viability of the

appraisal drilling will add onto the natural resources in national level with overall growth in

Indian economy.

2.5 Land Details of the Project Modhera Field has a total Mining Lease Area of 12.7 Sq. Km and the land for the existing

wells is taken on lease. The additional land associated with drilling and development

operations of proposed wells is being acquired on lease / rental basis from the farmers on

prevailing prices. The land is flat with slope ranging from 0 to 1 % medium black and sandy

loam soil. The most predominant problem of soil in this area is loss of upper fertile soil layer,

which is washed away by intensity of rainfall. The land use within the Modhera Field can

be broadly classified into Land under agriculture use, Rainfed area, Gauchar Land, Waste

Land (Cultivable & Non-Cultivable).




Page 19

2.6 Drilling Plan for Modhera Field

2.6.1 Drilling and Completion

In Modhera field, the Drilling TD for kalol zone is 900-1000 m & for cambay zone is 1800-

1900 m( To be decided based on the testing result of Modhera#02 well, 8 ½” section drilling

to be decided) otherwise well is completed in 12 ¼” section with 9 5/8” Casing in kalol). The

well construction will be planned with three Casing policies and for this drilling rig of 150

ton or 750 hp will be deployed. The Kalol zone is planned to be 9 5/8” casing.

Drilling rig package include Rig, capable to drill may be up to a depth of 2000 mtrs, carrier

mounted from drilling contractor. In addition, other services such as Mud services, logging,

cementing, site construction etc. will be used.

2.6.2 Well Drilling Strategy

It is proposed to drill exploratory and development wells for the two fields operated by

SunPetro in same campaign so as to save on Mob-demob charges. This will also help in

optimizing expenditure on materials consumed. The surface hole will be spud with open

cellar to drill up to approx. 50 mtrs.

The main drilling challenge is to mud loss and mud channelling on surface. After drilling of

top 50 mtr, further drilling may be carried out with control rate ROP. Surface hole will be

drilled with bentonite mud and the lower 12 ¼” section may be drilled with KCL POLYMER

mud. While drilling if encounter shale formation, shale inhabitations chemicals will be used

and to avoid differential stuck of pipe, proper lubrication will be added in Mud system in case

of sticky clay observed. Further mud improvement through monitoring may be carried out so

that it will not damage the reservoir.

Typical Well Design (Production, injection, etc.)

The wells will be drilled vertically with three casing policy:- Typical casing configuration is

as follows.

1. The surface casing – 13 3/8” BTC J-55, 61 PPF depth approx. 400-500 mtr

2. The Intermediate casing – 9 5/8” L-80, 43.5 ppf, Setting depth 1100 m.

3. Production Casing 7” casing with L-80, 29 ppf casing shoe depth approx. 2000

mtr.( (Depending upon the result of Modhera#02 well, Cambay testing result,8 ½”

section will drilled, otherwise well is completed in 12 ¼” section with 9 5/8”

Casing in Kalol).)




Page 20

The completion string is planned of 2 7/8” EUE tubing. The typical well head consist of 13

3/8” surface casing well head 3M, 11”x 5M intermediate & 7 1/16”x5M tubing hanger spool

with 7 1/16” x 5M, 2 1/16” side out let v/v X-mass tree. Surface 13 3/8” casing setting depth

is planned at approx. 400-500 mts.

Cementing of 13 3/8” casing is planned as single stage cementing, with shoe track of about

20 mtr. Cementing of 9 5/8” casing is also planned as single stage cementing, with shoe

track of about 20 mtr. Cement weight will be between 1.35-1.65 Sg. Disposal of drill cutting

will done as per standard Oil industry HSE policy.

The wells in Modhera field are planned as vertical wells. The vertical stand-off for casing

setting is as per technical specifications.

Figure 2.2: Typical Well schematic

2.7 Well Evaluation

i) Well Logging

Between the drilling operations for different zones, logging operations are undertaken

to provide information on the potential type and quantities of hydrocarbons present in

the target formations.




Page 21

Technicians employed by a specialist logging Service Company do well logging.

There are many different well logging techniques including electric, sonic and

radioactive logging. Logging instruments (sensors) are attached to the bottom of a

wire line and lowered to the bottom of the well. They are then slowly brought back,

the devices reading different data as they pass each formation and recording it on

graphs, which can be interpreted by the geologist, geophysicist and drilling engineer.

No emissions are associated with wire line logging operations. The radioactive source

required for well logging operations will be kept in specially designed container under

proper storing license.

ii) Well Testing

Normally, in the event that hydrocarbons are encountered in sufficient quantities, as

determined by electric wire line logs, a temporary drill stem test string may be run and

the well fluids flowed to surface and processed using a surface well testing package.

2.8 Completion of Drilling

On completion of activities, the well will be either plugged and suspended (if the well

evaluations indicate commercial quantities of hydrocarbons) or will be killed and

permanently abandoned. In the event of a decision to suspend the well, it will be filled

with a brine solution containing very small quantities of inhibitors to protect the well.

The well will be sealed with cement plugs and some of the wellhead equipment (Blind

Flange) will be left on the surface (Cellar).

If the well is abandoned, it will be sealed with a series of cement plugs, all the

wellhead equipment will be removed leaving the surface clear of any debris and the

site will be restored.

2.9 Rig Demobilization

Demobilization will involve the dismantling of the rig and residential camp, and

transporting it out of the project area. It is expected that demobilization will take

approximately 180 days and will require around 50 truckloads.

2.10 Restoration and Rehabilitation

If no indications of a commercial quantity of oil are encountered either before or after

testing, the well will be declared dry, accordingly plugged and abandoned, and the site




Page 22

restored in line with local regulations and good industry practice. As a minimum, the

following steps will be undertaken to restore and rehabilitate the area:

The wellhead and all casing string will be cut off to a minimum depth of 3 m (10

ft) below ground level.

All concrete structures will be broken up, and the debris disposed off as per the

regulatory requirements.

All other waste products, solid and liquid, will be disposed of in accordance with

the requirements of the EIA and will be treated to render them harmless.

All fencing and access gates will be removed.

All pits whose contents would show regulatory compliance for on-site disposal, at

the time of site closure, will be backfilled and closed out as per the legal

requirements. Tree plantation will be done on the closed pits to restore the original

top soil conditions.

That portion of the access track likely to be of no use for other exploratory wells

in the reserved forest will be restored by removing cross drainage structures.

2.11 Staffing

The total number of personnel involved in the site construction and drilling activities

is expected to be between aprox.50 and aprox. 80 respectively. At any one time there

will be 25-35 staff and security personnel on the well site thus a small accommodation

area will be set up to provide boarding & lodging. Rest of the staff will be housed in

contractor’s camp and will commute on 12 hrs shift basis to the well site.

2.12 Supplies during Well Drilling

All supplies, both for the drilling rig and machinery and for the camp at the well site

as well as drilling site will be transported probably from Mehsana and/or Ahmedabad.

This will include all fuels and oils, chemicals for drilling mud, spare parts for the rig,

vehicles, and food and other supplies for the residential camp. Fuels, oils, and

chemicals will be unloaded in designated areas with impermeable floors (either

concrete or covered with an impermeable material) and lined by dykes or walls to

prevent soil and water contamination from spills. A catering company will be

contracted to provide the messing facility at the residential camp.

Fuel




Page 23

It is estimated that approximately 170 liters of fuel (high-speed diesel) will be

consumed per hour during the drilling operation for all uses. The fuel will be provided

by the drilling contractor and transported to site in tankers.

Water

During the drilling process, a maximum of 25 m3/day/well (25,000 liters) of water

will be required to run the drill rig continuously, 24 hours a day. The total water

requirement for the drilling phase is estimated to be 2250 m3 for each well. This does

not include the volume of water for dilution of wastewater, if required, for discharge

into natural drains.

The water will be sourced through authorized vendors to meet the water requirement

during drilling.

Electricity

Diesel generators will be used to generate power to operate the drill rig and for the

residential camp. It is estimated that four diesel-engine generators, each with a

capacity of 360 KVA, will be sufficient for rig operations.

Chemical Usage

Various chemicals will be used during the drilling phase. At the planning stage, an

estimate of the potential usage for every chemical will be made. Some of the

major chemicals, which are planned to be used for the drilling campaign, are as

follows:

Barite Defoamer Chrome free Lignosulphate Shale Inhibitor Oxygen Scavenger Sodium Bicarbonate Bentonite Caustic Soda-only in drums Concentrated Corrosion Inhibitor. PAC (Polyanionic Cellulose) Xanthum Gum Bactericide. Cloud Point Glycol




Page 24

Mica Nut plug Kwik-Seal. Wyoming Bentonite.

During the operation, chemical usage will be monitored and efforts will be made to reduce

chemical usage as much as technically feasible.

2.13 Waste Streams

The following types of wastes are likely to be generated during exploratory drilling:

Drill Cuttings: comprising of drilled formation cuttings, mainly comprise of shale,

sands and clay;

Waste drilling fluid (mud): Generated from treatment of return drilling fluid from

well for solids removal;

Drilling Wastewater: The drilling wastewater generated as a result of washings of

drilling cuttings, silt and sand comprises of chemical ingredients of drilling fluid

thereby rendering effluent to be polluted and needs prior treatment before

discharge to meet the given criteria for its discharge;

Chemical Sludge: Wastewater treatment would result in generation of chemical

sludge.

Hydrocarbon Wastes: Used oils from oil changes, waste, or leakage from

equipment or diesel storage tanks. Used oil (from engine oil changes) is

designated as hazardous;

Non hazardous solid waste: Non hazardous wastes like paper, wood, plastics,

containers, etc.,

Off specified hazardous wastes: Off specified hazardous wastes are Containers

(including poly bags) holding hazardous ingredients like fluid, or testing

chemicals, or previously holding volumes of hazardous chemicals or used

batteries, etc.; and

Medical Wastes: Medical wastes like bandages; syringes; etc are also classified as

hazardous.




Page 25

Biodegradable waste: The drilling/camp site would generate food waste or fallen

leaves constituting biodegradable wastes.

Air Emissions: The air emissions due to the proposed exploratory drilling will be

from combustion of diesel in the diesel generators for meeting power requirement

of the drilling rig.




Page 26

CHAPTER-3 : Description of Environment

3.1 Overview

A clear understanding of both the physical and biological characteristics of the local

environment is important in the planning for the proposed appraisal drilling wells in Modhera

field, Mehsana District of Gujarat. Identification of both typical and extreme physical

conditions that may occur over the drilling period for the proposed exploration allows

prediction of the fate of any discharges from drilling operations and enables selection of the

appropriate rig, equipment, and training, thereby maximizing levels of safety for the duration

of the operation and minimizing the damage to local environment.

Knowledge of the characteristics of the local biological environment allows an understanding

of the potential for the operations to interact with the flora and fauna so that appropriate

controls can be adopted to mitigate negative impacts.

3.2 Site Description and Its Environment

The project site is located within Modhera Gas Field under Becharaji Tehsil of Mehsana

District in Gujarat. The Modhera Gas Field is surrounded by rural areas in the 10 km radial

zone of the present study. The study area of 10 km radial zone is shown in Figure 3.1 with

main features and villages of the study area. The study area falls in Mehsana district of

Gujarat.


Pvt. Ltd


Page 27

Figure 3.1: Study Area Map of 10 km Radial Zone


Pvt. Ltd


Page 28

Figure 3.2: Site Facilities




Page 29

3.3 State of the Environment (Regional) 3.3.1 Topography & Geology The geology is underlain by recently placed alluvial sands and few sporadic outcrops of

Deccan Trap and Limestone towards southern part of the region, The rock formations ranging

in age from Archaean to recent include gneises, schishts, phyllites, intrusive medium to

coarse grain sandstone, basalts and recents alluvium. The Geological Map of Gujarat state is

given as Figure 3.3) (Source: Internet)

Figure 3.3: Geological Map of Gujarat The topography of the area is almost flat covered by brown sandy and clayey soil and has

gentle southerly and south westerly slope (towards Gulf of Khambat). The elevation of the

land surface varies from 53 ft to 104 ft above MSL. There are no hills, hillocks or undulating

land in the region.




Page 30

3.3.2 Climate

Study area has a tropical type of climate with extreme summers and winters. The Arabian Sea

and Gulf of Khambhat reduce the temperature and render the climate more pleasant and

healthy. The average annual temperature varies from 36ºC in summer to 8ºC in winter. The

relative humidity varies from maximum of 90% to a minimum of 10%. The area receives an

average annual rainfall of 732 mm. The predominant wind direction for the study period

varies from North, West, North-West, North-North-West, North-East, North- North- East to

South-East

The study area is characterized by hot summers and the four different seasons are as follows :

Winter Season : December to February

Summer Season : March to May

Monsoon Season : June to September

Post-monsoon Season : September to November.

3.3.3 Seismic Considerations

According to the Seismic-zoning Map of India [IS 1893 (Part I):2002], the study region falls

in Zone III – Moderate Seismic Intensity. The Seismic Zoning Map is shown in Figure 3.4

Figure 3.4: Seismic Zoning Map of India




Page 31

3.4 State of the Environment (Local)

The environmental status of the local vicinity at 10 km radial zone around the project site has

been studied during the post monsoon season October, November, and December 2017 and

the details are given in the following sub-sections:

3.4.1 Micro-Meteorology

Meteorological study exerts a critical influence on air quality, as it is an important factor in

governing the ambient air quality. The meteorological data recorded during the study period

is used for interpretation of the baseline information as well as input for air quality

simulation models. Meteorological data was collected in post monsoon season for the period

from October 2017 to December 2017.

The wind rose diagram for the study area is shown in Figure 3.5. The analysis of the average

wind pattern shows predominant winds from E, NNE, N, ENE. The calm wind (wind speed <

1.53 m/s) conditions prevailed for 26.31 % of the total time.




Page 32

Figure 3.5: Windrose diagram




Page 33

3.4.2 Topography

The topography of the project site and the study area of 10 km radial zone are almost plain.

The elevation of the study area varies from 15 m to 32 m in general. However, in the northern

side of the study area the elevations are in the range of 22 to 32 m above MSL with a gentle

slope towards south & south-west of the project site. There are no hills, hillocks or undulating

land in the study area.

3.4.3 Land Use

The landuse within the Modhera Field have been studied and it can be broadly classified

into five major categories viz., Settlement, Waste Land, Vegetation, Water bodies and open

and agricultural. The land use distribution in the Modhera Gas Field Area is as follows:

Table 3.1: Landuse/Landcover

S.No Classes Area (sq.km)

Area in %

1 Open & Agriculture 443.44 93.77

2 Settlement 6.17 1.30

3 Vegetation 15.38 3.25

4 Water Bodies 7.16 1.51

5 Waste Land 0.74 0.16

Total 472.89 100.00




Page 34

Figure 3.5: Land Use Map of Modhera Field

3.4.4 Soil Environment

Soil samples were collected from five locations of the 10 km study are around the Modhera

field. Soil location map and the results are given below:

Figure 3.6: Soil Sampling Locations




Page 35

Table 3.2: Soil Analysis

Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Location 4 Location 5

Location Project Site Modhera Chadasna Chhatasana Ruppura

Karanpura

Sr. No. Parameters Units

Value Value Value Value Value

1 pH - 8.02 7.38 7.82 8.28 8.08

2 Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.28 1.41 1.36 1.42 1.32

3 Conductivity Micro

mhos/cm 212 348 572 254 345

4 Moisture % 5.6 6.8 5.2 6.6 5.8

5 Texture - Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

6 Sand % 68 70 66 72 54

7 Clay % 14 10 14 10 14

8 Silt % 18 20 20 18 32

9 Sodium mg/100gm 3.2 2.8 3.4 2.4 3.1

10 Potassium mg/100gm 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.6

11 CEC meq/100gm 9.56 7.36 9.32 7.48 9.12

12 Nitrogen mg/100gm 20.4 18.6 22.4 19.2 21.4

13 Phosphorous mg/100gm 0.78 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.88

14 Organic Matter %

1.28 1.18 1.16 1.24 1.06

15 Ca meq/100gm 3.16 2.68 3.52 2.82 3.12

16 Mg meq/100gm

1.52 1.26 2.14 1.62 1.78

17 SAR -

0.91 0.86 0.88 0.71 0.87

3.4.5 Air Environment

Sampling at each of the eight stations was done and on its basis the baseline data of ambient

air environment was generated for the parameters mentioned below:

1. Particulate Matter 10 micron

2. Particulate Matter 2.5 micron

3. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

4. Nitrogen oxide (NO2)

5. Carbon Mono-Oxide

6. Methane Hydro Carbons




Page 36

7. Non-Methane Hydrocarbons

8. Volatile Organic Compounds

In regard to the techniques for collection of sample of particulate matter, the “Respirable

Dust Sampler Envirotech Model APM 460 BL” was used for air monitoring. The dust

particulate matter was collected on filter paper (size GF/A20.3x25.4 cm) and dust cup and the

gaseous pollutants were collected simultaneously by a known volume of air through a

number of bubblers of different flow rate through appropriate solution for absorbing different

gases. The collected samples were analyzed according to standard method for different

pollutants.

Theory of Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS)

The principle involved in Particulate Matter (PM) sampling method is that the particles

filtered from known volume of an air sample by a suction apparatus are deposited on a filter

paper. Generally the gaseous pollutants in air are made to react with liquid absorbing media

at atmospheric temperature and pressure when air is bubbled through the absorbing solution

in the impinger. RD sampler measures only the concentration of PM and Gases in the

ambient air.

Air is drawn through a size-selective inlet and through a 20.3 X 25.4 cm (8 X 10 in) filter at a

flow rate, which is typically 1132 L/min. Particles with aerodynamic diameter less than the

cut-point of the inlet are collected, by the filter. The mass of these particles is determined by

the difference in filter weights prior to and after sampling. The concentration of PM10 in the

designated size range is calculated by dividing the weight gain of the filter by the volume of

air sampled.

PM2.5 refers to fine particles that are 2.5 micrometers (μm) or smaller in diameter. Ambient

air is defined as any unconfined part of the Earth's atmosphere, that the surrounding outdoor

air in which humans and other organisms live and breathe.

An electrically powered air sampler draws ambient air at a constant volumetric flow rate

(16.7 lpm) maintained by a mass flow / volumetric flow controller coupled to a

microprocessor into specially designed inertial particle-size separator (i.e. cyclones or

impactors) where the suspended particulate matter in the PM2.5 size ranges is separated for

collection on a 47 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter over a specified sampling period.




Page 37

Each filter is weighed before and after sample collection to determine the net gain due to the

particulate matter. The mass concentration in the ambient air is computed as the total mass of

collected particles in the PM2.5 size ranges divided by the actual volume of air sampled, and

is expressed in μg/m.

Calculation

PM10 (µg/m3) = (weight of filter paper after sampling – initial weight of filter paper)/volume

of air.

PM2.5 (µg/m3) = (weight of filter paper after sampling – initial weight of filter paper)/volume

of air.

For gaseous pollutants

SO2 (µg/m3) = (A – A0) x 1000 x B x D/ V

NOx (µg/m3) = (A – A0) x 1000 x B x D/ 0.82V

Where, A = Sample Absorbance,

A0 = Reagent blank Absorbance, and

B = Calibration factor (g/absorbance)

D = Volume of absorbance solution in impinger during monitoring/volume of absorbing

solution taken for analysis.

V = Volume of Air Sample in liters.

Sources

The major sources of air pollutants in the project area are vehicular traffic, dust arising from

local and village road, forest fire and domestic fuel burning.

Total eight monitoring locations were selected for basline data collection of Air Quality

Monitoring of the Project in the Study area. The air quality monitoring location map and its

table are given below:

S.No. Code Location

1 A1 Project Site




Page 38

2 A2 Modhera Village

3 A3 Ranela

4 A4 Jetpur

5 A5 Rupura Karanpura

6 A6 Karanpura

7 A7 Dhanpura

8 A8 Chadasna

Figure 3.7: Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Air Quality Baseline Results




Page 39

The sampling was done during October 2017 to December 2017 as per the NAAQ Guidelines

2009. Results of the analysis of the samples are given below:

Table 3.3: Ambient Air Quality Data of Project Site 1 Project Site

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)

Oct-17

01.10.2017 88 52 6 22 0.88 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 90 54 8 18 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 78 46 12 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 98 53 7 22 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 90 52 8 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 82 46 10 15 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

22.10.2017 94 56 9 23 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 90 48 8 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

Nov-17

01.11.2017 86 50 6 26 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 98 54 9 18 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 81 46 12 22 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 96 52 9 24 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 88 48 7 18 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 94 50 6 23 0.70 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 82 48 10 20 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 94 56 8 18 0.77 BDL BDL BDL

Dec-17

01.12.2017 84 40 9 20 0.86 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 90 52 11 24 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 94 56 9 19 0.81 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 84 50 7 22 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 86 44 11 20 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 92 55 8 18 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 98 38 12 20 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 86 50 9 16 0.70 BDL BDL BDL

Max 98 56 12 26 0.88 BDL BDL BDL

Min 78 38 6 15 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 89.29 49.83 8.79 20.25 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

98.00 56.00 12.00 25.08 0.87 BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality Data of Modhera Village 2 Modhera

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)




Page 40

Oct-17

01.10.2017 94 56 6 20 0.64 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 82 40 8 17 0.73 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 86 50 7.5 21 0.71 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 81 48 9 24 0.67 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 90 50 6.5 18 0.69 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 96 58 8 14 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

22.10.2017 84 50 5.5 18 0.58 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 92 54 11 24 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Nov-17

01.11.2017 88 46 5.5 20 0.69 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 94 56 6 21 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 82 48 7 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 88 52 10 20 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 76 44 6 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 96 58 8 17 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 88 52 5.5 23 0.75 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 82 48 7 21 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Dec-17

01.12.2017 84 50 6.5 15 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 78 46 8 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 82 36 7.5 18 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 88 50 6 21 0.87 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 94 56 10 26 0.81 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 80 48 8 22 0.88 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 86 44 6 18 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 94 56 7 20 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

Max 96 58 11 26 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

Min 76 36 6 14 0.58 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 86.88 49.83 7.31 19.75 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

96.00 58.00 10.54 25.08 0.92 BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality Data of Ranela 3 Ranela

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)

Oct-17

01.10.2017 98 56 6 13 0.67 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 88 52 8 18 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 95 48 7.5 14 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 88 52 9 19 0.71 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 92 53 6.5 16 0.62 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 96 55 8 18 0.56 BDL BDL BDL

22.10.2017 88 50 5.5 21 0.69 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 96 54 4 14 0.64 BDL BDL BDL




Page 41

Nov-17

01.11.2017 98 56 5.5 16 0.73 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 94 50 6 22 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 82 48 7 15 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 90 52 7.5 21 0.62 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 84 44 6 14 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 96 56 8 17 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 88 52 5.5 20 0.58 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 94 57 7 16 0.62 BDL BDL BDL

Dec-17

01.12.2017 88 52 6.5 19 0.58 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 90 54 8 15 0.67 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 86 49 7.5 16 0.69 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 98 58 6 18 0.58 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 88 52 4.5 12 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 92 55 8 21 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 86 50 6 16 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 94 48 7 19 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

Max 98 58 9 22 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

Min 82 44 4 12 0.56 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 91.21 52.21 6.69 17.08 0.67 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

98.00 57.54 8.54 21.54 0.79 BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Data of Jetpur

4 Jetpur

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)

Oct-17

01.10.2017 92 54 13 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 64 38 7.5 20 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 78 42 8 18 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 70 40 6.5 24 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 86 48 10 26 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 78 42 7.5 21 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

22.10.2017 78 43 10 23 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 76 33 8 20 0.73 BDL BDL BDL

Nov-17

01.11.2017 72 39 12 26 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 66 34 10 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 76 41 12 23 0.81 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 69 37 9 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 68 37 8.5 24 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 70 40 12 15 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 64 37 7 18 0.64 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 78 46 12 24 0.82 BDL BDL BDL




Page 42

Dec-17

01.12.2017 66 38 8 17 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 72 42 16 20 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 69 37 8 18 0.71 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 79 41 11 20 0.95 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 77 40 8 20 0.77 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 62 34 12 26 0.65 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 75 41 9 18 0.62 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 73 36 13 24 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

Max 92 54 16 26 0.95 BDL BDL BDL

Min 62 33 7 15 0.61 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 73.25 40.00 9.92 20.79 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

89.24 51.24 14.62 26.00 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Data of Ruppura Karanpura 5 Ruppura Karanpura

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)

Oct-17

01.10.2017 78 42 6 19 0.71 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 84 49 7 20 0.67 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 71 39 13 17 0.69 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 82 37 11 19 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 65 31 8 16 0.58 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 74 43 13 25 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

22.10.2017 68 40 9 20 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 67 38 12 20 0.64 BDL BDL BDL

Nov-17

01.11.2017 70 32 11 19 0.62 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 82 46 8 22 0.80 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 68 33 10 20 0.79 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 78 45 8 22 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 83 47 9 18 0.77 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 71 33 12 24 0.73 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 68 40 11 21 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 75 35 8 20 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

Dec-17

01.12.2017 65 40 9 20 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 70 36 10 15 0.71 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 54 42 12 23 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 85 33 8 18 0.65 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 76 38 15 26 0.67 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 54 44 9 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 68 37 12 22 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 56 34 8 24 0.66 BDL BDL BDL




Page 43

Max 85 49 15 26 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Min 54 31 6 15 0.58 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 71.33 38.92 9.96 20.33 0.73 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

84.54 48.08 14.08 25.54 0.87 BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Data of Karanpura 6 Karanpura

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)

Oct-17

01.10.2017 69 37 7 16 0.62 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 79 42 5.5 19 0.77 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 67 35 9 21 0.64 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 78 43 10 23 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 76 33 8 20 0.73 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 72 39 6.5 26 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

22.10.2017 66 34 10 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 76 41 7.5 23 0.81 BDL BDL BDL

Nov-17

01.11.2017 69 37 9 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 74 40 7.5 23 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 80 40 10 22 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 68 34 8.5 24 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 75 39 11 23 0.77 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 79 41 9 19 0.62 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 65 35 13 24 0.80 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 77 40 7.5 21 0.79 BDL BDL BDL

Dec-17

01.12.2017 70 36 9 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 79 41 8.5 18 0.74 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 76 39 6 17 0.86 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 82 46 7 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 72 40 6.5 20 0.81 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 70 36 8 18 0.88 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 79 42 9.5 23 0.86 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 67 35 8 17 0.83 BDL BDL BDL

Max 82 46 13 26 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Min 65 33 6 16 0.61 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 73.54 38.54 8.40 20.54 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

81.08 44.62 12.08 25.08 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.9: Ambient Air Quality Data of Dhanpura 7 Dhanpura




Page 44

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)

Oct-17

01.10.2017 77 41 6 20 0.52 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 79 39 12 26 0.65 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 71 38 9 18 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 68 36 10 24 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 85 42 8 18 0.67 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 77 37 9 22 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

22.10.2017 62 36 12 26 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 66 38 8 18 0.65 BDL BDL BDL

Nov-17

01.11.2017 78 40 9 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 72 38 7.5 18 0.75 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 85 44 9 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 71 38 8 16 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 77 36 6.5 17 0.80 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 82 44 13 23 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 60 36 10 20 0.75 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 72 38 8 18 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Dec-17

01.12.2017 70 40 12 21 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 78 42 7.5 24 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 68 34 9 19 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 82 46 7 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 72 40 11 20 0.81 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 70 36 8 18 0.88 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 74 42 12 22 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 80 46 9 16 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

Max 85 46 13 26 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

Min 60 34 6 16 0.52 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 74.00 39.46 9.19 20.33 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

85.00 46.00 12.54 26.00 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.10: Ambient Air Quality Data of Chadasana 8 Chadasana

Month Date PM10

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3) HC

(µg/m3) NMHC

(µg/m3) VOC

(µg/m3)

Oct-17

01.10.2017 76 40 9 20 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

04.10.2017 72 38 6.5 18 0.75 BDL BDL BDL

08.10.2017 85 44 8.5 22 0.87 BDL BDL BDL

11.10.2017 71 38 9 16 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

15.10.2017 77 36 6.5 17 0.80 BDL BDL BDL

18.10.2017 74 42 8 15 0.71 BDL BDL BDL




Page 45

22.10.2017 66 34 9 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

25.10.2017 76 41 7.5 23 0.81 BDL BDL BDL

Nov-17

01.11.2017 69 37 9 18 0.61 BDL BDL BDL

04.11.2017 74 40 7.5 23 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

08.11.2017 67 36 6 20 0.75 BDL BDL BDL

11.11.2017 65 31 7 18 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

15.11.2017 72 40 6 21 0.68 BDL BDL BDL

18.11.2017 64 36 6.5 24 0.84 BDL BDL BDL

22.11.2017 75 42 9 19 0.66 BDL BDL BDL

25.11.2017 72 38 8 20 0.89 BDL BDL BDL

Dec-17

01.12.2017 70 50 7.5 18 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

04.12.2017 73 56 9 22 0.73 BDL BDL BDL

08.12.2017 84 54 5.5 26 0.75 BDL BDL BDL

11.12.2017 70 52 7 18 0.80 BDL BDL BDL

15.12.2017 76 45 8.5 20 0.72 BDL BDL BDL

18.12.2017 68 39 6 18 0.82 BDL BDL BDL

22.12.2017 62 44 7.5 24 0.71 BDL BDL BDL

25.12.2017 80 48 9 16 0.76 BDL BDL BDL

Max 85 56 9 26 0.94 BDL BDL BDL

Min 62 31 6 15 0.61 BDL BDL BDL

Avg 72.42 41.71 7.60 19.75 0.78 BDL BDL BDL

98 percentile

84.54 55.08 9.00 25.08 0.92 BDL BDL BDL

3.4.6 Noise Environment

Noise monitoring locations were selected based on approved ToR i.e. within 1 km of the

project site. One location is selected 3.5 km from the site which is Modhera Sun Temple, an

Archaeological Survey of India Site. Noise monitoring locations are given below:




Page 46

Figure 3.8: Noise Monitoring Locations

The noise monitoring results are as follows:

Table 3.11: Noise Monitoring Results

Standards of Noise Level Noise Level db(A)

Sr.No. Noise

Location DOS Category of Area Day dB (A) Night dB (A) Day (Ld) Night (Ln)

1 Project Site 01.10.2017 Industrial 75 70 72.6 68.2

2 Modhera Head Works

04.10.2017 Industrial 75 70

70.4 65.4

3 Venupura

08.10.2017

Residential 55 45 52.4 39.2

4 Ranchorpura

11.10.2017


5 Aasjol

15.10.2017


6 Modhera Sun Temple

18.10.2017 Silence 50 40

43.4 36.2

7 Dhanpura 22.10.2017

Residential 55 45

52.2 40.4

8 Sujanpura

25.10.2017





Page 47

3.4.7 Water Environment

Water sampling locations were selected based on approved ToR i.e. within 10 km radius of

the project site. Total five surface water sampling locations and ten ground water locations

were identified. The water sampling locations and results are given below:

Figure 3.9: Surface Water Sampling Locations


Pvt. Ltd


Page 48

Table 3.12: Surface Water Quality Results

Under the bridge near vill Aasjol (Canal)

Near Modhera Vill (Canal) Near Karansagar Vill (River

Khari) Near Sujanpura Vill (River

Khari) Near Ranchhodpura (River

Rupen)

Sl. No.

Parametera Units of Measure

ments Oct 17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Oct.17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Oct.17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec.

1 Colour

Hazen Units <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

2 Odour -

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

3 Taste -

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

Not Done*

4 Turbidity NTU 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.5 3.5 2.9 2.6 3.6 3.0 3.0 4.2 3.4 2.4 3.3 2.7

5 pH - 7.81 7.68 7.53 7.75 7.45 7.68 7.77 7.66 7.62 7.82 7.78 7.68 7.92 7.82 7.85

6 Temperature °C 26 25 25 27 26 25 25 25 24 26 25 25 26 25 24

7 Conductivity

µmhos/cm 541 556 609 595 612 670 617 634 695 703 723 792 563 578 634

8 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 196 202 186 216 222 205 223 230 212 255 263 242 204 210 193

9 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 351 361 395 386 397 435 400 412 451 456 469 514 365 375 411

10 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 212 218 208 234 240 228 242 250 238 276 282 270 220 226 216

11 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 138 142 124 152 156 136 158 162 142 180 184 161 144 148 129

12 Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 74 76 84 82 84 92 84 88 96 96 98 109 76 78 87

13 Chloride as Cl mg/l 52 56 62 57 62 68 59 64 71 68 73 81 54 58 64

14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.87 0.81 0.86 0.96 0.89 0.95 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.91 0.88 0.84 0.90 0.84 0.89

15 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 10.50 9.0 9.80 11.6 9.9 10.8 12.0 10.3 11.2 13.7 11.7 12.7 10.9 9.4 10.2

16 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 28 32 34 32 35 38 32 36 40 36 42 44 30 34 36


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17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.78 0.63 0.68 0.86 0.69 0.75 0.89 0.72 0.78 0.74 0.72 0.88 0.81 0.65 0.71

18 Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

19 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

20 Cadmium mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

22 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

23 Total Arsenic as As

mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

25 Zinc as Zn, Max mg/l 0.36 0.34 0.38 0.36 0.39 0.34 0.36 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.38

26 Chromium as Cr

+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

27 Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

28 Manganese as

Mn mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

29 Boron as B mg/l 0.22 0.24 0.20 0.24 0.26 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.23 0.29 0.31 0.26 0.23 0.25 0.21

30 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.15 0.16 0.18

31 Sodium as Na mg/l 40 38 42 44 42 46 46 43 48 52 49 55 42 40 44

32 Potassium as K mg/l 4 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 3 4

33 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.4 5.8 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.5

34 BOD mg/l 6 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 8 10 8 6 8 10

35 COD mg/l 18 22 24 20 24 26 22 26 28 24 32 30 18 26 30

36 Total Coliform MPN/1

00ml 332 356 399 365 392 439 378 406 455 431 463 519 345 370 415

37 Faecal Coliform MPN/1

00ml 98 108 107 114 119 118 112 123 122 122 140 139 81 112 111


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Figure 3.10: Ground Water Sampling Locations


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Table 3.13: Ground Water Sampling Results

Project Site Modhera Chadasna Chhatasana Ruppura Karanpura

SL. No.

Parameters

Units of Measure

ments Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec.

1 Colour Hazen Units <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

2 Odour - Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

3 Taste - Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

4 pH - 7.55 7.64 7.88 7.52 7.62 7.65 7.72 7.65 7.68 7.64 7.54 7.71 7.63 7.55 7.48

5 Temperature °C 25 25 25 27 26 25 27 27 26 26 25 24 26 25 25

6 Conductivity

µmhos/cm 470 491 476 508 530 514 541 565 547 611 638 619 583 609 590

7

Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 174 184 186 188 198 200 200 210 212 226 238 240 216 228 230

8

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 305 319 310 329 345 335 351 367 357 397 415 403 378 396 384

9

Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 172 184 186 186 198 202 198 212 214 224 240 242 213 228 132

10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 44.7 44.1 46.1 48.3 47.6 49.8 51.6 50.7 53.0 58.3 57.3 59.9 55.4 54.7 57.2

11

Magnesium as Mg mg/l 14.6 17.9 17.2 15.8 19.3 18.6 16.8 20.6 19.8 19.2 23.6 22.4 18.1 22.2 21.3



14 Nitrate mg/l 8.0 9.0 9.5 8.6 9.7 10.3 9.2 10.4 10.9 10.4 11.7 12.4 9.9 11.2 11.8


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as NO3


16 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.66 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.74 0.76 0.75 0.79 0.81 0.85 0.89 0.91 0.81 0.85 0.87

17

Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

18 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

19 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21

Total Arsenic as As

mg/l

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

22 Lead as Pb

mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

23

Total Chromium as Cr

mg/l

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

24 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.16 0.14 0.11

25 Sodium as Na mg/l 35 36 33 38 39 36 40 41 38 46 46 43 43 44 41


30

Total Coliform

MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

31

Faecal Coliform



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Table 3.14: Ground Water Sampling Results

Palej Jetpur Aasjol Venpura Dhanpura

SL. No.

Parameters

Units of Measure

ments Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec. Oct Nov. Dec.

1 Colour Hazen Units <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

2 Odour - Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

3 Taste - Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

4 pH - 7.82 7.74 7.68 7.63 7.58 7.74 7.52 7.61 7.50 7.52 7.46 7.60 7.66 7.74 7.75

5 Temperature °C 27 27 26 26 25 25 27 26 26 28 27 26 31 31 31

6 Conductivity

µmhos/cm 555 579 562 667 697 676 517 540 524 526 550 533 573 599 581

7

Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 204 214 218 248 262 258 164 174 186 168 178 188 182 194 206

8

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 360 376 366 433 453 440 336 351 341 342 357 347 372 389 378

9

Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 202 216 220 244 260 264 188 202 206 192 206 208 210 224 228

10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 52.4 52.0 54.4 63.5 62.6 65.5 49.0 48.5 50.8 50.1 49.4 51.6 54.7 53.8 56.2

11

Magnesium as Mg mg/l 17.2 21.1 20.3 20.7 25.4 24.4 16.1 19.7 18.9 16.4 20.0 19.3 17.8 21.8 21.3



14 Nitrate mg/l 9.4 10.6 11.2 11.4 12.8 13.5 8.8 9.9 10.5 9.0 10.1 10.6 9.8 11.0 11.6


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as NO3


16 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.77 0.81 0.83 0.71 0.68 0.74 0.72 0.76 0.77 0.73 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.84 0.85

17

Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

18 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

19 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21

Total Arsenic as As

mg/l

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

22 Lead as Pb

mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

23

Total Chromium as Cr

mg/l

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

24 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.19 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.16 0.13 0.12

25 Sodium as Na mg/l 41 42 39 50 51 47 40 39 36 39 40 37 43 44 40


30

Total Coliform


31

Faecal Coliform





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3.4.8 Biological Environment

The biological environment is an important component of the environment of any area. It

covers flora & fauna in the region, details of forests and wildlife sanctuaries in the region,

with list of endangered species. These components are addressed in details in the following

sections:

Flora & Fauna

Flora and fauna are important components of the environment. They are organized into

natural communities with natural dependencies among their members and show various

responses and sensitivities to anthropogenic activities. Flora and fauna describes information

on various species of trees, plants, shrubs, crops and natural vegetation, animal, birds etc. and

endangered species.

A list of flora recorded during the field survey is given in Table 3.15- Table 3.18. A list of

avi-faunas and animal species found during survey is presented Table 3.19 to Table 3.23.

Table 3.15: Large Trees species found in Study area

SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name

1 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Australian Baval 2 Acacia caiechu Mimosaceae Khair 3 Acacia nilotica subsp.Indica Mimosaceae Baval 4 Albizzia lebeck Mimosaceae Siris 5 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Limdo 7 Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Nilgiri 8 Ficus virens Moraceae Pipli 9 Leucena leucocephala Mimosaceae Pardesi Baval 10 Parkinsonia aculeata Caesalpiniaceae Ram Baval 11 Peltophorum pterocarpum Caesalpiniaceae Tamrafali 12 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Karanj 13 Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Gando Baval 14 Prosopis spicigewra Mimosaceae Khijado 15 roystonea regia Arecaceae Royal Palm 16 Salvadora aleoides Salvodoraceae Pilvo 17 Salvadora persica Salvodoraceae Pilvo 18 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Rato Sarasdo




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Table 3.16: Shrubs found in Study area SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name 1 Cadaba indica Capparidaceae Telio Hemkand 2 Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae Akdo 3 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Akdo 4 Capparis sepiaria Capparidaceae Kerdo 5 Capparis sepiaria Capparidaceae Kanthar 6 Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae Thor 7 Ipomoea fistulosa Convolvulaceae Nafatio 8 Nerium indicum Apocynaceae Lal Karen 9 Zizyphus rotundifolia Rhamnaceae Chani Bor

Table 3.17: Herbs found in Study area SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name 1 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Khapat 3 Cassia pumila Caesalpiniaceae Nai Chimed 4 Cenchrus setigerus Poaceae Dhaman Ghas 5 Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Chil 6 Chloris barbata Poaceae Mindadin 7 Clitoria ternatea Fabaceae Gokern 8 Cynodon cretica Convolvulaceae Rudanti 9 Cynodon doctylon Poaceae Darbh 11 Daemia extensa Asclepiadaceae Chamar Dudheli 12 Echinops echinatus Asteraceae Shulio 13 Heliotropium supinum Boraginaceae Ghedio Okharad 14 Heteropogon contortus Poaceae Dabhsuliu 15 Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Nali Ni Bhaji 16 Nymphaea stellata Nymphaeaceae Poyana 17 Triumfeitta rotundifolia Tiliaceae Gol Zipti 18 Typha angustata Typhaceae Ramban 19 Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Gokhru

Table 3.18: Agricultural Crops found in Study area

SN Scientific Name Family Vernicular Name 1 Triticum aestivum Poaceae Gehu 2 Oryza sativa Poaceae Chokha 3 Sorghum vulgare Poaceae Bajra 4 Gossypium herbaceum Malvaceae Kapas 5 Cuminum cyminum Apiaceae Jiru

Table 3.19: Amphibian in Study area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Euphllyctis cyanophlytis Skipper Frog IV 2 Bufo melanostictus Common Indian Toad IV




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Table 3.20: Reptiles in Study Area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Calotes versicolor Calotes IV 2 Mabuya carinata skink IV 3 Hemidoctylus flaviviridi Wall Lizard IV 4 Ptyas mucous Rat snake IV 5 Naja naja Cobra II

Table 3.21: Birds Spices found in Study Area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Ardeola grayii Pond Heron IV 2 Bulbulcus ibis Cattle Egret IV 4 Vanellus indicus Red Wattled Lapwing IV 5 Himantopus himantopus Blackwinged Stilt IV 7 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove IV 8 Streptopila tranquebarica Red Turtle Dove IV

SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 9 Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon IV

10 Alcedo athis Common Kingfisher IV 14 Corvus splendens House Crow V 15 Acredotheres tristis Common Myna IV 16 Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bilbul IV 17 Turdoides striatus Jungle babbler IV 19 Passar domesticus House Sparrow IV

Table 3.22: Mammals in Study area SN Scientific Name Common Name Schedule 1 Funnambulus pennati Palm Squirrel IV 2 Herpestes edwardsii Mongoose IV

Table 3.23: Annelida in Study area

SN Scientific Name Common Name 1 Acheta domesticus House Cricket 2 Blatta germanica Cockroach 3 Musca domestica House Fly 4 Anopheles sp. Mosquito 6 Culex Sp. Mosquito 7 Eurema hecabe simulata Common Grass Yellow 8 Euploea core core Common Crow 9 Pheidole sp. Black Ant 10 Oecophylla smar Red Ant




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11 Vespa sp. Wasp 12 Bombus sp. Bumble Bee 13 Stegodyphus sarasinorum Social Spider 14 Phidippus punjabensis Jumping Spider 15 Oxyopes shweta Lynx Spider 16 Hippasa sp. Funnel 17 Pardosa mukundi Wolf Spider 18 Lycosa sp. Wolf Spider 19 Argiope anasuja Garden Spider

Forests & Wildlife

There is no forest land within 10 km radial zone around the project field. There are 4 National

Parks and 21 Wildlife Sanctuaries in Gujarat; however, none of them are falling in the study

area. Even District Mehsana does not have any National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. The

Forest Area Map of Gujarat is shown in Figure 3.11 Error! Reference source not found.

and National Parks with Wildlife Sanctuaries Map of Gujarat is shown in Figure 3.12.

Protected Areas

There are no protected areas near the project area. However, there is a Sun Temple dedicated

to the solar deity Surya located at Modhera village. It is situated on the bank of the river

Pushpavati. It was built in 1026-27 AD during the reign of Bhima I of the Chaulukya

dynasty. No worship is offered now and is protected monument maintained by

Archaeological Survey of India. The temple complex has three components: Gudhamandapa,

the shrine hall; Sabhamandapa, the assembly hall and Kunda, the reservoir. The halls have

intricately carved exterior and pillars. The reservoir has steps to reach bottom and numerous

small shrines (Source: Internet). There are no other monuments of historical importance

within the study area.




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Figure 3.11: Forest Map of Gujarat (Source: Internet)

Figure 3.12: Map of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in Gujarat (Source:

Internet)




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3.4.9 Socio-Economic Environment

The study area describes the circles of radius 10 km around the project site located at village

Matresan in the Mehsana district of Gujarat state. There is no any National Park/ Wildlife

Sanctuary or Reserved Forest (RF) in the study area. The land use pattern of the study area is

presented in the table below:

Table 3.24: Table: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

S. No. Land Use Pattern Area (In Hec.)

1 Forest Land 82.1

2 Non-agricultural uses Land 838.9

3 Barren/Un-culturable Land 1,831.2

4 Permanent Pastures & Other Grazing Land 2,827.9

5 Miscellaneous Tree Crops Land 435.8

6 Culturable Waste Land 1,551.1

7 Fallows Land (Other than Current Fallows) 1,116.3

8 Current Fallows Land 3,259.2

9 Net Area Sown 32,787.6

10 Total Un-irrigated Land 11,836.8

11 Total Land Irrigated by Sources 20,950.9

11 (a) Land Irrigated by Canals 2,076.5

20,950.9 11 (b) Land Irrigated by Wells/Tube wells 18,729.2

11 (c) Land Irrigated by Tanks/Lakes 145.2

In the study area, there are about 59 identified villages, which are distributed in three

different districts of Gujarat namely Mehsana, Patan and Ahmadabad. Out of these 59

identified habitations, 50 habitations are falling in four sub-districts of Mehsana district

whereas eight habitations in two sub-districts of Patan and only one habitation in one sub-

district of Ahmadabad district. All the identified habitations configuring approximately

21,276 households with population of almost 1,00,909. Based on number of households, the

largest habitation identified is Modhera which is a village with 1,372 households having total

population of 6,373 distributed as 3,335 males and 3,038 females located in Becharaji sub-




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district of Mehsana district. The second largest habitation identified based on number of

households is Vadavli which is also a village with 1,172 households which constituting

population of 5,169 with 2,623 males and 2,546 females located in Chanasma sub-district of

Patan district. In the same manner, the third largest habitation identified is village Balol with

1,161 households having total population of 5,374 distributed as 2,806 males and 2,568

females located at sub-district & district Mehsana.

Whereas, based on number of households the smallest habitation/village identified is Vanpur

with 26 households constituting the village population of 143 with 64 males and 79 females

located in Bhecharaji sub-district of Mehsana district. Similarly, the second smallest

habitation/village identified is Haripura with 62 households having village population of 237

with 121 males and 116 females located in Kadi sub-district of Mehsana district. The third

smallest habitation/village identified is Mesra with 77 households having the village

population 355 with 176 males and 179 females located at Chanasma sub-district of Patan

district. The top three highest literacy rate is observed in villages Rampura (93.9%) followed

by Gamanpura (93.6%) and Dedarda (92.8%) in Mehsana district. Similarly, the bottom

three literacy rate is observed in villages Ruppura Karanpura (58.9%) followed by Poyda

(60.5%) in Mehsana district and Bhalgam (63.4%).

Mehsana district is one of the 33 districts of Gujarat state. Mehsana city is the administrative

headquarters of the district. The district borders with Banaskantha district in the north, Patan

and Surendranagar districts in west, Gandhinagar and Ahmadabad districts in south and

Sabarkantha district in the east. The district is divided into nine talukas viz. Satlasna,

Kheralu, Unjha, Visnagar, Vadnagar, Vijapur, Mehsana, Becharaji and Kadi. The major crops

in the district are Potato, Cotton, Tobacco, Oilseeds, Caster Seeds, Cumin, Psyllium and

Anise. Asia’s second largest dairy farm ‘Dudhsagar Milk Co-operative Dairy and largest

market yard ‘Unjha’ is located in Mehsana. Sun Temple at Modhera village is an important

tourist destination of Mehsana district. Mehsana district is the largest producer of Lemon in

the Gujarat state contributing 24 per cent to total production of the state. The district is the

third largest producer of Tomatoes with nine per cent share in total vegetable production of

the state. The district is the largest producer of Fennel Seed with 36 % contribution in total

spice production of the state. There are more than 70 medium and large scale industries in

Mehsana district primarily operating in Engineering, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Dairy

products, Oil and Textiles sectors. There are around 7,183 small scale industries operating in




Page 62

Mehsana district operating in Chemicals, Textiles, Rubber & Plastic articles, Metals,

Repairing services, Food & Agro processing and Engineering Sector.

As per Census of India 2011, the district has a total population of 20,35,064 out of which

males constitute 10,56,520 and females 9,78,544 of the total population. The district has an

average literacy rate of 84.26 % with male literacy of 91.88 % and female literacy of 76.12

%. In Mehsana, about 11 per cent of population is under 6 years of age. Population density of

district is 462/ sq. km and ranked 10th among the state. Sex ratio of the district is 926 and

position in the state is 17th. The people of study area residing in this part of the district largely

belong to Hindu community comprising Brahmins and Jats. These people prefer colorful

attires especially in their cultural events. Chorno and Kediyu are the traditional wear for gents

and Chaniya Choli is for women. Gujarati is the main communicative language of the local

people along with Hindi as a second most popular local language. People are allured towards

their folk dance & music which runs in their vein. Garba, Rass, Garbi and Dandiya are some

of the prime cultural dances enjoying by the people of this part of the study area.

The second district which is part of the study area is Patan, located in northern Gujarat. The

district is spread across seven talukas viz. Santalpur, Patan, Chanasma, Harji, Sami,

Radhanpur and Sidhpur. The focused industry sectors in this region are food processing,

paper & pulp and cotton based industries. The region is famous for ‘Patola’ Sarees. The

Patan’s Patola is one of the finest hand woven textile materials produced. Economy of the

district is mainly agrarian. Major food crops, oil seeds and fruits produced in the district

include wheat, bajri, pulses, cereals, cotton, castor, rape, mustard, citrus fruits, guava,

pomegranates, papaya etc. Vegetable crops such as Potato, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cowpea,

Tomato, Cauliflower and Cluster Bean are cultivated in the district. Sectors such as Oil &

Gas, Agro & Food Processing, Tourism and Civil Aviation have attracted major investments

in the district. Small Scale Industry sectors like cotton based textiles, food processing, paper

& pulp industry and vegetable oil mills are the supporting pillars of the district economy. As

per the Census of India 2011, the district has population of 13,43,734 of which 6,94,397

males and 6,49,337 females. The overall sex ratio is 935 females per 1000 males. The child

sex ratio (0-6 Age) is 890 girls per 1000 boys. The district has an average literacy rate of

72.30 % with male literacy of 82.90 % and female literacy of 61.05 %. The population

density of the district is 232/sq. km.




Page 63

The third district falling in the study area is Ahmadabad, in the central part of the Gujarat

state. The district headquarters, Ahmadabad is the largest city in Gujarat and seventh largest

urban agglomeration in India. The district is spread across ten talukas viz. Barwala, Daskroi,

Dholka, Dhandhuka, Detroj, Sanand, Bavla, Ranpur, Mandal and Viramgam. Ahmedabad is

an industrial base for sectors such as textiles, chemicals, drugs & pharmaceuticals and agro &

food processing industries and is popularly known as the ‘Manchester of India’. Textiles and

Chemicals have been the major sectors of investment and employment in the district since

long time. Major crops being produced in the district are cucurbits, cabbage, cumin, citrus

and cotton. According to Census of India 2011, the district has a population of 72,14,225 of

which 37,88,051 males and 34,26,174 females. The overall sex ratio is 904 females per 1000

males. The child sex ratio (0-6 Age) is 857 girls per 1000 boys. The district has an average

literacy rate of 85.31% with male literacy of 90.74% and female literacy of 79.35%. The

population density of the district is 890/sq. km.

District wise list of habitations/villages identified in the study area is given in the table

below:

Table 3.25: List of Villages in the Study Area District: Mehsana

S. No. Villages S. No. Villages S. No. Villages

01 Matrasan 18 Saduthla 35 Chhatasana 02 Modhera 19 Haripura 36 Virsoda

03 Balol 20 Edala 37 Ruppura Karanpura

04 Palaj 21 Delpura Khant

38 Matrasan

05 Nadasa 22 Ganeshpura 39 Asjol

06 Martoli 23 Kalri 40 Tejpura

07 Katosan 24 Pratapgadh 41 Santhal

08 Rantej 25 Devgadh 42 Dhanpura

09 Ranela 26 Chadasna 43 Karansagar

10 Gambhu 27 Dethli 44 Ajabpura

11 Vijapurda 28 Bariyaf 45 Ranchhodpura

12 Dedarda 29 Akba 46 Venpura

13 Jetpur 30 Indrap 47 Vanpur




Page 64

14 Udela 31 Dharpura-Khant

48 Gokalpura

15 Kanoda 32 Delvada Khant

49 Rampura

16 Deloli 33 Poyda 50 Ijpura Barot

17 Gamanpura 34 Sujanpura

District: Patan

S. No. Villages S. No. Villages S. No. Villages

01 Maniyari 04 Chhamichha 07 Bhalgam

02 Mesra 05 Vadavli 08 Mervada

03 Panchasar 06 Khokhla

District: Ahmadabad

S. No. Villages TOTAL= 59

01 Dabhsar

Baseline Data

The baseline data with respect to population and amenities available in the study area has

been worked out as under:

I. Demographic Particulars:

Table 3.26: Demographic Particulars/Population Details of the Study Area

S. No. Description Number Percentage to Respective Total

1 Total Population 1,00,909 100.0

Male 51,747 51.3

Female 49,162 48.7

Sex Ratio 950

2 Population (0-6 age group) 12,101 100.0

Male 6,455 53.3

Female 5,646 46.7

Sex Ratio 875

3 Population of Scheduled Caste Community

7,642 100.0

Male 3,926 51.4

Female 3,716 48.6




Page 65

Sex Ratio 947

4 Population of Scheduled Tribe Community

94 100.0

Male 11 11.7

Female 83 88.3

Sex Ratio 7,545

5 Population of General Community (including OBC)

93,173 100.0

Male 47,810 51.3

Female 45,363 48.7

Sex Ratio 949

6 Total No. of Households 21,276

Average Household Size 5

7 Total Literates 69,041 100.0

Male 40,351 58.4

Female 28,690 41.6

Overall Literacy Rate 77.7

Male 89.1

Female 65.9

Gender Gap in Literacy Rate 23.2

8 Total Workers 44,345 100.0

Male 29,501 66.5

Female 14,844 33.5

Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate 33.0

9 Main Workers 37,039 100.0

Male 27,670 74.7

Female 9,369 25.3

Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate 49.4

10 Marginal Workers 7,306 100.0

Male 1,831 25.1

Female 5,475 74.9

Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate -49.8

11 Household Industrial Workers 460 100.0

Male 243 52.8

Female 217 47.8

12 Total Agricultural Workers 32,046 100.0

Male 22,109 69.0

Female 9,937 31.0

12 (a) Cultivators 13,679 100.0

Male 11,699 85.5




Page 66

Source: Census 2011

Population Composition

According to Census 2011, total population of the study area has been worked out to

1,00,909. The gender wise distribution of the above population is 51,747 (51.3 per cent) male

and 49,162 (48.7 per cent) female. The overall sex ratio in the study area has been worked out

to 950 females per 1,000 males.

Village wise population distribution with sex ratio is given in the table below:

Table 3.27: Village wise Population Distribution with Sex Ratio S.

No. Village

Population Sex Ratio Total Male Female

01 Dabhsar 1,310 666 644 967

02 Maniyari 2,090 1,067 1,023 959

03 Mesra 355 176 179 1,017

04 Panchasar 1,154 593 561 946

05 Chhamichha 1,885 965 920 953

06 Vadavli 5,169 2,623 2,546 971

07 Khokhla 806 417 389 933

08 Bhalgam 1,241 660 581 880

Female 1,980 14.5

12 (b) Agricultural Labour 18,367 100.0

Male 10,410 56.7

Female 7,957 43.3

13 ‘Other Workers’ 11,839 100.0

Male 7,149 60.4

Female 4690 39.6




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09 Mervada 1,339 690 649 941

10 Matrasan 887 479 408 852

11 Modhera 6,373 3,335 3,038 911

12 Balol 5,374 2,806 2,568 915

13 Palaj 2,137 1,091 1,046 959

14 Nadasa 2,642 1,357 1,285 947

15 Martoli 1,369 710 659 928

16 Katosan 4,242 2,184 2,058 942

17 Rantej 3,193 1,641 1,552 946

18 Ranela 2,267 1,095 1,172 1,070

19 Gambhu 4,015 2,072 1,943 938

20 Vijapurda 1,105 550 555 1,009

21 Dedarda 464 235 229 974

22 Jetpur 2,644 1,370 1,274 930

23 Udela 348 186 162 871

24 Kanoda 1,694 897 797 889

25 Deloli 1,753 893 860 963

26 Gamanpura 1,478 778 700 900

27 Saduthla 1,672 838 834 995

28 Haripura 237 121 116 959

29 Edala 1,740 901 839 931

30 Delpura Khant 1,542 791 751 949

31 Ganeshpura 1,655 851 804 945

32 Kalri 1,891 976 915 938

33 Pratapgadh 556 274 282 1,029

34 Devgadh 614 316 298 943

35 Chadasna 2,097 1,077 1,020 947

36 Dethli 1,351 695 656 944

37 Bariyaf 835 439 396 902

38 Akba 1,665 867 798 920




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39 Indrap 810 433 377 871

40 Dharpura-Khant 2,211 1,087 1,124 1,034

41 Delvada Khant 2,283 1,115 1,168 1,048

42 Poyda 965 484 481 994

43 Sujanpura 1,002 489 513 1,049

44 Chhatasana 754 401 353 880

45 Virsoda 1,665 877 788 899

46 Ruppura Karanpura 2,863 1,410 1,453 1,030

47 Matrasan 887 479 408 852

48 Asjol 2,379 1,244 1,135 912

49 Tejpura 1,233 615 618 1,005

50 Santhal 3,966 2,045 1,921 939

51 Dhanpura 478 245 233 951

52 Karansagar 1,193 612 581 949

53 Ajabpura 1,128 577 551 955

54 Ranchhodpura 666 338 328 970

55 Venpura 1,017 502 515 1,026

56 Vanpur 143 64 79 1,234

57 Gokalpura 578 283 295 1,042

58 Rampura 838 426 412 967

59 Ijpura Barot 661 339 322 950

TOTAL 1,00,909 51,747 49,162 950

Source: Census 2011

Child Population Distribution

In the study area, the total child population of age group of 0-6 age group has been worked

out to 12,101 which constitute 12.0 per cent of the total population. Of the total child

population, 53.3 per cent are boys and remaining 46.7 per cent are girl child. The child sex

ratio in the age group (0-6) is 875 girls per 1,000 boys.




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Source: Census 2011

Social Group Population Distribution

In the study area, Scheduled Caste population is 7,642 which constitute about 7.6 per cent of

total population of the study area. Of this, 51.4 per cent is male and remaining 48.6 per cent is

female. The sex ratio among Scheduled Caste population has been worked out to 947 females

per 1,000 males. There are five villages namely Haripura, Pratapgarh, Dharpura-Kant,

Poyda and Vanpur among all the identified habitations where no Scheduled Caste population

subsists.

Further, the Scheduled Tribe population in the study area is just about 94 which represent

only about 0.1 per cent of the total population. Of the total Scheduled Tribe population, 11.7

per cent is male and 88.3 per cent is female. There are only six villages namely Vadavli,

Modhera, Balol, Ranela, Vijapurda and Santhal where the population of this community

subsists. It has been observed that in village Ranela in Mehsana district there are 72

scheduled caste people out of which only two are males and rest 70 are females which

outlined as a residual part among the total population belonging to this community. Also, out

of those six villages there are two villages namely Vadavli and Vijapurda where no male

persons subsist. Consequently the respective sex ratio among the community is affecting at

large scale. Therefore, excluding this residual i.e., the particular village community

population, the sex ratio among the Scheduled Tribe population has been worked out to 1,444

females per 1,000 males. Village wise population distribution with sex ratio in this

community is given in the table below:

Table 3.28: Village wise Scheduled Tribe Population Distribution with Sex Ratio S. No. Village Population Sex




Page 70

Total Male Female Ratio 01 Vadavli 01 00 01 -

02 Modhera 07 03 04 1,333

03 Balol 05 02 03 1,500

04 Ranela 72 02 70 35,000

05 Vijapurda 01 00 01 -

06 Santhal 08 04 04 1,000

TOTAL 94 11 83 7,545

Furthermore, the population of ‘General Category’ including ‘Other Backward Caste (OBC)’

has been worked out to 93,173 which comprises about 92.3 per cent of total population of the

study area. Of this, 51.3 per cent is male and remaining 48.7 per cent is female. The sex ratio

among this segment of population has been worked out to 949 females per 1,000 males.

Household and Household Size

The entire population of the study area is distributed into approx. 21,276 households and the

overall average household size is five. At village level, it has been observed that the lowest

average household size is four whereas that of the highest is six.

Literates, Literacy Rate and Gender Gap in Literacy Rate

In the study area, 68.4 per cent of the population is literate. The gender wise distribution of

literates is male 58.4 per cent and female 41.6 per cent. The overall literacy rate in the study

area has been worked out to 77.7 per cent. The male literacy rate is 89.1 per cent and female

literacy rate is 65.9 per cent, creating a gender gap in literacy rate of 23.2 per cent. The three




Page 71

highest literacy rates is observed in the villages Rampura with 93.9 per cent followed by

Gamanpura (93.6%) and Dedarda (92.8%) whereas that of the three lowest is observed in the

villages Ruppura Karanpura, Poyda and Dabhsar/Bhalgam with literacy rates of 58.9 %,

60.5% and 63.4% respectively.

Source: Census 2011

Workers and Work Participation Rate

Based on Census 2011, total number of workers in the study area has been worked out to

44,345 which constitute 43.9 per cent of the total population. Of the total workers, 66.5 per

cent are males and the remaining 33.5 per cent are females. In absolute term, the total number

of male workers is 29,501 and that of female is 14,844. The gender gap in work participation

rate is 33.0 per cent.

Further, of the total workers 83.5 per cent are Main Workers and the remaining 16.5 per cent

are Marginal Workers. Of the total Main Workers, 74.7 per cent are male and the remaining

25.3 per cent are female. The gender gap in work participation rate among the main workers

is 49.4 per cent. In case of Marginal Workers, 25.1 per cent are male and 74.9 per cent are

female which creates a gender gap in work participation rate of minus (-) 49.8 per cent, which

indicates that in case of marginal workers, women’s participation, is larger than that of

men’s.




Page 72

Source: Census 2011

Village wise distribution of working population is given in the table below:

Table 3.29: Village wise Working Population

S. No. Village Workers

Total Main Marginal

01 Dabhsar 700 445 255

02 Maniyari 752 672 80

03 Mesra 133 131 02

04 Panchasar 448 431 17

05 Chhamichha 760 624 136

06 Vadavli 2,157 1,937 220

07 Khokhla 475 472 03

08 Bhalgam 810 385 425

09 Mervada 688 667 21

10 Matrasan 518 509 09

11 Modhera 2,538 2,508 30

12 Balol 2,284 2,099 185

13 Palaj 1,201 1,165 36

14 Nadasa 1,035 985 50

15 Martoli 802 523 279

16 Katosan 1,507 1,317 190

17 Rantej 1,008 999 09

18 Ranela 1,227 1,161 66

19 Gambhu 2,061 1,610 451




Page 73

20 Vijapurda 337 263 74

21 Dedarda 231 122 109

22 Jetpur 1,479 727 752

23 Udela 175 107 68

24 Kanoda 565 545 20

25 Deloli 914 723 191

26 Gamanpura 513 497 16

27 Saduthla 739 707 32

28 Haripura 133 133 00

29 Edala 550 504 46

30 Delpura Khant 962 961 01

31 Ganeshpura 695 648 47

32 Kalri 698 697 01

33 Pratapgadh 239 206 33

34 Devgadh 253 253 00

35 Chadasna 707 671 36

36 Dethli 572 468 104

37 Bariyaf 310 309 01

38 Akba 525 418 107

39 Indrap 403 402 01

40 Dharpura-Khant 1,285 765 520

41 Delvada Khant 759 616 143

42 Poyda 397 235 162

43 Sujanpura 362 295 67

44 Chhatasana 516 341 175

45 Virsoda 670 602 68

46 Ruppura Karanpura 1,002 733 269

47 Matrasan 518 509 09

48 Asjol 1,241 747 494

49 Tejpura 464 324 140




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50 Santhal 1,808 1,331 477

51 Dhanpura 144 76 68

52 Karansagar 639 463 176

53 Ajabpura 414 397 17

54 Ranchhodpura 298 130 168

55 Venpura 557 552 05

56 Vanpur 85 47 38

57 Gokalpura 376 200 176

58 Rampura 350 319 31

59 Ijpura Barot 356 356 00

TOTAL 44,345 37,039 7,306

Source: Census 2011

The workers are further divided into Agricultural Workers, Household Industrial Workers

and ‘Other Workers’. Their shares in the total workers are 72.3 per cent, 1.0 per cent and 26.7

per cent respectively.

Source: Census 2011

Of the inhabitants working in agricultural sector, 11.4 per cent are Cultivators who possess

cultivable land and the remaining 88.6 per cent are Agricultural Labour, who does not

possess land but work in the land owned by big farmers as wage earners or share cropper.




Page 75

Source: Census 2011

II. BASIC AMENITIES:

Table 3.30: Basic Amenities Available in the Study Area EDUCATION

Educational Institutions

Type of Institutes Number

Pre-primary School (Pvt.) 01

Primary School (Govt. & Pvt.) 79

Secondary School (Govt.) 15

Senior Secondary School (Govt. & Pvt.) 08

HEALTH

Health Facilities

Type of Facilities Number

Hospital (Alternative) 02

Hospital (Veterinary) 02

Dispensary 02

Non-Govt. Medical Facilities (For In & Out Patient)

01

Non-Govt. Medical Facilities (For Out Patient) 01

Primary Health Centre 05

Primary Health Sub-Centre 19

WATER

Drinking Water

Means of Drinking Water No. of Habitations where the facility available

Tap (Untreated) 59

Hand Pump 06 Tube Well 50

Well (Covered) 13

Well (Uncovered) 08

ELECTRICITY

Electricity Supply Power for Domestic Uses 59




Page 76

Power for Agriculture Uses 59

Power for Commercial or Industrial Uses

59

ROAD

Approach Road

Black Topped (Paved/Pucca) Road

57

Gravel (Mud/Kachcha) Road 42

Footpath Road 59

TRANSPORTATION

Road Transportation

Public Bus Services 59

Private Bus Services 09

Auto Services 30

Taxi Services 16

Source: Census 2011

Other amenities available: Agricultural Credit Society, Nutritional Centre (Anganwadi),

ASHA, Public Distribution System (PDS) Shops, Agricultural Marketing Society,

Nationalized Bank, Cooperative Bank, Post Offices, Internet Cafe, Public Telephone Booths,

Private Courier Facility, Self-Help Group (SHG), Public Library and Public Reading Rooms

etc.




Page 77

CHAPTER-4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts and

Mitigation Measures

4.1 Impacts

Matrix methodology has been adopted for the impact assessment of this project. This method

incorporates a list of activities and their likely environmental impacts, presented in a matrix

format. Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix allows the

identification of cause-effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and impacts. In

this case, the entries of the matrix are qualitative estimates of these cause-effect relationships.

Table 4.1 summarizes the interactions between the proposed project and the sensitivities of

the local and regional environment. At this stage, the interactions are not quantified but

simply identified for further consideration in the environmental impact assessment.

Table 4.1: Impact Matrix

Impacts due to Project Activities

Environmental Sensitivities

Physical Biological Socio-Economic

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1. Site Selection

2. Site Preparation & Installation of Facilities

X X

3. Road Construction

X

X

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X X X

4. Drilling Operation

X X X X X

a. Physical




Page 78

Impacts due to Project Activities

Environmental Sensitivities

Physical Biological Socio-Economic

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Presence

b. Noise & Vibration

X X X X X

c. Atmospheric Emissions

X X

d. Waste Water Generation

X

e. Solid / Hazardous waste disposal

X X X X

f. Impact on Land due to Drilling

X X

g. Socio-economic impacts due to Drilling Operation

X X

4.1.1 The Major Activities that may have Impact on Environment

Physical Presence: The rig support equipments can represent a temporary obstacle to other

activities including the movement of wild animals.

Atmospheric Emissions: Routine emission to ambient air results from the operation of DG

sets to be used for power generation. Generally the testing of the well also results in emission

to atmosphere by the way of flaring of produced hydrocarbons.

Noise & Vibration: Noise and vibration is expected to be generated from DG sets and mud

pumps during drilling operation.




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Wastewater Generation: Waste water is expected to be generated from the operations, in

the form of excess drilling fluid discharge and also from domestic uses.

Solid/ Hazardous Waste Disposal: Waste includes spent mud, wastewater, drill cuttings,

sewage and garbage/refuse (solid waste). These will be collected and transferred for disposal.

Impact on Land due to Drilling: Soil compaction due to equipment transport and

movement off-road vehicles during drilling activity could result in loss of topsoil and

decrease in soil productivity. Soil contamination due to spillage of liquids from drilling

activities, surface disturbance associated with activities such as road construction, well pads,

and removal of vegetation.

4.2 Assessment of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.2.1 Physical Presence

The drilling sites will be located on a small platform and the undulations around the platform

will be leveled by earthmoving machinery. Pits for drilling mud, sludge and waste water will

also have to be constructed. Site-preparation shall take place in parallel with the road-

construction. Once the site has been prepared and the drilling equipment set up, the

disturbance level is likely to go down.

Drilling will be confined to a relatively small area and staff will be restricted to the fenced

location or along the access road. Overall, experience shows that interference can be avoided

over the short drilling period by introducing good management practices and the impact of

the physical presence of the drilling program is anticipated to be negligible.

4.2.2 Noise and Vibration

For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogeneous loss free medium, the

noise levels at various locations from different sources can be estimated by using the relation:

Lp2 = Lp1 20 log (r2/rl) – Ae1,2.

Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound levels at two points located at distances r1 and r2 from the

source. Ae1, 2 is the excess attenuation due to environmental conditions. Combined effect of

all the sources then can be determined at various locations by using the principle of

logarithmic addition:

Lptotal = 10 log (10(Lp1/10) + 10(Lp2/10) + 10(Lp3/10) + ………)




Page 80

The noise generated due to the diesel engines operating the rig along with the mud circulation

system is considered the most significant of the noise generating sources in the drilling

operation. Generally, the noise sources in a drilling well are scattered within an area of about

100 m x 100 m. It may be noted that the drilling operations will be carried out at a distance of

more than 1 km away from human habitation. Thus the noise pollution can be considered as

negligible for the nearest human habitation.

The noise propagation modeling performed for noise generation due to operation of the diesel

engines shows the following exposure levels (Table 4.2) in terms of the occupational and

human settlement exposure levels.

Table 4.2: Occupational and Human Exposure Levels

Type of exposure Predicted exposure level dB( A)

1. Occupational exposure

Leq (8 h) at drilling platform (rig, mud circulation system, Diesel engines)

104

Leq (8 h) at the site boundary (about 40 m from drilling platform)

64

2. Human settlement exposure

Leq (24 h) at villages 0.5 km or more away 54 (day) 47 (night)

The background noise level in the rural/ residential areas has been observed in the range of

45.4-54.5 dB (A) during daytime (Chapter 3) and 37.5 – 44.0 dB (A) during nighttime.

The damage risk criteria for hearing, as enforced by OSHA, USA, stipulate that noise levels

up to 90 dB (A) are acceptable for 8-hour exposure per day. In this context, it is to be noted

that:

At places, excepting the drill floor and near the mud pumps, continuous

attendance of workers is not required. Hence, the workers, other than those working at the

drilling platform, will not be exposed to continuously high noise levels.

The noise level at the drilling platform is of concern from occupational health

consideration and adequate protective measures aimed at reducing the effect of noise levels

will have to be taken for these workers.




Page 81

The noise levels predicted for the human settlements will be below the levels

specified by the CPCB for residential areas.

4.2.3 Air Environment There is no area sources considered for the purposes of impact predictions on air

environment. The point sources identified are diesel engines/generator sets at drill site and

flaring of gas subsequent to drilling, in the event of striking oil/gas. In this respect, the

following are taken into consideration:

The diesel engines and associated generators will be in operation 24 hours a day

during the drilling period, to provide power to the drilling rig, and mud circulation system

and for providing power to accommodation units at site.

Low sulphur diesel will be used as a fuel for operation of diesel engines/power

generators.

The gas flaring during testing of wells.

Dispersion Modeling for Emission from Flare Testing

Results obtained from dispersion modeling using similar meteorological conditions were used

to assess the incremental increase in CO, SO2 and NO2 in ambient air. The dispersion model

had considered following possible scenario that is also applicable in the present case:

Flaring at the rate of 15,000 m3/day of natural gas at the drilling site. Such a scenario may

occur in case of an oil well having associated gas.

The dispersion modeling studies conducted for the flaring of natural gas are based on the

following assumptions:

The NO2 emission rate is 1.4 kg/Mg of natural gas flared. (Source: EMEP/EEA

emission inventory guidebook 2013).

The SO2 emission rate is 0.013 kg/Mg of natural gas flared. (Source: EMEP/EEA


The CO emission rate is 6.3 kg/Mg of natural gas flared. (Source: EMEP/EEA


The flare gas density is 0.8 kg/m3. (Source: EMEP/EEA emission inventory

guidebook 2013).

The heat emission due to the flaring of natural gas is 52.2 KJ/g. (Source: Calorific

Value of Natural Gas).




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The Model

The impact of flaring and emissions from DG Sets on ground-level concentrations (GLCs) of

pollutants in ambient air was predicted using the AERMOD View model. GLCs were

forecast based on the worst meteorological conditions, i.e. high atmospheric stability and low

wind speed.

Results

The GLCs of the pollutants due to flaring are as follows:

Table 4.3: Predicted GLCs due to flaring S.No. Pollutants Incremental

Value, µg/m3 Baseline Data, Max, µg/m3

GLCs , µg/m3

Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3

1 NO2 (24-hr) 2.87 26 28.87 80 2 SO2 (24-hr) 0.026 16 16.026 80 3 CO (1-hr) 71.3 950 1021.3 4000

If we compare the above results with NAAQS 2009 standards, it can be easily inferred that

the flaring will not affect the existing environment very much as it will add very less

pollutants to the available baseline environment. Emission of gases from power generation on

the drill rig is of relatively low volume. Although such power generation emissions will

contribute in a small way to the overall pool of greenhouse and acidic gases in the

atmosphere, totals emitted are relatively small and local environmental effects will be

negligible.




Page 83

Figure 4.1: GLC of NO2 (24 Hours) during Flaring




Page 84

Figure 4.2: GLC of SO2 (24 Hours) during Flaring




Page 85

Figure 4.3: GLC of CO (24 Hours) during Flaring




Page 86

Dispersion Modeling for Stack Emissions

The only source of emission is from DG Sets used during drilling operation. As a result, stack

emission from generators would constitute mainly NO2, PM and CO. The details of the DG

sets are given in Table 4.3.

Table 4.4: Stack & Emissions Characteristic

Parameters Particulars

No. and Capacity of Generators 4 x 360 KVA

Total HSD Fuel Consumption 170 lit./hr

No. of Stacks 4

Stack Height above the Ground level (m) 30

Stack Diameter (m) 0.3048

Flue Gas Exit Velocity (m/s) 22.85

Flue Gas Exit Temperature (K) 623

Emission Rate (g/s)

NO2 1.78

CO 1.55

Particulate Matter 0.09

Modeling Results

24 Hourly Maximum Ground-Level Concentrations (GLC’s) for the pollutants to maximum

distance (m) in 10 km study area are presented in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Predicted Maximum GLCs due to DG Set

Parameter Incremental

Concentration

(g/ m3)


GLCs, µg/m3 Standards (NAAQS) µg/m3

NO2 (24 hr) 25.6 26 51.6 80

PM (24 hr) 12.9 16 28.9 100

CO (1 hr) 123 950 1073 4000

Similarly with the flaring results, here during DG set operation for drilling the pollutant

emission will be very less as compared to the existing baseline data. This will add only a very

negligibale amount of additional pollutant concentration and hence, the drilling operations

will not cause much pollution.




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Figure 4.4: GLC of NO2 during DG Set Operation




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Figure 4.5: GLC of PM during DG Set Operation




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Figure 4.6: GLC of CO-1 hr during DG Set Operation




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It is to be noted that the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations were located at areas where

some amount of human and other activities were present. Compared to this, the well sites will

be located far from the human settlements and activities, where the parameters are expected

to have even lower values. Thus, the contribution of the drilling activities to the overall

ambient air quality will be insignificant considering the actual background values.

Practical steps to limit atmospheric emissions are undertaken during all drilling operations

and these will be adopted during the drilling program for the proposed exploration wells.

These include:

Advanced planning to ensure efficient operations;

Well maintained and operated equipment and generators;

Regular monitoring of fuel consumption.

4.2.4 Water Environment

The survey of the water environment in the area reveals that both surface water and ground

water sources are free from the usual contaminants (Chapter 3). However, the surface water is

likely to be bacteriologically contaminated. The water can be used for drinking and other

purposes after appropriate disinfection procedure.

During the drilling operations, the wastewater generated will consist of the spent drilling

fluids, waste liquid and water used for washing. This wastewater will be appropriately treated

and temporarily contained in specially designed lined pits (HDPE liner) pits during the

drilling process. This is in line with CPCB regulations and will ensure no percolation into the

ground. The composition of the drilling fluid is largely water and barite, bentonite with

additives like K2SO4 and glycol. The samples of barite & bentonite to be used will be tested

for heavy metals to confirm that heavy metals are below the prescribed discharge limits set

by the CPCB. The wastewater will be treated mainly through flocculation & precipitation

followed by dilution prior to discharge or reuse .

Separate drainage facilities will be provided for storm water and other non-harmful effluents.

This run off will be channeled to a drilling mud source water pit to be used for drilling and

dilution operations. This measure will ensure minimum infiltration into ground water

resources of the area.




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The toilets and urinal at the site for use by the onsite personnel will be attached to a standard

sewage system comprising of septic tank and soak pits with concrete base to avoid infiltration

of sewerage water into the soil and ground water system.

Other possible contaminants are chemicals associated with the cementing process. These will

be caught in the return fluid during cementing and treated with the mud effluents.

In order to minimize potential environmental impacts on ground aquifer, the following

measures will be incorporated into the drilling and Environment Management Plan (EMP):

Installation of cuttings and fluid cleaning/treatment equipment to ensure optimal

cleaning of cuttings to reduce the amount of fluid that will be discharged with the cuttings

as far as practicable. The waste fluid generated will be treated and either reused or diluted

and discharged.

Putting in place management procedures to ensure optimal performance of the

cuttings cleaning equipment and shaker screen housekeeping.

Maintaining a continuous drill fluid mass balance throughout the drilling program.

Optimization of hole sizes to minimize the amount of rock to be drilled.

Wastewater generated from rig wash down may contain trace amounts of drill fluid,

lubricants, and residual chemicals resulting from small leaks or spills. The volume of these

discharges depends on the frequency of wash down and amount of rainfall. The wash down

areas, all storage areas and areas that might otherwise be contaminated with oil will be made

of concrete and would be segregated from other areas to ensure that any accidental spills are

contained and the fluid separately treated.

4.2.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Impacts

The major waste product from a drilling operation is the generation of rock cuttings, plus

small amount of associated residual fluids adhering to the cuttings. It is estimated that from

each drilling operation 900 cum of cuttings are likely to generate. These cuttings will be

treated and then stored at site in HDPE lined pits.

Other waste products include garbage, food scraps, scrap metal, waste oil and surplus

chemicals. Careful attention will be given to minimize the amount of waste generated and

controlling its eventual disposal. Wherever possible all waste material will be segregated by

type, color, and garbage will be stored in a designated area. These wastes will be stored in

suitable containers and will be recycled or disposed of in a controlled manner through




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authorized waste contractors. Material like scrap metal, waste oil and surplus chemicals will

be sent for recycle or reuse as far as practicable.

Also, regarding the disposal of sewage, a septic tank and a soak pit arrangement will be

provided at site comprising of two-compartment waterproof chamber (designed as per the no.

of users) which will receive all waste from the toilet blocks. The night soil will undergo

decomposition in the first chamber through an anaerobic process and subsequently flow into

the second chamber. The two chambers will have an orifice in between at a designed level

normally 1-1.5 meters above the floor level. Most of the decomposed waste will be retained

in the first chamber and any suspended waste settles down in the second chamber. The

effluent water will be allowed to move into a soak pit, which is a deep circular pit dug below

the NGL, partially lined at the circumference and stacked with brick bats. The structure will

be covered at the top. Water will trickle through the bricks and be soaked in the ground.

Proper implementation of environmental management plan will ensure that there will be no

impacts on land environment due to solid and hazardous waste generated from the drilling

operations.

4.2.6 Socio-Economic Environment

1. Impact on Demographic Composition

Resulting of the proposed project, there will be no substantial increase in inclusive population

of the study area as preferably inhabitant people will be recruited for employment. The

migrants from distant places will be kept bare minimum. Hence, there will be no significant

impact on the demographic composition in the study area. Since there will be no significant

change in population, the overall sex ratio will remain more or less same. Also, since the

proposed project site is not inhabited, therefore it does not involve rehabilitation &

resettlement of people.

2. Impact on Employment Opportunities

One of the greatest impacts of the proposed project is creation of employment opportunities.

It is expected that a good number of people may get direct employment opportunities

including skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers along with some indirect employment

opportunities. This may change occupational, income & expenditure pattern of the people.

The benefits of employment to successful job seekers are expected to include, at a household

and individual level, in increase in socio-economic and health status, improvement to their




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quality of life and living condition, and the benefits from greater household expenditure on

education and healthcare resources. Employment will benefit a greater number of individuals

than the total workforce number, as positive changes at a household level will benefit

(including women), relatives and young people.

3. Industrial Development

The proposed project will contribute in enhancement of production of crude oil & gas and

accordingly it is expected to contribute in the development of the country and local areas. The

increased production would generate additional revenue for the State Government as well as

for Central Government by way of payments on account of Royalty and Taxation. It is also

expected that the proposed project will play part in reducing the gap between demand &

supply of crude oil & gas in the country, which will help in reducing the import burden of the

country. It will open the venture for city gas in the remote areas. Hence, it may expect that

due to the proposed project, the scope for further industry movement will increase towards oil

& gas projects to support production of oil & gas products into the state and across the nation.

4. Impact on Transportation

The proposed project would result in the need to improve access roads since it would result in

an increase in industrial traffic of numerous heavy vehicles on project site. Overweight and

oversized loads could cause temporary disruptions and could require extensive modifications

to roads. An overall increase in traffic of heavy vehicles would accelerate the deterioration of

pavement, and require schedule pavement repair or replacement more frequently than under

the existing traffic conditions. Increased traffic may also result in a potential for increased

accidents within the project area. Increased recreational use of the area could contribute to a

gradual increase in traffic on the access roads. Therefore, infrastructure improvement by

repairing or constructing roads will be required in the area.

5. Impact on Agriculture

Since, the proposed project’s route is also characterized as agricultural land. Hence, for a

particular time there may be likely impact on the agricultural yield in the study area. Farmers

could be affected by loss of available grazing or croplands. However, by making proper

arrangement & planning for the route it might be possible to minimize impact on agricultural

land and agricultural operations. By creating an environmental protection plan outlining what




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must be done to protect the agricultural land during the drilling/project in operation. The plan

may covers aspects like how top soil and sub-soils will be replaced after the drilling is done,

and where to leave gaps during construction to allow farm machinery and livestock to cross.

By regularly inspect and perform maintenance on all project components in order to reduce

impact on farming operations, the project proponent may work with landowners to schedule

the work to take place around growing season.

6. Impact on Law & Order

No major law & order problem is envisaged due to the proposed project. It is expected that

the workers will attend to their duties from their residences and return to their homes after the

day’s work.

4.3 Impact on Ecology

As per primary ecological study there no any Rare, Endangered, Threatened floral and faunal

species has been found in the study area. No economically important plants, medicinal plants

are found inside the study area.

The native flora and fauna of study area will be affected due to oil exploration. Oil

exploration may cause habitat conversion, degradation, and fragmentation, contamination

from improper waste disposal or oil spills. Following table describes briefly how the oil

exploration may affect the plants species.

Development Process Sources of Impact Impact on plants Drilling and completion Mud and cuttings, which

may contain chemical additives, salts, metals, and hydrocarbons, are often stored in pits and buried on site. This may sterilize soil.

Soil sterilization

Stimulation Many fracturing chemicals are hazardous, and may contaminate soil if spilled on site.

Contaminate Soil

Produced water/ Fluids Salts, metals, hydrocarbons or traces of chemical additives in produced water may contaminate soil if spilled o the surface or stored in earthen pits. Produced water can also be

Contaminated soil Contaminated water Direct harm to plants




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toxic to plant at high concentrations

Separation and Dehydration

Pits or tanks that store wastewater may leak or overflow and contaminate soil.

Contaminated soil

Gas Compression Soil and water pollution may occur due to spills or leaks of diesel or other fuel used to power the compressors.

Contaminated soil Contaminated water

Access Roads Roads compact soils and can introduce non-native plant species.

Direct loss of plant habitat Direct harm to plants Introduction of competitive non-natives Prevent new plant growth

Construction/Siting Well pad construction converts plant habitat and causes soil compaction.

Direct loss of habitat Direct harm to plants Habitat conversion Habitat fragmentation

Also fugitive particles deposition on the agriculture fields and on standing crops may

dropdown the soil fertility and yield of crops. This may reduce the yield and quality of fodder

grasses, fodder species, and dissipate the milk quality of cows and buffalos feeding on it.

Noise due to drilling, and frequent vehicular movement may cause disturbance of movement

of animals. In that way, faunal species are very sensitive to any fragmentation in their habitat.

Such huge disturbance may leads to behavioral changes in animals, birds, and reptiles too.

The project will create significant ecological and environmental impacts on the following

components:

Discharge of wastewater and Oil exploration inflow water discharge (water will be stored

into abandoned voids)

Aesthetic value loss (Due to exploration and developmental activities the area would

depreciate aesthetic value of the area, only an effective and systematic greenbelt

development can help improving the aesthetic value of study area)




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Soil compaction (Oil exploration may exert the negative impacts on soil fertility, cause

soil compaction , microbial biomass etc.)

Drilling activities (fugitive dust, noise and vibration issues)

Installation of the land drilling rig will cause the vegetation removal and top soil removal

Ambient Air Quality (air pollution due to exploration and vehicular movements).

Ambient noise quality (blast and vibration, HEMM and vehicular movement).

Oil spillage may cause blocking of soil macro and micro pores, hereby hindering soil

aeration and water infiltration.

Similarly oil spillage during handling might hinder photosynthetic capacity of the plants

if plants get exposed to crude oil.

Oil spills result in an imbalance in the carbon -nitrogen (C/N) ratio at the spill site

because crude oil is essentially a mixture of carbon and hydrogen. This causes a nitrogen

deficiency in an oil-soaked soil which retards the growth of bacteria and the

utilization of carbon sources.

4.3.1 Proposed Mitigating Measures

To mitigate the possible impacts of drilling on ecology of the surrounding area following

mitigation measures would be taken in to consideration

I. Systematic exploration drilling methods will be followed. Drilling would be carried

out using cutting edge technology to reduce the impact of vibration and noise on

Ecology and biodiversity. There must have some monitoring mechanisms to look after

the day to day environment of the project and to ensure that the mitigation measures

are implemented effectively in function.

II. Fugitive particles remain always an issue. To mitigate the impact of such emissions

water sprinkler will be used on haul road for transportation of crude oil.

III. The three tier system for greenbelt will be developed with the help of economically

beneficial shrubs/ trees, floriculture, greenbelt in and around lease areas, and for

avenue plantation along haul roads. Green belt will also be very important to reduce

the excessive noise level.

IV. Lime shall be applied to the crude oil contaminated soil so as to reduce the toxic

deposition in the soil and reduce the high pH level.

V. Fertilizers such as NPK shall use to replenish the soil nutrients, tetrachloromethane

and benzene as solvent shall use for soil treatment.




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VI. Microbial inoculation in the soil shall doe since bacteria and fungi are the only

biological species which have the metabolic capacity of utilizing petroleum carbon for

simpler form.

VII. Institutional mechanism like separate cell will be established to supervise and monitor

various mitigation measures.




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CHAPTER-5 : Analysis of Alternatives

No alternate site is considered as drilling operations are proposed to be carried out within the

existing Mining Lease of Modhera Field.




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CHAPTER-6 : Environment Monitoring Program

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the

status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions,

the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental

conditions due to operation of the project, which will enable to take suitable mitigatory steps

in time to safeguard the environment.

Monitoring is important to measure the efficiency of control measures. An environmental

impact assessment study is carried over for a specified period of time and the data generated

for that specific period cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human

activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is

essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. The objectives of

monitoring are to-

Verify effectiveness of planning decisions;

Measure effectiveness of operational procedures;

Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and

Identify unexpected changes.

Monitoring will confirm that emissions are within the prescribed limits. This will take the

form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as quantity and

concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes for measurement against corporate or

statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient

environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and

chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socioeconomic interaction, through local liaison

activities or even assessment of complaints.

The preventive approach by management may also require monitoring of process inputs, for

example, type and method used, resource consumption, equipment and pollution control

performance etc. Monitoring will also be required to meet compliance with statutory and

corporate requirements. Finally, monitoring results will provide the basis for auditing.




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6.1 Environmental Monitoring Schedule

An environmental monitoring plan is suggested to monitor environmental parameters during

drilling and post drilling phase of the project. The monitoring plan is given in Table 6.1, 6.2

and 6.3 below. This monitoring plan is designed for ten years.

Table 6.1: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – Pre Drilling Phase

Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Ambient Air Quality

At project Location Monitoring NOx, SO2, SPM, RPM, CO and HC

Twice a week for a month prior to drilling

Surface water Quality (if available during monsoon)

Water bodies within the radius of 1 km from the project site

pH, conductivity, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, heavy metals, BOD and COD

At least three samples prior to drilling

Groundwater Quantity

Within the radius of 1 km from the project site. Water sources used for construction purposes and dug wells within 500 m from wastewater and mud ponds

Physico-chemical parameters, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds

At least three samples from one location prior to drilling. The monitoring should be done at minimum four locations, one location on each direction

Noise Levels

At Project location For Background Noise Levels (using Noise meters)

Daily for a month prior to drilling

Physical Infrastructure

At Project Site 1. Lining of waste ponds, drill cutting ponds with 1 mm HDPE sheets

2. Oil & grease traps on outlets; storm water runoff points.

3. Presence of impervious liners in place for fuel, lubricants storage

During site preparation




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area and drains with oil entrapment provision

4. Mud and work associated system is separated from rain/storm drainage system

5. Separate run off routes for non-contaminated and contaminated run off. Treatment facilities for the contaminated run off

6. Septic tank & soak pits of adequate size and presence of bunds around the pit

7. Suitable covering of soak pit to arrest fly and rodent nuisance

8. Impervious flooring in fuel storage and refuelling areas

9. Chemical storage should be suitability covered and imperviously lined

Clearance of Trees (if existing)

At Project Location Inventory of trees likely to be cut and number of trees to be planted as part of Compensatory Tree Plantation program.

During site preparation




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Table 6.2: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol - During Drilling Phase

Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Monitoring & Reporting Frequency

Natural Resource

At Project site 1. Quantity of each type of material used including water consumption

2. Quantity of fuel used for power

3. Quantity of fuel used by transportation to and from rig location & base

4. Percentage of material used that have been reused or recycled from waste.

Daily during drilling phase

Ambient Air Quality

At project Location

Monitoring NOx, SO2, SPM, RPM, CO and HC

Twice a week for 24 hours

Surface Water Quality ( if available during monsoon)

Water bodies within the radius of 1 km of project site that will be utilized for consumption and disposal

pH, conductivity, TSS, TDS, heavy metals, BOD, COD etc

Every fortnight. The monitoring should be done on the same location where monitoring was done in pre drilling phase

Groundwater Quality

Water sources used for construction purposes and dug wells within 1km from wastewater and mud ponds.

Physico chemical parameters, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds.

Every fortnight. The monitoring should be done on the same location where monitoring was done in pre drilling phase

Noise & Vibration

At Rig Site, near DG sets and drilling pumps.

1. Noise level monitoring 2. Maintenance of machineries 3. No unnecessary operation of

machinery when not required 4. Use of ear plug by workforce 5. Presence of minimum 10 ft

high barrier around the well site

Hourly during drilling operation




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Drilling wastes

At drilling site 1. Drill cuttings wash water: its quantification, characteristics (TSS, TDS, organic compounds, heavy metals, oil & grease), its treatment and safe disposal

2. Cuttings are dried to maximum extent in Hi-G drier system and dried cuttings are disposed in separate waste pits

3. Drill cuttings: Categorization for parameters given in EPA disposal standards prior to disposal, quantification and storage

4. Spent drilling fluid: its treatment and reuse

5. Unused drilling mud: its categorisation, storage, transportation and safe disposal.

6. Maintenance of Drill cutting pit, waste mud pit and waste water pit.


Solid waste Generation

At Project Location

Waste segregation and disposal as per waste management plan.


Wastewater Generation

At Project Site 1. Waste water generation rate 2. Treatment of wastewater by

clari-flocculator and treated water meeting the wastewater discharge standard (SPCB)

3. Integrity and maintenance of the septic tanks and soak pits

4. Maintenance of waste water treatment Units





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Oil wastes At Drilling Site 1. Generation, collection,

storage facilities and safe disposal

2. Facilities to prevent the accidental oil spill

3. Separate storage facilities for the fuel, lubricants and chemicals and their inventory


Oil Spills

At Drilling Site

1. Inventory of all oil spills/leakages and quantity of each spill

2. facilities according to oil spill contingency plan

3. Availability of shovels, sands and native soil at camp sites and well site

4. Presence of oil drip pans in potential oil leakages areas


Soil Erosion

At Project Location

Visual observations Daily during routine monitoring by Contractor and reported on a weekly basis by Project Environment Officer (PEO).

Socio-Economics

At Project Location

Local people recruited for all manual labour and other job for which local skill are available

During drilling operation

Table 6.3: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol - Post Drilling



Drilling waste

At project Location

Quantification of Drill cuttings, its transportation and safe disposal

At the end of the drilling operation




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Land At Project Location

Restoration and rehabilitation through:

1. Wellhead and casing string should be cut off to minimum depth of 3 m below ground level

2. Demolition of concrete structures and disposal of debris as per regulatory requirements

3. Treatment and disposal of waste products, solids and liquid in accordance with regulatory requirements

4. Removal of fencing and gates

5. Backfilling and closing of all on site disposal pits as per legal requirements

At the end of the drilling operation

Surface Water Quality (if available during monsoon)

At Project Location within radius of 1 km

pH, conductivity, TSS and TDS, and BOD, COD.

At the same location where pre and during drilling phase monitoring was done. Once a week for one month after drilling is complete.

Groundwater Quality

Water sources used for construction purposes and dug wells within 1km from wastewater and mud ponds

Physico chemical parameters, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds

At the same locations where pre and during drilling monitoring was done. Monitoring twice in pre and post monsoon season for ten years

Soil Erosion At drilling site and along the aligned water

Visual observations Monitored by Contractor and reported by PEO at the end of




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courses the drilling operation

Compensatory tree plantation

Tree plantation locations

Survival rate of tree saplings

Once in a year for ten years.

The post operational monitoring programme will be under the supervision of the Sun

petro and the Monitoring shall be carried out by recognized laboratories/ institutions/by Block

operator.

6.2 Monitoring of Various Parameters

Monitoring Methods

The site is considered as core zone and the area lying within 10 km radius from the mine site

is considered as buffer zone.

Air Quality Monitoring

Ambient air quality should be monitored both upwind & downwind directions along with

adequate meteorological measurement for proper interpretation of data of PM10, SO2, NOX,

PM2.5.,Benzene, Benzopyrene, CO, Arsenic, Pb, Nickel, Ozone and Ammonia The number

of monitoring stations, air pollutants and frequency of monitoring will be decided as per the

CPCB guidelines in 2009. Meteorological stations will be monitored for wind direction and

speed, rainfall, temperature & humidity and evaporation.

Water Quality Monitoring

Monitoring of surface run-off and ground infiltration in the study area will be done once in

every season except monsoon. Quality of groundwater and surface water samples will be

analyzed for all the parameters as per IS-10500 and IS-2296 respectively. Also, the area

itself has three WTPs and hence a routine regular monitoring of water samples of the

reservoir is done.

Noise Quality Monitoring

Noise level monitoring will be done at the work zone to assess the occupational noise

exposure levels. Noise levels will also be monitored at the noise generating sources like




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mineral handling arrangements, vehicle movements and also nearby villages for studying the

impact due to higher noise levels for taking necessary control measures at the source.

Occupational Health & Safety

Health check-up for the workers will be conducted at regular intervals until the dredging

operation is over. The health camps status will be monitored and the information will be

furnished to the approving authority. Project proponent will also coordinate with general

public, regulatory authorities, local administration to appraise environmental performance of

the mine.

6.3 Reporting Schedule of Monitoring Data

The frequency of reporting of monitored data will be on six monthly bases to the State PCB

Gujarat and to Regional Office of MoEF&CC, New Delhi. Compliance report will be

submitted twice in a year for 6 months interval. The Environmental statement will be

prepared for the entire year of operations and will be regularly submitted to regulatory

authorities.

Table 6.4: Budget for Environmental Monitoring Program Parameter Sampling

Locations Cost per Sample, INR

Frequency Total cost for Six Monthly Compliance Report Submission, INR

Air 4 5000 2 per week except monsoon

720000

Water 4 7000 1 per season except Monsoon

56000

Soil 4 4000 1 per half yearly 16000

Noise 4 3000 1 per season except Monsoon

24000

Greenbelt 1 Once in a year 50000

Total 8,66,000

For Five Years, Total 43,30,000




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CHAPTER-7 : Additional Studies

7.1 Risk Assessment

M/s Sun Petrochemicals Private Limited (Sun Petro) Company is engaged in the business of


for Modhera field in Gujarat for exploration and production under Production Sharing

Contracts (PSC) signed with the Government of India.

PSC for Modhera field was transferred to Sun Petro on 10th Jun, 2016 by Ministry of

Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG), Government of India. Mining Lease for Modhera

Field was transferred to SunPetro from Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) on 19th Aug, 2016

by State Government. Currently 2 wells are already present in the Mining Lease area of

Modhera Field – M#1 & M#2; Modhera # 1 well in the field is currently producing the crude

oil and is in testing phase.

The Modhera field, discovered in year 1982 by Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC),

is situated about 30 km southwest of Mehsana city in Gujarat. The location of the field is on

the western rising flank of Ahmedabad-Mehsana tectonic block of Cambay Basin. Modhera

structure is an anticline having N-S axis. The reservoir sand is thinning towards east of the

structure. Hydrocarbon entrapment in this field is mainly attributed to this structural feature.

This field was awarded to Interlink Petroleum Limited (IPL) under production sharing

contract (PSC) by Government of India for expeditious exploitation of hydrocarbon.

The Modhera Field is located in Mehsana district of Gujarat; 30 km southwest of Mehsana

city in Gujarat The block is spread over an area of 12.7 sq. km. Nearest village Matresan is

located on outer periphery of the block with most part of the village outside the block.

SunPetro is planning for exploratory & development drilling of new wells in the field near

the existing two wells. With the additional wells at Modhera Field, present crude oil and gas

production is expected to increase which would contribute in the development of the country

and also the local area.




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S. No. Parameter Description

1. Area Modhera Field has a total Mining Lease of 12.7 Sq. KM

2. Location Modhera Field is located in the Mehsana District of Gujarat,

3. Existing Capacity Modhera Field has 2 wells currently. After new wells total capacity of 200 bbls/day is envisaged.

4. Need of the Project The Proposed new wells in the Modhera Field would increase the Crude Oil & Gas production of the region and create new opportunity for the locals.

5. Power Supply & Source

DG sets of about 1250 KVA x 2 nos. will be used for drilling whereas electricity from State electricity board will be used for Group Well Head Installation.

6. Site Connectivity Modhera Field is well connected by Roads; Nearest railway station is Becharaji Station and is approx. 20 kms away.

Nearest airport is in Ahmedabad city and is approx. 120 kms away.

7. Existing Infrastructure

SunPetro currently has no permanent facility in place in the field.

8. Alternative Site No alternate site is considered as all operations are to be carried out in the Modhera Field area only. However, we have some flexibility to shift wells locations to few meters

9. Raw material required

Drilling related material like HSD, Steel (in the form of casings) tubing and Chemicals like Baryte, Oil well cement and Bentonite would be required

10. Land Form, Land use and land ownership

The land associated with producing wells is being acquired on Lease rental basis from the farmers. The land for the new wells may be acquired on lease basis.




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S. No. Parameter Description

11. Cost of the Project INR 32 million per well

12. Conclusion SunPetro proposes to carry out drilling of new wells in future. Besides drilling of wells, Construction of Group Well Head Installation and facilities near to the new wells may also be planned,

The monetization of Modhera Field would not only result in improved energy scenario for the country but will also generate opportunities for the local people and would help in the economic up-liftment of the region.

The company will adopt all the measures through its Environment Management Plan and Disaster Management Plans to prevent harm and damage to environment (if any) due to production/drilling activities in the Modhera Field.

All the existing facilities of pumping station like fire fighting, electrical system, Pump house,

Pipeline etc. would comply with national, international standards and M.B. Lal committee

recommendations.

The facilities required for operation of the project, viz., pumping units with associated

facilities have been planned to be steel structure. Other facilities like RCC civil structure have

been planned to accommodate control panels, HT/LT panels, Batteries etc. All the safety

factors like wind load, seismic load, soil bearing capacity etc have been taken into account

while designing the civil structures.

This document is prepared by Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd. for Risk Assessment (RA) study

for “Exploration And Development Of Drilling Wells In The Existing PML Area (PML 12.7

Sq.Km) Of Modhera Field, Mehsana, Gujarat” and to identify the key hazards and risks. By

conducting this type of RA it should be emphasized that the focus is on the major, worst-case,

hazards and impacts from surrounding area of these units, essentially in order to priorities the

off-site risks and potential impacts to the public.

Project Description




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The project envisages monetization of Modhera Oil & Gas field .The proposed wells in

Modhera Field will be connected for production to Group Well Head Installation Facility

(GWHI) very near to the wells. From GWHI, the Crude Oil will be transferred to the nearest

ONGC processing facility (Sobhasan GGS – II) for treatment of the crude to be sold to Indian

Oil Corporation limited (IOCL) or to small private buyers as per the PSC terms. SunPetro

will sell the gas (if found economical after testing) in the local market. The various activities

of the project are:

Drilling of new wells in future.

Construction of Group Well Head Installation

Flow diagram showcasing the steps involved from drilling of wells to putting the wells on

production is as below:

Figure 7.1: Drilling Process Description




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7.1.1 Consequence Analysis

Consequence analysis involves the application of the mathematical, analytical and computer

models (PHAST software) for calculation of the effects and damages subsequent to a

hydrocarbon/toxic release accident.

Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST) Software is used to predict the physical

behavior of hazardous incidents. The model uses below mentioned techniques to assess the

consequences of identified scenarios:

Modeling of discharge rates when holes develop in process equipment/pipe work.

Modeling of the size & shape of the flammable gas clouds from releases in the

atmosphere.

Modeling of the flame and radiation field of the releases that are ignited and burn as

pool fire, jet fire, Overpressure (Blast Force) and flash fire.

Modeling of the explosion fields of releases, which are ignited away from the point of

release.

7.1.2 Blowouts during Drilling / Testing Operations

Blowout is one of the major risks in exploration of Oil at any drilling location. Holland

(1996, 1997) gives a breakdown of blowouts according to the individual operations in which

they occurred. Scand power (1995) summarised this data into the following major categories

of operations:

Drilling, i.e. the period when the bit is on the bottom

Tripping, including time when the drill string is running into the hole (RIH), pulling

out of the hole (POOH) and held out of the hole

Running casing, including time when casing is being run, waiting for cement to

harden, and pressure-testing the casing

Other, including installing the BOP (nipple-up/nipple-down), milling, wire line

lagging, waiting on weather etc.

These categories were further sub-divided into two phases:

Prior to installing BOP, i.e. drilling the top hole

After the BOP is installed

7.1.3 Causes of Drilling Blowouts




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Well control can be lost as a result of:

Formation fluid entry into the well bore;

Loss of containment due to mal-operation (e.g. during wire lining); and

Wellhead damage (e.g. by fires, storms, dropped objects, etc).

7.1.4 Causes of Production Blowouts

Blowouts during production are commonly caused by well interventions such as workovers,

wire lining, snubbing and coiled tubing operations, although some production blowouts are

initiated by the well equipment in normal operation.

Blowouts due to External Causes

Possible external causes of blowouts include:

Escalation from process fire

Structural collapse

Military or pirate attacks

These should not be included in the analysis of blowouts if they are separately modelled

under the other hazard categories. However, for simple studies that do not model such

escalations in full, it is appropriate to include them as blowouts.

7.1.5 Risk Criteria

Individual risks are the key measure of risk acceptability for this type of study, where it

is proposed that:

Risks to the public can be considered to be broadly acceptable (or negligible) if below

10-6 per year (one in 1 million people per year). Although risks of up to 10-4 per year (1

in 10,000 people per year) may be considered acceptable if shown to be As Low As

Reasonably Practicable (ALARP), since in India no any standard has been set, it is

recommended that 10-5 per year (1 in 100,000 people per year) is adopted for this

study as the maximum tolerable criterion.

Risks to workers can be considered to be broadly acceptable (or negligible) if below 10-5

per year and where risks of below 10-3 per year (1 in 1000 per year) may be considered

acceptable if in ALARP.

7.1.5.1 Location specific individual risk (LSIR)

The Location specific individual risk (LSIR) is risk to a person who is standing at that point

365 days a year and 24 hours a day.




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7.1.5.2 Individual risk to worker (ISIR)

The personnel in respective terminals are expected to work 8 hour shift as well as general

shift. The actual risk to a person i.e. “Individual Specific Individual Risk (ISIR)” would be

far less after accounting for the time fraction a person is expected to spend at a location.

ISIR Area = LSIR X (8/24) (8 hours shift) X (Time spent by and individual/8 hours)

ALARP summary & comparison of Individual risk with acceptability criteria

The objective of this RA study is to assess the risk levels of the project with reference to the

defined risk acceptability criteria and recommend measures to reduce the risk level to As

Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).

7.1.5.3 Societal Risk

It is the risk experience in a given time period by the whole group of personnel exposed,

reflecting the severity of the hazard and the number of people in proximity to it. It is defined

as the relationship between the frequency and the number of people suffering a given level of

harm (normally taken to refer to risk of death) from the realization of the specified hazards. It

is expressed in the form of F-N curve.

Societal risk acceptability criteria

A formal risk criterion is used at all for societal risk; the criterion most commonly used is the

F-N curve. Like other forms of risk criterion, the F-N curve may be cast in the form of a

single criterion curve or of two criterion curves dividing the space in to three regions – where




Page 115

the risk is unacceptable, where it is negligible and where it requires further assessment. The

latter approach corresponds to application to societal risk of the ALARP principle. Risk

criteria for the Netherlands have been considered for the present study. F-N curve of the

station is represented in Figure below-

Societal risk criteria are also proposed, although these should be used as guidance only. A

criterion of 10-4 per year is recommended for determining design accidental loads for on-site

buildings, i.e. buildings should be designed against the fire and explosion loads that occur

with a frequency of 1 in 10,000 people per years.

7.1.5.4 Top risk contributors (Group Risk)

The present major contributing scenarios to societal risk from station/terminal are within the

ALARP region.

7.1.6 Conclusions and Recommendations

Although the results of this Risk analysis show that the risks to the public are within the

ALARP region, they will be sensitive to the specific design and/or modeling assumptions

used.




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The major conclusions and recommendations based on the risk analysis of the identified

representative failure scenarios are summarized below:

The drilling points & borehole are to be covered as per the prevailing practive of safety

management system of Oil Industries.

It is necessary to provide extensive fire detection system as per OISD guidelines.

Operators should be well trained about the fire and gas detection system.

It is recommended to have necessary provision for emergency stop of critical equipments

from control room (during commissioning) in the event of major leak/flash fire.

The vehicles entering the station should be fitted with spark arrestors.

Routine checks are to be done to ensure and prevent the presence of ignition sources in

the immediate vicinity of the flammable material (near boundaries).

Clearly defined escape routes shall be developed for each individual plots and section of

the drilling area taking into account the impairment of escape by hazardous releases and

sign boards be erected in places to guide personnel in case of an emergency.

Windsocks shall be considered at the site to ensure visibility from all directions. This will

assist people to escape in upwind or cross wind direction from flammable releases.

In order to further, reduce the probability of failure of catastrophic rupture and

equipments, critical equipments shall be identified and inspection methodologies to be

finalized for continuous monitoring during operation and shutdown maintenance.

The active protection devices like firewater hydrant, water monitor and other protective

devices shall be tested at regular intervals.

There should be an SOP established for clarity of actions to be taken in case (during

drilling and production) of fire/leak emergency.

7.1.7 General Recommendations

1. Ensure that combustible flammable material is not placed near the Critical instrument at

the site. These could include oil filled cloth, wooden supports, oil buckets etc. these must

be put away and the areas kept permanently clean and free from any combustibles.




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Secondary fires probability would be greatly reduced because of these simple but

effective measures.

2. Hydrocarbon detectors should be provided at every drilling point.

3. Proper lighting arrangements and CCTV should be provided at drilling points for new

facilities inside the drilling site.

7.2 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a Strategic Business Management concept through

which a company integrates social & environmental concerns in their business operations and

can achieve a balance of economic, environmental & social imperatives. Furthermore, at the

same time attends to the expectations of shareholders & stakeholders. Through it the

company can make valuable contribution to poverty reduction. The CSR refers to

responsibility of a company to ensure positive impact on environment, consumers,

employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of public sphere. In India, it is

comparatively a new but rising concept and the companies are going through the learning

curve. The CSR activities are increasingly being taken up by the project proponents not only

as fulfilling of mandatory provisions but also for formation and enhancement of brand image.

Besides all, CSR is seen more as a responsibility towards society rather than a business

philosophy. It is the need of the time for expansion of occupational welfare. Keeping in mind

these codes of belief, we have identified some activities which may propose to undertake for

the benefits of the people living in the study area. This will not only improve the socio-

economic status of the people but also enhance the reputation of the project proponent among

the community. The following activities are proposed to be taken up for the benefits of the

local community:

1) Providing employment opportunities.

2) Vocational training for skill development to the local youth.

3) Educational scholarships and study materials to the meritorious students

belonging to BPL.

4) Providing drinking water facilities to nearby schools.

5) Providing medical assistance/medicines to the local people.




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Conclusion

The proposed project activities would contribute to the local economy by providing direct or

indirect employment opportunities, monies to local contractors, and recycled revenues

through the local economy. Additional revenues would be generated in the form of royalty

payments to mineral rights owners and taxes collected by the national and the state

governments. Indirect impacts could occur as a result of the new economic development

(e.g., new jobs at businesses that support the expanded workforce or that provide project

materials). Development of an oil or gas field also could potentially affect property values,

either positively from increased employment effects or negatively from proximity to the oil

or gas field and any associated or perceived adverse environmental effects (noise of

compressor stations, visual effects, air quality, etc.). The proposed project will meet the

immense demand of oil & gas products in the states and across the nation. Also, it will

augment the transportation of these products in friendly manner and cost effectively. Hence,

the opportunity for further industry development will increase towards the similar kind of

projects to support production of oil & gas products into the state and across the nation. It

will not only bring income to the states and nation’s exchequer but also increase the supply of

the oil & gas products. With the implementation of the project, the occupational pattern of the

people in the area may change making more people engaged in industrial & business

activities due to which in coming time local people may get opportunity to enhance their

social & economic status.

Since, no human settlements are to be affected by the project and hence, no Rehabilitation &

Resettlement Plan is required in this project. Aside, the study area has great scope for further

development or improvement in education and health sectors in addition to provide better

education & health facilities for achieving finest quality or standard of life to the people

residing in the area. Based on the observation, the institutions for basic health facilities as

Primary Health Centre (PHC), Primary Health Sub-Centre, Maternity & Child Welfare

Centre, Community Health Centre, Dispensaries etc. can be increased & enhanced in context

to provide better health facilities in the area.




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7.3 Public Hearing

Details of public hearing will be included only after conduction of public hearing.




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CHAPTER-8 : Project Benefits

With the additional wells at Modhera Field, present crude oil and gas production is

expected to increase which would contribute in the development of the country and also the

local area.

The increased production would generate additional revenue for the State Government as

well as for the Central Government by way of payments on account of Royalty, CESS, and

taxation. This will also assist in the economic development of this less developed area

in Gujarat by means of generating direct and indirect employment opportunities for the

local people of the region.

8.1 Demand-Supply Gap

The proposed wells will definitely play part in reducing the gap between the demand

and supply of Crude Oil and Gas in the country, which will help in reducing the import

burden of the country. It will open the ventures for city gas in the remote areas.

8.2 Imports vs. Indigenous production

India’s impetus is on to increase the indigenous production of oil and gas so as to meet the

growing demand of the country. We are presently importing around 75%-80% of our

crude oil requirement, which results in hefty import bills. Increase in domestic

production of gas will surely help in securing our energy demand and also, it would save on

the huge import bills.

8.3 Export Possibility

India is an energy deficit country, as such all indigenous oil and gas production is

consumed domestically. The proposed project would not have any export.

8.4 Domestic/ Export Markets

Crude Oil produced from the Modhera Field will be sold to the Indian Oil Corporation or to

private parties. Natural Gas from the field will be sold in the open market in nearby

areas.

8.5 Employment Generation

Proposed activities shall assist in the economic development of this less developed area of

Gujarat and will help in generating direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local




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people in the field of transport sector, oil field services, civil construction, skilled and

non-skilled employment etc.




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CHAPTER-9 : Environmental Management Plan

9.1 General

The environmental management plan consists of a set of mitigation, management, monitoring

and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation of the project, to

eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. The present

environmental management plan addresses, the components of environment, which are likely

to be affected by the different operations in a dredging activity.

The Objectives of EMP are:

Overall conservation of environment.

Minimization of waste generation and pollution.

Judicious use of natural resources and water.

Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace.

Ensure effective operation of all control measures.

Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents.

Monitoring of cumulative and long term impacts.

Ensure effective operation of all control measures.

9.1.1 HSE Policy of Block Operator

The use of fossil fuel will depend not only on technical, economic, and political decisions but

increasingly on environmental considerations and its impact.

Block Operator will continue to conduct its activities in a professional and responsible

manner. The company, not only will comply with the laid down legislation requirements

but when found inadequate will promote creative measures and internal standards for the

protection of health, safety & the environment of the highest order for all who may

directly or indirectly be affected by any of the activities.

Personal safety and employee health is our greatest responsibility, followed by the

protection of the environment and company property.

The company will continue to take a proactive approach toward creating safe work

environments for all employees and will be accountable for promoting continued safety

education and training for all employees, assigning responsibility for all aspects of the




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program, continuously reviewing the program to identify potential areas of improvement,

and ensuring a thorough evaluation of all incidents.

The company will continue to address the environmental and health impact of our

operations by reducing waste, emissions, and discharges and by using energy efficiently.

The company will maintain awareness of HSE matters, so as to be proactive in providing a

value-added service to the clients. This awareness is achieved through education,

communication and definition of the goals and standards appropriate to operation and

those undertaken on the client’s behalf.

9.1.2 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities

This section provides an organizational structure for environmental management during

the proposed drilling project and defines the roles and responsibilities of the various role

players for the duration of the project.

9.1.2.1 Management Approach

The organizational roles and responsibilities are summarized below:

Block Operator: The overall responsibility for compliance with the environmental

management plan rests with the project proponents.

Contractors: The contractors (civil, drilling, and other) will carry out field activities as

part of the exploratory drilling project. The contractors will be subject to certain liabilities

under the environmental laws of the country, and under their contract with block operator.

Independent Monitors (IMs): Block Operator might utilize the option of hiring

independent monitors (IMs) to monitor the environmental performance of the contractors

and the environmental impact of project activities.

A certain degree of redundancy is inevitable across all management levels, but this is in

order to ensure that compliance with the environmental management plan is crosschecked.

Other essential features of the EMP are:

Block Operator will appoint a Field based HSE Coordinator to oversee HSE

compliance throughout the duration of the drilling program.

Block Operator will ensure that all contracts it executes with sub-contractors

comply with positive environmental sensibilities and requirements given in the

environmental management plan.




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Block Operator will cooperate with regulatory agencies (such as the State

Pollution Control Board) and other stakeholders who may want to send their

own teams in to monitor the activities during the drilling program.

9.1.3 Organizational Responsibilities

The salient features of the organisational responsibilities are described below:

9.1.3.1 Primary Responsibilities:

The primary responsibilities for the environmental performance of the project

proponents, the contractors, and the contractors for environmental monitoring will

be assumed by their respective highest-ranking officers in the country during the

project.

Block Operator’s Chief - QHSE will be responsible for the company’s compliance

with the EIA and EMP throughout the project.

The contractor will assume the main responsibility for all environmental matters

pertaining to their work.

Block Operator will coordinate with relevant government departments and other

stakeholders through its Environmental advisor.

9.1.3.2 Field Management and Quality Control

Conducting drilling activities in an environmentally sound manner will be the

responsibility of the drilling contractor/company.

Block Operator’s Company Man (Drilling) will be responsible for the overall

environmental soundness of all field operations.

9.1.3.3 On-the-job Supervision and Monitoring

Block Operator has a Chief - QHSE, who is responsible for ensuring compliance

with the EMP during the drilling operation. He is also responsible for

communicating with and training the drilling crews in all aspects of the EMP.

Block Operator has an HSE Coordinator who will be responsible for all

environmental issues and for the implementation of the environmental management

plan in the field.




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If any monitoring teams from government departments or from NGOs visit the

field during the drilling operation, block operator’s HSE Coordinator and the Chief

will be responsible for coordinating their visits.

9.2 Mitigation Plan

The mitigation plan is a key component of the EMP. It lists all the potential effects of the

project and their associated mitigation measures identified in the EIA. For each

Impact/Hazard, the following information is presented in the plan:

A comprehensive listing of mitigation measures

Actions required

The person(s) responsible for ensuring the full implementation of the action

A time parameter for the implementation of the action to ensure that the

objectives of mitigation are fully met.

The mitigation plan for the activities proposed for the exploratory drillings in the Modhera

block is presented in Table 9.1 (prior to drilling phase) and Table 9.2 (during drilling

phase).

Table 9.1: Environnemental Management Plan - Mitigation Management Matrix (Prior to Drilling Phase)

ROUTINE OPERATIONS

Hazard & Effect(s)

Proposed Mitigation Required Actions Responsible Completion

Land Acquisition Obtain necessary approvals from State Pollution Control Board for construction & operations.

Ensure that all necessary protocols are followed and legal requirements implemented.

Ensure that

appropriate legal requirements have been met with regard to land occupancy, land ownership or usage rights, notice

Block Operator to initiate interaction with the concerned officials in the Pollution Control Board, prior to release of actual location to identify necessary permits and the approval mechanism.

Apply for approval

for Land acquisition with proper maps and prescribed fees

Chief-QHSE

- Do -

Pre-deployment of topographic survey team. After site survey, prior to construction.




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and compensation, etc.

Establish and clearly

document all land agreements with owners, users and state authorities & mark out site boundaries.

Acquiring necessary

approvals from State Pollution control Board in a timely manner

Preliminary site

survey to be carried out by block operator’s civil works consultants to mark the road & site requirement on ground

Block Operator’s

Drilling & Permit team to meet the local Pollution Control authorities to apprise them of the plan and to identify and apply for necessary permissions prior to construction phase and prior to drilling phase.

- Do -

- Do -

- Do - Common application covering “Consent to establish” & “Consent to Operate“

Soil Erosion Minimize the extent of site clearance area, by choosing best layout with respect to existing topography.

Minimize removal of

trees at site Collect topsoil

during road development/ construction, site preparation, etc. and stockpile the same at edge of site to be used to the extent possible for site restoration later.

Detailed contour maps of the site to be prepared with big trees marked on it to work out the best layout to minimize cut & fill & avoid cutting of trees.

To see that

arrangement is in place for collection.

Plan to minimize tree cutting prior to site construction and ensure implementation on ground during site construction phase

Asst. Manager Civil Contractor Asst. Manager

Prior to site preparation and other construction activities-

- Do - To be continued till demobilization.




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Table 9.2: Environmental Management Plan - Mitigation Management

Matrix (during Drilling Phase)

ROUTINE OPERATIONS

Hazard &

Effect(s)

Proposed Mitigation Required Actions Responsibl

e

Completion

Waste and

Effluent

Management

Poor planning and

execution might

pose a threat to

environment.

Contamination of

rain/storm water

run off with rig

wash water &

waste mud

Block Operator to

identify different

type of waste

anticipated during

operations, work out

estimated quantities,

lay down procedures

for collection,

handling, treatment

and disposal of each

type of waste.

Waste Management

Plan to be

implemented during

operations.

Detailed drainage

design will be

developed as a part

of the site design. It

will be ensured that

mud and associated

drainage system is

isolated from the

rain/storm water

drainage system.

Finalizing

Waste

Management

Plan (draft plan

given in EMP

report )

Waste

management plan

to be

implemented

during drilling

and be made

available for

inspection at site

to all regulatory

bodies.

Block Operator

to work with

Civil works

consultants

/contractors to

develop detailed

drainage system

addressing

concerns outlined

Chief

QHSE in

association

with

Drilling

Team

Chief –

QHSE/Drill

ing

Manager

Drilling

Team

Prior to

drilling

Implementati

on - During

all

operations at

site and

during

demobilizati

on

Site Design

phase




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Pits must have

adequate capacity to

prevent flooding

during high rains

(maintain free board)

and should be fully

bounded.

here.

Block Operator

to work out

required pit

volumes based on

maximum case

scenario

including

rainwater.

Drilling

Team

- Do -

Wastewater &

cuttings may

contain trace

amounts of drill

fluid and residual

chemicals.

Management of

Produced Water

All wastewater,

which will be

generated from

washings & spent

mud will be

contained in HDPE

lined (1 mm thick)

pits. The wastewater

will be treated

through flocculation

and dilution to

achieve SPCB

compliance for

discharged into a

nearby

nullah/stream.

Cuttings will be

dried to maximum

extent possible using

suitable equipment

and will be contained

in separate pits.

Site design will

include

adequately sized

pits to contain

wastewater &

also treated water

prior to

discharge. Block

Operator will hire

a flocculation

unit either from a

local contractor

or an

international

service company.

Block Operator

will hire Hi –G

drier system to

treat the cuttings

coming from the

shakers to

achieve fairly dry

cuttings.

Drilling

Team

Drilling

Team

Site Design /

Contractor

procurement.

Planning &

Procurement

phase prior

to drilling

Contractor

Procurement

/

drilling

operations.




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Fuels, Lubricants

and Chemicals

Management pose

threat of major,

moderate & minor

spills

The water generated

during drilling

operation is likely to

have very high

turbidity and salt

contents.

Prepare a

comprehensive Oil

Spill Contingency

Plan (OSCP) to

handle all major,

moderate & minor

spills.

Keeping all fuels,

lubricants and

chemicals in well-

designed storage

facility with regular

inventory checking.

Ensure that OSCP is

implemented during

operations.

This water will be

treated by

coagulation &

flocculation and

the treated water

after conforming

to MOEF

standards will be

discharged to

nearby nullah.

Finalizing the

Oil Spill

Contingency Plan

(OSCP)

Checklist of all

drums and

containers

located within

footprint of the

storage area

Live risk

assessment

trainings and

awareness raising

among all

workers

associated with

mock exercises.

Drilling

Team and

Chief –

QHSE

Chief -

QHSE in

association

with the

Drilling

Team

Rig’s

maintenanc

e staff

Chief -

QHSE and

Environme

ntal

Advisor

Prior to

commencem

ent of

drilling

operations

Through out

the

operations.

Pre-Drilling

Inductions

and during

the

operations

Contamination by

way of

oil/lubricant spills

and leaching

Used and unused

chemicals will be

stored in a lined &

bunded area.

The lined &

bunded area for

the diesel tank

will have extra

space to contain

Drilling

Team.

Site design

phase




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Executing delivery

of fuel to drilling site

under strict

supervision and

carrying out

refueling operations

in an area with

impervious flooring

and surface drainage

with oil interceptor.

Use of suitable

delivery trucks

Impervious liners in

place for fuel,

lubricants storage

area. Fuel/lubricant

containment &

generator area to

have drains with oil

entrapment

provision.

Effective bunds

capable of containing

110% of the volume

of the largest

container within and

enclosing all

potentially

contaminating

used and un used

lubricants in

drums.

Keeping an

inventory of all

fueling and

refueling

operations.

Check all

delivery trucks

for suitability &

ensure that they

meet safety

requirements

Impervious liners

to be installed in

the fuel &

lubricant storage

area.

Fuel/lubricant

storage area &

generator area to

have drains with

oil entrapment

mechanism.

Site design to

incorporate bund

requirement for

the fuel/lubricant

storage area.

Constructio

n contractor

during

constructio

n phase &

Rig’s

maintenanc

e staff

during

drilling

phase.

HSE

coordinator

Drilling

Team

- Do -.

Site design

& through

out the

operations.

- Do -

Site design

phase.

- Do -




Page 131

materials. To be used

for fuel/lubricants

storage area.

Major Spills:

Spills which are

more than 200

liters and will

require initiation

of Emergency

Response

Procedures.

Non-contaminated

and contaminated

runoff will be kept

separate. Non-

contaminated runoff

will be routed to off-

site area. Potentially

contaminated runoff

will be treated.

Oil drip pans will be

used wherever there

is significant

potential for leakage.

All spills/leaks to be

contained reported

and cleaned up

immediately.

Minor Spills: Minor

spills/leakages

defined as leaks from

vehicles, machinery,

equipment or storage

containers such that

the area and depth of

soil contaminated is

less than 1 sq ft and

3 inches respectively

Moderate Spills:

These are defined as

spills of volume less

than or equal to 200

liters.

Ensure separate

runoff routes

during site

design.

Drip pans will be

used.

Oil Spill

Contingency Plan

to be in place and

implemented.

Soil

contaminated will

be scraped and

proper disposal.

Such spills will

be contained

and controlled

using shovels,

sands and native

soil. These

equipment and

- Do -

HSE

Coordinator

HSE

Coordinator

HSE

Coordinator

HSE

Coordinator

- Do -

Throughout

the drilling

operations.

- Do -

- Do -

Through out

the drilling

Operations




Page 132

materials will be

made available

at camp sites

and well site

during the

operation. The

contaminated

soil will be

excavated and

stored in a

bunded area

lined with an

impermeable

base. The

contaminated

soil will be

disposed off as

per norms.

These spills will

be handled and

controlled with

special care and

will require

special treatment

such as

bioremediation.

Noise and

Vibration

Checklist of all

machineries with

record of date of

procurement,

installation and age.

Regular maintenance

of all equipments.

Implement good

working practices to

Inventory of all

machineries to be

prepared and

submitted to

block operator

for review.

Maintenance Log

Book to be

prepared and

submitted to

block operator

for review.

No machinery

Rig

Contractor

Rig

Contractor

During

drilling

operations

Prior to and

during

drilling

operations

During




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minimize noise.

Wearing of ear

protector when

appropriate.

running when not

required.

Block Operator

to distribute noise

protection

equipment and

ensure utilization

by the work

force.

- Do -

HSE

Coordinator

Drilling

operations

- Do -

Air Emissions Operate all

equipment within

specified design

parameters.

Store all dry, dusty

material (chemicals,

etc.) in sealed

containers.

Minimize duration of

testing by careful

planning.

Minimize emissions

during well testing

(flaring).

Minimize dust

Ensure proper

Equipment

maintenance.

Ensure absence

of stockpiles or

open containers

of dusty

materials.

Options for

MDT, Open Hole

DST to be

explored for

shorter test

include in the

plan if found

suitable

Effective

separation of oil

& gas to be

achieved and the

separated oil will

be trucked to

IOC/OIL and

only dry clean

gas to be flared.

Watering of

Rig

Mechanic

Rig’s

maintenanc

e staff

Drilling

Team

- Do -

HSE

During

Drilling

operations.

- Do -

Planning

phase

- Do -

During




Page 134

generated from truck

movement

roads if required. Coordinator Drilling

operations.

Solid Wastes

Wastes will

include organic

wastes, scrap

metal, waste oil

& surplus

chemicals, sacks,

broken wooden

pallets, medical

wastes etc.

Ensure proper

documentation and

manifestation of all

wastes generated.

Litter and debris not

to be discarded at

site and to be

segregated at a

segregation pit on

the well site

No-toxic

biodegradable waste

to be buried during

operations and

decommissioning,

ensuring that local

water resources are

not contaminated in

any way.

Pre-operation

inspections to

ensure waste

disposal facilities

are in place.

A segregation pit

to have waste

types segregated

into separate

drums at the well

site.

Block Operator

to include in

tender

requirements

wherever

possible.

HSE

Coordinator

HSE

Coordinator

Drilling

Team &

HSE

Coordinator

.

Prior to

drilling

operations

During

drilling

Site design

& drilling

operations

Non-routine

events and

accidental

releases. (Well

kicks, blow out)

Bulk supply of

materials to be

referred for

minimization of

packaging wastes.

Unused materials to

be returned to

Block Operator

to arrange for

proper disposal

and waste

recycling

contractors

Drilling

team.

Contractor

procurement

phase.




Page 135

supplier.

Material such as

scrap metal, waste

oil & surplus

chemicals will be

disposed of in a

controlled manner

through authorized

waste contractors.

Draw up Oil Spill

Contingency Plan

(OSCP) and

Emergency Response

Plan (ERP), Well

Control Plan & keep

it updated.

Maintain state of

readiness for quick

response including

plan awareness,

training and regular

exercises.

Risk of loss of well

control to be

minimized through

i) Proper well

design, which will

ensure that the

hydrostatic weight of

mud will overcome

formation pressure.

ii) Proper drilling

program design to

ensure selection of

Block Operator

to monitor strict

compliance with

the provisions of

OSCP and ERP

& Well Control

Plan.

Records of

interaction

between the

management and

the work force.

Records of

training and

drills.

Ensure all

available offset

data is examined

for proper design

parameters.

Same as above

Same as above

Well monitoring

equipment to detect

influx from reservoir.

Drilling

team/HSE

coordinator

Company

man and

HSE

Coordinator

- Do -

Drilling

Engineer

- Do -

Drilling

Team

Planning

phase &

implementati

on during

drilling

Throughout

drilling

operations

- Do -

Prior to

Drilling

- Do -

- Do -




Page 136

properly rated BOP

equipment.

iii) Ensure that the

block operator’s

supervision team &

Rig contractor’s

relevant operating

personnel are trained

to handle well

control situations

and hold relevant

well control training

certificates.

iv) Ensure advanced

detection system is

in place and BOP

equipment is well

maintained.

Spill Response

Spill kits will be on

the drill site to

handle spills

comprising

adsorbents;

approved

containers for

storage and

transport of spill

wastes, disposable

bags,

gloves/goggles,

etc. promptly to

prevent breeding of

mosquitoes.

Pressure detection

service provided by

Mud-logging

contractor.

Blowout

preventors tested

on installation

and routinely.

While at the drilling

location, any spill

will be reported

promptly

Drilling

Team/Drilli

ng

Contractor

Drilling

Contractor/

HSE

Coordinator

- Do -

Prior to

drilling/durin

g operations.

During

drilling

operations

- Do -




Page 137

Socio-Economic

Impacts

Ensure no water

(surface or ground)

contamination occurs

from drilling

operations

Dust emissions on

access road to be

minimized.

All manual labor and

other jobs for which

local skills are

available are

recruited from local

people.

Undertake social

welfare projects for

the local

communities through

well thought out

CSR strategy.

Implement waste

management plan

and undertake

water quality

monitoring

before, during

and after the

operations.

Regular

monitoring of the

access road and

deployment of

water tankers to

minimize dust.

Block Operator

to keep a record

of all jobs and

provide monthly

feedback on jobs

provided to locals

and others with

clear reporting on

each job profile.

Develop a CSR

strategy for the

area and

implement one

social welfare

project during

each drilling

well

Chief -

QHSE/

HSE

Coordinator

HSE

Coordinator

Chief -

QHSE

General

Manager

Drilling &

Chief -

QHSE

Planning and

during the

operations

During

drilling

Planning and

during

drilling

Planning

phase and

during

drilling

operations

9.3 Waste Management Plan

To facilitate field level implementation, a draft waste management plan is proposed which

will be subject to fine tuning before the start of the operations. This draft Waste management

plan is presented below in Table 9.3.




Page 138

Table 9.3: Waste Management Plan

Category Waste

Type

Proposed Action Who is

Responsible

for action?

What needs to be

Reported?

Monitoring

Domestic

Waste

Sewage

(Black

Water)

It is expected that less than

0.5 m 3 /day of domestic

wastewater (sewage and

sullage) will be generated

from each exploratory

drilling site. The treatment

proposed for the domestic

water includes allowing

domestic wastewater to

pass into a septic tank to be

provided at a drilling site.

The septic tank will be

constructed as per the

Bureau of Indian Standard

IS: 2470 (Part-1): 1985.

All Sewage to be

channelised into septic

tanks and soak pits.

HSE

coordinator

Dimensions of

pits, Integrity &

maintenance of the

pits, Level of

sewage in the Pits

Chief - QHSE

Wastewat

er from

Kitchen

and

Laundry

(Gray

Water)

The disposal of the

overflow from the septic

tank will be done into a

soak pit provided at the

drilling site. The secondary

treatment (soak pit) can be

constructed as per the

Bureau of Indian Standard

IS: 2470 (Part-2): 1985.

All gray water to be

channelised into soak pits.

Excess waste water will be

sprinkled on the project

access road

HSE

coordinator

Dimensions of

pits, Integrity &

maintenance of the

pits, Level of gray

water in the Pits.

Check availability

of grease

collection pit and

frequent collection

of grease, regular

checking of

wastewater level in

the pit.

HSE

Coordinator /

Chief - QHSE




Page 139

Category Waste

Type


Responsible

for action?

What needs to be

Reported?

Monitoring

Food

Waste

To be properly segregated

(no plastics, metal, glass in

it) and brought to the

segregation pit. Dig two

small humus pits (each of

2m x 2m x 1.5 m) within

the drilling site area away

from common use by rig

crewmembers. The humus

pits are to be covered with

soil on daily basis to avoid

any odour nuisance due to

putrification and check any

contact with the flies or

insects.

Drilling

Contractor’s

Environmen

t Officer

Construction of

pits, daily disposal

of organic waste

and covering it

with soil

HSE

Coordinator

Combusti

ble Waste

(Paper.

Rags,

Packing

material)


(no plastics, metal, glass in

it) and brought to the

segregation pit. Sent to

recycling contractor.

Drilling

Contractor’s

Environmen

t Officer

Ensure daily

bringing of the

waste to the pit.

Periodic sending

of waste to

recycling

contractor

HSE

Coordinator

Hazardou

s Waste

Medical

waste

(Waste

generated

from

clinic)

To ensure the availability

of specified boxes, use of

syringe cutters. Waste to be

properly separated and

stored temporarily at site

separately from other

wastes. Medical waste to

be transported to the

hospital at Kutch.

Medical

Doctor

Segregation of

waste

Transportation of

waste to

incinerator at

Kutch

HSE

Coordinator




Page 140

Category Waste

Type


Responsible

for action?

What needs to be

Reported?

Monitoring

Recyclabl

e Waste

Tin

packs,

plastic

and glass

bottles

and other

metallic

materials


and temporary storage at

segregation pit at well site.

Deliver to approved

recycling contractor

Drilling

Contractor

Segregation and

storing of waste at

the site. Sending of

waste recycling

contractor

HSE

Coordinator

Drilling

Wastes

Drill

Cuttings

To be stored in 1mm

HDPE lined pits on the

well site.

At the close of operations,

if leachate analysis

performed on properly

washed and reasonably

dried drill cuttings show

that it is non-hazardous in

nature, then it can be

disposed of as inert

material either into a

cuttings pit onsite or offsite

or taken for beneficial use

in construction of roads or

spreading on land in the

local area or land filling.

If found hazardous,

disposal can be done onsite

or offsite as per the

approval of the State

Pollution Control Board or

to dispose it in some

existing secured landfill

operating in the region.

HSE

Coordinator

Check integrity of

the HDPE lined

pit. Verify that

volume of pit is

adequate for

storage of cuttings

from the drilling

site.

Leachate analysis

to be done once a

month from a

recognized Lab.

Chief - QHSE




Page 141

Category Waste

Type


Responsible

for action?

What needs to be

Reported?

Monitoring

Un-Used

Drilling

Mud

To be stored in 1mm

HDPE lined pit on site.

After the operations it

should be transported to

another drilling site in the

block.

HSE

Coordinator

/ Drilling

Engineer

Check integrity of

the HDPE lined

pit.

Chief - QHSE/

Drilling

Manager

Drilling

& Wash

Wastewat

er

After flocculation, the

treated wastewater is stored

in a holding/buffer pit

(1mm HDPE lined) and

then disposed in a natural

drain if conforms to the

stipulated standards.

Otherwise repeat treatment

required for the non-

complying parameters or

ensure dilution in case of

marginal exceed of

standards.

HSE

Coordinator

Check integrity of

the HDPE lined

pit. Volume (cum)

of wash

wastewater

generated.

Testing for

stipulated

standards from

recognized Labs

before discharge

into natural drains.

Chief - QHSE

Chemical

Sludge

(generate

d as a

result of

wastewat

er

treatment

)

The treatment of the sludge

so generated can be for pH

correction, if any, followed

by dewatering either in

centrifuge and or solar

evaporation. The treatment

is to be ensured in a pit

properly lined with

impervious HDPE liner of

1.0 mm.

Disposal is dependent on

establishing non-hazardous

or hazardous nature after

the end of operations.

HSE

Coordinator

Check integrity of

the HDPE lined

pit. Volume (cum)

of the sludge

generated.

Testing for

stipulated

standards from

recognized Labs

before deciding

final disposal.

- Do -




Page 142

Category Waste

Type


Responsible

for action?

What needs to be

Reported?

Monitoring

Oily

Waste

Used Oil Oil changing activity is

allowed only at the rig site.

Oil to be collected in

designated containers at the

Rig site. Ensure that the

used oil drums are safely

transported to the approved

recycling contractor at to

the certified workshop.

HSE

Coordinator

Collection and

storage of oil.

Used oil drums

safely transported

and sent to

approved recycling

contractor

- Do -

For the proposed drilling, it is expected that the drill cuttings will be free from oil and may

not be rendered as hazardous, provided it is out of the purview of concentration criteria laid

down under the Rules. The sludge from the proposed drilling operations may be rendered as

free from oil by providing suitable pre-treatment measures. However, as per the Rules, any

chemical sludge generated from wastewater treatment is considered as hazardous. Therefore,

the chemical sludge from the wastewater treatment at the proposed exploratory drilling can

be rendered as hazardous. The drilling mud and other drilling wastes also considered as

hazardous. However, based on sampling and analysis carried out through a recognized

laboratory after the end of the drilling phase, if it is proved that the drilling mud and other

drilling wastes do not contain any of the constituents mentioned in HWM rules to the extent

of concentration limits specified therein, the wastes may not be treated as hazardous. Block

Operator would require prior authorization from the State Pollution Control Board for

treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of any hazardous waste generated at site

during drilling operations.

Table 9.4: Onshore Discharge Standards for Liquid Effluent from Oil Drilling

S. No. Parameter Onshore discharge standard

(not to exceed)

1 pH value 5.5 to 9.0

2 Temperature, ºC 40.0




Page 143

3 Suspended Solids, mg/l 100.0

4 Zinc, mg/l 2.0

5 BOD at 27ºC for 3 days,

mg/l

30.0

6 COD, mg/l 100.0

7 Chlorides, mg/l 600.0

8 Sulphates, mg/l 1000.0

9 Total Dissolved Solids,

mg/l

2100.0

10 Sodium, mg/l 60.0

11 Oil and Grease, mg/l 10.0

12 Phenolics, mg/l 1.2

13 Cyanides, mg/l 0.2

14 Fluorides, mg/l 1.5

15 Sulphides, mg/l 2.0

16 Chromium (Hexavalent),

mg/l

0.1

17 Chromium (Total), mg/l 1.0

18 Copper, mg/l 0.2

19 Lead, mg/l 0.1

20 Mercury, mg/l 0.01

21 Nickel, mg/l 3.0

The proposed drilling operations require to discharge treated wastewater only after achieving

above standards and or as specifically imposed by the State Pollution Control Board in its

permit to operate for drilling of proposed exploratory well.

9.4 Restoration and Rehabilitation

9.4.1 Well Abandonment

After well testing and evaluation, a decision on whether to abandon or develop the well will

be taken. If no indications of a commercial quantity of oil are encountered, either before or

after testing, the well will be declared dry, accordingly plugged and abandoned, and the site

restored in line with local regulations and good industry practice. As a minimum, the

following steps will be undertaken to restore and rehabilitate the area:

The wellhead and all casing string will be cut off to a minimum depth of 3 m

(10 ft) below ground level.




Page 144

All concrete structures will be broken up, and the debris disposed off as per the

regulatory requirements.

All other waste products, solid and liquid, will be disposed of in accordance with the

requirements of the EIA and will be treated to render them harmless.

All fencing and access gates will be removed.

All pits whose contents would show regulatory compliance for on-site disposal, at the

time of site closure, will be backfilled and closed out as per the legal requirements.

Waste products, solid and liquid, will be disposed of in accordance with the waste

management plan.

9.4.2 Well Suspension

After well testing and evaluation, if it is decided that the oil field is to be further

appraised, the well site and the access road will be maintained and a separate EIA

conducted for organizing the appraisal and possible development of the oil field. Further

development of the well will depend on the outcome of the EIA and the approval of the

concerned government agencies. The site will not be restored to its original condition

until a decision is taken on the environmental assessment of the field development. Until

then, the fencing will be left intact and the site sealed, although a few security men will

be posted at the site for its protection. The road will be maintained but barriers installed at

suitable locations will control access to it. Block Operator will provide a yearly

environmental monitoring report for this period to the regulatory bodies for their

information. The report will consist of records of any activity, environmental issues, and

the activities planned concerning the well site.

9.5 Greenbelt Development

As per the MoEF&CC, 33% of the project area must be developed for greenbelt purpose.

Most of the activities are sub surface in nature and will not have any impact on the

surface surrounding area. However, adequate green belt will be developed nearby the

proposed well sites and GWHI area.

9.6 Safety during dredging operation

As soon as the drilling operation starts, the area must be confined with red signals/ flags and

sign boards. Public must be informed through announcement etc. DGMS has given




Page 145

necessary guidelines for the safety and surveillance against these occupational hazards wise

prevention measures. Initial & periodical examination will be conducted. FORM-O is

prescribed as Medical examination for every employee as per Rules- 1955. Details of tests

are given in the form provided that in case any dust/emission related diseases need to be

conducted more frequently as the examination authority deems necessary

Normal sanitary facilities will be provided in the nearby area. The management will carry out

periodic health check up of workers.

Occupational hazards involved are related to dust pollution, noise pollution, and injuries from

moving machineries & equipment and fall in to the reservoir. All necessary first aid and

medical facilities will be provided to the workers. The site will be well equipped with proper

fire protection and firefighting equipment. All operators and mechanics will be trained to

handle fire-fighting equipments. Further all the necessary protective equipments such as

helmets, safety goggles, earplugs, earmuffs, etc. will be provided to persons working at site

as per OHSAS.

9.6.1 Disaster Management Plan

The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is a guide, giving general considerations, directions,

and procedures for handling emergencies likely to arise from planned operations.

Structure

The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is supposed to be a dynamic, changing, document

focusing on continual improvement of emergency response planning and arrangements. A

structure working on a Plan, Do, Check & Review (PDCR) cycle has been therefore

suggested. Another advantage of doing this is to have a system that is in synchronicity with

commonly used SHE systems such as ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.

Policy

The Safety Health and Environmental (SHE) policy should be existing & accessible to all at

site and to other stakeholders. The policy should be framed considering legislative

compliance, stakeholder involvement, continual improvement, and management by

objectives.

Planning

Identification & Prevention of Possible Emergencies




Page 146

Possible emergency situations can broadly be classified into drowning, vehicle collision, and

inundation. Additional emergencies can be developed based on audit or other procedures

prior to commencement of operations.

Emergency Prevention

Some of the ways of preventing emergencies are as follows:

Preparation of a Preventive Maintenance Schedule Programme and also covering

maintenance schedules for all critical equipments and instruments as per

recommendations of the manufacturer’s user manuals.

Importantly, it is of great importance to collect and analyze information pertaining to

minor incidents and accidents at the site, as well as for recording near-misses or

emergencies that were averted. This information gives an indication of how likely or

unlikely it is for the site to face actual emergency and what shall be further action to

prevent them from occurring.

Establishment of an ongoing training and evaluation programme, incorporating the

development of capabilities amongst employees about potential emergencies and

ways and means of identifying and averting the same. Most emergencies do not occur

without some incidence or an abnormal situation. So there is always sometime of few

seconds to few minutes to arrest an incident of abnormal situation from turning in to

an emergency. This is the role of the in-charge who is the incident controller (IC)

along with his team.

Emergency Plan Objectives

Specific objectives of the Emergency Response Plan are to be clearly listed about the

responses desired for successful management of the possible emergency situations.

Suggested objectives could include:

To define and assess emergencies, including risk and environmental impact

assessment.

To control and contain incidents.

To safeguard employees.

To minimize damage to property or / and the environment.

To inform employees, the general public and the authority on the hazards / risks

assessed.




Page 147

Safeguard provided residual risk if any and the role to be played by them in the

event of emergency.

To inform authorities like Safety and Fire Department and Mutual Aid Centers to

come up for help.

For effective rescue and treatment of casualties and to count the injured.

To identify and list fatal accidents if any.

To secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and to restore normally.

To provide authoritative information to the news media.

To preserve records, equipments etc. and to organize investigation into the cause

of the emergency and preventive measures to stop its recurrence.

To ensure safety of staff and patients and resume work.

To work out a plan with all provisions to handle emergencies and to provide for

emergency.

Preparedness and the periodical rehearsal of the plan.

Setting-up of Emergency Infrastructure

To enable the key persons to implement the DMP, the following infrastructure will require to

be set up:

ASSEMBLY POINTS

In case of emergency, the site needs to be evacuated immediately. On evacuation, people will

go to pre-assigned assembly points. The charge will be taken by shift in charge, in his

absence person deployed by In-charge/HSE Head/Contractor will be in charge of respective

assembly points, and will supervise Assembly and Head Count. A Board indicating the

Assembly Point having relevant information is placed at point for guidance.

Liaison with State Authorities

Government authorities, local hospital, police fire services, taluka, district collector will be

kept informed about the occurrence and development of any incident by the In-charge/HSE

Head/Contractor and procure necessary help and guidance from these authorities.

TASK FORCE OF ESSENTIAL STAFF

A task force of essential trained staff is made available to get work done by the HSE Head.

Task Force personnel shall be trained to perform tasks as mentioned above.

Emergency Control Center




Page 148

Site In-charge office will act as Emergency Control Center and provided with required

communication facilities. The Control Center is situated in an area of minimum risk and close

to the road to allow for ready access by a vehicle if other systems fail or extra communication

facilities are needed to be set up. The Emergency control center should consist of following

items:

External telephones

Internal telephones

E-Mail facilities

Emergency plan

Stationeries

Torches and emergency lights

Ropes and Life Jackets

I. Fire Fighting

Person noticing the fire shall immediately raise alarm and ask the nearest person to inform In-

charge. Fire water network/foam pourers and portable Fire Extinguisher shall be used in an

attempt to extinguish the fire, by the person at site at 24X7. In-charge shall assess the severity

of fire and if likely to be severe shall take following steps:

Call fire tenders and mobile trailer pump from nearby fire department.

Call for assembly of all persons at assembly points

Arrange for turning "OFF" main switch of electricity supply

II. Emergency Preparedness for Electrical Shock

Source of power should be put off immediately in case of any electrical shock.

Injured person should be shifted to safe place.

Persons engaged in rescuing operation should use all Personal Protective Equipments

(PPE) and take appropriate precaution while removing the injured persons.

Trained persons are engaged to give first-aid treatment to injured persons.

In case of major injury, the injured is shifted to the Dispensary/Hospital.

In case of electrical fire, only CO2 type Fire Extinguisher is used.

Accident report in prescribed form is sent to appropriate authority in case of

reportable injury.




Page 149

All the persons engaged to carry out this operation should be equipped with

appropriate PPEs like safety shoes, helmets, dust masks etc.

III. Natural Disasters

EARTHQUAKE

When earthquake hits, all persons shall be encouraged to run out in the open

areas designated as Assembly Points.

All the electrical supply should be disconnected by the electrical department.

All key personnel shall reach site immediately and carry out designated

responsibilities

Steps detailed in Emergency preparedness are to be carried out.

As soon as earthquake tremor stops – Incharge shall:

Check all areas to ensure that fire is doused.

Check all areas for persons trapped inside.

Search and Rescue Operation shall be launched with help of

Workers, if there is obvious damage to building.

FLOOD

As soon as the water level starts rising up, a siren must be wailed to make the workers

aware of the matter.

All the dredging activity must be stopped immediately. Workers shall be encouraged

to evacuate the site.

All the equipments should be removed and power supply must be cut. .

IV. Treatment of Affected Persons

Injured / Affected persons shall be provided suitable first-aid treatment and sent to

Doctors/Empanelled hospitals for further treatment depending on injury.

Patients requiring further treatment shall be sent in Ambulances to Hospitals in

Mehsana/Ahmedabad.

Patients suffering from minor problems shall be discharged and sent home after

preliminary treatment.

V. Post Emergency Activities

Medical checkup: Medical checkup of affected persons if any and suitable medical

aid shall be provided.




Page 150

Collection of Records: Exact information shall be collected regarding cause of

Emergency and remedial measures suggested preventing recurrence.

Inquiry: Detailed inquiry shall be carried out to find out cause, which will be in the

form of fact-finding and recommendations made to suitable authority.

Insurance Claims (if any): Insurance claims for damage due to consequences of

emergency shall be filed.

VI. Training

Regular training of all concerned personnel will be conducted to enable the Staff to face any

type of Emergency be it Natural Disasters, Fire in Equipment, any other mishap at site.

Table 9.5: Control and Action Plan of the Incidents

S.No Causes Control Procedure Responsible Person

(Designation)

1 Heavy

rainfall or

flood

Closing the drilling

operation

Siren Wailing for

Workers .

Stopping of drilling

activity.

Confinement of the

Area by making sign

boards.

Site In-charge/ HSE

Manager

2 Poor Cabling

/ Earthling

To Rotating

Equipments

Periodic servicing

of electrical

instruments.

Periodic Inspection

/ Audit of Electrical

equipments – cables

and accessories

Non Compliance to

SOP.

Section VII – Works

of Licensees of Indian

Electricity Rules 2003

Electrical In charge

3 Head on

collision

between

vehicle and

another

vehicle (due

to poor

Haul road should be

sprinkled

Regularly.

Driving at night

shall be avoided.

Driver should be

RTO licensed

Sprinkling of water in

haul road as per Reg.

124MMR 1961 and

appointment of RTO

licensed drivers

Site In-charge/ HSE

Manager




Page 151

S.No Causes Control Procedure Responsible Person

(Designation)

visibility or

incompetent

drivers)

holder for driving

vehicle.

Poor vehicle

maintenance

Periodic servicing

of vehicle, Brakes

and steering

apparatus should be

in good condition.

Headlight and tail

light of the vehicle

should be in good

condition

Procedure for

Maintenance of

Vehicles under Reg.

176 of MMR -1961

Site In-charge/ HSE

Manager

4 Poor

machinery

Maintenance

Periodic servicing

of machineries.

Periodic Inspection

/ Audit of

Machineries and

Structures Non

Compliance to

SOP.

Procedure laid under

Section 174 Chapter

XVI – Machinery and

Plant of MMR 1961

Site In-charge/ HSE

Manager

9.7 Effluents and Solid Waste

All efforts will be made to minimize the waste generated while the project is in progress. The

main types of waste that will be generated are:

Drill cuttings, waste mud, sludge and waste water

Used fuels and chemicals

Used oil and filters

Sewage

Camp waste

Medical waste

9.7.1 Drill Cuttings, Waste Mud, Sludge and Wastewater

A water-based mud system will be used to drill each exploratory well and a base salt

(Potassium Sulphate) will be added to the system to avoid borehole instability problems. Dry




Page 152

cuttings will be disposed in an HDPE lined pit. Waste mud, sludge, and wastewater will be

stored on site in HDPE lined pits and will be tested to ascertain hazardous or non-hazardous

nature. HDPE lining will be made with 1mm thick impervious layer. If non hazardous, pits

with these wastes will be closed as per regulatory pit closure protocols. In case of hazardous

status, drilling wastes will be disposed as per the Hazardous Wastes Management Rules

2016.Figure 9.1 below illustrate the water balance for drilling.

Figure 9.1: Water Balance for Drilling

9.7.2 Fuels and Chemicals

Used fuels, oils, and chemicals will be stored in containers in areas lined with impervious

floors and surrounded by containing dykes at the rig site. Recyclable material will

periodically be transported out of the project area and given to the contractors. Disposal of off

specified hazardous wastes will be ensured through the suppliers of the material. IPL, through




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its suppliers ensures that all surplus or residual chemical additives are given back to them on

restocking basis.

9.7.3 Used Oil and Filters

Used Oil & filters and spare parts, can largely be recycled. All such waste will be collected

and transported out of the project area and sold to authorized recyclers.

9.7.4 Sewage

As part of the site preparation stage, a drainage and sewerage system will be constructed for

the camp and the rig. The sewerage system will consist of septic tanks followed by soak pits

for the collection and treatment of wastewater generated from the camp kitchen, laundry, and

showers. Overflow from the soak pits, if any will be sprayed over the ground allowing it to

soak away or evaporate.

Sewage from toilets will go into septic tanks from where, after being treated, the wastewater

will go into a soak pit The semi-solid residue from septic tanks will be periodically cleaned

and transported to municipal solid waste disposal site in Bhuj.

9.7.5 Medical Waste

Small amounts of medical waste like used syringes, bandages, empty medicinal bottles and

other used items will be generated. Usually this may not be more than few kgs (5-10 kgs).

After proper segregation, this waste will be given to the local hospital at Kutch for proper

disposal.

9.7.6 Camp Waste

It is expected that paper, plastics, metal wood, kitchen and food waste will be generated from

the domestic activities during the drilling operations. All camp wastes will be segregated at

the segregation pit built at the project site.

Table 9.6: Quantity of solid waste generated

S No Waste Type Quantity Characteristics

1 Kitchen Waste 50-60 kg/day Organic Waste

2 Drill cuttings 250-500 m3/day/well

Mainly inert material consisting of Shale, sands and clay; and

About 1% of drilling mud




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3 Paper, wood, plastic container (other than chemicals)

50-60 kg/day General scrap

4 Drilling mud (Fluid)

300m3/day Barite Betonite Traces of Heavy metals

5 Used Acid-Lead Batteries

2-3 Batteries/well Acid and lead

All biodegradable waste (food & kitchen waste) at the site will be collected and disposed off

into two small humus pits (each of 2m x 2m x 1.5 m) within the drilling site area away from

common use by rig crewmembers. The humus pits are to be covered with soil on daily basis

to avoid any odour nuisance due to decomposition and check any contact with the flies or

insects. Any non-combustible and non-biodegradable waste, such as glass, metal, and plastic,

will be separated and transported through contractor for disposal.




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CHAPTER-10 : Conclusions The block is mainly located in Mehsana district of Gujarat; 20 km West of Mehsana city.

The block spreads over an area of 12.7 sq. km. on the western rising flank of Ahmedabad

– Mehsana tectonic block of Cambay Basin. Climate of the area varies from Arid to

Semi-arid type. The drilling locations will be planned far away from human habitation.

Hence, the drilling operation is unlikely to have any negative impact on the livelihood of

local population. Further the land will be reinstated to its existing condition as far as

possible.

Two wells Exist in the field. Now, as a part of the reactivation process, Sun petro intends

to drill new appraisal wells in the Field near the existing wellls. In case of discovery,

there will be overall development of the surrounding area due to additional infrastructure

facilities, employment opportunities, etc.

The drilling of the exploration well will result in a range of controlled releases to the

environment with remote possibility for non-routine or accidental releases. The

environmental impact assessment process has systematically identified and assessed all

potential environmental impacts associated with the drilling operations.

The main source of liquid effluents generated during the drilling operations will be from

the spent drilling fluid resulting from the cleaning of the cuttings from the drilling fluid

circulation system. However, the drilling fluid to be used for the drilling of wells will be

water based mud, which will not pose any risk of contamination to subsurface

formations, and the disposal of the fluid and cuttings will also be less problematic.

The drilling fluid comprises of chemicals and the effluents generated during the drilling

will contain only minor traces of heavy metals concentration, well below the CPCB

norms prescribed for effluents. However, the EIA also provides safe guards against high

levels of heavy metals or other hazardous substances in the drilling wastes as it proposes

that the proponent will undertake appropriate tests to ascertain the hazardous/non-

hazardous nature of its drilling wastes before final disposal.

The major solid wastes generated during operations will be the rock cuttings. These will

be separated from the circulation system and adequately dried and stored at site

temporarily in separate cuttings pit.

As a result of the control measures and management processes in place, there should be

no significant impacts resulting from the proposed operations. A detail environmental




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management plan (EMP), which includes mitigation management matrix as well as

environmental monitoring protocols. This plan is primarily an implementation document

for the operator as well as an au Figure 3.12 dit document for any regulatory body to see

if prescriptions of the EIA are being implemented.

To ensure that adverse environmental impacts are minimized and sustainable

development of the area is possible, block operator will ensure that the following

monitoring targets during the drilling operations are at least met:

Periodic check on wastewater discharge quality

Periodic check of water quality of natural water bodies around the drilling site

Performance of comprehensive waste management plan as outlined in the

EMP

Periodic check of protective measures in place.

Contents - Gujarat Pollution Control Board

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