มมมมมมมมมมมม มมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมม1.มมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมม

5510122119001 2.มมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมม 5510122119002 3.มมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมม 5510122119011

4.มมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม มมมม 5510122119021 5.มมมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมม 5510122119026 6.มมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมม มมมม 5510122119028 7.มมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมม 5510122119030 8.มมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม มมมม 5510122119031นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน 2 นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (hydrological cycles) มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (precipitation) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (infiltration) มมมมมมมมมมมมมม (run of)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (evapotranspiration)

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน(นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม "มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม" มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน(นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Surface run off) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน(นนน)

มมมมมมมม (wastewater) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 (ม.ม.2539) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน(นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม “ มมมมมมมม ”

(น) นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

(น) นนนนนนนนนนน

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน(นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมม มมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน(นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมม

- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม - มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม - มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม - มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม-มมมมมม - มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม - มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม - มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมม มมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน(นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Dissolved Oxygen) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Aerobic Process) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic Process) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนมมมมมมมมม (water pollution) มมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม “มมมมมมมม” มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน นนนน นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน นนนน

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมม 75% มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 25% มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน นนนน

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)1. นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน นนนน

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)2. นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมม มม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน นนนน

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)3. นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

นนนนนนนนนมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมมมม มมม

1) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม Eutrofication มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

นนนนนนนนน (นนน) 2) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมม- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม

- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมม มมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 3 มมมมมม

มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมม มมมมมมมม มม มมมมมมมมมมม

1) นนนนนนน (solids) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Evaporation) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 103–105 มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Total Suspended Solids) มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Total Dissolved Solids) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Settleable Solids) มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 1 มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Total Dissolved Solids: TDS) มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 103 – 105 มมมมมมมมมมมม- มมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Suspended Solids: SS) มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 103 – 105 มมมมมมมมมมมม- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Volatile Solids) มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 500 มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)2) นนนนน (odor) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Musty Odor) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (sulfate) มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม Organic Sulfides, Organic Amines , Phosphorus มมม Organic Acids มมมมมมมมมมมมม (reduce) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)3) นนนนนนนน (temperatures) มมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม

- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Aquatic Life) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม Menasveta มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 24 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 34-37.5 มมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Chemical

Reaction) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 25-35 มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 50 มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Nitrification) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 15 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Methane-Producing Bacteria) มมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม 20-30 มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 7.54-9.08 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)4) นน (color) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (condition) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Light Brownish-Gray Color) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Gray มมมม Dark Gray) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Septic) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Metallic Sulfides) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic Conditions) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)

(ม) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

(ม) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)5) นนนนนนนน (turbidity) มมมมมมมม มมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 100 มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (organics) มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม BOD, COD, มมม TOC มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (inorganic) มมมม มมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

1) นนนนนนนนนนน (organics) มมมมมมมมมมม (Organic Matter) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Dissolved Oxygen) มมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมม (40 – 60 %) มมมมมมมมมมมม (25 – 50 %) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (10 %)

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), ThOD (Theoretical Oxygen Demand) TOC (Total Organic Carbon) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม BOD มมม COD มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนน BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD)

มมม BOD มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม 20 มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมม มมม

มมมมมมม 1 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม

O2 + bacteria

Organic Compounds CO2 + H2O + NH4 + bacterial mass

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)มมมมมมม 2 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมม (NH3) มมมมมมมมมมมมมม (NO2- )

มมมมมมมมม (NO3- ) มมมมมมมมม มมมมมม

Autotrophic Bacteria มมมม Nitrifying Bacteria มมมมมมมม

Nitrite-forming bacteria

(a) NH3 + 3/2O2 HNO2 + H2O

Nitrate forming bacteria

(b) HNO2 + 1/2O2 HNO3 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH3 + 2O2 HNO3 + H2O

 

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)** มมม BOD มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม BOD มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมม

1.มมมมมมมม 20 1 มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 5 มมม

2.มมมมมมมมมมมมม3.มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 mg/L4.มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมม 1 mg/L5.มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)

มมมมมมมมมม BOD มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน BOD-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน BOD-มมมมมมมมมม

-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (Chemical oxygen demand, COD)

มมม COD มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม CnHaObNc + (n + a/4 – b/2 – 3/4c)O2 nCO2 + (a/2 – 3/2c) H2O + cNH3

มมม +

มมมมมมมม 150 c

Organic C + Chemical oxidizing agent CO2 + H2O + Reduced oxidizing agent

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน COD-มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมม 3 มมมมมมม-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม BOD มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม BOD

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน COD-มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)นนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (Alkalinity) มมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม OH-,CO32-

มมม HCO3- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม Ca (HCO3)2 มมม Mg (HCO3)2 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม pH มมม มมม pH มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 4.5 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 0 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม pH มมมมมมมมมมม ม มมม มมมมมมม 8.3 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 0 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมม มม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมม มมมมมมม

1) นนนนนนนนน มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมม มมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Autotrophic bacteria มมมม Autotrophy) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

- มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Heterotrophic bacteria มมมม Heterotrophy) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

2) นน (Fungi) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)3) นนนนนนน (Algae) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม

4) นนนนนนนน (Protozoa) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Colony) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

5) นนนนน (Virus) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมม มมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม  มมมมมมม  มมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 3 มมมมมมม

1.นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (physical process) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (physical process)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 50-65% มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (BOD5) มมมมมม 20-30% มมมมมมมม  มมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (screening) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (combination) มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม (skimming) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม (floating) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม (sedimentation) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)

2.นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (chemical process)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (precipitation) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม (Al2(SO4)) มมมมมมมมมม (FeCl3, FeSO4) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Ca(OH)2) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมม Activated มมม Silica มมมPolyelectrolytes มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (chemical oxidation) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (oxidizing agent) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมม Fe2+ มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม Fe3+ มมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

2Fe2++ CI2 ---> 2 Fe3+ + 2Cl-

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (chemical reduction) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (reducing agent) มมมม มมมมมมมมมม Cr6+ มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม Cr3+ มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม (FeSO4) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

FeSO4 + 2 CrO3 + 6 H2SO4 -----> 3 Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O

           มมมมมมมมม (neutralization) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม-มมมม (pH) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (pH = 7) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (pH < 7 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (pH > 7) มมมมมมมม pH มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม

นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (นนน)

3.นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (Biological Process)      มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (biological process) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม ม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (aerobic bacteria) มมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (anaerobic bacteria)

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4. นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน-นนนน (physical-chemical process)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม          4.1 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (carbon adsorption) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม          4.2 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

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นนนนนนนนนนนนนนน มมมมนนนนนนนนนนนน (Aeration) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Driving Force) มมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Interfacia Area) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

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1) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมม (Oxidation Ponds)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 0 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

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2) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Aerated Lagoon)มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Activated Sludge)มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

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มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Performance of Oxygen Transfer in Water) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม/มมมมมม-มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

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นนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนนน (anaerobic wastewater treatment) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (dissolved oxygen) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 4 มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมม 1 : มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (hydrolysis) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (enzyme) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

มมมมมมมมมม 2 : มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (acidogenesis) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 1 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (volatile fatty acid; VFA)

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ขขขขขขขขขข 3 : มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (acetogenesis) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (acetogenic bacteria) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม

ขขขขขขขขขข 4 : มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (methanogenesis) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 3 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (methanogenic bacteria) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมม มมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมม (hydrogenotrophic bacteria) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมม มมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (acetotrophic bacteria) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมม

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มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม 2 มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม มมม1) Suspended system มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic Pond) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic Digester) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic Contact) มมมมมมม2 ) fixed film syste m มมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic Filter) มมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมมม (Anaerobic Fluidized Bed) มมมมมมม

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