Plastic Pollution

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D R . M O H D H A F E Z B I NP U T E H

TITTLE:PLASTIC POLLUTION

TABLE OF CONTENTNo. Index Description Page1 List of Table 22 List of Picture 23 1.0 Introduction 3-44 2.0 Defining Problems 55 2.1 Soil Pollution 56 2.2 Air Pollution 67 2.3 Water Pollution 78 3.0 Proposed Innovation 79 3.1 Recycling 810 3.2 Biodegradable Plastic 911 4.0 Conclusion 1012 Reference 11

1 PLASTIC POLLUTION | NORHASNANI BINTI MANAF SX130668KAWS07

LIST OF TABLENo. Description Page1.0.1 Plastic of Group 1 & 2

LIST OF PICTURENo. Description Page2.1.1 Soil Pollution 42.2.1 Air Pollution 52.3.1 Caused Water Pollution 63.2.1 Biodegradable Container 8


1.0 INTRODUCTION

What is pollution? According to the Environmental Quality Act

1974 , any form of pollution is pollution that occurs either

directly or indirectly related to the properties of physics ,

chemistry and biology with the release , issue or placing the

waste until a negative impact on humans , plants and animals.

Environmental pollution can be defined as something natural

stain that can affect the earth's ecosystem. This

contamination from day to day growing and increasingly

alarming as more material is wasted intentionally or not made

by humans. The balance of nature is becoming increasingly

unstable due to various pollution occurs.

Plastic is one of the contributors to pollution. Plastics are

made of long polymer wherein each polymer constructed from

smaller units called monomers of different producing polymers

of different properties and characteristics. Plastic

classified according resin used in the manufacture and can be

classified in 7 groups such as:-

Group Description Example


1

Usually identified with PET, PETE or

Polyethylene Terephthalate. Commonly used

to make bottles and food containers. Not

suitable reused or stored for too long.

Chemical reactions are also easily occurs

if placed in outside weather conditions

at room temperature. Easily recognizable

because usually it will absorb the smell

and taste of a drink or food store

therein. This type of plastic can be

recycled and worth.

2

It uses material High - Density

Polyethylene or known as HDPE. HDPE is a

very safe product because it will not

give chemical reactions on the material

stored therein. Typically used for

containers for milk storage, lube oil,

shampoos and detergents. Most toys are

made of this material. It is also

suitable for recycling.Group Description Example

3

Plastic items from Polyvinyl Chloride or

PVC. PVC is used to make various types of

pipes and components of vehicles because

of its ruggedness. It is not suitable as

containers for food as toxic. It also can

be recycled.4 The main material is plastic Low- Density


Polyethylene or LDPE. It is most common

that we use all kinds of plastic bags as

well as a thin plastic wrapping, wrapping

and padding. All this is made of LDPE due

to its strong, elastic and flexible. It

can be recycled.

5

Plastic is very durable and resistant to

high temperatures. It is made of

Polypropylene or PP. It is usually made

Tupperware, bottle caps, cans and vehicle

components. It is the safest as

containers for food and beverages. Many

homes also external equipment using these

plastics. It can also be recycled.

6

Also known as the goods Polystyrene (PS)

or Styrofoam. Can be recycled, but very

difficult. It’s light and white but

fragile. Suitable for sound-absorbing

liner and yet most often used as a

disposable container for food. But it is

not suitable at temperatures hotter as

easily react and can lead to poisoning.

We recommend that you avoid using this

material with your food.7 It is classified to other types of

plastics that are not included in the

above classes. Polycarbonate material

usually is and polylactide. He included


in this category. Items usually were as

CD, digital goods component, the former

medication and baby bottles. It is hard

at recycling.

Table 1.0.1 Plastic of Group

2.0 DEFINING PROBLEMS

Dumping of plastic occurs and cause pollution in terms of

pollution of soil, water, and air. Soil contamination occurs

when increased use of plastic pollution in terms of pollution

of soil, water, and air.

2.1 Soil Pollution

Picture 2.1.1 Soil Pollution


Soil contamination occurs when the plastic is not

biodegradable which causes soil layers cannot be penetrated by

plant roots and water does not flow until the water

infiltration and minerals that can fertilize the land lost and

the number of microorganisms in the soil would be reduced as a

result cannot be a source of food. Contamination of land means

a substance which has resulted in a land or region changes

colour, fertility and erosion. Soil contamination occurs due

to waste either in liquid or solid form. Pollutants are

composed of organic pollutants, chemical or physical. If an

area or land has lost its fertility, the land will be turned

into a blackish colour while, the vegetation in the area will

also wither away.

2.2 Air Pollution


Picture 2.2.1 Air Pollution

Meanwhile, air pollution occurs when plastic is burned will

emit harmful pollutants such as smoke, toxic and corrosive

gases such as sulphur dioxide pollutants that cause acid rain

and the greenhouse effect. Air pollution can be defined as the

availability of gas, liquid or particles contained and

suspended in the atmosphere until the occurrence of a change

and affect the lives or other materials. The materials are

suspended in the atmosphere and have a negative impact on

humans, plants and animals and the environment. This caused

the gas and contaminants will enter the human body through

breathing and the ability to block the flow of oxygen into the

blood vessels. This can cause a variety of diseases such as

cancer, asthma, cramps and anaemia. In addition, materials

such as dusts, mists, vapours or materials that can prevent

eye sight are also an example of a form of air pollution.


2.3 Water Pollution

Picture 2.3.1 Caused From Water Pollution

In addition, the plastic is also one of the causes of water

pollution which can affect aquatic life. Water pollution is

the change that happens to water in terms of content or colour

and chemical properties caused by various pollutants in

various forms such as solid, liquid and gas. This can be

proved when there are marine animals such as turtles, fish and

other animals that die after eating the suspected food grade

plastic. Plastic materials consumed by aquatic life cannot be

digested, causing death. Furthermore, odour and insect

contamination effects of uncontrolled dumping of plastic will

cause health problems to humans.


3.0 PROPOSED INNOVATION

Government and NGOs have implemented various campaigns to

reduce the use of plastic. Recycling of waste materials such

as plastic is one of the ways that have been implemented since

2000 in Malaysia. Furthermore, innovation in terms of

production of new materials such as bioplastic result from

agricultural waste plastic materials are also increasingly

replacing adopted by the public. Not only that, even the

government has entered into SATURDAY as a day without plastic

bags. Plastic bags be replaced with the box or bring your own

bags (cloth, paper) from home. In addition, the government

recently there was shouting campaign to bring lunch from home

to save money. This method can reduce the use of plastic food

packaging because people will use a closed container that can

be replicated to like tupperware. Lastly, Avoid the use of

plastic materials is also one way to reduce pollution of

plastic materials. Although it is known, the use of plastic

low cost compared to using other materials, but must also be

considered in terms of safety and human health. The method

replaces the plastic material to material made of wood

(natural), for example, can reduce the use of plastic.

3.1 Recycling


Recycling is the process of treating waste materials to

produce new goods. Recycling reduces waste, reducing the use

of new raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air

pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from

landfill) and reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to the

production of new goods from raw materials. Recycling can be

done either by reselling unused plastic or using creativity to

create new objects. For example, a bottle of mineral water can

be used as vases, and others. Returns in terms of money

obtained when the plastic is sold to a collector of recyclable

materials. In addition, the practice of recycling waste can

cultivate values in the individual, such as planting thrifty,

responsible and loving environment. In addition, we can save

natural resources depleting for plastic materials, we can not

only save resources to make plastics but we also can avoid the

worst effects of the chemicals they produce. Recycling

activities can also open another employment opportunities to

people in a recycling plant. Indirectly, this activity can

also reduce the rate of unemployment among people.


3.2 Biodegradable Bioplastic

Picture 3.2.1 Biodegradable container

Bioplastic is a plastic made from sources of renewable

biomass, such as fat and vegetable oil, corn starch, pea

starch, tapioca starch or microbiota. Bioplastics are more

sustainable because it can decompose in the environment faster

than regular plastic, which can take more than 100 years.

Biodegradable bioplastics designed either anaerobic or aerobic

environments, depending on how it is produced. A rigid clear

thermoplastic polymer of styrene that can be moulded into

objects or made into foam that is used as thermal insulation.


Polystyrene plastic consumption as food wrappers were

introduced for years. But, unknown to that of polystyrene

materials will cause adverse effects when exposed to heat as

polystyrene will issue a toxic substance (styrene made of

carcinogens) that can cause cancer in humans. Chemicals from

polystyrene containers will absorb into the food and then the

human body. Thus, a nanocomposite material known as a result

of agricultural wastes and crop commodities such as kenaf,

rice husks and cassava were introduced. Nanocomposite barrier

characteristics, high strength and very good thermal stability

as packaging materials. Ability to parse this product gives a

new perspective that can save the environment from plastic

pollution.

4.0 CONCLUSION

Uncontrolled use of plastic will cause pollution to the

environment as well as causing damage to natural resources.

Governments need to improve the implementation of laws to

control pollution caused by humans. Civic awareness about the

causes and effects of the use of plastic should also be

applied to the inside of each individual. Therefore, the

prevention of the use of plastics can reduce environmental

pollution is increasingly deepening day. In sum, refusal the


use of plastic materials because these measures can solve many

pollution problems, helping a comfortable life for the

universal creature, maintain environmental quality, and thus

help the country reduce the area of the landfill. Widespread

use of plastic materials will affect the environment, health,

safety and human life if not addressed in a controlled manner.

The encouragement of the creation of new materials that can

replace plastic material that does not affect natural

ecosystems greatly needed. This not only can save the

environment, but it also can save dwindling natural resources

from time to time.


REFERENCE

1) sumber: Berita Harian, 18 Julai 2013. Hazween Hamdan, USM

lahir jurutera berjiwa lestari, ms. 14 – Graduan

2) http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?

y=1998&dt=1007&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Rencana&pg=ot_07.h

tm#ixzz3Ly570yCq

3) http://ceritatentangalam.blogspot.com/2010/0

4) http://fifapg9.blogspot.com/2011/01/pengganti-beg-

plastik.html


http://fifapg9.blogspot.com/2011/01/pengganti-beg-plastik.html

http://fifapg9.blogspot.com/2011/01/pengganti-beg-plastik.html

http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=1998&dt=1007&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Rencana&pg=ot_07.htm#ixzz3Ly570yCq



Plastic Pollution

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