Post on 20-Apr-2021
TUGAS AKHIR
SISTEM PEMBERSIH KANDANG AYAM OTOMATIS
BERBASIS IOT
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Komputer di Program Studi Informatika
Oleh :
Desandy Hadina Muhatadin
1461600112
PROGRAM STUDI INFORMATIKA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS 17 AGUSTUS 1945 SURABAYA
2020
v
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur hanya kepada Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala yang Maha Esa
lagi Maha Kuasa yang senantiasa melimpahkan Rahmat dan HidayahNya
sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “SISTEM
PEBERSIH KANDANG AYAM OTOMATIS BERBASIS IOT” sebagai salah
satu persyaratan untuk menyelesaikan studi di Universitas 17 Agustus 1945
Surabaya dan mendapatkan gelar Sarjana komputer, penulis menyadari bahwa
tanpa kuasa Allah dan support dari orang tua serta do’a dari beberapa kawan dari
masa perkuliahan sampai pada penyusunan tugas akhir ini, penulis akan kesulitan
untuk menyelesaikan penilisan Tugas Akhir ini dengan baik.
Selain itu penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih yang mendalam
kepada pihak-phak berikut:
1. Keluarga tercinta, Bapak dan Ibu penulis yang selalu mendoakan,
memotivasi, memperhatikan, dan melengkapkan segala keperluan hingga
terselesaikannya Tugas Akhir ini.
2. Bapak Ir. Agus Darwanto, MM. selaku dosen pembimbing, yang telah
memberikan petunjuk, pengarahan, semangat serta bimbingan dari awal
pembuatan sistem.
3. Bapak Dosen Wali yang telah membimbing dan mengarahkan saya selama
studi di Untag Surabaya ini.
4. Teman-teman keluarga besar UKMKI UNTAG Surabaya yang menjadi
motivasi penulis untuk menyegerakan penyelesaian Tugas Akhir ini.
5. Dek So’idul Kazzan yang turut membantu penulis untuk menyelesaikan
pembuatan purwarupa kandang dari proyek Tugas Akhir ini.
6. Teman-teman SETUJU yang selalu menyemangati dan menemani penulis
saat pengerjaan Tugas Akhir ini hingga selesai.
7. Teman-teman lainnya yang telah memberikan dukungan yang tidak bisa
disebutkan satu persatu.
Surabaya, 3 Maret 2020
Penulis
vii
ABSTRAK
Nama : Desandy Hadina Muhtadin
Program Studi : Informatika
Judul : Sistem Pembersih Kadang Ayam Otomatis Berbasis IoT
Menumpuknya kotoran ayam pada lantai kandang dalam jumlah besar
dapat menyebabkan naiknya kadar gas amonia yang mana akan membahayakan
kondisi ternak, peternak dan juga lingkungan sekitar. Oleh sebab itu
diperlukannya suatu monitoring tingkat pencemaran udara serta mekanisme
pembersihan yang efisien untuk mempertahankan kadar polusi udara dibawah
ambang batas yang mempermudah pekerjaan pembersihan kandang ayam para
peternak.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai solusi dalam memecahkan
permasalahan tersebut yang diimplementasikan pada purwarupa kandang dengan
ukuran tinggi 50 cm x 30 cm x 60 cm. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan
pemodelan sebuah sistem monitoring dan mekanisme otomatis yang terintegrasi
dengan internet Internet of Things (IoT).
Memanfaatkan Node MCU Lolin V3 sebagai mikrokontroler yang
terkoneksi dengan internet dan Bot Telegram. Bot Telegram akan menampilkan
notifikasi serta mengkonfirmasi eksekusi mekanisme pembersihan otomatis
apabila konsentrasi gas amonia melebihi ambang batas. Lalu sensor MQ-135
sebagai sensor pendeteksi konsentrasi gas amonia dalam satuan part per million
(ppm). Cara kerja mekanisme pembersihannya yakni swiper bergerak dari ujung
satu ke ujung lainya pada rel slider. Swiper pembersih ini terdiri dari motor dc 12
volt yang di kontrol mengguakan motor driver L298N untuk menggerakkan
timingbelt pada slider, juga water pump 12 volt yang terhubung ke relay untuk
menyalakan dan mematikan otomatis penyemprotan air ke lantai kandang.
Kata Kunci : Pembersih Kandang, Kandang Ayam, IoT, Gas Amonia,
Mikrokontroler, Node MCU, Lolin V3, MQ-135, Bot Telegram, Relay, Motor
Driver L298N, Timingbelt, Slider, Water Pump
ix
ABSTRACT
Name : Desandy Hadina Muhtadin
Department : Informatics
Title : The Automatic Chicken Coop Cleaning System Based On
IoT
Accumulation of chicken manures on the cage floor in large quantities
can cause an increase in ammonia gas levels which will endanger the condition of
livestock, breeders and the surrounding environment. Therefore we need a
monitoring level of air pollution and an efficient cleaning mechanism to maintain
levels of air pollution below threshold that facilitate a chicken coop cleaning of
breeders.
The purpose of this study is for as a solution for solving mentioned
problems which is implemented in a prototype enclosure with a heigh of 50 x 30
x 60 cm. To achieve these objectives, modeling a monitoring system and an
automatic mechanism integrated with the internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is
carried out.
The MCU Lolin V3 Node is utilized as a microcontroller connected to the
internet and Telegram Bot. The Telegram bot will display a notification and
confirm the execution of the automatic cleaning mechanism if the concentration
of ammonia gas exceeds the threshold. Then, the MQ-135 sensor as a detection
sensor the concentration of ammonia gas in units of parts per million (ppm). The
operation of cleaning mechanism is the swiper moves from one end to the other
on the slider rail. The cleaning swiper consists of a 12 volt dc motor that is
controlled using an L298N motor driver to drive the timing belt on the slider, as
well as a 12 volt water pump connected to a relay to turn on and turn off automatic
spraying of water to the cage floor.
Keywords : Coop Cleaner, Chicken Coop, IoT, Ammonia Gas, Microcontroller,
Node MCU, Lolin V3, MQ-135, Telegram Bot, Relay, Motor Driver L298N,
Timingbelt, Slider, Water Pump
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING ....................................... i
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN DAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TUGAS
AKHIR ............................................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... v
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xxi
BAB 1.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 1
1.3 Batasan Masalah ....................................................................................... 1
1.4 Maksud dan Tujuan .................................................................................. 2
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 3
BAB 2.................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Amonia .......................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 IoT ................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Dasar Teori ............................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................................................... 6
2.3 Komponen Alat ........................................................................................ 8
2.3.1 Power DC 12 Volt ......................................................................... 8
2.3.2 Stepdown LM2596 ........................................................................ 9
2.3.3 Node MCU .................................................................................. 10
2.3.4 Sensor MQ-135 ........................................................................... 11
2.3.5 Kabel Jumper............................................................................... 13
2.3.6 Project Board ............................................................................... 14
2.3.7 Papan PCB................................................................................... 14
2.3.8 Relay 2 Channel .......................................................................... 15
2.3.9 Motor Driver L298N ................................................................... 16
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2.3.10 Dinamo DC 12 Volt .................................................................... 17
2.3.11 Water Pump 12 Volt .................................................................... 18
2.3.12 Selang Mini 3mm ........................................................................ 19
2.3.13 Bot Telegram ............................................................................... 20
2.4 Komponen Pendukung ........................................................................... 21
2.4.1 Arduino IDE ................................................................................ 21
2.4.2 Visual Studio Code ...................................................................... 21
2.4.3 Platform IO .................................................................................. 22
BAB 3.................................................................................................................. 23
3.1 Perancangan Alat .................................................................................... 25
3.1.1 Spesifikasi Alat ........................................................................... 25
3.1.2 Skematik Perancangan Alat......................................................... 27
3.1.3 Desain Rancangan Alat ............................................................... 27
3.1.4 Skematik Rangkaian .................................................................... 29
3.2 Perancangan User Interface Sistem ........................................................ 32
3.2.1 Perancangan UI Web ................................................................... 32
3.3 Penyimpanan Data .................................................................................. 35
3.3.1 Struktur Database ........................................................................ 35
3.3.2 User Interface Bot Telegram ....................................................... 36
3.4 Deskripsi Sistem (jelaskan penggunaan sistem) ..................................... 36
3.4.1 Flowchart Sistem ......................................................................... 37
3.4.2 Flowchart Hardware .................................................................... 39
3.4.3 Flowchart Software ..................................................................... 40
BAB 4.................................................................................................................. 41
4.1 Kalibrasi Sensor MQ-135 ....................................................................... 41
4.1.1 Preheat ......................................................................................... 41
4.1.2 Menentukan Nilai Kadar Amonia dalam Satuan PPM ................ 42
4.1.3 Mendapatkan Rumus Perhitungan Konsentrasi Gas dalam Satuan
part per million (PPM) ........................................................................... 43
4.1.4 Mencari Ro Pada Udara Bersih ................................................... 44
4.1.5 Memasukkan Semua Nilai ke Rumus untuk Mencari PPM ........ 46
xiii
4.2 Pengujian Sensor MQ-135 ..................................................................... 48
4.3 Kalibrasi Motor Penggerak Swiper ........................................................ 49
4.4 Pengujian Motor Penggerak Swiper ....................................................... 51
4.5 Perakitan Semua Komponen Pada Purwarupa Kandang ........................ 51
4.5.1 Purwarupa Kandang .................................................................... 52
4.5.2 Tangki Air ................................................................................... 55
4.5.3 Mikrokontroler dan Semua Module ............................................ 56
4.5.4 Slider Swiper ............................................................................... 57
4.6 Pengujian Sistem Monitoring dan Pembersihan ..................................... 60
4.6.1 Test Koneksi ke Telegram ........................................................... 60
4.6.2 Test Notifikasi Peringatan ........................................................... 62
4.7 Pembuatan UI Web, Database Penyimpanan Data dan Bot Telegram ... 65
4.7.1 Pembuatan UI Web Sesuai Mockup ............................................ 65
4.7.2 Create Database untuk Penyimpanan Data.................................. 67
4.7.3 Create Bot Telegram ................................................................... 67
4.8 Cara Kerja Mekanisme Alat ................................................................... 70
4.8.1 Pembacaan Sensor ....................................................................... 70
4.8.2 Notifikasi dan Konfirmasi pada Bot Telegram ........................... 70
4.8.3 Mekanisme Penggerak Swiper Pembersih Otomatis ................... 71
4.9 Ujicoba Alat ........................................................................................... 73
4.9.1 Pengujian Notifikasi Bot Telegram ............................................. 74
4.9.2 Pengujian Konfirmasi Eksekusi Pembersihan Otomatis ............. 81
4.9.3 Pengujian Tampilan Data Pada Web dan Penyimpanan Data ..... 86
4.9.4 Pengujian Durasi Pembersihan Otomatis .................................... 89
BAB 5.................................................................................................................. 93
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 93
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 94
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 97
LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... 101
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Kadar NH3 (ppm) .............................................................................. 5
Gambar 2.2 Power DC 12 Volt ............................................................................. 9
Gambar 2.3 Stepdown LM2596 ............................................................................ 9
Gambar 2.4 Skematik Stepdown LM2596 .......................................................... 10
Gambar 2.5 Node MCU Lolin V3 ....................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.6 Skematik Node MCU Lolin V3 ....................................................... 11
Gambar 2.7 Sensor MQ-135 ............................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.8 Skematik Sensor MQ-135 ............................................................... 13
Gambar 2.9 Kabel Jumper ................................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.10 Project Board ................................................................................. 14
Gambar 2.11 Papan PCB Polos ........................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.12 Relay 2 Channel ............................................................................ 15
Gambar 2.13 Skematik Relay 2 Channel ............................................................ 16
Gambar 2.14 Motor Driver L298N ..................................................................... 17
Gambar 2.15 Blokdiagram Motor Driver L298 .................................................. 17
Gambar 2.16 Dinamo 12 Volt ............................................................................. 18
Gambar 2.17 Water Pump 12 Volt ...................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.18 Selang mini 3mm........................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.19 Bot Telegram ................................................................................. 20
Gambar 2.20 Bot Telegram ................................................................................. 20
Gambar 2.21 Arduino IDE .................................................................................. 21
Gambar 2.22 Visual Studio Code IDE ................................................................ 22
Gambar 2.23 Platform IO IDE ............................................................................ 22
Gambar 3.1 Flowchart Metode Penelitian ........................................................... 24
Gambar 3.2 Blokdiagram Alat ............................................................................ 25
Gambar 3.3 Skematik Perancangan Alat ............................................................. 27
Gambar 3.4 Desain Purwarupa Kandang 1 ......................................................... 28
Gambar 3.5 Desain Purwarupa Kandang 2 ......................................................... 28
Gambar 3.6 Desain Purwarupa Kandang 3 ......................................................... 29
xvi
Gambar 3.7 Desain Purwarupa Kandang 4 ......................................................... 29
Gambar 3.8 Skematik Stepdown ......................................................................... 30
Gambar 3.9 Skematik Sensor MQ-135 ............................................................... 30
Gambar 3.10 Skematik Rangkaian Driver Motor ............................................... 31
Gambar 3.11 Relay dan Waterpump 12 Volt ...................................................... 32
Gambar 3.12 Mockup UI Web Data Amonia Melebihi Ambang Bata ............... 33
Gambar 3.13 Mockup UI Web Logging Data Pembersihan Terakhir................. 34
Gambar 3.14 Struktur Database Amonitor .......................................................... 35
Gambar 3.15 Struktur Database datasensor ........................................................ 35
Gambar 3.16 Struktur Database dataswiper ........................................................ 35
Gambar 3.17 Flowchart Sistem ........................................................................... 38
Gambar 3.18 Flowchart Hardware ...................................................................... 39
Gambar 3.19 Flowchart Software ....................................................................... 40
Gambar 4.1 Proses Preheating ............................................................................ 41
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Karakteristik Sensitivitas Sensor MQ-135 .......................... 42
Gambar 4.3 Penentuan Titik Perpotongan Grafik NH4 ...................................... 42
Gambar 4.4 RL Sensor MQ-135 ......................................................................... 44
Gambar 4.5 Rangkaian NodeMCU dan Sensor MQ-135 .................................... 44
Gambar 4.6 Mencari Nilai Ro ............................................................................. 45
Gambar 4.7 Serial Monitor Ro ............................................................................ 45
Gambar 4.8 Memasukkan Semua Nilai Ke Rumus ............................................. 47
Gambar 4.9 Serial Monitor Nilai PPM ................................................................ 47
Gambar 4.10 Pengujian Sensor Ke 1 .................................................................. 48
Gambar 4.11 Pengujian Sensor Ke 2 .................................................................. 48
Gambar 4.12 Pengujian Sensor Ke 3 .................................................................. 49
Gambar 4.13 Code Kalibrasi Swiper ................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.14 Code Kalibrasi Swiper ................................................................... 50
Gambar 4.15 Code Kalibrasi Swiper ................................................................... 50
Gambar 4.16 Kalibrasi Motor Swiper ................................................................. 50
Gambar 4.17 Beberapa Material Awal ................................................................ 52
xvii
Gambar 4.18 Purwarupa Kandang Awal ............................................................. 53
Gambar 4.19 Purwarupa Kandang ¼ Jadi ........................................................... 53
Gambar 4.20 Purwarupa Kandang ½ Jadi ........................................................... 54
Gambar 4.21 Purwarupa Kandang ½ Jadi ........................................................... 54
Gambar 4.22 Purwarupa Kandang Jadi ............................................................... 54
Gambar 4.23 Purwarupa Kandang Jadi ............................................................... 55
Gambar 4.24 Tangki Air ..................................................................................... 55
Gambar 4.25 Tangki Air ..................................................................................... 56
Gambar 4.26 Housing Kontroler ......................................................................... 57
Gambar 4.27 Housing Kontroler ......................................................................... 57
Gambar 4.28 Selang Penyemprot ........................................................................ 58
Gambar 4.29 Penyangga Rel Slider .................................................................... 58
Gambar 4.30 Roler Timingbelt ........................................................................... 59
Gambar 4.31 Pengaplikasian Selang Penyemprot ............................................... 59
Gambar 4.32 Pengaplikasian Selang Penyemprot ............................................... 59
Gambar 4.33 Slider Swiper Jadi .......................................................................... 59
Gambar 4.34 Code Test Koneksi Ke Telegram .................................................. 60
Gambar 4.35 Code Test Koneksi Ke Telegram .................................................. 61
Gambar 4.36 Serial Monitor Test Koneksi Sukses ............................................. 61
Gambar 4.37 Test Notifikasi Koneksi Telegram Sukses .................................... 61
Gambar 4.38 Code Program Test Notifikasi Peringatan ..................................... 62
Gambar 4.39 Code Program Test Notifikasi Peringatan ..................................... 63
Gambar 4.40 Code Program Test Notifikasi Peringatan ..................................... 63
Gambar 4.41 Code Program Test Notifikasi Peringatan ..................................... 63
Gambar 4.42 Serial Monitor Test Notifikasi Peringatan ..................................... 64
Gambar 4.43 Serial Monitor Test Notifikasi Peringatan ..................................... 64
Gambar 4.44 Notifikasi Chat Test Notifikasi Peringatan .................................... 65
Gambar 4.45 UI Web index.php ......................................................................... 66
Gambar 4.46 UI Web logpembersihan.php ......................................................... 66
Gambar 4.47 Database datasensor ...................................................................... 67
xviii
Gambar 4.48 Database dataswiper ...................................................................... 67
Gambar 4.49 Request Bot Api Token ................................................................. 68
Gambar 4.50 Room Chat Request Bot Api Token .............................................. 68
Gambar 4.51 Request Chat ID ............................................................................ 69
Gambar 4.52 Room Chat Request Chat ID ......................................................... 69
Gambar 4.53 Kontroler dan Waterpump ............................................................. 71
Gambar 4.54 Motor Penggerak ........................................................................... 71
Gambar 4.55 Timingbelt ..................................................................................... 72
Gambar 4.56 Swiper Pembersih .......................................................................... 72
Gambar 4.57 Ujung Kandang.............................................................................. 73
Gambar 4.58 Bagian Bawah Swiper ................................................................... 73
Gambar 4.59 Pengujian Notifikasi Bot Telegram ............................................... 74
Gambar 4.60 Pengujian Konfirmasi Eksekusi Pembersihan Otomatis ............... 81
Gambar 4.61 Serial Monitor Pengujian Konfirmasi Eksekusi Pembersihan
Otomatis .............................................................................................................. 82
Gambar 4.62 Simpan Data Ke DB datasensor .................................................... 86
Gambar 4.63 Simpan Data Ke DB dataswiper PPM Awal ................................. 86
Gambar 4.64 Simpan Data Ke DB dataswiper PPM Akhir ................................ 87
Gambar 4.65 Tampilan Web Data Amonia Melebihi Ambang Batas ................. 89
Gambar 4.66 Tampilan Web Data Logging Pembersihan .................................. 91
xix
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Spesifikasi Power DC 12 Volt .............................................................. 9
Tabel 2.2 Spesifikasi Stepdown LM2596 ............................................................. 9
Tabel 2.3 Spesifikasi Stepdown .......................................................................... 11
Tabel 2.4 Spesifikasi Sensor MQ-135 ................................................................. 12
Tabel 2.5 Spesifikasi Relay 2 Channel ................................................................ 15
Tabel 2.6 Spesifikasi Relay 2 Channel ................................................................ 17
Tabel 2.7 Spesifikasi Dinamo DC 12 Volt .......................................................... 18
Tabel 2.8 Spesifikasi Water Pump 12 Volt ......................................................... 19
Tabel 2.9 Spesifikasi Water Pump 12 Volt ......................................................... 19
Tabel 3.1 Pinout Stepdown ................................................................................. 30
Tabel 3.2 Pinout Sensor MQ-135 ........................................................................ 31
Tabel 3.3 Pinout Rangkaian Driver Motor .......................................................... 31
Tabel 3.4 Pin Out Relay dan Waterpump 12 Volt .............................................. 32
Tabel 4.1 Tabel Nilai Kalibrasi ........................................................................... 46
Tabel 4.2 Tabel Memasukkan Nilai Ke Rumus .................................................. 46
Tabel 4.3 Material Bahan Purwarupa Kandang .................................................. 52
Tabel 4.4 Material Bahan Tangki Air ................................................................. 55
Tabel 4.5 Material Bahan Housing Kontroler ..................................................... 56
Tabel 4.6 Material Bahan Slider Swiper ............................................................. 57
Tabel 4.7 Pengujian Notifikasi Bot Telegram ..................................................... 74
Tabel 4.8 Pengujian Konfirmasi Eksekusi Pembersihan Otomatis ..................... 82
Tabel 4.9 Pengujian Penyimpanan Data Ke DB datasensor................................ 87
Tabel 4.10 Pengujian Durasi Pembersihan Otomatis .......................................... 89
xxi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Source Code ......................................................................... 101