Post on 08-Jul-2019
i
IMPLEMENTASI ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW DALAM
ASPEK PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI CHINA
SKRIPSI
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
SHERLY AYU NINGTYAS
201410360311167
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
viii
KATA PENGANTAR
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahhi wa barakatuh.
Pada dasarnya, China merupakan negara yang menarik untuk dikaji.
Mengingat opini yang berkembang dalam masyarakat global terkait cepatnya
pertumbuhan ekonomi dan padatnya tingkat penduduk, serta penyumbang akan
penyebab munculnya isu lingkungan di dunia. Untuk itu karya ini dirasa sangat
perlu untuk ditinjau dan dibaca agar pembaca mengetahui bahwa China tidak lagi
mengadaikan kepentingan lingkungan demi kepentingan ekonominya. China telah
melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mengatasi kerusakan lingkungan di dalam
negaranya, baik secara hukum maupun kebijakan.
Dengan terselesaikannya skripsi ini penulis sepantasnya memanjatkan puji
syukur atas kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat, nikmat
kesehatan serta izin-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan karya skripsi
dengan judul Implementasi Environmental Protection Law Dalam Aspek
Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Di China. Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah
untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik
(S.IP) Strata-1, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Serta diharapkan dapat
bermanfaat dengan memberikan bantuan intelektual kepada peneliti maupun
pembaca. Namun penulis menyadari dalam proses pengerjaan skripsi ini masih
banyak terdapat kekurangan, serta sangat jauh dari kata sempurna. Oleh karena itu
dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik dan masukan
yang membangun agar skripsi ini menjadi lebih baik lagi.
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahhi wa barakatuh.
Malang, 27 Juni 2018
Sherly Ayu Ningtyas
xi
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN UJIAN SKRIPSI ................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. iii
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ....................................................... iv
SURAT PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .........................................................v
ABSTRAKSI......................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ viii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .............................................................................. ix
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR GRAFIK ..............................................................................................xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................1
1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 6
1.3. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................. 6
1.3.1. Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................. 6
1.3.2. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................ 6
1.4. Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................. 7
1.5. Landasan Teori ....................................................................................... 22
1.5.1. Konsep Pembangunan Berkelanjutan ............................................. 22
1.5.2. Konsep Implementasi Kebijakan Publik ......................................... 26
1.6. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 30
1.6.1. Jenis Penelitian ................................................................................ 30
1.6.2. Metode Analisis .............................................................................. 31
1.6.3. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ............................................................... 31
1.6.4. Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data ............................................... 32
1.7. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 32
BAB II ISU LINGKUNGAN DAN MUNCULNYA ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION LAW DI CHINA .........................................................................34
xii
2.1. China Sebagai Penyumbang Polutan Dunia ........................................... 34
2.2. Permasalahan Lingkungan China ........................................................... 42
2.3. Keikutsertaan China Dalam Forum-Forum Lingkungan Internasional .. 46
2.3.1 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment ................................................................................................... 46
2.3.2 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ......... 47
2.3.3 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ..... 49
2.3.4 World Summit on Sustainable Developmen .................................... 51
2.3.5 Earth Summit 2012 .......................................................................... 51
2.4. Terbentuknya Environmental Protection Law of The Peoples Republic of China 53
BAB III IMPLEMENTASI ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW
MELALUI PROGRAM LINGKUNGAN DALAM ASPEK POLUSI,
TANAH DAN AIR ...............................................................................................66
3.1. Soil Ten Plan .......................................................................................... 67
3.2. Water Ten Plan ....................................................................................... 74
3.3. Action Plan Air Pollution ....................................................................... 90
BAB IV IMPLEMENTASI ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW
DALAM ASPEK ENERGI TERBARUKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI RAMAH
LINGKUNGAN ..................................................................................................101
3.1. Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan ...................................................... 101
3.2. Pengembangan Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan.................................... 123
BAB V KESIMPULAN .....................................................................................133
4.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 133
4.2. Saran ..................................................................................................... 134
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................136
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1. Posisi Penelitian
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Pola Pembuatan Kebijakan Lingkungan China
Gambar. 3.1. Polluted Soils in China 2015
Gambar 3.2. Pipa Pembuangan Air Limbah ke Sungai
Gambar 3. 3. Polusi Menyelimuti Beijing Pada Juni 2013
Gambar 4.1. Proyek PLTA Baihetan
Gambar 4. 2. China General Nuclear Power Corporation Wind Power Project
Gambar 4. 2. Panda Solar Station
Gambar 4. 3. Solar Road
Gambar 4. 4. Mobil Energi Terbarukan di Beijing
Gambar 4.5. Mobil Energi Terbarukan di Taiyun
Gambar 4.6. Trem di Qingdao
xv
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 2.1. Pertumbuhan Gross Domestic Product (GDP) China
Grafik 2.2. Pertumbuhan Ukuran Populasi China Dan Produk Domestik Bruto
Grafik 2.3. 2014 Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion and Some Industrial Processes
Grafik 2.4. Top 10 Countries with the Largers Emitters
Grafik 3.1. Kandungan Polutan Tanah di Provinsi China pada Mei 2016-Mei 2017
Grafik 3.2. Ground Water Quality Deterioration 2011-2015
Grafik 3.3. Overall Water Quality of China‟s Rivers 2011-2015
Grafik 3.4. Water Quality of China‟s Rivers 2011-2015
Grafik 3.5. 2012-2016 Groundwater Quality
Grafik 3.6. Overall Surface and Groundwater Quality of China‟s Rivers
Grafik 3.7. Water Quality of China‟s Rivers 2015-2016
Grafik 3.8. Konsentrasi PM10 ug/m3 2013-2017
Grafik 3. 9. Konsentrasi PM2.5 ug/m3 2013-2017
Grafik 3. 10. Konsentrasi NO2 ug/m3 2013-2017
Grafik 3. 11. Konsentrasi SO2 ug/m32013-2017
Grafik 3. 12. Konsentrasi O3 ug/m3 2013-2017
Grafik 4.1. China‟s Primary Energy Consumption from 1990 to 2015
Grafik 4.2. China‟s Primary Energy Consumption by Sectors 2013
Grafik 4. 3 Renewable Capacity Growth by Country
Grafik 4. 4. Hydro Capacity Growth 2017-2022
Grafik 4.5. The Chinese Auto Industry
136
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Buku
Horas T. S, Nommy. 2004. Hukum Lingkungan Dan Ekologi Pembangunan (Edisi 2). Jakarta: Erlangga.
J. Aziz, Iwan & Lidya M. Napitupulu. 2010. Pembangunan Berkelanjutan: Peran Dan Kontribusi Emil Salim. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Popular Gramedia.
Nazir, Moh. 2014. Metode Penelitian Sosial. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia. Nugroho, Riant. 2013. Metode Penelitian Kebijakan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. R. Brown, Lester (dkk). 1993. Masa Depan Bumi. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor
Indonesia. S. Abdullah, Oekan . 2017. Ekologi Manusia dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan,
Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Soeriaatmadja, R. E. 1999. Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Yang Berwawasan
Lingkungan. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional 1999/2000.
Sugandhy, Aca & Rustam Hakim. 2007. Prinsip Dasar Kebijakan Pembangunan
Berkelanjutan Berwawasan Lingkungan, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Taufiqurokhman. 2014. Kebijakan Publik: Pendelegasian Tanggungjawab
Negara Kepada Presiden Selaku Penyelenggara Pemerintahan. Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Moestopo Beragama (Pers). Diakses dalam https://moestopo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Kebijakan-Publik-Oleh-Dr.-Taufiqurokhman.-M.Si_.pdf (27/12/2017, 20.15 WIB).
E-Jurnal, Skripsi, Tesis
Akib, Haedar. Implementasi Kebijakan: Apa, Mengapa, dan Bagaimana. Jurnal Administrasi Publik. Volume 1 No. 1 Thn. 2010. Diakses dalam http://ojs.unm.ac.id/index.php/iap/article/viewFile/289/6 (27/01/2018, 14.17 WIB).
Aziz Humaizi, Abdul. 2013. Implementasi Kebijakan Publik Studi Tentang
Kegiatan Pusat Informasi Pada Dinas Komunikasi Dan Informatika Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Vol 3, No. 1, Juni 2013. Diakses dalam http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/adminpublik/article/view/191 (17/01/2018, 22.34 WIB).
137
Canfa, Wang. 2007. Chinese Environmental Law Enforcement: Current Deficiencies And Suggested Reforms, Vermont Journal Of Environmental Law. Vol. 8 Issue 2. Diakses dalam http://vjel.vermontlaw.edu/files/2013/07/Volume-8-Issue-2.pdf (28/11/2017, 20.45 WIB).
E. Swanson, Kate & Richard G. Kuhn (dkk). 2001. Environmental Policy
Implementation in Rural China: A Case Study of Yuhang, Zhejiang. Environmental Management Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 481–491. Verlag New York Inc. Diakses dalam http://kateswanson.ca/files/yuhang.pdf (28/11/2017, 22.50 WIB).
Grumbine, R Edward. Assessing environmental security in China. Frontiers in
Ecology and the Environment. Vol. 12, No. 7 (September 2014), pp.403-411. Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Ecological Society of America. Diakses dalam http://www.jstor.org/stable/43187837 (26-01-2018, 09:55 WIB).
Hidayat Chusnul Chotimah, Analisis Strategi Keamanan Energi China Dalam
Upaya Penurunan Emisi Karbon Melalui Pendekatan Konstruktivisme, Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 19 No. 1. Diakses dalam http://global.ir.fisip.ui.ac.id/index.php/global/article/download/145/174 (25/04/2018 ,13.15 WIB).
Huang, Ganlin. New Environmental Law Released In China. Frontiers in Ecology
and the Environment. Vol. 12, No. 5 (June 2014), p. 262. Wiley on Behalf of the Ecological Society of America. Diakses dalam http://www.jstor.org/stable/43187785 (26/01/2018, 09:50 WIB).
Li, Xiaofan. Environmental Concerns In China: Problems, Policies, And Global
Implications. International Social Science Review. Vol. 81, No. 1/2 (2006), pp. 43-57. Diakses dalam http://www.jstor.org/stable/41887258 (26-01-2018 , 09:50 WIB).
Liu, Jianguo & Peter H. Raven. China‟s Environmental Challenges and
Implications for the World. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. Volume 40, 2010, p: 823-851. Diakses dalam https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.502645 (25/04/2018, 15.22 WIB).
Misroji. 2014. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi
Kebijakan Penyebaran Informasi Publik Mengenai Depok Cyber City Pada Diskominfo Kota Depok. Tesis. Jakarta: Universitas Esa Unggul. Diakses dalam http://digilib.esaunggul.ac.id/public/UEU-Master-4431-TESIS%20JADI%202012-02-010.pdf (26/01/2018, 22.20 WIB).
138
Rahadian, A.H. Strategi Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Volume III, No. 01, Februari 2016 p: 47-56. Diakses dalam http://www.stiami.ac.id/jurnal/download/140/strategi-pembangunan-berkelanjutan (15/01/2018, 22.34 WIB).
S. Rakasiwi, Diva. 2015. Faktor-Faktor yang Menghambat Implementasi
Kebijakan Perlindungan Lingkungan di China. Jurnal Analisis Hubungan Internasional. Vol. 4. No. 1, page: 1509 – 1525. Diakses dalam http://journal.unair.ac.id/downloadfull/JAHI8818-d2c216ccc2fullabstract.pdf (28/11/2017, 20.10 WIB).
Sitaraman, Srini. 2006. Regulating the Environment: Assessing China's Domestic
Environmental Law and Participation in International Treaties. China Review, Vol. 6, No. 1. Special Issue on: Science and Technology Developmentin China, pp. 183-196. Chinese University Press. Diakses dalam http://www.jstor.org/stable/23462013 (26/01/2018, 09.50 WIB).
Tita Ruslin, Ismah. Lingkungan Hidup Dan Liberalisasi Perdagangan Global:
Mendamaikan Yang „Tidak‟ Dapat Damai. Jurnal Politik Profetik Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2014. Diakses dalam http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php?article=445534&val=9389&title=LINGKUNGAN%20HIDUP%20dan%20LIBERALISASI%20PERDAGANGAN%20GLOBAL%20mendamaikan%20yang%20%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%CB%9Ctidak%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2%20dapat%20damai%20(Suatu%20Analisis%20Politik%20Internasional) (23/05/2018, 18.11 WIB).
Tong, Yanqi. 2007. Bureaucracy Meets the Environment: Elite Perceptions in Six
Chinese Cities, The China Quarterly, No. 189), pp. 100-121. Cambridge University Press. Diakses dalam http://www.jstor.org/stable/20192738, (26/01/2018, 10.04 WIB).
Wang, Li & Fengying Zhang (dkk). 2018. Taking Action on Air Pollution Control
in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Region: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Diakses dalam, diakses dalam https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4744048/ (22/04/2018, 06.20 WIB).
Xie, Lei. Environmental Justice in China‟s Urban Decision-Making, Vol. 3,
March 2011, pp. 160-179. London School of Economics. Diakses dalam http://www.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/units/TaiwanProgramme/Journal/JournalContents/TCP3Xie.pdf (18/04/2018, 08.53 WIB).
Xu, Yongfeng & Yi Wu. The Current Status of Heavy Metal In Lake Sediments
From China: Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment. Journal of
139
Ecology and Evolution: 2017, p: 5454–5466. Diakses dalam https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5528247/pdf/ECE3-7-5454.pdf (22/05/2018, 12.20 WIB).
Yikai, Zhang. 2009. Towards Sustainable Development: Chinese Environmental
Law Enforcement Mechanism Research. Tesis. Canada: University of Toronto. Department of Law. Diakses dalam https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/19011/6/Zhang_Yikai_200911_LLM_thesis.pdf (28/11/2017, 22.38 WIB).
Zhang, Lei & Guizhen He (dkk). 2013. Power politics in the revision of China's
Environmental Protection Law. Environmental Politics, Vol. 22, No. 6, p: 1029–1035. Diakses dalam https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.843866 (26/01/2018, 10.22 WIB).
Zhang, Lei & Lijin Zhong. Integrating and Prioritizing Environmental Risks in
China's Risk Management Discourse. Journal of Contemporary China, p: 119-136. Diakses dalam https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560903335835 26-01-2018 09:55 (25/04/2018, 16.02 WIB).
Berita, Artikel, Laporan
17 Goal Dokumen PBB Tentang Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Edisi 22 September 2017. Diakses dalam https://nasional.tempo.co/read/702118/17-goal-dokumen-pbb-tentang-tujuan-pembangunan-berkelanjutan (15/01/2018, 23.00 WIB).
Andersson, Lina. China‟s Environmental Policy Process: A Case Study of The Challenges of Creating And Implementing Air Pollution Policies In China. Diakses dalam http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1326014&fileOId=1326015 (17/04/2017, 21.09 WIB).
Austrade (Australian Trade Commission). 2015. Ten Measures On Water – China‟s Major Environment Campaign Opens Opportunities For Australia Industry. Diakses dalam https://www.austrade.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/6585/Ten%20Measures%20on%20Water%20%E2%80%93%20Chinas%20major%20environment%20campaign.pdf.aspx. (21/05/2018, 14.43 WIB).
Bao, Yunxin. World‟s First Solar-Powered Highway To Open In Jinan. Edisi 14 December 2017. People's Daily Online. Diakses dalam http://en.people.cn/n3/2017/1214/c90000-9304543.html (03/06/2018, 23.40 WIB).
140
Baragona, Steve. Seperempat Polusi Udara China Akibat Kegiatan Produksi Barang Ekspor. Edisi 24 Januari 2014. VOA Indonesia. Diakses dalam https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/seperempat-polusi-china-akibat-kegiatan-produksi-ekspor/1836459.html (6/06/2018, 14.35 WIB).
BBC. Jutaan Hektar Lahan Di China Terkontaminasi. Edisi 30 Desember 2013. Diakses dalam http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah/2013/12/131230_majalah_Chinalahan (25/04/2018 ,12.16 WIB).
Berkabut Parah, China Pasang `Matahari` Digital. Edisi 17 Jan 2014. Diakses dalam http://global.liputan6.com/read/802386/berkabut-parah-china-pasang-matahari-digital (29/11/2017, 09.43 WIB).
Borenstein, Seth. Study: Air Pollution is Kkilling 4,000 Per Day in China. Edisi 14 Agustus 2015. Diakses dalam http://www.businessinsider.com/study-air-pollution-is-killing-4000-per-day-in-china-2015-8/?IR=T (23/05/2018, 21.00 WIB).
Burck, Jan & Franziska Marten (dkk). Result 2017. Diakses dalam http://germanwatch.org/de/download/16482.pdf (25/12/2017, 21.38 WIB).
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The 13th Five-Year Plan For Economic And Social Development Of The People‟s Republic Of China (2016–2020). Diakses dalam http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policyrelease/201612/P020161207645766966662.pdf (06/06/2018, 14.50 WIB).
China akan Prioritaskan Kualitas Hidup dan Lingkungan Hidup. Edisi 11/04/2013. Diakses dalam https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/china-akan-prioritaskan-kualitas-hidup-dan-lingkungan-hidup/1638987.html (29/04/2018, 20.12 WIB).
China Begins Enforcing Newly Amended Environmental Protection Law. Jones Day Publications. Diakses dalam http://www.jonesday.com/china-begins-enforcing-newly-amended-environmental-protection-law-01-21-2016/ (29/11/2017, 09.43 WIB).
China Chamber of Commerce and Industry. 2017. Business Opportunities and Challenges in The Textile and Apparel Market in China. Diakses dalam http://ccilc.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/eu_sme_centre_report_tamarket_in_china_2017.pdf (02/07/2018, 23.35 WIB).
141
China Daily. Construction Of World's Second Largest Hydropower Station Begins. Diakses dalam http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-08/04/content_30347190.htm (02/06/2018, 12.47 WIB).
China Energy Group. Textile Industry. Diakses dalam https://china.lbl.gov/research-projects/textile-industry (30/06/2018, 22.45 WIB).
China Energy Storage Alliance. 2016. China Announces Renewables Quota, But Is It Enough?. Diakses dalam http://en.cnesa.org/featured-stories/2016/3/8/china-renewables-quota (29/05/2018, 21.05 WIB).
China International Water And Electric Corp. 2018. Baihetan Hydropower Project. Diakses dalam http://english.cwe.cn/show.aspx?id=1828&cid=43 (03/06/2018, 21.27 WIB).
China National Renewable Energy Centre. China Renewable Energy Outlook 2016. Diakses dalam http://www.ea-energianalyse.dk/reports/1473_REO2016.pdf (30/05/2018, 22.41 WIB).
China Steel Corporation. Research Fields and Directions. Diakses dalam http://www.csc.com.tw/csc_e/ts/redi/redi.html# (02/07/2018, 00.42 WIB).
China Water Risk. 2011. The Environmental Cost of Clothes. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/the-environmental-cost-of-clothes/ (02/07/2018, 22.26 WIB).
China Water Risk. 2015. Balancing Water For Agri & Coal. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/balancing-water-for-agri-and-coal/ (21/05/2018, 20.05 WIB).
China Water Risk. 2016 State of Environment Report Review. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/2016-state-of-environment-report-review/ (22/05/2018, 20.45 WIB).
China Water Risk. 2016. 2015 State of Environment Report Review. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/2015-state-of-environment-report-review/ (21/05/2018, 15.25 WIB).
China Water Risk. New „Soil Ten Plan‟ To Safeguard China‟s Food Safety & Healthy Living Environment. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/notices/new-soil-ten-plan-to-safeguard-chinas-food-safety-healthy-living-environment/ (22/05/2018, 08.00 WIB).
China Water Risk. New „Water Ten Plan‟ To Safeguard China‟s Waters: China‟s Most Comprehensive Water Policy To Date, Which Will Ultimately
142
Transform China‟s Environment & Economy. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/notices/new-water-ten-plan-to-safeguard-chinas-waters/ (27/02/2018, 22.34 WIB).
Chinadaily. Electric Vehicles To Serve As Taxis In Taiyuan. Edisi 21 Januari 2016. Diakses dalam http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/shanxi/2016-01/21/content_23183079.htm (06/06/2018, 23.04 WIB).
Chun, Zhang. Green Certificates To Bolster Market For Renewables. Edisi 22-05-2017. Diakses dalam https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/9805-Green-certificates-to-bolster-market-for-renewables (30/05/2018, 22.05 WIB).
Chun, Zhang. Green Certificates To Bolster Market For Renewables. Edisi 22-05-2017. Diakses dalam https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/9805-Green-certificates-to-bolster-market-for-renewables (30/05/2018, 22.05 WIB).
Clean Air Aisa. China Air 2015 Report. Diakses dalam http://cleanairasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/ChinaAir2015-report.pdf (22/04/2018, 03.15 WIB).
Clean Air Aisa. China Air 2016 Report. Diakses dalam http://cleanairasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/China-Air-2016-Report-Full.pdf (22/04/2018, 03.45 WIB).
Clean Air Alliance of China. Seminar on Taiyuan‟s Experience in Electric Vehicle Promotion. Diakses dalam http://en.cleanairchina.org/product/8747.html (06/06/2018, 20.17 WIB).
Climate Action. 2018. China Leads The Way To The Global Renewable Energy Revolution. Diakses dalam http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/news/china-leads-the-way-to-the-global-renewable-energy-revolution (29/05/2018, 21.08 WIB).
Climate Action. 2018. China And India Top The Renewable Energy Attractiveness Index. Diakses dalam http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/news/china-and-india-top-the-renewable-energy-attractiveness-index (29/05/2018, 20.51 WIB).
Climate Action. 2018. China Is The Most Attractive Country To Build New Renewable Energy Projects. Diakses dalam http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/news/china-is-the-most-attractive-country-to-build-new-renewable-energy-projects (29/05/2018, 20.51 WIB).
143
Climate Nexus. China‟s Climate and Energy Policy: Leadership Efforts on the Road to a Low-Carbon Future. Diakses dalam https://climatenexus.org/international/international-cooperation/chinas-climate-and-energy-policy/ (30/05/2018, 04.51 WIB).
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. Diakses dalam http://www.crrcgc.cc/sfgfen/g3374.aspx (07/06/2018, 05.12 WIB).
Daly, Tom & David Stanway. China's Handan Orders 25 Percent Steel Production Cut From April 1. Diakses dalam https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-steel-pollution/chinas-handan-orders-25-percent-steel-production-cut-from-april-1-idUSKBN1H60GV (30/06/2018, 21.40 WIB).
Daxue Consulting. Green Technology in China. Diakses dalam http://daxueconsulting.com/green-technology-in-china/ (05/06/2018, 13.46 WIB).
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. Diakses dalam http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/dunche/dunche_e.pdf (06/05/2018, 20.15 WIB).
Department of Public Information. World Summit On Sustainable Development Meets In Johannesburg. Diakses dalam http://www.un.org/events/wssd/summaries/envdevj1.htm (08/05/2018, 12.15 WIB).
Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development of Moscow. 2016. Using Electric Cars as Taxis. Diakses dalam https://www.iru.org/sites/default/files/2016-11/iru-taxi-forum-2016-pronin-en.pdf (07/06/2018, 03.45 WIB).
Detik Health. Polusi Udara Parah di China Tewaskan 1,2 Juta Orang Tiap Tahun. Edisi 03 April 2013. Diakses dalam https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/2210550/polusi-udara-parah-di-china-tewaskan-12-juta-orang-tiap-tahun (30/06/2018, 00.43 WIB).
Energy Foundation. Renewable Energy. Diakses dalam http://www.efchina.org/Programs-en/CRE-en (29/05/2018, 20.18 WIB).
Energy Research Institute. 2017. National Development and Reform Commission China. Development Status of Renewable Energy in China Industries Goals and Policies. Diakses dalam http://www.keei.re.kr/keei/download/seminar/170911/II170911_b02.pdf (29/05/2018, 20.22 WIB).
144
Energy Research Institute. National Development and Reform Commission China. Development Status of Renewable Energy in China Industries Goals and Policies. Diakses dalam http://www.keei.re.kr/keei/download/seminar/170911/II170911_b02.pdf (03/06/2018, 07.23 WIB).
Environmental Resources Management. 2010. China's History of Environmental Protection. Diakses dalam https://www.erm.com/en/insights/publications/archived-publications-2009---2010/Chinas-history-of-environmental-protection/ (17/04/2018, 20.51 WIB).
EQ International. 2016. DP CleanTechProvides China Electronic System Engineering Corporation (CESEC) with Latest Optimised Solution for its 1st Biomass Project in Hebei, China. Diakses dalam http://www.eqmagpro.com/dp-cleantechprovides-china-electronic-system-engineering-corporation-cesec-with-latest-optimised-solution-for-its-1st-biomass-project-inhebei-china/ (04/06/2018, 15.32 WIB).
G. Pope, Chris. China Wants To Dominate The World‟s Green Energy Markets – Here‟s Why. Edisi 18 January 2018. Indepentdent. Diakses dalam https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/China-renewable-energy-markets-money-profits-climate-change-global-warming-a8159631.html (06/06/2018, 14.01 WIB).
Galeon, Dom. China Is Replacing 70,000 Taxis With Electric Cars. Edisi 2 Maret 2017. Diakses dalam https://futurism.com/china-is-replacing-70000-taxis-with-electric-cars/ (06/06/2018, 06.19 WIB).
Global Carbon Atlas. CO2 Emissions. Diakses dalam http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/CO2-emissions (25/04/2018, 14.38 WIB).
Global Environmental Facility. Diakses dalam https://www.thegef.org/about/funding (19/04/2018, 20.10 WIB).
Global Issues. World Summit on Sustainable Development. Diakses dalam http://www.globalissues.org/article/366/world-summit-on-sustainable-development (08/05/2018, 10.20 WIB).
Global Voice. Masalah Polusi di China. Edisi 24 Juni 2013. Diakses dalam https://id.globalvoices.org/2013/06/24/masalah-polusi-di-China/ (25/04/2018.11.56 WIB).
Global Voice. Masalah Polusi di China. Edisi 24 Juni 2013. Diakses dalam https://id.globalvoices.org/2013/06/24/masalah-polusi-di-China/ (23/05/2018, 22.05 WIB).
145
Goldman Sachs, China‟s Environment: Big Issues, Accelerating Effort, Ample Opportunities. Diakses dalam http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/pages/interconnected-markets-folder/chinas-environment/report.pdf (22/05/2018, 14.05 WIB).
Government of Canada. Canada-China agreement on China Council on Environment and Development. Diakses dalam https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/corporate/international-affairs/partnerships-countries-regions/asia/canada-China-agreement-environmental-cooperation.html (19/04/2018, 20.15 WIB).
Government of India Ministry of Environment. Forest and Climate Change, Agreement On Cooperation on Addressing Climate Change Between The Government of The Republic Of India and The Government of The People‟s Republic of China. Diakses dalam http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/India-China%20Agreement%20on%20Climate%20Change.pdf (19/04/2018, 21.05 WIB).
Government of Japan Ministry of the Environment. Japan-China Environmental Policy Dialogue. Diakses dalam https://www.env.go.jp/earth/coop/coop/english/dialogue/japan_China.html (19/04/2018, 20.47 WIB).
Government of New Zeland Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Environment. Cooperation Agreement. Diakses dalam https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/FTAs-agreements-in-force/China-FTA/ECA-NZ.pdf (19/04/2018, 20.35 WIB).
Hakiim, Azafilmi & Iqbal Syaichurrozi. Konsep Dasar Berfikir Ilmiah dengan Penalaran Deduktif, Induktif, Dan Abduktif. Diakses dalam http://eprints.undip.ac.id/36328/1/TUGAS_1._iqbal_PAPER_KONSEP_DASAR_BERFIKIR_ILMIAH_DENGAN_PENALARAN_DEDUKTIF%2C_INDUKTIF%2C_DAN_ABDUKTIF.doc (23/05/2018, 19.27 WIB).
Hilaire, Eric and Lu Guang. 2015. Hebei's Steel Cities And China's Pollution Crisis. Diakses dalam https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2015/jan/13/hebeis-steel-cities-chinas-pollution-crisis-in-pictures (30/06/2018, 21.36 WIB).
Hong, Miao & Alex Perera (dkk). 2017. New Clean Energy Buying Option in China: Green Electricity Certificates. Diakses dalam http://www.wri.org/blog/2017/10/new-clean-energy-buying-option-china-green-electricity-certificates (31/05/2018, 05.02 WIB).
146
Hu, Feng. 2015. Groundwater Under Pressure. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/groundwater-under-pressure/ (21/05/2018, 15.34 WIB).
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). 2018. China 2017 Review World‟s Second-Biggest Economy Continues to Drive Global Trends in Energy Investment. Diakses dalam http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/China-Review-2017.pdf (03/06/2018, 03.40 WIB),
International Hydropower Association. 2017. China. Diakses dalam https://www.hydropower.org/country-profiles/china (01/06/2018, 02.39 WIB).
International Trade Administration. 2017. Steel Exports Report: China. Diakses dalam https://www.trade.gov/steel/countries/pdfs/2016/annual/exports-china.pdf (30/06/2018, 21.53 WIB).
Internship China. 2016. The Growth of Green Technology in China. Diakses dalam http://internshipschina.com/growth-green-technology-china/ (04/06/2018, 01.11 WIB).
Interpidsourcing. Consumer Electronic Industry Report. diakses dalam https://intrepidsourcing.com/resources/industry-reports/consumer-electronics-industry-report/ (02/07/2018, 22.53 WIB).
ITI Manufacturing, Inc. The 5 Largest Cities in China For Manufacturing. Diakses dalam https://www.itimanufacturing.com/news/the-5-largest-cities-in-china-for-manufacturing/ (02/07/2018, 21.34 WIB).
Jinran, Zheng. Textile Companies Reduce Pollution, Save on Costs. China Daily Edisi 20 Juni 2017. Diakses dalam http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-06/20/content_29820109.htm (30/06/2018, 22.30 WIB).
Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup. Mengenal Logam Berat. Diakses dalam http://sib3pop.menlhk.go.id/index.php/articles/view?slug=mengenal-logam-berat (22/05/2018, 22.02 WIB).
Kompas. Polusi Hasil Pembakaran Batu Bara Paling Berbahaya. Edisi 05 Desember 2015. Dikases dalam https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2015/12/05/100000823/Polusi.Hasil.Pembakaran.Batu.Bara.Paling.Berbahaya (01/05/2018, 14.35 WIB).
Kompas. Sebagian Besar Pesisir China Tercemar. Edisi 21 Maret 2013. Diakses dalam
147
https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2013/03/21/1548174/Sebagian.Besar.Pesisir.China.Tercemar (25/04/2018 ,12.45 WIB).
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Chapter XXVII. Diakses dalam https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en#3 (07/05/2018, 22.50 WIB).
Library of Congress. 2014. China: Environmental Protection Law Revised. Diakses dalam http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/China-environmental-protection-law-revised/ (19/04/2018, 21.30 WIB).
Liu, Hongqiao & Dawn McGregor. 2015. Can The Water Ten Protect Water Sources?. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/can-the-water-ten-protect-water-sources/ (21/05/2018, 16.35 WIB).
Liu, Zhu. China‟s Carbon Emissions Report 2016: Regional Carbon Emissions and the Implication for China‟s Low Carbon Development. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Diakses dalam https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/China%20Carbon%20Emissions%202016%20final%20web.pdf (13.45 WIB).
Liu, Zhu. China's Carbon Emissions Report 2015. Diakses dalam https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/chinas-carbon-emissions-report-2015 (24/04/2018, 14.25 WIB).
Logan, Kate and Helen Ding. 2017. Brand Rankings on China Supply Chain Action. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/opinions/brand-rankings-on-china-supply-chain-action/ (02/07/2018, 22.53 WIB).
Mcneice, Angus. China Leading In Green Energy Growth. Edisi 2017-10-05. Diakses dalam http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-10/05/content_32880621.htm (31/05/2018, 03.50 WIB).
Menteri Lingkungan Hidup RI. Konferensi PBB Untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (Rio +20): “Masa Depan Yang Kita Inginkan”. Diakses dalam http://www.menlh.go.id/konferensi-pbb-untuk-pembangunan-berkelanjutan-rio20-masa-depan-yang-kita-inginkan/ (27/12/2017, 13.38 WIB).
Metro Report International. Fuel Cell Tram Enters Service In Tangshan. Edisi 28 Oktober 2017. Diakses dalam http://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/fuel-cell-tram-enters-service-in-tangshan.html (07/06/2018, 14.30 WIB).
148
Metro Report. Foshan Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tram Contract Signed. Edisi 10 Mar 2017. Diakses dalam http://www.metro-report.com/news/news-by-region/china/single-view/view/foshan-hydrogen-fuel-cell-tram-contract-signed.html (07/06/2018, 14.54 WIB).
Metro Report. Fuel Cell Tram Framework Agreement. Edisi11 Jun 2015. Diakses dalam http://www.metro-report.com/news/metro/single-view/view/fuel-cell-tram-framework-agreement.html (07/06/2018, 12.34 WIB).
Ministry of Ecology And Environment of The People’s Republic of China. Diakses dalam http://english.sepa.gov.cn/About_MEE/Internal_Departments/ (18/04/2018,18.22 WIB).
Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2016. An Interview With MEP Official On Soil Pollution Action Plan. Diakses dalam http://english.sepa.gov.cn/Resources/Policies/Policy_Intepretation/201608/t20160812_362222.shtml (22/05/2018, 13.23 WIB).
Ministry of Environmental Protection. The State Council Issues Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution Introducing Ten Measures to Improve Air Quality. Diakses dalam http://english.mep.gov.cn/News_service/infocus/201309/t20130924_260707.htm (28/02/2018, 21105 WIB).
Molloy, Mark. Panda Power! China Is Building The World's Cutest Solar Station. Edisi 6 Juli 2017. Diakses dalam https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/07/06/panda-power-china-building-worlds-cutest-solar-station/ (03/06/2018, 22.30 WIB).
National People's Congress of the PRC. Functions and Powers of the National People's Congress. Diakses dalam http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Organization/2007-11/15/content_1373013.htm (24/04/2018, 11.55 WIB).
P, Alviansyah. Industri Kendaraan Ramah Lingkungan China Berkembang Cepat. Edisi 3 September 2017. Antara News. Diakses dalam https://otomotif.antaranews.com/berita/650354/industri-kendaraan-ramah-lingkungan-china-berkembang-cepat (06/06/2018, 05.17 WIB).
Pertumbuhan Pesat Ekonomi China Dalam Angka. 23 September 2015. Diakses dalam http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah/2015/09/150910_majalah_ekonomi_China (29/11/2017, 09.13 WIB).
Perubahan Iklim, Perjanjian Paris, Dan Nationally Determined Contribution. Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim Kementerian
149
Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Jakarta. 2016. Diakses dalam http://ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id/reddplus/images/resources/buku_pintar/buku-pintar-PPI-21-6-2016-ISBN-FA_opt.pdf. (15/05/2017, 15.43 WIB).
Qin, Liu. 2014. Sustainable Fashion Can Help Cut Textile Waste And Pollution. Diakses dalam https://www.chinadialogue.net/blog/7136-Sustainable-fashion-can-help-cut-textile-waste-and-pollution/en (30/06/2018, 22.05 WIB).
Shen, Dajun. Water Quality Management in China. International Journal of Water Resources Development. Vol. 28, No. 2, 281–297, June 2012. Diakses dalam https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2012.669079 (28/02/2018, 21.05 WIB).
Shengke, Gao. China‟s Abandoned Steel Mills Are A Threat To Public Health. China Dialogue Edisi 05 Agustus 2013. Diakses dalam https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/6260-China-s-abandoned-steel-mills-are-a-threat-to-public-health (30/06/2018, 21.02 WIB).
Situs Resmi Dewan Negara RRC. State Structure of the People‟s Republic of China. Diakses dalam http://english.gov.cn/archive/china_abc/2014/08/23/content_281474982987300.htm (24/04/2018, 11.38 WIB).
Situs Resmi Embassy of the PRC.Environmental Protection in China. Diakses dalam http://lt.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/zfbps/t125245.htm (24/04/2018, 11.24 WIB).
Situs Resmi International Monetary Fund (IMF). Diakses dalam http://www.imf.org/en/Countries/CHN (24/04/2018, 16.31 WIB).
Statement by H.E. Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the 14th ASEAN Plus Three Summit. Diakses dalam http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t880846.shtml, (06/04/2018, 21.30 WIB).
Tan, Debra. 2015. Water Ten: Comply or Else. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/water-ten-comply-or-else/ (21/05/2018, 16.12 WIB).
The State Council The People’s Republic of China. 2014. Hukum Perlindungan Lingkungan Republik Rakyat Cina. Diakses dalam http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2014-04/25/content_2666434.htm (12/01/2018, 20.42 WIB).
150
Thieriot, Hubert. 2015. Water In Coal: Still Murky. Diakses dalam http://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/water-in-coal-still-murky/ (27/02/2018, 22.35 WIB).
UNESCAP. Low Carbon Green Growth Roadmap for Asia and the Pacific : Fact Sheet - Feed-in Tariff. Diakses dalam http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/26.%20FS-Feed-In-Tariff.pdf (29/05/2018, 13.07 WIB).
United Nation. Future of China‟s Hydropower: Speeding Up Development And Sustainable Development. Diakses dalam http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/energy/op/hydro_he_english.pdf (01/06/2018, 23.40 WIB).
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 1992. Diakses dalam https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&nr=836&type=400&menu=35 (08/05/2018, 11.22 WIB).
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Diakses dalam http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ccc/ccc_e.pdf (07/05/2018, 22.43 WIB).
United Nations, China Statement by H.E. Mr. Zhu Rongji Primier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China at the World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg, South Africa. Diakses dalam http://www.un.org/events/wssd/statements/chinaE.htm (08/05/2018, 11.39 WIB).
United Nations, Implementation of Agenda 21: Review of Progress Made Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 1992. Diakses dalam http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/china-cp.htm (08/05/2018, 11.45 WIB).
United Nations. #Envision2030 Goal 15: Life On Land. Diakses dalam https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/envision2030-goal15.html (22/05/2018, 15.03 WIB).
United Nations. China's Progress on Sustainable Development and Expectations of Rio+20. Diakses dalam http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/usg/statements/uncategorized/2012/06/sustainable-development-in-china-and-chinas-prospects-for-rio20.html (08/05/2018, 12.45 WIB).
United Nations. Future We Want - Outcome Document. Diakses dalam https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/rio20/futurewewant (08/05/2018, 12.33 WIB).
151
United Nations. Goal 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-Being For All At All Ages. Diakses dalam https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/envision2030-goal3.html (21/05/2018, 15.52 WIB).
United Nations. Goal 6: Ensure Availability And Sustainable Management Of Water And Sanitation For All. Diakses dalam https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/envision2030-goal6.html (21/05/2018, 15.52 WIB).
United Nations. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to Transform Our World. Diakses dalam https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/envision2030.html (21/05/2018, 15.50 WIB).
United Nations. United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20. Diakses dalam https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/rio20 (08/05/2018, 12.19 WIB).
United Nations. Work Together to Write A New Chapter in Promoting Sustainable Development for Mankind. Statement by H.E. Wen Jiabao (Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China) at the UN Conference on Sustainable Development. Diakses dalam https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/16694china.pdf (10/01/2018, 21.23 WIB).
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. Diakses dalam https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data#Country (24/04/2018, 12.30 WIB).
Wind Energy and Electric Vechile Review. 2017. CGN to Build 3 GW Offshore Wind Farm Southern China. Diakses dalam https://www.evwind.es/2017/12/22/cgn-to-build-3-gw-offshore-wind-farm-southern-china/62212 (03/06/2018, 13.24 WIB).
World Economic Forum. 2015. Which Countries Emit The Most Greenhouse Gas?. Diakses dalam https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/07/countries-emitting-most-greenhouse-gas/ (25/12/2017, 21.38 WIB).
World Energy and Electric Vechile Review. 2017. China Leads Global Wind Power Installation in 2016. Diakses dalam https://www.evwind.es/2017/02/15/china-leads-global-wind-power-installation-in-2016/58833 (03/06/2018, 03.58 WIB).
152
Xi, Yang. 2008. SEPA Gets Stronger. Diakses dalam http://www.China.org.cn/environment/news/2008-03/10/content_12143406.htm (18/04/2108, 20.30 WIB).
Xin, Zheng. Primary Work Starts at Baihetan Dam. China Daily Edisi 04 Agustus 2017. Diakses dalam http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-08/04/content_30346639.htm (03/06/2018, 20.08 WIB).
Xinhua. 97% Of Taxis In Taiyuan Replaced By Electric Autos. Edisi 19 Oktober 2016. Diakses dalam http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2016-10/19/c_135766597_2.htm (06/06/2018, 22.34 WIB).
Yan, Q Y & Q Zhang (dkk). 2016. Overall Review of Feed-in Tariff and Renewable Portfolio Standard Policy: A Perspective of China.International Conference on New Energy and Future Energy System. Diakses dalam http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/40/1/012076/pdf (31/05/2018, 03.45 WIB).
Yang, Yang. China Speeds up Green Manufacturing Development. China Daily Edisi 24 Juli 2017. Diakses dalam http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2017-07/24/content_30226300.htm (30/06/2018, 23.34 WIB).
Yuanyuan, Liu. China to Launch Green Certificates in Renewable Energy Sector. Edisi 30 Maret 2018. Diakses dalam https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2017/03/china-to-launch-green-certificates-in-renewable-energy-sector.html (31/05/2018, 04.15 WIB).
Zhang, Xiaoxin & Jin Huang. 2017. Study of China Green Supply Chain Management Policies and Standard. IOP Science Publishing. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Diakses dalam http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/94/1/012144/pdf (02/07/2018, 22.07 WIB).
Zhuang, Yu. Soil Pollution in China Threatens the Health of its Citizens and Investment. Diakses dalam http://asia-environment.vermontlaw.edu/2016/05/09/soil-pollution-in-china/ (22/05/2018, 14.51 WIB).