Assignment on: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

-submitted by: Students of 3rd Semester Master of Planning

(with specialization in Environmental Planning)

PALLAVI C NATH, 3rd SEMESTER, Masters in Planning ( with specialization Environmental Planning)

ROLE OF MEDIA IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Media plays a large role in environmental protection especially in

promoting environmental awareness and education.

The basic responsibilities of the communication media may

include:

• Reporting and publishing the truth

• Conducting thorough probes into issues relating to violations

• Highlighting the failure of government officials

• Not succumb to the pressure tactics adopted by governmental

officials/ anti-social elements

The emergence of the Internet as a source of information, with its

vast reach and accessibility, has been an extremely important

development. The television and the print media play an

important role in creating environmental awareness. Further, the

radio has a significant impact due to its large audience in the rural

areas.

The Role of MEDIA in ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION and MANAGEMENT

In 1998 the all India Radio hosted a 52- episode entertainment-

education radio serial It was titled: "Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum':' ("Where

Have We Arrived?") and aimed to tackle Environmental Issues.

The show was Produced by Mrs. Usha Bhasin with the assistance of the

central pollution Control Board.

It was Broad casted in 7 seven Hindi speaking States in Northern India-

India: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan, Haryana,

Himachal Pradesh and Delhi.

The show had a listenership of 1,00,000 people.

The programme addressed issues such as water, air and noise pollution,

deforestation, solid waste disposal, organic farming and other topics.

This series was built around the story of a rural background in which a

factory settles near a small village.

ALL IN RADIO- “YEH KAHAN AA GAYE HUM”

Why was" YehKahan Aa Gaye Hum" so effective in stimulating environmental activism in Lutsaan (Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)? Exposure to this radio serial was higher in Lutsaan than elsewhere in North India. • Inspired by the radio serial, members went on cycle tour to educate the

public to conserve fuel, thus saving the environment from pollution. • They rode to the nearest railway junction where several rickshaws waited,

with their ignitions on. The Lutsaan "activists" explained to the drivers the hazards of air pollution, encouraging them to switch off their ignitions.

• Members of the Lutsaan listeners' club also approached heavy smokers in the

village, informing them about its health hazards. • Another suggestion that the Lutsaan residents gathered from the serial" Yeh

Kahaan Aa Gaye Hum" was to plant trees on festive occasions. • Self help groups set up by the village leaders in association with the listeners’

club helped spur and sustain environmental action in Lutsaan.

Community effects of Radio in Lutsaan, Uttar Pradesh

TELEVISION

CNN IBN : Saving The Ganga: The holy river in distress The news channel CNN-IBN had focused on a special initiative, Saving the Ganga. It was a 45-day campaign in association with Sankat Mojan Foundation • The sacred river is dying despite

lumpsum money being spent on saving it.

• Dams and pollution are killing the Ganga in every state that it passes through.

• Peoples initiatives to save this mighty river from getting polluted anymore.

Example of an initiative to clean the Ganga: Breeding of turtles in captivity and then releasing them into the river. As the turtles are meat eating animals, they play a vital role in cleansing the river.

NDTV : Ma Ganga - Killing her softly NDTV along with a team from The Energy Research Institute travelled the length of the Ganga to understand the crisis the mother river is in and how bad the situation is. Samples of the water have been at key places, like Gangotri, Haridwar, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna and Kolkata to test for pollutants and heavy metals. The study was carried out for a period of 1 year and is being telecasted on television in a series of 5 documentaries.

Killing her- Killing her Softly but Deliberately

TELEVISION

To commemorate the 67th year of India’s independence, Animal Planet celebrates the country’s exotic wildlife through its programme “Yeh Mera India”. • It showcase the fascinating wildlife, rich

and varied landscapes and great natural treasure troves of India.

• The episodes’ content include: Odisha’s Wetlands documenting the contribution of wetlands in maintaining the ecological balance;

TELEVISION: YEH MERA INDIA

‘Nagarahole – Tales from an Indian Jungle’ capturing the natural spectacle from one monsoon season to the next and investigating the threats to India’s precious ecological heritage; ‘Creatures of the Great Rains’ portraying the effect of monsoons on creatures great and small – from elephants to frogs, tigers to monkeys, rhinos to leeches; ‘Shola – India’s Jungle of Rain’ showcasing the incredible variety of wildlife present in the Western Ghats.

Will we have any safe and potable water left? The episode mainly dealt with the dire water situation in the county. • Scarcity and the huge health problem that we are

exposed to due to the poor quality of water. • Methods to deal with water scarcity- rain water

harvesting, creation of small reservoirs, cleaning up of lakes.

TELEVISION: SATYAMEV JAYATE

Example: The introduction of Mandatory rain water harvesting by the Chennai government under the supervision of IAS officer Shanta Sheela Nair. • Revision of Chennai Municipal Corporation Act in 2003: a

law was passed to install rain water harvesting systems within a year.

TELEVISION: SATYAMEV JAYATE

Waste is Wealth

• Issue of garbage disposal and waste as a resource.

• How people are making a difference

and introduced us to waste warriors. • A huge amount of Municipality budget

is set aside for cleanliness in the country but it's not properly used.

Grim realities Garbage mounds everywhere, the pollution of ground water and soil, and the spread of diseases.

Success Waste Management • Pune based organization SWACH has been lending a

helping hand to numerous waste pickers to become more empowered.

• The Biogas experiment: One ton of garbage can be made into gas equivalent to 2 lpg cylinders.

• Roads from plastic waste

PRINT MEDIA: DOWN TO EARTH

In May 1992, the Society for Environmental

Communications (sister organization of CSE) started

India’s only science and environment fortnightly,

Down To Earth (DTE).

• Informs readers about the environmental

threats facing India and the world - a dimension

underplayed in mainstream media.

• Gives a comprehensive view on the most critical

issues of human existence.

• The magazine is transparent in terms of the data

it publishes with sufficient scientific support.

The magazine not only addresses aspects of

environmental degradation, but also highlights

methods in which people/ institutions contribute

towards ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

PRINT MEDIA: SANCTURAY ASIA

Sanctuary Asia, is a wildlife, conservation

and environment magazine.

• Started in 1981 to raise awareness

among Indians of their disappearing

natural heritage.

• Sanctuary Cub, a children's nature

magazine, started in 1984 reaches out to

children across India through schools and

nature clubs.

The magazine aims to communicate the

rationale for wildlife conservation and

environmental protection.

WALL·E : Waste Allocation Load Lifter The film portrays the outcome of environmentally destructive human activities.

MOVIES

RIO 2: Focuses on “The Last Rainforest” ICE AGE: THE MELTDOWN- Climate Change

HAPPY FEET has a strong environmental message the about the over-harvesting of arctic fish for man’s consumption.

Animated movies have an intent to implement hidden messages, sometimes politically driven and many focusing on environmental issues.

Green Movies - ENCHANTED LANDS AND FABLES

A Fable From The Himalayas - Perspectives On Climate Change The film was shot in the remote ice desert region of Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India (Bordering Tibet). The UN Environment Program picked up this film for their Billion Tree campaign.

• Spreads the message of how Global warming is impacting fragile ecosystems.

• The Fable depicts the evilness that Climate Change causes- the Change from Silver rivers to grey rock, and Green fields to Red earth, smiles on faces to deep frowns.

One Small Seed

One Whole Tree

A Thousand Seeds

A Thousand Trees

A Million Trees

Savior from a large Calamity

“The Real Power to Save the people from a Calamity is not in the Seed, but in the idea that has been planted in the heads of people”.

References: • Environmental Activism through 'Yeh KahanAa Gaye Hum,' an Entertainment-

Education Radio Soap Opera in India. – by Arvind Singhal, Saumya Pant, and Everett M. Rogers (2000).

• http://www.thepaperlessproject.com/hidden-messages-how-media-teaches-children-about-sustainability/

• http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/ndtv-special-ndtv-24x7/maa-ganga-killing-her-softly-gangotri-to-rishikesh/335397

• http://www.satyamevjayate.in/ • ibnlive.in.com/features/saving-the-ganga.html • http://www.downtoearth.org.in • http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/ • www.discoverychannel.co.in/tv-shows/yehmeraindia

THANK YOU

JUDICIARY and NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL’S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION and MANAGEMENT

Presented By: Narinderjit Kaur

3rd Semester, Batch 2013-2015 Master of Planning (Environmental Planning)

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

PIL and WRIT petitions are the legal remedy and a tool for environmental jurisprudence under Article 226 and 32

(i) Liberalization of the rules of standing; (ii) Procedural flexibility; (iii) Creative and activist interpretation of legal and fundamental rights . (iv) Remedial flexibility and ongoing judicial participation and supervision. Indian judiciary is first that has developed the concept of right to healthy environment as part of

Article 21

International conventions

which support judiciary

to take requisite action:

• UN Conference at

Stockholm 1972

• General assembly

resolution in 1972

• Earth summit

• Agenda 21

• Environmental Jurisprudence in India made a beginning when

Parliament enacted Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Act, 1974.

• Quantum leap with amendment of Constitution in 1976 and

incorporation of Article 48-A in the Directive Principles of State

Policy and Article 51- A (g) in the Fundamental Duties of every

citizen of India.

• These Articles unequivocally provide for protection and

improvement of the environment.

• Parliament enacted Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Act, 1981 and Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

• With three enactments, a modest beginning was made by

Parliament.

• Unfortunately, soft laws were enacted at a time when strong

legislation was critical for environmental conservation.

• Writ of Habeaus Corpus,

• Writ of Mandamus,

• Writ of Quo-Warranto,

• Writ of Prohibition, and

• Writ of Certiorari.

Judiciary

Examples of the Sources of PIL:

• The creation of authorities for the regeneration of the Aravalli

Range Protection of the Doon Valley and the protection of

the coastal zones from prawn culture.

• Supreme Court Chief Justice Ranganath Mishra directed

Govt., to include environment at all levels of education. It’s

very positive and most important outcome of a PIL.

• In prawn culture matter, precautionary principle and

polluter must pay introduced in the Supreme Court's order.

• Some green minded Judges are Justice Krishna Iyer, Justice

Bhagwati, Justice Kuldip Singh and Justice Ranganath Mishra.

They are always in favor of environmental protection.

• Green benches have been created in some High Courts to

exclusively hear environmental cases.

• Advocate M.C. Mehta has earned international fame by

working for environmental protection. He is a lawyer of

Supreme Court. He has been awarded the prestigious

Magsaysay Award for Asia in 1997.

Judiciary

Doctrines Evolved By Courts:

• Precautionary principles

• Polluter pays principles

• Absolute liability principle

• Sustainable development

• Public trust doctrine

Types of judicial approach Pro-Project: Judges tend to

emphasize the potential benefits of

a particular project or commercial

activity.

Judicial Restraint: Judges defer to

the determinations made by

executive agencies and experts

with regard to the environmental

feasibility of a project.

Judicial Review: Judges tend to

scrutinize the environmental impact

of particular activities. Services

rendered by expert committees,

amicus curiae and NGOs prove to

be a valuable asset.

Continuing Mandamus

• Monitor the implementation of orders by seeking

frequent reports from governmental agencies on

progress made in the same.

• Fact-finding commissions and expert

committees or amicus curiae which are constituted

to examine a particular environmental problem.

Absolute Liability

• Bhopal Gas Leak involved two disasters,

one being the huge loss of life and

secondly absence of clear legal

framework to bring relief.

• It was ruled that occupiers of premises

where hazardous activities were undertaken,

would be liable to third parties for damage

caused as a result of such activities,

irrespective of any fault being shown on their

part.

Precautionary Principle

• With respect of developmental activities

that may harm environment and local

communities.

• While policy-making in this regard has, also

evolved with the requirement of

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

before commencement of construction

activities, judicial oversight is still needed to

ensure that same is conducted transparently.

Polluter Pays Principle

• In environmental law, the PPP is enacted to make

the party producing pollution responsible for

paying for the damage done to the natural

environment.

Public Trust Doctrine:

• It is the principle that certain resources are

preserved for public use, and that government is

required to maintain them for the public's

reasonable use like water, air, forests etc.

First mentioned in the MC Mehta vs Kamalnath case:

“ State is the trustee under legal duty to protect

natural resources. These resources meant for

public use cannot be converted into private

ownership”.

Judiciary

The CNG controversy case; SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

• On July 28, 1998 Supreme Court of India ruled that all eight-year-old buses and pre-1990 three-

wheelers and taxis would have to be converted to compressed natural gas (CNG) by March 31,

2000. For the rest of the buses, three-wheelers and taxis, the deadline was fixed as March 31, 2001.

• This order, however, is getting to be the most difficult to implement. Resistance from diesel lobby and

lack of support from government nearly sabotaged the initiative.

• Instead of taking pride in the fact that one of the largest CNG programmers of the world has been

launched in Delhi, efforts are being made not to let it happen.

• Despite the opposition, Delhi today boasts of more than 2,200 CNG buses, 25,000 CNG three-

wheelers, 6,000 CNG taxis and 10,000 CNG cars.

• US Department of Energy issued the notification, entitled”

Natural Gas Buses: Separating Myth from Fact”, in April 2000.

•The release deals with every issue that is confusing Delhi’s

decision makers: cost, effect on global warming, safety, and

health effects of nano particles or ultra-fine particles from

CNG. “It becomes very difficult for people to understand the

benefits of an alternative fuel program if they are confronted with

misinformation or poor comparisons based on false

assumptions,” points out the notification.

• Similarly in Delhi, ever since the Supreme Court orders have

come into effect, there has been a spate of statements from

government officials, politicians, some experts and by the

media on CNG.

INDIAN COUNCIL FOR ENVIRO-LEGAL ACTION v. UNION OF INDIA SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS , POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE

• Petitioner, Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action

brought this action to stop and remedy pollution

caused by several chemical industrial plants in

Bichhri village, Udaipur District, Rajasthan.

• The Respondents operated heavy industry plants,

producing chemicals such as oleum, single super

phosphate, toxic H acid.

• Respondents operated these plants without permits

which caused serious pollution.

• Toxic waste water was untreated and left to be

absorbed into the earth causing aquifers and the

subterranean supply of water to be polluted.

• The soil became polluted and unfit for cultivation.

Several people in nearby villages are alleged to have

contracted diseases due to the pollution.

• From 1989-1992, Court issued orders to respondents,

directing them to, among other things, control and

store the sludge.

• These orders were largely ignored. In 1994, the

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

(NEERI) reported on pollution caused by respondents,

and in 1996, court held a final hearing on these

matters.

LEGAL FRAME WORK :

• Constitution of India, Articles 21, 32, 48A and 51A(g).

• Environment Protection Act, 1986

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,

1981

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act,

1974

COURT’S VERDICT:

• The respondents are strictly and absolutely

liable to compensate all those who are

affected by the accident.

• Court also endorsed polluter pays principle,

under which financial costs of preventing or

remedying damage lie with those who cause

pollution.

• Sections 3 and 5 of Environment (Protection)

Act 1986 empower the Central Government to

take necessary measures to protect the

environment.

• Respondents are "rogue industries", and

hence all their plants and factories in Bichhri

village are ordered to be closed.

• Villagers can institute suits in the appropriate

civil courts to claim damages from

respondents.

VELLORE CITIZENS WELFARE FORUM v. UNION OF INDIA ;SUPREME COURT INDIA Constitutional Right,. Environment Protection Fund, Polluter Pays Principle,

Precautionary Principle

• Petitioner, Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum, filed this action to stop tanneries in the State of Tamil Nadu from discharging untreated effluent into agricultural fields, waterways, open lands and waterways.

• Among other types of environmental pollution caused by these tanneries, it is estimated that nearly 35,000 hectares of agricultural land in this tanneries belt has become either partially or totally unfit for cultivation,

• 170 types of chemicals used in the chrome tanning processes have severely polluted local drinking water.

• Court has passed other orders relating to this case, and has monitored this petition for almost five years.

• Each tannery in the petition is subject to a Rupees 10,000 fine which will be put into an

"Environment Protection Fund "which will be used to restore the environment and to

compensate affected persons.

• Expert bodies will help frame a scheme to reverse environmental pollution.

• All tanneries must set up common effluent treatment plants, or individual pollution control

devices, and if they do not, the Superintendent of Police and the Collector/District Magistrate/

Deputy Commissioner in each of the respective districts is authorized to close the plants down.

VELLORE CITIZENS WELFARE FORUM v. UNION OF INDIA ;SUPREME COURT INDIA Constitutional Right,. Environment Protection Fund, Polluter Pays Principle,

Precautionary Principle

Legal Framework

• Constitution of India, Articles 21, 32, 47, 48A, 51A(g)

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

• Environment Protection Act 1986.

• Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

• Madras District Municipalities Act (1920).

COURT’S VERDICT

• Supreme Court noted that although leather industry is a major foreign exchange earner for

India and provided employment, it does not mean that this industry has the right to destroy

the ecology, degrade the environment or create health hazards.

• Directed Central Government to take immediate action under the provisions of environment

protection act 1986 (to create an authority with powers to control pollution and protect the

environment)

• The authority shall implement precautionary principle and polluter pays principle, and identify;

1) Loss to ecology/ environment; and

2) Individuals/ families who have suffered because of pollution, and then determine

compensation to reverse environmental damage. Compensate those who have suffered from the

pollution. Collector/ District Magistrates shall collect and disburse the money.

Case Examples from News room

October 2014: HC: Government to decide on encroachment removal in Rohini. The court was told that 29 of the 94 parks in Rohini have been encroached upon by various religious structures.

October 2014: SC: No end to mining in Aravalis, SC

to prosecute erring Haryana officials.

• Turning heat to derelict officials of Haryana

government Supreme Court said it would prosecute all

erring officials without waiting for any more reports

on illegal mining and stone crushing units in Aravalis

Hills.

• Supreme Court order of 2002 was yet to be

executed in completion, court ordered government to

furnish list of officials responsible for the execution

within 4 weeks.

• NGO Bandhua Mukti Morcha had revived its PIL

regarding the matter. Satellite imagery of 28 villages

had 287 Ha. of land under illegal stone crushing.

Case Examples from Court room

September 2014:

SC wants details on steps taken to protect wetlands

• Supreme Court has issued notice to Centre and concerned states over the protection of 36

priority wetlands.

•It has asked to submit within four weeks, details of steps taken to protect these wetlands. The order has

come following a petition filed by M. K. Balakrishnan regarding the demarcation of priority areas and

wetlands.

•The Court has also ordered the Centre to give information regarding the formation of Central Wetlands

Regulatory Authority under the 2010 Wetland Conservation Rules.

Jharkhand Government orders closure of 12 iron ore mines

•Following the Supreme Court orders, Jharkhand Government has directed the closure of 12 iron ore

mines in West Singhum District.

•Tata Steel, Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) and Orissa Manganese and Minerals Private Ltd were

operating these 12 leased mines without renewing their mining licenses for the past few years.

•The closure has led to panic among major steel makers in the region along with loss of livelihood for

hundreds of tribal miners.

Many hurdles to the proposed Vizhinjam Port Project

•The Supreme Court refuses to stay National Green Tribunal’s application that has challenged

environmental clearance and Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) clearance of the proposed Vizhinjam Port

Project.

• Kerala Government has appealed to the court against the Tribunal's order.

• Against the Court's decision, Environment Ministry has given its justification regarding the

clearance of the project and has asked the former to dismiss NGT's order.

Case Examples from Court room

Under Threat

36 Priority

wetlands

National Green Tribunal (NGT)

• Taking into account large number of environmental cases pending in higher courts and

involvement of multidisciplinary issues and Hon’ble Supreme Court judgments MC Mehta v/s

UoI, Indian Council for Enviro-legal Action v/s UoI, AP PCB v/s MV Nayudu, Law Commission in its

186th Report titled “Proposal to Constitute Environmental Courts” emphasised the need for

Environmental Courts accordingly a Bill was introduced in Parliament in 2009 for establishing

such courts.

• National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 is a federal legislation enacted by Parliament of India,

under India's constitutional provision of Article 21, which assures the citizens of India right to a

healthy environment. NGT has been established on 18.10.2010.

• The tribunal is a specialized fast-track court to handle cases pertaining to environmental issues

and dispose them expeditiously.

• It also enforce legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for

damages to environment, persons and property.

• Presently, it has a full time Chairperson and 7 Judicial Members and 10 Expert Members.

• It has Principal Bench in New Delhi and four Zonal Benches at Bhopal, Pune Chennai and

Kolkata.

• Several landmark judgements delivered in past resulted in visible impact on environment.

• Judgements have set a precedent to demonstrate the importance and need for change in the

environmental sector in India.

• Judgements are particularly focused on three principles of Environment legislation – Polluter

Pays, Precautionary Principle and Sustainable Development.

• In a significant decision Supreme Court on 9-8-2012 directed that all cases concerning

environment shall be transferred to the NGT from the various High Courts.

NGT and its various Benches

• nnmmm

NGT vis-a-vis NEAA (National Environment Appellate Authority)

Important Provisions of the NGT Act 2010

• S-14: All civil cases where substantial question of environment arises, to settle disputes in implementing the Acts under Schedule-I.

• S-15: By order relief, compensation, restitution.

• S-16: Appellate jurisdiction.

• S-17: Liability to pay compensation or relief.

• S-19:

• NGT is not bound by Code of Civil Procedure 1908, but guided by Principles of Natural Justice,

• It is not bound by Indian Evidence Act, 1872, it is vested with same power as Civil Courts under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908,

• All proceedings before NGT are deemed to be judicial within meaning of S-193, 219, 228 for the purpose of S-196 of Indian Penal Code

• NGT is deemed civil court for the purpose of S-195 and Ch XXVI of Code of Criminal Procedure 1973

• S-25: An award/order/decision of NGT – as decree of civil court.

• S-26: Penalty for failure to comply;

• Individual up to 3 yrs imprisonment or fine up to 10 Crores or both, with additional fine of Rs 25000/day of violation.

• Company up to 25 Crores and 1 lakh/day of violation.

• S-33: NGT to have over-ridding effect on other regulations.

• S-22 Appeal to Supreme Court; Any person aggrieved because of the decision of the Tribunal u/s 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, may file an appeal before the Apex Court within 90 days.

National Green Tribunal

Established for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Why need of a Green Court

Direct violation of specific statutory environmental obligation by a person by which:

• Community at large other than individual or group of individuals are affected or likely to be affected

by the environmental consequences

• The gravity of damage to the environment or property is substantial

• The damage to the public health is largely measurable

Present Cases

• Environmental Impact Assessment

• Forests

• Municipal Solid Waste

• Industrial Pollution

• Sewage

• Ground Water abstraction and pollution

• Encroachments of water bodies

2011 2012 2013

Appeal

Applic

ation

Revie

w

Applic

ations

Total

of

2011

Appea

l

Applic

ations

THC

Appeal

TGC

Applica

tions

Revie

w

Applic

ations

Total

2012 Appeal

Applic

ations

THC

Appeal

THC

Applic

ations

Misc

Applic

ations

Revie

w

Applic

ations

Cases

from

Shimla

Total

2013

Grand

Total

Total

Pending

as on

30.09.13 3 1 4 13 44 3 10 2 72 30 149 11 41 310 2 40 583 659

Fresh Filing from

01.10.13 7 10 54 4 75 75

Total

Pending

as on

30.09.13 3 1 4 13 44 3 10 2 72 37 159 11 41 364 2 44 658 734

Disposal from 01.10.13 to 31.10.13

(Court 1) 1 10 1 106 118 118

Disposal from 01.10.13 to 31.10.13

(Court 2) 3 4 1 2 33 43 43

Pendenc

y as on

31.10.13 3 1 4 13 44 3 10 2 72 36 152 11 41 315 1 44 600 676

Total Cases till October 2013

EPM and Scientific Basis for Regulatory Standards

• Environmental quality criteria

• Techno-economic feasibility

• Socio-economic criteria

• Local importance of environment

• Existing use

• Special ecological importance (sensitive area)

• Dilution available

Environment is Holocoenotic in Nature

Atmosphere,

(Air Environment)

Hydrosphere,

(Water Environment)

Lithosphere

(Land Environment)

Biosphere

(Life Environment)

EPM and Components of Environment

FUNDAMENTAL DUTY

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT

August 2013: DPCC asked to act against steel-

pickling units in the Wazirpur industrial area (2000

units), which have failed to comply with the standards

of environment protection laws.

• In its May 2014 order NGT directed closure of units

which were letting dangerous Sulphuric acid used to

remove impurities from steel, into drains and then

finally into rivers.

Case Examples from News room

September 2014: Top cop

gets green court notice over

sand mining.

NGT sends notices to Delhi

pollution watchdog and

irrigation department’s chief

engineer.

Despite the NGT’s clear

orders, sand mining is still

happening with active

support from the Delhi

Police plying of sand filled

trucks may damage bunds

and cause flooding.

The Posco Case is one of the most

important cases in NGT’s history.

The Order to suspend the establishment

of the 12 MTPA capacity steel plants in

Odisha came as a radical step in favour

of the local communities and forests.

While the case is still going on in the

court, it is worth mentioning that the

Tribunal has stood its ground to support

sustainable development and valued

local communities above economic

profit from the project.

Case Examples

March 2014: NGT stays new

tube wells, eucalyptus

plantation.

Punjab government to

maintain a status quo on

70000 new connections of

tube well and plantation of

eucalyptus owing to depleting

ground water situation in the

state.

October 2014: NGT restrains Centre, Orissa from granting new mining leases in Keonjhar. NGT directed in its interim order no fresh permission or extension expansion of existing mines in Keonjhar district in the state due to pollution of drinking water. Petition was filed by Rahul Kumar Aggarwal alleging environmental pollution. Deaths of human and animals have been reported in the district due to said pollution. NGT demanded report from government whether companies operating were adhering to environmental laws of the land.

Case Examples from Court room

The Goa foundation case was a landmark

case that established NGT’s jurisdiction in

all civil cases which involve a substantial

question of environment.

•The petition sought protection of the Western

Ghats and prayed for directions to the

respondents to exercise the powers conferred

upon them under the enactments stated in

Schedule I to the National Green Tribunal Act,

2010 (for short “the NGT Act”) for preservation

and protection of Western Ghats within the

framework, as enunciated by the Western

Ghats Ecology Expert Panel in its report dated

31st August, 2012.

•The Tribunal directed the MoEF to file its

reply on the report within 4 weeks.

NGT seeks Centre's clarification on fresh

survey of Western Ghats

•The National Green Tribunal has ordered the

Environment Ministry to respond on whether

the concerned States have been notified to carry

out a fresh survey on the identification of eco-

sensitive areas in the Western Ghats.

•The Tribunal has shown doubts on both the

Gadgil report as well as the Kasturirangan report

on the Western Ghats.

•It has also called the Ministry 'messy', as it has

been changing its stands on the issue every day.

Case Examples from Court room

The Sand Mining Order has been the

latest victory of NGT.

•The Tribunal put a ban on all forms of

Illegal River and Ocean bed sand

mining which were rampant across the

country due to the sand mafia's

influence over the sand market.

•The Tribunal, in a series of orders

banned the mining and called upon

state authorities to show cause why

‘illegal sand mining had been going

on without any environment

clearances’.

•While the case is still going on, there

has been severe backlash from

states against the ban calling it

‘judicial over reach’ and a reason for

increased black marketing of sand.

SC gets strict with illegal river sand miners

•The Supreme Court has ordered prosecution under

Indian Penal Code for those found mining sand from

river banks and beds without a valid license.

•The order was given following a conflicting judgment

passed by the High Courts regarding the Mines and

Minerals Development and Regulation (MMDR) Act.

•While referring to the UNEP Global Environment Alert

Service Report, the Court has shown serious concern

over the ecological damage done to rivers through sand

mining.

Dilemma

•Recent times saw the tribunal’s jurisdiction being challenged by not only

litigants but even the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF).

•In an affidavit submitted to the Supreme Court, MoEF stated that the tribunal has

“exceeded its brief” and caused it “embarrassment” in Parliament.

• The Supreme Court even threatened to stay the operation of the tribunal due to

this hostile approach of the ministry. The affidavit was later withdrawn.

•It is important to observe that there is a sensitive line between the orders

passed by the NGT and those of the Supreme Court. NGT has succeeded in

bridging the gap between a Tribunal and the Apex Court of the country.

References

http://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/environmental-studies/what-is-the-role-of-judiciary-in-the-

environmental-protection.html

http://amoghavarsha.com/stories/western-ghats/

http://blog.scconline.com/post/2014/06/17/enactment-of-national-green-tribunal-act-would-not-bar-the-

constitution-of-appellate-authority-under-air-and-water-act.aspx

http://www.greentribunal.gov.in/Writereaddata/Downloads/NGT_Journal_Vol1.pdf

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Green-tribunal-exceeding-its-brief-Govt-to-

SC/articleshow/22527436.cms

http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/enablers/cel/national_green_tribunal/article_by_cel/

http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Green%20Tribunal/Final%20Version%20-

%20National%20Green%20Tribunal%20Bill.pdf http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-green-tribunal-bill-2009-740/ http://www.socialwatch.org/sites/default/files/swindia/Gujarat-Social-Watch-Report-2014.pdf http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/myths_facts.pdf http://envis.mse.ac.in/problems%20pdf/CNG%20CONTROVERSY.pdf https://in.news.yahoo.com/sc-wants-experts-at-helm-of-ganga-op-080923688.html?vp=1 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/stoi/Why-is-the-Taj-Trapezium-Zone-and-why-is-it-called-so/articleshow/3008537.cms

• National Green Tribunal Act 2010 • Report on Assessment of working of National Green Tribunal • Legislative Brief National Green Tribunal Bill, 2009

• National Green Tribunal International Journal on Environment Volume 1 of 2014.

• The Role of Judiciary in Promoting Sustainable Development: Need of Specialized Environment Court in India

by Km. Saroj Gupta Research scholar, Nehru gram Bharati University, Allahabad published in 2011.

• The Role of Indian Judiciary in Protection of Environment in India- A Critical and Analytical Role by S.M.

Rajan & Kamal Adhikari, published in International Journal of Basic And Advanced Research,2013; 2(2); 48-53

Thank You

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST (MoEF) UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM – INDIA -(UNDPI)

Submitted By – MUNNU JOSE

CONTENTS • HISTORY OF FORMATION OF MoEF • INTRODUCTION • OBJECTIVES • OFFICES UNDER MoEF • DIVISIONS OF MoEF • RULES/ACTS THAT EMPOWER THE ACTIONS OF

MoEF.

1966–1977 and 1980–1984

Indira Gandhi’s prime- ministership

• Introduced environmental debates into the national political agenda.

• The 4th Five Year Plan (1969–74 proclaimed “harmonious development on the basis of a comprehensive appraisal of environmental issues.”

1976

added Article 48A to the constitution.

• It states that “ The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.”

• The same decree gives the central government the power to overrule state decisions in this matter.

1985

• These political and constitutional changes prepared the groundwork for the creation of -

• Federal Department of Environment in 1980, turned into

• Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985

HISTORY OF FORMATION OF MoEF

The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the Central Government for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and implementation of India's environmental and forestry policies and programs. Nodal agency in the country for the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), South Asia Co-operative Environment Program (SACEP), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) The organizational structure of MoEF, It has two wings 1.Environmental Wing 2.Forest and Wildlife Wing

INTRODUCTION

THE BROAD OBJECTIVES OF THE MINISTRY ARE: • Conservation and survey of flora, fauna, forests and wildlife • Prevention and control of pollution • Afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas • Protection of the environment and • Ensuring the welfare of animals These objectives are well supported by a set of legislative and regulatory measures, • National conservation strategy and policy statement on environment and

development, 1992. • National forest policy ,1988. • Policy statement for abatement of pollution, 1992. • National Environment Policy, 2006. -also guide the Ministry's work.

OTHER OFFICES OF MoEF

VARIOUS ENVIS CENTERS ARE :

MAJOR DIVISIONS OF MoEF 1.CLIMATE CHANGE Prepares National Action Plan on Climate Change. National Consultation for State Action Plans on Climate Change.

Holds meetings and workshops. Delhi is the first Indian state to launch Action Plan on Climate Change.

2.CONTROL OF POLLUTION Programs of the Ministry related to prevention and control of pollution are 1.Environmental Statistics and Mapping 2.Development and Promotion of Cleaner Technologies 3.Adoption of Cleaner Technologies in Small Scale Industries 4.Waste Minimizing 5.Program for improvement of Quality of Automotive Fuels (Motor Gasoline and Diesel) for reducing Vehicular Pollution 6.Environmental Epidemiological Studies 7.Development of Standards etc.

3.CONSERVATION AND SURVEY

-National Wetland Conservation Program.

-Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.

-Biosphere Reserves.

-Botanical Gardens.

-Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.

-Biological Diversity Act etc.

4.DESERTIFICATION CELL.

-Prepares Desertification Atlas. -The Sustainable Land and Ecosystem Management (SLEM) Program - The objective of the SLEM is to promote sustainable land management and use of biodiversity as well as maintain the capacity of ecosystems to deliver goods and services while taking into account climate change

5.FOREST PROTECTION DIVISION -All Issues relating to forest protection. -Illicit felling of trees, deforestation & encroachment on forests land. -Pest & disease attack relating to forest protection -Implementation of the Centrally Sponsored Intensification of Forest Management Scheme during the 11th Five Year Plan.

6.WILDLIFE DIVISION Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats 1.Support to Protected Areas (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves) 2.Protection of Wildlife Outside Protected Areas 3.Recovery programs for saving critically endangered species and habitats. 7.NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION DIRECTORATE -Implementing the Centrally Sponsored Schemes of National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) -National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-systems’(NPCA) for conservation of rivers, lakes and wetlands in the country. 8. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DIVISION -Environmental Appraisal Committees have been constituted for the following sectors: Mining Projects Industrial Projects Thermal Power Projects River Valley, Multipurpose, Irrigation and H.E. Projects Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous Projects Nuclear Power Projects

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1981 and amended in 1987 to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in India. The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment. The Biological Diversity Act 2002, aims at the conservation of biological resources and associated knowledge as well as facilitating access to them in a sustainable manner. The Forest Conservation Act 1980 was enacted to help conserve the country's forests. It strictly restricts and regulates the de-reservation of forests or use of forest land for non-forest purposes without the prior approval of Central Govt. The Indian Forest Act, 1927 consolidates the law relating to forests, the transit of forest-produce and the duty leviable on timber and other forest-produce.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION TO UNDP (INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO) • OBJECTIVES • FUNCTIONS OF UNDP IN INDIA • ACTIONS WITH REGARD TO ENERGY AND

ENVIRONMENT • ACTIONS TAKEN TO ACHIEVE MGD’S

• The UNDP was founded on 1 January 1966 by merging the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance or EPTA and the United Nations Special Fund.

• The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is the United

Nations' global development network. • Headquartered in New York City. • UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member

nations. • The organization has country offices in 177 countries, where it works

with local governments to meet development challenges. • UNDP works internationally to help countries achieve the Millennium

Development Goals.

INTRODUCTION TO UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

UNDP

Poverty reduction/

Democratic Governance

Crisis prevention

and recovery

Energy

and environment

Women’s empowerment and inclusion

Human development

OBJECTIVES OF UNDP FUNCTIONS OF UNDP IN INDIA • Helps in fulfilling

Government’ s objective of inclusive growth.

• Helps India to achieve the global Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

• Helps to achieve national objectives articulated in consecutive Five-Year Plans.

• Helps to improve the lives of the poorest women and men, the marginalized and the disadvantaged in India.

ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY

Key areas of interventions are : • LOW CARBON TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH. • ACTIONS REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE (mitigation and adaptation), • SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (conserving

biodiversity and addressing land degradation) and • INTEGRATED CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT (phasing out of ozone

depleting substances and reducing persistent organic pollutants).

1.LOW CARBON TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH • 40 percent of India’s households remain without electricity. • UNDP works with key ministries to improve access to clean energy,

especially in rural and remote areas. • Focuses on enhancing efficiency in energy intensive sectors like transport,

commercial and residential sectors. • Government efforts to remove market barriers to enhance the use of

renewable energy technologies.

2.CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY • UNDP assists the government in preparing and implementing Climate

Change Action Plans. • In partnership with the Ministry of Environment and Forests, UNDP has

developed a common framework that serves as a guide to states preparing climate change action plans.

3. PROTECTING INDIA’S BIODIVERSITY • India is one of the top ten species diverse countries in the world. • UNDP’s assistance in two states- Madhya Pradesh and Orissa- has

expanded the scope of ‘Protected Areas’ and linked conservation with community development.

• UNDP assists in effective implementation of India’s Biological Diversity Act, the guiding framework for biodiversity conservation in the country.

• Ecosystem-based micro enterprises developed under UNDP projects have increased incomes of poor rural communities in India.

• Mainstreaming Coastal and Marine Biodiversity into Production Sectors in Sindhudurg Coast in Maharashtra (Jan 2011-Dec 2016)

-In partnership with the MoEF, financed by the Global Environment Facility, - generate awareness among local communities on biodiversity conservation amidst the threat of unsustainable fishing practices, rising pollution from fishing vessels and maritime traffic in the region.

• Conservation and Sustainable use of Gulf Of Mannar Biosphere Reserve’s Coastal Biodiversity (2002-2013)

-in partnership with the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India demonstrates the possibilities of sustainable community-led conservation of coastal areas, and integration of conservation activities in coastal zone management plans.

• Sustainable Urban Transport Program. -The project, in partnership with the Ministry of Urban Development, -Aims to reduce urban transport emissions causing environmental damage. The project will also demonstrate sustainable urban transport models in 10 cities in the country.

• Biomass Energy for Rural India. -In partnership with the Department of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Government of Karnataka, aims at overcoming barriers in promoting the use of renewable and bio-energy technologies by rural communities.

VARIOUS PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY UNDP

8 MDG’S

7th MDG

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-12)

UNDP helps the Government to fulfill

targets to achieve

MDG VII.

• Increase forest and tree cover by 5 %. • Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011–12. • Treat all urban waste water by 2011–12 to clean river waters. • Clean drinking water to be available for all by 2009. • Increase energy efficiency by 20 % by 2016–17. • Ensure electricity connection to all villages and Below Poverty Line

households by 2009 and reliable power by the end of the Plan. • Ensure all-weather road connections to all habitations with population of

1000 and above (500 and above in hilly and tribal areas) by 2009.

VARIOUS TARGETS OF 11th FIVE YEAR PLAN TO ACHIEVE 7th MDG -

THANK YOU

“As we destroy the ecological and social community in our

countryside, we increase the threshold of violence and decrease

our capacity for compassion.”

- Vandana Shiva, 2005

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION

Jasprit Kaur

3rd Semester, Master of Planning with specialization in Environmental Planning

School of Planning and Architecture

New Delhi

Structure of the Presentation

•Introduction to Vandana Shiva

•Field of Work

•Important revelations made by her

•Why do we need to know about Environmental Activists like

her?

VANDANA SHIVA: •World renowned environmental thinker and

activist

•Leader at the International Forum of

Globalization

•Winner of the Right Livelihood Award in

1993

•Director of Navdanya and the Research

Foundation for Science, Technology, and

Natural Resource Policy

•Author and Editor of various books : The

violence of the Green Revolution, India

divided etc.

FIELD OF WORK

Genetically Modified Crops

Water

Farming Practices

in India

Climate Change

Nuclear

Energy

Important issues raised and

addressed:

1. True connotation of

DEVELOPMENT

2. SEZs : sustainable answer to

India’s growth trajectory ?

3. Nuclear energy may not be the

answer to all our energy

problems

4. Interlinking of rivers

5. Climate change : Carbon

trading and Kyoto Protocol –

are they actual solutions ?

Why is it important for

ENVIRONMENTAL

PLANNERS ?

That’s what we will be

expected to support

Question the growth

paradigm promoted

Observe long term effects

–broaden our horizon

Question the solutions

provided by the

DEVELOPED countries

SHE questions the connotation of Development in today’s

world:

• In biology, Development:

SELF-DIRECTED, SELF-REGULATED & SELF-

ORGANIZED evolution from within

•In today’s context, Development is an externally driven

process. It must be dependant on external resources, energy

& money.

Living Systems are thus transformed into Mechanical

systems – which also inhibits sustainable functioning.

“Only if we could adopt the natural definition of development”

SEZ- A land grabbing tool

Inspired from China, this is why Vandana Shiva thinks SEZs are “land grabbers”

CONSTRUCTION OF REACTOR

• Each nuclear reactor emits 20 million tons of CO2 in its construction

EXTRACTION OF URANIUM

• Because most of the Uranium deposits are low grade, almost 100,000 tons of rock have to be mined to produce a ton of uranium

• A standard reactor needs 100 tons

PROCESSING OF URANIUM

• Extraction and enrichment uses halogenated compounds which are 10,000 times more potent GHGs than CO2

NUCLEAR ENERGY: Is it a sustainable solution?

WASTE GENERATION

• Waste generated holds 95% of radioactivity

• 1000 MW nuclear power reactor produces 30 tons of waste/year

INDIA’S URANIUM

• Jaduguda mine (Jharkhand) impacts 30,000 people living in 15 villages within a 15km radius

• After U extraction, 99% of the mined rock is left as waste-consists of thorium-230, radium-226, radon-222

“CLEAN cannot be measured only in terms of CO2 emissions. It has to include all

ecological risks from cradle to grave. “

- VANDANA SHIVA

Inferences: Nuclear Power also needs to be used with equal

caution and sensitivity- owing to the fact that it’s

repercussions effect generations

INTERLINKING OF RIVERS

What ?

•One of the largest infrastructure project ever undertaken in the world

•To transfer water from the surplus river basins to ease the water

shortages in western and southern India while mitigating the impacts of

recurrent floods in Eastern India

•It will build 30 links and some 3000 storages to connect 37 Himalayan

and Peninsular rivers to form a gigantic South Asian water grid.

•The canals, planned to be 50 to 100 meters wide and more than 6 meters

deep, would facilitate navigation

Vandana Shiva’s response:

" The project is based on the false assumptions that water from surplus

rivers can be diverted to deficit rivers. The truth is there are no surplus or

deficit rivers. There are only living and dead rivers. Rivers live

where river basins have been ecologically

managed."

“You may link them today but once the rivers start

changing their course after a few decades then the entire

project would be in vain.

There would be loss of biodiversity, reduction in

downstream flows, damage to fisheries and wild life,

displacement of people, conflicts over water sharing and

pressure created on land by cubic tonnes of water that

might cause seismic tremors.

“A dam constructed at the Sharda-Yamuna link in Haryana

is going to create a load of 500 billion tonnes on the uphill

side making the surface tremor-prone due to this load.”

Its not only the river, but an entire ecoSYSTEM that

would get affected

It might be possible to engineer the relocation of a river,

but this will not address the ecological issues associated

with the river

Globalization V/S CO2 emissions – How adequate are the

current mechanisms that address Climate Change ?

COUNTRY National

CO2

emissions

Per capita

CO2

emissions

U.S.A 5.75 Billion

tons

22 tons

CHINA 6.2 Billion

tons

4.7 tons

Shiva .V, 2009

•In a global economy, setting

emission levels for each country is

inappropriate:

1. Not every citizen contributes to

pollution

2. Corporations, not nations are

appropriate for regulating

atmospheric pollution

•Emission trading schemes do not

exactly help reduce pollution – but

instead provide quotas for countries

to accommodate their pollution

levels and if they aren’t able to they

can always “buy” this right of theirs

from developing countries ( Annex II)

Therefore,

•Our focus shouldn’t be confined to Carbon trading, Nuclear

energy

•Instead promote the tax on the use of fossil fuels

•COMMERCE should work within the laws of Ecological

Sustainability and social justice

•Address the consumption

patterns:

its not only about managing

wastes but producing less waste as the first step

SO, WE DO NEED TO READ ABOUT HER/OTHER

ACTIVISTS..

BECAUSE……

•Simulate our thought process towards critical environmental

phenomena

•Help us question the manner in which these issues are

addressed

•Help us substantiate our work

•Help us rethink the way we design our policies

•Since they work at grass-root levels, help portray a more

realistic picture

REFERENCES

Shiva. V, 2008. ‘Soil Not Oil’. Women Unlimited, New Delhi

Shiva. V, 2005. ‘ India Divided’.

Shiva, Vandana (2003). River Linking: False Assumptions,

Flawed Recipes. New Delhi,Navdanya.

http://www.navdanya.org/articles/false_assumptions.htm

Shiva. V, 2010. ‘ The Great Indian Land Grab’. Navdanya. New

Delhi

www.navdanya.org

http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/08/25/seeds-of-doubt

www.vandanashiva.com

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

(C.S.R U.N & INDIAN PERSPECTIVE)

Tauseef EP/286

M.Planning in Environmental Planning 3rd Semester.

School Of Planning & Architecture Delhi.

MAIN CONCEPTS OF CSR

CSR (Carrol, 1979)

Firms have responsibilities to societies including economic, legal,

ethical and discretionary (or philanthropic).

Social Contract (Donaldson, 1982; Donaldson and Dunfee,

1999) – There is a tacit social contract between the firm and

society; the contract bestows certain rights in exchange for

certain responsibilities.

Stakeholder Theory (Freeman, 1984) – A stakeholder is “any group

or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of an

organisation’s purpose.” Argues that it is in the company’s strategic

interest to respect the interests of all its stakeholders.

• Concepts, key issues

• Key CSR drivers

• Implications for enterprise

• Implications for development

FRAME WORK OF PRESENTATION FOR U.N

(UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE FOR TRADE &

DEVELOPMENT UNCTAD)

U.N PERSPECTIVE

MAIN CONCEPTS OF CSR

CSR = Political Economy The rights and responsibilities assigned to private

industry.

CSR is generally understood as being the way

through which a company achieves a balance of

economic, environmental and social imperatives

(“Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach”), while at the

same time addressing the expectations of

shareholders and stakeholders.

KEY ISSUES IN CSR

Economic conditions and Labor rights:

responsible sourcing,

stakeholder engagement

child labor

forced labor

safety and health

Environmental conditions

environmental management

eco-efficiency

Social conditions

job creation

public revenues

employee and community relations

gender balance

human rights & social equity

KEY DRIVERS OF CSR

Around the world

• NGO Activism

• Responsible investment

• Litigation

• Gov & IGO initiatives

Developing Countries

•NGO Activism

•Domestic consumers

• FDI

• Government & IGO

IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT

(ENTERPRISES)

New social and product liability

patterns

Development of Codes of

Conduct and CSR reporting

Expanding sphere of influence

Application of Code of Conduct to

value chain

CSR management: value chain

management = compliance

management

The Extended Firm

Regional Plants / JV Partners

Suppliers / Distributors

CSR Drivers

Transnational Corporations

Implications for Enterprises:

CSR Management

How do companies address socio-environmental &

legal compliance issues?

• Policies - Code of Conduct

• Systems - Compliance Management

• Reporting - Accounting and Reporting

CSR Management:

Plan, Do, Check, Act method

Plan

• Consult stakeholders

• Establish code of conduct

• Set targets

Do

• Establish management

systems and personnel

• Promote code compliance

Check

• Measure progress

• Audit

• Report

Act

• Corrective action

• Reform of systems

SPHERE OF INFLUENCE

Who – is to be influenced?

SPHERE OF INFLUENCE

What – issues are to be influenced?

Environment

Sphere of Influence

How – are those issues to be influenced?

Compliance Management:

Management by certification

ISO 14000 by Region

Europe

Far East

N. America

Aust./ New

Zealand

S. America

Africa/ W.

Asia

• Introduced 1998

• By 2005: 763 factories,

47 countries

• Introduced 1995

• By 2002: 37,000 factories,

112 countries

SA 8000 by Region

Asia

Europe

N.

America

S.

AmericaAfricaSource : UNCTAD REPORT 2008

CSR Management:

CSR reporting becomes ‘mainstream’

% of Large Firms Issuing a CSR Report

64%

Source : UNCTAD REPORT 2008

CSR Management:

Emerging standards in CSR Reporting

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) A multi-stakeholder initiative

International Standards of

Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) A project of UNCTAD

IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT

CSR ‘cascade effect’ on members of the global value chain

labour conditions (e.g. OSH, right to organise, wages)

environmental controls

transfer of new management techniques

Compensation for weak legal environment in LDCs

Impact on economic development & national competitiveness???

IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT:

IS CSR GOOD FOR GROWTH?

David Henderson

“[CSR]’s adoption would reduce competition and economic

freedom, and undermine the market economy.”

Implications for Development:

Experiments in quantification

R2 = 0.6079

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

National Corporate Responsibility Index (2003 Score)

Lab

or

Co

st

per

wo

rker

in m

an

ufa

ctu

rin

g

($ p

er

year,

1990-1

994)

Indonesia Costa Rica

Does an increase in CSR correspond with an

increase in labour costs?

Source: UNCTAD, 2008

Implications for Development:

Experiments in quantification Relationship between CSR & GDP?

-4.0%

-2.0%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

National Corporate Responsibility Index (2003 Score)

Real G

DP

Gro

wth

Avg

era

ge 1

991-2

001

China

Turkey

New Zealand

Thailand

Russia

Ireland

Indonesia

Source:U. N report 2005

Source: UNCTAD, 2008

CSR INDIAN CONTEXT

• Government is playing the role of facilitator for Public and private sector enterprises to undertake CSR as an integrated endeavor

• Few landmarks:

— Ex PM’s Ten Point Social Charter

— Voluntary Guidelines on CSR, 2009

From the year 2010-11, the Department of Public Enterprises, India has substantially incentivised Sustainable Development &

CSR for Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs);

— National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities 2011 (NVGs: the revised, elaborated version of 2009 CSR Guidelines )

— Planning Commission and Task Force on Business Regulation

Role of GOI in promoting CSR.

• Proposal by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on

Finance (August 2010)

– Every company having a net worth of € 70 million

or more, turnover of € 140 million or more, or a net

profit of € 0.7 million or more, during a year, shall

be required to spend every year at least 2% of the

company’s average net profit during the three

immediately preceding financial years, on CSR

activities of the company’s choosing

Role of GOI in promoting CSR contd…..

Principle 1: Ethics, Transparency and

Accountability

Principle 2: Providing Goods and

Services that are

Sustainable over entire Life Cycle

Principle 3: Well-being of Employees

Principle 4: Being Responsive towards

Stakeholders, especially the disadvantaged

Principle 5: Respecting and

Promoting Human Rights

Principle 6: Protecting and Restoring the Environment

Principle 7: Responsible Policy

Advocacy that enhances

Public Good

7 Principals of CSR in Indian Context.

NVG’S(NATIONAL VOLUNTARY

GUIDELINES): NEXT STEPS

Advocacy and capacity building of multipliers (various

ministries/government agencies, financial sector,

business associations, consumers etc)

Sector specific guidelines/guidance

Disclosure Framework

Audit/Assurance

25

DISCLOSURE FRAMEWORK : GUIDELINES

FOR DRAFTING

Should be conforming to the NVGs

Should suit the requirements of the

Companies Bill 2011

Should be designed in the form of an

electronic form to be filed under MCA 21

Should take into account the frameworks

already being used

26

DISCLOSURE FRAMEWORK: OBJECTIVES

Help companies to understand the ethos of NVG in context of implementation

Help companies establish internal processes as well as identify deficiencies

Assist in providing aggregated data on corporate social responsibility performance to aid policy formulation/research

Assist the stakeholders to review/assess CSR performance

27

DISCLOSURE FRAMEWORK: BASIC STRUCTURE

Section A: General Information about the

Company

Section B: Financial Details of the Company

Section C: Other Details

Section D: Business Responsibility Information

Section E: NVG Principle-wise performance

28

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) mandates top 100 companies by market capitalization to submit Annual Business Responsibility Reports based on the NVGs as part of Annual Reports

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) draft on Corporate Environmental Responsibility takes into account the NVGs

The Planning Commission of India includes NVGs as the common framework for Business Responsibility in its manufacturing Plan for the next Plan Period

GRI to draw complementariness between the NVGs and GRI Reporting Framework

29

CSR INITIATIVE BY OIL INDIA LIMITED. Vision Statement

“OIL is a Responsible Corporate Citizen deeply committed to socio-economic

development in its areas of operations

Summary of Various CSR initiatives

Social Survey: OIL conducted a social survey through Dibrugarh University in

the year 1983 (in its operational areas in the North-East) to evolve a CSR

Strategy. Based on the recommendation of the survey, the Company

introduced a scheme entitled Social Welfare Programme (SWP) in 1984 and

later on another scheme called Areas Development Scheme (ADS) in 1996.

The SWP policy places OIL’s commitment of protecting the environment,

upliftment of education, Health and socio-economic Development a topmost

priority.

Health: OIL’s Mobile Dispensary services: The mobile hospital services of

OIL have always been one of the most significant community welfare

projects of the Company. Today, the team of doctors and paramedical staff

of OIL hospital cater to the basic medical needs of the villages in and

around OIL’s operational areas.

CSR OIL INDIA CONTD….

Mobile Hospital facility Rupantar SWP by OIL.

Handicraft training

and production centre

for women skill

development &

employment.

Save Our Tigers

Aircel’s tag line to bring alive the cause, ‘Just 1411 left, Save Our Tigers’, hit a chord

in the hearts and minds of millions of Indians and evolved into a brand unto itself.

People began to rally for the cause and started lending their voices towards it.

AIRCEL “SAVE TIGER” CSR INITIATIVE

AIRCEL “SAVE TIGER” CSR INITIATIVE

Projects with WWF- India: Aircel began active on ground support work in 2008 with

WWF- India. Post a project- donor match, we conceptualized and put to practice two

projects, detailed below:

Support Initiative Fund - In this project, we worked across all the tiger reserves in the

country, extending infrastructure and capacity support on a need basis.

Conservation of Tigers in Assam: The state of Assam has one of the highest

densities of Tiger populations in the country, but also has very high human- animal

conflict. Aircel concentrated on capacity building here, carrying out extensive work on

training of forest guards in anti-poaching measures, infrastructure build up within

the tiger reserves and in securing corridors.

Conflict mitigation in Sunderbans: The Sunderbans is known for one of the

healthiest Tiger populations, but in the recent years has had an increase in incidents

of Human- Animal conflicts due to Habitat destruction along with increase in

population. In an attempt to negate this, Aircel along with WWF-India worked in a

conflict mitigation project in the Sunderbans. They put into use several solar lamps

and a unique technologically advanced trapping cage to capture Tigers that stray

into human habitation and thereby prevent harm to them.

CSR INDIAN CONTEXT A BRIEF

National Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility (NFCSR)

IICA-GIZ partnership focused on adoption and capacity development of multipliers for NVGs

Building synergies among diverse stakeholders and instruments to mainstream responsible business practices through an integrated approach

The CSR agenda has five elements:

Create a new narrative for corporate philanthropy as an investment in society

Develop an inclusive “operating system” for philanthropic investment

Professionalize the field

Improve collaboration, communication, and knowledge sharing

Mobilize “field level” leadership behind this agenda

United Nations conference on Human settlement,1972(Stockholm conference) To discuss status

of Human environment &Human interactions with environment.

UNEP: United nations environment program

To examine the world’s growing environmental and development problems with a view to making recommendations to national govt. and international bodies.

UNEP work encompasses: •Assessing global, regional and national environmental conditions and trends •Developing international and national environmental instruments •Strengthening institutions for the wise management of the environment

Issues regarding the atmosphere, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, environmental governance and green economy

UNEP, established in 1972, •is the voice for the environment within the United Nations system. • UNEP acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable development of the global environment.

Developing • international environmental conventions , •promoting environmental science and information •way those can be implemented of policy with national governments, regional institutions in conjunction with environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) UNEP has also been active in funding and implementing environment related development projects

UNEP has aided in the formulation of guidelines and treaties on issues such as •the international trade in potentially harmful chemicals, •trans boundary air pollution, •And contamination of international waterways. •The World Meteorological Organization and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988

UNEP is also one of several Implementing Agencies •for the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and • the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, •and it is also a member of the United Nations Development Group

UNEP's main activities are related to climate change;

including the Territorial Approach to Climate Change(TACC);

•disasters and conflicts; •ecosystem management; •environmental governance; •environment under review; •harmful substances; and •resource efficiency.

Notable world projects sponsored the development of solar loan programs The most famous example is the solar loan program sponsored by UNEP helping 100,000 people finance solar power systems in India. UNEP sponsors the Marshlands project in the Middle East that helps to protect the largest marshland in the Middle East Glaciers shrinking Glaciers are shrinking at record rates and many could disappear within decades, the U.N. Environment Programme said on March 16, 2008.

oceans and coasts

Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain

most of the world's biodiversity

Forests

freshwater ecosystems.

it is also concerned with endangered species, pollution and climate change.

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)

Issues: conservation, research and restoration of the environment,

non-governmental organization founded on April 26 1961, formerly named the World

Wildlife Fund,

It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over •5 million supporters worldwide, •working in more than 100 countries, •supporting around 1,300

conservation and environmental projects.

The group's mission is "to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature."

History The idea for a fund on behalf of endangered animals was initially proposed by Victor Stolan to Sir Julian Huxley in response to articles he published in the British newspaper The Observer.

an initial focus on the protection of endangered species its operations expanded into other areas such as the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of natural resources, the reduction of pollution, and climate change.

In 1986, the organization changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature, to better reflect the scope of its activities, In the 1990s, WWF revised its mission to: “Stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: • conserving the world's biological diversity • ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable • promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.”

The Critical Regions Approach Priority species Reducing India’s Global Footprint

The overall objectives under which these activties are undertaken are: •Tiger populations in priority landscapes are conserved for posterity •Elephant populations and their habtiats are secured in Terai Arc Landscape, North Bank Landscape, Kaziranga Karbi Anglong Landscape and Western Ghats Nilgiris Landscape •Distribution of rhinos in North Bank Landscape, Kaziranga Karbi Anglong Landscape and Terai Arc Landscape is expanded to ensure long term survival •Conserve populations and habitats of red panda, snow leopard and Nilgiri tahr •Innovative and scalable models of community based conservation, sustainable livelihoods, and institutional partnerships are established in all landscapes •Landscape and forest conservation priorities are integrated into state development plans and policy advocacy undertaken for forest, species and habitat conservation

WWF-India

Priority species

Reducing Footprint •Climate Change and Energy •Rivers for Life, Life for Rivers •Sustainable Business •Sustainable Fisheries •Sustainable Forestry •Sustainable Agriculture

International Union for Conservation of Nature •International organization •Dedicated to finding "pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.” •The Union's headquarters are located in Gland ,Switzerland , near Geneva.

"a just world that values and conserves nature"

IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental network—a democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries.

Its mission is to

"influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable"

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species

e

Sir Julian Huxley

• IUCN began when the first Director General of UNESCO, Sir Julian Huxley, sponsored a congress to establish a new environmental institution to help serve this purpose

first congress

(held at Fontainebleau, France), on 5 October

1948.

• At that first congress (held at Fontainebleau, France), on 5 October 1948, 18 governments, 7 international organizations, and 107 national nature conservation organizations all agreed to form the institution and signed a "constitutive act" creating an International Union for the Protection of Nature

to better preserve

their flora

and fauna

• to explore and promote mutually beneficial conservation arrangements that suit those promoting development as well as assisting people and nations to better preserve their flora and fauna.

How to safeguard protected areas and threatened species?

Working with rather than against local people became a major working principle for IUCN

When approached in 1978 by primatologist Richard Wrangham to contribute funds to the new Digit Fund to prevent further poaching of mountain gorillas near Dian Fossey's Karisoke Research Station in Rwanda, the International Union for Conservation of Nature declined to provide funds to the cause. Instead, IUCN supported opening the Virunga Volcanoes to tourism as a way to encourage the Rwandan government to preserve the gorillas.

The percentage of species in several groups which are listed as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable on the 2007 IUCN Red List

The IUCN Red List is set upon precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. The aim is to convey the urgency of conservation issues to the public and policy makers, as well as help the international community to try to reduce species extinction.

Extinct (EX) – No known individuals remaining. Extinct in the wild (EW) – Known only to survive in captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its historic range. Critically endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Endangered(EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild. Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild. Near threatened (NT) – Likely to become endangered in the near future. Least concern(LC) – Lowest risk. Does not qualify for a more at risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. Data deficient(DD) – Not enough data to make an assessment of its risk of extinction. Not evaluated (NE) – Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria

Some key dates in the growth and development of this organization include:[

1956: Name very soon changed from International Union for the Preservation of Nature (IUPN) to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) 1956: IUCN creates the IYF= "International Youth Federation for the Study and Conservation of Nature", which creates in 1983 YEE=Youth Environment Europe.

1959: UNESCO decides to create an international list of Nature Parks and equivalent reserves, and the United Nations Secretary General asks the IUCN to prepare this list. 1961: After more than a decade of funding difficulties, eminent science and business personalities (including Sir Julian Huxley) decide to set up a complementary fund (the World Wildlife Fund) to focus on fund raising, public relations, and increasing public support for nature conservation. 1969: IUCN obtains a grant from the Ford Foundation which enables it to boost, substantially, its international secretariat. 1972: UNESCO adopts the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the IUCN is invited to provide technical evaluations and monitoring

1974: IUCN is involved in obtaining the agreement of its members to sign a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), whose secretariat was originally lodged with the IUCN 1975: The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention) comes into force, and its secretariat is administered from the IUCN's headquarters 1980: IUCN (together with the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Wide Fund for Nature) collaborate with UNESCO to publish a World Conservation Strategy 1982: Following IUCN preparation and efforts, the United Nations General Assembly adopts the World Charter for Nature 1990: Began using the name World Conservation Union as the official name, while continuing using IUCN as its abbreviation. This name change proved to be short-lived. 1993: IUCN (together with United Nations Environment Programme and the World Wide Fund for Nature) publishes Caring for the Earth 2001: Establishment of the IUCN Business and Biodiversity Programme 2008: Stopped using World Conservation Union as its official name and reverted its name back to International Union for Conservation of Nature 2008: More than 6,600 leaders from government, the public sector, non-governmental organizations, business, UN agencies and social organizations attended IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona, Spain.

Role of Educationist in

Environmental Protection

and Management

Aastha Aggarwal

EP/289

An educationist is a person who is versed in theories or who advocates and

promotes education.

There are many educationist who had played vital role in management and

protection of environment by

Organising research institutes and writing artticles. Like Anil Aggarwal (CSE), Ms. Rashneh N.

Pardiwala and Mrs. Kitayun Rustom (CERE)

By serving academic institutions of environmental science. Like R.K. Pachauri (TERI)

By playing the role as an activist and safeguarding the environment . Like Madhav

Gadgill, Vandana Shiva etc.

ORGANISING RESEARCH AND TRAINING

PROGRAMMES

Anil Agarwal (Founder of Centre of Science and

Environment)

1980• Founded the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) in New Delhi.

• The CSE highlighted environmental risks by journal, Down to Earth

1982• His reports on The State of India’s Environment, portray the environment

as a political problem partly reflecting international and class-based divisions of power and wealth.

• Studied Mechanical Engineering from IIT Kanpur

1973• Became a science correspondent at the Hindustan Times.

1974• He wrote about the Chipko movement and won the first A.H. Boerma Award given

by the United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organisation in Rome

• Under a campaign entitled ‘Making Water Everyone’s Business’, the CSE supported experiments in water harvesting and land management in Sukhomajri in Haryana, Ralegan Siddhi in Maharashtra and the TarunBharat Sangh in Rajasthan.

• He argued that creating knowledge about environmental problems should not be left to experts in developed countries.

• Criticized the tendency for some analysts to assume that anthropogenic climate change should be addressed by controlling deforestation in developing countries.

• Worked on this theme during the approach to the 1992 Rio Earth Summit and facilitated the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and Convention on Biological Diversity.

The writings of Anil Agarwal has created awareness among the people about the

environmental issues. His writings enlightened people about the social issues as

one of the factor for environmental problems. Today CSE is an organization which

is playing an important role in environmental protection and management.

Ms. Rashneh N. Pardiwala (Established The Centre for

Environmental Research & Education ,CERE)

• An Ecologist from the University of Edinburgh

• Specialized in the field of Climate Change

2002

• Founder & Director of the Centre for Environmental Research and Education (CERE), a Mumbai-based non-profit organization

• Works to promote environmental sustainability through formal education, corporate partnerships, public awareness campaigns and legal advocacy.

2005

• One of the youngest ‘Social Entrepreneur for Change’ and was awarded the Ashoka Fellowship

2009

• Dr. Pardiwala was selected as one of Asia’s 21 Young Leaders and conferred the Asia Society Fellowship

CERE team members worked in the field of education for many years for a varied

audience be it governmental, corporate or educational organisations.

CERE conduct Teacher Training programs on the following topics

Environmental Education in Action

This would cover the Why (Purpose), What (Content) and How (Method) of

Environmental Education

Green Sustainable Schools

It focus on how a school can become sustainable in all aspects of its working.

Climate Change Education

This would explain the topic of Climate Change together with the mitigation

strategies and how these could be implemented in schools.

Art and Craft with Waste

An excellent program that would lead schools to working at resource conservation

and help schools use waste for all their art and craft work and for projects and for

bulletin board displays.

Duration of these courses would be for 1 day to 3 days. CERE would need at least a

month’s notice before conducting the course.

PROMOTING INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING DEGREE

COURSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

R.K. Pachauri (Director of TERI and Chancellor of TERI

University)

1958

• Mechanical engineering from Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Bihar

1972

• MS in Industrial Engineering from North Carolina State University in Raleigh, USA

1974

• PhD with co-majors in Industrial Engineering and Economics

1974-81

• Served as professor in international to national educational institutes.

1982

• Joined The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI) as Director

2002

• Elected Chairman of the United Nations established Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

2002

• Convinces that the world must be really ambitious and very determined at moving toward a 350 target.

2007

• IPCC shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former US Vice-President Al Gore.

2005• Conceptualized and launched Lighting a Billion Lives Initiative.

2009-12

• Has held numerous academic positions and was the Founding Director of the Yale (University) Climate and Energy Institute (YCEI)

R.K. Pachauri has played an important role by serving national and international

academic institutions at different positions. He is known for his contribution

towards the climate change research. With TERI, many environmental and social

issues have been solved. TERI university providing environmental courses to

different disciplines will enable in provision of skilled professionals in the field of

sustainable development.

1998

• Chancellor of TERI University is the first of its kind in India to dedicate itself to the study of environment, energy and natural sciences for sustainable development.

PLAYING ROLE AS AN ACTIVIST AND SAFEGUARDING

THE ENVIRONMENT

Vandana Shiva (Indian environmental activist and anti-

globalization author)

1977

• Pursued an M.A. in the philosophy of science at the University of Guelph (Ontario, Canada)

1978

• She completed and received her PhD in the philosophy of science at the University of Western Ontario.

• interdisciplinary research in science, technology, and environmental policy at the Indian Institute of Science and the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore.

1984

• Her work on agriculture started in 1984 after the violence in Punjab and the gas leak in Bhopal from Union Carbide's pesticide manufacturing plant

• promote biodiversity in agriculture to increase productivity, nutrition, farmer's incomes and climate resilience.

1987

• Founded the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology

1990

• Founded as a board member of theWomen's Environment & Development Organization (WEDO)

• Vandana Shiva plays a major role in the global Ecofeminist movement.

1991

• Creation of Navdanya, a national movement to protect the diversity and integrity of living resources, especially native seed, the promotion of organic farming and fair trade

• Resulted in conservation of more than 2000 rice varieties from all over the country and have established 111 seed banks in 17 states across the country

Vandana Shiva , being an activist played an important role in field of sustainable

farming. With the movement of Navdanya, It is enable to acknowledge the farmers

about seed sovereignty, food sovereignty and sustainable agriculture. Played an

important role in upliftment of Women farmers and receiver “Right Livelihood Award’

in 1993. Vandana Shiva has spent much of her life in the defence and celebration of

biodiversity and indigenous knowledge and thus helps in provision of sustainable

environment.

The educationist have used their knowledge and experience

in environment protection. By playing roles in different

characters, they acknowledge the people and enlightened

the world about different environmental issues. Through

different tools and techniques, they are helping in

Environmental Protection and Management.

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT BY FUNDING AGENCIES (ADB)

PRASANNA KUMAR .DUNNA

EP/290

OVERVIEW

India has been a founding member of ADB since its establishment in

1966. During 1986 the initial stages of India's economic reforms ADB

commenced operations in the country and became a partner in its

development efforts India's economic reforms . ADB's first set of

operations were designed to match the early priorities of the reform

agenda, assisting with the infrastructure and foreign exchange

requirements.

While continuing to support India’s endeavors to reduce poverty through

infrastructure-led growth, ADB’s India program has developed and

matured over the years in terms of its sector, geographic, and thematic

coverage, in line with the government's evolving priorities and increasing

focus on inclusive and sustainable growth. Besides continuing its

support for core infrastructure sectors, such as energy, transport, and

urban services, ADB is now engaged in innovations in infrastructure

finance and improving water resources management, agribusiness

infrastructure development, and skills development.

During 1986-2000, ADB confined much of its

assistance to core infrastructure sectors

such as energy, transport, private sector

investment facilitation, housing finance

and capital market development.

Towards the end of this period, ADB began to

broaden the focus of its finance sector

operations by helping fiscally stressed

states in the area of fiscal reform.

From 2007, ADB began to experiment with

projects promoting integrated water

resource management, agribusiness

infrastructure, and financial inclusion.

Recognizing the employment generation

potential of rural cooperatives and Khadi

and Village Industries.

STRATEGY

The country partnership strategy (CPS), 2013-2017, for India supports its

12th Five Year Plan to create jobs for youth, enhances on-going

investment reforms, and improves infrastructure in critical areas, such

as energy, transport, urban services and water.

The strategy combines physical investments with knowledge products to

target emerging issues such as urbanization, water scarcity, climate

change, emission controls, internet connectivity, vocational training,

and the development of capital markets.

Thematic approach

ADB assistance strives to support cross cutting thematic goals. Key ones

include achieving growth that is inclusive and

environmentally sustainable;

promoting private sector development and PPP;

encouraging gender equity;

building capacity, especially among executing agencies operating in the

infrastructure domain; and

supporting regional cooperation.

(technical, financial, and policy/institutional of infrastructure development in

the transport, energy, urban, and agriculture and natural resources sectors. )

Environmental sustainability

ADB operations have been supporting environmental sustainability through its

operations across various sectors which include:

Expansion of clean and renewable energy development (including solar,

hydro, wind, and development and diffusion of new technologies for low

carbon development).

Enhancing energy efficiency (including demand side management

through feeder separation, reduction of transmission and distribution

losses, smart grids and end-use efficiencies, and efficient pumps)

Supporting development of environmental and climate change policy

and regulatory frameworks and strengthening compliance and enforcement

of environmental laws and regulations.

Supporting integrated water resources management to improve water

productivity and irrigation efficiency and sector resilience to climate

change, including irrigation development.

Promoting coastal zone, river and watershed management and flood

risk management.

Promoting the expansion of railways and sustainable urban mass transit

systems.

Investing in modern sanitation, solid waste, and wastewater

management.

TRANSPORT

The transport sector comprises a

diverse network of roads, railways,

inland waterways, ports, coastal

shipping and airways.

A well-developed transport network not

only bridges the rural-urban divide but

also improves access to health and

education services and new

employment opportunities.

key strategies:

Supporting the development of sustainable

urban transport options for the growing urban

population.

Development of pedestrian-related

infrastructure and infrastructure for improving

safety associated with passenger transport.

ADB will help set up a mechanism for

measuring and monitoring carbon emission

reductions, in order to claim carbon credits

under the UNFCCC Clean Development

Mechanism scheme.

ENERGY

The challenges for the sector

Generation capacity and fuel availability

Tariff management

Distribution subsector

Renewable energy generation

Rural electrification

Energy efficiency

key strategies:

In its efforts to encourage renewable energy

generation and support private sector energy

projects, ADB has supported several wind power

projects in the states of Gujarat and Karnataka.

ADB will explore development of renewable

energy using innovative and new technologies,

and knowledge products.

URBAN

The process of urbanization underway

in India represents a historical

opportunity for achieving high, inclusive

and sustainable growth. Realizing the

promise of urbanization, however,

requires meeting several challenges.

Investments and fund availability

Institutional frameworks and

governance structures

Urban planning

ADB’s initiatives in urban public

transport will help in mitigation of

greenhouse gas emissions in these

cities, thereby contributing towards

addressing climate change

concerns.

AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

During the 11th plan period (2007 -12), and

agricultural production grew twice as fast as the

population, India is still at a juncture where further

reforms are required to achieve greater efficiency

and productivity in agriculture.

Water use efficiency

Maintenance of irrigation systems

Major and medium irrigation projects

Irrigation potential created and utilized

River basin planning and management

Post-harvest infrastructure for high value

agriculture

ADB realises the vulnerability of the agriculture sector to climate change

including projected changes in temperature and rainfall, increased

frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as flood and

drought, a rise in sea level, and intensification of storm surges. It, hence,

plans to design its future agriculture investment projects keeping in mind

the consequences of climate change.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

India has to provide good quality of

education to its youth and ensure that

its workers have the skills needed in a

rapidly modernizing economy.

Enrolment in secondary schooling

Focus on vocationalization

REGIONAL COOPERATION AND INTEGRATION

South Asia accounts for one-fourth of the worlds population while

contributing only 6.8% to the world GDP (in purchasing power parity

terms). In order to improve efficiency and achieve a higher regional growth

rate, regional cooperation is important.

Economic and social development is facilitated not just by the expansion of

trade but also through regional cooperation in sectors like transport and

energy. Regional cooperation becomes even more critical when

individual economies grow, as it will facilitate collective actions

among countries to respond increasing to spill-over impact of global

and regional economic shocks.

PRIVATE SECTOR OPERATIONS AND PUBLIC PRIVATE

PARTNERSHIPS

Private sector participation has not only enabled

capacity expansion, but has also brought in

expertise, improvements in service quality,

diffusion of technology, competition, cost

efficiencies and productivity improvements. It

has thus generated employment and contributed

significantly to economic growth.

RESULTS OF ADB-SUPPORTED OPERATIONS: INDIA

ADB operations cover 22 Indian states, and the country has been one of

the top three borrowers of ADB's ordinary capital resources loans since

2007. ADB is guided by the principles of the 3Rs (relevance,

responsiveness, and results) as it designs and implements its program in

India. ADB remains committed to supporting the government's efforts

toward making India's growth inclusive and environmentally

sustainable.

VISUALS OF SUCCESS STORIES (2-min each)

• Improve living conditions- Mangalore, Karnataka

• Clean water for the city- Bhopal, MP

• Harnessing the sun to generate clean energy - Rajasthan

• One stop STP- Rajasthan

• Solar lanterns light up village- Haryana, Odisha

REFERENCES

http://www.adb.org/countries/india/main

http://www.adb.org/green-cities/index.html

http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2013/india-adb-

development-partnership-2013.pdf AsianDevelopmentBank – YouTube www.youtube.com WIKIPEDIA

THANK YOU

Ganga Yamuna Action Plan

Presented By: Ravi Teja.V EP-292

Ganga River • Ganga is a perennial river which originates as a

stream called “Bhagirathi” from Gaumukh in the Gangotri glacier.

• Ganga has been India's river of faith, devotion and worship.

• It is a river with which the people of India are attached spiritually and emotionally.

• Basin area: 10,80,404 sq.km. (Countries covered by the Basin: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Tibet)

• 4th largest river in the world.

• Length- 2,525 kms (Covering States- Uttaranchal, UP, Bihar, Jarkhand, West Bengal).

• Major Tributaries: Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandaki, Kosi, Son, Punpun and Damodar.

• This river inhabited by around 37 per cent of India's population.

• About 45 per cent of total irrigation land in India is located in Ganga basin

• The Ganges plains were first settled by Aryans around 1200 BC and in subsequent 3,200 years of occupation, the landscape of the region has been completely transformed by generations of agriculturists and the more recent expansion of urban centres and industrial activities.

• Now along the river there are 29 class-I cities, 23 class-II cities, 48 towns and about 1000’s of villages.

• Due to rapid industrialisation and urbanization from 20th century the settlements around the river basin started polluting the river

Class-I Towns

Class-II Towns

Evolution of Ganga Action Plan (GAP):

• The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) originated from the personal intervention and interest of our

late PM Indira Gandhi.

• She directed the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, now

CPCB to do a comprehensive survey of the situation of Ganga in 1979.

• CPCB published two comprehensive reports which formed the base for GAP.

• In Feb 1985, the Central Ganga Authority (CGA) with the PM as Chairman was formed,

with an initial budget of Rs.350 crore.

• In June 1985, the Ganga Project Directorate (GPD) now was established as a wing of the

Department of Environment.

• GAP was launched on June 14, 1986 by Shri Rajiv Gandhi at Varanasi.

Objectives of GAP

• To decline pollution and improve water quality by interception, diversion and

treatment of domestic Sewage and industrial chemical wastes entering in to the

river.

• Control of non-point Pollutions from agricultural run-off, human defecation,

cattle wallowing and throwing of unburnt and half burnt bodies into the river

• Research and development to conserve the biotic, diversity of the river to enlarge

its productivity.

• Implementing similar river clean up programs in other polluted rivers in India.

• The ultimate objective of the GAP is to have approach of integrated river basin

management.

GANGA ACTION

PLAN

GAP-I

(1985)

100% centrally sponsored scheme

25 Towns One River

(States: UP, Bihar, West Bengal)

STP’s & ETP’s(34) capacity of 865 mld

Was created with 461.7 Cr.

The project was extended to GAP-II

GAP-I completed in 2000

GAP-II

(1993)

50-50 Cost Sharing C & S

95 Towns Ganga and Its Streams

4 Rivers (Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar, Mahanada

Action plan)

STP’s and ETP’s(83) of 2000 mld constructed

with Rs. 1498.86 cr

NRCP (1996)

(National River Conservation Project)

70(Central)-30(State)

YAP(Yamuna Action Plan)-II

YAP-III Cntd

Extended to Merged With

This phase is not yet cmpltd

Total Established ETP’s: In Both GAP-I & II by 2010

Ganga

Ganga

Yamuna

Ganga

Yamuna

• Now, Only 227 ETP’s are functional

IS Ganga Action Plan

Succeed.????

Sources of

Pollution

Industrial Effluents

Solid Waste

Religious Practices

Dead Bodies of Human

and Animals

Fertilizers run-off from agricultural

land

Domestic Sewage

Present Scenario

Sewage, 70

Industrial effluents,

20

Others, 10

Sewage: Ganga Yamuna

• Everyday 2,964 MLD(millions litres per

day) of waste water from sewage and

domestic sources are dumped directly

into Ganga

• In which 80% is sewage discharge of 50

cities located along the river.

• Kanpur is the major contributor of

Sewage then Allahabad, Varanasi…

• Everyday 5,400 MLD of sewage disposal.

• To Yamuna Delhi contributes 70 % (3800MLD)

of the sewage, Agra 20%(1080MLD) and

other cities contributes 10%

• Delhi generates about 3,800MLD (where it is

960 MLD in 1985) of sewage while the city's

installed waste water treatment capacity is

only 2,330 MLD. More than 937 MLD of waste

is not treated.

Industrial Effluents: Ganga Yamuna

• 764 industries in the main stream of the

Ganga consume 1123 MLD water and

discharge 500 MLD waste water.

• 90% of this industrial pollution is along the

river’s Uttar Pradesh stretch

• Sugar, pulp, paper and distillery industries are

responsible for 70% of the pollution.

• 1080 industries are present along the

streams of Yamuna discharges 620 MLD

of Waste water.

• 80% of the Pollution is discharging by the

industries along Delhi and Agra.

• Electronics, Paper, Pulp industries are the

major Contributors.

• Dumping of solid waste and garbage is also a major problems.

• Many cities along the Rivers do not have any sort of solid waste management

system, and if they do, they are never sufficient to handle the amount that is

produced each day.

• Another huge problem is a lack of environmental awareness among the ordinary

people.

Solid Waste: Ganga & Yamuna

• The agriculture is also one of the sources of contamination in the rivers.

• It is an Non-Point Source of Pollution

• Which directly or indirectly affects river water quality through surface water runoff of

agricultural land through pesticides and farmyard waste.

• Usually in the non-monsoon time majority of the river streams shrinks and their catchment

areas are used for farming and thus directly contributing pesticides residue in the rivers.

Pollution from Agriculture:

Religious Practices & Dead Bodies of Human and Animals:

• Traditions and belief of Hindus are incomplete without the Rivers Ganga and Yamuna.

• Some of the Spiritual places on the banks of rivers

Ganga: Haridwar, Rishikesh,Varanasi, Allahabad, Patna, Bhagalpur, Kolkata, Dhaka

Yamuna: Mathura, Panipat

• Religious practices like Kumbh mela, Mass bathing and ritualistic , Idiol immersion, Harthi

Practices.

• As per the spiritual tradition, the bodies of saints are immersed in the Ganga instead of

cremating or burying them.

Why Ganga-Yamuna Action Plan

Failed…?

Why

Ganga

Failed

Cooperation between

Central, State and Local

Government bodies

Non-availability of State help

Establishment of Sewage Treatment

Plants on highly productive crop

lands

Lack of technical expert committees for monitoring the

work

Lack of awareness in

People

Lack of Operation

and Maintenance

Time Delaying Process

Lack cost effective

treatment technologies

Done on 20th century

starting

Thank You…

Every Day We, The Environmental Planners also Contributing to waste water

So, Please before using water atleast think one’s that

“it is a limited resource’’

BY:- KAUSTUBH PARIHAR IIIrd sem masters in planning (specialization in environmental planning)

What is a “Community”? A community may be defined as a group of people coming together on the basis of a geographical area, a work place, a theme/issue, or on the basis of gender/age.

Why community participation? a) Choices and preferences on quality of

life and lifestyle. b) Decision-making, decisions need to be

taken at the local and community levels

c) Commitment and involvement to ensure success of various joint activities,

d) Resources and diverse skills and working strategies checking and corrective action through monitoring/evaluation

Advantages of Community participation

• Improves quality of decision-making • Improves agency credibility within the community • Enhancement of social capital and economic benefits • Responsibility for conservation and biodiversity

protection • Greater access to community skills and knowledge • Improves community understanding of conservation

issues • Promoting environmental citizenship.

Chipko Movement a) Started in1970s Chipko Movement aimed at protection and conservation

of trees and forests from being destroyed. b) First Chipko Movement- April 1973 c) Non-violent movement of organised resistance to cutting down of trees. d) Indian villagers fighting to protect forests

• The first Chipko action took place spontaneously in April 1973 in the village of Mandal in the upper Alakananda valley and over the next five years spread to many districts of the Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh.

• It was sparked off by the government's decision to allot a plot of forest area in the Alaknanda valley to a sports goods company.

• This angered the villagers because their similar demand to use wood for making agricultural tools had been earlier denied.

• With encouragement from a local NGO, DGSS (Dasoli Gram Swarajya Sangh), the women of the area, under the leadership of an activist, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, went into the forest and formed a circle around the trees preventing the men from cutting them down.

The April 1973:

Outcomes of the movement

• Major victory in 1980 with a 15-year ban on green falling in the Himalayan forests of that state by the order of Mrs Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India. Ban on cutting the trees for the 15 years in the forests of Uttar Pradesh in 1980.

• By 1981, over a million trees had been planted through their efforts • It generated pressure for a natural resource policy which is more

sensitive to people's needs and ecological requirements. • New methods of forest farming have been developed, both to

conserve the forests and create employment. • The Chipko is still working to protect the trees today through the

same nonviolent methods.

• INDIA’S NATIONAL FOREST POLICY of 1988 was a landmark policy for local people’s rights over forest

• Examples-Joint Forest Management originated in West Bengal accidentally at the Arabari Forest Range in West Midnapore, near Midnapore town in 1971. The major hardwood of Arabari is sal, a commercially profitable forest crop. Planting trees

Role Of Community Participation Through JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES OF JFM

To actively

involve village

communities

and Panchayati

Raj Institutions

in Forest

Management

ecosystem.

To ensure long

term

conservation of

biodiversity

through joint

efforts

Equitable

distribution of

forest resources

among poorest

of the poor

especially the

tribal

population.

To promote

sustainable

utilization of

natural

resources

To generate

additional

income and

alternate

livelihood

options of local

people to reduce

traditional

dependence on

forests through

development of

skills and

provision of

vocational

training and

inputs.

Basic Features of JFM

Source: Himadri Sinha, Forest and People: Understanding the Institutional Governance, Social Identity, and People's Participation in Indian Forest Management

Issues JFM Jharkhand Orissa JFM West Bengal JFM

Forest Category Degraded protected forest

Degraded protected

forest Degraded protected forest

Evolution and Inititaion FD and villagers FD and villagers FD and villagers

Participants All willing adults

Willing people of

adjoining area Economically backward people

Management unit Village/group of villages

About 200 ha of forest

land Village/group of villages

Rules framed Constitutional FD FD FD

Collective choice FD & villagers FD and villagers FD and villagers

Operation rules Villagers Villagers Villagers

Institutional structure 2 tier-GB & MC 2 tier-GB & MC 2 tier-GB & MC

Institution registered as society Formally recognized by FD

Formally recognized by

FD Formally recognized by FD

People's representation in MC

One Mukhiya/ Sarpanch

representative of villagers

(men & women)

6-8 members (at least 3

women), Naib 6 elected representatives

Voting rights 1 vote per HH 1 vote per HH 1 vote per HH

Tenure of the committee 2 Yrs 2 Yrs 2 Yrs

External representative Forester/ Forest guard

Beat officer/ Deputy Range

manager

NGO, Teacher NGO Nil

Solid Waste Management at Puri

(a) The location & importance of the city made waste management more challenging with limited resources and unsuitable for land filling

(b) Improve and strengthen waste management system with Puri district through public participation technique

(c)Aware, educate and involve public participation to improve waste management as the success of all schemes depends upon people

(d) Improve environmental quality with cleaner environment and health condition for the citizen of Puri but also for the tourists

Tiruvidaimarudur Conservation Reserve

• The village community and Tamil Nadu Forest Department manage the area and protect the birds nesting in their village

POND HERON

PAINTED STORKS

SPOT-BILLED PELICANS

EGRETS

Tiruvidaimarudur Conservation Reserve is protected bird nesting area in the 2.84 hectares Tiruvidaimarudur village, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu • It was declared Feb 14, 2005 and is

the first Conservation Reserve to be established in India.

A successful case of participatory watershed management RALEGAN SIDDHI

“A MODEL VILLAGE OF INDIA RALEGAN SIDDHI IN 2009 THE MAN THAT MADE IT HAPPEN MR. ANNA HAZARE”

• STRATERGIES FOLLOWED • TRAPPING RAIN WATER • REPAIRING PERCOLATION • HORTICULTUTRE DEVELOPMENT • DRIP IRRIGATION • 4 LAKH TREES PLANTED

HISTORY BACKGROUND

• Ralegaon lies in drought prone zone of ahmednagar district maharashtra

• Before 1975 there was acute under deprivation, fragile, degraded ecosystem and water scarcity

• 70% of population was below poverty line

• Village met only 30% of food requirement PRESENT SCENERIO • Recharge the GW to 6.5 m depth through

out the year • Agricultural prod. 294.3 tonnes 1975-76 to

1386.2 tonnes in 1985-86 • Supply of water for industries

(a) Lakes first victims of intense urbanization of Bangalore, city alone has a 280-300 lakes it lost its identity

Some common problems in urban lakes

Key recommendations by local authority

• Lakes with high biodiversity to be notified for conservation.

• Promoting the involvement of local communities and residents , voluntary organizations in lake preservation and restoration.

Community participation in lake management in

Bangalore

Narmada Bachao Andolan

Support for Narmada Bachao Andolan are Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy

and Aamir Khan

30 large dams 135 medium dams 3,000 small dams.

• Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a social movement consisting of adivasis, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against a number of large dams being built across the Narmada river. .

IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS "LIFE LINE OF MADHYA PRADESH"

6 October 1969

The river flows through the states of Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh in India

References

• http://www.iesglobal.org/waste_management.htm • http://www.lawteacher.net/environmental-law/essays/role-of-

communities-in-environmental-decisions.php • http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/india/index.cfm?uProjectI

D=IN0962 • http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/Radioserials/Conserving_Biodiversity2.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_Bachao_Andolan

INSTITUTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTECTION

SUBMITTED BY:RUPALI RATHORE

• To address the diverse environmental issues a number ofenvironment related institutions setup at international,national level by United Nations, national governmentsand civil society.

INTRODUCTION

• seeks to protect, analyze or monitorthe environment against misuse ordegradation or lobby for these goals.

• environmental Institutions, bothwithin and outside the government,working for the conservation andimprovement of environment at globaland national level.

• institutions with environmentalresponsibilities, principally in relationto the management of the impacts ofurban and industrial growth.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES

SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH

INSTITUTIONS

Indian Institute of Forest Management

• The Indian Institute of Forest Management is a sectoral management institute, established in 1982

• evolve knowledge useful for the managers in the area of Forest, Environment and Natural Resources Management and allied sectors.

‘’To Provide Leadership in Professional Forestry Management Aimed at Environmental Conservation

and Sustainable Development of Ecosystems"

Cont…

Research:• Sustainable Forest management & Forest certification• Marketing of Forestry Products• Trees Outside Forests (ToF)• Ecosystem Services and Management• Forest policy• Community Forestry and livelihood• Institutional Linkages• Gender studies• Biodiversity, Protected Area Management and Human – Wildlife

conflict• Climate Change: vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation, REDD+• Environment and human behaviour• Corporate Social Responsibility.

Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

• approved by the Government of India in February 1962, PUNE.

• IITM is a premiere research Institute to generate scientific knowledge in the field of meteorology and atmospheric sciences that has potential application in various fields such as agriculture, economics, health, water resources, transportation, communications, etc.

RESEARCH:IITM’s contribution in the International programmes:

• World Climate research Program (WCRP),

• Climate and its Variability (CLIVAR),

• International Geosphere - Biosphere Programme (IGBP),

• Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC),

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Bilateral research programmes:

• Indo-UK programme on impact of climate change on water resources

• Indo-France programme for the study of sensitivity of the Indian summer monsoon to anthropogenic climate change

• Indo-US (DST-NSF) projects on aerosol studies

• U.K.- India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI)

• Asia-Pacific Network (APN) for global change research

• Indo-Bulgaria Programme of co-operation in Science & Technology

• Indo-Swedish collaborative programme on Composition of Asian Deposition (CAD)

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing

• established in the year 1966, Dehradun .

Objectives:Capacity building in the field of Remote Sensing & Geoinformatics and their applications in natural resource management, earth and atmospheric sciences, oceanography, urban & infrastructure development, environment and disaster management, through:

• Special and customised training programmes as per the need of stakeholders.

• Educational programmes at post graduate level and undertake applied research .

Recent Research:

• Evaluation of Space-borne LIDAR for Terrain Feature Extraction and Mapping

• Mapping Aerosol Optical Depth using IRS-P4 Ocean Colour Monitor and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor Data.

• Characterizing Snow Cover in Parts of Himalaya using Active Microwave Remote Sensing.

• National Carbon Project under the ISRO-Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP)

• Landslide Hazard and Risk Analysis in Part of Garhwal Himalaya• Process based Soil Erosion Modeling – A Case Study in Himalayan

Watershed• Urban Growth Modelling – Example of an Indian Cit

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

• It was established in Nagpur in 1958.

• focus on water supply, sewage disposal, communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial pollution and occupational diseases.

• NEERI has five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai.

NEERI states its mandate as:

• To conduct research and developmental studies in environmental science and engineering.

• To render assistance to the industries of the region, local bodies, etc. in solving the problems of environmental pollution.

• To interact and collaborate with academic and research institutions on environmental science and engineering for mutual benefit.

• To participate in CSIR thrust area and mission projects

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

• financed and administered by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

• Location: Pusa, Delhi

• research leading to the "Green Revolution in India" of the 1970s.

• It has served the cause of science and society with distinction through first rate research, generation of appropriate technologies and development of human resources.

S. no.

Name of institution year place Research work

1 Indian council of agricultural research

1929 Coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the country.

2 Central institute of brackish water aquaculture

Chennai Techno-economically viable and sustainable culture systems for finfish and shellfish in brackishwater

3 Central institute of fisheries technology

Kochi Basic, strategic and applied research in fishing and fish processing

AGRICULTURE

S. no.

Name of institution year place Research work

4 Central rice research institute

Cuttack Plant breeding and genetics, plant pathology and mycology, entomologyNematology, physiology, biochemistry, blue green algae, food technology

5 Fisheries College and Research Institute

1977 Thoothukudi,Tamil Nadu

developed a low cost cage-based technology for open water fish culture.

6 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research

1968 Bengaluru, Karnataka

basic, strategic, anticipatory and applied research on various aspects of horticulture such as fruits, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms

7 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

1972 Patancheru combine tested methods of crop commodity research with well

established practices in research in natural resources management

S. no.

Name of institution year place Research work

1 Arid Forest Research Institute

Jodhpur, rajasthan

Forest ecology Division. Forest Genetics and Tree breeding Division, Forest protection Division, Silviculture Division, Non Wood Forest Products Division, Agroforestry & Extension Division

2 Centre for Forest Based Livelihood and Extension

Agartala, Tripura

aims to nurture, cultivate and boost bamboo plantation

3 Centre for Forestry Research and Human Resource Development

1995 Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh

biodiversity conservation, forest protection, silviculture, non-wood forest products, socio economics and tree improvement.

FOREST

S. no.

Name of institution

year place Research work

4 Forest Research Institute (India)

1906 Dehradun forestry research

5 Himalayan Forest Research Institute

1977 Shimla Ecology & Biodiversity Conservation Division, Silviculture & Forest Genetics Division, Non Wood Forest Product Division, Research Co-ordination Division, Agro-Forestry & Extension/PFM Division, Forest Protection Division

6 Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

1986 Dehradun, Shimla, Ranchi, Jorhat, Jabalpur, Jodhpur, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Allahabad, Chhindwara, Aizawl, Hyderabad and Agartala

Conservation, protection, regeneration, rehabilitation and sustainable development of natural forest ecosystem

S. no.

Name of institution year place Research work

7 Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-Rehabilitation

1992Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh

Wasteland reclamation, Development of Agro-forestry Models, Reclamation of mined areas through afforestation, Productivity of Ecosystem

8 Institute of Forest Biodiversity

2012 Hyderabad Forest BiodiversityGenetic ResourcesClimate Change and BiodiversityForest EcologyMicrobial Biodiversity and Forest ProtectionConservation Biology

9 Institute of Forest Productivity

1993 Hyderabad

S. no.

Name of institution

year place Research work

1 Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research

2006 Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali

2 Institute of Himalayan BioresourceTechnology

Palampur, Kangra district sustainable utilization of Himalayan bioresources, and in the area of tea, floriculture, bamboos and medicinal and aromatic plants

3 InstituteCentre for Earth Science Studies

1978 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

Geosciences Division, Marine Sciences Division, Atmospheric Sciences Division, Environmental Sciences Division, Resource Analysis Division, Chemical Sciences Division

OTHERS

S. no.

Name of institution

year place Research work

4 Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology

Kochi marine living resources

5 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing

1966 Dehradun Agriculture and SoilsForestry and EcologyGeosciencesMarine and Atmospheric SciencesHuman Settlement AnalysisWater ResourcesSatellite Image Analysis & Photogrammetry

6 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

1962Pune, Maharashtra

Monsoon Mission, Seasonal and Extended Range Prediction, Climate Change, Climate

Variability and Chemical Weather, Physics and Dynamics of Tropical Clouds, National Facility

for Airborne Research, National Facility for Airborne Research

S. no.

Name of institution

year place Research work

7 Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety

1992 Timarpur, Delhi

Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety

8 National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research

1998 Vasco da Gama, Goa

storing ice core samples, from Antarctica and the Himalayan Mountains.operating the Himadri Arctic research station in Spitsbergen, Norway.managing the oceanic research vessel

9 National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

1958 Nagpur solving the problems of environmental pollution, participate in CSIR thrust area and mission projects

S no. Name of institution year Research work

10 National Geophysical Research Institute

1961 Hyderabad,Telangana

exploration and management of groundwater resources, earthquake hazard assessment, structure of earth's interior and its evolution (theoretical studies), and geophysical instrument development

11 TATA ENERGY RESAERCH INSTITUTE (TERI)

1974 Delhi tackling and dealing with the rapid depletion of the earth’s finite energy resourceswhich are largely non-renewable, and on account of the existing methods of their usewhich are polluting

THANK YOU…..

Madhav Gadgil Environmentalist…

1

Introduction…

• Madhav Gadgil (born 1942 Pune) is an Indian ecologist.

• Fields: Ecology, Conservation Biology, Human Ecology, Ecological history.

• Institutions: Harvard University, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

• Publish: 215 research papers and 6 books

• Known for: Gadgil Commission.

• Notable awards: Volvo Environment Prize (2003) 2

Work…

• Madhav Gadgil’s scientific work focuses on ecology, conservation biology, human ecology, and ecological history. He has been a Lecturer on Biology at Harvard and a Visiting Professor of Human Biology at Stanford.

• Madhav Gadgil’s : the faculty of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, where he founded the Centre for Ecological Sciences.

• He worked on the committee that drafted India’s Biological Diversity Act 2002.

• He was the chairman of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel or otherwise known as Gadgil Commission.

• Prof. Gadgil was a member of the Science Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India

3

Books… • "THIS FISSURED LAND" : the ecological history of India

• "ECOLOGY AND EQUITY“: The book analyses the use and abuse of nature on the sub-continent to reveal the interconnections of social and environmental conflict on the global scale.

• "DIVERSITY : The cornerstone of life" ,

• "Nurturing Biodiversity: An Indian Agenda"

• “Ecological Journeys”

• “People’s Biodiversity Registers: A Methodology Manual”.

4

Awards and recognition…

• He was awarded the National Environmental Fellowship in recognition of his field research on The people environment relationship on the hill chain of Western Ghats in India.

• He is a recipient of The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award for Biological Sciences and The Vikram Sarabhai and Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar awards.

• He was conferred Padmashri and Padma Bhushan by the President of India.

• The Rajyotsava Award by the Government of Karnataka.

• Gadgil was awarded Honorary Fellowship of the association for his contributions to the advancement of tropical biology and/or the conservation of tropical ecosystems.

5

Gadgil Commission.. • The Western Ghats Ecology Expert

Panel (WGEEP), also known as the Gadgil Commission after its chairman Madhav Gadgil, was an environmental research commission appointed by the Ministry of Environment and Forests of India.

• The commission submitted the report to the Government of India on 31 August 2011. The Expert Panel approached the project through a set of tasks such as:

Compilation of readily available information about Western Ghats.

Development of Geo-spatial database based on environmental sensitivity, and

Consultation with Government bodies and Civil society groups.

6

A major opportunity to demonstrate

7

A major Points

Conservation and development can go hand in

hand Benefits of development can

reach out to all segments of society

Local communities can guide the course of development

Conservation does not imply excluding people

The Panel shall perform, the following functions:

8

• Demarcate areas within the Western Ghats Region which need to be notified as ecologically sensitive and to recommend for notification of such areas as ecologically sensitive zones under

the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

• Activities began without any spacific guidelines in 1989 with Murud- Janjira

• Guidelines: MoEF. 2000. Report of the Pronab Sen Committee on identifying parameters for

designating Ecologically Sensitive Areas in India

Sen Committee criteria

Primary : Species based

1. Endemism

2. Rarity

3. Endangered species

4. Centers of evolution of domesticated species

9

Sen Cmt Primary Criteria

• Ecosystem based

4. Wildlife Corridors

5. Specialized ecosystems

6.Special breeding site/area

7. Areas with intrinsically low resilience

8. Sacred groves

9. Frontier Forests 10

Report of Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel {WGEEP} SUMMARY OF

RECOMMENDATIONS AND ACTION PLAN

• Delineation and demarcation of ecologically sensitive area in Western Ghats region

• Development Restrictions in proposed Ecologically sensitive areas

• Financial arrangements and

Incentivizing Green Growth in Western Ghats region

• Decision Support and Monitoring Centre for Western Ghats

11

Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP), Criteria for ESA

Biological attributes: We propose that demarcation of an ESA shall consider the following components of biological and cultural uniqueness and richness :

• Biodiversity richness: Richness in diversity at all taxonomic groups and hierarchies.

• Species Rarity: Rarity of population size, distribution and also rarity in taxonomic representation.

• Habitat Richness: Spatial heterogeneity of landscape elements

• Productivity: Total biomass productivity

• Estimate of biological/ecological resilience: Representation of the plesio-vegetation

• Cultural and Historical Significance: Evolutionary–historical value and cultural–historical value of the area 12

Criteria for ESA

Geo-climatic layers attributes: These include the range of layers that assess the innate or natural vulnerability of the area. Obviously features such as slope, aspect, altitude, precipitation etc shall be used under the following two component attributes:

• Topographic Features: Slope, altitude, aspect etc.,

• Climatic Features: Precipitation, number of wet days etc.,.

• Hazard vulnerability: Natural hazards such as landslides and fires.

13

Mapping For this purpose, WGEEP divided the entire Western Ghats region into 5 minute x 5 minute grids. WGEEP is naturally constrained to using only the readily available datasets to decide on relative levels of ecological sensitivity of different areas. These included: • 1. Endemic plants : Number of endemic plant

species • 2. IUCN_max: Number of IUCN Red listed

mammal species • 3. Unique per cent: Percentage of area

covered by unique evergreen ecosystems such as shola forests

• 4. Comp3 per cent : Percentage of area covered by relatively undisturbed forest with

• low edge • 5. Forest per cent: Percentage of forest area • 6. Elevation • 7. Slope • 8. Riparian Forests/Vegetation

14

15

The Gagdil Committee report was criticized for being more environment-friendly and not in tune with the ground realities.

References

• Report of The Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhav_Gadgil

16

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONROL BOAD

&

STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BORAD

SUBMITTED BY:

SUPRIYA SINGH

3RD SEMESTER

Framework

• Introductions

• Functions of central pollution control board (cpcb)

• Programme of air & water under cpcb

• Functions & vision of state pollution control board (spsb)

• Pollution management : spsb

• On 23rd March, 1974, An Act passed to provide prevention and control of

water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of

water, there was establishment of Boards for conferring on and assigning

to such Boards powers and functions related to matters.

• The central government constituted name of that board was ‘central board

for the prevention and control of water pollution’ on September 23,

1974.

• The name of the central board was amended to central pollution control

board (cpcb) under the water (prevention & control of

pollution)amendment act, 1988 (no. 53 of 1988).

• The Central Pollution Control Board has been entrusted with the added

responsibilities of Air Pollution Control since May, 1981 under

the provisions of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

INTRODUCTION

MAIN FUNCTIONS:

i) To promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of

the states by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution,

and

ii) To improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air

pollution in the country

• Air Quality Monitoring is an important part of the air quality

management.

• The National Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP) has been

established with objectives to determine the present air quality status

and trends and to control and regulate pollution from industries and

other source to meet the air quality standards.

• The parliament of India in its wisdom enacted the Water (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 with a view to maintaining and restoring

wholesomeness of our water bodies.

• One of the mandates of CPCB is to collect, collate and disseminate

technical and statistical data relating to water pollution. Hence, Water

Quality Monitoring (WQM) and Surveillance are of utmost importance.

PRIME FUNCTIONS

Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and

control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air and

water

Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide program me

Co-ordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputes among

them

Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carryout

and sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of water and

air pollution

Plan and organize training of persons engaged in programme

Organize through mass media, a comprehensive mass

awareness program me

Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to

water and air pollution

Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and

disposal of sewage and trade effluents

Establish or recognize laboratories to enable the Board to perform board

level of research

DIFFERENT PROGRAMME BY CPCB

Air Quality/Pollution

Water Quality/Pollution

Urban Environment

Industrial Environment

Environment Palnning

Waste

Noise Pollution

1. AIR QUALITY

A nation-wide program me of ambient air quality monitoring known

as National Air Quality Monitoring Program me (NAMP)

The objectives of the N.A.M.P. are

• To determine status and trends of ambient air quality in term of presence

of NO2.SO2, suspended particle material, Reparable Suspended Particulate

Matter

• To ascertain whether the prescribed ambient air quality standards are

violated

• To Identify Non-attainment Cities

• To obtain the knowledge and understanding necessary for developing

preventive and corrective measures

Monitoring Agencies

The monitoring is being carried out by

• Central Pollution Control Board

• State Pollution Control Boards Pollution Control Committees;

• National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

(NEERI), Nagpur.

There are 342 operating stations covering 127 cities/towns in 26 states

and 4Union Territories of the country.

2. WATER QUALITY

• CPCB in collaboration with concerned SPCBs established a nationwide

network of water quality monitoring comprising 1019 stations in 27

States and 6 Union Territories.

• The monitoring is done on monthly or quarterly basis in surface waters

and on half yearly basis in case of ground water. The monitoring

network covers 200Rivers, 60 Lakes, ponds etc.

Presently the inland water quality-monitoring network is operated under

three-tier program me i.e.

• Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS),

• Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources System (MINARS)

• Yamuna Action Plan (YAP)

Under this programme Water samples are being analysed on the

basis of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters.

The Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD), one of the most important

indicators of pollution which take in consideration under this scheme

Faecal Coliform another important indicator of pollution in India.

3. URBAN ENVIRONMENT

(Scheme under the X Plan)

The objective of the Eco city project is to improve environment and bring in

visible results through implementation of identified environmental

improvement projects in the selected towns/cities.

The specific objectives are to:

• Identify the environmental problems/hotspots in the identified towns and

priority environmental improvement projects through participatory

approach;

• Designing & detailing the prioritized environmental improvement projects;

and creation of landmarks that shows visible environmental improvement

4. INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

The Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) has launched the Charter

on "Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)" in march

2003 with the purpose to go beyond the compliance of regulatory norms for

prevention & control of pollution through various measures including waste

minimization, in-plant process control & adoption of clean technologies.

• Targets - conservation of water, energy, recovery of chemicals, reduction

in pollution, elimination of toxic pollutants, process & management of

residues that are required to be disposed off in an environmentally sound

manner.

• Pollution control for various categories of highly polluting industries.

• Monitoring the progress of implementation of crep recommendations/

action points.

5. ENVIRONMENT PLANNING

• Environmental planning is a tool for reducing the impacts form industries .

Proper siting of newly planned industries and industrial estates is a strong

pollution preventive instrument that ensures environmental soundness of

the industrial development.

• It is the site that ultimately determines which water bodies might be

affected by effluent discharged by an industry, which air-shed might be

affected by air pollutants or which ecosystems might be harmed.

• Site selection based on environmental criteria with the objective of

minimising adverse environmental impacts is, therefore, a vital

prerequisite.

The Zoning Atlas for siting of industries zones

The objectives of preparing a Zoning Atlas for siting of industries are:

• to zone and classify the environment in a District;

• to identify locations for siting of industries; and

• to identify industries suitable to the identified sites.

5. WASTE

• Municipal Solid Wastes

• Hazardous Waste

• Bio-medical Waste

• Plastic waste

• E-waste

• Batteries management

6. NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution (regulation & control) rules 2000

ENVIS

Realising the importance of Environmental Information, the Government of

India, in December, 1982, established an Environmental Information System

(ENVIS) as a plan programme. The focus of ENVIS since inception has been

on providing environmental information to decision makers, policy planners,

scientists and engineers, research workers, etc. all over the country.

Objective of Environmental Information System

Long-term objectives :

• To build up a repository and dissemination centre in Environmental Science

and Engineering.

• To gear up the modern technologies of acquisition, processing, storage,

retrieval and dissemination of information of environmental nature; and .

• To support and promote research, development and innovation in

environmental information technology.

Short-term objectives :

•To provide national environmental information service relevant to present

needs and capable of development to meet the future needs of users,

originator, processors and disseminators of information;

•To build up storage, retrieval and dissemination capabilities with the ultimate

objectives of disseminating information speedily to the users;

•To promote, national and international cooperation and liaison for exchange

of environment related information;

•To promote, support and assist education and personnel training

programmes designed to enhance environmental information processing and

utilisation capabilities;

•To promote exchange of information amongst developing countries.

Vision of SPCBs

Strategic Planning- Broad Institutional goal, assesses the performance

and develop overall strategy

Operational Planning- Framework of implementing strategy derived from

Strategic planning

Uniform staffing and enforcement mechanism

Laboratory- Nucleus of SPCs- More credible

Comprehensive monitoring planning and execution

Development of industry specific pollution control guideline and

inspection protocol

IT Based functioning

Major Functions of SPCBs

Command & Control Principles

• Formulation of preventive measures

• Laying down env. Standards

• Consent and authorization Administration

• Env. Friendly technology development

• Control of pollution through inspection & monitoring of industrial units

• Regulation of location of industries

• Disposal of waste (hazardous, plastic, municipal, electronic etc.)

• Collection and dissemination of information

• Advise the State Govt.

• Penal action against the violation

Policy Making Agency (MoEF)

State Govt.

Adoption of Acts

Monitoring Agency (CPCB)

Implementing Agency (SPCB)

Project End Project Approval

Consent to EstablishProject Completion

Detail Assessment

Project Continue Monitoring

Closure

Regulation

of Services

Conviction Court Public Suit

Pollution Abatement Policy Enforcement Mechanism in India

1.Environmental Planning

• Development of standards and guidelines

• Development of laws, rules and regulations

2. Environmental Monitoring

• Environment surveillance (General)

• Ambient Monitoring

• Maintenance of data base

3. Environment Impact Assessment/Audit

• Identification and inventory of source of pollutant

• Impact Assessment on different components of environment (air, water,

land and other natural resources)

4. Laboratory Management

• Quality control

• Research and development

Pollution Management-SPCBs

5. Pollution Control Enforcement (Facility Specific)

• Inspection

• Prosecution

• Direction

6. Technological Intervention

• Design and development of appropriate technology

• Dissemination of appropriate technology

7. Environmental Awareness/Information

• Support to NGOs/Education Institutions

• Capacity building through training programs

• Mass awareness through media

Let’s create a new better tomorrow

lets preserve nature today

References :

www.cpcb.nic.in

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

THE ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE; CENTRE FOR SCIENCE and ENVIRONMENT

- MEZHUVOLIE USOU 3rd semester,

Master of Planning (With Specialization In Environmental Planning)

Established in 1974, TERI is an independent, not-for-profit research institute based in New Delhi focusing its research activities in the fields of energy, environment and sustainable development. TERI registered in Delhi in 1974 as the Tata Energy Research Institute. As the scope of its activities widened, it was renamed The Energy and Resources Institute in 2003.

Vision: Creating Innovative Solutions for a Sustainable Future.

Mission: Tackle issues of concern to Indian society, and the world at large, and develop innovative and cost effective solutions Enhance networking for sustainable interventions Realize potential for national and international leadership as a knowledge-based agent of change in the fields of energy, environment, other natural resources, and sustainable development Inspire and reach out to diverse stakeholders for realizing a shared vision of global sustainable development, which could be translated into action.

Domestic and Global Operations TERI Southern Regional Centre, Bengaluru TERI North-eastern Regional Centre, Guwahati TERI Western Regional Centre, Goa TERI Western Regional Centre, Mumbai TRISHA, Mukteshwar TERI NA, Washington, DC TERI Europe, Utrecht TERI Japan, Tokyo TERI Gulf, Kuwait TERI Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur

MEZHUVOLIE USOU

Overview:

Climate Change

Climate Science and Modelling TERI is working to assess and address the existing uncertainties and gaps in climate science and modelling by building capacity in Global Earth System and high resolution regional climate models. Under the Norwegian Framework Agreement (NFA). To simulate climate at local scales, TERI, in collaboration with the UK Met Office, has developed in-house capacity to project climate change scenarios over the Indian region at high spatial resolution.

Impacts, Vulnerability, and Adaptation TERI is involved in two projects in the state of Maharashtra focusing on impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation. Its objective is to develop community-based adaptation strategies and build capacities among vulnerable community groups and policy-makers/practitioners at state and local levels. Project ‘Too-India’ seeks to predict the impact of climate change on the hydrological system in the dry lands of Maharashtra with respect to water availability and quality, assess subsequent socio-economic consequences for related sectors and livelihood, and propose technical and non-technical adaptation solutions. The project focuses on three case study areas — Pune, Solahpur, and Satara districts in Maharashtra — where the problems of water scarcity, rural–urban water allocation, and poor drinking water quality congregate.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT by TERI and CSE

MEZHUVOLIE USOU

Water Resources

• The Water Resources Division provides services in core areas such as applied research, training, consultancy, and implementation.

• Recognition as the National Key Resource Centre for rural drinking water and sanitation by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, the Division has successfully imparted training to Public Health Engineering Department officials as well as District Sanitation Coordinators.

• At the state level, the Division conducts Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework eg. for BIHAR.

• As the regional knowledge hub of the Asia-Pacific Water Forum (APWF) in Water and Climate Change Adaptation, it has been actively involved in developing adaptation strategies through participatory approaches for local people at the river basin level. With special emphasis on the Himalayan ecosystem and with continued research on glacial studies.

Biotechnology and Bio-resources

• Focus : global population projections revised to 10 billion by 2050.

• The TERI–Deakin Nanobiotechnology Research Centre : To improve fungicides and pesticides to enhance the resource efficiency of agricultural ecosystems.

• Bio-refinery using wheat and rice residues as feedstock for ethanol production as a petrol substitute. It is also collecting, screening, and characterizing the micro algal gene pool for potential biodiesel production.

Sustainable Habitat

• Actively engaged in steering cities towards the attainment of sustainable urbanization and habitats, at both the policy and practice levels.

• Engaged in the implementation of the National Mission on Sustainable Habitats of the Ministry of Urban Development.

• Working with the state government of Gujarat to integrate the provisions of the Energy Conservation Building Code in the general specifications, and accordingly modify the schedule of rates of the Public Works Department (PWD), Gujarat.

• Provided expert inputs on Guidelines/Standards for Planning and Development of Human Settlements in Rural and Urban Areas of Bhutan.

• ADaRSH (the registered society to implement GRIHA, the indigenous rating system for India) has been instrumental in implementing green buildings across the country, with about 11 million square metres of built up space currently registered to be GRIHA compliant.

Energy

• TERI is working towards improving access to energy in regions with large rural populations living in poverty. A staggering 1.3 billion people still do not have access to electricity across the globe.

• TERI launched its flagship initiative ‘Lighting a Billion Lives’ (LaBL) in 2008. This is done by displacing kerosene/paraffin lanterns with solar lighting devices, thereby facilitating education of children, providing better illumination, and a smoke free indoor environment.

• LaBL has effectively overseen the distribution of over 19,000 solar lanterns to rural communities across Africa and Asia.

Educating Sustainable Development

• GREEN Olympiad and TERRAQUIZ, which paved a way to encourage school students.

• Project Climate EduXchange, provide a platform for students in 400 schools across 12 cities in India to share information on climate change;

• Project SEARCH (Sensitization, Education, and Awareness on Recycling for a Cleaner Habitat), encourage youth to practice the 4Rs — refuse, reuse, reduce, and recycle.

• TERI University: doctoral research, Master’s programmes in Environmental Studies and Resource Management, MBA programmes in Infrastructure and in Business Sustainability.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT by TERI and CSE

Human Capital

Inflow

Outflow

MEZHUVOLIE USOU

Financial Summary

Partnerships and Networks

Research and Academic Institutions

Partner Focus Area Type of Association

Deakin University, Australia

Nanobiotechnology Collaborative research

Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Jammu University

Mapping and conservation of sea buckthorn diversity

Collaborative research

FiBL, Switzerland Field trials for testing biofertilizers

Collaborative research

Government

Partner Focus Area Type of Association

Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation (NL Agency) The Netherlands

Biomass conversion and waste valorization

Collaborative research

Embassy of Norway Climate change research Funding

Government of Gujarat (MoU)

Climate change research Technical support for research

Banks and Financial Institutions

• International Finance Corporation (IFC)

• National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, India

• The World Bank • National Housing Bank

Private Sector Companies

Bilateral and Multilateral Organization

• The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) • UN Habitat • United Nations Environment Programme

• NDTV, CnnIBN and Hindu. • ACB Groups Pty Ltd, Australia • Nirmal Seeds Pvt. Ltd • Agriland Biotech Ltd • Advance Materials Consultants, Bangalore

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT by TERI and CSE

MEZHUVOLIE USOU

Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) is a not-for-profit public interest research and advocacy organisation based in New Delhi, India. Established in 1980 ( Anil Agarwal), CSE works as a think tank on environment-development issues in India, Poor planning, climate shifts devastating India's Sundarbans and advocates for policy changes and better implementation of the already existing policies. CSE uses knowledge-based activism to create awareness about problems and propose sustainable solutions.

The Centre’s efforts are built around following broad programmes:

Communication for Awareness

CSE helps provide advance warnings, perceptive analyses and intellectual leadership in the field of environmental management and helped to build an informed public opinion. • Down To Earth • Website : CSE website is an effective

campaigning tool that allows campaigners to reach thousands instantly. Every month, about 1,000 people fill in the online feedback forms for more information.

• India Environment Portal.

Research and Advocacy

CSE searches for solutions that reconcile economic development with environmental conservation; solutions that people and communities can implement themselves; and it pushes the government to create frameworks in which people can act on their own. CSE believes that the urban, educated group are the most environmentally illiterate and therefore, directs its activities towards educating this group.

Right to clean air campaign

CSE has been working to improve air quality of the city of Delhi for the past ten years Implementation of the largest ever CNG programme for the public transportation systems, and phasing out of the 15 year old commercial vehicles. 2004, CSE organized a conference, The Leapfrog factor

Water management campaign

Slogan, ‘Make Water Everybody’s Business’, the People’s Water Management campaign promotes a new paradigm in water management. • At the invitation of K R Narayanan, who

was then the President of India, CSE set up a rainwater harvesting structure at the Rashtrapati Bhawan (President’s House) in 1998.

• campaign to rural areas - jal biradaris (water communities), urban areas paani yatras - A Rain Centre has been established in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Sustainable industrialisation:

CSE started the green rating project to rate the environmental performance of major industrial firms by developing the industrial rating methodology. The Green Rating project was thus launched in May 1997 by Dr. Manmohan Singh, the then finance minister of India. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) took-up the issue of mercury pollution and wrote to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MEF), recommending the phasing-out of the Mercury Cell plants by 2005. CPCB also set up a team to revise its standards on mercury emissions from Chlor-alkali sector. In the automobile sector, Hero Honda Motors developed an environmental reporting programme based on GRP rating to monitor its day-to-day performance. Hindustan Motors started addressing their environmental issues as per CSE recommendations. Hyundai Motors, in an unprecedented move, publicly announced that from now on it would produce same standard cars in India as its European plants. The Government of Bangladesh invited the team to provide training on environmental impacts of some key sectors and EIA process to their high level officials in the Department of Environment.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT by TERI and CSE

MEZHUVOLIE USOU

Education and Training

CSE’s Environmental Education programme takes environment issues into the classroom by organising practical workshops and talks about sustainability issues for school-students, youth and school teachers. The unit also conducts the Ecological Footprint project, which consists of eco-tours, lectures, and poster competitions that teach children about the ecological dimensions of their city.

The Environment education programme.

In 1998, it began the publication of a children’s newsletter, Gobar Times. Several other educational workshops for students and teachers.

In 2005, CSE changed the way it undertook education programmes in a way that the task of educating students can be taken up by teachers. The programme, called the Green Schools Programme, is a rating mechanism that enables teachers, students and the school management authorities to assess their own environmental management practices within the school campus.

The Anil Agarwal Green College

The Anil Agarwal Green College (AAGC), an education and training initiative of CSE, was established to communicate the science, complexity and politics of environment across India, South Asia and the world.

AAGC serves as a research, academic and capacity building hub that conducts a number of short and long-term courses and training programmes such as Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), Managing Urban Growth, and Urban Mobility.

Pollution Monitoring

CSE started its urban air quality programme in 1996 to protect public health in Indian

cities. Some of the key developments include advancement of Euro II emissions standards for new vehicles in 2000, lowering of sulphur content in diesel and petrol to 500, lowering of benzene to 1 percent, implementation of the largest ever CNG programme for the public transportation systems, and phasing out of the 15 year old commercial vehicles. CSE’s studies on pesticide residues in packaged drinking water and soft drinks set a milestone in environmental advocacy. The two studies that exposed the presence of pesticide in bottled drinking water and soft drinks. A total of 57 soft drinks samples of 11 brands – 7 brands of PepsiCo and 4 brands of Coca Cola – were tested for 15 organochlorine pesticides and 13 organophosphorus pesticides. (2006)

1. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) 2. Evangelische Zentralstelle fuew Entwicklungshilfe (EZE) 3. Oak Foudation 4. DanChurchAid 5. HeinrichBoll Foundation 6. Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC) 7. Church of Sweden 8. ClimateWorks Foundation (CWF) 9. Misereor 10. European Commission 11. HSBC 12. Maitri Trust 13. ASTM, Luxemburg 14. Department of Environment, Government of Delhi 15. Wipro Foundation 16. Noida Authority 17. Jamsetji Tata Trust 18. Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India 19. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India 20. Ministry of Environment and Forests/ Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 21. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP-MoEF), New Delhi 22. Department of Science and Technology (DST) 23. Dr. Kamla Chowdhry, Endowment.

CSE Funding/ Donors Sources:

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT by TERI and CSE

MEZHUVOLIE USOU ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT by TERI and CSE

INCOME Project ₹ 169,366,685.24 Environmental Information Dissemination ₹ 5,648,257.84 Other Income ₹ 38,939,300.68 Total ₹ 213,954,243.76 EXPENSES Communication Expenses ₹ 525,360.00 Environmental Promotion ₹ 684,382.00 Film Production ₹ 270,000.00 General Operating Expenses ₹ 6,407,616.13 Honorarium & Professional Charges ₹ 1,913,561.00 Paper & Printing Expenses ₹ 5,185,659.42 Personnel Expenses ₹ 79,266,170.00 Postage & Courier Charges ₹ 3,559,296.50 Programme Expenses - Others ₹ 13,218,284.05 Repairs & Maintenance ₹ 4,261,417.00 Resource Materials ₹ 313,580.21 Seminars, Conferences & Meetings ₹ 11,149,064.86 Travel Related Expenses ₹ 4,821,606.13 Website & IT Expenses ₹ 12,658,523.12 Depreciation / Fixed Assets written off ₹ 4,296,751.00 Total ₹ 148,531,271.42

Inflow

Outflow

References:

1. www.teriin.org/annualreport 2. http://www.cseindia.org/node/214 3. http://www.cseindia.org/node/553 4. http://www.cseindia.org/node/555 5. http://www.cseindia.org/node/556 6. http://www.cseindia.org/node/557