fganh O;kdj.kd{kk&9
CBSE Course ‘B’
Based on Latest & Updated Syllabus(2020-2021)
laiknuMkW- iznhi oqQekj tSu
vkHkkjµ
1- MkW- xfjek nwcs (tcyiqj] lR; izdk'k ifCyd LowQy)
2- lqtkrk tks'kh (eqacbZ] ftany fon~;k eafnj] okflan)
3- izrh'k (jk;iqj] ,u-,p- xks;y oYMZ LowQy] jk;iqj)
4- MkW- jkeizdk'k JhokLro (flyhxqM+h] Mh-ih-,l-)
l=k 2020&21 dk ikB~;Øed{kk µ 9dkslZ&ch
fo"k; µ fganh 1- vifBr cksèkµ 10 vad vifBrxn~;ka'k 10vad 2- O;kdj.k fcanq& 16 vad (i) 'kCnvkSjin(2vad) (ii) vuqLokj(1vad)]vuqukfld(1vad)¾2vad (iii) milxZ(2vad)]izR;;(2vad)¾4vad (iv) 'kCn&fopkj(6vad) •JqfrlefHkUukFkZd'kCn & 2vad •i;kZ;okph'kCn & 2vad •foykse'kCn & 2vad (v) vFkZdhn`f"VlsokD;Hksnµ2vad 3- ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ Hkkx&1 o iwjd ikB~;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx&1µ 28 vad (v) xn~; [kaM µ 11 vad (i) ikB~;iqLrdLi'kZosQxn~;ikBksaosQvkèkkjijy?kqiz'u2$2$2¾6vad (ii) ikB~;iqLrdLi'kZosQfuèkkZfjrikBksa(xn~;)ij,dfucaèkkRediz'uµ5vad (c) dkO; [kaM µ 11 vad (i) ikB~;iqLrdLi'kZosQdkO;[kaMosQvkèkkjijy?kqiz'u2$2$2¾6vad (ii) dforkdhle>ijvkèkkfjr,dfucaèkkRediz'uµ5vad (l) iwjd ikB~;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx&1 µ 6 vad lap;uosQfuèkkZfjrikBksalsnksiz'u3$3¾6vad 4- jpukRed&ys[kuµ 26 vad (i) vuqPNsn&ys[ku µ 6vad (ii) vukSipkfjdi=k µ 5vad (iii) lans'kys[ku µ 5vad (iv) laoknys[ku µ 5vad (v) ukjkys[ku(Lyksxuys[ku) µ 5vadfuEufyf[kr ikB osQoy iBu osQ fy, %&Li'kZ Hkkx&1 •oSKkfudpsrukosQokgdpanz'ks[kjosadVjkeu•xhr&vxhrlap;u Hkkx&1 •dYywoqQEgkjdhmukdksVh•esjkNksVk&lkfuthiqLrdky;
3
'kCn vkSj infdlhHkhHkk"kkdkizkjaHkèofulsgksrkgSvkSjmlosQfyf[kr:idksgho.kZdgrsgSavFkok;w¡dgsafdftuvyx&vyxfpg~uksalsèofudkvarjigpkuktkrkgSoso.kZ;kv{kjdgstkrsgSaAo.kZnksizdkjosQgksrsgSaµLojvkSjO;atu(budhppkZnwljsvH;klesadhtkpqdhgSA)
1- 'kCn o.kks±osQlkFkZdesydksgh'kCndgrsgSaA'kCnoSQlscursgSa\bldkdksbZfu;eughagSAHkk"kkoSKkfudksausvyx&vyxfln~/karizfrikfnrfd,gSaijarqloZekU;fu;edksbZughagSAoqQN'kCnliz;klcuk,tkrsgSavFkkZrmilxZ&izR;;ksavkfnO;kdjf.kdiz;ksxksalsAtSlsµvknj]fujknj]lknjvkfnAoqQN'kCn,dlsvf/dvFkZnstkrsgSaftUgsagevusdkFkhZdgrsgSarksdHkh&dHkh,dghvFkZosQfy,vusd'kCngksrsgSaAtSlsµ^dey* osQ iwQy osQ fy, tyt] uhjt] vacqt] iadt vkfnA blizdkj'kCnksaosQvusdHksn&miHksn&izHksngkstkrsgSaA ,dmnkgj.kn~okjkblsle>saA^jkSud iqLrd i<+rk gS* blokD;esapkj'kCngSajkSud]iqLrd]i<+rkvkSjgSA^jkSud*,dukegSvkSjblesarhuo.kZu”kjvkjgsgSaj]u]d]vcbudkla;kstublizdkjfd;kx;kfdgedks;g,dvFkZnsjgsgSaAijarqD;k^udjkS*lsoqQNvFkZizkIrgksrkgS\fuf'pr:ilsughaAblizdkj;gdgktkldrkgSfd'kCnksadhlajpukfdlhoLrqosQfo'ks"kxq.k]/eZ]LoHkko]o`fRr]ns'k]dkyvkfnosQvuqlkjgksrhgSAlektizfrfnuviusfglkcls'kCnksadkfuekZ.kughadjldrkoukZlcdkviukgh'kCndks'kgkstk,xkA'kCnksadkvFkZgksukpkfg,vkSjcgqla[;dlektmlsLohdkjHkhdjsA;ghdkj.kgSfd'kCnksadkslkFkZdvkSjfujFkZddgkx;kgSA
2- in èofu;ksaosQlkFkZdlewgdks'kCndgrsgSavkSjokD;esaiz;qDr'kCndksindgrsgSaA;k;w¡dgsa'kCnosQO;kogkfjd:idksindgrsgSaAblizdkjftrus'kCngksrsgSa]mrusghizdkjosQingkstkrsgSaAiz;ksxosQvk/kjij,dgh'kCn^laKkin*HkhgksldrkgSvkSjfo'ks"k.kinHkhAtSlsµ (1)tkx`r,dvPNkNk=kgSA (fo'ks"k.kin) (2)vPNksaosQlkFkjgksA (laKk) ;gk¡'kCn^vPNk*ghgSijarqiz;ksxesafHkUurkgS]ijgSanksuksa,dghA
'kCn vkSj in esa varj (d) incuuslsigys'kCnesadksbZudksbZizR;;vo';tqM+tkrkgSAtSlsµ yM+dh fon~;ky; tkrh gSA blokD;esa^yM+dh*drkZHkhgSvkSjlaKkHkh]blesadrkZdkjddk'kwU;ijlxZ
4
tqM+kgqvkgSA;g^tkrh*gSfØ;kdkdrkZHkhgSAbldkyM+dk]yM+osQ]yM+dhvkfnizR;;ksalsHkh:iculdrkgSA
([k) 'kCndkstcokD;esaiz;qDrfd;ktkrkgSrksokD;esafyax]opu]dky]foHkfDr]iq#"k]okP;vkfninijizHkkoMkydjmlosQ:idksfu/kZfjrdjrsgSaAvFkkZr'kCnosQokD;esavkrsghvusdO;kdjf.kdfcanqmllsfpidtkrsgSavkSj,dfuf'pr:iiznkudjkrsgSaAtSlsµ
;g esjh iqLrd gSA blokD;esa^;g*loZukegS,dopugS]iqfYayxgSAbl'kCnlsburhuksaO;kdjf.kd
fcanqvksaustqM+djghblsincukfn;kgSA (x) 'kCndkvFkZ'kCndks'kesans[kktkldrkgSA'kCndkvFkZfuf'prgksrkgS]ijarq
incuusijmldkvFkZizlaxkuqowQyoiz;ksxijvk/kfjrgkstkrkgSAvFkkZrokD;esavkdj'kCnviukvFkZLo;afu/kZfjrughadjldrk]ogvkSj'kCnksaijfuHkZjgkstkrkgSAtSlsµ
(1) feRry lh/k O;kikjh gSA (2) lh/s&lh/s pyksA izFkeokD;esa^lh/k*LoHkkogS]rksnwljsesa^lh/s*dkvFkZ^jkLrs*lsgSvr%in
viukvFkZokD;esaiz;qDrgksusijnsrsgSaA (?k) ;gk¡,dckrè;kuj[kus;ksX;;ggSfdincuusijosQoyfodkjh(laKk]loZuke]
fo'ks"k.kofØ;k)'kCnksaesaghifjorZugksrkgSAvfodkjh(fØ;kfo'ks"k.k]laca/cks/d]leqPp;cksèkd]foLe;kfncks/d)'kCnksaosQ:iesadksbZifjorZuughagksrkAtSlsµ
laKk µyM+dk]yM+osQ]yM+dh loZuke µ eSa]eq>s]esjk]eq>dks fo'ks"k.k µ cqjk]cqjh]cqjs fØ;k µ py]pyks]pyuk]pyrkvarj dks tkfu,µ
'kCn in1-o.kks±ls'kCncursgSaA 'kCnksaosQincursgSaA
2-'kCnLora=k:iesavkrsgSaAinvU;'kCnksaosQlkFkghiz;qDrgksrsgSaAinvosQysughavkldrsAbudkLora=kiz;ksxughagksrkA
3-'kCndkewyLo:idk;ejgrkgSA,d'kCnesaizR;;tksM+djvusd'kCncuk,tkldrsgSaAtSlsµ[kk][kkuk][kk;k][kkdj][kk,vkfnA
4-'kCndkewyvFkZ,dgksrkgSAokD;esaizlaxkuqlkj,dgh'kCnosQvusdvFkZgksldrsgSaAtSlsµdj]er]tyvkfnA
5-'kCnosQlkFkO;kdj.kosQfu;eughatqM+rsA
inosQlkFkO;kdj.kosQvusdfu;etqM+tkrsgSatSlsokD;esacPps&laKk]tkfrokpdcgqopuvkfnA
5
vH;kl 1- 'kCnvkSjinesaD;kvarjgS\mnkgj.klfgrle>kb,A
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2- 'kCnfdufLFkfr;ksaesaincutkrkgS\
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6
'kCn&fopkj
O;qRifRr osQ vk/kj ij 'kCn&HksnO;qRifRrdkvFkZgSµcukoVvFkokjpukAblvk/kjij'kCnksaosQrhuHksnfd,x,gSaµ:<+] ;kSfxdvkSj;ksx:<+A
d- :<+µftu'kCnksadkvFkZrksfuf'prgksrkgS]ysfdumudk[kaMdjusijdksbZvFkZughafudyrk]mUgsa:<+ 'kCndgrsgSa_tSlsµtyvFkokdeyAbu'kCnksaosQ;fn[kaMfd,tk,¡rksdksbZHkhvFkZizkIrughagksrkAbu[kaMksaesat] ydkvFkokd] e] ydkvyxlsdksbZvFkZughagSAtyvFkokdeyesaurksmilxZgSvkSjuizR;;]budkvFkZiwoZfu/kZfjrgSAtyvkSjdeydgrsghgekjhvk¡[kksaosQlkeusikuhvkSj,dfof'k"ViwQydkfcacmrjvkrkgSAbldkvfHkizk;;ggSfdizR;sd'kCndkvFkZfuf'prgkstkrkgSvFkok:<+gkstkrkgSA
[k- ;kSfxdµtks'kCn,dlsvf/d'kCnksavFkok'kCnka'kksaosQ;ksxlscusgksa]mUgsa;kSfxd'kCndgktkrkgSAblesamilxZ]izR;;vkfndk;ksxjgrkgSA;kSfxd'kCnftu'kCnksaosQesylscursgSamUgsavyxdjusijHkhmuosQvFkZizdVgksrsgSa_tSlsµfon~;kFkhZ¾fon~;k$vFkhZ_ jkt$bUnz¾jktsanzA
x- ;ksx:<+µ;ksx:<+dkvFkZgSog'kCntks;kSfxdHkhgksrFkk:<+HkhgksvFkkZrtks'kCn;kSfxdgksrsgq,Hkhfdlhfuf'prvFkZdksizdVdjrkgSrksml'kCndks;ksx:<+dgktk,xk_tSlsµtyt'kCnnksi`Fkd&i`Fkd'kCnksalsfeydjcukgS]ty$tvFkkZrtyesatUeysusokykAvctyesarksg”kkjksaoLrq,¡jgldrhgSa]ysfdu^tyt*'kCndkvFkZgSµdeydkiwQyA;kuhtyt'kCndk:<+vFkZdeygSAfge$vky;¾fgeky;_fgels<osQrksvusdigkM+gSaijarqfgeky;,ojsLVosQfy,:<+gksx;kgSA
O;kdjf.kd vk/kj ij 'kCn&Hksn Hkk"kkdklokZf/degRoiw.kZvaxgSHkk"kkdkiz;ksxAo.kks±osQesyls'kCncursgSavkSj'kCnksadklkFkZdlewgokD;dgykrkgS]vr%'kCnksadksO;kdj.kdhn`f"VlsnksHkkxksaesack¡VktkrkgSµfodkjh 'kCnvkSjvfodkjh 'kCnAd- fodkjh 'kCnµfodkjhvFkkZrftuesafodkjvktk,]tkscnytk,Afodkjh'kCnos'kCn
gksrsgSatksckgjhizHkkolscnytkrsgSa_tSlsµcw<+klscq<+kik] cqf<+;kvkfn'kCnculdrsgSavFkkZrbuesafodkjvkldrkgSA;spkjgSaµlaKk] loZuke] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.kAiqLrdesavU;=kbuijfoLr`rfopkjfd;ktk,xk]ijarqNk=kksaosQfgrkFkZla{ksiesa;gk¡o.kZufd;ktkjgkgSµ
7
1- laKk (Noun)µvFkkZrukeAfdlhO;fDr]oLrq]LFkkuvFkokHkkoosQukedkslaKkdgrsgSa_tSlsµekuo fnYyh esa jgrk gSA og dkj ls fon~;ky; tkrk gSAbuokD;ksaesaekuo O;fDrdk]fnYyhLFkkudkvkSjdkjoLrqdkukegSAlaKkosQeq[;:ilsrhuHksngksrsgSaµO;fDrokpd] tkfrokpdrFkkHkkookpd laKkAlewgokpdvkSjnzO;okpd laKktkfrokpdlaKkosQghHksngSaA
2- loZuke (Pronoun)µvFkkZrlcdkukeAtclaKkosQLFkkuijlaKkosQfy,ghfdlhvkSj'kCndkiz;ksxfd;ktkrkgSrksmlsloZukedgrsgSa_tSlsmi;qZDrokD;esaog'kCnekuoosQfy,vk;kgSvFkkZrogosQLFkkuijekuoHkhfy[kktkldrkFkk]vr%laKkekuoosQLFkkuijvkusosQdkj.kblsloZukedgrsgSaAblosQNgHksngksrsgSaµ iq#"kokpd] fu'p;okpd] vfu'p;okpd] iz'uokpd] laca/okpd rFkkfutokpd loZukeA
3- fØ;k (Verb)µvFkkZrdkedklwpdAftl'kCnlsfdlhdkedkdjuk;kgksukirkpys]mlsfØ;kdgrsgSa_tSlsµmi;qZDrokD;esajgrkgS]tkrkgSµlsfdlhdkedkgksukirkpyjgkgS]vr%;sfØ;k'kCngSaAblosQeq[;:ilsNgHksngksrsgSaµvdeZd] ldeZd] izsj.kkFkZd] uke/krq] n~fodeZdrFkkla;qDr fØ;kA
4- fo'ks"k.k (Adjective)µvFkkZrfo'ks"krkcrkusokykAftl'kCnlslaKk;kloZuke'kCndhfo'ks"krkdkirkpyrkgS]mlsfo'ks"k.kdgrsgSa_tSlsµlehj xksjk] yack vkSj lqanj cPpk gSAblokD;esalehjvkSjcPpklaKk'kCngSavkSjxksjk]yack]lqanj'kCnksaosQn~okjkmldhfo'ks"krkdkirkpyjgkgS]vr%bu'kCnksadksfo'ks"k.kdgktk,xkAblosQeq[;:ilspkjHksngksrsgSaµxq.kokpd] la[;kokpd] ifjek.kokpdvkSjlkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kA
[k- vfodkjh 'kCnµvfodkjvFkkZrfodkjjfgr]ifjorZujfgrA,sls'kCnftuesadksbZHkhcnykoughavkrkvkSjtksizR;sdn'kkesa,dtSlsjgrsgSa]mUgsavfodkjh 'kCndgrsgSa_tSlsµèkhjs&èkhjs'kCnfØ;kfo'ks"k.kgSvkSjbldks/h:&/h:;k/hjk&/hjkughafy[kktkldrkA;s'kCnfdlhHkhfyax;kopuesavk,¡],dtSlsjgsaxsAbuesaifjorZuughagksldrkAbudhla[;kHkhpkjgSµfØ;kfo'ks"k.k] laca/cks/d] leqPp;cks/dvkSjfoLe;kfncks/dA
1- fØ;kfo'ks"k.k (Adverb)µfØ;kdhfo'ks"krkcrkusokykAtks'kCnfØ;kdhfo'ks"krkdksizdVdjsvFkkZrfØ;koSQlsdhtkjghgS;gcrk,mlsfØ;kfo'ks"k.kdgrsgSa_tSlsµehuk{kh èkhjs&èkhjs pyrh gSAoSQlspyrhgSµèkhjs&èkhjsAvr%;g'kCnfØ;kfo'ks"k.kgksxkAblosQpkjHksngksrsgSaµdkyokpd] jhfrokpd] LFkkuokpd vkSj ifjek.kokpdA
2- laca/cks/d (Post-Position)µtkslaca/crk,Atks'kCnlaKk;kloZuke'kCnksaosQcknvkdjmudknwljs'kCnksalslaca/Li"Vdjsa]mUgsalaca/cks/ddgrsgSa_tSlsµlhrk jke
8
osQ fcuk ugha jg ldh]buokD;esa^osQfcuk*'kCnlaca/LFkkfirdjjgkgS]vr%lacaèkcks/dgSA
3- leqPp;cks/d (Conjunction)µtkstksM+sAbUgsa;kstdHkhdgrsgSaA;kstdos'kCngksrsgSatksnks'kCnksa]okD;ksa;kokD;ka'kksadksvkilesafeykrsgSa_tSlsµjke vkSj lhrk ou esa x,]blokD;esa^vkSj*osQn~okjkjkevkSjlhrkdksfeyk;kx;kgSAblosQnksHksngSaµlekukf/dj.kvkSjO;f/dj.kA
4- foLe;kfncks/d (Interjection)µ foLe;vkfn Hkkoksadks izdVdjusokysA tks 'kCnvk'p;Z] foLe;] g"kZ] 'kksd] yTtk] ?k`.kk vkfn euksHkkoksa dks izdV djrs gSa] mUgsafoLe;kfncks/d 'kCndgrsgSa_tSlsµvkg! fdruk lqgkuk ekSle gSA gk;! mldk
?kksM+k ekjk x;kA
vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij 'kCn&HksnoSlsrks'kCnksaosQvFkZfuf'prekustkrsgSaijarqKkucks/]oDrk]JksrkvkSjizLrqfrdj.kosQvk/kjijmuosQvFkks±esai;kZIrvarjvkvkrkgSAizk;%,d'kCnxq.kksavkfnosQvk/kjij,dlsvf/doLrqvksaosQfy,iz;ksxesavktkrkgS]tSls&gfjHkxokudksHkhdgrsgSavkSjcanjdksHkhAblvk/kjij'kCnksaosQ;sHksnfd,tkrsgSaµ
d- i;kZ;okphµlw;Z&fnudj
[k- foijhrkFkZd vFkok foykse 'kCnµvkfLrdµukfLrd
x- Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd 'kCnµvpkj]vkpkj
?k- ,dkFkZd izrhr gksusokys 'kCnµvL=kµ'kL=k
Ä- vusdkFkZdµvaxµnsg]mik;]Hkkx]Hksn
p- vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCnµtksdHkhuejsµvej
N- 'kCn&;qXeµvukiµ'kuki]jguµlgu
d- i;kZ;okph 'kCn (Synonyms)µ,dghvFkZdkscrkusokysvusd'kCni;kZ;okphdgykrsgSa_tSlsµvfXu&vkx] ikod] vuyvkfni;kZ;okphgSaAi;kZ;okph'kCnksadkiz;ksxdjrsle;cM+hlko/kuhdhvko';drkgksrhgSA;gvko';dughafdftlizlaxesa,d'kCnfn;ktkjgkgSmlhizlaxesamldki;kZ;okphHkhiz;qDrgks_tSlsµesjh bPNk gS fd eSa fons'k tkÅ¡AblokD;esa;fnbPNk'kCndki;kZ;okphdkeukiz;ksxfd;ktk,rksvuqfprgksxkAi;kZ;okph'kCnvFkks±esalekurkfy,gksusosQckotwn,d&nwljsdkLFkkuughaysldrsAizlaxosQvkèkkjij'kCnksaosQvFkZfuf'prgksrsgSa_tSlsµty'kCnikuhdki;kZ;gS]ijarqtyvf/dvknjlwpdgS_tSlsµtyukyhesaughacgrk]ukyhesaikuhcgrkgSAblhizdkj
9
xaxktygksrkgS]xaxk&ikuhdkiz;ksxughagksrkAi;kZ;okph'kCnksaosQekè;elsys[ku&dykesafodklfd;ktkldrkgSAckj&ckj,dgh'kCndkiz;ksxudjosQ'kCn&oSfHkU;rkykbZtkldrhgSA
oqQN fo'ks"k oxks± osQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn1- iQy] iwQy] Üka`xkj laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph
1- vaxwj µnzk{kk]nk[k]equDdk
2- lhrkiQyµdk'khiQy]oqQEgM+k]isBk
3- vke µvkez]jlky
4- oaQxu µdM+k]pwM+k]oy;]oaQd.k
5- dj/uh µdejcan]foaQfd.kh]rxM+h
6- dkty µdktj]dTty]vatu]lqjek
7- ekyk µoaQBgkj]gkj]rlchg
8- vkHkw"k.k µvyadkj]vkHkj.k]xguk]”ksoj
9- Üka`xkj µcuko]lt/t]izlk/u
10- ifj/ku µfyckl]iks'kkd]igukok
2- izo`Qfr ls lacaf/r 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 1- unh µlfjrk]rfVuh]fu>Zfj.kh
2- leqnz µlkxj]tyf/]mnf/]jRukdj
3- isM+ µo`{k]foVi]r#]nqze]ikni
4- iwQy µiq"i]lqeu]izlwu]oqQlqe
5- miou µmn~;ku]okfVdk]ckx]cxhpk
6- ikuh µty]uhj]okfj]rks;]i;]vkc
7- rkykc µrky]lj]ljksoj]rM+kx]tyk'k;
8- ioZr µigkM+]'kSy]vpj]fxfj]ux]Hkw/j
9- iRFkj µmiy]ik"kk.k]izLrj]v'e
10- ckny µes?k]ty/j]i;ks/j]uhjn]?ku
11- pk¡n µfgeka'kq]fo/q]lkse]'kf'k
12- lwjt µlw;Z]Hkkuq]jfo]fnus'k]fnudj
10
13- dey µtyt]iadt]vjfoan]jktho]uhjt
14- vkdk'k µuHk]xxu]vacj]vkleku
15- fdj.k µekjhfp]dj]e;w[k]va'kq]jf'e
16- gok µok;q]lehj]iou]vfuy
17- fdukjk µowQy]rV]dxkj]rhj
18- fnu µfnol]vgku]oklj]okj
19- i`Foh µHkwfe]vofu]vpyk]olq/k]/jrh
20- jkr µjkf=k];kfeuh]fu'kk]jtuh]jkdk
21- izHkkr µHkksj]rM+dk]losjk]izkr%dky]lqcg
22- fgeky; µfgeoku]fgekpy]fxjhanz]uxifr
23- oqQvk¡ µowQi]tyowQi
24- o"kkZ µesg]o`f"V]ikol]ckfj'k
25- rkjk µu[kr]u{k=k]rkfjdk]rkjd
26- iRrk µi=k]i.kZ]ikr]ny
27- vkx µikod]vuy]vfXu
28- dyh µdfydk]eqoqQy]ia[kqM+h]xqapk
29- >juk µizikr]lksrk]lzksr
30- fctyh µrfM+r]piyk]fon~;qr]paapyk]nkfeuh
3- f'k{kk laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 1- vè;kidµf'k{kd]xq#]vkpk;Z]mikè;k;]mLrkn
2- vè;kiu µf'k{k.k]mins'ku]ikBu
3- ikB'kkykµfon~;ky;]enjlk]f'k{kky;]fon~;kihB
4- vè;k; µdkaM]ikB]izdj.k][kaM]lksiku
5- fon~;kFkhZµNk=k]f'k{kkFkhZ]ftKklq
6- fon~;k µf'k{kk]i<+kbZ]Kku]cks/
7- iqLrd µxzaFk]iksFkh]fdrkc]iqfLrdk
8- iqLrdky;µxzaFkky;]xzaFkkxkj]oqQrqc[kkuk]ykbczsjh
9- iqfLrdk µy?kqiqLrd]xazfFkdk]fdrkc
10- vè;;u µi<+kbZ]vuq'khyu]iBu&ikBu
11
4- ekuo osQ vax laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 1- v/j µgksaB]vks"B]yc
2- diky µ[kksiM+h]eqaM]ekFkk]yykV
3- oaQ/k µ'kkuk][kok]LoaQ/]Hkqtewy
4- xky µdiksy]vkfjt]#[klkj
5- eq¡g µeq[k]psgjk]eq[kM+k]lwjr
6- isV µvkek'k;]tBj]gey
7- vk¡[k µus=k]u;u]p{kq]ykspu]n`x
8- gkFk µdj]gLr]ikf.k
9- dku µd.kZ]Jks=k]Jqr/j
10- 'kjhj µvax]dk;k]xkr]ruq]nsg
11- dej µdfV]yad]dfVHkkx
12- thHk µftg~ok]jluk]”kcku
13- fny µmj]dystk]ân;
14- cky µosQ'k]dp]oqaQry]pwM+k]pwy
5- dyk vkSj lkSan;Z laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 1- vfHku; µizLrqfr]Lokax]ukVd
2- vfHkusrk µdykdkj]uk;d]ik=k]jaxdehZ
3- uk;d µvxqok]iz/ku]eqf[k;k]vxz.kh
4- dykdkjµdykoar]f'kYih]i+ Qudkj]dkjhxj
5- dfo µdkO;dkj]dkO;iz.ksrk
6- dkO; µdfork]u”e]'kk;jh]okÄ~e;]
7- xk;d µxoS;k]xkusokyk]laxhrK
8- egfi+ Qy µlHkk]tylk]etfyl
9- tksdj µHkk¡M+]fonw"kd]el[kjk
10- dyk µdkS'ky]i+ Qu]gquj
11- vuqie µviwoZ]vuks[kk]vn~Hkqr]vuwBk
12- jax'kkyk µizs{kkxkj]ukV~;x`g]vfHku;'kkyk
12
6- i'kq&i{kh@tho&tarq laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 1- i'kq µtkuoj]pkSik;k]Maxj]<ksj]eos'kh
2- eksj µosQdh]uhyoaQB]e;wj]f'k[kh]lkjax
3- i{kh µ[kx][kspj]irax]fogx]i[ks:
4- edM+h µedjh]ywrk]Å.kZukHk
5- eNyh µeRL;]edj]>[k
6- Hkkyw µ½{k]jhN]Hkkyqd
7- HkkSajk µHkzej]e/qdj]vfy]fefyan
8- v'o µ?kksM+k]rqjax]gfj]g;]?kksVd
9- 'ksj µflag]oujkt]osQljh]e`xjkt
10- lk¡i µO;ky]Hkqtax]fo"k/j]ukx]vfg
11- gkFkh µukx]oqaQtj]n~foi]gLrh]xt]erax
12- dcwrj µdiksr]ikjkor]ijsok
13- xk; µxÅ]xkS]/suq]xS;k
14- x/k µjklHk][kksrk]xnZHk][kj
15- oqQRrk µoqQDoqQj]'oku]lkjes;
16- dkSvk µdkd]dkx],dk{k]ok;l
7- /eZ] nsoh&nsork laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 1- jko.k µn'kkuu]yaosQ'k]n'keq[k
2- vlqj µnuqt]nkuo]nSR;]jk{kl]fu'kkpj
3- banz µlqjs'k]egs'k]nsosanz]egsanz
4- bZ'oj µizHkq]Hkxoku]ijekRek]ijes'oj
5- dkenso µenu]jfrifr]vuax]dke
6- xaxk µHkkxhjFkh]nsounh]eankfduh
7- x.ks'k µyacksnj]fouk;d]x.kifr]xtkuu
8- ;equk µdkfyanh]jfolqrk]';kek]jfouafnuh
9- ikoZrh µf'kok]mek]Hkokuh]vafcdk]fxfjtk
10- egknso µf'ko]'kadj]uhyoaQB]egs'oj
11- fo".kq µnkeksnj]tuknZu]prqHkqZt]â"khosQ'k
13
12- ljLorh µfxjk]ok.kh]Hkkjrh]'kkjnk13- czg~ek µfof/]fo/krk]iztkifr]prqjkuu14- nqxkZ µdjkyh]LoaQnekrk]xkSjh]f'kok15- dkyh µdikfyuh]dkR;kf;uh]Hkokuh16- o`Q".k µ';ke]uanyky]osQ'ko]fxfj/j17- vIljk µnsokaxuk]lqjckyk]fnO;kaxuk18- oqQcsj µ/us'k];{kjkt]/us'oj]/uiky
8- voLFkk] Hkko] fLFkfr laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 1- vkuan µvkeksn]izeksn]g"kZ]mYykl]izlUurk
2- bPNk µvfHkyk"kk]vkdka{kk]euksjFk]ykylk]dkeuk
3- mUufr µmRFkku]fodkl]izxfr]vH;qn;
4- nqtZu µnq"V][ky]v/e]uhp
5- prqj µiVq]l;kuk]oqQ'ky]n{k
6- nq[k µrdyhi+ Q]d"V]'kksd]O;Fkk]osnuk]ihM+k
7- e`R;q µfu/u]ej.k]ekSr]nsgkolku
8- eks{k µeqfDr]ijein]oSQoY;]fuokZ.k]ije/ke
9- ujd µ;eiqj];eky;];eyksd
10- LoxZ µnsoyksd]banzyksd]lqjyksd
11- 'kksHkk µdkafr]NVk]izHkk]n~;qfr]lq"kek]foHkk
12- lqanj µ[kwclwjr]pk#]euksgj]yfyr
13- izse µI;kj]izhfr]eqgCcr]usg]vuqjfDr]iz.k;
14- g¡lh µeqldku]fLefr]gkL;
15- Mj µHk;]vk'kadk]Hkhfr]=kkl][kkSI+kQ
16- vknj µeku]lEeku]b””kr]izfr"Bk]leknj]xkSjo
17- Lora=k µeqDr]LoPNan]vk”kkn][kqyk
18- ekSu µpqi]'kkar][kkeks'k
19- eksg µeeRo]ek;k]eerk
20- LoLFk µuhjksx]ranq#Lr]Hkyk]paxk
21- eS=kh µnksLrh]lkSgknZ]fe=krk];kjh
22- jksxh µvLoLFk]chekj]#X.k
14
23- 'keZ µykt]yTtk]ladksp]g;k
24- xqLlk µozQks/]dksi]jks"k
25- cpiu µckY;koLFkk]yM+diu]cpiuk
26- gkj µijkt;]ijkHko]f'kdLr]ekr
27- midkj µHkyk]eaxy]dY;k.k]fgr
28- fgEer µlkgl]mRlkg]fnysjh
Li'kZ µ Hkkx&1 osQ izR;sd ikB esa fufgr i;kZ;okph fuEuor fn, tk jgs gSaµ
xn~; ikB
ikB&1 µ /wy (ys[kd µ jkefoykl 'kekZ) 1- u;u µ us=k]vk¡[ksa]ykspu]n`x
2- f'k'kq µ cPpk]ckyd
3- /wy µ xnZ][kkd
4- eq¡g µ eq[k]onu
5- vkleku µ vkdk'k]'kwU;]vacj
6- feV~Vh µ ekVh]e`fRrdk
7- nsg µ 'kjhj]dk;k]oiq
8- lalkj µ nqfu;k]tx]txr
9- thou µ psruk]izk.k]ty]ftanxh
10- pk¡n µ 'kf'k]jkdk]jtuhifr]'k'kkad
11- lw;Z µ fnokdj]ekr±M]fnudj]jfo
12- Lusg µ izse]okRlY;]I;kj
13- uohu µ u;k]uo]uwru]vokZphu
14- 'osr µ /oy]li+ sQn]LoPN
15- gkFk µ gfLr]gLr]dj
16- iSj µ in]pj.k]ix
17- fnu µ fnol]okj]vgku]oklj
18- dfu;k µ xksn]vad
19- foMacuk µ Nyuk]folaxfr
20- ilhuk µ Losn]
15
ikB&2 µ nq[k dk vf/dkj (ys[kd µ ;'kiky) 1- euq"; µ ekuo]vkneh]iq#"k
2- ok;q µ iou]lehj]gok 3- ck”kkj µ gkV]gfV;k 4- cqf<+;k µ o`n~/k]cw<+h 5- mez µ voLFkk]o; 6- vkSjr µ efgyk]ukjh 7- diM+k µ oL=k]vacj]iV 8- vk¡lw µ vJq]ykspukEcq 9- vk¡[ksa µ vf{k]p{kq]ykspu]n`x10- cq[kkj µ Toj]rki11- jkLrk µ iFk]ekxZ]ckV]ex12- bZeku µ lPpkbZ]lR;fu"Bk]fo'okl13- cnu µ ruq]dk;k]'kjhj14- vank”kk µ vuqeku]vVdy]dYiuk15- cspSuh µ ijs'kkuh]O;koqQyrk]?kcjkgV16- xe µ nq%[k]'kksd]ihM+k17- n”kkZ µ LFkku]Lrj]Js.kh18- ”kehu µ /jrh]i`Foh]/jk19- ”kekuk µ le;];qx]vjlk]vof/]dky20- cjdr µ o`n~f/]c<+ksRrjh]izpqjrk]ykHk]lkSHkkX;]i+ Qk;nk
ikB&3 µ ,ojsLV % esjh f'k[kj ;k=kk (ys[kd µ cpsanzh iky) 1- µ vkxs]vkxkeh]is'kxh
2- ny µ >qaM]x.k]o`an]lewg]laxBu
3- uxj µ 'kgj]flVh
4- èot µ irkdk]osQrq]>aMk
5- gok µ iou]ok;q]lehj
6- ci+ ZQ µ fge]ikyk
7- jkLrk µ ekxZ]ckV]iaFk
8- ioZr µ igkM+]ux]fxfj]ikjn
16
9- dksf'k'k µ iz;Ru]iz;kl
10- nksigj µ eè;kg~u]eè;fnol
11- ekrk µ tuuh]vack]ek¡]tUenk=kh
12- firk µ tud]cki]tUenkrk
13- e`R;q µ ekSr]dky]nsgkolku]fu/u
14- /jkry µ /jk]lrg]Hkwry
15- oaQ/k µ va'k]oaQ/j]dk¡/
16- f'k[kj µ pksVh]Ja`x
17- flag µ osQgfj]O;k?kz]'kknwZy]'ksj
18- rEcw µ forku]lk;k]p¡nksok
19- dk;Z µ dkt]dke
20- lqcg µ Hkksj]izkr%dky
21- µ jkdk]jtuh]fu'kk
22- 'kwU; µ vkdk'k]vkleku]vacj
23- ns'k µ eqYd]oru
24- vuwBh µ vn~forh;]vuks[kk]vuqie
ikB&4 µ rqe dc tkvksxs] vfrfFk (ys[kd µ 'kjn tks'kh) 1- fnol µ okj]fnu]okl]fnok
2- rkjh[k µ frfFk]fnukad
3- vfrfFk µ esgeku]vH;kxr]ikgqu
4- pk¡n µ 'kf'k]jtuhifr]lq/kdj
5- pj.k µ in]ik¡o]iSj
6- dey µ tyt]iadt]ljkst
7- i`Foh µ /jk]olaq/jk]vpyk]esfnuh
8- vk'kk µ mEehn]fo'okl]bPNk
9- f”kØ µ ppkZ]o.kZu]mYys[k]izlax
10- vk?kkr µ pksV]/Ddk]izgkj]foifRr
11- mQ"ek µ xjeh]rki]mQtkZ]Hkki
17
12- varjax µ ?kfu"B]xgjk]vkReh;laca/
13- jk{kl µ nSR;]fu'kkpj]nkuo]jtuhpj
14- nsork µ vej]vtj]bZ'oj]ijekRek][kqnk
15- iRuh µ Hkk;kZ]dkark]v/k±fxuh
16- laØe.k µ egkekjh]NqvkNwr]iSQyko
17- miokl µ ozr]HkkstuR;kx
18- fdj.k µ jf'e]va'kq]dj
ikB&5 µ dhpM+ dk dkO; (ys[kd µ dkdk dkysydj) 1- mRrj µ ,dfn'kk]”kokc]gy
2- iwoZ µ ,dfn'kk]igys
3- tyk'k; µ rkykc]iks[kj]rMkx
4- dhpM+ µ dnZe]iad]
5- 'kjhj µ ru]dk;k]oiq]nsg
6- nhoky µ fHkfRr]nhokj]Hkhr
7- unh µ lfjrk]rfVuh]rjafxuh
8- fdukjk µ rV]owQy]dNkj
9- i`"B µ ihNs]fiNyk]iUuk
10- dkjok¡ µ dkfi+ Qyk]lewg]ny]O;kikfj;ksadk>qaM
11- 'kksHkk µ lqanjrk]dkafr]vkHkk
12- gkFkh µ oaqQtj]gLrh]xt
13- oklqnso µ Jho`Q".k]xksfoan]ek/o
14- iRFkj µ ik"kk.k]v'e]ikgu
15- fla/q µ jRukdj]leqnz]mnf/
16- eneLr µ erokyk]eLr
17- Hkkl µ izrhr]vkHkkl]dYiuk]ped
18- o`fRr µ rjhdk]<ax]LoHkko
19- iadt µ ljkst]vacqt]tyt]okfjt
20- vkdk'k µ varfj{k]'kwU;]vkleku]vacj
21- vkd"kZ.k µ laqnj]jkspd
18
ikB&7 µ /eZ dh vkM+ (ys[kd µ x.ks'k'kadj fon~;kFkhZ) 1- ew[kZ µ 'kB]tM+]vKku]fucqZn~f/ 2- pkykd µ piy]prqj]cqn~f/eku 3- xjhc µ nhu]vafdpu]fu/Zu 4- /u µ foRr]laifRr]laink]#i;k]iSlk 5- izk.k µ thou]]thouh'kfDr 6- Lok/hurk µ Lora=krk]vk”kknh 7- laxzke µ ;qn~/]yM+kbZ]lej]j.k]tax 8- ifo=k µ ikou]ikd 9- i'kq µ tkuoj]pkSik;k
ikB&8 µ 'kqØrkjs osQ leku (ys[kd µ Lokeh vkuan) 1- egknso µ uhyoaQB]'kadj]HkksysukFk]dkefjiq 2- okfjl µ mRrjkf/dkjh]gdnkj 3- eqdke µ y{;]Bgjko 4- rkyhe µ f'k{kk]lh[k]lcd]mins'k 5- ftxjh µ ?kfu"B]xgjk 6- :c: µ izR;{k]vkeus&lkeus 7- fxjÝ+ rkj µ oSQn]canh]c¡/kgqvk 8- dgj µ vki+ Qr]eqlhcr]”kqYe 9- ges'kk µ lnSo]'kk'or10- xaxk µ HkkxhjFkh]lqjlfj]nsounh11- ;equk µ jforu;k]jfolqrk]dkfyanh]vdtkZ]o`Q".kk
in~; ikB
ikB&9 µ jSnkl osQ in 1- nhid µ nhi]nh;k]nhok]fpjkx 2- ?ku µ ckny]tyn]es?k]okfjn 3- eksj µ f'k[kh]lkjax]e;wj 4- Lokeh µ ukFk]ekfyd]Hkjrkj 5- 6- xksfoan µ gfjthmQ]Lokeh]bZ'oj
19
ikB&10 µ jghe osQ nksgs 1- jghe µ jgedjusokyk]n;kyq]o`Qikyq
2- izse µ Lusg]I;kjokRlY;]vuqjkx]usg
3- xk¡B µ xazfFk]ca/u]fxjg
4- O;Fkk µ ihM+k]nq[k]d"V]Dys'k
5- ewy µ tM+]cqfu;kn
6- ujs'k µ jktk]i`Foh'k]f{krh'k]u`i
7- iad µ dhpM+]dnZe]ifj{kk
8- mnf/ µ leqnz]lkxj]tyf/]jRukdj
9- e`x µ fgju]gfju
10- nw/ µ xksjl]nqX/]i;]ve`r
11- rjokfj µ ryokj]vfl][kM~x
12- tyt µ iadt]in~e]ljkst]ljh:g]'krny
13- jfo µ lw;Z]Hkkuq]HkkLdj]fnokdj
14- ikuh µ ty]uhj]rks;]lfyy]vkc
ikB&11 µ vknehukek (ys[kd µ u”khj vdcjkcknh) 1- nqfu;k µ tx]lalkj]txr]fo'o
2- ckn'kkg µ lezkV]jktk
3- xnk µ fHk[kkjh]jad]fHk{kqd
4- twrk µ mikug
5- rsx µ ryokj]vfl
6- u”khj µ felky]uewuk],ddfo
ikB&12 µ ,d iwQy dh pkg (ys[kd µ fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr) 1- iwQy µ izlwu]iq"i]oqQlqe
2- pkg µ dkeuk]bPNk]vfHkyk"kk
3- egkekjh µ laØe.k]dksjksuktSlhegkekjh]NqvkNwr
4- ruq µ 'kjhj]dk;k]nsg]xkr
5- va/dkj µ rel]v¡/sjk]re]dkfyek
6- 'kSy µ ioZr]ux]igkM+Hkw/j
20
7- f'k[kj µ pksVh]J`ax
8- eafnj µ nsoky;]nsoLFkku
9- ifj/ku µ oL=k]iV]diM+k]phj]olu
10- ek¡ µ vack]ekrk]tuuh
11- naM µ l”kk]tqjekuk
12- ca/q µ HkkbZ]Hkzkr]lgksnj]rkr
13- Toj µ cq[kkj]rki
14- nsoh µ ekrk]'kfDrLo:ik]vack]Hkokuh
15- laè;k µ lk¡>]lk;adky]xks/wfycsyk]'kke
16- e/qj µ ehBk]Lusg]'kkar
17- dy"kq µ iki]dkfyek
18- 'kh'k µ flj]lj]eLrd][kksiM+h
19- ej?kV µ 'e'kku?kkV]nsgkolkuLFky
ikB&14 µ vfXuiFk (ys[kd µ gfjoa'kjk; cPpu) 1- o`{k µ ikni]isM+]r:]xkN
2- i=k µ iRrk]fpV~Bh][kr
3- vfXu µ vuy]gqrk'ku]og~fu]ikod
4- jDr µ [kwu]thoujl]ygw]#f/j
5- Losn µ ilhuk]JeJq
6- iFk µ jkLrk]ex]ckV]ekxZ
ikB&15 µ • u;s bykosQ esa] • [kw'kcw jprs gSa gkFk (ys[kd µ v#.k dey)
1- edku µ lnu]xsg]fuosQru]vky;
2- Le`fr µ ;knnk'r]Lej.k'kfDr];kkn
3- eqYd µ ns'k]oru]ekr`Hkwfe
4- e'kgwj µ izfln~/]iz[;kr]fo[;kr
5- t[e µ ?kko]pksV
6- vdlj µ izk;%]cgq/k
21
[k- foijhrkFkZd 'kCn (Antonyms)µfoyksedkvFkZgksrkgSmyVk;kfoijhrAfoijhrkFkZd'kCnksadksdjokrsgq,;gè;kuj[ksafdvFkZdkvk/kjrkseq[;gksrkgS_lkFkghrRle&rn~HkodksHkhns[ksavFkkZr'khr'kCndkvFkZBaMkgksukgS]ijarq'khrdkfoykseblvk/kjijxje;kxjehughagksxkvfirqm".kgksxkD;ksafdnksuksaghrRle'kCngSaAblhizdkjmn;dkfNiukughagksldrkAblosQled{kvLrghgksxkAiafMrdkikxyugksdjew[kZgksxkAvr%Nk=kksadksbldkKkuHkyh&Hkk¡frdjknsukpkfg,fdrRledkfoykse'kCnrRlevkSjrn~Hkodkfoykse'kCnrn~HkoghgksxkA
'kCn foykse
1- vdeZd ldeZd
2- vfro`f"V vuko`f"V
3- g"kZ 'kksd
4- vuqowQy izfrowQy
5- viuk ijk;k
6- vYi izpqj
7- viO;; ferO;;
8- vknj fujknj
9- vfuok;Z ,sfPNd
10- vk;kr fu;kZr
11- vkg~oku foltZu
12- lkFkZd fujFkZd
13- fgr vfgr
14- vk'kk fujk'kk
15- vkfLrd ukfLrd
16- b"V vfu"V
17- mRrjk;.k nf{k.kk;u
18- mRFkku iru
19- midkj vidkj
20- ,s'o;Z vuS'o;Z
21- ozQ; foozQ;
22- o`QrK o`Qr?u
'kCn foykse
23- dksey dBksj
24- LoxZ ujd
25- xq.k nks"k
26- xqIr izdV
27- gkj thr
28- vf/d U;wu
29- vukFk lukFk
30- vuqt vxzt
31- ve`r fo"k
32- 'kkafr v'kkafr
33- vuqjkx fojkx
34- vkdk'k ikrky
35- vkfn var
36- vkjksg vojksg
37- vkxs ihNs
38- vkpkj vukpkj
39- vkKk voKk
40- vknku iznku
41- mPp fuEu
42- mRrh.kZ vuqRrh.kZ
43- mnkj vuqnkj
44- ,d vusd
'kCn foykse
45- gkL; #nu
46- doZQ'k e/qj]dksey
47- nqxZe lqxe
48- oqQfVy ljy
49- [kaMu eaMu
50- LokHkkfod vLokHkkfod
51- xjeh ljnh
52- gydk Hkkjh
53- ?k`.kk izse
54- tUe e`R;q
55- t; ijkt;
56- thfor e`r
57- T;s"B dfu"B
58- tkxzr lqIr
59- lqefr oqQefr
60- /hj papy
61- fuHkZ; Hkh#
62- uwru iqjkru
63- fuank Lrqfr
64- fuf'pr vfuf'pr
65- ikyu mYya?ku
66- iwokZ/Z mRrjk/Z
22
'kCn foykse
67- izdk'k va/dkj
68- ljl uhjl
69- f'k"V vf'k"V
70- i{k foi{k
71- LoPN efyu
72- izlUu #"V
73- izR;{k ijks{k
74- iz'kalk fuank
75- ca/u eqfDr]eks{k
76- cky o`n~/
77- ckgj Hkhrj
78- e/qj dVq
79- fLFkj vfLFkj
80- ;'k vi;'k
81- Lora=k ijra=k
'kCn foykse
82- py vpy
83- thou ej.k
84- Kku vKku
85- l`f"V izy;
86- nq[k lq[k
87- /uh fu/Zu
88- uohu izkphu
89- ykHk gkfu
90- oknh izfroknh
91- lqxa/ nqx±/
92- 'kqDy o`Q".k
93- 'k=kq fe=k
94- 'kwj dk;j
95- Lons'k fons'k
96- 'osr ';ke
'kCn foykse
97- lH; vlH;
98- 'kkar v'kkar
99- 'kki ojnku
100-'kq"d vknzZ
101-'kqHk v'kqHk
102-lnkpkj nqjkpkj
103-lcy fucZy
104-la;ksx fo;ksx
105-laiUu foiUu
106-lTtu nqtZu
107-loZnk ;nkdnk
108-l'kDr v'kDr
109-LoLFk vLoLFk
110-jkx n~os"k
Li'kZ µ Hkkx&1 osQ izR;sd ikB esa fufgr foykse 'kCn fuEuor~ fn, tk jgs gSaµxn~; ikB
ikB&1 µ /wy
'kCn foykse
1- ilan ukialn
2- udyh vlyh
3- egRo egRoghu
4- nqHkkZX; lkSHkkX;
5- nqyZHk lqyHk
6- laHko vlaHko
7- lw;kZLr lw;ksZn;
8- lkdkj fujkdkj
9- 'kgj xk¡o
10- izokl okl
11- uohu izkphu
12- vuko';d vko';d
ikB&2 µ nq[k dk vf/dkj
'kCn foykse
1- vM+pu lqxe
2- fcØh [kjhn
3- lehi nwj
4- /eZ v/eZ
5- bZeku csbZeku
6- v¡/sjk mtkyk
7- lkgl nqLlkgl
8- fo;ksx la;ksx
9- 'kksd 'kksdghu
10- nzo Bksl
ikB&3 µ ,ojsLV % esjh f'k[kj ;k=kk
'kCn foykse
1- izFke var
2- dfBure ljyre
3- e`R;q thou
4- Li"V vLi"V
23
5- Lohdkj vLohdkj
6- o`QrK o`Qr?u
7- vfu;fer fu;fer
8- vfuf'pr fuf'pr
9- vkjksgh vojksgh
10- vLFkkbZ LFkkbZ
11- igyk vkf[kjh
12- xje BaMk
13- miyC/ vuqiyC/
14- jkf=k fnol
15- vkjksg.k vojksg.k
16- larqyu vlarqyu
17- n`';rk vn`';rk
18- vuqowQy izfrowQy
19- laqnj vlqanj
20- fo[;kr lk/kj.k
ikB&4 µ rqe dc tkvksxs] vfrfFk
'kCn foykse
1- fuLladksp ladksplfgr
2- Kkr vKkr
3- mPp fuEu
4- mRlkg grksRlkg@
vuqRlkg
5- vk'kk fujk'kk
6- vkxzg vukxzg
7- lqyHk nqyZHk
8- jk{kl nsork
9- fo'okl vfo'okl
10- vukSipkfjdvkSipkfjd
11- fueZwy ewy
12- vn`'; n`';
13- gYdh Hkkjh
14- ifjfpr vifjfpr
15- nsork jk{kl
16- lqjf{kr vlqjf{kr
ikB&5 µ dhpM+ dk dkO;
'kCn foykse
1- vkd"kZd vukd"kZd@
fod"kZd
2- 'osr ';ke
3- mRrj nf{k.k@iz'u@vuqRrj
4- i`Foh vkdk'k
5- xank lki+ Q
6- rVLFk i{kikrh
7- lery vlery
8- r`fIr vr`fIr
9- tkxzr lqlqIr
10- frjLdkj lEeku
ikB&7 µ /eZ dh vkM+
'kCn foykse
1- /eZ v/eZ
2- lk/kj.k vlk/kj.k
3- nq#i;ksx lnqi;ksx
4- vfu;af=kr fu;af=kr
5- Lok/hurk ij/hurk
6- fuLlansg lansg;qDr
7- laxzke laf/
8- mnkj vuqnkj
9- ukfLrd vkfLrd
10- yketgc etgc
11- lq[k nq[k
12- lnkpkj nqjkpkj
13- vifo=k ifo=k
14- lqxe nqxZe
ikB&8 µ 'kqØrkjs osQ leku
'kCn foykse
1- leku vleku
2- izdkf'kr vizdkf'kr
3- lqcg 'kke
4- vn`'; n`';
5- lR; vlR;
6- vuk;kl vk;kl
7- leFkZ vleFkZ
dkO;[kaM ls foykse 'kCn
'kCn foykse
1- Lokeh lsod
2- izse ?k`.kk
3- ujs'k jad
4- cM+kbZ fuank
5- ckn'kkg jad
6- va/dkj izdk'k
7- Loho`Qr vLoho`Qr
8- vuqt vxzt
9- foJkar vfoJkar
10- dksey dBksj
11- vafre izkjaHk
12- o`Q'k vo`Q'k
24
x- Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd 'kCn (Homophones)µcgqr&ls'kCn,d&vk/v{kj;kek=kkosQi+ QoZQosQckotwnlquusesa,d&lsyxrsgSa]foaQrqmuosQvFkZesadki+ QhvarjjgrkgSA,sls'kCnksadksJqfrle (lquus esa ,d&tSls yxusokys) fHkUukFkZd (foaQr vFkZ esa fHkUurk j[kusokys)dgktkrkgSAuhpsmnkgj.kLo:ioqQN,sls'kCnfn,tkjgsgSaµ
1- vuyµvkx vfuyµgok 2- vis{kkµbPNk mis{kkµvuknj 3- vuqµihNs v.kqµd.k 4- vof/µfuf'prle; vo/hµvo/Hkk"kk 5- vè;Zµiwtuh; v/Zµvk/k 6- gkjµijkt; gkM+µgM~Mh 7- vklUuµfudV vkluµcSBusdhoLrq 8- vkfnµvkjaHk vknhµvH;Lr 9- vkgqrµ;Kesafn;kx;k vkgwrµvkeaf=kr10- vyhµl[kh vfyµHkkSajk11- b=kµlsaV(lqxa/) brjµnwljk12- mijDrµHkksx&foyklesa
yhu mijrµfojDr13- mn~;rµrS;kj mn~/rµmn~naM
14- o`Qrµfd;kgqvk
ozQhrµ[kjhnkgqvk
15- ozQeµflyflyk
deZµdk;Z
16- o`Qfrµdk;Z]jpuk
o`QrhµvkKkdkjh
17- oqQyµlc]oa'k
owQyµfdukjk
18- dfyµdfy;qx
dyhµv/f[kykiwQy
19- d'kµpkcqd
d"kµdlkSVh
20- oaQxkyµfHk[kkjh
oaQdkyµgM~fM;ksadk<¡kpk
21- dkslµnwjhdheki
dks"kµ[k”kkuk
22- dfi'kµHkwjk
dih'kµcanjksadkjktk
23- xtµgkFkh
x”kµ,deki
24- fpjµcgqrle;]nh?kZ
phjµoL=k
25- gfjµfo".kq
gjhµgjsjaxdh
26- tokuµ;qok
”kckuµthHk
27- tjkµo`n~/koLFkk
”kjkµFkksM+k
28- tcµftlle;
toµosx]tkS
29- gj.khµgjuh(eknkfgj.k)
gjf.kµlw;Z
30- fnuµfnol
nhuµnfjnz
31- nwrµlaoknokgd
n~;wrµtqvk
32- n~foiµgkFkh
n~ohiµVkiw
33- nkoµtaxydhvkx
nkcµncko
34- uhM+µ?kksalyk
uhjµty
35- uSfrµftldkvarugks
uSrhµeFkkuhdhjLlh
36- ukjhµL=kh
ukM+hµuCt
37- izlknµÑr
izklknµegy
38- izokyµew¡xk
izokjµoL=k
39- ikuhµty
ikf.kµgkFk
25
40- ik'kµca/u]tky
iklµfudV
41- ifj"kn~µlHkk
ik"kZnµifj"kn~osQlnL;
42- izÑrµizlaxxr]LokHkkfod
izkÑrµ,dizkphuHkk"kk
43- iqjµuxj
iwjµvkf/D;]ck<+
44- I+kQuµdyk]gquj
iQuµlk¡idkiQu
45- cfyµcfynku
cyhµ'kfDr'kkyh
46- oklµfuokl
cklµxa/
47- ckjµnI+kQk
okjµfnu]pksV
48- ckykµyM+dh
okykµ,dizR;;
49- ckrµopu
okrµgok
50- cnuµ'kjhj
onuµeq[k
51- ck.kµrhj
ckuµvknr]jLlh
52- es?kµckny
es/µ;K
53- jktµjktkdkjkT;
jk”kµjgL;
54- y{kµyk[k
y{;µmn~ns';
55- lgjµlcsjk
'kgjµuxj
56- foLrjµfoLrkj
fcLrjµfcNkou
57- fo"kµ”kgj
folµdeydkMaBy
58- okjh'kµleqnz
ckfj'kµo"kkZ
59- ojnµojnsusokyk
fojnµ;'k
60- 'keµ'kkafr
leµcjkcj
61- 'kjµck.k
ljµrkykc
62- 'kDyµ[kaM]lw[kkÑfr
'kdyµiwjk
63- lqdjµlgt
lwdjµlwvj
64- 'krhµlkSdklewg
lrhµifrozrk
65- 'kqfDrµlhi
lwfDrµvPNhmfDr
66- 'kadjµf'ko
ladjµfefJr]nksxyk
67- 'kwjµohj
lwjµva/k]lw;Z
68- 'kIrµ'kkiik;kgqvk
lIrµlkr(la[;k)
69- 'kcµjkr
lcµlaiw.kZ
70- 'kkykµ?kj
lkykµiRuhdkHkkbZ
71- 'koZµ'kadj
loZµlHkh
72- lq/hµfon~oku
lqf/µ;kn
73- 'kkarµ/S;Z;qr]pqi
lkarµvar&lfgr
74- 'kqYdµI+kQhl
'kqDyµ'osr
75- lqrµiq=k
lwrµlkjFkh
76- lwphµrkfydk
'kqfpµifo=k
26
Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd
uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, bl izdkj okD; cuk,¡ fd nksuksa dk vFkZ Li"V gks t,µ
1- vis{kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mis{kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- n~foi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n~ohi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- iQu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iQ.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- ik'k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ikl ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- vUu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vU; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- ckr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
okr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- en ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
en~; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8- vkfn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vknh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9- deZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Øe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10- x`g ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
xzg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11- vkdj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vkdkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12- izlkn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
izklkn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
13- rqjax ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rjax ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14- tjk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
”kjk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15- uhM+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
uhj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16- ewY; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ewy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17- fuèkZu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fuèku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18- Hkou ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hkqou ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19- ikuh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ikf.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20- n'kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fn'kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21- 'kL=k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'kkL=k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22- lky ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'kky ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23- tyn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tyt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24- rjf.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rj.kh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25- vidkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
midkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26- x.kuk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x<+uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28
i;kZ;okph 'kCn
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rhu&rhu i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ
1- va/dkj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
2- vfXu --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
3- vK --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
4- vPNk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
5- vfrfFk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
6- vèke --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
7- vuqpj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
8- vuqie --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
9- vieku --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
10- ve`r --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
11- v'o --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
12- vlqj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
13- vgadkj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
14- vkdk'k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
15- vkKk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
16- vkuan --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
17- vkHkw"k.k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
18- vk¡[k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
19- banz --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
20- bZ'oj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
21- mUufr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
22- miou --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
23- diM+k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
24- dey --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
25- dkenso --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
26- fdukjk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
29
27- o`Qik --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
28- o`Q".k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
29- dks;y --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
30- [ky --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
31- xaxk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
32- xt --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
33- x.ks'k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
34- x`g --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
35- panz --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
36- prqj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
37- taxy --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
38- ty --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
39- ryokj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
40- rkjk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
41- rkykc --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
42- rhj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
43- nk¡r --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
44- nkl --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
45- fnu --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
46- nq[k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
47- nqxkZ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
48- nks"k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
49- nwèk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
50- nsork --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
51- èku --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
52- èkuq"k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
53- èotk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
54- unh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
55- ukjh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
30
56- ukSdk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
57- izkr% --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
58- i{kh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
59- ifr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
60- iRrk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
61- iRFkj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
62- iRuh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
63- ioZr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
64- iou --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
65- ikoZrh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
66- iq=k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
67- iq=kh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
68- iq"i --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
69- i`Foh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
70- izfln~èk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
71- izse --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
72- canj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
73- cky --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
74- ckyd --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
75- czg~ek --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
76- eNyh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
77- e/qi --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
78- euq"; --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
79- e;wj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
80- ekrk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
81- fe=k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
82- e`R;q --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
83- es?k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
84- ;e --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
31
85- ;equk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
86- ;qn~/ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
87- jDr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
88- jktk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
89- jkr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
90- y{eh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
91- fo".kq --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
92- o`{k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
93- 'k=kq --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
94- 'kjhj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
95- 'kksHkk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
96- lewg --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
97- ljLorh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
98- lk¡i --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
99- lkxj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
100- flag --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
101- flj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
102- lqanj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
103- lw;Z --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
104- lsuk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
105- lkSan;Z --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
106- LoxZ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
107- Lo.kZ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
108- guqeku --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
109- fgju --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
32
okD;&fopkj (Sentence)
1- gesa xanxh ugha iSQykuh pkfg,A 2- gekjh laLÑfr cgqr iqjkuh gSA
3- izkÑfrd n`'; cgqr lqanj gSA 4- fnO;e esjk fe=k FkkA
tcHkhgesaviuseudhckrnwljksardigq¡pkuhgksrhgS;kfdlhlsckrphrdjuhgksrhgSrksgeokD;ksadklgkjkysdjcksyrsgSaAmi;qZDrmnkgj.kksaesadbZ'kCnksa(inksa)dkiz;ksxgqvkgSAosO;ofLFkr:ils,d&nwljslsfeydjiw.kZvFkZizdVdjjgsgSaA
inksa osQ O;ofLFkr :Ik rFkk ,sls ikjLifjd esy dks] ftlls iw.kZ vFkZ dk cks/ gks rFkk ftlesa drkZ] deZ vkSj fØ;k dh O;oLFkk gks] okD; dgk tkrk gSA
okD; dh fo'ks"krk,¡µ (i) okD;Hkk"kk;kfopkjdksO;DrdjrsgSaA (ii) okD;ksadhjpukinca/ksa;k'kCnksaosQ;ksxlsgksrhgSA (iii) okD;esalHkhinO;kdjf.kdfu;eksaesac¡èkdjvkrsgSaA (iv) okD;esa'kCnksadkfuf'prØegksrkgSAfo'ks"kµdHkh&dHkhoqQN'kCnksaesaHkhviusfopkj;kHkkodksizdVfd;ktkldrkgS_tSlsµ igykµtkvksxs\ nwljkµdgk¡\ igykµLowQyA nwljkµdc\ igykµdy nwljkµBhdgSA (i) okD;Hkk"kk;kfopkjdksO;DrdjrsgSaA
okD; osQ xq.k d- lkFkZdrkµ okD;jpukosQfy,;gvko';dgSfdmlesaiz;qDrlHkhinlkFkZdgksaA;fn
okD;dkdksbZHkhva'kfujFkZdgksrksmllsvFkZesack/kiM+rhgSAè;kujgs]dHkh&dHkhfujFkZd'kCnokD;esaiz;qDrgksusijvFkZokugkstkrsgSa_tSlsµikuh&okuh]jksVh&cksVhA
[k- ;ksX;rkµ ;ksX;rkdkvFkZgS{kerkAbldkvFkZ;ggSfd'kCnlkFkZdgksavkSjizlaxosQvuqlkjokD;dkvFkZHkhLi"VgksA;fn,slkughagksrkrksogokD;ughadgykrkgSAmnkgj.kkFkZµeSaikuh[kkrkgw¡A?kksM+k?kklihrkgSAikuhurks[kk;ktkrkgSu?kklihtkrhgSA;n~;filHkh'kCnlkFkZdgSaAysfduosokD;osQvFkZdksLi"VdjusesavleFkZgSaA
x- vkdka{kkµ vkdka{kkdkvFkZgSbPNkA okD;vius&vkiesaiwjkgksukpkfg,Amlesafdlh'kCndhdehosQdkj.kvFkZ&izkfIrdhftKklkcuhujgtk,_tSlsµdjjgsgSa]yM+osQ
33
djjgsgSa]yM+osQ[kqnkbZdjjgsgSaAigysosQnksuksaokD;ksaesadkSuvkSjD;k dhftKklkcuhjgrhgSA;snksuksaokD;ftKklkdhiwfrZughadjikrsblfy,viw.kZgSatcfdrhljkokD;iw.kZokD;gSA
?k- vklfDr ;k fudVrkµ okD;osQ'kCnksadkscksyusrFkk fy[kusesamfprfudVrkgksuhpkfg,Acgqr#d&#ddj;ktYnh&tYnhcksyuslsokD;vFkZdksLi"VdjusesavleFkZjgrsgSaAmlhizdkjfy[krsle;Hkh'kCnksaosQchpmfprnwjhcuk,j[kuhpkfg,A
mnkgj.kr;kµge---------------fon~;ky;---------------tkrs---------------gSa
Ä- inØeµ okD;dklghvFkZtkuusosQfy,'kCnksadkmfprØeesaiz;qDrgksukvko';dgSAinØeksaosQfu;eksadkmYy?kaudjuslsokafNrvFkZughafudyrkA;FkkµmRFkkuns'kifjJeviusdjusdjrsokysdkgSAbldkØegksxkµifjJedjusokysviusns'kdkmRFkkudjrsgSaA
p- vUo;µvUo;dkvFkZgSµesyAokD;esadrkZ]deZ]fØ;kosQfyax]opu]dkjdvkSjiq#"kesaesygksukpkfg,AblosQfcukHkhvFkZesaO;o/kuvktkrkgS_tSlsµ
geuslkS#i;sls;gf[kykSuk[kjhnhA (esa) ([kjhnk)
okD; osQ vaxokD;osQnksvaxgksrsgSaµ
d- mn~ns';(Subject) [k- fo/s;(Predicate)
d-mn~ns';
1-vè;kidO;kdj.ki<+kjgsgSaA 4-fnus'k[kkuk[kkjgkgSA
2-foeyck”kkjtkrkgSA 5-ikoZrhdiM+sflyjghgSA
3-oqQN Nk=keSnkuesa[ksyjgsgSaA 6-izsepanusvusddgkfu;k¡fy[khaA
mi;qZDrmnkgj.kksaesa^vè;kid*]^foey*]^oqQNNk=k]^fnus'k*]^ioZrh*]^izsepan*mn~ns';gSaD;ksafdbuosQfo"k;esaoqQNdgkx;kgSAmn~ns';dks^drkZ*HkhdgrsgSaAokD;esaftlosQfo"k;esaoqQNckrdghtk,]ogmn~ns'; dgykrkgSA
[k-fo/s;
mi;qZDr okD;ksa esa mn~ns';ksa osQ ckjs esa oqQN&u&oqQNdgk x;k gSA ^O;kdj.k i<+k jgs gSa*µvè;kid*osQfo"k;esa_^ck”kkjtkrkgSA*µ^foey*osQfo"k;esa_^eSnkuesa[ksyjgsgSa*µ^oqQNNk=k*osQfo"k;esa_^[kkuk[kkjgkgS*µ^fnus'k*osQfo"k;esa_diM+sflyjghgS*µ^ikoZrh*osQfo"k;esa_^vusddgkfu;k¡fy[kha*µ^izsepan*osQfo"k;esadgkx;kgSAvr%;sfo/s;gSaA
34
okD;esamn~ns';osQfo"k;esatksoqQNdgktk,]mlsfo/s; dgrsgSaA
mn~ns';vkSjfo/s;dksle>usosQfy,uhpsnhxbZrkfydkdksè;kulsif<+,µ]
mn~ns'; fo/s; iw.kZ okD;
lqHkk"k [ksyrkgSA lqHkk"k[ksyrkgSA
izseoqQekj i=kfy[krkgSA izseoqQekji=kfy[krkgSA
rqe xkM+hpykrsgksA rqexkM+hpykrsgksA
pksjh djukikigSA pksjhdjukikigSA
ew[kZ HksncrknsrkgSA ew[kZHksncrknsrkgSA
mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s; dk foLrkj1- mn~ns'; dk foLrkjµdHkh&dHkhokD;esamn~ns';osQckjsesacrkusosQfy,nwljs'kCnksadk
Hkhlgkjkfy;ktkrkgSAbunwljs'kCnksadksmn~ns';dkfoLrkjdgrsgSa_tSlsµ
[kaM (d) [kaM ([k)
d-o`{kksadkserdkVksA iQyksa ls Hkjso`{kksadkserdkVksA
[k- ?kksM+knkSM+jgkgSA dkyk?kksM+knkSM+jgkgSA
x- guqekuusyadktyknhA ohjguqekuusyadktyknhA
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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42
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43
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