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KERANGKA TEORKERANGKA KON
KERANGKA KAJIARaja Nadia binti Raja Ismail Nor Farain binti Taib (P826!
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T"ori
• Kons", ata+ d".nisi *an m"nambar&an $"nom"nasist"mati& m"lal+i +b+nan antara /ariabl" (,"mbold"nan t+j+an m"nj"las&an $"nom"na alam
• Sat+ "n"ralisasi di mana &ita #+ba +nt+& m"nj"las&a
$"nom"na dalam #ara *an sist"mati&1
• T"ori"s ar" #onstr+#t"d in ord"r to "0,lain- ,r"di#t amast"r ,"nom"na (r"lationsi,- "/"nts- b"a/ior)
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P"ranan &"ran&a t"ori dalam,"n*"lidi&an
• '"njadi &"ran&a ,"mi&iran dalam ,"n*"lidi&an
• '"mbant+ ,"n*"lidi& dalam m"n*+s+n i,ot"sis &ajia
• '"mban+n&an id"aid"a *an di,"rol" dari,ada da&ajian
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• "l,s t" r"s"ar#"r to s"" #l"arl* t" /ariabl"s o$ t
• Pro/id" t" r"s"ar#"r %it t" "n"ral $ram"%or& $o
anal*sis
• E0,lanation o$ t" t"or"ti#al $ram"%or& "l,s t" r"+nd"rstand *o+r ,"rs,"#ti/" and #ont"0t
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"/"lo,in t" $ram"%or&s
31 E0amin" t" t"sis titl" and r"s"ar# ,robl"m
4 An#ors t" "ntir" st+d*
4 Forms t" basis to #onstr+#t *o+r t"or"ti#al $ram"%or&
21 5rainstorm abo+t %at *o+ #onsid"r to b" t" &"* /ain *o+r r"s"ar#
4 at $a#tors #ontrib+t" to t" ,r"s+m"d "7"#t
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91 R"/i"% r"lat"d lit"rat+r"
4 Find o% s#olars a/" addr"ss"d *o+r r"s"ar# :+"stion
;1
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!1 R"/i"% &"* so#ial s#i"n#" t"ori"s
4 T"ori"s tat ar" introd+#"d in t" #o+rs" r"adin
4 =oos" t" b"st t"or* tat "0,lain t" r"lationsi, b"t%""n/ariabl"s
61 is#+ss t" ass+m,tion or ,ro,osition o$ t"ori"s
4 Point o+t t" r"l"/an#" to *o+r r"s"ar#
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KERANGKA KONSEP(#on#",t+al $ram"%or&)
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• '"nj"las&an baaimana t"ori b"r+b+n d"nan /ariabl" *an dsama ada /ariabl" b"bas (ind","nd"nt) ata+ /ariabl" t"ri&at (d"
•
It is +s"d in r"s"ar# to o+tlin" ,ossibl" #o+rs"s or a#tion or to ,,r"$"rr"d a,,roa# to an id"a or to+t
• Tro+ t" #on#",t+al $ram"%or&- r"s"ar#"r #an b" abl" to sr"lationsi, o$ t" di7"r"nt #onstr+#ts tat " %ants to in/"stia
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P+r,os" o$ =on#",t+al Fram"%
• To #lari$* #on#",ts and ,ro,os" r"lationsi, amon t" #on#",tsst+d*
• Pro/id" a #ont"0t $or int"r,r"tin t" .ndins
• E0,lain obs"r/ations
• En#o+ra" t"or* d"/"lo,m"nt tat is +s"$+l to ,ra#ti#"1
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K"ran&a Kons", *an bai&
• @ariabl" *an di&aji ,"rl+ j"las
• '"nj"las&an +b+nan antara /ariabl" *an di&aji- dan m"m,+n*an m"n*o&onn*a
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KERANGKA KAJIAN(r"s"ar# $ram"%or&)
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K"ran&a Kajian
• A #oll"#tion o$ tins to as& and obs"r/" in ,arti#+lar #ont"0t- at" #ont"0t+al a,,ro,riat" t"#ni:+"s $or doin so
•
In#l+d"s ,ro#"ss $or int"ratin r"s"ar#data
• In#l+d"s a s,"#i.# m"todoi"s $or ma&in o$ t" ra% r"s"ar#
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• A #oll"#tion o$ tins to as& and obs"r/" in ,arti#+lar #ont"0t- a
t" #ont"0t+al a,,ro,riat" t"#ni:+"s $or doin so
• In#l+d"s ,ro#"ss $or int"ratin r"s"ar#data
•
In#l+d"s a s,"#i.# m"todoi"s $or ma&in o$ t" ra% r"s"ar#
• "s#ri,tion o$ ba#&ro+nd in$ormation and r"s"ar# :+"stion
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A "n"ral r"s"ar# $ram"%or&
• t"r" ar" som" #ommon "l"m"nts to r"s"ar# ,roj"#ts %i# #ato sa," t" %ol" a#ti/it*1
4 Probl"m
4 B+"stion
4 >*,ot"sis4 "sin
4 ata
4 Anal*sis
4 #on#l+sion
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• Probl"m
o Starts %it a ,robl"m tat ad b""n d"t"rmin"d %it
broad ar"a o$ int"r"st
o Indi#ation o$ som"tin idd"n tat mit b" r"/"al"
o An a,,ar"nt r"lationsi, b"t%""n it"ms %i# is not b* #+rr"nt t"ori"s
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• "sin
o
=riti#al sta"s as an in#orr"#t d"sin %ill ,rod+#" in/+s"l"ss data %i# $als" #on#l+sion #an b" dra%n
o It is to d"t"rmin" a m"tod %i# #r"at"s a##+rat" adata %i# /alid #on#l+sion #an b" dra%n
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• ata
o
So%s %at data is n""d"d and o% t" data %ill b"
o =oosin t" rit data as a /"r* sini.#ant "7"#t anal*sis and #on#l+sion
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• Anal*sis
o
T+rnin t" data into +s"$+l in$ormation
o It #an b" :+it" so,isti#at"d as t"r" ar" man* tri,%iin$ormation d"ri/"d is not as sini.#ant as mit b" s
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• =on#l+sion
o
T" anal*sis is r"/i"%"d and s,"#i.# #on#l+sions drar"lat" to t" oriinal :+"stion and *,ot"sis
o Tis #an in#l+d" #on#l+sion abo+tC T" "0ist"nt or not o$ som"tin =orr"lation b"t%""n t%o /ariabl"s
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=li#& i#on to add ,i#t+r"
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=li#& i#on to add ,i#t+r"
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