WTP-459 - World Bank Documents
81
WTP-459 RUSSIAN Ukraine Review of farm Restructuring experience I F.ILE COPYI Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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Transcript of WTP-459 - World Bank Documents
WTP-459 RUSSIAN
Ukraine Review of farm
Restructuring experience
I F.ILE COPYI
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OCHOBe !OpH,D,H4eCKHX JIHQ
K03cpcpHQHeHT ,D,po6neHH5I Ha 1,1 42
OCHOBe BCeX X035IHCTBeHHhiX
e)J,HHHQ
*Ha OCHOBe f10JIHOH HHcpOpMaiJ;HH 0 299 X035IHCTBax.
PacnpeAeileHI!te X03JIMCTB-npaBonpeeMHI!tKOB B paMK3X AOHOpCKI!tX npoeKTOB
"PoHKo"/ AMP CWA
YacTHble noApaJ,QeneHHSl
87%
PHCYHOK 2.1.
YacTHble noApaJ,QeneHHSl
71%
MCI>K
npeAnpHSlTHSl 13%
ITpHHUHII rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "KaprHnn"/6pHTaHcKoro ¢oH,IJ,a "Hoy-Xay" 3aKmoqaeTC5l
B ,IJ,eJieHHH Ka:>K,IJ,OrO MaTepHHCKOrO X035IHCTBa Ha O.IJ.HY "3eMeJihHyiO KOMIIaHHIO", KOTOpa5I
BJia,IJ,eeT BCell: 3eMJieH H He BJia,IJ,eeT aKTHBaMH, H O.IJ.HY HJIH HeCKOJihKO "HMyiiJ;eCTBeHHhiX
KOMIIaHHH", KOTOphie BJia,IJ,eiOT BCeMH aKTHBaMH H He BJia,IJ,eiOT 3eMJieH. 3aTeM 3eMJI5l
apeH,IJ,yeTC5l y 3eMeJihHhiX KOMIIaHHH B IIOJih3Y HMyiiJ;eCTBeHHhiX KOMIIaHHH C u;eJihiO
2. flpoeKmbt peopzaHu3alfUU, ynpa6JleHue KomopbtMU ocyUfeCm6Jl5!JOm Me:J/CoyHapooHbte ooHopbt 15
o6pa6oTKII. I151Th X0351HCTB B paMKax rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "Kaprmm"/6piiTaHCKoro <PoH,[(a
"Hoy-Xay" B 0J(eCCKOH 06JiaCTII peopraHII30BaJIIICh B 5 3eMeJihHhiX II 25 IIMyliieCTBeHHhiX
KOMIIaHIIH, II3 HIIX: 16 CIIe!IIIaJIII3IIpYJOTC51 Ha OCHOBHOM CeJihCKOX0351HCTBeHHOM
rrpOII3BO,[(CTBe II 9 - Ha rrepepa60TKe IIJIII rrpe,[(OCTaBJieHIIII X0351HCTBeHHhiX ycnyr. 0J(eCCKIIH
rrpoeKT He IIpiiBeJI K CKOJibKO-HII6yJ(h cymeCTBeHHOMY C03,[(aHIIIO He3aBIICIIMhiX qaCTHhiX
X0351HCTB. TaK, 06liiiiH K03<P<PIII!IIeHT J(p06JieHII51 COCTaBJI51eT 5; K03<P<PIII!IIeHT J(p06JieHII51
Ha OCHOBe IIMyliieCTBeHHhiX KOMIIaHIIH, CIIe!IIIaJIII3IIPYJOliiiiXC51 Ha OCHOBHOM
CeJihCKOX0351HCTBeHHOM IIpOII3BO,[(CTBe (JIIIIIIh Te, KOTOphie <PaKTIIqecKII IICIIOJih3YJOT 3eMJIIO)
rro-rrpe:)lmeMy OTHOCIITeJihHO BhiCOKIIH - 3,2. TeM He MeHee, 3TII cpe,[(HIIe I!II<Ppni 51BJI51IOTC51
o6MaHqiiBhiMII: 60Jihllla51 qacTb IIMyliieCTBeHHbiX KOMIIaHIIH (20 II3 25) 51BJI51IOTC51
pe3yJinTaTOM J(p06JieHII51 JIIIIIIh ,[(Byx MaTepiiHCKIIX X0351HCTB; OCTaJibHhie Tpii MaTepiiHCKIIX
X0351HCTBa IIpiiBeJIII, B I!eJIOM, K C03,[(aHIIIO JIIIIIIb 5 IIMyliieCTBeHHhiX KOMIIaHIIH (J(eTaJihHa51
IIH<PopMa!III51 rrpeJ(cTaBJieHa B Ta6.11uu;e 2. 7).
!OpuouttecKue ¢opMbl. ITpoeKThi peopraHII3a!IIIII X0351HCTB M<I>K II <PIIPMhi "PoHKo"
IIpiiBeJIII K C03,[(aHIIIO pa3JIIIqHhiX rrpeJ(IIpii51TIIH (IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIX JIIII!) II qaCTHhiX X0351HCTB
( <PII3IIqeCKIIX JIIII!), TOr,[(a KaK 0,[(eCCKIIH rrpoeKT <l>IIpMbi "KapriiJIJI"/opiiTaHCKOrO <l>OH,[(a
"Hoy-Xay" IIpiiBeJI K C03,[(aHIIIO JIIIIIIh IOpii,[(IIqecKIIX JIIII! 6e3 o6pa30BaHII51 KaKIIX 6hi TO HII
6nmo IIHJ(IIBIIJ(YaJihHhiX qacTHhiX X0351HCTB. Ecnii 6a30Bhie X0351HCTBa 6niJIII J(O
peopraHII3al!IIII rrpeiiMyliieCTBeHHO KOJIJieKTIIBHhiMII CeJihCKOX0351HCTBeHHhiMII
rrpeJ(IIpii51TII51MII (KCIJ) (HarrpiiMep, 85% ITO rrpoeKTy <l>IIpMbi "POHKo"), Haii60Jiee
IIOIIY1I51pHOH opraHII3a!IIIOHHOH <PopMOH rrpeJ(IIpii51TIIH-rrpaBorrpeeMHIIKOB B
Me)l{,[(yHapOJ(HhiX ,[(OHOpCKIIX rrpoeKTaX 51BJI51eTC51 KOMIIaHII51 C orpaHIIqeHHOH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO. Ha 3TY rrpaBOBYJO <PopMy rrpiiXOJ(IITC51 87% rrpeJ(rrpii51TIIH
rrpaBorrpeeMHIIKOB B rrpoeKTe M<I>K II 57% - B rrpoeKTe <PIIPMhi "PoHKo" (Ta6.11uu;a 2.5). ITpoeKT <PIIPMhi "Kapriinn"/EpiiTaHcKoro <PoH,[(a "Hoy-Xay", rro-BIIJ(IIMoMy, cocpeJ(OTOqiiJI
BHIIMaHIIe Ha KOMIIaHIIII C orpaHIIqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThlO KaK IICKJIIOqiiTeJihHOH <PopMe
opraHII3a!IIIII peopraHII30BaHHhiX rrpe,[(IIpii51TIIH: BCe 3eMeJibHhie II IIMyliieCTBeHHbie
KOMIIaHIIII, OXBaqeHHbie 3TIIM IIpOeKTOM, 3aperiiCTpiipOBaHbi KaK KOMIIaHIIII C
orpaHIIqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO. KoMrraHII51 c orpaHIIqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO ropa3J(O
MeHee IIOIIY1I51pHa cpe,[(II J(06pOBOJihHO peopraHII30BaHHhiX X0351HCTB, r,[(e JIIIIIIh 12% 3aperiiCTpiipOBaHbi B KaqecTBe IIMeHHO TaKOH <PopMbi. HII O,[(IIH II3 Me)I{J(yHapOJ(HhiX
,[(OHopcKIIX rrpoeKTOB He ,[(aJI 3HaqiiTeJibHOro qiicJia KCIT, OJ(HaKo, KCIT 51BJI51eTC51
rrpe,[(IIOqTIITeJibHOH opraHII3a!IIIOHHOH <PopMOH cpe,[(II J(06pOBOJibHO peopraHII30BaHHhiX
X0351HCTB (51%, CMOTpH Ta6Jiuu.y 2.5). KpoMe Toro, uccne,n;oBaHne 1996 r. rroKa.Jano, qTo
CBhiiiie 50% KpyrrHhiX X0351HCTB B YKpaiiHe OTHOC51TC51 K KaTeropiiii KCIT (cMoTpii CChiJIKY B
CHOCKe 1 Ha CTp. 1 ).
ITpoeKT "PoHKo" ,[(aJI BhiCOKIIH rroKa3aTeJih qacTHhiX rrpeJ(rrpii51TIIH (20% ), KOTOpbie
51BJI51IOTC51 IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIMII JIIII!aMII B co6cTBeHHOCTII O,[(Horo BJia,[(eJih!Ia. HeKOTOphie II3 3TIIX
qacTHbiX rrpe,[(IIpii51TIIH MoryT IIMeTb CXO,[(Hbie qepTbi C qacTHbiMII X0351HCTBaMII C TOll JIIIIIIb
pa3HIII!eti, qTo rrocne,[(HIIe 51BJI51IOTC51 <PII3IIqecKIIMII, a He IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIMII JIIII!aMII. TeM He
MeHee, HeKOTOphie II3 3TIIX qaCTHhiX rrpe,[(IIpii51TIIH KJiaCCII<l>III!IIpYJOTC51 KaK "qacTHbie
apeH,[(Hhie rrpeJ(IIpii51TII51", T.e. rrpe,[(IIpii51TII51 B C06CTBeHHOCTII O,[(HOrO BJia,[(eJih!Ia, KOTOpbie
KpOMe o6pa60TKII 3eMJIII B qacTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTII TaK)I{e apeH,[(YJOT 3HaqiiTeJihHOe
KOJIIIqecTBO 3eMJIII y <PII3IIqecKIIX JIIII! II rrpeJ(rrpii51TIIH. ITo cTaTIICTIIKe M<I>K, qacTHhie
rrpeJ(IIpii51TII51 He Bbl,[(eJieHhi OT,[(eJibHO: OHII pacrrpe,[(eJI51IOTC51 cpe,[(II qaCTHbiX X0351HCTB II
rrpoqiix IOpiiJ(IIqecKIIX <PopM.
16 YKpaww: Onblm peopzaHu3atfuu ce!lbCKoxo35!iicmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu e YKpauHe
Ta6mn~a 2.5. Oprami3aUJIOHHbie <iJopMbi _peoprami3oBaHHbiX X0351HCTB
OpramBaUHOHHa51 cpopMa l M<DK I "PoHCKillAo"/AMP 1 CnoHTaHHa51 ~eC~KTYPH3all,H51
Ilpe,IJ,npH51THH- 102 3 54 51 npasonpeeMHHKOB, scero
AKUHOHepHa51 KOMnaHH51
KoMnaHH511TosapmuecTBO c
orpaHWICHHOH
OTBCTCTBCHHOCTblO
Y.acTHOe npe,IJ,npH51THe
KonneKTHBHoe
CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHOe
npe,IJ,npH51THe
CenhcKOX0351HCTBeHHhiH
KoonepaTHB
Ilpo<me IOpHJJ,WICCKHe cpopMbl
II epepacnpeoene11ue 3eMnu.
3% 87%
8%
2%
12% 57%
20% 8%
3%
24% 12%
2% 51%
11%
ITpoeKTbi <iJupMbi "PoHKo" H M<l>K rrpHBO.LJ:51T K
C03JJ,aHHIO 3Ha'IHTeJibHOf0 'IHCJia 'laCTHbiX X0351HCTB, HO 3TH X0351HCTBa O'leHb MaJieHbKHe
BCJie)J;CTBHe rrepe)J;a'IH ceKTOpOM rrpe.nrrpH51THH B CeKTOp 'laCTHbiX X0351HCTB Kpall:He MaJIOH
qacTH 3eMJIH. HecMoTp51 Ha TO, 'ITO qacTHbie xo351HCTBa coCTaBJI51IOT 85% oT o6mero qucna
opraHH3aU:HOHHhiX CTPYKTYP B 3THX rrpoeKTax, OHH KOHTponupyiOT scero JIHIIIh 2% 3eMJIH
(Puc. 2.2). TaKHM o6pmoM, rrepsoHa'laJihHbiH: Ha.nen 3eMJIH ocTaeTC51 rrpaKTH'leCKH
IIOJIHOCTbiO y peopraHH30BaHHbiX rrpe.nrrpH51THH ll yMeHbiiieHHe pa3MepoB IIpOCTO 3aBHCHT
OT .npo6neHH51 6mosoro X0351HCTBa Ha X0351HCTBa-rrpasorrpeeMHHKH. K CO)I{aJieHHIO, 3TOT
pe3yJibTaT Me)I{)J;yHapO.LJ:HbiX )J;OHOpCKHX rrpoeKTOB 51BJI51eTC51 OTpa)l{eHHeM CHTyaU:HH B ueJIOM
B YKpauHe, r.ne 6oJibiiia51 qacTb ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHbiX yro.nu:H: KOHTponupyeTc5I KpyrrHhiMH
ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHbiMH rrpe.nrrpH5ITH5IMH. Me)K.LJ:yHapO.LJ:Hhie .noHopcKHe rrpoeKTbi He
CMOfJIH rrepeCTyiiHTb rropor Tpa.LJ:HU:HOHHOfO KOJIJieKTHBH3Ma ll CTaTb IIYCKOBbiM
MexaHH3MOM MaCCOBOH rrepe)J;a'IH 3eMJIH OT rrpe.nrrpH5ITHH 'laCTHbiM X035IHCTBaM.
PeopraHH38'-'HR XOJRHCTB H nepepacnpeAeileHHe JeMilH ("PoHKo" H MCI>K)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
PHCYHOK 2.2.
Xo3s:~lkrea
D V1HAI-1Bi-1AYailbHble
D KopnopaTI-1BHble
2. JlpoeKmbl peopzaHU3WfUU, ynpaBneHue KomopblMU ocyU{ecmBJIRIOm MeJICOyHapoiJHb!e omwpbl 1 7
YMepeHHhiM K03¢qmu;HeHT ,npo6JieHH5! 6a30BhiX X035!MCTB B HOBbie IOpH,nH:qeCKHe
JIHIJ;a BO BCeX rrpoeKTaX peopraHH3aiJ;Hli X035!MCTB rrpe,nrronaraeT OTHOCH:TeJihHO
He3HaqHTeJihHOe )'MeHhiiieHHe pmMepoB Tpa,nHu;HoHHhiX KpyrrHhiX X035!MCTB. Xo35!MCTBa
rrpaBorrpeeMHHKH B rrpoeKTe M<DK B cpe,nHeM 6onee qeM B,nBoe MeHhiiie 6moBhiX X035!MCTB,
Ho, 3aHHMM rrnoiiJ;a,nh rroqTH 1 500 ra, OHH ocTaiOTC5! oqeHh KPYIIHhiMH no 6moBhiM MepKaM
phmoqHoii 3KOHOMHKH (Ta6Jinu;a 2.6). B rrpoeKTe ¢HpMhi "PoHKo" KOJIH:qecTBO
rrpe,niipH5!TliM-IIpaBOIIpeeMHHKOB Jllillih Ha 15% rrpeBhiiiiaeT KOJIH:qecTBO 6a30BhiX
MaTepHHCKHX X035!MCTB li Ha6JIIO,naeMOe yMeHhiiieHHe pa3MepOB - MHHHMaJihHOe (no
COCT05!HHIO Ha cero,L(H5! 2 140 ra Ha X035!MCTBO B cpaBHeHHH C 2 670 ra ,.[(0 peopraHH3aiJ;HH).
Xo35!MCTBa ITO rrpoeKTY ¢HpMhi "PoHKO" TpaHc¢opMHpyiOTC5! rrpaKTH:qeCKH B COOTHOIIIeHH:li
1:1, COXpaH5!5!, B cyiiJ;HOCTH, BCIO rrepBOHaqaJihHyiO 3eMJIIO.
Ta6Jinu;a 2.6. Pacrrpe,neneHHe 3eMJIH H cpe,nHHe pmMephi X035!MCTB no rrpoeKTaM ¢HpMhi
"P " M<DK 1999 OHKO li : MapT r.
"PoHKo"/AMP CiliA M<DK
Kon-so 3eMJI5I, B cpe,ll.HeM/ Kon-so 3eMJI5I, B cpe.nHeM/
X035IHCTB scero X035IHCTBO X035IHCTB scero X035IHCTBO
MaTepHHCKHe 304 812 062 2 670 47 142 346 3 400 X035IHCTBa
(peopraHmos.)
ITpe.nnpH5ITH5I- 354 756 771 2 140 102 135 946 1 350
npasonpeeMHHKH
J1H)J.HBH)J.. X03-Ba 2 390 13613 6 253 6 400 25
PeopraHH30BaHHhie rrpe,nnpH5!TH5!, KaK rrpammo, rrpH:o6peTaiOT 3eMJIIO, HCIIOJih3Y5!
rraH CBOHX aKu;HoHepoB-yqpe,nHTeneM. TaKHM o6pmoM, rrpe,nrrpH5!THe, HMeiOIIJ;ee 3 000 ra
3eMJIH, 06hiqHo H:MeeT OKOJIO 200-300 yqpe,nH:TeJieM, c,naiOIIJ;HX CBOH 3eMeJihHhie rraH B
apeH,ny rrpe,nrrpH5!THIO. EoJihiiia5! qacTh aKu;HoHepoB TaK)I{e aKTHBHO pa6oTaeT Ha
rrpe,nrrpH5!THH, TOr,na KaK OCTaJihHyiO COCTaBJI5!10T IIO)I{H:Jihie JIIO,L(li li IIeHCHOHephi.
I1HTepeCHhiM 5!BJieHHeM B rrpoeKTe ¢HpMhi "POHKO" 5!BJI5!eTC5! C03,L(aHHe X035!MCTB
IIpaBOIIpeeMHHKOB c o,nHHM aKu;HoHepoM-yqpe,nHTeneM. Xo35!MCTBO c o,nHHM aKu;HoHepoM
HMeeT oqeHh orpaHHqeHHhiM HaqaJihHhiM 3eMeJihHhiM Ha,neJI ( OKOJIO 1 0-20 ra, 3KBHBaJieHT
3eMeJihHOfO IIM), HO 3a6H:paeT rrpaKTH:qecKH BCIO 3eMJIIO rrepBOHaqaJihHOfO KOJIJieKTHBHOfO
X035!MCTBa, apeH,ny5! 3eMeJihHhie rraH 6hiBIIIHX qJieHOB KOJIJieKTHBHOfO X035!MCTBa. 0KOJIO
20% X035!MCTB IIO rrpoeKTY ¢HpMhi "PoHKO" peopraHH30BaJIHCh HMeHHO TaKHM CIIOC060M.
TaKHM CIIOC060M rrepBOHaqaJihHhiM KOJIJieKTHB peopraHH3yeTC5! B COOTHOIIIeHHH 1 : 1, HO B
pe3yJihTaTe o6pmyeTC5! KpyiiHOe qaCTHOe X035!MCTBO, KOTOphiM BJia,neeT li yrrpaBJI5!eT O,L(HH
aKu;HoHep-yqpe,nH:TeJih. ITocKOJihKY 3TH KpyrrHhie qacTHhie X035!MCTBa rnaBHhiM o6pmoM
C03,L(aiOTC5! Ha 3eMJie, apeH,nyeMOM y BHeiiiHHX aKIJ;HOHepOB, HX TOqHO xapaKTepH3yeT
TepMHH "qacTHhie apeH,nHhie rrpe,nrrpH5!TH5!". 3TOT crroco6 peopraHH3aiJ;HH He MeiiiaeT
C03,L(aHHIO ,L(OIIOJIHHTeJihHhiX qaCTHhiX X035!MCTB Ha OCHOBe 6a30BOfO KOJIJieKTHBa.
<DaKTH:qecKH, 10-20% BCeM 3eMJIH KOJIJieKTHBOB, TpaHc¢opMHpOBaHHhiX B X035!MCTBa C
O,L(HHM aKIJ;liOHepOM ITO rrpoeKTY ¢HpMhi "PoHKO", OTOIIIJIO K MeJIKHM qaCTHhiM X035!MCTBaM.
18 YKpauHa: Onbcm peopzaHU3a!JUU ce!lbCKoxo3Rucm6eHHblX npeiJnpURmuu 6 YKpauHe
Ta6JIHU.a 2.7. Tiepepacrrpe,n:erreHHe 3eMrrH HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IM X035IIIcTBaM B paMKax
O,n:eccKoro rrpoeKTa EpHTaHcKoro cpoH,n:a "Hoy-Xay"
MaTepiiHCKO Pa3Mepbi KoniiqecTBO 3eMJI51, o6pa6aT. Cpe.n:HIIe
e X0351HCTBO MaTepiiHCKOrO IIMYI.QCCTBCHHhiX 11Myi.QeCTB. pa3Mepbi c/x
X0351HCTBa, ra KOMIIaHIIH KoMrraHII51MII, ra IIMYI.QCCTB.
Bcero I OcHOBHoe KOMIIaHIIII, ra
c/x rrp-so
1 3 400 13 6 4 078 680 2 1 250 7 5 1 082 216
3 6 400 3 3 6 400 2 133 4 3 300 1 1 3 300 3 300
5 2 900 1 1 2 900 2 900
Bcero B cpe.n:HeM, 25 16 17 760 1 100
3 450 ra
B O.n:eccKoM rrpoeKTe cpHpMI>I "KaprHrrrr"/EpHTaHCKoro cpoH,n:a "Hoy-Xay" Ha Ka)l(,n:oe
6a30BOe X035IHCTBO IIpHXO.lJ:HTC5I O,n:Ha 3eMeJII>Ha5I XOIT.lJ:HHrOBa5I KOMIIaHH5l, TaK qTO ITO
orrpe.n:erreHHIO pa3Mepi>I He MeH5IIOTC5l. TeM He MeHee, 3eMrr5l y 3eMeJII>HoH: KOMIIaHHH
apeH,n:yeTC5l HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IMH KOMIIaHH5IMH H cpaKTHqecKOe KOJIHqecTBO 3eMJIH,
HCIIOJih3yeMoe O.lJ:HHM X035IHCTBOM, 3aBHCHT OT qHcrra HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH H HX
crreuHarrH3a:UHH. Ta6JIHU.a 2. 7 ,n:eMOHCTpHpyeT pacrrpe,n:erreHHe 3eMrrH 16 HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IM
KOMIIaHH5IM, CB5l3aHHI>IM c II5ITI>IO 3eMeJII>HhiMH KOMIIaHH5IMH B O,n:eccKoH: o6rracTH
( OCTaJihHI>Ie 9 HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH 5IBJI5IIOTC5l CepBHCHI>IMH H 3eMJIIO He
HCIIOJih3yiOT). Cpe,n:HHe pa3Mepi>I X035IHCTBa B O,n:eccKoM rrpoeKTe YMeHI>IIIHJIHCI> Ha 2/3, c 3 450 ra .n:o 1 000 ra. YMeHI>IIIeHHe pa3MepoB oco6eHHO rrpHMeqaTeJII>Ho B ,n:Byx crryqMx,
KOr,n:a MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO pa3yKpyiiHHJIOCh Ha 5 - 6 HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH,
CIIeUHaJIH3HpyiOIIJ:HXC5l rrraBHI>IM o6pa30M Ha CeJII>CKOX035IHCTBeHHOH IIpOH3BO.lJ:CTBeHHOH
,n:e5ITeJII>HOCTH (cTpOKH 1 H 2 B Ta6JIHU.e 2.7). C ,n:pyroH: cTopoHI>I, ,n:Ba crryqM, Kor.n:a o,n:Ha
HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHa5l KOMIIaHH5l 6I>IJia C03,n:aHa H3 MaTepHHCKOrO X035IHCTBa ( CTpOKH 4 H 5 B
Ta6m111.e 2. 7), ,n:eMOHCTpHpyiOT OTCYTCTBHe KaKoro 61>1 TO HH 61>mo YMeHI>IIIeHH5l pa3MepoB:
HOBbie HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>Ie KOMIIaHHH rrpo,n:OJI)I(aiOT o6pa6aTI>IBaTh OKOJIO 3 000 ra 3eMJIH,
rrepe.n:aHHI>IX 6a30BI>IM KOJIJieKTHBHI>IM X035IHCTBOM.
HepaBHOMepHOCTb pacnpep,eneHHs:t 3eMnH e Op,eccKoM npoeKTe 5pHTaHCKOrO CI>HX
CosoKynHoe pacnpeAelleH11e X03l'lli1crs,%
coeoKynHoe pacnpeAeneH~e 3eMn~. %
PMCYHOK 2.3.
2. IIpoeKmbz peopzaHU3GtfUU, ynpaB!leHue KOmopb!MU ocyutecmBflR/Om MeJJCOyHapoOHble OOHOpbz 19
TeM He MCRee, cpe,ll;HIIC pa3MCpbi X0351HCTBa o6MaHqiiBhi, ITOCKOJihKY 3CMJI51 cpe,ll;II
IIMYII!CCTBCHHhiX KOMITaHIIH paciTpe,ll;eJI51CTC51 KpaHHe HepaBHOMepHO: 8 II3 16 CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHbiX IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX KOMITaHIIH, yqacTBJ'IOII!IIX B ITpOeKTe,
o6pa6anmanii CBhiiiie 80% 3eMJIII ITO ITpoeKTy. Ka)l(,ll;Oe II3 3TIIX KPYITHhiX X0351HCTB
COXpaH51CT 6onee ITOJIOBIIHbi 3CMJIII 6a30BOrO MaTepiiHCKOrO X0351HCTBa .[1;0 peopraHII3a!IIIII.
B cpe,ll;HCM, OHII o6pa6aTbiBaiOT 1 800 ra II CITCI!IIaJIII3IIpyiOTC51 Ha BbipaiiiiiBaHIIII ITOJICBhiX
KYJII>TYP (rnaBHhiM o6pa30M 3epHOBhiX). OcTaJihHI>Ie 8 X0351HCTB CITeuiiaJIII3IIPJ'IOTC51 Ha
ITpOII3BO,ll;CTBe cppyKTOB II OBOII!CH II Ka)l(,ll;Oe, B Cpe,ll;HCM, IIMCeT MCRee 400 ra IIJIII OKOJIO
1/10 MaTepiiHCKOrO X0351HCTBa. B I!CJIOM, 80% II3 25 IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX KOMITaHIIH (16 CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHhiX KOMITaHIIH ITJIIOC 9 ITepepa6aThiBaiOIIIIIX II cepBIICHbiX KOMITaHIIH)
KOHTpOJIIIpJ'IOT 20% 3CMJIII ITO ITpOCKTY, TOr .[I; a KaK OCTaJihHbie 20% IIMYII!CCTBCHHhiX
KOMITaHIIH KOHTpOJIIIPJ'IOT 80% 3CMJIII. KpiiBM nopeHua Ha Pnc. 2.3 ,ll;CMOHCTpiipyeT
CYII!CCTBCHHJ'IO HepaBHOMepHOCTb paciTpC,ll;CJICHII51 3CMJIII cpe,ll;II IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX
KOMITaHIIH, yqacTBJ'IOIIIIIX B O,!J;eccKOM ITpoeKTe.
Ta6Jinu;a 2.8. PeriicTpauii51 ITpaB co6cTBeHHOCTII B X0351HCTBax, yqacTBYIOIIIIIX B ITpoeKTe
cp "P " cp 1999 IIpMbi OHKO : ITO COCT051HIIIO Ha eB_paJII> r.
Bhmaqa rocyAapcTseHHhiX aKTOB Ha npaso co6cTseHHOCTH Ha 3eMmo
06JiaCTb IIpH cpHHaHcosow no,ll;,ll;ep)J(Ke 6e3 Bee roc. aKTbi npasa
"PoHKO" cpHHaHCOBOH C06CTBeHHOCTH,
nO,ll;,ll;ep)J(Kll Bbi.[J;aHHbie "PoHKO"
"PoHKO"
X03-sa I ra KonHqecTso
roc. aKTOB
CyMcKa51 1 1 930 319 1 193 1 512
JlbBOBCKa51 12 16 887 5 990 -- 5 990
Jlyu.Ka51 (BOJibiHCKa51) 2 2 451 846 297 1 143
TepHonoJibCKa51 8 7 510 2 978 355 3 333
~HenponeTposcKa51 -- -- -- 715 715
HHKOJiaescKa51 1 1 427 203 145 348
XepcoHcKa51 -- -- -- 406 406
PosHeHcKa51 -- -- -- 140 140
XMeJibHHIJ,Ka51 7 9 325 3 514 -- 3 514 4epKaCCKmi -- -- -- 40 40
KHposorpa,ll;cKa51 11 25 984 3 817 81 3 898
IIonTaBCKM 4 7 292 2 241 19 2 260
XapbKOBCKa51 1 2 116 132 70 202
JiyraHcKa51 -- -- -- 185 185
BHHHHUKa51 1 1 287 568 -- 568
Bcero no cocT051HHIO 48 76 209 20 608 3 646 24 254
Ha cpespanb 1999 r.
Bcero no cocT051HHIO 13 22 101 5 768 2 210 7 978
Ha OKT516pb 1998 r.
n Oflyl.[eHue npae co6cmeeHHOCmu. Ba)I(HbiM ,ll;OCTII)KCHIICM ITpOeKTa cpiipMbi "POHKO"
51BJI51CTC51 HC,ll;aBHIIH ITepeXO,ll; K cpiiHaHCOBOH ITO,ll;,ll;Cp)I(KC ITOJiyqeHII51 ITpaB C06CTBCHHOCTII Ha
3eMJIIO B Bhi6paHHhiX X0351HCTBax. Ecnii ITpoeKT M<I>K o6eciTeqiiBaeT JIIIIIIh
a.[J;MIIHIICTpaTIIBHJ'IO ITOMOII!h B periiCTpauiiii ITpaB C06CTBeHHOCTII, ITpiiqeM JIIIIIIb
20 YKpaww: Onblm peopzmm3a1Juu ce!lbCKOXo35lucmaeHHblX npeonpU5lmuu a YKpauHe
pa60THHKaM, Bbiiiie,IJ;IIIHM H3 6biBIIIero KOJIJieKTHBa C ¢H3HqeCKHM yqaCTKOM 3eMJIH, ¢HpMa
"PoHKo"/AMP ClllA nepeiiiJIH K paCIIIHpeHHIO ¢HHaHCOBOH nOMOIIJ;H B norryqeHHH aKTOB Ha
npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH ~IT~ BCeX aKUHOHepoB CeJibCKOX03~HCTBeHHOfO npe~npH~TH~
o~HoBpeMeHHO. CBbiiiie 20 000 aKTOB Ha npaBo co6cTBeHHOCTH, oxBaThiBaiOIIJ;HX 76 000 ra
3eMJIH, 6hiJIO BhmaHO BCeM aKUHOHepaM B 48 X03~HCTBaX, peopraHH30BaHHbiX no npoeKTY
¢HpMbi "PoHKo" B 10 o6rracT~x. Eme 3 600 aKTOB 6bmo BhmaHo B HH~HBH~yarrhHOM
nop~~Ke, 6e3 ¢HHaHCOBOH no~~ep)KKH npoeKTa, KpeCTb~HaM H CeMb~M, Bbiiiie,[(IIIHM H3
6hiBIIIHX KorrrreKTHBHhiX X03~HCTB. Ta6JIHIJ,a 2.8 CYMMHpyeT pe3yiThTaTbi ycHrrHH: ¢HpMbi
"POHKO" KaCaTeJibHO aKTOB npaBa C06CTBeHHOCTH no COCTO~HHIO Ha ¢eBparrb 1998 r. C
OKT~6p~ 1998 r. Ha6rriO~aeTc~ 3HaqHTeJihHbiH poeT MacniTa6oB nporpaMMbi norryqeHH~ npaB
C06CTBeHHOCTH: qHCJIO X03~HCTB, HMeiOIIJ;HX npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO, yBeJIHqHJIOCb
c 12 B BOCbMH o6rracnx ~o 48 B ~ec~TH o6rracnx (K nporpaMMe norryqeHH~ aKTOB Ha npaBo
co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMrriO He~aBHO npHcoe~HHHJIHCb rr. XMerrbHHUKHH H XapbKOB).
TeKyiiJ;He nrraHhi Tpe6yiDT ~arrbHeH:rnero ycKopeHH~ npouecca npe~ocTaBJieHH~ npaB
C06CTBeHHOCTH.
ITpoeKT peopraHH3aUHH X03~HCTB M<l>K He Bbi~err~eT npe~ocTaBrreHH~ npaBa
co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO B oT~errhHbiH BH~ ~e~TerrbHOCTH. A~MHHHCTpaTHBHa~ noMOIIJ;h
OKa3biBaeTC~ 6ecnrraTHO ¢epMepaM, Bbiiiie~IIIHM CO CBOHM 3eMeJibHbiM naeM H3
peopraHH30BaHHoro X03~HCTBa. TeM He MeHee, B OTJIHqHe OT ¢HpMbi "PoHKo", M<l>K He
cy6cH~HpyeT 3aTpaTbi Ha norryqeHHe aKTOB Ha npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH, KOTOpbie npO~OJI)KaeT
HecTH Brra~erreu 3eMrrH. TaKHM o6pa30M, pa6oTHHKH peopraHH30BaHHbiX no npoeKTY M<l>K
X03~HCTB norryqaiOT rocy~apCTBeHHbiH aKT perHCTpaUHH npaBa C06CTBeHHOCTH JIHWb nocrre
BbiXO~a H3 X03~HCTBa C UeJibiO C03~aHH~ qacTHOfO npe~npH~TH~, TOr~a KaK CTpaTerH~
¢HpMbi "POHKO" npe~ycMaTpHBaeT Bbmaqy aKTa 0 npaBe C06CTBeHHOCTH BCeM aKl(HOHepaM
B Ka)K~OM X03~HCTBe O~HOBpeMeHHO.
3. PeJyJihTaThl peoprauuJau;uu xoJHHCTB: )J;aHHhie, co6pauuhle ua MecTax
B rrocne.n;yKnu;rrx pa3.n;enax (fnaBbi 3-7) rrpe.n;cTaBneHhi pe3ynhTaTbi rrccne.n;oBaHrrx,
IIpOBO)J;HBIIIerocx B qeTBepTOM KBapTane 1998 fO)J;a H OXBaTHBIIIero 86 peopraHH30BaHHbiX
cenhCKOX03XiicTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrprrxTHX B 12 o6nacTxx Y KpaHHbi ( cTpyKTYPY Bbr6opKrr
CMOTpH B Ta6Jiuu;e 1.1). ~nx cpaBHeHrrx pe3ynhTaTOB, rrccne.n;oBaHrre TaK)I(e oxBaTbmano
)J;eB5ITb HepeopraHH30BaHHbiX X035IHCTB H OKOJIO 100 He3aBHCHMbiX qaCTHbiX cpepMepOB.
3.1. OpzaHU3GlfUOHHble ifJopMbl u MoOe!lu peopzaHU3GlfUU
CBbiiiie 60% X035IHCTB, oxBaqeHHbiX rrccne.n;oBaHrreM, 3aperrrcTprrpoBanHCb B KaqecTBe
KonneKTHBHbiX cenbCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpH5ITHH (KCIT, OcpHI(HanbHbiX
rrpaBOIIpeeMHHKOB COBeTCKHX KOJIX030B) H KOMIIaHHH C orpaHrrqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO
(Ta6JIHD;a 3.1). Eme 30% X035IHCTB orrpe.n;enHnHCb KaK aKI(HOHepHbie KOMIIaHHH H "qacTHbie
apeH.IJ;Hbie rrpe.n;rrprrxTrrx". XoTx "qacTHOe apeH.n;Hoe rrpe.n;rrprrxTrre" He xBnxeTcx
ocpHI!HMbHO IIpH3HaHHOH cpOpMOH opraHH3al(HH, 3TO IIOH5ITHe IIIHpOKO HCIIOJ1b3yeTC5I )J;J15I
0603HaqeHH5I HOBbiX X035IHCTB B yrrpaBneHHH e.IJ;HHOJ1HqHOfO cpepMepa, KOTOpbiH )J;OIIOJ1H5IeT
CBOH C06CTBeHHbiH 3eMeJ1bHbiH Ha.n;en 3eMne:H:, apeH)J;OBaHHOH y .n;pyrrrx qacTHbiX JIHI( HJIH
X035IHCTB. Bee qacTHbie apeH.n;Hhie rrpe.n;rrprrxTrrx 6biJIH yqacTHHKaMH rrpoeKTa
peopraHH3al(HH X035IHCTB AMP ClllA/"PoHKo", KOTOpbiH co3.n;aeT rrpe.n;rrochiJIKH .n;nx 3To:H:
opraHH3a!IHOHHOH cpopMbi.
Ta6Jiuu;a 3.1. Pacrrpe.n;eneHrre X035IHCTB rro cpopMaM opraHH3au;rrrr (% X035IHCTB B
Ka)l(.n;o:H: KaTeroprrrr)
Bcsr Bhi6opKa "0TKOJIOBlliHecsr" "HeoTKOJIOBlliHeCSI
X03SillCTBa* "X03SillCTBa*
KonneKTHBHoe ceJibCKOX03srH:cTBeHHOe 31 6 45
npe.n;nprrsrTHe
KoMnaHHSI c orpaHWieHHOH 31 55 18
OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO
AKU:HOHepHasr KOMnaHHSI 15 3 21
qaCTHOe apeH)J,HOe npe.n;npHSITHe 13 19 9
ArpoqmpMa 6 13 2
ITpoqHe cpopMhi 4 4 5 ~
*"0TKOJIOBIIIHeCSI X03HHCTBa" C03)],3IOTCH B pe3yJibT3Te paCKOJia 6onee KpyiiHOrO 6hiBIIIero rrpeJ],IIpHHTHH Ha
HeCKOJibKO IOpH)l,WieCKHX JIHU BO BpeMH peopraHH33UHH; "HeOTKOJIOBIIIHeCH" X03HHCTB3 HBJIHIOTCH
npeJ],IIpHHTHRMH-IIpaBOIIpeeMHHK3MH, C03)],3HHhiMH Ha OCHOBe 6a30BOrO CeJihCKOX03HHCTBeHHOro
rrpe)l,npHHTHSI nocpe)l,CTBOM peopraHmaui-m 1: 1.
HeKOTOpbre X035IHCTBa coo6mrrnrr, qTo 6biJIH c03.n;aHbi B pe3ynhTaTe pacKona 6onee
Kpyrmoro cenbCKOX0351HCTBeHHoro rrpe.n;rrprr51TH51 Ha HeCKOJibKO IOprr.n;rrqecKHX nHI!. Mbr
OTHOCHM HX K "OTKOJ10BIIIHMC51 X0351HCTBaM". 3Ta rpyrrrra BKJ1IOqaeT X0351HCTBa, KOTOpbie B
rrpOI!eCce peopraHH3a!IIIH MOfJIH 3HaqrrTeJibHO )'MeHbiiiHTbC51 B pa3Mepax. "0TKOJ10BIIIHeC51
X0351HCTBa" (1/3 Bbi60pKH) KaK rrpaBHJIO peopraHH30BbiBMHCb KaK KOMIIaHHH C
orpaHrrqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO, qaCTHbie apeH)J;Hbie rrpe.n;rrpH51TH51 II arpocpHpMbi (90% rpyrrrrhr). ITpaKTrrqecKrr HH o.n;Ho H3 "oTKonoBIIIHXC51 X0351HCTB" He 6hiJIO 3aperrrcTprrpoBaHo
B KaqeCTBe aKI(HOHepHOH KOMIIaHHH HJIH KOnneKTHBHOfO cenbCKOX0351HCTBeHHOfO
21
22 YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU ce!lbCKOX035liicmeeHHblX npeiJnpU5lmuii
rrpep,rrpiUITII.SI. TeM He MeHee, 3TH ¢opMbi opraHH3aiiHH 6wm HaH6onee rrorry~l5IpHbiMH
cpe,IJ,H OCTaJibHOH qaCTH "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI" X035IHCTB, KOTOpbre peopraHH30BaJIHCb B
COOTHOllleHHH 1: 1 6e3 cyiiieCTBeHHOfO yMeHbllleHHSI pa3MepOB. 2/3 "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI"
X035IHCTB 6oiJIH KOJIJieKTHBHblMH CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHblMH rrpep,rrpH5ITM5IMH H
aKIIHOHepHbiMll KOMIIaHHSIMH; eiiie 20% COCTaBJISIJIH KOMIIaHHH C orpaHH:qeHHOH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO. TaKHM o6pa3oM, KOMrraHHSI c orpaHHqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO
5IBJI5IeTC5I rrorryn5IpHOH ¢opMOH cpe,IJ,H "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI" X035IHCTB, KOTOpbie
peopraHH30BaJIHCh B cooTHOllleHHH 1: 1, H cpep,H YMeHblliHBlliHXCSI B pa3Mepax
"OTKOJIOBlliHXCSI X035IHCTB", XOTSI H rrpeBaJIHpyeT B 3HaqH:TeJibHOH CTerremi cpep,H
IIOCJie,IJ,HHX.
EcnH Bee "HeOTKOJIOBlliHecSI" X035IHCTBa 6omH oqeBH,IJ,HO pe3yJII>TaTOM peopraHH3aiiHH
1: 1, 1/3 "OTKOJIOBlliHXCSI X035IHCTB" TaK)l(e C006IIIHJIH, qTo HX MaTepHHCKOe KOJIJieKTHBHOe
X035IHCTBO ¢aKTHqecKH p,ano JIHlllh O,IJ,HO OTHOCHTeJihHO KpyrrHoe rrpep,rrpHSITHe. TeM He
MeHee, 3TO 6hiJIO rrpep,rrpHSITHe MeHhlliHX pa3MepoB, IIOCKOJibKY ero C03)1,aHH:e
COIIpOBO)l()l,aJIOCb IIOSIBJieHH:eM rpyrriihl HOBbiX qacTHbiX X035IHCTB, OT,IJ,eJIHBlliHXCSI OT
6biBlllero KOJIJieKTHBa ( OT 3 )1,0 17). TaKHM o6pa30M, MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO ¢aKTH:qeCKH
pa3,l1,p06HJIOCb Ha O)l,HO KOprropaTHBHOe rrpep,rrpHSITHe H HeCKOJibKO qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBeHHbiX
rrop,pa3,IJ,eneHH:H. OcTaJihHhre 2/3 "oTKOJIOBlliHXCSI X035IHCTB" coo6IIIHJIH, qTo o6pa30BaJIHCh
H3 MaTepHHCKOfO KOJIJieKTHBHOfO X035IHCTBa, pa3,IJ,eJIH:BlllefOC5I Ha 2-6 6onee MeJIKIIX qacTeH,
IIpH O)l,HOBpeMeHHOM IIOSIBJieHHH B IIpOIIeCce peopraHH3aiiHH qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBeHHblX
IIO,IJ,pa3,IJ,eJieHHH (Ta6JIHUa 3.2). Ha OCHOBe BCeX OTBeTOB, rronyqeHHbiX B XO,IJ,e
o6cJie,IJ,OBaHH5I, Mbl orrpep,eJIIIJIH, qTO, B cpep,HeM, Ka)l(,IJ,Oe MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO
pa3,l1,p06HJIOCb Ha 1,5 KOprropaTHBHbiX rrpep,rrpH5ITH5I IIJIIOC 3 qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBa.
Ta6m1ua 3.2. ,[(eneHHe MaTepHHCKHX KOJIJieKTHBHhiX xo35IHCTB B rrpoiiecce
peopraHH3aiiHH
% qMCJlO KpynHhiX qaCTOTa Cpep,Hee 'IMCJlo p,on.
pecnOH)l,CHTO qacTeif, MH,li,HBM,Il.
B (113 'IMCJla C03)1,aHHhiX B X035IHCTBCHHhiX
86) pe3yllhTaTe nop,pa3P,CJ1CH!1H
,ll,po6JleHM5I
MaTepiiHCKOfO
X035IHCTBa
''HeOTKOJlOBIIIMCC5I" 64 1 100% 1,5
X035IHCTBa
"0TKOJ10BIIIMCC5I 36 1 32% 5
X035IHCTBa"
2 35% 3
3-6 29% 9
3.2. PmMepbl X035liicm6: 3eM!l5l u aKIJUOHepbl
Cpep,Hee xo35IHCTBO B Bor6opKe 3aHHMaeT 3 000 ra, qTo rrprrpaBHHBaeTcSI K pa3MepaM
KOJIJieKTHBHbiX X035IHCTB COBeTCKOfO rrepHO,IJ,a. "0TKOJIOBlliHeC5I X035IHCTBa",
c¢opMHpOBaBlliHeC5I KaK qacTh 6onee KpyiiHOfO MaTepHHCKOfO X035IHCTBa, ,IJ,eHCTBHTeJibHO
MeHbllle "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI" X035IHCTB: 2 250 ra B cpaBHeHHH C 3 500 ra (Ta6JIHUa 3.3). Cpep,H pa3JIHqHhiX opraHH3aiiHOHHhiX ¢opM, KOJIJieKTHBHhre cenoCKOX035IHCTBeHHbre
rrpep,IIpH5ITH5I 5IBJ15IIOTC5I CaMbiMH KpyrrHbiMH, 3aHHMaSI CBbillle 4 000 ra; qaCTHbie apeH,IJ,Hbie
3. Pe3ynbmambz peopzaHU3GlJUU xo3Riicme: OaHHbze, co6paHHbze Ha Mecmax 23
rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHJI HMeiOT HaHMeHhiiiHH pa3Mep (MeHee 2 000 ra), TOr,n:a KaK KOMIIaHHH C
orpaHHqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO H aK:U:HOHepHhie KOMIIaHHH 3aHHMaiOT IIpOMe)l(yToqHoe
IIOJIO)I(eHHe IIpH HaJIHqHH IIOqTH 3 000 ra/X035IHCTBO.
T 6 33 C a JIHU:a .. ~pe,n:HHe pa3Mephl X035IHCTB ,ll;JI5I pa3JIHqHJ>IX rpyrrrr rrpe,n:rr pH5ITHH
Ben "0TKO "HeOTKOJIOB KCIT KoMrramm c AKU:MOH. lJaCTH.
Bhi6opKa JIOBIII. Ill. X03-Ba" OrpaH. OTB. KOMII. apeH.l(H.
X03- rrpe.l(rrp.
Ba"
Cp. pa3-phl 3 000 2 250 3 500 4 300 2 650 2 700 1 700
xo3-Ba, ra
3/4 3eMJIH, KOTOpOH BJia,n:eiOT X035IHCTBa, B cpe,n:HeM KJiaCCH<lJH:U:HpyeTC5I KaK HX
C06CTBeHHM: IIpH6JIH3HTeJihHO IIOJIOBHHa 3eMJIH apeH,n:yeTC5I y qJieHOB X035IHCTBa
aK:U:HOHepoB; OCTaJihHM qaCTh- 3TO 3eMJI5I, HaXO,ll;5IIIIa5IC5I B KOJIJieKTHBHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH.
0KOJIO 20% 3eMJIH B C06CTBeHHOCTH X035IHCTB - 3TO 3eMJI5I rrepe,n:aHHa5I rocy,n:apCTBOM B
IIO)I(H3HeHHOe IIOJih30BaHHe - Hacne,n:He Tpa,ll;H:U:HOHHOH COBeTCKOH CHCTeMI>I; OCTaJihHhie 5% apeH,ll;YIQTC5I y rocy,n:apCTBa (2/3) HJIH y ,n:pymx ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHH (1/3). ApeH,n:a 3eMJIH y qacTHhiX JIH:U:, KpoMe aK:U:HOHepoB, He rrpaKTHKyeTc5I. ITo coo6IIIeHH5IM
qacTHhiX apeH,ll;HhiX npe,n:npH5ITHH, OHM 3HaqHTeJihHO 60Jihiiie ITOJiaraiOTC5I Ha apeH,n:y 3eMJIH:
75% 3eMJIH B HX C06CTBeHHOCTH apeH,n:yeTC5I y aK:U:HOHepOB H 10% - y rocy,n:apCTBa. 3eMJI5I
apeH,n:yeTC5I y aK:U:HOHepOB 60Jihiiieif qaCThiO Ha 5 JieT (60% peCITOH,n:eHTOB), XOT5I HeKOTOphle
X035IHCTBa C006IIIHJIH KaK 0 6onee KOpOTKOM (1-3 ro,n:a), TaK H 6onee npO,ll;OJI)I(HTeJihHOM (6-1 0) cpoKax apeH,n:hi. C,n:aqa 3eMJIH B apeH,n:y - He o6IIIerrpHH5ITOe 5IBJieHHe: 3eMJIIO B apeH,n:y
c,n:aiOT MeHee 20% X035IHCTB, OXBaqeHHhiX HCCJie,n:oBaHHeM (rJiaBHhiM o6pa30M ITO,ll;
IIpHyca,n:e6Hhie yqaCTKH CBOHX qJieHOB H qaCTHhiM <iJepMepaM). B cpe,n:HeM, B apeH,n:y
c,n:aeTC5I OKOJIO 300-400 ra 06J>IqHo CpOKOM Ha IT5!Th JieT.
Pacnpe.QeneHIIIe "'lllcna "'neHos-y"'pe.QIIITenelll
% X03fliiiCTB 35
30
25
20 .......... .. .................... .
15 .......... . ........ .
10
5
0
PMCYHOK 3.1.
2-100
I I 100-250 250-500 500-750 750-1000 >1000
4~cno y4peA~Tenelll
24 YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHU3GlJUU ceJlbCKOX03flUCm6eHHblX npeonpURmuu
qHCJIO qJieHOB-ynipe,[{HTeJieH, OTBeqaJOID;HX 3a C03,[{aHHe peopraHH30BaHHhiX
X035IHCTB, KOJie6JieTC5! OT 1 ,[{0 3 000. ITo coo6rn;eHH5IM 35% X035IHCTB, qarn;e BCero qHCJIO
qJieHOB-ynipe,[{HTeJieH B rrpe):{eJiaX 250-500 (PHC. 3.1). 0):{HaKO 15% X035IHCTB C03,[{aeTC5!
O,[{HHM yn!pe,[{H:TeJieM: 3TO qaCTHhie rrpe):{IIpH5ITH5! B yrrpaBJieHHH O,[{HOrO BJia,[{e;lh!Ia. C
):{pyroH: cTopoHhi, 13% X035IHCTB coo6rn;HJIH o 6one qeM 750 aKI!HOHepax-ynipe):{H:Temix H TPH
X035IHCTBa (H3 86) - o 6onee qeM 1 000 ynipe):{H:TeneH:. Cyrn;ecTByeT ):{OCTaToqHo TeCHM
B3aH:MOCB5!3h Me)l(,[{y KOJIH:qeCTBOM ynipe):{H:TeJieH If IIJIOID;a,[{hlO 3eMeJihHOrO Ha,[{eJia
X035IHCTBa: C B03pacTaHHeM KOJIH:qecTBa ynipe,[{HTeJieH IIJIOID;a,[{h 3eMJIH B03pacTaeT
(Ta6JIHIJ,a 3.4).
Ta6Jinu,a 3.4. Pacrrpe,[{eJieHH:e qlfcna qJieHOB-yqpe):{H:TeneH: H cpe):{HHe pa3Mephi X035IHCTB
KomflieCTBO yqpe.runeneii I % X03~HCTB I Cpe.UHHe pa3Mephi X03~HCTBa, ra
15 1 800
2- 100 13 1 900
101-250 13 2 600
251-500 33 2 400
501 -750 13 3 600
751- 1 000 9 4 200
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pa60Tbl B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X0351lfcTBe
)l{enaHwe o6ecne4HTh 6yAymee )l.eT51M
)l{enaHwe 6oJibiiie 3apa6aTbiBaTb
32%
28%
22%
35%
16%
6%
OcHoBHI>Ie rrpHqHHhi )KeJiaHH5! cTan qacTHhiM cpepMepoM ,neMOHeTpHpyeT Ta6mm,a 3.9. TpeTh peCIIOH,[(eHTOB YKa3arra HeCKOJibKO IIpHqHH; TaKHM o6pa30M, HX OTBeTbi COeTaBJI5IIOT
6orree 100%. ITpHqHHhi, yKa3aHHhie 2/3 pecrroH,neHTOB, OTBeTHBIIIHX o,nHo3HaqHo,
,neMOHCTpHpyeT rrocrre,nH5!5! KOJIOHKa Ta6JIHIJ,hi 3.9. XoT5! rroKa3aTeJIH, Bbipa)KeHHhie B
rrpoueHTaX, OTJIHqaiOTe5!, HaH6orree Ba)KHOH IIpHqHHOH OCTaeTC5! O,[(Ha: HeCOOTBeTeTBYJOIUHH
,[(OXO,[( B pe3yJII>TaTe pa60Thi B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X035!HeTBe II )KeJiaHHe o6peeTH
He3aBHCHMOCTb.
,[(Be TpeTH cpepMepOB paHee pa60TaJIH B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X035IHCTBe. 0eTaJibHa5I qaeTb
pecrroH,neHTOB pa60Tarra B ccpepe ycrryr HJIH rrpOMhiiiiJieHHOCTH. HI>meiiiHHe cpepMepi>I
3aHHMaJIH OTHOeHTeJibHO BbieOKOe IIOJIO)KeHHe Ha rrpe)I{HeH pa6oTe: JIHUib 10%
3. Pe3Yllbmambz peopzaHu3a1Juu X03Rucm6: OaHHbze, co6paHHbze Ha Mecmax 29
peCIIOH)l.eHTOB OTHOCHJIHCb K qHCJIY HeKBa.rmqmu;HpOBaHHbiX pa6oqH:X HJIH MJia)l,IIIeMy
a)l.MHHHCTpaTHBHOMY rrepCOHa.Jiy; OCTa.JibHbie 6hiJIH yrrpaBJieHqecKHMH pa60THHKaMH,
rrpocpeCCHOHa.JibHbiMH CIIei.(Ha.JIHCTa.MH HJIH rrpoqHMH KBa.JIHcpHI.J;HpOBaHHbiMH pa60THHKaMH.
PecnOH)l.eHTOB MO)KHO paBHOMepHo pa3)l.eJIHTh Ha 3TH TPH Ka.TeropHH; Ta.KHM o6pa30M,
rrpesanHposaHHe 6biBIIIHX pyKoBO)l.HTeneii KOJIJieKTHBHhiX X035IHCTB cpe)l.H qacTHhiX
cpepMepOB OTCYTCTByeT.
Ta6mn.1,a 3.10. qTo rronyqHJIH qacTHhie cpepMepbi rrpH BhiXO)l.e H3 KOJIJieKTHBHoro
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO rrpe)l.IIpH5ITH5I? (% peCIIOH,Jl.eHTOB)
He nonyqmm HHqero 55%
ITaH B co6CTseHHOCTH c/x rrpe)l.npmiTWI 14%
Pacnpe)l.eJieHHe rraes He 3aBepweHo 10%
ITonyqHJIH 3eMeJihHhie HJIH HMyrn:ecTBeHHhie naH 19%
ITonyqHJIH 3eMeJihHhie naH 10%
B CTOHMOCTHOM Bhipa)KeHHH 0%
Y qacTOK 3eMJIH 10%
ITonyqHJIH HMyrn:ecTBeHHhie naH 13%
B CTOHMOCTHOM Bhipa)KeHHH 1%
<DH3HqecKHe aKTHBbl 12%
He ,ZJ,aJIH OTBeTa 26%
bOJibiiiHHCTBO cpepMepOB (55% H, Bep05ITHO, 60JibliiM qaCTb H3 26%, He )l,a.BIIIHX OTBeTa
B Ta6JIHIJ,e 3.10) HH:qero He IIOJiyqHJIH npH BbiXO)l.e H3 KOJIJieKTHBHOrO
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO rrpe)l.IIpH5ITH5I, qTO COOTBeTCTByeT BbiBO)l.y 0 TOM, qTo OKOJIO 50% cpepMepOB cpaKTHqeCKH He BJia)l,eiOT 3eMJieii: HX X035IHCTBa Ha HbiHeiiiHeM :Harre 5IBJI5IIOTC5I
apeH)l.HhiMH rrpe)l.npH5ITH5IMH. 0Kono 114 pecrroH,Jl.eHTOB YKa3a.JIH, qTo O)KH,Jl.a.IOT rronyqeHH5I
CBOHX 3eMeJibHhiX H HMymecTBeHHhiX rraes rrocne 3asepiiieHH5I rrpou;ecca pacrrpe)l.eJieHH5I B
CBOeM 6biBIIIeM KOJIJieKTHBHOM CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOM rrpe)l.IIpH5ITHH. JIH:IIIb 19% OTBeTHJIH
IIOJIO)KH:TeJibHO Ha BOIIpOC 0 IIOJiyqeHHH 3eMeJibHbiX HJIH HMyii.J;eCTBeHHbiX rraeB OT 6biBIIIero
KOJIJieKTHBHoro ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHoro rrpe)l.npH5ITH5I. Pacrrpe)l.eJieHHe ocymecTBJI5IJIOCb
IIOBCeMeCTHO B Ha.Type; 0 BbiKyrre rraeB 3a Ha.JIHqHbie Cpe)l.CTBa B Bhi6opKe He Coo6maeTC5I.
Cpe)l.HHii 3eMeJibHhiH rraii HeMHOrHx pecrroH)l.eHTOB, coo6mHBIIIHX o6 3TOH HHcpopMau;HH,
COCTaBJI5IeT 8 ra. Cpe)l.HHH HMyii.J;eCTBeHHbiH rraii paBH5IeTC5I OKOJIO 500 rpH.
BhiXO)l. H3 KOJIJieKTHBHoro X035IHCTBa c 3eMeJihHhiM HJIH HMymecTBeHHhiM rraeM
oqesH)l.HO Tpe6yeT o)l.o6peHH5I o6mero co6pa.HH5I aKu;HoHepos. HHKaKHe )l.pyme BH)l.hi
O)l.06peHH5I pyKOBO)l.CTBOM HJIH BJiaCT5IMH He Tpe6YIQTC5I. 3Ty TOqKy 3peHH5I Bblpa3HJIH
rrpaKTH:qecKH Bee peCIIOH)l.eHTbi, OTBeqaBIIIHe Ha COOTBeTCTBYIOII.J;HH BOIIpOC, XOT5I 6onee
IIOJIOBHHbl peCIIOH)l.eHTOB He BbiCKa3a.JIH CBOero MHeHH5I.
B TO speM5I Ka.K 6oJibiiiM qacTb qacTHhiX cpepMepcKHX X035IHCTB co3)l.aeTc5I O,Jl.Hoii
CeMheH, rroqTH IIOJIOBHHa cpepMepOB C006Iu;HJIH, qTO HX qacTHOe X035IHCTBO 5IBJI5IeTC5I
qaCTbiO X035IHCTBeHHOrO 06ne)l.HHeHH5I. qHCJIO qJieHOB o6ne)l.HHeHH5I BapbHpyeTC5I OT 3 )1.0
rroqTH 900. Cpe)l.Hee o6ne,Jl.HHeHHe HacqHThiBaeT 50 X035IHCTB; 50% o6ne)l.HHeHHii
HacqMTbiBa.JIH OT 40 )1.0 200 X035IHCTB. 3TH 06ne)l.HHeHH5I rrpeHMyii.J;eCTBeHHO 5IBJI5IIOTC5I
CepBHCHbiMH KOOrrepaTHBaMH: 90% qJieHOB 06ne)l.HHeHHH B Bbi60pKe C006Iu;HJIH 06
MCIIOJib30BaHHM 06ne)l.HHeHMH )l.JI5I IIpHo6peTeHH5I Ma.TepHaJibHO-TeXHHqecKHX pecypCOB H
rrpo)l.a)KH CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH rrpo)l.yKI.J;HH. 06ne,Jl.HHeHH5I )l.aJieKH OT Tpa)l.HI.J;HOHHOH
cpopMbl rrpOH3BO)l.CTBeHHOrO KOorrepaTHBa, rrpe)l.CTaBJieHHOrO 6hiBIIIHMH KOJIJieKTHBHbiMH
30 YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHu3at~uu ce!lbCKOX03RikmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu
X035IHCTBaMR: no coo6rn;eH:H5IM, 85% qJieHOB 06be,n:H:HeH:HH CaMOCT05ITeJibHO ynpaBJI5IIOT
CBO:HM npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBOM, ern;e 1 0% - Ha OCHOBe 06be.IJ:H:HeHHbiX npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBeHHbiX yc:HJI:HH,
KOr,n:a CaMOCT05lTeJibHOCTb ¢epMepa nO,n:KpenJI5leTC5l COBMeCTHOH npOll3BO.IJ:CTBeHHOH
,n:e5ITeJihHOCTbiO qneHOB o6be.IJ:H:HeH:H5l. ITpaKT:HqecK:H Bee pecnoH,n:eHTbi cq:HTaiOT, qTo HMeiOT
nOJIHyiO CB06o,n:y B np:HH5IT:Hll perneH:HH KaCaTeJibHO npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBa ll npO.IJ:a:lKll npo,n:yKIJ;llll
ll 5IBJ15IIOTC5l X035leBaMll pe3yJibTaTOB CBOero Tpy,n:a ll CBO:HX .IJ:OXO.IJ:OB OT
ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH.IJ:e5lTeJibHOCTll.
3eM!lfl e tJacmHblX rjJepMepcKux X03flucmeax. Cpe,n:Hee X035IHCTBo B Bbi6opKe nMeeT 40 ra, np:H 3TOM nOJIOBH:Ha X035IHCTB llMeeT OT 10 .IJ:O 50 ra. 3eMJI5l B qacTHbiX X035IHCTBaX
npe:HMyrn;ecTBeHHO naxoTHM (90% Ha.n:enoB ). Kon:HqecTBO oT,n:eJibHO pacnoJIO)I(eHHbiX
yqacTKOB COCTaBJI5leT OT 1 .IJ:O 8, B cpe,n:HeM 2. LJeTKOH 3aBH:CllMOCTll Me)l(,n:y q:HCJIOM
yqacTKOB ll pa3MepaMll Ha,n:eJIOB He cyrn;eCTByeT.
CTpyKTypa 3eMnenonb30BaHHSI e "4aCTHbiX xo3S~HcTeax
4aCTH851
C06CTB9HHOCTb
34%
PHCYHOK 3.2.
3eMJIIO B qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBaX nonyqaiOT ll3 .IJ:Byx OCHOBHbiX llCTOqHllKOB: OKOJIO 1/3 -3TO 3eMJI5l B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTll, noqT:H nOJIOBH:Ha 3eMJill - apeH,n:yeTC5l ( OCTaJibHa5I
qacTb coxpaH5leTc5l B cTapoll:, TaK Ha3biBaeMoll: ¢opMe Hacne.n:yeMoro e!laOeHU5l). 3To
cpe,n:H5l5l CTPYKTypa 3eMnenoJib30BaH:H5l B Bbi6opKe (Puc. 3.2), o,n:HaKo, no pe3yJibTaTaM
o6cJie.IJ:OBaHll5l, 6onee 40% qaCTHbiX X035IHCTB ¢aKT:HqeCKll He BJia,n:eiOT 3eMJiell:: BC5l 3eMJI5l
apeH,n:yeTC5l. I1o.n:o6Ho npe)l(H:HM o6cne,n:oBaHR5IM B pemoHe EBponhi :H Cpe,n:Hell: A3llll,
apeH,n:a 3eMJill lli:HpOKO H:CnOJib3yeTC5l B KaqeCTBe Cpe,n:CTBa yBeJI:HqeH:H5l pa3MepoB
¢epMepcKoro X035IHCTBa. 45% X035IHCTB B Bbi6opKe coo6rn;:HJill, qTO OHll apeH,n:yiOT 3eMJIIO;
3TH: X035IHCTBa B cpe,n:HeM KpynHee X035IHCTB, He apeH,n:yiO:ru;llX 3eMJIIO ( 60 ra
np:HMeHH:TeJibHO K X035IHCTBaM, apeH,n:yiO:ru;llM 3eMJIIO ll 25 ra - K X035IHCTBaM, He
apeH.IJ:yiOIIJ;llM 3eMJIIO; pa3H:HIJ;a B pa3Mepax 5IBJI5leTC5l CTaT:HCT:HqecK:H 3Haq:HMOH).
Cy:w;ecTByeT oqeHb TecHa5l 3aB:HC:HMOCTb Me)l(.IJ:y pa3MepaM:H X035IHCTBa :H nnoma,n:biO
3. Pe3y!lbmambt peopcaHU3Gtfuu X03Rucme: oaHHbte, co6paHHbte Ha Mecmax 31
apeH,ll,yeMOH 3eMnH H ropa3,ll,O 6onee cna6a5I 3aBHCHMOCTb Me)J(,ll,y pa3MepaMH X0351HCTBa H
KOMIIOHeHTOM 3eMnH B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH. 3TO IIO,ll,Kperrn51eT BbiBO,ll, 0 TOM, qTo
X0351HCTBa pacTyT rnaBHbiM o6pa30M 6naro,ll,ap51 apeH,ll,e, a He HaKorrneHHIO 3eMnH B qaCTHOH
co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha ocHoBe orrepau;rrll: Kyrrnrr-rrpoJJ:a)J(H (nHIIIb OJJ:HH pecrroHJJ:eHT coo6IIJ;rrn o
rrprro6peTeHHH 3eMnrr: rroKyrrKa cocTaBn51na I ,50 ra 3a 600 rpH. rrnrr oKono 240 ,ll,onnapoB
CiliA; coo6IIJ;eHH51 o rrpo,ll,a)J(e 3eMnH pecrrOHJJ:eHTaMrr OTCYTCTBYIDT). ·
TpaJJ:HU:HOHHO 3eMn51 B YKparrHe apeHJJ:yeTC51 H3 rocyJJ:apcTBeHHoro pe3epBa rrnrr y
MeCTHOrO KonneKTHBHOrO X0351HCTBa. 0)l;HaKO, IIOqTH 20% peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB, OXBaqeHHbiX
rrccne,ll,oBaHHeM, coo6IIJ;rrnrr o6 apeHJJ:e 3eMnH y qacTHbiX nrru:, o qeM HHKOrJJ:a He
YIIOMHHanOCb B rrpe)J(HHX o6cne,ll,OBaHH51X (TafiJIHD;a 3.11). 0Kono 20% peCIIOH)l;eHTOB
rrcrroni>3yeT TPaJJ:HU:HOHHhiH KaHan apeHJJ:hi 3eMnH y rocy,ll,apcTBa; eiiJ;e I 0% apeHJJ:YJOT
3eMniO y KOnneKTHBHbiX X0351HCTB (a TaK)J(e H3 HeKoTopbiX JJ:pyrrrx rrcToqHHKOB). PmBHTHe
pbiHKOB apeH)l;bi 3eMnH, HaXO,ll,51IIJ;eHC51 B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, B OTnrrqrre OT 3eMnH B
rocy,ll,apCTBeHHOH H KonneKTHBHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, 51Bn51eTC51 HOBbiM Bbi,ll,aiOIIJ;HMC51
pa3BHTHeM C06biTHH, BbiTeKaiOIIJ;HX H3 HaCT051IIJ;ero o6cne,ll,OBaHH51.
Ta6JIHo;a 3.11. ApeH,ll,a 3eMnH qacTHhiMH ¢epMepaMH
Bcero J1cToqmfKI1 apeH,ll,OBaHHOH 3eMJII1
qacTHbie Jm~a focy,ll,apcTBo KoJIJieKTHBHoe
X03SIHCTBO
PecrroH,ll,eHThi, apeH.ll.YIOIIJ,He 45% 17% 18% 12%
3eMJIIO
% apeH,l),OBaHHOH 3eMJilf 46% 19% 15% 12%
CpoK apeH,ll,hi 3-5 JieT I- 5 JieT 10- 15 JieT
3eMn51 rnaBHbiM o6pa30M apeH)l;yeTC51 Ha cpe,ll,HHH CpOK (Ta6JIHD;a 3.11): ,ll,OrOBOpbi o6
apeH)l;e 3aKnJOqaJOTC51 CpOKOM )1;0 5 neT, XOT51 He3HaqrrTenbHOe qrrcno ,ll,OrOBOpOB C
rocyJJ:apcTBOM 3aKnJOqaeTC51 Ha I 0 rr 50 neT. Y JJ:HBHTenhHO TO, qTo cpoK apeHJJ:bi 3eMnH y
KonneKTHBHbiX X0351HCTB HaH60nbiiiHH - I 0 - I5 neT, HO ,ll,OCTYII K 3TOMY HCTOqHHKy
OKa3biBaeTC51 6onee orpaHrrqeHHbiM, qeM K JJ:BYM JJ:pyrHM HCTOqHHKaM. l.J:yBCTBO Ha)l;e)J(HOCTH
Bna)l;eHH51 3eMnell: rrpo51Bn51eTC51 y qacTHbiX cpepMepoB He oqeHh crrnhHO. MeHee rronoBHHhi
peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB cqrrTaiOT, qTO COXpaH51T CBOIO qacTHYJO C06CTBeHHOCTb Ha 3eMniO B
6y,ll,yiiJ;eM, TOr,ll,a KaK 1/3 peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB He yBepeHbi B 3TOM.
4. <l>uuaHCOBhle pe3y Jib TaThl pafiOThl peopraHH30BaHHhiX CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHhiX
npe,IJ;npHSITHH
4.1. JlUK6U0HOCmb U 3GOO!lJICeHHOCmb
EaJiaHc ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe,n:rrpmiTIIH YKpaiiHhi cocTOIIT rnaBHhiM o6pa30M
II3 OCHOBHhiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOro KaiiiiTaJia, Ha KOTOpbie IIpiiXO,ll;IITC5I OKOJIO 90% o6IIIeif C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB (Ta6JIHQa 4.1). B HOpMaJihHhiX pbiHO~HhiX ycJIOBIIHX ero MO)l{HO
6omo 6or c~IITaTh o~eHh )l{II3Hecrroco6HbiM 6aJiaHCOM, HOB YKpaiiHe (KaK II BO Bcex rrpo~IIX
cTpaHax periioHa 6ommero CoBeTcKoro Cm03a) - 3TO Bcero JIIIIIIh pe3yJII>TaT
rrepiiO,ll;II~eCKOH IIH,ll;eKCaiiiiii OCHOBHhiX cpe,n:CTB B IIHcpJI511!1IOHHbie rO,ll;bl. BoiCOKIIH
IIOKa3aTeJib 6aJiaHCOBhiX OCHOBHbiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOrO KaiiiiTaJia a6COJIIOTHO He
CB5I3aH C 3KOHOMII~eCKOH CTOIIMOCTbiO 3TIIX aKTIIBOB II rJiaBHhiM o6pa30M 5IBJI5IeTC5I
MOIIIHhiM pe3epBOM rrepeOIIeHKII KaiiiiTaJia, C03,ll;aHHhiM B pe3yJioTaTe MexaHII~eCKOH
IIH,ll;eKCai!IIII rrepBOHa~aJibHOH CTOIIMOCTII aKTIIBOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO K 06IIIeMy IIH,ll;eKCY IIeH.
B TaKOH CIITyaiiiiii )l{eJiaTeJihHO COCpe,n:OTO~IITb BHIIMaHIIe Ha TeKYIIIIIX IIOKa3aTeJI5IX
6aJiaHCa, He IIO,n:Bepr1IIIIXC5I BJIII5IHIIIO rrepeOIIeHKII II rrpe,n:cTaBJI5IIOIIIIIX peaJihHYJO
,n:eHe)KHYJO CTOIIMOCTh.
Ta6JIHQa 4.1. Cpe,n:H5I5I cTpyKTypa 6aJiaHca peopraHII30BaHHhiX X035IHCTB, 1996-1998 rr. (% OT 06IIIeif C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB)
I 1996 I 1997 1 1998
06IIIa~ cyMMa aKTIIBOB, MJIH. rpH. 11 '1 10,1 10,1
AKTHBhl
OcHOBHbie cpe)J,CTBa 88% 86% 83%
06opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa 12% 14% 17%
ToBapHo-MaTepiiaJibHbie 3anacbi 10% 12% 15%
<l>IIHaHCOBbie o6opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa 2% 2% 2%
)J;e6JITOpcKa~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb 1% 1% 2%
AKIIHOuepHhiH KanuTaJI u o6HJaTeJihCTBa
AKQIIOHepHbiH KaniiTaJI 92% 89% 87%
)J;oJirocpo•ma~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb 1% 0% 0%
KpaTKocpoqHbie o6~3aTeJibCTBa 7% 11% 13%
Kpe)J,IITopcKa~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eHHOCTb 6% 10% 11%
B u,enoM (Ta6JIHQa 4.2), o6opoTHhie cpe,n:cTBa cpe,n:Hero X035IHCTBa rrpeBhiiiiaiOT
KpaTKOCpO~Hhie 065I3aTeJihCTBa (KOMIIOHeHT ,ll;OJirocpo~HOH 3a,ll;OJI)l{eHHOCTII rrpeHe6pe)l{IIMO
MaJihiH, MeHee 1% OT 06IIIeif C)'MMhi, II KpaTKOCpO~Hbie 065I3aTeJibCTBa Ha cero,n:mi
rrpaKTII~ecKII rrpe,n:cTaBJIHIOT o6IIIYIO C)'MMY o6H3aTeJihCTB X035IHCTBa). B poiHO~HhiX
ycJIOBII5IX 3TO 06bi~HO 03Ha~aeT, ~TO X035IHCTBO IIMeeT JIIIKBII,ll;HOCTh, ,ll;OCTaTO~HYJO ,ll;JI5I
BhiiiJiaThi CBOIIX ,n:onroB. O,n:HaKo, rrpii 6onee BHIIMaTeJihHOM paccMOTpeHIIII crpyKTypor
o6opOTHbiX cpe,n:CTB, BII,ll;HO, ~TO 3TO rJiaBHbiM o6pa30M TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJibHhie 3aiiaChi IIpii
O~eHb He3Ha~IITeJibHOH C)'MMe cpiiHaHCOBhiX JIIIKBII,ll;HbiX aKTIIBOB, TaKIIX KaK ,n:e6IITOpCKM
3a,n:OJI)l{eHHOCTh (cMoTpii Ta6JIHQY 4.1). KpoMe Toro, ,n:oJIH TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJihHhiX 3arracoB
B o6opOTHhiX cpe,n:cTBax B Te~eHIIe 1996 - 1997 rr. 3HaqJITeJihHO B03pocna. ToBapHo
MaTepiiaJihHhie 3aiiaChi He JierKO rrpeBpaTIITb B HaJIII~HOCTh; ~TO )l{e KacaeTC5I CeJibCKOrO
X0351HCTBa YKpaiiHhi, 3TOT rroKa3aTeJih MO)l{eT 6oiTh 6onee, ~eM rrpe,n:BecTHIIKOM Toro, ~To
3TII TOBapHO-MaTepiiaJibHbie 3aiiaCbi He MOryr 6oiTb rrpo,n:aHHhiMII II, cpaKTII~eCKII, IIO,ll;Jie)l{aT
11
34 YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzaHu3alfUU ce!lbCKOX03RiicmeeHHblX npeonpURmuii
CIUICaHIUO. EcJIH Mbl HCKJIIO'IHM ITOTeHI!llaJibHO HeJIHKBH,ll;Hbie TOBapHO-MaTepRaJibHbie
3aiTaChi ll3 aHaJIH3a ll OITpe,n:eJIHM COOTHOIIIeHHe Me)l(,n:y cpnHaHCOBbiMH H, Ha,n:eeMC.SI, 6onee
JIHKBH,ll;HbiMH o6opOTHbiMH cpe,ll;CTBaMH ll KpaTKOCpO'IHbiMH 06.SI3aTeJibCTBaMH, TO ITOJIYlfllM
TaK Ha3biBaeMbiH "K03cpcpHUHeHT cpO'IHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH" ITOp.SI,n:Ka 0,20 (Ta6JIHU.3 4.2), KOTOpbiH 3Ha'IHTeJibHO HH)I(e KaKOrO 6bi TO Hll 6biJIO ITpHeMJieMOrO UeJieBOrO ITOKa3aTeJI.SI
JIHKBH.ll:HOCTH. EIIIe o,n:HHM ITpH3HaKoM Hey.n;osneTsopnTeJibHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH .SIBJI.SieTC.SI
'IeTKO ITpOCJie)I(HBaeMM TeH,n:eHI!ll.SI CHH)I(eHH.SI K03cpcpHI!HeHTa CpO'IHOH JIHKBH,ll;HOCTH Ha
ITpODI)I(eHHH BpeMeHH: OHa CHH3HJiaCh C 0,25 B 1996 r. ,ll;O 0,16 B 1998 r. (Ta6JIUIJ.3 4.2). }b cpHHaHCOBbiX aKTHBOB MO)I(eT ITOraiiiaTbC.SI MeHee O,ll;HOH IT.SITOH KpaTKOCpO'IHbiX
o6.SI3aTeJibCTB cpe,n:Hero X035IHCTBa.
Ta6Jiuu.a 4.2. TeKyiiiHe K03cpcpnuneHThi: 1996-1998 rr.
0THOIIIemle o6opOTHbiX cpe)J.CTB K
KpaTKOCpoqHbiM o6x3aTeJihCTBaM
0THOIIIemJ:e .ne6tiTOpCKOH 3a)J.OJI)l(eHHOCTH K
Kpe)J.HTOpCKOH
I 1996 I 1997 I 1,7 1,2
0,25 0,19
1998
1,3
0,16
Yxy,n:IIIaiOIIIa.SIC.SI JIHKBH,n:Hocn X035IHCTB B YKpanHe TaK)I(e BH,n:Ha H3 R3MeH.SIIOIIIeiic.SI
cTpyKTypni Kpe,n:nTOpcKoii 3a,n:OJI)I(eHHOCTH B Te'IeHHe 1996 - 1998 rr. (Ta6Jiuu.a 4.3). Ecnn
3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTb ITOCTaBII!HKaM TOBapoB ll ycnyr OCTaJiaCb Ha ypOBHe 45%-50% OT 06IIIeH
CyMMbi Kpe.n;HTOpCKOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH, ,ll;OJI.SI KOMITOHeHTa ITpocpO'IeHHOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH
yseJIH'IHJiach. TeM He MeHee, cne.n;yeT 3aMeTHTh, 'ITO HecMoTp.SI Ha B03pacTaHne CyMM
ITpocpO'IeHHOH 3a,ll;OJI)I(eHHOCTH, '!aCTOTa C006IIIeHHH peCITOH,ll;eHTOB 0 ITpocpo'IeHHbiX
06.SI3aTeJibCTBaX OCTaBaJiaCb Ha ITpOT5l)l(eHHH BpeMeHH Ha ypOBHe OKOJIO 75% Bbi6opKH 6e3
KaKHX-JIH60 ITpH3HaKOB CHCTeMaTH'IeCKOrO B03pacTaHH5I. 3a,n:OJI)I(eHHOCTb ITO YITJiaTe
HaJIOrOB ll BbiiiJiaTe 3apa60THOH ITJiaTbi CTa6HJibHO COCTaBJI5IJia 30% OT CyMMbi
Kpe,n:nTopcKoii 3a,n:omKeHHOCTH, 'ITO He YKa3biBaeT Ha KpHTH'IecKoe B03paCTaHHe 6peMeHH
06.SI3aTeJibCTB ITO OTHOIIIeHHIO K ITpaBHTeJihCTBY ll pa60THHKaM.
Ta6Jiuu.a 4.3. CTpyKTypa Kpe,n:nTopcKoii 3a.n;oJI)I(eHHOCTH: 1996- 1998 rr.
I 1996 I 1997 I 1998
06IIJ,aH cyMMa Kpe)J.HTOpCKOH 3a)J.OJI)l(eHHOCTH 0,7 1,0 1,2 (MJIH. rpH.)
T oBaphi H ycnyrH 20% 20% 17% ITpocpoqeHHbie cqeTa 27% 25% 31% HanorH 21% 15% 16% 3aprrnaTa 13% 16% 15%
ITpoqax Kpe.D.HTopcKax 3a.nomKeHHOCTh 19% 24% 21%
O.n;Hoii H3 ITpH'IHH B03pacTaHH5l HeJIHKBH.IJ:HOCTH X035IHCTB B YKpaHHe O'IeBH.IJ:HO
5IBJI5leTC5l HX HeCITOC06HOCTb o6eciTe'IHTb ,ll;OCTaTO'IHbiH o6'beM peaJIH3ai!Hll. _na)l(e
llrHOpHpy.SI 6peM5I HepeaJihHO OI!eHeHHbiX OCHOBHbiX cpe,ll;CTB, Mbl 06Hapy)I(HM, 'ITO Ka)I(,L(a.SI
e,L(HHHI!a OCHOBHbiX cpe,n:CTB o6eciTe'IHBaJia ITOJIYlfeHHe JIHIIIb 0, 78 e,n:HHHI! BblpYlfKH B 1997 r. ll 0,42 - B 1998 r. (Ta6JIUQa 4.4). B 60JibiiiHHCTBe CJiy'IaeB OTHOIIIeHHe Bbipy'IKH K
o6opOTHbiM cpe,n:CTBaM ITpeBbiiiiaeT 2; TaKHe Hll3KHe, HMeiOIIIHe TeH,ll;eHI!lliO K ,ll;aJihHeHIIIeMy
CHH)I(eHHIO ITOKa3aTeJIH 51BJI51IOTC5l OTpa)l(eHHeM cepbe3HbiX ITp06JieM, CB513aHHbiX CO
CITOC06HOCTbiO X0351HCTB o6eciTe'IHBaTb BblpYlfKY Ha OCHOBe CBOeH 6a3bl aKTHBOB.
4. c!JuHaHcoebze pe3yflbmambz pa6ombz peopzaHu3oeaHHblX CeJlbCKoxo3RucmeeHHblX npeonpU.H.muu 35
Ysemrqemre TosapHo-MaTepHaJihHhiX 3arracos- JIHIIIh O.IJ:HH CHMIITOM 3THX TPY.IJ:HOCTe:H:.
OH TaK)l(e HeH36e)l(HO rrpHBO.IJ:HT K B03pacTaHHIO 6peMeHH 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH, orrpe.n:en5IeMo:H:
OTHOCHTeJihHO rroKa3aTene:H: ro.n:osoro o6beMa peaJIH3aUHH. ITocKOJihKY o65!3aTeJihCTBa B
KOHe~IHOM C'leTe IIOrarnaiOTC5I H3 BblpYlJKH, OTHOIIIeHH:e .IJ:OJira K BbipyqKe (TaK Ha3biBaeMbie
"rO.IJ:hl Kpe.IJ:HTOBaHH5I") 5IBJI5IeTC5I IIOJie3HhiM IIOKa3aTeJieM 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH, OC06eHHO B
CHTyaUH5IX, KOr.n:a IIpHMeHeHHe CTaH.IJ:apTHhiX IIOKa3aTeJieH COOTHOIIIeHH5I C06CTBeHHhiX H
3aeMHhiX cpe.IJ:CTB He HMeeT CMhiCJia BCJie.IJ:CTBHe rrepeoueHKH OCHOBHhiX cpe.IJ:CTB.
0THorneHHe .n:onros K peaJIH3aUHH .IJ:JI5I cpe.n:Hero X035IHCTBa B YKpaHHe yseJIH'IHJIOCh c 1,1 B
1997 r. .n:o 2,0 B 1998 r. (Ta6Jiuu:a 4.4). B 1997 r. .IJ:JI5I BhiiiJiaThi 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH
rroTpe6osaJIC5I o6beM peaJIH3aum-r B pa3Mepe CBhirne ro.n:a; B 1998 r . .IJ:JI5I rrorarneHH5I .n:onra
rroTpe6yeTC5I o6beM peaJIH3aUHH B pa3Mepe .n:syx neT. Orrpe.n:eJI5!5I TaKHM o6pa30M
CIIOC06HOCTh X035IHCTB K IIOraiiieHHIO 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTH, MO)l(HO 3aKJIIO'IHTh, 'ITO
3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTb B 1998 r. 3Ha'IHTeJibHO IIpeBbiCHJia 3a.IJ:OJI)l(eHHOCTb B 1997 f.
Ta6Jiuu:a 4.4. Ko3cp_<ll_HUHeHThi o6o_paqHsaeMOCTH KaiiHTaJia, 1997 -1998 rr.
0THOIIJeHiie peaJUBaQHH K 06IIJ,eH cyMMe aKTHBOB
0THOIIJeHH:e peaJIH3ai..J,HH K o6opOTHbiM cpe,ll,CTBaM
0THOIIIeHHe 3a)J,OJDKeHHOCTH K peaJIH3aQHH (rO)J,bl
Kpe,ll,HTOBaHHH)
4.2. Jlpu6blflbHOCmb
I 1997 I 1998
0,10 0,07
0,78
1,1
0,42
2,0
Bcne.n:cTBHe HeH36e)l(HhiX rrocT05IHHhiX orrepauHoHHhiX pacxo.n:os, B5IJia5I peaJIH3aUH5I
IIO'ITH aBTOMaTH'leCKH Be.IJ:eT K OIIepaUHOHHhiM y6niTKaM. 06IUHH .IJ:OXO.IJ: cpe.n:Hero
X035IHCTBa B o6cne.n:osamm (BKJIIO'IM ueHOBhie .n:oTaumr Ha He3Ha'IHTeJihHOM yposHe -
OKOJIO 1 o/o OT peaJIH3aUHH) 6biJI He.IJ:OCTaTO'IHbiM .IJ:JI5I IIOKpbiTH5I ce6eCTOHMOCTH
peaJIH30BaHHOH rrpo.n:yKUHH. ITo coo6meHH5IM ycpe.n:HeHHoro X035IHCTBa, rroTepH HMeJIH
MeCTO .IJ:a)l(e .IJ:O pacrrpe.n:eneHH5I H,[(C (13%- 14% OT peaJIH3aUHH); B KOHe'IHOM pe3yJihTaTe,
IIOTepH .IJ:OCTHrJIH 24% BblpYlJKH OT peaJIH3aUHH, IIOJiyqeHHOH B 1997 r. (Ta6JIHU:a 4.5). Pe3yJihTaTbl 3a 1998 r. IIOKa 'ITO rrpe.n:sapHTeJihHhie H 0 CHH)l(eHHH y6niTKOB CY.IJ:HTh eme
paHO.
Ta6Jiuu:a 4.5. CqeT rrpH6nme:H: H y6niTKOB peopraHH3osaHHhiX X035IHCTB
CosoKynHhiH ,ll,OXO,ll, (BKJUoqaH no,ll,ll,ep)l(aHwe I..J,eH)
BbrpyqKa
IloMep)l(aHHe I..J,eH
H,ll;C Ce6ecTOHMOCTh peaJIH3oBaHHOH npo,ll,yKIIHH
BaJioBaH npH6biJib
I 1997 I 1998 (3-HH KB.)
1 1 00 TbiC. rpH.
100%
2%
14%
111%
-24%
720 TbiC. rpH.
100%
1%
13%
103%
-15%
l13 76 X035IHCTB B HCCJie.IJ:OBaHHH, C006IUHBIIIHX 0 3aTpaTaX H .IJ:OXO.IJ:aX, JIHIIIh 12 HMeJIH
yqeTHYIO IIpH6hiJih B 1997 r.; OCTaJihHhie 64 X035IllCTBa 3apemcTpHpOBaJIH yqeTHbie IIOTepH
(Ta6Jiuu:a 4.6). PeHTa6eJibHOCTh .IJ:JI5I .X035IHCTB c .n:oxo.n:aMH co 3HaKOM "+" 6nm
3Ha'IHTeJibHO HH)l(e "K03cpcpHUHeHTa y6niTO'IHOCTH" .IJ:JI5I X035IHCTB C .IJ:OXO.IJ:aMH CO 3HaKOM "
". 3TO, KOHe'IHO, IIpHBeJIO K cpe.IJ:HHM .IJ:OXO.IJ:aM Ha X035IHCTBO B Bhi60pKe CO 3HaKOM "-".
KpoMe Toro, B Bhi6opKe OTcyTcTsyeT rrocne.n:osaTeJihHOCTh rrpH6biJihHOCTH X035IHCTB: H3 12
36 YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU cellbCKOX03Rucm6eHHbZX npeonpURmuu
X0351HCTB, C006lll;IiBIIIlfX 0 I1pH:6biJI51X B 1997 If 1998 rr., Jilflllh 3 ITO.JI)"'lfJilf I1pH:6biJilf B o6a
rrepH:o,na.
B rrorrhiTKe pa3pemH:Th rrpo6rreMy OTCYTCTBlf51 JilfKBlf.[{HOCTlf B ClfCTeMe B pe3yJihTaTe
llllipOKOMaCIIITa6HbiX y6hiTKOB If HeCITOC06HOCTlf o6ecrre"l!ll:Th .[{OCTaTO"l!HhiH o6opOT,
ceJibCKOX0351HCTBeHHhie rrpe,nrrpli51Tlf51 rrepeXOMT Ha ITOBCeMeCTHOe 3aKJIIO"l!eHH:e 6apTepHbiX
corrraiiieHlfii KaK c rroKyrraTeJI51Mlf, TaK If pa6oTHlfKaMlf. 11ccrre,noBaHH:e Bhl51BlfJIO
cyrn;eCTBeHHyiO .[{eMOHeTlf3al(lfiO peaJIH:3al(lflf; TaK, B 1997 If 1998 rr. 6apTep COCTaBlfJI
OKOJIO 40% BblpYl:JKlf. Tpy,nOBhie OTHOIIIeHlf51 TaK)I(e CTaHOB51TC51 3Ha'1H:TeJibHO
,[{eMOHeTlf3lipOBaHHhiMlf B YCJI0Blf51X BhiiTJiaTbl HaTypoii OKOJIO 60% 3aprrrraThl (B cpeL(HeM 90 rpn./"l!err. B Mec. lfJilf oKorro 36 .norrrrapoB CIIIA/"l!err. B Mec.). B uerroM, ,n:Be TpeTlf
pyKOBO.[{ll:Terreii X0351HCTB C006InlfJilf 0 pOCTe KOJilfl:JeCTBa 6apTepHbiX orrepal(lfH If BhiiTJiaThl
3aprrrraThi HaTypoii B Te"l!eHH:e rrepexo.nnoro rrepH:o,na.
Ta6JIHUa 4.6. f1pli6hiJibHOCTh B e,nH:Hlfl(aX K03cpcplil(lfeHTa peaJilf3al(lflf: OTHOllleHH:e
rrpH: 6 ~I 6 ('X ) hiJielffyt hiTKOB K pearrH:3al(lflf o pearrH:3aUH:lf
1997 1998
Ilpii6hmw'y6hiTKII KoJI.WieCTBO Ilpii6biJIWy6hiTKII KoniiqecTBo
B % peanmau,IIII X03llllCTB B % peaniiJaiJ,IIII X03llllCTB
Xo3srifcTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o 11% 12 15% 12 I1pi16binHX
X0351HCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o6 -36% 64 -26% 61
y6hnKax
Xo351HCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o 6% 3 16% 3 rrpH6hmHx B o6a rrepHop,a
Xo3HHCTBa, coo6lll,HBIIIHe o6 -39% 55 -29% 53 y6hrTKax B o6a rrepHop,a
B u.enoM B Bhr6opKe -24% 76 -17% 73
4. 3. CmpyKmypa 3ampam u molJKG pa6Ho6eCU5l
I1pH:o6peTeHHhie MaTepmliihHo-TeXHI-I'lecKlfe pecypcbi If pa6o'la51 clfrra 51BJI51IOTC51
OCHOBHbiMlf KOMITOHeHTaMlf I1pOli3BO.[{CTBeHHhiX 3aTpaT B CeJihCKOM X0351HCTBe, COCTaBJI5151 B
CYMMe OKOJIO 75% COBOKYITHhiX 3aTpaT (Ta6JIHUa 4.7). 113 I1pH:06peTeHHhiX MaTepH:aJibHO
TeXHlf'leCKlfX pecypCOB, Tpli KOMITOHeHTa - KOpMa .[{JI51 )l(lfBOTHhiX, TOITJilfBO If BHeiiiHlfe
ycrryrlf - COCTaBJI51IOT OCHOBHYIO "llaCTh 3aTpaT Ha MaTepliarrhHO-TeXHlfl:JeCKlfe pecypcbi
( CBhiiiie 60%; CMOTpli Ta6JIHUY 4.8).
4. C/JUHaHCOBble pe3yJlbmambl pa6ombl peopzaHU30BGHHblX CeJlbCKOX035l"UCmBeHHblX npeOnpURmUU 3 7
Ta6nm:.~;a 4.7. CTpyKTypa 3aTpaT, 1997-1998 rr. (B% OT COBOKYIIHhiX rrpoH3BO.IJ:CTBeHHhiX
3aTpaT)
l 1997 l 1998 (3-mi KBapnn)
MaTepHaJihHO-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcbr 61 62
Pa6oqa5I cmm 14 13 Cou,HaJihHhre ycnyrH 6 6
AMopTmau,H5I 14 11
ITpoqHe 3aTpaThr 6 7
CosoKyrrHhre 3aTpaTbi (ThiC. rpH.) 2 300 1 600
EcnH rrpHo6peTeHHhie MaTepHanhHO-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcni HBJIHIOTCH rrepeMeHHhiMH
3aTpaTaMH, pa6oqag CH:na B ycnOBHHX YKpaH:Hhl ITO CyiiieCTBY OTHOCHTCH K IIOCTOHHHhiM
3aTpaTaM, IIOCKOJihKY CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbie rrpe,n:npHHTHH Tpa,n:H~HOHHO HeOXOTHO
paccTaiOTCH c pa6oqeif CHnoH:, ,n:a)l{e B ycnoBHHX ee oqeBH,n:Horo H36hiTKa. TaK, 90%
PYKOBO.IJ:HTeneH: coo61IIHJIH, qTo B cnyqae HeB03MO)l{HOCTH BhmnaTHTh 3apnnary, OHH rrpocTo
3a,n:ep)l{aT ee BhiiiJiaTy HJIH OTIIpaBHT pa6oqH:X B OTIIyCK. JIH:IIIh OKOJIO 20% pyKOBO)J,H:Teneif
H3b51BHJIH )l(eJiaHHe paCCMOTpeTb )J,Ba pa,n:HKaJihHhiX BapHaHTa Bbi60pa, CB513aHHhiX C
COKpaiiieHH:eM pa6oqeif CHJibi HJIH CHH:)l{eHH:eM 3aprrnaThi.
KpoMe CTa6H:JihHOCTH 3aTpaT Ha pa6oqYI0 CHny, eiiie 15%-20%, COCTaBJ151IOIIIHe
paCXO)J,hi Ha CO~HaJibHbie ycnyrH H aMOpTH3a~HOHHbie OTqHCJieHH51, TaK)l{e B CYIIIHOCTH
51BJ151IOTC51 rrocT051HHhiMH 3aTpaTaMH. TaKHM o6pa30M, cenncKOX0351HCTBeHHhie rrpe.n:rrpH51TH51
YKpaHHhl pa60TaJIH B 1997-1998 rr. B ycnOBHHX CTpyKTypnl 3aTpaT, B KOTOpOH OKOJIO 30%
COCTaBJ151JIH IIOCT051HHhie 3aTpaThl H 70%- rrepeMeHHhie.
Ta6nnu;a 4.8. CTPYKTypa 3aTpaT Ha MaTepHanhHo-TeXHHqecKHe pecypcbi: 1997-1998 rr. (B
% 061IIHX 3aTpaT Ha MaTepHaJihHO-TeXHH:qecKHe pecypCbi)
I 1997 I 1998
CeMeHa H ca)KeHIJ,hi 11 11 KopMa )J,JI5I )KHBOTHhiX 27 26
ITpoMe)KYTOqHhre rrpo.n:yKThi 7 4
Y .n:o6peHH5I 6 6
TorrJIHBO 16 16
3neKTpo:meprH5I 5 5
0TOIIJieHHe 1 2
3arrqacni 10 9
BHernHHe ycnyrH 16 21
CosoKyrrHhre 3aTpaThi Ha MaTepHaJihHO- 100 100
TeXHHqecKHe pecypchr
ITpH ¢aKTHqecKoM ypoBHe orrepa~HH, X0351HCTBa coo61IIHJIH o6 y6niTKax B pa3Mepe
oKono 20% oT peanH3a~HH ( CMOTpH Ta6nnu;y 4.5). HacKonhKO .n:on)l{eH B03pacTH o6neM
peanma~HH, qT06ni X0351HCTBa .n:ocTHrnH ypoBH51 6e3y6niToqHoCTH? I1pocTOi1 aHanH3
6e3y6niTOqHOCTH Ha OCHOBe H:MeiOIIIeHC51 CTpyKTypni 3aTpaT H ,n:eHCTBH:TeJihHOrO
K03¢<l>H~HeHTa y6niTOqHOCTH CBH)J,eTeJibCTByeT 0 TOM, qTO )J,J151 IIOKpbiTH51 CBOHX
orrepa~HOHHhiX 3aTpaT X0351HCTBa )J,OJI)I(Hbl yBeJIH:qHTh ypoBeHh peaJIH3a~HH B CpaBHeHHH C
1997 r. 6onee qeM B)J,BOe ( CMOTpH BCTaBKy H Puc. 4.1 ). TaKHM o6pa30M, rrepexo,n: OT
38 YKpauna: o63op onbzma peopzanu3alfUU ceJlbCKOX03RucmeennbZX npeiJnpURmuu
y6hiTKOB K IIpH6hiJUIM OCyiiieCTBHTh HerrerKO li )l,JISI TOfO, qTo6hi X03HHCTBa CTaJili
peHTa6eJihHhiMH, Tpe6yiOTCH pa,ll,HKaJihHhie rrepeMeHhi.
AHanH3 6e3y6bJT0'4HOCTH peopraHH30BaHHbiX xo3JuitcTB TbiC.
3 .......................................................................................... .
2 ......... . ... ·t ....................................... . I I I I
... ·I ....................................... .
2 TbiC.
I 1 To"'Ka paBHosecHSl : (paBeHCTBO Bblp~KI1 11 3aTpaT) = 2,250
3 4
PHCYHOK 4.1. napaMeTpbl: nony~eHHaf! Bblpy~Ka 1 000; y6biTK11 200; nOCTOf!HHble 3aTpaTbl 360; nepeMeHHble 3arpaTbl 0,84 or peam13al...\1111
EcJUI P(97) cocTaBJU!eT o6oeM peamnarum 3a 1997 r. I1 X03Hi1cTBa coo6mHmi o6 y6hiTKax B pa3Mepe -0,2P(97) (T.e. 20% OT peaJIH3aiJ,HH), TOr,L(a COBOKYITHble 3arpaTbl B 1997 r. COCTaBJIHIOT C3(97) =
1,2P(97). l13 :nofi cyMMbi, 0,3 C3(97) = 0,3 X 1,2P(97)- ITOCTOHHHhie 3arpaTbi, a 0,7 C3(97) = 0,7 X 1 ,2P(97) - rrepeMeHHhie 3arpaThL Ko3<fJ<fJHu,HeHT rr = 0, 7 x 1,2 paccMarpHBaeTCH KaK rrepeMeHHhie 3aTpaThi Ha e.nHHHuy peanmoBaHHofi rrpo.nyKUHH B peanhHhiX ycnOBHHX. TaKHM o6pa30M, cTaH.napTHYJO 3aBHCHMOCTh 6eJy6hnoqHoCTH (HaXO)I(.L\eHHe HYJieBofi rrpH6hiJIH) MO)I(HO H3o6pa3HTh B cne.n)'IOIUefi <!JopMe:
0 = P- 0,3 x 1,2P(97)- 0,7 x 1,2P = (1- 0,7 x 1,2)P- 0,3 x 1,2P(97),
r,D;e P(97)- <PaKTrrqecKaH Bhlp)"'Ka 3a 1997 r. (orrpe,D;eJIHIOII.(aH KOMIIOHeHT IIOCTOHHHbiX 3alpaT), a pHCKOMbiH 6e3y6hiTOqHhiH o6beM peanmau,IIH ( orrpe.neJIHIOUIHH ,L(OXO,L(bl H rrepeMeHHble 3arpaTbi). PeiiiHB 3TO ypaBHeHHe .L(JIH P/P(97), rrOJI)"'HM:
P/P(97) = 0,3 X 1,2/(1- 0,7 x 1,2) = 2,25 (*)
,[J:pyrHMH CJIOBaMH, ,L(JIH ,L\OCTH)I(eHHH ypOBHH 6e3y6hiTOqHOCTH, cpe,L(Hee X03HHCTBO ,L(OJI)I(HO ITOJ!y<IHTh BbipyqKy, paBHYJO rrocryrrneHHHM 3a 1997 r., yMHO)I(eHHhiM Ha 2,25.
3aBHCHMOCTh (*) .L(JIH P/P(97) MO)I(HO nerKo CKoppeKTHpOBaTh .L(JIH Mo.nenHpoBamiH .npymx crpyKryp 3aTpaT H K03<fJ<fJHIJ,HeHTOB y6hiTOqHOCTH. 0THOIIIeHHe ITOCTOHHHbiX 3aTpaT K rrepeMeHHhiM (B [997 r.) Bbipa)l(aeTCH, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, qHCJiaMH 0,3 H 0,7, TOr,L(a KaK K03<fJ<fJHIJ,HeHT 1,2 I10Ka3biBaeT, qTo COBOKYITHbie 3arpaTbl B 1997 r. Ha 20% rrpeBhiiiiaJIH Bblp)"'KY 3a 1997 r., qTO rrpHBeJIO K 20% Ko3<fJ<fJHUHeHry y6hiToqHoCTH OT peanH3aUHH. B rrapaMerpHqecKofi <!JopMe (*) MO)I(HO JarrHcaTb KaK:
P\P(97) = rr(Tio3) x (1 - rrpH6.)/(l - rr(Tie3) x (1- rrpH6.) (**)
3.nech rr(Tio3), rr(Tie3) rrpe,L\CTaBJIHIOT ,L\01110 ITOCTOHHHhiX Ii rrepeMeHHhiX 3arpaT B COBOKyiTHbiX 3arpaTaX (3TH .L(Be ,L(OJIH eCTeCTBeHHO COCTaBJIHIOT B CYMMe 1), a rrpH6. HBJIHeTCH K03<fJ<fJm~HeHTOM rrpH6biJihHOCTH (co 3HaKOM "+", B cnyqae OTqeTHOH I1pH6hiJIIi Ii CO 3HaKOM "-", B cnyqae OTqeTHhiX y6hiTKOB). I13MeHHH 3TH rrapaMelpbi B <fJopMyne (**), Mbl MO)I(eM paccqHTaTh 6e3y6hiTOqHOCTb ,L(JIH JII06ofi rpe6yeMofi crpyKryphr 3arpaT Ii 11106oro .naHHOro ypoBHH y6hiTKOB.
5. Co~HaJihHaH HHCf>pacTpyKrypa H yposeHh :tKH3HH
5.1. CoZJUa.flbHble yc;zyzu 11a cefle
PeopraHH30BaHHbie cenbCKOX03srifcTBeHHbie rrpe.n:rrpHSITHSI rrpo.n:omKruoT o6ecrre~msaTh
IIIHpOKHH Ha6op COI!HaJibHbiX ycnyr If BbiiiJiaT CBOHM pa60THHKaM. TaK, 60% X03SIHCTB
o6ecrre~mBaiOT IIpSIMbie <}:>HHaHCOBbie BbiiiJiaTbi, KOTOpbie rJiaBHbiM o6pa30M BKJIIOqaJOT
IIOC06HSI MHOro.n;eTHbiM CeMbSIM (50% peCIIOH,ll;eHTOB), yqaiUHMCSI (20%), ,li;OIIJiaTy Ha
IIpOBe.n;eHHe OTIIYCKOB ( 1 0%) If ,ll;a)l(e KOMIIeHCai!HIO B CBSI3H C HH<}:>JISII!HOHHbiM
rroshuneHHeM I!eH (1 0% ). KpoMe rrpsrMbiX <}:>HHaHCOBbiX BbiiiJiaT, cenhcKoxo3srifcTseHHhie
rrpe.n;rrpHSITHSI IIOBCeMeCTHO rrpe,li;OCTaBJISIIOT IIOMOIUb B o6pa60TKe IIpHyca.n;e6HbiX yqaCTKOB
Ha cene (85% rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH) If IIO-IIpe)l(HeMy SIBJISIIOTCSI HCTOqHHKOM IIpO.D:OBOJibCTBeHHbiX
rrpo.n;yKTOB H TpaHcrropTHbiX ycnyr (rrpe.n:ocTaBJISIIOTcsr rroqTH 3/4 rrpe.n;rrpHSITHif). Ta6JIH~a
5.1. ,ll;eMOHCTpHpyeT Ha6op He<}:>HHaHCOBbiX ycnyr If BbiiiJiaT ,li;OMaiiiHHM X03SIHCTBaM,
o6ecrreqHBaeMbiX CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiMH rrpe.n;rrpHSITHSIMH.
Ta6JIH~a 5.1. IIpe.n:ocTasneHHe cenbcKoxo3srifcTBeHHbiMH rrpe.n:rrpHSITHSIMH ycnyr .n:nsr
,li;OMaiiiHHX X03SIHCTB (% 06IUero KOJIIfqeCTBa ceJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH B
6 ) Bbi opKe
Tipe.n:ocTaBnemfe EecrrnaTHO Tio IJo pb!H04HbiM
ycnyr JJ:OTHpOBaHHbiM CTaBKaM
CTaBKaM
BcnaiiiKa npeyca.ne6HhiX 85 27 56 2 y'IaCTKOB
PHTYaJihHbie yc.JI}TH 84 55 29 --TipO,li,OBOJlbCTBeHHbie 73 9 57 7 npo.nyKThi
TpaHcnopT 71 8 58 5 Crpo.HTeJihCTBO H peMOHT 49 4 31 14 )!(IfJlhH
IiJ:CIIOJib30BaHHe 31 3 22 6 Be,LJ,OMCTBeHHOrO )!(If.JlhH
il.eHrpaJibHOe OTOIIJieH.He, 29 -- 22 7 IIe'IHOe TOIIJI.HBO
Bo.na 29 9 14 6 raJ 9 -- 3 6 3rreKrpo:mepr.HH 9 1 2 6
TipOMbiiiiJieHHbie TOBapbl 8 -- -- 8
lliHpOKOMaCIIITa6HM rrpaKTHKa rrpe,li;OCTaBJieHHSI 6eCIIJiaTHbiX ycnyr pa60THHKaM
X03SIHCTB 60Jibiiie He HCIIOJib3yeTCSI (Ta6JIH~a 5.1). B CYIUHOCTH, e,li;HHCTBeHHOH
6ecrrnaTHoif ycnyroif srsnsriOTcsr rroxopoHhi. MexaHH3HposaHHOe o6cny)l(HBaHHe
rrpHyca.n;e6Horo yqacTKa, oqeHb Ba)l(HbiH KOMIIOHeHT COI!HaJibHOif c<):>epbi Ha cene, ceifqac
OCyiUeCTBJISieT 6eCIIJiaTHO JIHIIIb qeTBepTb rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH; 6onee IIOJIOBHHbi
CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpHSITHH rpe6YIOT OIIJiaqHBaTb :ny Ba)l(HYIO ycnyry,. XOTSI If B
.n;oTHpoBaHHoif <):>opMe. CBbiiiie 80% cenhcKoxo3srifcTneHHbiX rrpe.n:rrpHsrTHif Tpe6YIOT orrnaThi
rrpoqlfX ycnyr, BKJIIOqaSJ: IIpO,li;OBOJibCTBeHHbie IIpO.D:YKTbi If TpaHCIIOpT, HO TaK)!(e, rJiaBHbiM
o6pa30M, B ,li;OTHpOBaHHOH <}:>opMe.
39
40 YKpauHa: o63op onbtma peopzaHu3a!Juu ce!lbCKOX03RucmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu
PyKoBo.r:unemr X035IHCTB c~MTaiOT, ~To ~acTHbie <lJepMepor B MX perMOHe MMeiOT ,nocTyn
KO BCeM OCHOBHbiM ycrryraM (BKJIIO~a5I ,UeTCKMe Ca,Uhi, IIIKOJihi, TpaHCnOpT, Me,UM[(MHCKYIO
nOMOI[(b, )J(JiJihe li KOMMYHaJihHbie ycrrynr) HapaBHe C pa60THliKaMli CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX
npe,nnpH5ITMii. ,.O:eiicTBMTeJibHO, no coo6meHM5IM, ~acTHbie <lJepMepbi KaK npaBMJIO He
)J(aJIOBaJIMCh Ha Tpy,nHOCTM, CB5I3aHHhie c B03MO)J(HOCThiO nocemeHM5I MX ,neTbMM
,UOIIIKOJihHbiX y~pe)J(,UeHMH, IIIKOJI, a TaK)J(e B ,UOCTyne K Me,Uli[(liHCKOH nOMOI[(li li
KOMMYHaJihHhiM ycrryraM. Tpy,nHOCTM c TpaHcnopTOM, ne~HhiM TonrrMBOM, CTpOHTerrbcTBOM
li peMOHTOM )J(JiJib5I, KOTOpbie KaK npaBMJIO o6ecne~MBaeT ,UJI5I CBOMX pa60THMKOB
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOe npe,nnpH5ITMe, OTMe~aJili MeHee 20% pecnOH,UeHTOB Ii3 ~IiCJia
~acTHhiX <lJepMepoB. B [(erroM, no coo6meHM5IM <lJepMepoB, cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHoe
npe,nnpH5ITMe He Bhmrra~MBaeT MM noMOI[(h, KaK 3To 6omo paHbiiie. TeM He MeHee,
cepbe3Hhie )J(aJI06bi Ha Tpy,UHOCTM, CB5I3aHHbie C npe,UOCTaBJieHMeM CO[(liaJibHbiX ycrryr,
OTCYTCTByiOT.
bOJihiiia5I ~aCTb ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX npe,nnpH5ITlill npO,UOJI)J(aeT nO,U,Uep)J(HBaTb
IIIKOJihi M ,neTCKMe ca,nhi. ITpo~Me npe,nnpH5ITM5I o6mecTBeHHoro Ha3Ha~eHM5I (B TOM ~Herre
nOJiliKJiliHliKli, KJiy6bi li 6M6JIMOTeKH) norr~aiOT 3Ha~MTeJibHO MeHhiiiyiO no,n,nep)J(Ky.
CerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhie npe,nnpH5ITM5I KaK o6oi~Ho He nrraT5IT 3apnrraTy pa6oTHMKaM
YKa3aHHbiX npe,nnpH5ITlill li He o6ecne~MBaiOT liM HMKaKOll ,UeHe)J(HOH no.rmep)J(Kli.
0cHOBHa5I noMOI[(h nocTynaeT ~epe3 ,noTHpoBaHHbie o6crry)J(MBaHMe M KOMMYHaJihHbie
ycrryrM, a TaK)J(e nOCTaBKli npO,UOBOJibCTBeHHbiX npo,nyKTOB (Ta6JIHIJ;a 5.2).
Ta6JIHIJ;a 5.2. ITo,U,Uep)J(Ka o6oeKTOB CO[(MaJihHOH c<lJepbi cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiMM
npe,nnpH5ITM5IMM (% npe,nnpM5ITMH)
f1pe)J.npH5!TH5l, <l>opMa IIO)J.)J.ep)I{Klf
o6ecneqHBaJOlli,He BhmJTaTa 06cJTy)I{HBaHHe, 06ecneqeHHe
IIO)J.)J.ep)I{KY 3apnnaTbi KOMMYHaJTbHhre npO)J.OB.
o6beKTa ycnyrH npO)J.YKTaMM
lliKOJTbl 73 7 34 33 )J,eTca)J.hi 64 9 19 36 Me)J.yqpe)I{)J.eHM5l 48 6 30 12 Kny6hr, npe)J.npmiTH5! 45 14 28 3 KYITbTYPbl
EH6ITHOTeKH 20 4 14 2 PecTopaHbi, Ka~e 42 15 13 14
PaCXO)J.bi Ha CO[(liaJibHbie ycrryrM li no,U,Uep)J(KY 06beKTOB CO[(liaJibHOH c<lJepbi
COCTaBJI5IIOT MeHee 10% COBOKynHOfO 06beMa paCXO,UOB npe,nnpli5ITM5I, npli 3TOM Jllilllb 1/4 pyKOBO,UMTerreH: O)J(M,UaeT yBerrM~eHM5I 6peMeHM pacxo,noB Ha o6mecTBeHHhie HY)J(,Ubi B
crre,UyiOI[(eM ro,ny. ITpe,nomymMe o6crre,noBaHM5I YKa3hiBaiOT Ha 3Ha~MTerrhHOe coKpameHMe
6IO,U)J(eTHbiX paCXO,UOB ceJibCKOX035IllCTBeHHbiX npe,nnpli5ITMH Ha CO[(liaJibHbie li
o6mecTBeHHbie HY)J()Xhi. O,nHaKo 3To pe3yJioTaT coKpameHM5I o6oeMa ycrryr, a He nepe,na~M
o6oeKTOB CO[(MaJihHOH c<lJephi M ycrryr MecTHhiM CoBeTaM, KaK 3Toro Tpe6yeT 3aKoH.
Ta6JIHu;a 5.3 ,neMoHcTpHpyeT, ~To B rr~IIIeM c~ae 25%-30% cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX
npe,nnpH5ITMii nepe,narrM HeKoTopore CBOM aKTMBhi CO[(MaJihHOH c<lJepbi cerrhCKMM CoBeTaM,
TOr,na KaK 60Jihiiia5I ~aCTb X035IHCTB He npe,nnpHH5IJia KaKMX-JIM60 ,nefiCTBlill (nepe,na~a
aKTliBOB npe,nnpH5ITMIO-npaBOnpeeMHMKy TaK)J(e 03Ha~aeT, no cyi[(eCTBy, 6e3,UeHCTBMe,
nOCKOJihKY nocrre,nHee npO,UOJI)J(aeT HeCTli OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a 3TH aKTliBbi 3a C~eT CBOMX
onepa[(MOHHhiX ,UeHe)J(HbiX nOTOKOB ). f1pMBaTM3a[(li5I 5IBJI5IeTC5I 6e3yCJIOBHO 3<lJ<lJeKTliBHbiM
5. Co!JUanbHaR uHrjJpacmpyKmypa u ypoeeHb J/CU3HU 4I
Bapi:IaHTOM Bbi60pa ITIUIIb ,[(n5I Be,IJ;OMCTBeHHOrO )KIIJib5!, HO ,IJ;a)Ke 3TOT Bbi60p IICIIOJib30BaJIO
MeHee 1/3 X035IMCTB.
Ta6JIHna 5.3. ITepe,IJ;aqa o6'beKTOB COUIIaJibHOM c<Pepbi ceJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiMII
rrpe.IJ:IIpii5ITII5IMII (o/c ~) o rr_pe,IJ;rr JII5ITIIII
0TC)'TCTBHe Tiepe,ZJ,aHhi Tiepe,ZJ,aHhi TipHBaTH3HpOBaHbl
,ZJ,eHCTBHM npe,ZJ,npmnmo- CeJihCKOMY
npasonpeeMHHKY Cosezy
)l{HJihe 47 I6 7 30 ,r:(OIIIKOJibHhie 54 I9 2I 2 yqpe)K)J,eHH~
illKOJihl 66 6 27 --Kny6hi, npe,ZJ,npH~TH~ 45 I5 3I --KYJibTypbl
EH6JIHOTeKH 62 9 26 --Me,ZJ,y4pe)K)J,eHII~ 65 13 2I I PecTopaHhi, Kacpe 54 35 6 4 Bo,ZJ,onpoBO)J,hi 54 20 14 6 ):(opom 52 26 II 5
BcJie,[(CTBIIe MaJIOH Bbi60pKII HepeopraHII30BaHHbiX X035IMCTB, pa3HIIUa B CTpyKType
rrpe,IJ;OCTaBJieHII5! COUIIaJibHbiX ycnyr II IIOMep)KKII rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITIIM COUIIaJibHOM c<Pepbl
peopraHII30BaHHbiMII II HepeopraHII30BaHHbiMII CeJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiM rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITII5IM He
rrpocJie)KIIBaeTC5!.
B rronoBIIHe X035IMCTB 3a,IJ;OJI)KeHHOCTb rro BbiiiJiaTe rocy,IJ;apcTBeHHbiX rreHCIIM
CeJibCKIIM rreHCIIOHepaM COCTaBJI5IeT OT 3 ,[(0 6 MeC5!UeB. B CBOIO oqepe,IJ;b, % CeJibCKOX035IMCTBeHHbiX rrpe,Il;IIpii5ITIIM 3a,IJ;ep)KIIBaiOT OTqiiCJieHIIe BbiiiJiaT B <PoH,[(
COUIIaJibHOrO o6ecrreqeHII5! IIpii cpe,IJ;HIIX HaKOIIJieHHbiX 065!3aTeJibCTBaX B pa3Mepe OKOJIO
200 000 rpH. (80 000 .IJ:OJIJiapoB ClliA).
5.2 CeMeill-tbzu ooxoo aKlfUOHepo6 ceJZbcKoxo3flucm6eHHbZX npeonpuRmuu
Cpe,IJ;HIIH ,IJ;eHe)KHbiH ,IJ;OXO.IJ: .IJ:OManmero X0351IIcTBa B Bhi6opKe cocTaBJI51eT 136 rpH. B
MeC5IU (55 ,IJ;OJI. ClliA). OH OCHOBaH Ha ,IJ;eiicTBIITeJibHbiX ,IJ;eHe)KHbiX rroCTyrrneHII51X, B TOM
qiicne KOMIIOHeHTa 3aprrnaTbi B ,IJ;eHe)KHOM Bbipa)KeHIIII. CTpyKTypa ceMeiiHoro ,IJ;eHe)KHOro
,IJ;oxo,IJ;a ,IJ;eMOHCTpiipyeTc5! B rrepBoif KOJIOHKe Ta6JIHnhi 5.4: 46% ,IJ;eHe)KHoro ,IJ;oxo,IJ;a
COCTaBJI5IeT 3aprrJiaTa II rreHCII5I; ellle 39% - 3TO ,IJ;eHe)KHbiH ,[(OXO,[( OT rrpiiyCa,IJ;e6Horo
yqacTKa. O,IJ;HaKo, JIIIIIIb oTHOCIITeJibHO MaJia51 qacTb 3aprrnaTbi ,IJ;eifcTBIITeJibHO
BbUIJiaqiiBaeTC5! ,IJ;eHbraMII: JIIIIIIeHHbie ,IJ;eHe)KHbiX cpe,IJ;CTB rrpe,Il;IIpii51TII51 B 3HaqiiTeJibHOH
Mepe IIOJiaraiOTC51 Ha BbiiiJiaTy 3aprrJiaTbi CBOIIM pa60THIIKaM HaTypoif
(rrpO,Il;OBOJibCTBeHHbiMII IIpO.IJ:YKTaMII II CeJibCKOX0351MCTBeHHbiMII MaTepiiaJibHO-
TeXHIIqeCKHMif pecypcaMH). CTOHMOCTb 3aprrJiaTbi, IIOJiyqeHHOH B HaType, rroqTif Y.IJ:BaHBaeT
cpe.IJ:HeMecJiqHbiM .IJ:OXO.IJ:, rroBbiiiia51 ero co 136 rpH. (55 ,IJ;onnapoB ClliA) .IJ:O 245 rpH. (rroqTH
100 ,IJ;OJIJiapoB ClliA). IT pH TaKOM paccMoTpeHHH ceMeiiHoro ,IJ;OXO,IJ;a 3aprrnaTa HaTypoM:
COCTaBJI5IeT 44% COBOKYIIHOrO ,[(OXO,[(a ( CMOTpH BTOpYJO KOJIOHKY B Ta6JIHne 5.4).
42 YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzmm3alfUU ceJibCKOX035liicmeeHHblX npeonpUJJmuii
Ta6mu.-a 5.4. CTpyKrypa ceMeilHoro JJ:OXOJJ:a rrp11 pa:m11qHbiX JJ:OIIyll(eHI151X (Ha ocHoBe
orrpoca 697 6 ) CeMel1 B Bbl OpKe
l1CKJIIO'·!H- )J,eHe)!(HbiH )J,eHe)!(HbiH ,UOXO,U )J,eHe)!(HhlH J~OXO,U,
TeJihHO ,UOXO,U l-1 l-1 CTOllMOCTb 3aprmaTa Ha1ypoil u
,UeHe)!(HhiH CTOllMOCTb rrorpe6JieHHli CTOHMOCTb
,UOXO,U 3aprrJiaTbi B IIpO,UyKTOB C IIOTpe6JieHllll
Harype rrpeyca.ue6Horo IIpO.UyKTOB C
yqacTKa rrpuyca.ue6Horo
yqacTKa
Mecli'IHhiH ceMeHHhiH 136 rpH. 245 rpH. 225 rpH. 334 rpH.
)J,OXO)J, $US 55 US$ 100 US$ 90 US$ 135 3aprmaTa HarypoH: - 44% - 33% 3apnnaTa .LJ,eHhraMM 23% 13% 14% 9% IleHCM51 23% 13% 14% 9% TipoqMe nM'IHhie 5% 3% 3% 2% )J,OXO)J,hl
,[l,oxo.LJ, OT peanu3a~MM 39% 22% 24% 16% npo.LJ,yK~MM C
npMyca.LJ,e6Horo yqacTKa
IJpoqa51 )J,e51TeJ1bHOCTb 11% 6% 7% 4% Y CJIOBHO Ha'IMCJ151eMa51 - - 39% 27% CTOMMOCTh npo.LJ,yK~MM
llOTpe6neHM51
C06CTBeHHOfO
npOM3BO)J,CTBa
KpoMe JJ:eHe)lmoro JJ:OXOJJ:a 11 CT011MOCTI1 3aprrrraTbi B HaType Ba)l(HO paccMoTpeTb
CTOI1MOCTb IIpOJJ:YKTOB, IIOTpe6JI51eMbiX CeMb51M11 C IIp11yCa.IJ:e6HbiX yqaCTKOB. f1p0113BOJJ:CTBO,
op11eHT11posaHHOe Ha o6ecrreqeH11e co6cTBeHHbiX HY)l(JJ:, 3aMeH51eT rrp11o6peTeH11e
IIpOJJ:OBOJlbCTBeHHbiX IIpOJJ:YKTOB ITO KOMMepqeCKI1M KaHarraM 11, COOTBeTCTBeHHO,
HeKoTopyiO qacTh rroTpe6HOCTI1 ceMbl1 B JJ:eHhrax. CToi1MOCTb rroTpe6rreHI151 rrpo.IJ:YKTOB,
rrpo113Be.IJ:eHHbiX Ha rrp11yca.IJ:e6HoM yqacTKe, cocTaBrr51eT 88 rpH.!Mec. JJ:IT51 cpe.IJ:Hero
JJ:OMaiiiHerO X0351HCTBa B Bbi60pKe ( CMOTpM BCTaBKy). TaKMM o6pa30M, CTOHMOCTh
co6CTBeHHOfO IIOTpe6rreHI151 yseJII1qi1BaeT CeMeHHbiH JJ:OXOJJ: Ha 36%, BKJIJOqa5J CTOI1MOCTb
3aprrnaThi B HaType (oT 245 rpH. MJIH 100 .LJ,on. CiliA JJ:O 334 rpH.!Mec. 11rr11 135 JJ:OIT. CiliA;
CMOTp11 IIOCJie.IJ:HIOJO KOJIOHKY B Ta6JIHQe 5.4).
f1p11HI1Ma51 BO BHI1MaH11e 3aprrrraTy HaTypoH 11 CTOI1MOCTb C06CTBeHHOf0
IIOTpe6rreHI151 rrpOJJ:YKTOB C IIp11yCa.IJ:e6HOfO yqacTKa, cpe.IJ:HI1H JJ:OXOJJ: Ha JJ:YIIIY B paMKaX
11ccrre.IJ:OBaH1151 cocTaBI1JI 83 rpH.!Mec. (33 JJ:Orrrrapa CiliA). 3Ta :o;11¢pa 61>ma rrorryqeHa rrp11
3aHI1)l(eHHOH o:o;eHKe ycrrOB11H, JJ:OIIYCKa51 50% pa3pbiB B o6neMe IIp0113BOJJ:CTBa JJ:OMaiiiH11X
X0351HCTB, KOTOpbie IIpOJJ:aiOT CBOJO rrpOJJ:YK:U11JO, 11 X0351HCTB, KOTOpbie He 3aH11MaJOTC51
rrpo.IJ:a)l(eH:. MeHbiiii1H pa3pbiB Me)l(JJ:y JJ:ByM51 rpyrrrraMI1 JJ:OMaiiiHI1X X0351HCTB JII1IIIb yserr11q11T
ycrrOBHO Haql1cJieHHbiH JJ:OXOJJ: OT co6CTBeHHOf0 IIOTpe6rreHI151. B JIJ060M crryqae, JJ:a)l(e rrp11
HaiiieM 3aH11)l(eHHOM JJ:OIIyll(eHI111, cpe.IJ:H11H JJ:OXOJJ: Ha JJ:YIIIY B pa3Mepe 83 rpH./MeC.
3Haqi1TeJibHO rrpeBbiiiiaeT qepTy 6e.IJ:HOCTI1 73 rpH./MeC., ycTaHOBJieHHyJO B KOH:Ue 1998 r.
5. ColfUa.JlbHaJl UHrjJpacmpyKmypa u ypo6eHb :J/CU3HU
OnpeiJeJteHue cmoUMocmu npoiJyKlfUU, npOU36eCJeHHOU CJoMaUJHUM X03Riicm6oM
,l0H orrpe.n:enemur CTOHMOCTH IIpOJ(yKU,HH, IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll J(OMaiiiHHM X03HHCTBOM, HaqHeM C
J(aHHhiX 0 peaJIH3all,HH IIpOJ(yKTOB C rrpeyca.n:e6Hh!X yqaCTKOB. 0KOJIO 60% J(OMaiUHHX X03HHCTB
coo6lll,HJIH o peanH3au,HH rrpo.n:yKUHH c rrpeyca.n:e6Horo )"'aCTKa; .n:oxo.n: OT rrpo.n:a:am rrpo.n:yKU,HH
3THX "TOBapHhiX" J(OMaiiiHHX X03HIIcTB B cpe.n:HeM COCTaBJIHeT 88 rpH./MeC. (35 J(OJI. CillA).
,ll;oMaiiiHHe X03HHCTBa, coo6mHBIIIHe o rrpo.n:a)J(e rrpo.n:yKUHH c rrpeyca.n:e6Horo yqacTKa, rrpo.n:aiOT
OKOJIO 50% CBOero o6neMa IIpOH3BOJ(CTBa, OCTaJihHaH qaCTh HJ(eT Ha IIOYpe6JieHHe CeMheH. I1pH
cpe.n:Hell peaJIH3aU,HH 88 rpH./X03., Mhl OIIpe.n:eJIIIJIH o6myiO CTOHMOCTh IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll IIpOJ(yKU,HH
J(JIH "ToBapHhix" .n:oMaiiiHHX xo3llilcTB B pa3Mepe 176 rpH.!Mec. (70 .n:on. ClllA), rronoBHHa H3
KOTOpOH - 3TO CTOHMOCTh IIpO.D:YKTOB C rrpHyca.n:e6HOrO yqaCTKa, KOTOphie CeMhH IIOTpe6JIHeT J(JIH
rro.n:.n:ep)J(aHIUI csoero cymecTsosaHIUI.
OcTaJihHhie 40% .n:oMaiiiHHX xo3HilcTB a Bhi6opKe He coo6mHnH o KaKoil-JIH6o peanmau,HH,
II03TOMY Mhl He MO)J(eM orrpe.n:eJIHTh CTOHMOCTh IIpOH3BeJ(eHHOll HMH npo.n:yKU,HH rrpHMhiM
CIIOC060M. AHaJIH3 J(OMaiUHHX X03HHCTB B pa3pe3e IIOKa3hiBaeT, qyo X03l!HCTBa, He 3aHHMalOlll,HeCH
peanmau,Heli, KaK npaBHJIO, MeHbiUe "TOBapHhiX" J(OMalliHHX X03HHCTB H 60JibllleH qaCThlO
peaJIH3YlQT H3JIHllleK rrpomse.n:eHHOli npo.n:yKu,HH. TaKHM o6pa30M, Mhi MO)J(eM .n:onycTHTh, qyo rrpH
J(OCTaToqHo 3aHH)J(eHHOH OU,eHKe, J(OMaiUHHe X03l!llCTBa, He peaJIH3YlOlll,He CBOIO rrpo.n:yKU,HIO,
IIpOH3BOJ(l!T B cpe.n:HeM 50% 06beMa IIpOH3BOJ(CTBa "TOsapHhiX" J(OMaiUHHX X03l!HCTB, qyo
cocTaBJIHeT 88 rpH.!Mec. (35 .n:on. ClllA) rrpH IIOJIHOM rroYpe6JieHHH 3TOro o6neMa ceMheil.
YqHThiBaH HalliH J(OIIylll,eHIUI, BCe J(OMaiiiHHe X03HHCTBa B BhJ60pKe B cpe.n:HeM IIOYpe6JIHlOT
rrpo.n:yKUHH co CBOHX rrpHyca.n:e6HhiX yqacTKOB Ha 88 rpH.!Mec. (35 .n:on. ClllA); 3yY cyMMY cne.n:yeT
IIpH6aBHTh K J(OXOJ(y CeMhH, KOTOphlH OHa IIOJiyqaeT H3 06bJqHbiX HCTOqHHKOB, BKJIIOqaH 3aprrnary,
IIeHCHH H J(eHe)J(Hhie J(OXOJ(hl.
5. 3. CeMei:UibZU ooxoo '-IGCmHbZX ifJepMepoe
43
OcHOBHbiM HCToqmfKOM .n;oxo.n;a ceMell. qacTHbiX ¢epMepoB JIBJUieTcJI
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHa5I ,[(eJITeJibHOCTb (76% CeMeHHOrO ,[(OXO.[(a) IIJIIOC ,[(OXO,[( H3 rrpoqHx, He
CB5I3aHHbiX C Hell HCTOqHifKOB, TaKHX KaK 3apiiJiaTa H IIeHCHJI (16% ). ,[(OXO,[( OT
,[(eJITeJibHOCTH X035IHCTBa BHe OCHOBHOrO CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO IIpOH3BO,[(CTBa IIO
rrpe)l<HeMy COCTaBJIJieT MeHee 1 0% 6IO,[()l(eTa CeMbH (Puc. 5.1). IJepeBO.[(bi OT
pO.[(CTBeHHHKOB 3a rpaHHU:eH 5IBJ15IIOTC5I He3HaqHTeJibHbiM ¢aKTOpOM B Bbi60pKe: JIHIIIb 5% ¢epMepoB coo6ru:aroT o po,n:cTBeHHHKax, pa6oTaiOII.J:HX 3a rpaHHU:ell.. HHKTO H3 ¢epMepoB B
Bbi60pKe He IIOJiyqaeT IIOMOII.J:H H3 :noro HCTOqHHKa. IJoqTif IIOJIOBHHa ceMeH coo6ru:aiOT 0
3a.[(ep)l(KaX B BbiiiJiaTe rreHCHH cpOKOM ,[(0 5 MeCJIU:eB.
44 YKpauHa: o63op onb1ma peopzaHU3a11UU CeJlbCKOX03RucmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu
CTpyKTypa AOXOAa ceMelll "'aCTHbJX ct>epMepoe
CenbcKOX03Ri.icTaeHHBl'l ABl'ITeilbHOCTb
76%
PMCYHOK 5.1.
Hexo3l'li1cTaeHHBl'l
ABl'ITBilbHOCTb
16%
npeAnp~H~MBTBilbCKBl'l ABl'ITBilbHOCTb
8%
ITo coo6rn:emurM pecrroH.neHTOB, .nm1 rroMep)l{amur HOpMa.JihHoro )l{H3HeHHoro ypoBH5l
HX ceMell:, HM Tpe6yeTC5l B cpe.nHeM 1 400 rpH.!Mec. mm 560 .nonnapoB ClllA. 3Ty u:mppy
cne.nyeT cpaBHHTh c pe3yiii>TaToM < 350 rpH.!Mec. rrnrr 140 .nonnapoB ClllA, rronyqeHHhiM B
rrpe.Il:hl.Il:YIUeM pa3.nene .Il:J15l peanhHOrO .Il:OXO.Il:a CeMeH aKU:HOHepoB CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX
rrpe.nrrprr5ITHH (cMOTpH Ta6mnzy 5.4).
Ou;eHKa OTBeTOB pecrroH.neHTOB .naeT .nocTaToqHo II03HTHBHYJO KapTHHY ypoBH5l )l{H3HH
ceMell: qacTHhiX cpepMepoB (Pnc. 5.2). IToqTH 60% pecrroH.neHTOB ou;eHHBaJOT CBOH
)l{H3HeHHhiH ypoBeHh KaK y.noBJieTBoprrTeiihHhiH (B CMhiCJie B03MO)l{HOCTH rro3BOIIHTh ce6e
KYIIHTh rrpO.Il:OBOJihCTBeHHhie TOBapbi, O.Il:e)l{.Il:Y H rrpoqrre rrpe.nMeThi CeMeHHOrO IIOTpe6neHH5l
IIOCJie Y.Il:OBJieTBopeHH5l CBOHX OCHOBHhiX IIOTpe6HOCTeH) HJIH .na)l{e XOpOIIIHH (B TOM
CMhiCJie, qTo ceMh5l He rrcrrhiThiBaeT HrrKaKHX MaTepHa.JihHhiX TPY.Il:HOcTell:). Ern:e 40% pecrroH.neHTOB YKa3a.JIH, qTo rrx .noxo.n .nocTaToqHhiH, qTo6bi KYIIHTh rrpo.nyKThi rrrrTaHH5l H
rrpe.nMeThi rrepBOH Heo6XO.Il:HMOCTH. nmnh TpOe peCIIOH.Il:eHTOB IIO)Ka.JIOBaJiaCb, qTO He
MO)l{eT rro3BOIIHTh KYIIHTh Bee Heo6xo.nrrMhie ceMbe rrpo.noBOIIhCTBeHHhie TOBapbi. 3TH
pe3yiii>TaThi Bepo5ITHO YKa3hiBaJOT Ha ynyqrneHHe 3KOHOMrrqecKoro rrono)l{eHH5l qacTHhiX
cpepMepOB B cpaBHeHHH C o6cJie.Il:OBaHHeM BceMHpHOrO 6aHKa 3a 1996 r., B KOTOpOM 70% pecrroH.neHTOB oxapaKTeprr30Ba.JIH ypoBeHh )l{H3HH cBorrx ceMell: KaK y.noBJieTBOpHTeJihHhiH
HJIH XOpOillHH H 30%- KaK Hey.noBJieTBOpHTeJibHbiH.
B cooTBeTCTBHH c B u:enoM rro3HTHBHOH ou;eHKOH )l{H3HeHHoro ypoBH5l, 40% pecrroH.neHTOB coo6rn:rrnrr, qTo rrocne C03.Il:aHH5l qacTHoro X035IHCTBa 3KOHOMrrqecKoe
rroJIO)KeHrre rrx ceMell: ynyqrnrrnocb rr IIHillh 12% YKa3a.JIH Ha ero yxy.nrneHrre (Pnc. 5.3). I1o.no6HhiM o6pa30M, 40% peCIIOH.Il:eHTOB O)l{H.Il:aJOT, qTO HX 3KOHOMrrqecKOe IIOJIO)KeHHe B
6y.nyrn:eM YII)"'IllHTC5l HJIH, ITO KpaHHeH Mepe, He H3MeHHTC5l H JIHillh 12% O)l{H.Il:aJOT
.Il:a.JlhHeHrnero yxy.nrneHH5l (B CYIUHOCTH, 3TO Te )l{e peCIIOH.Il:eHThi, KOTOpbie C006IIIHIIH 06
yxy.nrneHHH IIOJIO)KeHH5l HX CeMeH IIOCJie C03.Il:aHH5l qacTHOrO X035IHCTBa; TaKHM o6pa30M,
IIeCCHMHCThi rrpO.Il:OJI)KaJOT rreCCHMHCTHqecKH CMOTpeTb B 6y.nyiiiee ).
5. ColfUaJ/bHClfl umjJpacmpyKmypa u ypoeeHb :JICU3HU
04eHKa >KH3HeHHOrO ypOBH~ ceMeH '"laCTHbiX 4lepMepOB
H~>Ke npo>K~TOYHoro ~ npo>K~TOYHbli-1 M~H~MYM I
Y.QosneTsop~TenbHbli-1
Xopow~i-1
0 10 20 30 40 50
PHCYHOK 5.2.
1113MeHeHHe 3KOHOMH'"IeCKOrO nOllO>KeHH~ CeMeH B
peTpocneKTHBe ., nepcneKTHBe
YnyYwHnocb
He ~3MeH~nOCb ~EE~EEEEE~
Yxy.Qw~nocb
He onpe,Qen~ncR
0
P~rtcyHoK 5.3.
10 20 30
0 nepcneKTHBHOe
40 50
45
B u:enoM II03HTHBHM ou:eHKa ypoBH5I :>KH3HH ceMbH 6e3ycnoBHo 5IBJI5IeTc5I CBH,IJ;eTeJibCTBOM
y,IJ;oBneTBOpHTeJihHhiX pe3yJihTaToB pa6oThi xo35IHCTBa. B cooTBeTCTBHH c 3THM BhiBO,IJ;OM,
85% cpepMepoB C006II.J;HJIH 0 CBOeM HaMepeHHH BJIO:>KH:Tb HeKOTOpYJO qaCTb HHBeCTHU:HH B
ceJibCKOe X035IHCTBO B TeqeHH:e IIOCJie,IJ;y.IOII.J;HX ,IJ;Byx JieT; 60JibiiiHHCTBO peCIIOH,IJ;eHTOB B
HaCT05III.J;ee BpeM5I IIJiaHHpyeT OCyii.J;eCTBHTb 6onee O,Il;HOrO HHBeCTHI.J;HOHHOrO IIpoeKTa. K HaH6onee IIOIIYII5IpHbiM HHBeCTHU:H5IM OTHOC5ITC5I IIpH:o6peTeHH:e CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH
TeXHHKH (30%), CKOTa (25%) H IIOCeB HOBbiX MHOrOJieTHHX TpaB (20%). ITo IIpOrH03aM,
IIOTpe6HOCTb B HHBeCTHU:H5IX COCTaBJI5IeT OKOJIO } 00 TbiC. rpH. ( 40 000 ,IJ;OJIJiapoB CillA) rrpH
O:>KH,IJ;aeMOH HOpMe IIpH6biJIH 30%. bOJibiiiHHCTBO cpepMepOB IIJiaHHpyeT cpH:HaHCHpOBaTb 3TH
HHBeCTHU:HH H3 C06CTBeHHhiX c6epe)l(eHHH (55%), MeHee 25% rrpe,IJ;JiaraiOT HCIIOJib30BaTb
6aHKOBCKH:e Kpe,Il;HTbi H rrpoqH:e 3aHMbi.
6. 1Ipou3BO.LJ;CTBO u npou3BO.LJ;UTeJihHOCTh: ceJihCKOX03HHCTBennhle npe.LJ;npUHTUH u qacTHhie 4JepMephi
0CH06HOe CeJlbCKOX035tUCmeeHHOe npOU3600cmeo
CenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHbie rrpe.n:rrpH5ITH5I B YKpaHHe Bcema 6bmH rrpoH3BOLJ:HTeJI5IMH
pa3H006pa3HOH IIpOLJ:YKUHH. f1pOLJ;OJI:>Ka5I :ny TpaLJ;H:UHIO, OKOJIO 90% X035IHCTB B Bbi60pKe
C006IIIaiOT 0 CMeiiiaHHOM IIpOH3BOLJ;CTBe, BKJIIOqa5J: :>KHBOTHOBOLJ;CTBO H pacTeHHeBOLJ;CTBO, a B
HeKoTopbiX cnyqMx CaLJ:OBOLJ:CTBO H BHHorpa.n:apcTBO. HoMeHKJiaTypa rrpoH3BOLJ:HMorr
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiMH rrpeLJ;IIpH5ITH5IMH IIpOLJ:YK:UHH B 60JibiiiOH Mepe OCTaeTC5I TaKOH :>Ke,
KaK H B rrepHOLJ; LJ:O Haqana pe¢opMbi. f1pOCJie:tKHBaeTC5I rrpe.n:rroqTeHHe B IIOJib3Y
pacTeHHeBOLJ;CTBa: 6oJiee 60% BaJIOBOH IIpOLJ:YK:UHH ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX rrpeLJ;IIpH5ITHH
LJ;aeT pacTeHHeBOLJ;CTBO, B TO BpeM5I KaK LJ;OJI5I :tKHBOTHOBOLJ;CTBa COCTaBJI5IeT MeHee 40% (Puc. 6.1.).
HoMeHKJlaTypa npo,qyK~IIIIII B c/x npe,qnpiii~TIII~x 111 q>epMepcKHX
X03~MCTB3X (% OT CTOIIIMOCTIII BanOBOM npo,qyK~IIIIII)
100% ~----.-----~----------~-----,----~
C/x npe,Qnpl-IHTl'IH
PHCYHOK 6.1.
IIIH.Ql'IBl-IAYanbHble X03fi~CTB8
D )f{l'!BOTHOBO,QCTBO
IE PacTeHl'!eBOACTBO
HarrpaBJieHHe crre:UHaJIH3a:UHH qacTHhiX ¢epMepoB <PYHLJ:aMeHTaJihHO OTJIHqaeTc5I OT
KpyrrHhiX X035IHCTB. Bee qacTHbie ¢epMepbi B Bhi6opKe BbipaiiiHBaiOT pacTeHHeBo.n:qecKYIO
IIPOLJ:YK:UHIO, HO TOJibKO 30% 5IBJI5IIOTC5I IIpOH3BOLJ;HTeJI5IMH H paCTeHHeBOLJ;qecKOH H
:tKHBOTHOBOLJ;qecKOH IIpo,n:yK:UHII; OCTaJihHhie 70% CIIeiJ;IIaJIII3IIpYfOTC5I IICKJIIOqiiTeJihHO Ha
rrpOII3Bo,n:cTBe pacTeHIIeBo,n:qecKoH: rrpo,n:yK:UIIII. HoMeHKnazypa rrpoii3BO.D:HMOH rrpo,n:yK:UHH
cpe,n:Hero qacTHoro ¢epMepa B 3TOM o6cne.n:oBaHHH cocTOHT 6onee qeM Ha 90% H3
paCTeHHeBOLJ;qecKOH H Ha 10% H3 :tKHBOTHOBO,n:qeCKOH IIpOLJ:YK:UHH (Puc. 6.1.). ,I(a:>Ke Te
X035IHCTBa, KOTOpbie rrpOH3BOLJ:5IT H :tKHBOTHOBOLJ;qeCKYfO H pacTeHHeBOLJ;qeCKYfO IIpOLJ:YK:UHIO
(MeHee TpeTH Bbi60pKH), OTLJ;aiOT 3Haqi:ITeJibHOe rrpe,n:rroqTeHHe pacTeHHeBo,n:qeCKOH
IIpOLJ;YK:UHH: HOMeHKJiaTypa IIpOH3BO)J:HMOH HMH rrpo,n:yK:UHH Ha 75% COCTOHT H3 rrpo,n:yK:UHH
paCTeHHeBOLJ;CTBa H JIHIIIb Ha 25% H3 rrpOLJ:YK:UHH :tKHBOTHOBOLJ;CTBa (TafiJiu_u:a 6.1.).
OcHOBHorr rrpHqHHorr, rro KOToporr pecrroHLJ;eHThi H36eraiOT rrpoH3BO.D:HTh
:tKHBOTHOBOLJ;qecKYfO IIpOLJ:YK:UHIO, 5IBJI5IeTC5I HeLJ;OCTaToqHa5I rrpH6biJibHOCTb (40% pecrroHLJ;eHTOB). TaKHM o6pa30M rrpe.n:cTaBJI5IeTC5I, qTo qacTHhie ¢epMepbi rrpHcrroco6HJIH
HOMeHKJiaTypy IIpOH3BOLJ;HMOH HMH IIpOLJ;YK:UHH B OTBeT Ha CHrHaJibi pbiHKa B 3Haqi:ITeJibHO
6onhrnerr cTerreHH, qeM pyKoBOLI:HTeJIH KpyrrHhiX X035IHCTB. ,I(pyrHM B03MO:tKHhiM ¢aKTopoM,
.17
48 YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzmm3atJuu cenbCKOX03Rucm6eHHblX npeonpURmuu
KOHeqHo, MO)l(eT 6hiTh HeXBaTKa HaqaJihHOfO Kamnarra .IJ:JUI IIpOII3BO.IJ:CTBa
)l(JIBOTHoso.nqecKoll: rrpo.nyK:U:IIII: B TO speM5l KaK KpyrrHhie X035IHCTBa yHacne.nosarrJI
IIpOII3BO.IJ:CTBeHHyiO IIH¢pacTpyKTypy 6biBIIIIIX KOJIJieKTJIBHhiX X035IHCTB, HOBbie 'IaCTHhie
¢epMepbi JICIIhiThiBaiOT He.IJ:OCTaTOK cpe.IJ:CTB, He06XO.IJ:liMhiX .IJ:JI5l IIpii06peTeHJI5l )l(JIBOTHhiX II
rrocTpoll:KII ocHOBHhiX xo35IHCTBeHHhiX 3.IJ:aHJill:. O.nHaKo, pecrroH.neHThi He coo6maiDT o
HeXBaTKe KaiiiiTaJia KaK OCHOBHOH IIpJiqJIHe o6eCIIOKOeHHOCTJI.
Ta6mm,a 6.1. Pa3Hoo6pa3IIe II HOMeHKnaTypa rrpoii3BO.IJ:IIMOll: rrpo.nyK:U:IIII
CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiMII rrpe.nrrpii5ITJI5IMJI II JIH.IJ:IIBII.IJ:YaJihHhiMJI ¢epMepaMH
HarrpasneHHe crreU,HaJIH3aU,HH
C/x rrpeil,rrpiD!THH l1H)J,HBH)J,yaJihHhie X03HllCTBa
CMeiiiaHHaH: pacTeHHeBO)J,CTBO 90% 30%
H )!{HBOTHOBO)J,CTBO
ToJihKO pacTeHHeBO)J,CTBO 9% 70%
HoMeHKJiarypa rrpOH3BOiJ,HMOli rrpoiJ,YKU,HH
CeJihCKOX03HHCTBeHHhie Bee Xo3Hil.CTBa
npeArrpiD!THH HH}l,HBH)J,YaJihHhie CMeiiiaHHOH
X03HllCTBa cneu.nann3au.nn
PacTeHHeBO)J,CTBo 62% 91% 77%
)I{HBOTHOBO)J,CTBO 38% 9% 23%
OcHOBHhiMII KynoTypaMJI .IJ:JI5I scex cenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpoii3BO.IJ:IITenell: (II .nn5l
rrpe.nrrpii5ITJIH II .Il:JI5l JIH.IJ:IIBII.IJ:YaJihHhiX X035IHCTB) 5IBJ15IIOTC5l 3epHOBhie, IIO.IJ:COJIHeqHJIK,
caxapHa5I cseKna, KopMoBhie Kyn~>Typoi (sKniOqa5I ceHo, o.nHoneTHIIe II MHoroneTHIIe TpaBhi,
KyKypy3a Ha CJIJIOC II pa3JIJiqHhie KOpHeiiJIO.IJ:bi). I1paKTJiqeCKJI OTCYTCTByeT pa3HJI:U:a B
cTpyKType rroceBHhiX rrnoma.nell: B peopraHII30BaHHhiX, HepeopraHII30BaHHhiX
ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe.nrrpii5ITJI5IX, a TaK)l(e liH.IJ:liBII.IJ:YaJihHhiX X035IHCTBaX (T a6mn].a 6.2.). I1pii6JIII3JITeJihHO 60% IIOCeBHOH IIJIOI:u;a.IJ:II 3aCeBaeTC5l 3epHOBhiMII (B OCHOBHOM
IIIIIeHII:U:ell:) II eme 20% HaXO.IJ:liTC5l IIO.IJ: KOpMOBhiMJI KYJihTypaMII. 0BOIUII, KapTO¢enb,
BliHOrpa.n JIJIII tPPYKThi 3aHJIMaiOT oqeHh He3HaqJITeJihHYIO qacTh B03.IJ:eJihiBaeMOH 3eMnJI: 3TJI
KYJihTyphi B OCHOBHOM IIpOII3BO.IJ:5ITC5l Ha IIpiiyca.ne6HhiX yqaCTKaX, a He B KOMMepqecKJIX
X035IHCTBax.
Ta6Jiuua 6.2. CTpyKTypa rroceBHhiX rrnoma.nell: .nn5l pa3HhiX KaTeropiill: X035IHCTB ('Yo o6mell:
rrocesuoll: rrnoma.nii)
PeopraHII30BaHHhie HepeopraHH30BaH liH.IJ.HBH.IJ.YaiibHhie
X03HMCTBa Hhie X03HHCTBa X03HHCTBa
3epHOBbie 59 62 59
TirnemnJ.a 35 33 44 IlO.IJ.COJIHe'IHifK 12 14 12 CaxapHaH cseKna 6 1 6
CeHo, TpaBbi, .IJ.pyrHe KOpMOBbie
KYJihTYPhi 21 18 21 ,Il;pyme KYJihTYPhi 2 5 2
06IU,aH noceBHal! nJioiU,a.IJ.h 100 100 100
XoT5l o6I:u;a5I CTPYKTypa rroceBHhiX rrnoma.nell: 5IBJI5leTC5l O.IJ:IIHaKOBhill: .IJ:JI5l scex
IIpOII3BO.IJ:IITenell:, cyi:u;eCTByiOT pa3JIJiqJI5l B IIOp5I.IJ:Ke BeJIJiqJIH 06oeMOB IIpOII3BO.IJ:CTBa
cenhCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe.nrrpii5ITIIH II ¢epMepCKIIX X035IHCTB (Ta6JIHIJ.a 6.3. ). 3Ta
6. Jlpou3eoocmeo u npou3eooume!lbHocmb: cenbcKoxo3RucmeeHHble npeonpURmUR u 'laCmHbze 49
pa3HHIJ;a B ypo)l{ae KOHeqHo orrpe.n;emreTC5I 3HaqH:TeJihHOH pa3HHIJ;eif B pa3Mepax Me)l{.D;y
3THMH .D;BYM5I rpyrrrraMH IIpOH3BO.D;HTeJieif: IIOCeBHM IIJIOIIJ;a.D;b ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX
rrpe.n;IIpH5ITHH COCTaBJI5IeT B Cpe.n;HeM OKOJIO 2000 reKTapOB, B TO BpeM5I KaK B qaCTHbiX
X035IHCTBaX 3aCe5IHO B cpe.n;HeM MeHee 1 00 reKTapOB.
T 6 a JIH.u;a 63 06 .. ( I beMbi IIpOH3BO.D;CTBa B pa3HbiX KaTeropH5IX X035IHCTB TOHH X035IHCTBO ) PeopramnosaHHbie HepeopramnosaHHhie HH.D;HBM.D;YaJibHhie
X035IHCTBa X035IHCTBa X035IHCTBa
3epHOBbJe 2 400 2 900 I75
ITrneHMJia I 700 2 600 130
fiO)J.COJIHe'IHMK 350 850 55
CaxapHa5I cBeKJia 2 400 I 200 350
CeHo, Tpashr I 800 500 320
CpeJJ.HHH rroceBHM IIJIOIJiaJJ.b I 700 ra 2 300 ra 85 ra
PeopraHH3aiJ;H5I rroKa cyru;ecTBeHHO He IIOBJIH5IJia Ha rrpo.n;yKTHBHOCTh 3eMJIH,
IIOCKOJihKY He Ha6mo.n;aeTC5I qeTKOrO OTJIHL[H5I B ypoBHe ypo)l{aHHOCTH pa3JIHL[HbiX
KaTeropHH X035IHCTB: (peopraHH30BaHHhie H HepeopraHH30BaHHbie X035IHCTBa; rrpe.n;rrpH5ITH5I
H cpepMepcKHe X035IHCTBa). ~JI5I O.D;HHX KYJihTyp Me.D;HaHa H MO.D;a cpe.n;HeH ypo)l{aHHOCTH B
peopraHH30BaHHbiX X035IHCTBaX Bbiiiie, qeM B HepeopraHH30BaHHbiX, B TO BpeM5I KaK )J;JI5I
.n;pymx KYJihTYP CHTyau;H5I rrpoTHBOIIOJIO)KHM (Ta6Jinu;a 6.4.). Ho so scex cnyqMx pa3HHu;a
(B o60HX HarrpaBJieHH5IX) He 5IBJI5IeTC5I CTaTHCTHL[eCKH 3HaqH:MOH, H TaKHM o6pa30M
rrpe.D;IIOJIO)KeHHe 0 TOM, L[TO peopraHH30BaHHbie X035IHCTBa HCIIOJib3YIOT CBOIO 3eMJIIO 6onee
rrpo.n;yKTHBHO, qeM HepeopraHH30BaHHbie, He rro.n;Tsep)l{.n;aeTc5I. E.n;HHCTBeHHhiM
HCKJIIOL[eHH:eM 5IBJI5IeTC5I IIO.D;COJIHeqHHK, ITO KOTOpOMY HepeopraHH30BaHHhie X035IHCTBa
IIOJiyqaiOT 60JibiiiHe ypO)l{aH, a pa3HHIJ;a 5IBJI5IeTC5I CTaTHCTH:qeCKH 3HaqHMOH, HO B
«OIIIH6oqHOM» HarrpaBJieHHH.
Ta6Jinu;a 6.4. ITpo.n;yKTHBHOCTh B X035IHCTBax pa3HhiX KaTeroprrH: (Krlra pacTeHrreso.n;qecKoH:
I I ) rrpo.n;yKIJ;HH; Kr KOpOBY fO.D; )J;JI5I MOJIOKa
Cpeil,H5IR Me)l,HaHa
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