WLAN Topic 4 The IEEE802.11 Standards for LAN and MAN

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Topic 4 The IEEE 802.11 Standards for

LAN and MAN 2 hours

Key Concepts

Local Area Network

• IEEE 802 LAN – a peer to peer communication network that enable stations to communicate directly on a point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint, basis without any intermediate switching nodes

• LAN communication takes places at moderate-to-high data rates with delays on the order of a few msec

• A LAN is generally owned, used and operated by a single organisation

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Key Concepts

Metropolitan Area Network

• A MAN is for a larger geographical area than a LAN, from several blocks of buildings to entire cities

• MANs can also depend on communications channels of moderate-to-high data rates

• A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations

Key Concepts

Metropolitan Area Network

• MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities

• They will often provide means for internetworking of local networks

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Key Concepts

Packet-Based Communications

• The basic communications capabilities provided by all LANs and MANs are packet-based, as opposed to either cell-based or isochronous

• The basic unit of transmission is a sequence of data octets, which can be of any length within a range that is dependent on the type of LAN; for all LAN types

• The maximum length is in excess of 1000 octets

Overview of IEEE 802

• IEEE 802 – LAN/MAN Standards Committee (known as IEEE 802 or LMSC)

• IEEE 802 develops LAN, MAN standards for the physical and data link layers of the ISO Reference Model

• In operation since March 1980

I

OSI Reference

Model

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Medium

IEEE

802

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IEEE Standards

Organization

IEEE 802 is here:

a standards committee

formed by the

Computer Society

aka NesCom aka RevCom


Standards Activities Board

IEEE Standards Association

802.3

CSMA/CD

Ethernet

802.5

Token

Passing

Ring

802.11

Wireless

WLAN

802.15

Wireless

Personal

Area

Networks

802.20

Mobile

Broadband

Wireless

Access

802.19

Co-existence

TAG

Sponsor

IEEE 802

Local and Metropolitan Area Networks

(LMSC)

Sponsor Sponsor Sponsor

802.17

Resilient

Packet

Ring

802.18

Radio

Regulatory

TAG

802.16

Broadband

Wireless

Broadband

Access

802.21

Media

Independent

Handoff

802.1

Higher

Layer

LAN

Protocols

802.22

Wireless

Regional

Area

Networks

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• 802.1 Bridging and Architecture – generally the top of the link layer

• 802.3 Ethernet

• 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN)

• 802.15 – Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

• 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)

• 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG (Technical Advisory Group)


• 802.19 Coexistence

• 802.21 Media Independent Handover

• 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN)

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The IEEE 802.1

• The IEEE 802.1 WG develops standards and recommended practices in the following areas: 802 LAN/MAN architecture, internetworking among 802 LANs, MANs and other wide area networks, 802 Security, 802 overall network management, and protocol layers above the MAC & LLC layers

• The 802.1 working group has four active task groups: Interworking, Security, Audio/Video Bridging and Data Center Bridging

The IEEE 802.3

• The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet WG develops standards for Ethernet based LANs

• IEEE 802.3 defines the physical layers (PHY) and data link layer’s (LLC) media access control (MAC) of the Ethernet

• It supports the IEEE 802.1 network architecture and defines the access method using CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access, collision detection)

• The current activity is the call-for-interest for a 400 Gbps Ethernet

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The IEEE 802.11

• IEEE P802.11 WLAN is a standards WG on wireless local area networks

• The working group is a part of IEEE LMSC (LAN/MAN Standards Committee) formerly called IEEE Project 802

• IEEE LMSC reports to the Standards Activity Board (SAB) of the IEEE Computer Society

The IEEE 802.15

• The 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) focuses on the development of standards for Wireless Personal Area Networks or short distance wireless networks

• It addresses the wireless networking of portable and mobile computing devices such as PCs, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), peripherals, cell phones, pagers, sensors, and consumer electronics; allowing these devices to communicate and interoperate with one another

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The IEEE 802.16

• The IEEE 802.16 WG on Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Standards develops standards and recommended practices to support the development and deployment of broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)

• The IEEE 802.16 family of standards is known WirelessMAN and is commercialized under

the name of WiMAX

The IEEE 802.18

• The IEEE 802.18 Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group ("RR-TAG") supports the work of the IEEE 802 LMSC, IEEE 802.11 (WLAN), IEEE 802.15 (WPAN), IEEE 802.16 (WMAN), IEEE 802.20 (Wireless Mobility), IEEE 802.21 (Handoff/Interoperability Between Networks), and IEEE 802.22 (WRAN) by actively monitoring and participating in radio regulatory matters worldwide as an advocate for IEEE 802

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The IEEE 802.19

• IEEE 802.19 Wireless Coexistence WG develops standards for coexistence between wireless standards of unlicensed devices

• It also reviews coexistence assurance (CA) documents produced by working groups developing new wireless standards for unlicensed devices

The IEEE 802.21

• The IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover Services WG develops standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network types including both 802 and non 802 networks

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The IEEE 802.22

• The IEEE 802.22, the WG on Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN), develops a standard for a cognitive radio-based PHY/MAC/air-interface for use by license-exempt devices on a non-interfering basis in spectrum that is allocated to the TV Broadcast Service

The IEEE 802.24

• The IEEE 802.24 Smart Grid TAG acts as a liaison and point of contact with regulatory agencies, industry organizations, other SDOs, government agencies, IEEE societies, etc., for questions regarding the use of 802 standards in Smart Grid applications

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The Evolution of IEEE 802.11 Standards

• Feb 14, 1876: Bell files telephone patent • June 1897: Marconi work- “Signaling through

Space without Wires” • 1970: ALOHAnet operational (Abramson, 9600

baud) • 1976: Metcalf & Boggs: “Ethernet: Distributed

Packet-Switching for Local Computer Networks”

• 1980: Project 802 formed (1 Mbps initially, revised to 20 Mbps 1982) (Feb 1980 , 125+ attendees)

• 1980: Ethernet Bluebook published (September , Digital. Intel, Xerox)


• 1981: FCC issues NOI for unlicensed spectrum • 1983: First version of 802.3 10Base5 spec

completed • 1985: FCC opens ISM Band- spread spectrum

allowed • 1985: First version of 802.3 published (10

Mbps) • 1987: Project 802.4L – Wireless Token Bus

begins • 1990: IEEE 802 drops 802.4L starts 802.11

project

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• 1990: 802.3 10BASE-T (802.3i) released

• 1997: IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11a standards approved (2.4GHz – 1Mbps)

• 1999: Apple IBook introduced with integrated 802.11 (AirPort)

• 2003: IEEE 802.11g standard approved • 2009: IEEE 802.11n standard approved • 2012: IEEE 802.11ad standard approved

The IEEE 802.11 Activities

• WG – comprises of all the Standing Committees (SC), Task Groups (TG), Study Groups (SG) and Ad-Hoc Groups, responsible for developing standards

• TG – tasked by WG as the author of standards and subsequent amendments, focuses on a particular project or topic

• TAG – Technical Advisory Group, experts on a topic area from various WGs and may recommend practices

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• SC – Standing Committee is charged with a determined role or task but does not modify the IEEE 802.11 standard

• SG – Study Group are set up to carry out research on possible amendments and the results are recorded on PAR

• PAR – Project Authorization Request, a document that authorize and documents work on a project


• TGm – provides maintenance of the IEEE 802.11 by rolling out amendments

• TGac – enhancements to the 802.11 MAC and PHY to support high throughput (500 – 1000 Mbps) in the 5 GHz bands

• TGad – modifications to 802.11 MAC and PHY to enable operation in the 60 GHz (57 – 66 GHz) bands with throughput more than 1 Gbps

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• TGaf – modifications to 802.11 MAC and PHY to enable operation meet the legal requirements for channel access and coexistence in the TV white space (TV white space = frequencies allocated to broadcasting but not yet used, IEEE 802.22)

• TGah – defines operation in the sub-1 GHz frequencies

• TGai – amendments to support fast link setup by reducing set up time of an association


• TGaj – supports very high throughput in the China mm-wave bands

• TGak – supports general links such as bridging 802.1 mechanism across the 802.11 links

• TGaq – supports pre-association discovery which relates to problem of how a mobile station discovers the availability of services within a network to which the access point is connected

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• PUB SC – provides advices to WG on all matters related to publicity such as press releases and liaisons

• WNG SC – works on the wireless next generation to provide ideas and concepts for 802.11 peer reviews

• ARC SC – the architecture SC discovers, analyze, codifies and promote a common platform across the 802.11 architecture, and works with other 802 groups on architectural issues

Future Project Directions

• Improved security

• Lower power consumption

• Longer range

• Better spectral efficiency

• Dynamic spectrum sharing

• Geolocation

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Articles on 802.11

• IEEE Wireless Communications

• IEEE Network

• IEEE Communications Magazine

• IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

• IEEE Spectrum

• Proceedings of the IEEE

• IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing

IEEE 802.11 Resources

• IEEE 802 home page:

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11

• IEEE 802.11 Documents

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/documents

• IEEE 802 procedural documents:

http://www.ieee802.org/devdocs.shtml

• Links to IEEE 802 WG and TAG pages:

http://www.ieee802.org/dots.shtml

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IEEE 802.11 Resources

• On-line training:

http://www.ieee802.org/training.shtml

• Timelines & Project History

http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm

• Engineering articles: search > 3.4 million items

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp

Search for “802.11” returns 8000 hits

• IEEE Get Program (IEEE SA)

http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/

http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.11.html

WLAN Topic 4 The IEEE802.11 Standards for LAN and MAN

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