Each emotion shape is composed of 2-period changes

between Time 1 to 2 and Time 2 to 3. There is also a 3-

period change between Times 1, 2, and 3. These changes

can be calculated for data from individuals or groups.

INTENSITY Concave arc High

Med. T1 to T2 T2 to T3

net loss net gain

Low

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3

INTENSITY Convex arc High

Med. T1 to T2 T2 to T3

net gain net loss

Low

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3

INTENSITY Upward incline High

T2 to T3

net gain

Med.

T1 to T2

net gain

Low

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Not at all Very weak Weak Moderate Strong Very

Strong

Confusion Baseline Confusion During-event

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Not at all Very weak Weak Moderate Strong Very

Strong

Courage Baseline Courage During-event

! ! !

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Not at all Very weak Weak Moderate Strong Very

Strong

Fear Baseline Fear Post-event

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Not at all Very weak Weak Moderate Strong Very

Strong

Hope Baseline Hope During-event

! !

)