Wave Energy Extraction Analysis

Coordinated Offshore Energy Extraction, Floating Wind Turbines and Bridges Wave Energy Extraction - Calculation

http://www.renewableenergypumps.com of 23

The following is an analysis of Offshore Energy Extraction Systems, (COEE&FB) with detailed calculation of Wave Energy Extraction for selected float dimensions as needed.

For further details refer to: http://www.renewableenergypumps.com

Available Energy Extraction Systems “There are floats, flaps, ramps, funnels, cylinders, air-bags and liquid pistons. Devices can be at the surface, the sea bed or anywhere between. They can face backwards, forwards, sideways or obliquely and move in heave, surge, sway, pitch and roll. They can use oil, air, water, steam, gearing or electro-magnetics for (electric power) generation. They make a range of different demands on attachments to the sea bed and connections of power cables. They have a range of methods to survive extreme conditions but perhaps not quite enough.

The inventors, myself included, invariably claim at first that they are simple and, after experience with the dreadful friction of reality, invariably discover that this is not totally true when they come to test in the correct wave spectra with a Gaussian distribution of wave amplitudes.”

As so often in physics and engineering, a full understanding of all the energy flows leads to a full understanding of the problem and points to suitable solutions.

Many inventors of wave power devices, going back to Girard pere et fils in 1799.”

By Stephen Salter, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, Scotland. [email protected].

Abstract of the (COEE&FB) system The wave gear drive, (WGD) system is a new method for converting wave energy from the front and lee sides of the wave using a buoyant float following wave undulations, developing a vertical uplift, that acts on a pull reversing pulley located below the wave trough line and a power pulley located at the dry deck of a (floating construction unit) to directly convert the float up and down movement to rotary motion and drive a water pump to lift a small quantity of water to a much higher head, collect it through a closed circuit piping system and feed it to a hydro turbo generator to generate electric power, step it up and transmit it to the shore line.

The (WGD) system uses a (floating construction unit) supported by suitable floats, moored and anchored to the seabed supports and provides a dry closed space to house the water pumps, the hydro-turbo generator and associated equipment.

A hydro turbine with suitable shrouds installed below the wave trough line, extracts the wave lee side energy from the downward flow of water during the lee side of the wave cycle, and extracts energy from the ebb/tide energy.

The roof of the (floating construction unit) provides dry support for a solar system.

Adding fixed floats at the bottom of the (floating construction unit) and arranging the (floating construction units) in a stepped configuration, makes it suitable as a floating wind turbine support, thus having a coordinated wave, tidal, solar and wind energy extraction system.

Further reinforcing the (floating construction units) with additional fixed floats would make the system suitable for a covered floating offshore bridge.

System Information A schematic overview of the (COEE&FB) system is shown by Figure–1., Sheet-5.

Depending on sea and wind states the (COEE&FB) system can provide energy in excess of 40 kw per one meter of sea front; that is a minimum of 34,700 kw-hours per year per one meter of sea front, excluding tidal, solar and wind energy, with a breakeven point at 7 to 10 years.

It is worth comparing the (COEE&FB) system with other existing systems, especially wave energy extraction systems, where the following advantages stand out:

a. The (FCU) system extracts wave energy from the front and lee side of the wave.

b. The total net electric power efficiency fed into the electric utility network is 30% of incoming wave energy.

c. 92% of the wave energy extracted is for waves between 1.5 and 4 meters, and 68% for waves between 1 and 2 meters high, out of a wave height ranging between 0.5 and 8 meters.

http://www.renewableenergypumps.com/

mailto:[email protected]



d. The “Floating Construction Unit” (FCU) is the building block for the (COEE&FB) system. It measures 18.75 meters wave front, 28.5 meters long and 16 meters deep excluding the fixed floats.

e. The (FCU) is of modular construction, completely assembled with all equipment at the shoreline, floated and installed at location ready for operation

f. The system uses materials and equipment available on the market with proven quality and performance.

g. The system contributes to providing support for the solar, tidal and wind energy extraction systems, thus reducing costs.

Using the Program

1. Detailed shop drawings and bill of quantities for fabricating, assembling and installing a scaled prototype with a 0.10 m radius and 0.20 m height, Sheets 15 to 22.

2. Plan view is also provided for a (FCU) with a 0.75 m fixed radius and 1.50 m height. The shop drawings for this fixed type float and for other variable type float can be easily developed, using the system elevation, Sheet 23.

Three (3) sets of detailed calculations are provided as shown below:

1. Prototype with a float radius of 0.10 m and a height of 0.20 m, Sheets 6, 7, 8.

2. Fixed type float with a radius of 0.75 m and a height of 1.50 m, developing an uplift of 2.6501 tons per float; Sheets 9, 10, 11.

3. Variable type float with a radius of 1.00, 2.10, 1.21, 1.32 and heights of 0.80, 0.70, 0.58,and 0.48 respectively for pumps P1, P2, P3, P4 to keep a constant uplift of 2.6501 tons per float; Sheets 12, 13, 14.

4. The system variables are: float radius, height and material specific gravity, mean sea level, wave height, wave period, and plot steps.

The power output is automatically calculated between -90 and +90 degrees of the wave cycle, in steps of 9 degrees, and extrapolated as an average over a complete wave cycle from -90 to 180 degrees.

System variable data is manually added only where shown with yellow background. The program would automatically provide system outputs as shown.

The program formulae are locked for inadvertent entry of data.

The program is provided in .pdf format. The program formulae can be easily developed, however, an Excel presentation would be provided upon request.

Recommendations for Prototype and Full Scale Model

a. A few years ago, I had reviewed an article by a group of university professors describing wave energy extraction systems using a one meter test tank with complex electronics.to find energy extraction. The following treatise would prove the futility of such prototypes and test tanks.

b. To give a true and factual idea of the performance of the (FCU) system, we are still with the idea of testing a full scale model at the actual site.

The following are the findings and recommendations.

a. The smallest float radius size cannot be less than 0.10 meters to function properly. This dictates the prototype dimensions as shown; Sheets 15 to 22.

b. This float radius results in a Prototypes model measuring 250x165x300 centimeters LxWxDeep, weighing 228 Kg.

c. Installing a float measuring 0.10 meters radius 0.20 m high would develop a gross uplift force of 0.7854 Kg. Taking into consideration the weights of the float, the pull line, the friction and hydraulic losses would result in very low power extraction efficiency. Extrapolation of data to a full scale model would result in erroneous results.

d. Detailed calculation is provided for a prototype with 0.10 m fixed radius float; Sheets 6, 7, 8.

e. Detailed calculation is provided for a full scale model with 0.5 m fixed radius float, Sheets 9, 10, 11. .

f. Detailed calculation is provided for a full scale model with 1.00 m variable radius float, Sheets 12, 13, 14.



g. It is recommended to provide a full scale model with 5-sets, each with 4-pumps and/or VSG generators at the actual site of the project with full data acquisition for; solar, wind, ebb/tide and ambient states for a whole year.

h. A comparison of the prototype, the fixed and variable float models are shown in Table-1, Sheet 4.

Funding and Results Federal, Public Agencies and Utilities had done more than their share in subcontracting consultants to devise an efficient method for Marine Energy Extraction to the extent of pilfering large funds to consultants and developers. No efficient system had been devised yet in spite of these efforts.

There seems to be a normal tendency by renewable energy developers to exclude new ideas, without consideration of better ideas that lead to improving the renewable energy extraction systems. For example proposing wind turbines above 6 MW capacities would exclude small manufacturers.

The intention of this analysis is to get feedback to improve marine energy extraction systems, cooperate with developers and public entities to test and execute the (COEE&FB) system.

(COEE&FB) System Findings and Recommendations The renewable energy wave pumps had been developed and patented as of 2004. Since then continuous improvements had been made culminating in the present system.

The decision to publish and make this information public is to get feedback and come up with a viable system. Lot of universities and developers are spending funds and efforts to analyze wave energy extraction.

It is requested that if anyone feels that he had previously devised a similar system, or this system infringes on any patent, is kindly requested to voice his opinion and ideas.



TABLE – 1 A comparison of the prototype, the fixed and variable float models

Float Type

Wave

Height

m

Wave

Power

KW

Average

Power

Extr'd

KW

Extraction

Effic'y %

Total

Efficiency

, Per 360

Deg. %

Net

Power

Gen'd,

Per 360

Deg, KW

Duration

Hours/Year

Output per

Year, Per 1-

Set of 4

Pumps KWH

Output per

Year, Per 10-

Sets of 4

Pumps KWH

Prototype, Fixed 0.1 m Radius. 8.0 57.60



Prototype, Fixed 0.1 m Radius. 2.0 3.60 0.18 5.10 1.57 0.06





Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 8.0 432 219.11 50.72 15.66 67.65 2.60 176 1,759

Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 6.0 243 135.90 55.92 17.27 41.96 27.40 1,150 11,496

Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 4.0 108 61.85 57.27 17.68 19.10 619.50 11,831 118,309

Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 2.0 27 6.90 25.55 7.89 2.13 3,494.20 7,444 74,436

Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 1.5 15 0.05 0.33 0.10 0.02 2,271.23 36 357

Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 1.0 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,345.80 0 0

Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 0.8 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.60 0 0

Full Scale, Fixed 0.75 m Radius. 0.5 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.6 0 0

Totals 8,765.93 20,636 206,357

Full Scale, Variable 1.00 m Radius. 8.0 576 262.56 45.58 14.07 81.07 2.60 211 2,108

Full Scale, Variable 1.00 m Radius. 6.0 324 179.25 55.33 17.08 55.34 27.40 1,516 15,164

Full Scale, Variable 1.00 m Radius. 4.0 144 98.82 68.62 21.19 30.51 619.50 18,901 189,013

Full Scale, Variable 1.00 m Radius. 2.0 36 28.36 78.77 24.32 8.76 3,494.20 30,593 305,927



Full Scale, Variable 1.00 m Radius. 0.8 5 1.15 22.64 6.99 0.35 2.60 1 9

Full Scale, Variable 1.00 m Radius. 0.5 2 0 0 0 0% 2.6 0 0

Totals 8,765.93 65,064 650,636



SCHEMATIC VIEW OF COEE&FB SYSTEM

Roof & PV Cells15.00

Road Road To Network10.00

H. TurbineGenerator

Water Pump

Dry Deck 6.00Wave Crest 4.00

Make UpWater

MSL 0.00

Wave Trough4.00

- 6.00Reversing P.Center Line

Wave Lee Side & Tidal Turbine

CLOSED CIRCUIT WATER FLOW



Detailed Calculation Sheets

PROTOYPE - 0.10 m Fixed Radius Float

Mean Sea Level 0.000 0.10 0.550

Wave Height@P1 0.500 0.10 0.001

Wave Height@P2 0.492 0.10

Wave Height@P3 0.485 0.10

Wave Height@P4 0.480

Wave Ampl@P1 0.250 0.10

Wave Ampl@P2 0.246 0.10 1.620

Wave Ampl@P3 0.243 0.10 FG Weight - Kg

Wave Ampl@P4 0.240 0.10

Float Bottom Lowest Level@P1 -0.26 0.20




Float Top Lowest Level@P1 -0.07 0.03



Float Top Lowest Level@P4 -0.06 0.03 5.100

????

Ebb/Tide +/- m 0.00

Wave Lenth 120.0

Wave Period 9.00

Plot Start Degrees -90.0

Seconds for Wave Travel P1-P2 0.23

Plot Start - Sec -2.25 Float Immersion-m

Plot Step Degrees 9.00 Excess Uplift T. Float Imm'n P1 0.010

Float Imm'n P2 0.010

Plot Step Seconfs, Or 3 m 0.23 Pow er Pulley C.L 0.55 Float Imm'n P3 0.010

Wave Power-KW per 1-m Front 1.1 Reverse P. Pulley C.L.-0.45 Float Imm'n P4 0.010

Wave Power KW/ Float Diam 0.2

Float-2 Height

Float-1 Volm m^3

Float-1 Area m^2

System Weight Tons

System Weight P1, Tons

Float-4 Area m^2

Uplift Float-3 Tons

Float-2 Volm m^3

0.006283

0.006283

FG Weight Pump T.

Pull Line Length m

Float-2 Area m^2

Float-3 Area m^2

0.001257

Float-4 Volm m^3 System Weight P3, Tons

System Weight P4, Tons

0.006283

0.000304

0.006283

0.006283

0.000188

0.000188

0.000188

FG Volume Float-2, m^3



0.000304

Float-3 I. Radious

Float-4 I. Radious

Float-1 Height

0.006283

0.006283Uplift Float-4 Tons

0.000304

Uplift Float-1 Tons

0.000304

0.000304

0.000304

0.000188

FG Density gm/cm^3

FG Weight Float-1, Tons




Uplift Float-2 Tons

0.000304

0.000304

Pump C.L. m

Working Head Tons

Gross Max Uplift T. 0.00628

0.00503

Float-2 I. Radious

Float-3 Height

Float-4 Height

Float-1 O. Radious m




Float-1 I. Radious

0.006283

System Weight P2, TonsFloat-3 Volm m^3


FG Thickness m

`Roof & PV Cells

Road Road To Network

H. Turbine

Generator

Water Pump

120Dry Deck

100Wave Crest

MakeupWater

0.00MSL

-100Wave Trough

-120Reversing P.Center Line





PROTOTYPE

Plot & Degrees -90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0 90.0 99.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0 90.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0

Sign of Degrees Plot -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Wave Top Y=$B$3+$B$8*B37 - m-0.25 -0.25 -0.24 -0.22 -0.20 -0.18 -0.15 -0.11 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25

-0.25 -0.24 -0.23 -0.22 -0.20 -0.17 -0.14 -0.11 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25

-0.24 -0.24 -0.23 -0.22 -0.20 -0.17 -0.14 -0.11 -0.07 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.24

-0.24 -0.24 -0.23 -0.21 -0.19 -0.17 -0.14 -0.11 -0.07 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23

Float Immersion @ P1 m 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Float Immersion @ P2 m 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Float Immersion @ P3 m 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20


Float Movment @ P1 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32

Float Movment @ P2 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.31

Float Movment @ P3 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.30

Float Movment @ P4 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.29

Power Extracted @ P1 Ton-m 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Average/Detailed P. Extr'd,

[email protected] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Residual Power t0 P2 KW 0.22

Residual Head to P2 m 0.492

Power Extracted @ P2 Ton-m 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


[email protected] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Residual Power to P3 KW 0.21


Power Extracted @ P3 Ton-m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


[email protected] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02





PROTOTYPE



[email protected] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02



Detailed Power

Power Extracted @ P1 KW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Power Extracted@ P3 KW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Sum Pow er Extr'd, @ P1 - P4, KW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Average Pow er Extr'd, @ P1-P4, KW 0.0

DESCRIPTION Wave

Pwr

Extr'

n Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 8m Wave KW

Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 6m Wave KW


Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 2m Wave KW 3.6 0.183 5.1 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.29 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.44

Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 1.5m Wave KW2.0 0.129 6.4 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32




DESCRIPTION Wave

Pwr

KW

Extr'

n

Effic'

y %




Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 2m Wave KW 3.6 0.183 5.1 0.1 0.06 1.6

Power Extr'd, P1, - P4, 1.5m Wave KW2.0 0.129 6.4 0.1 0.04 2.0


Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 0.75m Wave KW0.5 0.049 9.7 0.0 0.02 3.0

Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 0.5m Wave KW0.2 0.024 10.7 0.0 0.01 3.365.0% 2.6 0 0

65.0% 2,345.8 55 546

65.0% 2.6 0 0

65.0% 3,494.2 198 1,979

65.0% 2,271.2 91 905

Duration

Hours/Year

Output per

Year, Per

Set of 4

Pumps

KWH

Output per

Year, Per 10

Set of 4

Pumps

KWH

Total Losses,

Hydraulic &

Generator 35%

Average

Pwr

Extracted

KW

Net

Power

Gen'd,

Per 171

Net

Power

Gen'd,

Per 360

Total

Efficiency,

Per 360

Deg. %

Average

Pwr Extd



FULL SCALE-0.75 m Fixed Radious Float

Mean Sea Level 0.0 Float-1 O. Radious m0.75 Pump C.L. m 1.05

Wave Height@P1 1.5 Float-2 O. Radious m0.75 FG Thickness m 0.00

Wave Height@P2 1.5 Float-3 O. Radious m0.75 FG Volume Float-1, m 3̂


Wave Height@P4 1.5 FG Volume Float-3, m 3̂

Wave Ampl@P1 0.8 Float-1 I. Radious 0.75 FG Volume Float-4, m 3̂

Wave Ampl@P2 0.7 Float-2 I. Radious 0.75 FG Density gm/cm 3̂1.62

Wave Ampl@P3 0.7 Float-3 I. Radious 0.75 FG Weight - Kg

Wave Ampl@P4 0.7 Float-4 I. Radious 0.75 FG Weight Float-1, Tons


Float Bottom Lowest Level@P1 -0.8 Float-1 Height 1.50 FG Weight Float-3, Tons

Float Bottom Lowest Level@P2 -0.8 Float-2 Height 1.50 FG Weight Float-4, Tons

Float Bottom Lowest Level@P3 -0.8 Float-3 Height 1.50

Float Bottom Lowest Level@P4 -0.8 Float-4 Height 1.50 Uplift Float-1 Tons 2.65

Uplift Float-2 Tons 2.65

Float Top Lowest Level@P1 0.7 Float-1 Area m 2̂ 1.77 Uplift Float-3 Tons 2.65


Float Top Lowest Level@P3 0.7 Float-3 Area m 2̂ 1.77

Float Top Lowest Level@P4 0.7 Float-4 Area m 2̂ 1.77 Pull Line Length m 5.10

FG Weight Pump T.????

Ebb/Tide +/- m 0.0 Float-1 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight Tons

Wave Lenth 120.0 Float-2 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight P1, Tons

Wave Period 9.0 Float-3 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight P2, Tons

Float-4 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight P3, Tons

Plot Start Degrees -90.0 System Weight P4, Tons

Seconds for Wave Travel P1-P2 0.2 Gross Max Uplift T.2.65

Plot Start - Sec -2.3 Working Head Tons2.12 FloatFixed Immersion-m

Plot Step Degrees 9.0 Excess Uplift T. 0.53 Float Imm'n P1 0.01

Float Imm'n P2 0.01

Plot Step Seconfs, Or 3 m 0.2 Power Pulley C.L 1.05 Float Imm'n P3 0.01


Wave Power KW/ Float Diam 15

0.010598

0.010598

0.010598

0.010598

0.017169

0.017169

0.017169

0.017169

0.017169

0.017169

0.017169

0.017169



H. TurbineGenerator

Water Pump


Make UpWater

MSL 0.00

Wave Trough4.00






Plot & Degrees -90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0 90.0 99.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0 90.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0


-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Wave Top Y=$B$3+$B$8*B37 - m -0.8 -0.74 -0.71 -0.67 -0.61 -0.53 -0.44 -0.34 -0.23 -0.12 0.00 0.12 0.23 0.34 0.44 0.53 0.61 0.67 0.71 0.74 0.75 0.74

-0.75 -0.74 -0.71 -0.67 -0.61 -0.53 -0.44 -0.34 -0.23 -0.12 0.00 0.12 0.23 0.34 0.44 0.53 0.61 0.67 0.71 0.74 0.75

-0.75 -0.74 -0.71 -0.67 -0.61 -0.53 -0.44 -0.34 -0.23 -0.12 0.00 0.12 0.23 0.34 0.44 0.53 0.61 0.67 0.71 0.74

-0.75 -0.74 -0.71 -0.67 -0.61 -0.53 -0.44 -0.34 -0.23 -0.12 0.00 0.12 0.23 0.34 0.44 0.53 0.61 0.67 0.71





Float Movment @ P1 m 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01

Float Movment @ P2 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02

Float Movment @ P3 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

Float Movment @ P4 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Average/Detailed P. Extr'd, KW@P1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3












Average/Detailed P. Extr'd, [email protected] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00





Detailed Power

Extracted KW







DESCRIPTION Wave

Pwr

KW

Extr'

n

Effic'









DESCRIPTION Wave

Pwr

KW

Extr'

n

Effic'

y %









Average

Pwr Extd

KW

"Floating Construction Unit" contains 10 sets of 4-water pumps, in a foot print area of 18.75x28.50

meters

Total

Efficiency,

Per 360

Deg. %

Net

Power

Gen'd,

Per 360

Deg, KW

Net

Power

Gen'd,

Per 171

Deg, KW

Average

Pwr

Extracted

KW

Total Losses,

Hydraulic &

Generator 35%

65.0%

65.0%

65.0%

65.0%

65.0%

65.0%

65.0%

65.0%

0

Duration

Hours/Year

2.6

27.4

619.5

3,494.2

2,271.2

2,345.8

2.6

2.6

Output per

Year, Per

Set of 4

Pumps

KWH 176

1,150

11,831

20,6368,765.9

Output per

Year, Per 10

Set of 4

Pumps

KWH

1,759

11,496

118,309

74,436

357

0

0

0

206,357

7,444

36

0

0



FULL SCALE-1.00 m Variable Radius Float

Mean Sea Level 0.000 Float-1 O. Radious m1.00 Pump C.L. m 0.55

Wave Height@P1 0.500 Float-2 O. Radious m1.10 FG Thickness m 0.00



Wave Height@P4 0.455 FG Volume Float-3, m 3̂

Wave Ampl@P1 0.250 Float-1 I. Radious 1.00 FG Volume Float-4, m 3̂

Wave Ampl@P2 0.250 Float-2 I. Radious 1.10 FG Density gm/cm 3̂1.62

Wave Ampl@P3 0.238 Float-3 I. Radious 1.21 FG Weight - Kg

Wave Ampl@P4 0.227 Float-4 I. Radious 1.33 FG Weight Float-1, Tons


Float Botm Lowest Level@P1 -0.26 Float-1 Height 0.84 FG Weight Float-3, Tons

Float Botm Lowest Level@P2 -0.26 Float-2 Height 0.70 FG Weight Float-4, Tons

Float Botm Lowest Level@P3 -0.24 Float-3 Height 0.58

Float Botm Lowest Level@P4 -0.23 Float-4 Height 0.48 Uplift Float-1 Tons 2.65

Uplift Float-2 Tons 2.65



Float Top Lowest Level@P3 0.33 Float-3 Area m 2̂ 4.60

Float Top Lowest Level@P4 0.24 Float-4 Area m 2̂ 5.57 Pull Line Length m 5.10

FG Weight Pump T.????

Ebb/Tide +/- m 0.00 Float-1 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight Tons

Wave Lenth 120.0 Float-2 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight P1, Tons

Wave Period 9.00 Float-3 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight P2, Tons

Float-4 Volm m 3̂ 2.65 System Weight P3, Tons

Plot Start Degrees -90.0 System Weight P4, Tons

Seconds for Wave Travel P1-P2 0.23 Gross Max Uplift T.2.65

Plot Start - Sec -2.25 Working Head Tons2.12 Float Immersion-m

Plot Step Degrees 9.00 Excess Uplift T. 0.53 Float Imm'n P1 0.01

Float Imm'n P2 0.01

Plot Step Seconfs, Or 3 m 0.23 Power Pulley C.L 0.55 Float Imm'n P3 0.00


Wave Power KW/ Float Diam 2.3

0.011583

0.018764

0.018764

0.024483

0.020121

0.021998

0.024483

0.012420

0.013579

0.015113

0.020121

0.021998



H. TurbineGenerator

Water Pump


Make UpWater

MSL 0.00

Wave Trough4.00






Plot & Degrees -90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0 90.0 99.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0 90.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 81.0

-90.0 -81.0 -72.0 -63.0 -54.0 -45.0 -36.0 -27.0 -18.0 -9.0 0.0 9.0 18.0 27.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0


-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Wave Top Y=$B$3+$B$8*B37 - m-0.25 -0.25 -0.24 -0.22 -0.20 -0.18 -0.15 -0.11 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25

-0.25 -0.25 -0.24 -0.22 -0.20 -0.18 -0.15 -0.11 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.25

-0.24 -0.24 -0.23 -0.21 -0.19 -0.17 -0.14 -0.11 -0.07 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.24

-0.23 -0.22 -0.22 -0.20 -0.18 -0.16 -0.13 -0.10 -0.07 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22





Float Movment @ P1 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Float Movment @ P2 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Float Movment @ P3 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Float Movment @ P4 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Power Extracted @ P1 Ton-m 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


















Detailed Power







DESCRIPTION Wave

Pwr

Extr'

n Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 8m Wave KW576.0 262.6 45.6 0.0 1.2 12.8 33.6 63.7 98.7 136.0 174.6 213.5 251.7 288.5 322.8 353.7 380.7 402.8 419.8 431.0 436.2

Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 6m Wave KW324.0 179.3 55.3 0.0 1.2 12.8 33.6 63.7 98.7 136.0 174.6 213.5 251.7 288.5 322.8 353.7 380.7 402.8 419.8 431.0 436.2







DESCRIPTION Wave

Pwr

KW

Extr'

n

Effic'

y %

Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 8m Wave KW576.0 262.6 45.6 170.7 81.1 14.1







Power Extr'd, P1 - P4, 0.5m Wave KW2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0

Ninety Tow (92%) of the wave energy extracted is for waves between 1.5 and 4 meters high and 68% for waves 1 to 2 m High

Average

Pwr Extd

Average

Pwr

Extracted

KW

Total Losses,

Hydraulic &

Generator 35%

Net

Power

Gen'd,

Per 171

Net

Power

Gen'd,

Per 360

Total

Efficiency,

Per 360

Deg. %

Duration

Hours/Year

Output per

Year, Per

Set of 4

Pumps

KWH

Output per

Year, Per 10

Set of 4

Pumps

KWH

65.0% 2.6 211 2,108

65.0% 27.4 1,516 15,164

65.0% 619.5 18,901 189,013

65.0% 3,494.2 30,593 305,927

65.0% 2,271.2 10,477 104,767

65.0% 2,345.8 3,365 33,647

65.0% 2.6 1 9

65.0% 2.6 0 0

"Floating Construction Unit" contains 10 sets of 4-water pumps, in a foot print area of 18.75x28.50

meters

8,765.9 65,064 650,636



PLAN VIEW @ Deck Level +125 cm

3 Floats at 45 cm spacing

4 4

6

6

5 5 5

5 5

5 5 5

5 5

4 Water Pump 6 -- 5x5x0.5 Angle 5 VSG Generator

Power Pulley Axis

2. Power Pulley 6 6

6 Power Pulley Support, E/W Side View1. Buoyant Float, below

0Power Pulley Support Scale:

11

262.5

27

1114

3030

2121

12

11 1130 45

14

12

3030

3030

45

165 cm

37.5

45 45

15 30 45 60 75 cm



PLAN VIEW @ Power Reversing Pulley Level +125 cm

3 Floats at 45 cm spacing

8

8

5 5

2 8 8 10x20x0.5 Tube

Reversing Pulley Axis

Reversing Pulley Support

0Scale:

60

165 cm 111130 45

12

40.0

30 12

1411

30

11

15

3030

3030

30

45 45

30

250

45

14

75 cm

6



FRONT VIEW

1 140

125 Deck

115

100

9

0.00MSL

8-100

-110

3

-130

0Scale:

7

11

15 30 45

1616

60 75 cm

14



SIDE VIEW

4, 5 2 4,5 2

170

140

Wave Crest

`

9

1

MSL

8 87

Wave Trough

cmScale:

0 15

11

12

30 45 60 75

##

11

0.00

-100

11



ISOMETRIC VIEW - Prototype Structure

170 Top of Prototype

140 Deck

100 Wave Crest

0.00 MSL

-100 Wave Trough

-110 Reversing Pulley C.L.7

-130 Bottom of Prototype

0Scale:

FRP S.G.Alum S.G.

DESCRIPTION

Float,Buoyant Power

Power PulleyPower Reversing PulleyWater PumpVariable Speed GeneratorPower Pulley support E/WP. Rever'g P. support N/SP. Rever'g P. support E/WPull LineP. L. Tensioning SpringColumn supportBeam Support N/S, OuterBeam Support N/S, InnerBeam Support E/W, OuterBeam Support E/W, InnerSystem Float Support N/SSuction/Make up lineAnchor BlockTotals KgDynamic Weight, KgDynamic Weight at Max Wave Height Kg

30 45 60 75 cm

228378.93

304

178

No. 2 10 20

No. 4

Ĥ No. 6 7.6 7.62

2.3 14

165

Ĥ No. 9 7.6

Ĥ No. 9 7.6 7.62 250 0.6 3.4

0.6

31

Ĥ No. 4 7.6 7.62 280 0.6 3.8 15

No. 20

9.581 153.290.2

20

10

No. 16 7.6 7.62 165 0.2 0.8

125.64

10

KgRad's cmTYPE Liter Float

20 10

20No.

Vol.

20 10

No. 20 6.1 6.282

250

100

11

3

14

14

cm kg

1

UNITQTY

2x8

16

Hi cm

15

1211

1133165

14

2

3

ITEM

1

5

12

16

2

10

914

16

1211

12

14

6

14

7.62

7.6 7.62

15

16

17

18

Ĥ No. 6

No. 1 1

50.00

57

126

100.00

250

250

20

0.2

165

520

7.6

165

250

0.6

3.4 31

0

1.6 26

4

11

16

1

7.62

No. 10

No.

No.

12

13

6

7

8

9

10

No.

No.

No.

0.1

13

cm

0.3

0.6 2.3 14

0.6 15 29

Lth Tkn Weight

1.622.72

Uplift Kg



ISOMETRIC VIEW

25,26

25,26

Wave Direction22 31

20

2020

20

#25,26

28, 29, 30

20

24

22 31

23

25,26

23

22

25,264 4

20

17

Prototype Flow Diagram and Data Monitoring

DESCRIPTION Length cm Total cm

Pipe, 1/4 Ebb/Tide Hydro-TurbinePipe, 1/2 Pipe, 3/4 Pump Discharge, Check Valve

Pressure Gauge, Kg/cm 2̂Flow Meter, Liters/SecHydro Turbo GeneratorAmmeter, AmpsVoltmeter, Volts Digital

Frequency Meter, HZ Digital

Power Line, 3-1/2 x 4 mm 2̂Control Cables, 12/cWave Height Monitor,0-10 m

20

10

2

1

8

2

1

1

125

80

20

2,000

2,000

160

100

10

20

20

440

100

10

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

2

2

10

2

1

1

1

5

17

21 21

31 PVC

3029

3332 PVC

28 Digital

25 Digital

24 Bronze

23PVC

PVC

222120 PVC

Digital

27Digital

Digital

26 5

1

ITEM UNIT

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

RatingTYPE QTY

1,000



ISOMETRIC VIEW - Prototype Structure

170 Top of Prototype

140 Deck

100 Wave Crest

0.00 MSL

-100 Wave Trough

-110 Reversing Pulley C.L.7

-130

Anchor Block Anchor Block

Anchor Block Anchor Block

0Scale:

15 30 45 60 75 cm

16

3

14

1

100

1114

10 12

9

14

2x816

165 3311

11 14

2 6 12

14

16

1112

12

250



Wave Lee Side and Ebb/Tide Hydroulic Turbine

Deck

50 50

EBB Tide

Bottom of Ebb/Tide Hydro TurbinePLAN VIEW SIDE VIEW

PLAN VIEW

Dry Deck

Flow Lee Side

Flow Lee Side Transmission Rod 200

to COEE Dry Deck

200

`

FRONT VIEW

Inpput Area for: ISOMETRIC VIEW

Wave Lee Side 4 sq m Tidal Extraction

Tidal Turbine 4 sq m

50

##

-120

-170



PLAN VIEW @ Deck Level +125 cmFull Scale Model

4 4 4 4

`

4 Water Pump5 VSG Generator

Power Pulley Axis

2. Power Pulley 6 610x5x1 cm Tubes

6 Power Pulley Support, E/WSide View1. Buoyant Float, below

0 mPower Pulley Support Scale:

225 300 300 300 300 300 225

6

6

2 53 6.0

18.75 m

11

1114

21

375

21

11 11

14

12

300

28.50

m

300

375

300

300

300

300

300

` `

Wave Energy Extraction Analysis

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