Volume 24_CERTIFIED

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Mainland Reporting Services [email protected]

4272

PROSPERITY GOLD-COPPER MINE PROJECT

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REGISTRY #09-05-44811

___________________________________

FEDERAL REVIEW PANEL PUBLIC HEARING

PURSUANT TO:

SECTION 34 OF THE CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ACT

_______________________________________

PROCEEDINGS AT HEARING

COMMUNITY SESSION

April 17, 2010

Volume 24

Pages 4272 to 4528

________________________________________

Held at:

Canoe Creek CommunityDog Creek Community Gymnasium

Dog Creek ReserveBritish Columbia

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4273

APPEARANCES

FEDERAL PANEL:

Mr. Robert (Bob) Connelly, Panel ChairMr. Bill Klassen, Panel MemberMs. Nalaine Morin, Panel Member

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY (CEAA):

Ms. Colette SpagnuoloMr. Joseph RonzioMr. Livain MichaudMs. Cindy ParkerMs. Carolyn DunnMr. Jaron DybleMs. Lucille JamaultMs. Patricia McKeage

APPLICANT

Keith Clark, Esq. (Counsel) ) For Taseko Mines LimitedMr. Brian Battison )Mr. Rod Bell-Irving )Mr. Scott Jones )Ms. Katherine Gizikoff )

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4274

INTERESTED PARTIES AND PRESENTERS:(In order of appearance on the record):

Ms. Clara Camille ) Personal capacitiesMr. David Archie )Dr. Stadfeld )

Ms. Racelle Kooy ) Personal capacity

Ms. Louise Harry ) Personal capacity

Ms. Doreen Harry ) Personal capacitiesMr. Larry Harry )

Ms. Sandra Archie ) Personal capacity

Mr. Ted Hancock ) Personal capacity

Mr. Shadow Hawk ) Personal capacity

Mr. Charlie Louis ) Personal capacityMiss Charlize Louis )

Chief Percy Guichon ) Personal capacity

Chief Bill Wilson ) Personal capacity

Mr. Darrell Billy ) Personal capacity

Mr. Gerald Duncan ) Personal capacitiesMr. Bert Samson )

Ms. Rosemary Jack ) Personal capacity

Mr. Harold Harry ) Personal capacity

Councillor Patrick Harry ) Personal capacity

COURT REPORTING:

Mainland Reporting Services, Inc.Nancy Nielsen, RPR, RCR, CSR(A)Stephen Gill, CCR, CSR(A)

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4275

INDEX OF PROCEEDINGS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

(OPENING PRAYER) 4277(DRUMMING CEREMONY) 4277

OPENING COMMENTS BY THE CHAIRMAN: 4279

PRESENTATION BY MS. CLARA CAMILLE,MR. DAVID ARCHIE, AND DR. STADFELD:

4282

QUESTIONS BY TASEKO: 4316

QUESTIONS BY THE PANEL: 4324

PRESENTATION BY MS. RACELLE KOOY: 4328



(BLESSING) 4378(NOON BREAK)(PROCEEDINGS ADJOURNED AT1:00 P.M.)(PROCEEDINGS CONVENED AT1:45 P.M.)

4379

PRESENTATION BY MS. LOUISE HARRY: 4379



PRESENTATION BY MS. DOREEN HARRY ANDMR. LARRY HARRY:

4391


PRESENTATION BY MS. SANDRA ARCHIE: 4404

PRESENTATION BY MR. TED HANCOCK: 4408


PRESENTATION BY SHADOW HAWK: 4415

PRESENTATION BY MR. CHARLIE LOUIS ANDMISS CHARLIZE LOUIS:

4429

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4276


PRESENTATION BY CHIEF PERCY GUICHON: 4438

PRESENTATION BY CHIEF BILL WILSON: 4439

PRESENTATION BY MR. DARRELL BILLY: 4457


PRESENTATION BY MR. GERALD DUNCAN ANDMR. BERT SAMSON:

4462


PRESENTATION BY MS. ROSEMARY JACK: 4473

PRESENTATION BY MR. HAROLD HARRY: 4478

PRESENTATION BY COUNCILLOR PATRICKHARRY:

4487

QUESTIONS BY TASEKO MINES: 4497


CLOSING REMARKS BY CHIEF CAMILLE: 4503

CLOSING REMARKS BY TASEKO MINESLIMITED:

4509

(BLESSING) 4526(DRUMMING CEREMONY)

(PROCEEDINGS ADJOURNED AT 6:50 P.M.)

(COMMUNITY SESSION HEARINGS TORECONVENE ON MONDAY, APRIL 19, 2010 AT1:00 P.M., FOR THE ESKETEMC COMMUNITY,AT THE SXOXOMIC SCHOOL GYMNASIUM,ALKALI LAKE)

4527

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4277

(OPENING PRAYER)

ELDER CLARA CAMILLE: Our Heavenly Father,

Just praying thank you for this beautiful day

that you have given us today.

I just ask that you be with our leaders that

are here, and give them strength and the wisdom to

approach the job they have.

And I just bless each and every one of the

people that are participating here. And that they

will have a safe journey home when they leave from

here tonight.

And, God, I ask this in your son Jesus's

name.

Amen.

(DRUMMING CEREMONY)

CHIEF CAMILLE: I'd like to thank Clara for

the prayer this morning. It's an excellent way to

start our day to get us focused.

I would like to thank the drummers for the

song. And I would like to welcome each and every one

of you here today.

I would like to begin by introducing our

leaders.

I would like to introduce one of our northern

Secwepmc Chief, Chief Bev Sellars from Xat'sull, Soda

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4278

Creek. Her partner, Bill Wilson, Hereditary Chief in

the back corner. I forget the name of his community.

Kwawkgewth tribe.

Chief Marilyn Baptiste here, one of the

drummers.

Former Chief Roger William from Xeni.

Chief Fred Robbins from Esketemc.

Councillor Gerald Duncan from Canoe Creek.

Councillor Harold Harry from Dog Creek.

Where's Harold? Oh, here's Harold.

Councillor Patrick Harry from Canoe Creek.

Councillor Patricia Chelsea from Esketemc.

Councillor, my mind is going blank, Troy Dan

from Esketemc.

Am I missing anybody?

Oh, Councillor Gerty Harry. I missed her

yesterday. She wasn't here.

So thank you. Today is a --

Who? I'm sorry, Councillor, I'm sorry, I

didn't meet you. Chris William from Xeni Gwet'in.

So we'll start our day. We have a long list

of speakers. I want to thank the speakers who went

yesterday and those still to come today. Your voice

is very important in protecting our land. No

information is too little for the Panel here to help

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4279

decipher what we need to look at before we do any work

in our community. This is an opportunity. We've

never had this opportunity. We have it now. And I

really want to commend the community members who have

the courage to step forward. As I said yesterday,

this is a new step for a lot of us. But we have to

take it for the future generations if we want to lead

the way of how we're going to start having our say in

our territory and what goes on in our backyards, or in

our yards, I should say.

So, thank you, and I guess we should begin

the day. Thanks.

OPENING COMMENTS BY THE CHAIRMAN:

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, first of all,

Chief Camille, for your welcome and for the prayer and

the drumming ceremony this morning to officially open

the meeting.

So Chief Camille, Chief Robbins,

Chief Baptiste, Chief Sellars, Former Chief William,

Elders, Councillors, Member of Canoe Creek and the

Secwepemc First Nation within whose traditional

territory we are holding these hearings today, and

Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of our Secretariat, and

Taseko Mines, we are pleased to be here to hold our

second day of hearings in your community.

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4280

I will start with a very short introduction

and I will not spend much time on procedures because I

think they are apparent to everybody. I think most

people are back today.

I'll begin first of all by introducing

myself, Bob Connelly, as Chair of the Panel. On my

right Nalaine Morin, on my left Bill Klassen.

Our Secretariat, on the right, Colette

Spagnuolo, Joe Ronzio, Jaron Dyble, and I think at the

back of the room, Cindy Parker. They are our

Secretariat that are assisting us in the hearing

process.

I will let Taseko Mine introduce themselves

and turn to them right now to do so.

MS. GIZIKOFF: Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I'm Katherine Gizikoff, Manager of Government

and Environmental Affairs for Taseko in Williams Lake.

On my left we have Mr. Rod Bell-Irving who is

Manager of Environmental Assessment and been involved

with the Prosperity Project for over 17 years.

On the table behind me, on the left is

Mr. Brian Battison, Vice President of Corporate

Affairs for Taseko.

And immediately behind me, I have Mr. Keith

Clark, our legal adviser.

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4281

Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. In terms of

procedures, then, just to remind everybody that we are

taking a written transcript of everything that is

said, which is why we have the microphones and our

court reporter sitting on my right.

These transcripts are available on the

Agency's website, both the written transcript and the

audio transcript, so that they can be examined by

anybody who wishes to do so after these hearings are

over.

For that reason, when you come forward to

speak, I would ask you to either sit at the table in

front of me or use the microphone, but please give us

your name so that we can record it accurately.

It's sometimes helpful also, if you're new,

to spell your name for us if it is a name that is not

a simple name to spell just so that we can have it

accurately recorded.

So with that, I will indicate who the list of

speakers are at this moment.

I recognize that that list will change as we

go through the day.

We will begin, then, with the speakers. And,

as I mentioned yesterday, in accordance with our

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4282

Procedures, we will also give Taseko the opportunity

to respond to concerns and issues, questions that have

been raised during the course of the hearings, both

yesterday and today. And that will occur, then, at

the end of the day before we close.

So the order of speakers I have, I'll just go

through the list, so you're aware, are:

Clara Camille.

Racelle Kooy.

Louise Harry, together with Virginia Robbins.

Doreen Harry and Larry Harry.

And then Sandra Archie.

So those are the speakers we have at the

moment.

So to begin, then, I'll call forward Clara

Camille, please.

PRESENTATION BY MS. CLARA CAMILLE, MR. DAVID ARCHIE, AND

DR. STADFELD:

ELDER C. CAMILLE: I want to give you a gift

from our grass roots. You can share it whichever way

you like. It's Labrador tea. Share it with your

people.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much. We have

certainly enjoyed the Labrador tea in the various

communities and we'll look forward to sampling that.

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4283

Thank you very much.

DR. STADFELD: Just as we did yesterday, I'm

going to help facilitate our submission today. And

this is going to be on plant use in the territory.

So let's begin again by both of you

introducing yourselves again just for the record.

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Okay, I'm Clara Camille. And

I'm a practising Elder. I haven't reached that stage

of all the wisdom yet, but just to let you know that's

who I am.

MR. D. ARCHIE: I'm David Archie. I work as

an electrician. I have a Class A unrestricted

contractor's licence. I am also the Band historian.

I have a lot of knowledge of history of my people as

well as the academic written history. Thank you.

DR. STADFELD: So I think we're just going

to begin with an overview from Clara. We're going to

talk about the traditional plant use in the territory.

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Okay, I just want to let

everybody know, I was born and raised in the vicinity,

and I'm very familiar with the plants, the berries,

the food gatherings. And I was fortunate to be raised

with my grandparents, who were very strong and living

off the land at the time that I was a child.

My grandfather had gone to Residential School

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4284

and I think he was there, he said he reached a Grade 3

education, but he was more a handyman on the place, so

he gained a lot of skills from that type of training,

but he came back and he, you know, raised a family.

And, unfortunately, my mother was sent to the

Residential School, so she was a product of it, and

she was a workaholic. And she pretty much lost her

identity as a Native person.

So I was fortunate that my grandparents were

with me or was always around in the background, so

they taught me the use of our plants, preserving our

foods, and our spiritualism. And I appreciate that.

And I guess we gathered medicines off the

land. We gathered the foods that were in season. The

salmon. And salmon was our mainstay for winter months

to break the monotony of having just straight moose or

deer meat. You know, salmon was kind of a luxury that

they appreciated and saved for special occasions.

Our salmon, I heard the other day people

talking about dried salmon bones. And that was one of

the things that I remember being dried and they fixed

it so that it was kept in a place where it wouldn't,

you know, kind of get destroyed by weather and the

elements.

And I remember some of us had been sick once

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4285

and none of us were able to eat. We were all small.

And in the days that families kind of lived together

in winter homes and cabins or whatever.

And my grandmother telling my grandfather to

go out to where the food was stored and bring some dry

salmon bones. This was in the winter, so my

grandfather went and came and boiled up these bones

and for some of us they spoon fed us. That's how sick

we were. And that was all they did. And there was no

such thing as aspirins or Tylenol or stuff to break

our fevers. And we, we all, none of us perished in

that home. We all got better and was up and about.

So I really respect the salmon, you know.

And nowadays, it's hard to get. Last year I

didn't even store one salmon. That's how bad things

were for us.

I know there's some people that were

fortunate to get some, but I always say I have to go

to my relatives now.

And that's one good thing about being

Secwepemc, where, I know, you know, we have relatives

in the Secwepmc area and there's people from the

Tsilhqot'in, you know, that we kind of relate with.

So, you know, I've been fortunate that when

I'm visiting somebody down south here, they'll, I

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4286

leave, they give me a bag of, you know, dried salmon,

so I really appreciate that.

One of the other gatherings we did was a lot

of wild onions, the nodding onion, I guess it's

called, but we used to go out a lot and my

grandmother, and you didn't need too much of that, but

you know, she'd make them, I can't remember, during

the summer, you know, seasons in those days, months

didn't matter, to me, time didn't matter. We just

went out and did things.

And I remember her coming home and braiding

the tops and just hanging them to dry. And then in

the, you know, whenever she needed them she used them.

And there were the Yarrow. We used that a lot. I

remember them going out and making the plants, drying

them and storing them in whatever containers they had

that was not going to get, you know, wet or anything

with ...

I guess nowadays when I go out, I have a hard

time finding nodding onion. And I am aware, like,

when I go out, I keep my eyes open. It's just

something natural for me. And I don't see as many.

And then when you get them, they are so small inside.

Like the outsides look big, but when you get the real

onion out of them, it's just -- and they don't seem to

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4287

be in depth like they used to be. And they just, they

are kind of a poor quality.

And I find that the same way with the Yarrow,

they are -- there's used to be -- you know, you'd

pretty much come upon an area that would be just white

with the blossoms, but now there's -- they are far in

between when I go up on the mountains.

And I go back and forth, and I know when I'm

travelling between here and where we were yesterday,

and yesterday I was looking, and there just was no,

none of these kind of things that was visible. I know

it's kind of early yet for, for a lot of the things,

but there should have been signs that there's some

there, but I didn't notice any.

We also gathered, like, sage. And sage can

be used from spiritual cleansing. As you noticed here

this morning, there was a smudging to clear the air of

any impurities.

And also tea. They were made into tea. And

medicinal plant where it was used for people that were

having lung problems or colds.

And wherever people were, they used what was

there more available to them for that section because

we didn't stay in, like now that we are kind of on

Reserves, when I was growing up, we had a stationary

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4288

home somewhere, but we went from there to different

areas for different things that we did. Whether it

was hunting, berry picking, medicine gathering, or

whatever, fishing.

And a lot of the times that we were

stationary then was more or less in the wintertime

where my grandfather was a trapper. So he had a cabin

in close to his trapping area. And that's where we as

a family gathered and stayed there for the winter.

There's the, there's not too many people I

know nowadays that know this or, but we used to, my

grandmother used to take us this time of the year to

pick cottonwood buds. And at this time of the year,

before the cottonwood leaves open up, their buds are

very sticky. And she used to, you didn't need too

much of that, she'd pick maybe a gallon bucket or

something, take it home, and she'd mix it with

whatever, if she had animal fat or very rarely she

bought, well, lard, and things like that were not

available, so she used animal fat and fry these, well,

didn't actually from, but they mixed with it the fat,

prepared them, and so that the sap would come off

these buds, then she made them into salve or ointment

to put on sores or anything that, you know, was

infected. And that was some of the medicines that was

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4289

used.

And also the pitch of fir trees. They used

to go out and look for the hard, dark pitch off those

fir trees. And as I go out nowadays, I don't see too

many. And I check out the fir trees we have and they

don't seem to have as much of those kind of pitch

anymore.

But they did that, too. They rendered that

down with fat, again, and made that into ointment or

whatever to -- and that was highly used, especially

when you hear of people with, you know, common word

was "blood poisoning," so, you know, they used that as

a poultice on those kind of infections.

And we rarely, doctors were something that

was not available to us most of the time.

And I guess berries was another thing. We

went where there were seasons when the berries were

ripe and things. And I know between here and there,

we were along the road, you can see berry bushes there

now, but they are not as, as healthy looking as I

remembered them when we went any place there were

berry bushes.

You know, and I get quite concerned about

that because of the pollution along the roads and

whatnot, I feel this is what's killing them.

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4290

And fishing, we used to do that, like if

there was trout fishing, sometime in the springtime

was there we went out and camped if ever there was a

fishing place. And I remember my grandmother and my

mother and my aunt fixing the fish that my grandfather

and the male members of the family would get, and

they'd make all the fish racks to dry them in. And

once all was dry, they packed up and moved back to

wherever they were going to store it for the rest of

the year.

And I remember back then, too, that there

were a lot of game and meat, like moose, deer. And

even the porcupine, that was another animal that I

remember my family getting and using, using the meat.

We called it "wild turkey," that was their explanation

for the meat, "wild turkey".

And the grouse, there was plenty of grouse.

Now there's -- I don't see as many. Saw one the

other, yesterday morning, but that was one. But

there's not as many anymore.

DR. STADFELD: That's very helpful. I

wonder if Dave could talk a bit more along the same

lines about from what you recall how your family would

use different plants.

MR. D. ARCHIE: Yes, I guess from early

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4291

childhood, I remember a lot of the work we had to do

in preserving berries, usually saskatoons, that we had

gathered throughout the Fraser River watershed and

other areas. And what we did, we spread out the cloth

on the roof of the house, usually a sod roof having

flowers and grass on the roof, and then we spread it

out there to dry and this is how we preserved our

berries.

And from early childhood, I used to have a

little basket, an extra small basket. They call it

"mim7ec". So the adults had the larger baskets and so

they taught us quite early in life how to pick

berries.

And the other chore we had as a child was to

look after the fires for drying salmon or you could

try to learn to cut the salmon to put on the drying

racks. I tried it. I cut my finger. And I remember

I was demoted to watching the fires. So that was the

thing I remember.

And I guess that, from what I learned from

the Elders, a lot of them were in their 90s or

100 years old.

I remember working with an old lady called

Agnes Spintlum that lived by the Canoe Creek Catholic

Church. And I used to go down to do chores for her

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4292

because she was very infirm and hardly could move. It

took her maybe 15 minutes to go roughly about 45

metres to the church. She moved really slow. And she

had a cane. She was probably 100 years old. I used

to pack water for her and start the fires, make

kindling, bring in the wood. I'd do chores. Because

this was the job I had to do, I guess, as a small

child.

And I had no payment other than the respect

and the love I got from the Elders. That was good

enough for me.

So sometimes I'd help them in their gardens.

They were growing carrots, potatoes, all the root

crops. Eventually what I got from them were stories

from the past. I enjoyed those. That's why I became

a historian.

I spoke my language fluently.

I went to school in moccasins and buckskin.

Those were burned at the Residential School.

So my domain was from the Fraser River to

Green Lake, 83 Mile House, 70 Mile House, mostly

around the 70 Mile House area. It was remote. And I

lived there.

What I learned, making moose jerky, same way

as I learned in drying salmon, looking after the

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4293

fires, cutting the moose and hanging them up. And my

foster parents taught me how to do those things when I

was a child. This was way before I went to the

Residential School I learned quite a few things. Like

even the making of moose hide, I learned that at Canoe

Creek. To pick the acorns that did not have any pitch

on it and use it to colour and dry the moose hide.

And this is what I learned.

I learned how to scrape hides off the moose.

I was just a little boy about 3, 4, 5, 6 years old. I

learnt that.

Eventually I learned how to use a needle and

thread and how to make my own. And this was before I

went to Residential School.

I also learned how to fish. We call it

"qit'em", in our language. When I've caught my first

fish, I went wild. This was at 83 Mile Creek. I

don't know, I must have been about 3 or 4 years old.

I had watched the people of Canoe Creek how

they would improvise and use a head pin that held the

clothing of the, I guess, shirts that they buy from

the store. And sometimes they put the thread on it

and put bait on it and throw it in the creek. I'm

watching and, oh, yeah.

So I tried it one day at the bridge at

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4294

83 Mile Creek. I must have been about 3 or 4 years

old. And I watched the trout come up the stream.

They were red and they were quite big. And I thought,

oh, God, you know, I'm going to get one. So I watched

other people catching the trout. So the trout came up

towards the bridge. I'm laying flat on the bridge

with a little stick and thread and needle -- and the

pin with the little grasshopper on the end, so I move

it around. The school of trout came right by.

Uh-huh, we're too full.

So they were going by. They came back again.

They turned around way over and they came back and I

said "I'm going to get one now." No, they went right

by again.

And the third time, another school of trout

came up. And one of them was hungry. I'm watching.

Get it, get it, get it. As soon as he bit the

grasshopper, I just yanked it quick. And I got the

trout. It was quite big. And I'm screaming my head

off, "I got him, I got him".

(Aboriginal Language Spoken)

My foster parents panicked, we lived in a tent

maybe about 15 metres away from the bridge, and they

come running, and, "What happened, did you get hurt, did

you get hurt?". I said, no --

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4295


"What did you get?" I lifted up the trout.

The trout was going like that (indicating) "Oh, yeah,

that's really good, you learned how to fish" I said,

"Yes."

Okay, then what I did was I'm holding this

fish up and they say, "What do you want me to do with

it? What do you want me to do with it now that I have

the fish?" Said bring it to the camp and put it in a

frying pan, just leave it there, we'll cut it later and

we'll have it for supper.

And this was the first time I realized I had

contributed to the family in some way. Catching my

first trout.

So I think of that, my first grouse, my first

moose, going back to the 1940s. We were taught early in

life to use a rifle. I remember learning how to use a

small .22 that I could shoot grouse and rabbits and

mallard ducks.

We had Retrievers as well to get the ducks or

the muskrats out of the lake. We had trained them.

These were my protectors. We had six dogs that

travelled with us children as we rode on horseback in

through the trees, wherever we went, these were to

protect us from the wolves, coyotes, the cougars.

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4296

And I remember being trailed by a wolf. We

got as far as the house. That's where the wolf was

shot. We were told never to panic. And I remember

Johnny Duncan, we called him Johnny Mac then, he shot

the wolf. And I lived. He said, "Keep coming, don't

turn around, don't panic." He got a rifle and just blow

him away. And then we had wolf skin.

I remember living at Tin musket. And we had

done a lot of trapping. We had hundreds of muskrats.

We had a rack across the house. And I went out to

collect some of those muskrats as a child. I used to

step on the trap and release them and then I learned how

to set the traps again, put it down into the muskrat

breathing hole.

I learned to skin weasel, mink, marten. And

we learned how to make boards to stretch them.

These things I learned early in life how to be

a good, responsible child. I was respected by my

Elders. I returned the respect by listening to them.

What I notice now today, the hides of the

moose are very thin as compared to when I was a child

back in 1940.

No matter where I go, Speces Bridge, Kamloops,

Canim Lake, the deer hides, everything, and even the

berries today, they are not as big as when I was a

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4297

child.

The saskatoons that were large and juicy are

now just mainly seed, mainly seed.

And even the wildlife seems to be more scarce.

I notice that when I, when I came here about

10 years ago and I picked Saskatoons down by the Gang

Ranch bridge, there's a sharp turn down there. And I

know where the berries were. So I went down there and I

was picking Saskatoons. And I looked at them. And they

are so small. But I said, "At least I'll have

something."

And I have a memory from childhood. I was

picking berries. And my uncle Freddie Grinder came

along and he said, "Hey, nephew, you better save some

for the birds."

I always like to one-up him. So I turned and

faced him, I said, "Uncle, what do you mean, the

birds? I already ate the birds."

These are the things that, you know, what I

notice I guess the change in the environment, the

sparsity of all blueberries, huckleberries, they are

smaller. Everything. The environment has changed.

The winters has changed.

I remember when we were driving through snow

at three, four feet deep, and we used to go on the

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4298

sleigh on the lakes at that time. Now I don't think

we could.

And I enjoyed winters. I'm a winter person.

I thrive going into the blizzards. The snow coming

against my face.

And this is where I humble myself. When you

are snow blind and you're not knowing where you're

going, and yet you know where you're going. You know

where home is. And this is what I like. It humbles

me that I'm just one small speck in our territory.

So this is what I have to mention. The fish.

And I think of a little boy at Pyskykl. Pyskykl is

the name of the Taseko. That's from the Secwepemc. A

little boy sitting on the bridge, I guess probably

fishing with a regular hook trying to catch a trout

and I worry about him not being able to. Okay.

And I guess to summarize all what I have

said, the whole environment has changed from

overcutting.

I went back into Tin Musket 5A. There's a

lot of clearcuts. Logging. I went back to the place

where I used to pick berries. It's dry now. There's

no berries there. It's gone.

I went to the Canim Lake area. I picked

berries there with my relatives. It's the same there.

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4299

I go over to the Merritt area and I pick

berries at Stump Lake, and I realize those berries are

quite sparse.

And I pick maybe a small basketfull to take

home for maybe two, three Saskatoon berry pies, which

I enjoy.

And I think when Clara mentioned all the

medicines that we used, I remember those from the

trees, the pitch that they used whenever I scraped my

knees or my elbows or fell off a horse, and I remember

that, the medicines, they were natural medicines. And

I always looked back to that time that I was able to

survive.

I was never afraid of the forest. I could

sleep anywhere because we had six dogs with us.

People I know from the urban centre can't

even go out to the back door to get something over the

fence.

My granddaughter cannot do that. She's

afraid of the dark. What might be behind the tree

just maybe a couple of metres from the house. Orders

me out to get something for her. And I call her a

sissy. And I said, "I sleep, I talk to bears, I talk

to coyotes, I talk to blue jays, and they are my

friends. They come close to me. They understand that

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4300

I will not hurt them."

Yeah. Yeah. I think that's what I'd like to

mention about the environment. It has changed

drastically.

DR. STADFELD: Thanks for that, Dave.

Thanks for sharing that.

I wonder if Clara could talk a bit more about

the changes that you've seen in your lifetime here in

the Canoe Creek territory and places where you used to

go to either hunt fish or gather plants and how they

have changed now.

ELDER C. CAMILLE: I guess one of the things

that I know is a drastic change to me, and I think it

was mentioned the day before, or yesterday, and we

used to go and camp down the river and camp by the

river. My grandmother used to tell me a lot of the

stories that they, they camped up along the river up

towards where we were at. They had, everybody had

fishing rocks that they called their fishing rock

where they kind of set up camp along the river.

And this I was just thinking of yesterday

when we were up there at Little Dog. And about three

years ago we went out, I was fortunate to get on this

rafting trip, and we came down the Fraser River, and I

had a cousin of mine, Antoine Harry, he was on that

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4301

trip, he's deceased now, but he was showing me all

these different places along the river of where our

People, the different members of our People had their

little fishing rocks. And one of them was the name of

Dave's grandfather, great-grandfather, probably, and

where he'd had a fishing rock, like. And that's kind

of all sparsed up between here and towards Little Dog.

So my grandmother mentioned they had a

fishing, her family fishing rook, too, which was just

upstream from where the Dog Creek empties into the

Fraser River.

But I've never visited those areas. I just

saw them along the bank when we were on this rafting

trip.

So I thought, holy smokes, you know, our

People travelled extensively, and, you know, they did

it on foot, or if they were fortunate to have a horse

or two. Because I remember we travelled by wagon and

camped down by the river. And we stayed camped there

until our fish was dry to, you know, they didn't move

the fish until they were dry.

And they got their quota, whatever it was.

You know, I don't remember them, you know, having any

number as in numbers. But they knew how much they

needed for the winter.

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4302

And they didn't have to haul the water with

them. They used the river water. You know, they'd

just go take a bucket, dip in there, you know, and use

that for whatever. And nowadays, I don't think I'd

even want to try it. It has been a long time since I

ever used the river water due to the fact of pollution

that people are warning us about from different things

emptying out into it.

And I guess that's something I think about

when we think about this mine going in up there. Yes,

they give us a year's span of what it's going to do.

But what happens after that? Whatever's going to

happen to the fish? Because eventually, that's going,

in my thoughts, been thinking about it now since

Saturday, you know, when I went to my first meeting

out at Toosey and listened to the talks. And what's

going to happen to our fish 40, 50 years from now? I

wouldn't be around, but it's going to be my children's

grandchildren that are going to be around then, our

grandchildren, great-grandchildren.

You know, what's going to be happening to

that Fraser River? I mean, it's bad enough already.

You know, we don't have any fish there. What effects

and -- because in those days, I remember we used to

have real nice, you know, when we got the salmon, they

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4303

were -- nowadays some of the salmon, they are already

soft when we -- this one year when my grandsons, like,

they love to fish, and I guess our family works

together, and since they were very small, we would go

down and take -- well, nowadays we drive down there

and fish, two, three hours and get whatever, and come

home. But I notice some of those fish are very soft.

You know, they are not as firm as they used to be.

And they are not as large, that's for sure.

And so, you know, you wonder, how long is

this going to last? You know, with more pollution

coming in.

DR. STADFELD: And I wonder if you can talk

to the Panel a bit more about what the changes have

been for your traditional plant uses. Do you find as

many as you used to find?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: When I go out, I don't ignore

the fact that there's medicines out there. I usually

go out with my daughters and I show them the different

medicines. But they are kind of scarce nowadays,

like, in all the places that we travelled, sometimes

they are -- and usually, like the area around the

Little Dog there, you know, things used to be plenty.

You could see the Yarrow bloom, and, you know, they

liked to grow in those dry arid areas too and along

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4304

the edge of the forest, but you don't see them as

much.

And I know it's like that in other areas.

Like, you know, go up along the power line there, and

the one year we were up there, and I was looking at

some, and somebody says "don't pick them because they

spray these," they are spraying bad weeds but they are

also killing the good weeds. So, you know, you

couldn't pick them around there.

And we go up, like, the berry picking areas

that my grandparents used to go to, well, you know,

the power line goes through there now. It goes right

smack dab through those areas. And there's, there

isn't any blueberries or huckleberries anymore in that

area.

You know, our areas -- if I want

huckleberries now, I drive out to Likely and that's a

good three hours drive out there back in the Cariboo

mountains there, to find some in those areas. But we

can't find them. And the ones we find up on our

mountains are very small, as Dave was saying.

You know, so it's just those things have

changed.

DR. STADFELD: And can you talk a bit more

about why you think it's important to pass these

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4305

traditions on to your children and your grandchildren?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, I find it important to

pass it on. And I take my, as many of my grand-kids

along with me when I go either berry picking or

whatever, or just even going for a Sunday drive, or

whatever, you know, camping. I show them things

because I feel it's important. It's not written in

book and for them to read up on. And but to show

them, they may read it somewhere, and I've got a book

there about different plants that, plant uses through

B.C. with the Native People.

And I think that was Nancy Turner that put

the book together.

But, you know, the kids can read that. But

if they have never gone out there and identified it

and this is where it grows and whatnot. And I try,

and right now, I work with my daughters on that in

showing it to them. Because my sons are out doing

whatever men do. And what mom does is not important

to them. They do their hunting and whatnot, and I

know my grandsons do a lot of hunting, too. I have to

depend on them now. And they get very disappointed if

they don't get grandma anything.

DR. STADFELD: And as you're doing that and

as you're trying to pass those traditions on, is there

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4306

a role there for your tradition of language, too, to

be passing it on?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, I try to tell or show

my kids or teach them the words for different things

around our, you know, regarding the hunting, the

fishing and stuff. If they will give me that five

minutes time to listen to me. But, oh, well, grandma

talks too much. So they ignore me a lot of times.

But I know they listen because I've -- they

act like they don't, they are not hearing me, but I

know they'll come back later and ask me just what did

I mean by that and how can they do it and so.

DR. STADFELD: Can you talk a bit more about

I think what's often referred to now as "invasive

plants" and what you've seen and how that's changed.

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, I worry about the

invasive plants because they kind of, just our

experience here in the community, years ago somebody

came in here with a truck and trailer and they brought

one of those trailer houses in and put them, parked it

in the middle of our Reserve here. And I saw this

plant growing there. And I didn't know what it was

until we had someone from the agriculture department

was out and we were having a meeting with them. And

then so I asked her, I said, "What kind of plant would

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4307

this be?" I said, "I don't think anybody planted it

here, but it's growing."

And, oh, she went up one wall and down the

other, says, "Get rid of this plant, you don't want it

in this valley." And it was the nap weed. And that

was our first introduction of nap weed to this

community.

And unfortunately, that one plant had turned

into millions of plants. And we were very -- you

know, our hillside is getting, getting loaded.

So I see that on the roads. Now, I was up,

up the valley here. And I saw some last summer in

bloom. And, you know, I kind of brought it to some of

the ranchers and I said we should have somebody do

that. And I said, you know, it seemed like there's

a -- there's -- I don't know, they just seem to think

that there's no way to get rid of those. And they

just kind of give up on it.

But, and I know I have seen nap weed. And I

have seen, I'm not sure what those plants are called,

but they have yellow flowers and they are on hard,

like, very hard stems and they grow about two, three

feet high. And I know that's starting, yeah.

So. And then there's, there were some other

ones too that I saw. But those are the two that are

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4308

very -- staying right in my mind that I feel are

invading.

And those kind of come in on vehicles or

transportation, whatever, equipment that comes

through. On these. I know on the Enterprise Road, I

have noticed some different plants that is not native

to our area.

DR. STADFELD: Now, do you recall before

they built the so-called Enterprise Road, do you

recall when that was that they built that road

through?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: It was in the late '70s.

'78, '79. I remember driving over there, oh, through

it and it was still not quite finished. About, oh,

late '79, early '80s, when they. ...

DR. STADFELD: And that's the road that

crosses the current main transmission line?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Yes. It goes underneath

there.

DR. STADFELD: And that's where the planned

switching station for the new line will be?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Yes. I understand that, yes.

DR. STADFELD: Right. And when they put in

the Enterprise Road, yourself or Dave perhaps talked

about this a bit, what are some of the changes that

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4309

you saw simply because of putting in the road through

that part of your territory?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, you see a lot of ATVs

in there. You see dirt-bikes. You know. And there's

new roads, like trails and roads through there. And,

you know, when that was first opened, I remember

driving over it the one fall evening. And, you know,

the moose that we saw on there, or the deer, like

there was just, in the wintertime, you saw their

tracks criss-crossing the road, so you knew that was

kind of their habitat in there. But the last few

years, you know, if you see three or four moose tracks

crossing the road here, you're fortunate. But in

those days, there was just you saw them and you saw

their tracks. So there was deer and moose.

DR. STADFELD: And from what you've seen,

you don't see as many now?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, when I do drive it, I

don't see any more. There was one time I know that --

I almost had -- a few times I nearly had a collision

with a moose on that road. But nowadays, no.

DR. STADFELD: Now, I know that there's a

sensitivity about referring to some of the particular

locations in your territory that you go to to collect

different plants in this type of public forum, but I

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4310

wonder if, one or both of you, could just talk in

general terms about some of the areas that you go to

or that you used to go to.

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, I, I never did too much

travelling in that area, but I know relatives have.

There was hunting. That was their hunting area.

Like, they knew if they went in that area, they'd,

they'd come out with game.

And I remember an aunt that went in there and

another relative that went picking blueberries, like

the low bush blueberries and different things in that

area. You know, and probably medicines as well, you

know. But, you know, those are or will be affected by

any more disturbances to the ground and stuff.

I'll let Dave ...

MR. D. ARCHIE: I have some knowledge of how

river systems are destroyed.

I read a book called "Our Stolen Future" and

it's about the Missouri Mississippi River, how all the

carcinogens are deposited in the river by large

companies that deposit all kinds of toxins,

carcinogens into the river. How the alligators are

deformed. I have read the book.

I gave it to Agnes Jack to bring to Canoe

Creek Band to give to Marilyn Camille when she was

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4311

working as a medical supervisor, or whatever.

So I know that how all these toxins,

carcinogens in the field of the reproductive system of

human beings, they mimic the chromosomes in your in

your prenatal stage when the egg is fertilized.

And some of the animals that eat the fish

eventually become deformed. The alligators, sometimes

they have an extra leg on the side or an eye in the

wrong place.

So I know this. I read the book twice.

And from my knowledge of planktons, that I

read in the book, they are the smallest form of animal

that the fish would eat. And as the fish would, the

small fish eats the plankton, it's contaminated maybe

100 times over the recognized limit. And that little

minnow is eaten by a little larger fish. Maybe a

herring. And the herring eats so many of that little

fish that he's contaminated over 500 times. And that

herring is eaten by salmon. And he's, that the salmon

is contaminated up to a million times. And then the

Orca or other large whales eat the seal, they eat so

many seals that they are contaminated way over what

any animal would, I guess, survive.

So this is why the whales in the ocean are

dying. Their immune system has been compromised that

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4312

they cannot fight anymore for survival, so they die

off.

So this is what I've learned. And when the

large whales drift up from the Gulf of Mexico, up to

North Atlantic, to Greenland, to the Inuit, whose main

staple are the seal, the polar bear, and the whales,

they eat that whale, they are contaminated. Their

bodies are contaminated. Their immune system is

compromised. They get sick easily and die.

After I read the book and towards the end,

some of the First Nations up north, they're referred

to as the PCP people there, and all the carcinogens

that come into the whale, the seals, the polar bears,

are in their system. So eventually some of them will

be deformed or whatever. There'll be sickly and

subject to death. Their immune system is compromised.

So eventually they will disappear as well.

So when I hear about our Fraser River being

contaminated, I worry about the salmon that I eat

after reading the book called "Our Stolen Future".

Two days ago I came up, returned back home

from Kamloops. Driving along the Fraser from Canoe

Creek to Dog Creek, I look at the Fraser. It looks

sick, to me. It looks sick. And I think of it as a

child. I would have said:

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4313


"The river is sick."


"The heart of the river is almost gone now."

That's what I said in my language.

Okay. And when I learn about these things, I

think of going back into Graveyard Valley, Dash

Mountain, Black Dome, in behind there, and what I've

seen there, the clearcuts, places where they used to

pick berries, and I said, looked like there's none,

things are going really bad. And I don't know, can

things ever get worse? I believe they will. But

there's nothing I could do about it.

I lived this land. I've seen it at its best.

And then where the land looks very sick, the animals

that are contaminated when you cut them open, they are

green. The deer are, whatever.

And I worry.

These animals that I used to live on, the

berries, the berries are not very edible. They are

mostly seeds now.

And the fish that I worry about.

I used to fish up here at Canoe Creek by the

Gang Ranch bridge. About 10 years ago, I got my limit

of 60 salmon. That was what I figure my family would

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4314

need for the year. We jarred them.

Mostly cork jars, so.

On the way back to Kamloops, I stopped at the

PetroCan station in Clinton. And we had our salmon in

coolers, in ice. And somebody from the Coast came by

and looked at what we had. We had our dip nets. And he

looked at me and said:

"What do you have in there?"

"Salmon."

He said, "Salmon, yeah."

"Well, I'm getting salmon for my family and I

figure I got the limit of 60. That's enough for my

family for the winter. We live on other foods, so."

"60. Is that all? 60?"

I said, "Yes, 60. That's enough for me. I

don't overfish. I don't -- I look after the salmon."

And this guy laughs at me.

He said, "You know, I'm telling you, I can

catch more fish than you in one scoop. I can take

60,000 salmon in one scoop. I'm a commercial

fisherman."

I looked at him. I said, "You are a greedy

SOB." And I said, "You live off the salmon. You are

greedy. You go for the money. You don't share."

And we almost got in a fight. I was very

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4315

lucky my son-in-law is very big, fairly big.

So we let him go.

So this is what I, I like to mention. Like, a

lot of times I mention the almighty dollar sign where

you have the two lines coming down. As Secwepemc

people, we do not recognize the almighty dollar. We

erase the two lines coming down, it's a letter "S" we

call it "share". We are very sharing people. We are

more in tune with the social aspects of our lives. We

were the true social democrats. We had a better system

of government than you had.

And the women were the strength of our

community.

When I think of that, I had come as a child

helping the Elders when they are close to 100 years or

100 years and more when they are hardly could help

themselves, I was a child. I came full circle.

Now I help the Elders of the community in

Kamloops.

I used my electrical services to help them. I

give them an undercut from other contractors, so I could

work with them, gain knowledge from them. And that's

it. That's the way I am. I've come full circle.

Share. Share the land. Share the fish. Animals,

plants. Everything.

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4316

And I'd like to thank you very much for

allowing me to speak.

DR. STADFELD: Thanks, Dave. I think our

time's getting a bit short. Is there anything more

that you'd like to say before we pass it back to the

Chair?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: I guess I just want to say

that we do continue using the area. Like I was just

talking to my grandson yesterday, he was over there on

the site with us and he says, "You know, grandma, I

hunt around here." I said, "Oh, good, would you be

willing to talk on that?" And of course he was shy

and he says, "Oh, I don't think so. I said just tell

you this is my favourite hunting grounds, so." And he

went away.

That's all I have to share. And thank you

for listening to us. I know sometimes it might sound

a little off, but that's our story, and we're sticking

to it.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.

Any questions, Taseko?

QUESTIONS BY TASEKO:

MR. BELL-IRVING: Yes.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay.

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4317

MR. BELL-IRVING: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I appreciate your sharing of all of that

information. And that's inspired me to ask a few

questions.

Yesterday we heard reference to the community

moving from the west to the east across the river to

where we are now. Am I correct in understanding that

that took place after the smallpox period around 1860?

Is that sort of the timeframe?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: I don't have any specifics to

that. But I remember my grandmother telling stories

as a little girl living across the river on the west

side, her and her family. And they were a large

family. And they associated with the Klaust family as

well, over on that side. But that would be my, I

guess I would say my assumption, because my

grandmother, wind up, you know, after she'd grown-up,

I guess she became a member of the community here, at

least her family did, and her mother and dad both were

living in Dog Creek and that's where my grandmother

married from and raised our family between here and we

call the place up on the mountain here, "tsek7", where

she married my grandfather, who was from that

community and in the days.

So, but she did talk a lot about the flu,

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4318

talked about the smallpox, but she never ever did tell

me how they came to be members of the Dog Creek

community.

So I would -- that would be my assumption,

that, yes, something happened there.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Okay, thank you.

You both spoke -- oh, sorry, David?

MR. D. ARCHIE: I have a very close friend

that that I -- Evelyn Sergeant, Raymond is her

brother. And I talked about her and her history,

where she came from. She said, "Across the river."

She said, "We were never registered as First Nations

until there were illnesses." And they had nowhere to

go for medicine. So they went to the Williams Lake

Indian Agency to get help. And they looked for a

number on their records. And they said, "You're not

even on the record here, I'm sorry, we can't help. By

the way, where did you come from?" They said, "We

come from across the river."

And most of the people there were never

registered because they had opposed the allotment of

lands back in the 1860s and they said, "This is where

we live and you have no right to tell us which land is

ours." That's why Peter O'Reilly, who allotted

Reserve lands, never got across the river. They would

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4319

have killed him if he got across.

So I realized that from Evelyn. Raymond

Rosette is my -- I call him "uncle". I call him

"sise7" . Wherever I go in Kamloops, I meet him in

Cache Creek or anywhere, I call him "sise7", uncle,

because he's about four years older than I am. I'll

be 69 this year, so he's probably about 74 now.

He's sitting over here, and I like sitting

with him because I remember him as a child. And we

get along quite well.

Okay, this is how the people were removed

from across the river. For medical reasons, they

could not get help for medical reasons. That's why

they're with the Canoe Creek Band, Alkali Lake, Dog

Creek Indian Band. Apparently Dog Creek and Canoe

Creek were separate at one time. They moved east of

the river. They were forced to cross into our area.

MR. BELL-IRVING: I have just two more

questions, if I may.

You both spoke about harvesting plants,

traditional plants and medicines, and also about

historical use of the land.

And I'm looking at a map on the wall behind

the Panel that's labelled "Shuswap Nation Territory."

Looking at that map, it appears to me as though the

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4320

mine site area, where the Prosperity Mine is proposed

to be developed, the Fish Lake area, appears to be

within your territory.

So in relation to that, can I ask, do you

have any history or any knowledge of the gathering of

plants and the use of medicines from that area, or,

for that matter, from within the vicinity of the

transmission line, both from a historical use point of

view and from a medicine gathering plant point of

view?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, the stories that I

have have been from my grandmother and other Elders.

And I remember them talking about going across the

river and, you know, but there was no specific names

because they may have had a name for a creek or

something. And they talked about going out there and

doing a lot of things. There was a lot of wild, like,

the bateh, the wild potatoes as they called them.

There was different names for it in our language. And

they shared. And they also talked a lot about having

meetings with the Tsilhqot'in People and the Sto:lo

People.

So there was obviously an area there that was

gathering places where they met. And that was some of

their intent was food harvesting, maybe, from, and you

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4321

know, they crossed the river either in rafts and

whatnot because the days before the bridges were ever

thought of.

But, see, my grandmother, my grandfather

would have been in his nineties when he passed away

and that's been about, you know, my, what, almost

50 years now since he passed away, so.

But they talked a lot about them travelling

back and forth, you know, across.

So medicine gathering, food gathering,

hunting, fishing, were things that they did. And like

I always say, they were nomad people, they travelled

all over, you know, wherever food was available. And

Gatherings was another thing that they liked to go to.

MR. BELL-IRVING: So if I understood, then, no

specific reference to an area like Nabas or no, no

mention or specific history of that, but just in

general terms, stories of gathering?

Okay, thank you.

ELDER C. CAMILLE: So all I know is that

they talked about, like, places like the Chilcotin

area. You know, they said that's where they met.

Like people, our People didn't have specific, like,

territories to speak of. Like they know it was a

shared territory. They went out there and got what

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4322

they wanted. There was no -- I remember them going,

speaking about going way out. There was a place they

went to, which was called Mindo. And I believe that

place is almost extinct. I was talking to some people

this morning.

So that was another big gathering place that

they went to.

And there was a place like Hungry Valley and

Graveyard Valley and all the different places like

that they spoke about.

And even there were places that they talked

about towards Big Creek and on the way out to Nemiah

that they just travelled, they didn't do, you know,

they didn't go there and say, you know, it's our place

here, but they travelled to find the food, sustenance

they needed and whatever, you know, and meet old

friends or relatives.

Yeah, okay, thank you.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Thank you. And my last

question, you mentioned the Enterprise Road, and the

fact, if I understood you correctly, that was put in

in the mid, early '70s, built in the early '70s. And

you described it as being in the location of the

proposed switching station. You're referring to the

Dog Creek switching station?

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4323

And have you any view or have you thought

about how the construction of this Dog Creek switching

station might add to or complicate the changes that

you've seen, or were your comments more just observing

what's happened in that general area since you've

known the road was put in?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, I know since the

roads have been put in, the Enterprise Road has been

put in, it has opened the traffic up to a lot of, you

know, like there's tourists probably driving back and

forth looking for some place, a lake or something, and

they get on that road. And then there's also ATVs.

There's dirt-bikes. And you name it. And people

4x4'ing out there. And, you know, these big souped-up

trucks and whatnot.

So I think when we, if this ever gets put in,

you know, it's going to rip up more land in there

that's going to affect the native plants that we talk

about. And I guess those are my fears. There's going

to be invasive plants come in with the different

things. And then, you know, between that station and

Little Dog, well, there's going to be a lot of

disturbance in there and there's going to be roads

again opened up.

And right now, I've been kind of looking at

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4324

the area going back and forth from Dog Creek, and I

know I have seen game go back and forth across the

road. So that has to be a crossing in there for them

going from, you know, either the river area up to the

mountains. And if these new roads that are put in are

new openings for trails, it's going to affect a lot of

things.

You know, there will be negative effects to

it, you know. There may be a few positives add to it,

but I think there is going to be more negative.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Just to clarify. The

location of the Dog Creek switching station is right

adjacent to the Enterprise Road. So there's no new

roads being put in in order to construct that

switching station. So I take your comment being more

related to the disturbance of the land associated with

where that switching station, rather than the roads?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, I think there's, you

know, as much as we say there's going to be no new

roads, what about the corridor that's going to be

cleared? You know, there's going to need to be some

vehicles going in there, so that's going to be an

impact.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Thank you very much.

QUESTIONS BY THE PANEL:

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4325

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. We have a

question as well.

MR. KLASSEN: Thank you for sharing that

information with us, Mrs. Camille. I think you

mentioned something about spraying of herbicides to

control plants along a power line that now exists and

that, as a result, there was also some damage to

plants that you use for food.

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, along the power line,

after a few years, some of our berry, like, the

strawberry plants, some, not too much blueberries, and

then there's the soap berry bushes that have come up,

you know, I mean, that's been years since the power

line was put in, they are finally coming through. And

then one day we were out there and someone saw these

little plastic signs, you know, along the road,

"there's herbicides been sprayed," you know, "don't do

this, don't do that". So, you know, those are my

concerns.

I know what they are probably trying to do is

get rid of invasive plants, but they are also

destroying the native plants that are finally coming

back.

MR. KLASSEN: Do you have any suggestions

as to how invasive plants could be controlled along a

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4326

right-of-way like a new power line without using

herbicide spray?

ELDER C. CAMILLE: Well, I don't know. My way

of thinking, if they were spotted soon enough, that if

they were picked and cleared out of the area, you

know, they would not reseed, keep reseeding.

But I know what happened here in the

community. We had one plant, and by the time we

realized what it was, it had reseeded and it just, you

know.

And we had an old fellow that used to go

around, he'd got some herbicide, but that didn't seem

to do it any good, although he did it every spring, he

went around and found the plants and tried to destroy

them, but it didn't do any good either.

So, you know, these things went wild fire.

And up behind our health station, you can find a lot

of these nap weed that are growing there. And also

the yellow-flowered ones.

So I don't know what, other than going out

there and handpick these things, would be a good cure

for them.

MR. KLASSEN: Thank you.


MR. D. ARCHIE: Can I just mention something

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4327

about herbicides. I have relatives in the North

Thompson Indian Band. They lost some of their Elders

through the traditional berry picking area along the

railroad track. There are herbicides used along the

railroad track. They did their traditional berry

picking, ate the berries, and they got contaminated.

I guess, and died. I don't know, through cancer. And

what they noticed, some of my relatives, like, there

is Chief Eddie Celesta, told me about that. And his

brother Ernie, and others, yeah. That's how we lost

our Elders here, they went out berry picking.

So I would like to warn the people here,

wherever you have clearcuts for hydro lines or roads

or railroads, keep away from the berries that are

close to the railroad track or the highways or

wherever the roads. So that's what I would like to

warn them about.

Okay, thanks.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. That completes

our questioning, then, and I would like to thank you,

Mrs. Camille and Mr. Archie for sharing with us your

knowledge and history and also how you've seen the

environment change over your lifetime in the area

here.

Thank you for your contribution here today.

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4328

(Applause).

THE CHAIRMAN: Now, just a question for

planning. Our next speaker is Racelle Kooy. That's

you, I guess. I'm not sure when lunch is coming and

I'm not sure how long you're going to be. Could you

give us an indication as to what is best at this

point.

MS. R. KOOY: I'll probably be about

25 minutes.

THE CHAIRMAN: You'll need about 25 minutes.

I think we should proceed, then, if that's the case.

Again, just for planning purposes. Please come

forward.

PRESENTATION BY MS. RACELLE KOOY:

MS. R. KOOY: So before I get started, I

would like to introduce myself properly. My name is

Racelle Kooy, I'm also known as Laloya.

I have family from here, from the Canoe Creek

First Nation. My grandfather was Eric Hillman. His

sister was Lily Harry. And I also have family that

hails from the lower Stl'atl'imc territory from my

great-grandfather, Chief Harry Kashusha Peters and

Julia Krause.

And I want to raise my hands to everybody

here for your presence, for your support, your words

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4329

of wisdom and knowledge that you shared prior to me

coming here. It's an honour and a privilege as a

member of Canoe Creek First Nation to speak today.

And I just want to acknowledge everybody. And also I

want to acknowledge you because unfortunately I'm

going to have to put my back to you, but I know I'm

not putting my back to you, you're putting your

support to me. So I welcome that right now, so that I

may speak the right words.

You may have noticed by where I had to put

the microphone just now, there's some Dutch blood

that's snuck in there, so.

What I handed out to our esteemed Panel here

today was also a brief background about who I am. You

know that I am from the Canoe Creek First Nation, also

strongly connected to the lower Stl'atl'imc. But I

also wanted to bring you're awareness to the fact that

I'm also an Aboriginal tourism expert in my own right.

I'm one of the very few, about the top three in

Canada.

I've worked at a national, international,

regional, and here at a grass roots level, so I'm very

passionate and knowledgeable about what I'm speaking

about.

Any report that you pick up on research on

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4330

market demand, even the first ever and only economic

impact study of Aboriginal tourism in Canada, since

the late 1990s, I've had a hand in it. So, again,

you're coming, I'm coming to you as somebody who has

helped organize the Premiers Forum on Aboriginal

Tourism held two years ago, the launching of the

$10 million Aboriginal Tourism Blueprint Strategy for

British Columbia, for the Aboriginal Tourism

Association of Canada. And for my international

involvement as well, I was just last year at this time

last year, I was invited to speak as the one and only

Aboriginal representative at the International

Sustainable Tourism Conference.

So I come to you today in acknowledgement of

your expertise, but I'm also coming to you today with

my own expertise and I'm delighted to answer whatever

questions you have for me as well as share my

understanding of our community.

I love our community. I'm passionate about

our community. And it was a delight to dedicate my

knowledge and also my growth in knowledge of working

on my Master's to work with our home community here of

Canoe Creek to do research.

But, this said, I wasn't alone in talking

about tourism. Tourism has been part of the

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4331

conversation, has been part of the discussion and part

of the planning for a very long time.

Now, when you look around, you may not be

able to see that because that might be your

interpretation of what you expect tourism to look

like.

And today I'm here to help you understand our

perspective of what tourism looks like and, in fact,

show you that our perspective matches a market demand.

So, in short, I'm here to say we have a plan,

there's a market demand, and we're here to stand.

Thank you.

So what I handed out today, and hopefully

everybody got a copy. It's Canoe Creek First Nation

Tourism Development, Assets and Opportunities. And I

also have an accompanying PowerPoint presentation.

It's mostly images. I understand you've had a chance

to take a walkabout in our territory, and you can see

how beautiful it truly is. Again, I'm very passionate

about that as well. And that's not just because I'm a

community member. I've also had the opportunity to

work abroad and see what is going on elsewhere.

I've worked and lived and contributed to the

Tourism Strategy for the City Hall of Cannes in

France, in Quebec City, in Ottawa, in Montreal, in

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4332

Central America, and the list goes on.

So again, I'm coming here with that

perspective.

But in here, what I have in this 18-page

document is basically a very brief summary. And

again, understanding that I can go all academic on

you, but I'm not going to today, nor did I have the

time to go through in depth detail of what exact

studies back every single claim that I'm making there

are. And, if you want, I can respond in kind as well

about how this all goes. Because we're going to be

using terms like "viewscapes" and "market demand" and

"product market match" as well as different types of

tourists who are out there.

And all of this is substantiated. I'm not

just talking through the top of my hat, so I just want

to make that clear.

But, again, understanding that this is not

about Aboriginal tourism. I'm not an evangelist for

Aboriginal tourism. I'm here as a community member to

say, with my knowledge and understanding, our

community is in the process of being involved in

tourism and it is not a fast process, it's a

deliberate process, and it's a process in growth, in

discussion, and in the making.

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4333

And it's not a discussion that just popped

up. It's a discussion that's been going on. And if

you open to the very first page after the Table of

Contents, you'll see that as far back as 1994, we have

included tourism as a part of its community planning.

And it's probably going farther back than

that, but that's what I was able to grab at that point

in time. So it's been over a decade. In fact it's

been basically 16 years.

And at a tribal level, since 2001, there has

been strong activity looking at what are the

opportunities, what are the threats, what are the

possibilities, and what are the assets that we have

available?

So in 2001, the Northern Secwepemc

Te Quelmucw, or also at that time known as the Cariboo

Tribal Council, they undertook a number of economic

development studies as well as Tourism Study. And the

Tourism Study came out in September 2003, and we are

very fortunate and delighted that that was conducted

by the University College of the Cariboo, which is now

known as the Thomson Rivers University.

And at a community level, I was delighted to

step on board in 2005 to further that discussion, to

say to our community, we know this and this, or we

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4334

understand this and this, but, really, what are your

thoughts and feelings on this?

And before I get into that, there's one line

that I always like to talk about. That comes from a

Former Chief, Leah George Wilson of the Tseil Waututh

Nation. If you're familiar with the tooth Nation, you

know that they are formerly known as the "Burrard

Band" located on the Indian Arm, on Indian Arm, so

right in the Deep Cove area, so very much an urban

setting with beautiful wealth of natural assets as

well as a very strong mainstream influence.

But they are very clear that they want to

present their own story. And they are also very clear

and they understand that if they don't, somebody else

will step in and do it for them.

So it's about preserving their voice,

preserving their land, preserving their story, and

celebrating their culture.

So we need to tell our own story.

So, again, you've had a chance to have a

gander around in our territory. In this report, I did

indicate a very quick snapshot of the wealth of the

natural environment around us. We have Churn Creek

across the way, which is a protected area.

We have a plethora of parks and natural

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4335

preserved habitat around us.

We know that -- I could have gone -- again, I

had to pick and choose here. I could have gone on

about the endangered species list.

I could have gone on about what those

opportunities are.

But I felt my job today was to really focus

on the story of tourism.

But you have a quick snapshot about where we

are situated and you can understand that we are a gem.

We are a gem with impeccable viewscapes. A

"viewscape" is just a fancy tourism word to say "what

we see". And in that viewscape, it's not obscured by

power lines or garbage dumps or anything like that. I

mean, we have agricultural activity going on, but it's

part of the charm and the draw of this area. And it

has been for over a century.

So I'm just going to sort of walk you through

to give you a refresher on some of the beautiful

things that Claire was talking about, about our

natural plant harvesting. You can see some of the

Sage Brush there.

And there was a question about, well, when

did we come, you know, when were we here, when did we

come from the other side of the river. Well, we kind

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4336

of been everywhere. And we leave our mark. And we

tell stories to say that there's something here, that

it's special, that it's unique. And we want to be

here.

And those are the sorts of things that are

very precious and important to us. But they are also

very precious and important to an important

demographic or important set of travellers from around

the world, be them international, from Australia, New

Zealand, where they have already their own

understanding of what is Aborigeny or Indigenous or

Maori, and so they are curious to learn about the

local Indigenous Peoples of Canada, or they are

Europeans absolutely curious understanding that the

stereotypes that they have heard about by the writers

such as Carl May out of Germany who just totally

invented the story about us. They know it's wrong.

But nonetheless, they are intrigued. And, no, they're

no longer looking for the noble savage, but they are

looking to meet people who are still very connected to

the land.

There are six distinct Aboriginal cultural

product markets:

There's the Aboriginal heritage market;

The Aboriginal events and festival market;

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The Aboriginal nature-based market;

Aboriginal arts and handicrafts and

Cultural market;

Aboriginal sports cultural market;

And the Aboriginal cuisine market.

In the handout that I gave you, in the back

of it, I do actually go on about what are the

interests, if you want to flip to it, I'm sorry to get

you jumping around, but if you want to flip to it on

page 10, all the way through to page, let me just see,

13, no, 15, pardon me, you get the idea of what are

the examples of the products.

Let's just pick one. Because I have the

events and festivals. And what do those, what does

that look like? Well, Pow Wows, themed community

events, craft sales, music festivals, expanded

national Aboriginal day celebrations and sporting

events.

And just right next door to it, for the

cuisine market, I mean cuisine, everybody loves to

eat. Going back to, we talked about the wild

harvested plants, people also, not only do they wish

to connect to the people of the land so that they may

connect to the land, a really easy way for them to do

it is to break bread, so to speak, with the people of

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4338

the land, and taste, how to taste of the land. And

that's very important. Whether it's slathering some

albeit somewhat now drier Saskatoon berry jam on some

bannock, but it's about tasting that, those tastes of

the land or being into, or buying some, you know.

You have some value-added products. For

example, we see down the way out of Siska First

Nation, they have done a great job of creating that

value added by the wild harvesting of the wild rose,

of the sage, of the cedar, of even the arnica flower,

and producing that into teas and medicines and salves

and soaps in a way that people are delighted. Because

not only do they want to experience here in the

process of being here having a taste of the land, they

also want to bring something home so that they can

share that with the people that they are going home

to.

And, again, you've had a chance to go for a

gander. I don't know if you got over to the Canoe

Creek side. But our logo of our community, our

communities, I should say, pardon me, is of this

Chief's Head, because we do acknowledge our connection

to the land. We do acknowledge that our ancestors

have been here before. And, yes, we do go back and

forth across the river, but we do acknowledge the

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4339

landmarks and the places that are special throughout

the territory.

In speaking with various members of

leadership over the years, in speaking with community

members, in speaking with band staff, it's clear why

we are working towards being involved in tourism.

And it's something that you'll hear quite

often, you'll hear about the retention and the

revitalization of culture.

Very importantly, because you're out in the

land, the bulk of the type of products and services

that our community is interested in getting involved

in is taking us out into the land. They are the

backcountry wilderness, outdoor recreation, cultural

tourism experiences.

So in doing that, we are getting into our

territory, which means we are exercising control over

our traditional territory.

Of course it's about economic development.

It's about inviting people to bring in outside revenue

streams, very much, but it's not the sole focus of why

we get into tourism.

And I know many other community products that

are out there that are successful, but their primary

goal is not economic development. It is definitely

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4340

part of the component. It's equal at the table. And

I can give you a fantastic example, of U'Mista

Cultural Centre in Alert Bay. Because that U'Mista

Cultural Centre, it was first and foremost about

repatriating their sacred ancestral items and having a

house for it so they can share it with their

community. But they also realized the importance of

the value and the empowerment of sharing their story

with people outside of their community so that people

outside of their community could challenge their own

perspective and have a greater depth of understanding

of other world viewpoints.

In addition, we have, of course, a great draw

for us in this community is, with tourism development,

particularly the types that we're looking at by and

large, it's compatible with nature. It's the forest

industry resources that's not about clearcutting a

place and then waiting how many decades for it to

regenerate, but it being able to keep that stand of

trees, keep that particular area relatively pristine.

I mean, don't get me wrong, there is impacts

through tourism, after all, I just did speak about it

a year ago at an international symposium, so we do

know there is impacts. But comparatively to other

opportunities that we have, it is compatible with what

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4341

we want, as well as the values of our community. We

are not a closed-door community. Just the fact that

there is a store and a gas station there tells you

that our doors are open. The fact that we start off

with signage declaring that you're coming into our

territory tells you that our doors are open and we

welcome people here.

But we're also welcoming them in a way to say

we welcome you and we ask that you embrace and respect

where you're coming to. It's our home.

So the Coles Notes version of what I can pull

from here is, and it's so funny to write about "they"

but it's "us", but I didn't want to make it "us and

them," but, you know, we're interested in all the

areas of Aboriginal cultural tourism, and again, this

18-page report that I'm not going to take the time to

go through, will demonstrate how in each and every

area. And I've done a preliminary match between what

was the brainstorming of our sessions with a good

cross-section of our community members and put it

together and matched it with what we know are the six

major products that are of the most interest to the

traveller who is interested in the Aboriginal tourism

experience.

And, again, it comes back to what's very

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4342

important to the traveller as much as ourselves about

sharing and showcasing elements of our culture.

And you just had a fantastic example about

that with our delightful Elders, Clara and David,

sharing about their knowledge of the land.

I wish you could have had time to sit with

them and, you know, in certain places, you can

facilitate that, where people are able to get into the

storytelling.

We had some lovely stories from David talking

about his fishing. And there's something in there

that people connect with. They remember. And you

know, as he's talking, I was giggling inside, because

his four-year-old and three-year-old perspective of

the trout was "this big", there is this adult man

doing "this big", but probably the scale is of

little-boy arms of about that big. But it engages

you, it tells you a story, it reminds you of the

connection to the land, the honouring that we do.

I'm sorry that it's not as clear as I'd like

it to be for you guys here, but, again, it's just to

give you a reminder that I'm used to being in the four

walls of this gymnasium, and I'm just reminding you of

what you are surrounded by today.

I know that yesterday you had Phyllis, well,

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4343

in my heart she's still Phyllis Jack, but I'm

honouring her marriage, Phyllis Webstad presented

yesterday about the Fraser River journey, the film, as

well as about rafting. And rafting is indeed one of

the tourism opportunities that is coming through our

territory at this point in time. But it's not the

only opportunity that's there, but it's one of the

ways that you get started.

We are a small community. And I'm sure

you're very aware of our demographics as far as the

six hundred and whatever in total population or is it

seven hundred and whatever now? I don't know. But

it's between six hundred and seven hundred in total

band population. Roughly half on Reserve.

So, you know, we are interested in developing

tourism. We are working towards it. It's just not

going to happen at the speed that you may expect,

because we are also inclusive. We take the time to

discuss and move forward. And it may have been a

number of years since there's been movement, but none

the less, we are moving towards something.

We are making decisions. And, in fact,

something I'd like to bring to your attention is what

I've been working on right now with the current Band

Council and with the current band staff is bringing

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4344

back those conversations to the community of reminding

them this is what we've discussed, this is how far

we've gotten to date on tourism. And some of these

things are pretty outrageous and crazy as far as the

ideas. But we weren't there. I wasn't there to

stifle some child's idea that a waterslide was a good

idea. I thought it was a fantastic idea. Maybe not

suitable to where we are located but that was

something that they wanted to share and bring forward,

so we kept it in. But when you look overall, when you

take the time to look at this wee representation of

our thought process around tourism, you'll see

something that says we really want to do things that

are in with the demand of people wanting nature-based

experience with value added.

People come to Canada, people come to British

Columbia, people come from other regions of British

Columbia to the Cariboo-Chilcotin because of its

unique beauty.

People come here because they know that it is

the land of the cowboy and the Indian. They know that

it is the land of the Sage Brush. And if you're not

careful, there's some snakes around there, too. But

they also know that there's a lot of things going on

in there. And they are also coming for these

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4345

wonderful viewscapes. They are coming not to see a

power line. They are coming to take in the

mountainside. They are coming to take in what they

are getting away from.

They have enough viewscapes with power lines

in their own backyard irregardless of whether they are

in Ladner or in London, England, they don't want to

see that.

And, in fact it goes all the way to the place

of appreciation to the place where we have Hollywood

films showing up at our doorstep with the

"13th Warrior", the Antonio Banderas movie, or we had

"The Thaw" with Val Kilmer. Why did they come here?

They came here because they didn't have to spend how

many hours in the edit suite editing out stuff that

didn't belong in the era that they were shooting for.

So I'm not here to go on and on about the

market demand. There's lots of information out there

about it. But what I can tell you, what I've noticed,

the pattern that has emerged and will always remain,

probably forever here in Canada, is there is a very

healthy, affluent, educated, demographic in British

Columbia, in Canada, in the United States, in Europe,

in South Pacific, who are interested and motivated to

have Aboriginal tourism experiences.

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But they want to do that in a location where

it's celebrating as well the nature wonders. They are

celebrating the backcountry and the wilderness.

And the one thing that has come just recently

that I was very delighted about, the last study that I

was involved in was the primary European market

demand. The primary European markets are Britain,

Great Britain, Germany and France. Great Britain,

Germany and France, the shift of the -- the first

study that I was involved with in 1996 to today is

they know that they have a very skewed image about us.

They know that they have a romanticized image about

us.

That doesn't mean that they want to see our

back yards full of our own personal, how do we say,

parts supply of vehicles, but that's not where we're

going to take them anyways.

I mean, our community and our members know

that that's not the place that they are looking to

showcase. They are looking to showcase those places

that we have kept and that we are looking after. And

those part lots, we'll call them, they are around

here, but they are not everywhere.

And, again, but the people want to come here,

they want to have that experience of that connection,

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4347

of that backcountry outdoor adventure, whether it's

rafting, hiking, cross-country skiing, walking,

ethno-botanical tours, which is a fancy way of saying

"Clara is walking you down the natural garden path to

introduce you to the plant species and our medicinal

uses of it". It means people coming here, but to have

that experience, and to learn and to undo the

stereotype that has been reinforced through Hollywood,

that's been reinforced through the books and through

the images for the centuries.

But they also know that they want to hear

directly from us. They want to know that the

invitation is coming from us.

They want to know that we're, we, as

community members, are not being put-upon.

And that goes back to the fact that the same

people who are interested to coming to Canoe Creek are

the same people who are going to Thailand, to South

Africa, to east Africa, to Guatemala. And they know,

and they can tell, when they are not really invited

into a space.

And they can tell when they are being, they

are putting upon somebody as they tromp through their

house, their hut in Africa or in Guatemala, but they

also can know when they are getting a genuine

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4348

invitation, a first-hand invitation for a first-hand

introduction to the territory and the people and the

culture of the land.

I would like to conclude by saying I've had

the delight of challenging many a perspective in my

time about Aboriginal tourism and how we develop. And

two years ago I had what you would call an A list of

media on what we call a media fam tour, a media

familiarization tour, which means they are reporters

who have been invited to come on a trip. We're not

paying them to be there. This is their own volition.

It's their opportunity to experience. They are

bombarded by invitations. They came. They had a

reach into China, into Germany, into vast pockets of

the all important American market. And we blew their

socks off. We didn't come to this exact territory,

but we were up the way. We were up the way at

Xat'sull. And I would like to acknowledge Bev

Sellars, the Chief there, and the hard work that her

and her community, and in fact her family members have

done to share their land, their culture, their

connection, on their terms.

And they do that in a really interesting way.

And there's not all sorts of infrastructure. They

just added to the infrastructure, but there's not all

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4349

sorts of infrastructure like you would imagine.

But people come. And when I brought people

there, basically it looked like an empty field with a

cliff down to the Fraser River with some tepees. And

people are like, "There's tepees," and, like, "Yeah,

got your attention". Now I explain to you why you

walk past the traditional lodging, that quiggly over

to the right here, the pit house, and why would they

put up tepees, because they got your attention, and

then they can explain to you about how things are

really. And I think that's really important.

I also think we heard our Elder Dave Archie

speak about old lady Spitlum, the Elder, grandmother

Spitlum.

There are stories, there are stories to be

told, there is history, there's beautiful amazing rich

history that we haven't had a chance to celebrate.

And I would like to bring to your attention

something else. Another recent documentary that was

just completed, Canyon Wars. Canyon Wars is about

Chief Spitlum. And it's about the Litton First

Nation. And as Rose Charlie, Elder from Chehalis

First Nation refers to them, the "gold-diggers'

arrival". And it's about how there was choices made

by a certain American and that young Chief that

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4350

basically was a pinnacle point of British Columbia

being just absolutely invaded and absorbed into the

United States or forging forward to be what it is

today.

There are stories here in this community and

we have identified places of historical and cultural

interest here. Are all the stories out there? Are

all the stories even for public consumption? No and

no. But there are stories that are important to our

community and to Canada, and even to the world, that

we would like to share. We would like to have that

opportunity to share. And how we tell our stories is

through our connection to the land. And through our

land that is in relatively pristine condition. That

you can show, like as I started off, you can show the

petroglyphs and the pictographs, you can show the

fishing rocks, you can show Chief's Head, you can show

that in a way that reminds people that we know who we

are and we have a story to tell.

And there are organizations that exist

exactly for that purpose. And another name that I'd

like to make sure is noted for the record is, we

talked about Chief Spintlum and "Canyon War", but I

would also like to talk about New Pathways to Gold

Society. New Pathways to Gold Society is about

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4351

telling the stories of the Gold Rush corridor. And

Canoe Creek, Dog Creek, this area is an area that we

know that there are untapped stories, just as our

community members know that there's untapped stories,

history and places of geographical and historical

importance that we'd like to bring forward.

And New Pathways to Gold is successful and

exists for the sole fact that there is reams of

stories and history not being told that put us on the

map literally and figuratively.

And I hope that we will have that opportunity

to share it in a way that honours our ancestors and

honours our ways.

(Aboriginal Language Spoken).

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Ms. Kooy, for

sharing with us a tremendous enthusiasm for First

Nations tourism. And I think we might have a few

questions.

But I'll turn to Taseko first of all to see

if they have any.


MR. BELL-IRVING: We have more than a few, I'm

afraid.

Again, to repeat what the Chairman said,

appreciate the enthusiasm and the passion around a

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4352

very exciting opportunity and future.

A question I would ask you to consider is,

we've heard yesterday, and again today, of plans for

tourism, plans for sharing your connection to the

land.

We also heard reference to a context in which

that happens is absent development, absent power

lines, absent the use of the land by others. We think

of that in terms of trails and bikes and all the

things that we've seen and heard.

How does your Aboriginal tourism market

strategy reconcile the reality that out there, there's

many people, and growing numbers of people accessing

the land, accessing the territory? How do those two

come together?

MS. R. KOOY: That's why we're here today.

That's why this discussion is happening within our own

community. And that's why we're looking within

ourselves for answers as well as to other communities.

You know, tourism is not something that

hopped on the map. We know that, yes, it was Thomas

Cook who basically got the mass tourism happening over

in England way back when, but we also understand that

there is very many types of niche tourism. And in

fact, I really embrace and enjoy the freedom that we

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4353

have in this day and age to target very specific niche

markets who understand what we offer, who connect with

what we offer, and can't wait to enjoy what we offer.

And it takes planning.

It takes very distinct promotion.

I basically wrote a thesis proposal around

that, "Why did I come here?", in 2005 was to say we

have limited resources as in people in dollars, we

have unlimited possibility of what we can do with our

assets. But certain opportunities about what we do

with our assets will negate others. So let's be clear

within the community as to what we wish to do, what

makes sense. But, not making up our mind in the dark,

but making up our mind as to what the traveller is

interested in. And I don't just mean every traveller.

We're not looking to attract everybody here.

We heard time and again about our fragile

ecosystem. We heard time and again about the impacts

that was happening. I'm aware of that. I'm not

working in a bubble. I'm working in the reality that

no matter what we do, people are coming, just as Chief

Leah George-Wilson said, no matter what happens,

people are going to tell the story, the story's going

to get out. Are we going to take control of the

story? Are we going to take control of the

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4354

development and who we partner in?

We can make very judicious choices about who

we partner in with as far as attracting the markets

that we wish in who understand and respect our value

system.

Yes, there's always going to be, anywhere we

go, a certain subculture of what I love to call them

in very academic terms, "yahoos," but at the same

time, we also have swathes of interested people from

the region. Because you start always off with from

the region. Your bread and butter is from the region.

Then you span out to the province, to the country, and

then to your next-door neighbour, et cetera,

et cetera.

And there are, and I actually, just for your

own edification, I did bring along a short summary

prepared by the University of Northern British

Columbia on a very quick snapshot as to what I was

referring to as far as the various interested parties,

the various interested markets in Aboriginal tourism

product and what they are looking for.

So absolutely it's not something you just

barge into. But that's why I'm sitting here today,

that's why I'm the passionate woman that I am today.

And I also know that all the successful

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4355

businesses that I've seen built in the community

level, discussions went on for a long time. And

building was slow. And things started off small. But

they built all the way up to where they wanted to go.

Whatever that looked like. Because, you know what, we

may have an interest in building a resort, but when we

get to it and we look at it in the face really and

truly, we may decide that's not really for us. But

we're not in that place of, I do not, I cannot tell

you that we've got the investors and the partnerships

into what we are going to do exactly over the next 10

years, but we're very aware that there are

opportunities and assets at our fingertips and we're

looking at them closely.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Thank you. We saw pictures

and evidence of cultural features such as the

petroglyph the, we heard yesterday and many times in

our visits to the communities, of reference to sacred

sites and secret sacred sites shrouded in

confidentialities.

Based on my travels around the world and

viewing cultural features like the pyramids and the

like, I assume that those features have some

attraction to tourism, to the public, the non-Native

communities.

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4356

How do you, again, see those sites, those

secret sacred sites on the one hand being exposed and

able to teach and to educate non-Native communities,

how do you see that being protected and yet being of

value in tourism?

MS. R. KOOY: I just want to be clear that

I did not offer Rod a bribe to ask me that question.

Because I have written at a policy level for the

Federal Department of Canadian Heritage on traditional

knowledge and tourism. And I literally start off with

talking about sacred and secret and what can be

shared. I also speak to that regularly on French CBC

Radio about providing insight into who we are as First

Nations People from across Canada but also what we

wish to share and some things that are just, we're not

comfortable.

At the same time, with my work with

Aboriginal Tourism Association of British Columbia,

we're also aware of certain ceremonies in certain

places from region to region from First Nation to

First Nation, again, calling over to and recognizing

Chief Bev Sellars, Kukwpi7 Bev Sellars, in the room

today, they have their own decisions and protocols of

what they wish to share and they are comfortable in

sharing with non-community members and so what they

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4357

will and will not share. And what they will and will

not share in those protocols aren't necessarily the

same as what we will and will not share.

And with my time at Aboriginal Tourism

British Columbia and what they are carrying on today,

is helping communities determine and work within and

acknowledge the differences.

There's over 200 distinct First Nation

communities in British Columbia, of which there's over

57-odd distinct groups. We're the most diverse group

of First Nations in Canada represented in this

province.

Of the language groups, we're seven of the

language core, so there's 12 language route roots,

seven of those language roots are found in BC. Again,

it tells you about the diversity, it tells you again

that is many distinct perspectives, world views.

We have differing world views amongst First

Nations.

And we respect that amongst ourselves and

it's at times that we don't, we take the time, time to

figure it out. Sometimes it might not be pretty but

we're still going to take the time to figure it out.

And that's also the heart of the work that I do as a

consultant and it's the heart of the work that I did

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4358

at an association level, nationally, provincially, and

here in Canoe Creek First Nation.

MR. BELL-IRVING: My last question, if I may,

is to, without asking you to probe into your resource

behind this document, help me, paint a picture for me

to help me understand where in this community tourism

sits today on a spectrum both in terms of perhaps

where was it 10 years ago, where is it today, and

where do you see it being in 10 years from now both

from a, you know, an activity perspective and also as

a source of revenue, which you mentioned is one of the

values and one of the assets associated with tourism?

MS. R. KOOY: I am not a leader of this

community. I'm a community member, and -- but what I

can tell you of the shifts and changes that happen in

this community, is from starting these conversations,

or reinforcing these conversations, I should say,

because, I mean, these conversations are going on long

before I was around, probably long before I was even

born. I mean, go back to the Gold Rush. Go back to

the various roads that were here and the stopping

houses.

I mean, it goes on, it goes back far.

And there was that welcoming that happened.

But where we're going to go and where can we

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4359

go? That's up to the community.

But what I can say is the community founded

an economic development corporation. And the

difference between before when I was starting this out

and today with having an economic development

corporation, albeit it's still getting its feet under

itself and things are still sorting itself out,

because you know it takes a bit and then again it goes

back to resources, we're a small rural remote

community. We're not 10,000 members like the six

Nations of the Grand River, we are not location,

location, location, like Chief Leah George-Wilson, or

with the Tsleil Waututh, or the Squamish Nation in

West Vancouver, but we are moving forward. It may not

look the way you think it should look. It may not

seem to be the way it needs to be. But again it goes

back to what we're doing. And it goes back to it's a

matter of shifts and changes.

We also know that, or I know, that a lot of

the tourism businesses that happen start off as micro

mom and pop organizations. There's also a, you know,

I was brought on board through this Chief and Council

and Band administration to go back to look at an

overall planning and preparation for economic

development as well as the community. Because tourism

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4360

is not in isolation. Tourism is, goes forward as does

the health of the community.

And, as I like to say, you'd have to be

confident and clear and rooted in who you are before

you can go forward and express to others. And if

you're not there, and we are there, we're getting

there. You saw that pride. You saw that strength in

our drummers and singers today. You saw the gathering

of a good cross-section of our community here today to

support what's being shared today.

So there is movement and there's opportunity.

Is it going to go the way that you would see the

lightening speed in other areas of the province? No.

But it's on our terms.

Is there any other questions?

If you don't, if you permit, I'd like to

finish by offering you, I'd like to finish by offering

perspective, a challenge to perspective through a joke

that I was told by a good friend of mine from the

northern territories, from the Northwest Territories.

So with your permission, it will just take a minute.

THE CHAIRMAN: That will be fine, but we

haven't finished with you, because we have some

questions ourselves.

MS. R. KOOY: Well, then, I'm sorry, chair,

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4361

I invite you to.

THE CHAIRMAN: Let me just check with my

colleagues first of all. Bill, did you have?


MR. KLASSEN: You mentioned that you were

beginning the tourism enterprise with rafting trips?

MS. R. KOOY: No, I didn't say that we were

beginning with that. I suggested that. And there has

been talks. And as you've heard from Phyllis Jack,

they have been in conversations and it's been

something that's been ongoing for a while. It's

something that came up in 2005. It's something that's

still coming up. And those opportunities.

They are active in rafting in getting our

youth out on to the land and sharing. And, in fact,

it was one of the things that really helped me. I was

not raised here in Canoe Creek. I was raised off

Reserve, but it really helped me connect to the

community and really honour my family members, the

community members who live on Reserve and what they

value. Because, you know, when you go through and you

see Phyllis organize it so we have experts on the

flora and fauna geography, geology of the land,

professors from a post-secondary level on the rafts

with the youth and ourselves and the Elders and such

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4362

all together.

When you hear things like this is, you know,

one of the few intact special grasslands in the world

outside of, the only other place similar is Mongolia,

you go, cool, wow! Or this is the only place where

you find blah-blah-blah, spotted bat, you know, like,

interesting, cool. I may not have a great

appreciation for that spotted bat, but I could

understand the importance it has to this ecosystem.

MR. KLASSEN: Thank you. The market

segment that would be attracted to rafting trips when

those do get going, what would be the effect on them

of rafting of a river underneath a power line

crossing?

MS. R. KOOY: I don't think that they are

looking to see power lines. They are being attracted

to this region to see the beauty of the area.

And travelling in, just that, it just, power

lines, how they look.

And it's not even just the rafting. You have

in front of you discussions and brainstorming

conversations about other possibilities and identified

areas of potential sharing for tours or for horseback

riding, whatever. So basically from where I can

understand it, and I haven't had the opportunity to

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4363

sit there with a magnifying glass and place and map

out all the areas of tourism development, nor can you

take this as -- this is a conversation. I mean, this

is an in-depth conversation, but this is a

conversation, a workshop, a consultation that we held

to identify areas of potential development. And they

are spread throughout the territory. Could you

imagine being in a fantastic place -- and again, I

don't know, I don't know exactly, and we could do

tests if you want, but Tsik -- pardon me, it's Tsek7.

Tsek7, the historical village that's on the hillside

above -- very top -- above -- between Canoe Creek and

Dog Creek, it's got heritage buildings there.

And you find a huge focus point on that in

this little 18-page document that I prepared for you.

I don't know, but can it, is it visible, the

power line from, from there?

The place that it is, the viewpoints that you

have from there are so spectacular, it would take

away.

To go underneath it, again, we talked about

vegetation, we know that the hunting, we know there's

other opportunities we have identified, we have

hunting and fishing going through we know. And I've

seen success in other areas of the country, where

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4364

outfit, and I even have my own young relative who is a

good, well, good, he's a great hunting guide. And

there is hunting happening in our territory.

There is the fishing happening in their

territory.

So again, I don't have every answer, but I

would like to say you can't -- the effects are there.

We talked about overall as far as our own livelihood

and well-being and how we go back to the land to get

our resources, but it's also resources that we can use

to expand out into to some part and, to a good degree,

economic development.

And, in fact, in northern Ontario, their

primary Aboriginal tourism development is hunting and

fishing. It's outfitting.

I don't have the statistical numbers in front

of me to go off at you about this for fishers coming

in and hunters coming in, but it's still there. And

it's still an opportunity that we'd like to preserve.

We don't want that, I wouldn't say taken away, but

greatly affected.

If you had a choice between going through a

fairly disturbed area or fairly pristine area, what

are you interested in going to?

People travel great lengths to go to the

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4365

Nahanni River, it's one of the wild rivers. Well, we

have beautiful places here as well. We would like to

keep it that way.

THE CHAIRMAN: Nalaine.

MS. MORIN: I just have a couple of

questions for you.

Have you been able to develop any estimates

for the volume of tourism opportunities that are being

considered for this community? Or can you provide a

general estimate of the economic contribution these

types of tourism experiences can contribute to First

Nations communities?

MS. R. KOOY: So you're looking for an

estimate of numbers and an estimate of revenue

generation.

No and no.

But at the same time, we're not working in a

bubble, as I said earlier. With the preliminary work

that I have done here with our community, it was to

have a conversation, again, to brainstorm, about what,

where are our assets, where are our opportunities,

where are the places of development?

But it was also in looking at what we know as

a best research out there as far as market demand.

Have I finalled it down to the dollars and

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4366

cents exactly? No, but could I do that? Yes. Could

I do that today, no. If you want me to do it, I'm

sure I could do that for you. And I could look at the

various scenarios of development.

Very specific things that we haven't had a

chance to do that has been in the books, if you will,

as far as discussion point, is even just tracking who

is coming through to fill up and grub up in our local

store.

It's a simple step. It's a step that we want

to get to. But, again, it goes back to where we're

at. It may not happen in the way that we would like

to in the sense that our time lines might not be

ideal, but we're still moving forward, we're still

having discussion and we're still looking and

planning.

Are we where we'd like to be today? No, but

we are moving forward.

So, yes, there is interest and that's why I

think I handed it to their chair about the market

demand. Just as to allude to what those opportunities

are, they are very concrete. I can tell you for a

fact that I did do exactly what you're talking about

as far as the dollars and cents of economic impact for

the entire country. And at the time, in 2000, I think

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4367

it was 2002 when we came out with that, it was

$270 million.

And the rest of the numbers, I don't have

them at my fingertips, but we did do the economic

impact of Aboriginal tourism:

What constituted, where was the majority of

the tourism businesses?

What were they in?

What were they doing?

What services were they providing?

What were the general gross revenue that they

were bringing in?

It was all there.

It also took time and a great deal of money

to do that.

We also have that same snapshot of -- through

the Aboriginal Tourism Association of British

Columbia, they took a snapshot of interest as well as

of people from away, not in Canada or not in British

Columbia, experience, but they also did, if you will,

exit surveys of people, what they are looking for. So

was this what they were looking for?

And also the economic impact is that as well.

So those areas are there. Would I love to do

that? Absolutely. I think it's an important step.

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4368

THE CHAIRMAN: Well, just a question here

for planning. I know that we have some lunch.

Nalaine and I both have some questions yet. We're

quite prepared to proceed if that's not a problem for

those who are preparing lunch. It sounds like it's

not a problem. So let's continue then.

Nalaine.

Other than we'll be getting hungry, but I

think we can manage.

MS. MORIN: So without providing an

estimate, in your opinion, can you say that it will

provide a positive economic contribution to this

community?

MS. R. KOOY: Absolutely. Whoa, that's

really loud.

Yes.

MS. MORIN: In your opinion, how much

would the proposed transmission line detract from this

potential economic value?

MS. R. KOOY: I believe that there will be

impact. I guess part of the difficulty that I had in

preparing for today was, you know, just as I just had

referred to the economic impact study for Canada, you

know, that took a year-and-a-half to do, just to

gather the level of data that we needed, primary and

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4369

secondary research. I would need to literally go to

these places and look at and also what exactly are we

developing and how and what, you know, is the

infrastructure that we plan on putting in a certain

area going to affect the view line? Probably.

There's certain areas that I looked at, again, at a

cursory level because that was what time allowed me to

do.

But nonetheless, I know that when you're

talking about horseback riding, you know, there's a

type of backcountry soft adventure that travellers are

looking for, and, again, you're looking at the scope

of the area of where they can go and the areas of

interest.

And again, many of those areas of interest

are listed. There is obviously going to be a

cross-section, well, there is going to be a

cross-section of where they are going to be in and

around those viewscapes where they are going to be in

and around those transmission lines.

And, again, if they aren't directly there, it

means it's also taking away those opportunities and

those choices that we're currently looking at.

But I think, you know, when you're going

certain places, it's not -- you know, and you're

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4370

attracted to, again, it's part of the reason why I

showed these slides with the viewscapes that we

currently have. They are not filled up with, even

telephone lines, you know, there's only certain areas

where you have telephone lines.

It's, again going back to that referral of

just take the examples of just bringing one Hollywood

film to do so many days of filming in our territory,

what that brings to our communities.

You know, that's another aspect. It may not

be tourism directly, but it still brings an interest

to it.

So, again, does that answer your question?

MS. MORIN: Yes, thank you. I just have

one more question.

Will Aboriginal tourism, this type of

economic activity, have an impact on Canoe Creek's

ability to continue practising their traditional

rights or impact their cultural heritage?

MS. R. KOOY: From what I've seen and

witnessed across the country and other parts of the

world, when Aboriginal People are in control, and for

me, Aboriginal tourism is defined as the

owner/operator of the business, is First Nation

status, non-status, Metis, or Inuit, from what I have

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4371

witnessed first hand and I've witnessed it in every

single province and every single territory, first-hand

tourism product, I have always felt that it was, there

was positive impact.

Going back to U'mista Cultural Centre, going

back to the opportunity that people have to stay at

home.

Part of why I'm so passionate about tourism

is it gives people the opportunity to stay home and

not have to live off Reserve and live away from their

family to earn their living.

It also gives an opportunity, as I stated

earlier, to be able to share your story. You have to

be rooted in your story. If you're not rooted in who

you are, in your culture and the land and the people,

you're going to get knocked around and it's not going

to be good. So you won't be successful.

If you are rooted in who you are, where you

come from, and what you're doing, you're going to tell

a good story and you're also going to have a good

experience to share and you're going to thrive as a

tourism operator.

I've yet to see negative effects in Canada.

I have heard and seen and read and researched

about negative effects in other places around the

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4372

world. By and large it's because the control is

outside of the hands of the Indigenous People in

question.

MS. MORIN: Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. A few questions.

I guess the first question is related to the

relationship you may or may not have or the community

may or may not have with the Province of B.C. and the

tourism industry in general.

I wondered to what extent the Province might

have created this area as a priority area? Does such

a thing exist in B.C. where they identify certain

areas as say a priority area for tourism? Is that

something that is contemplated in this province?

MS. R. KOOY: That's the wheels turning.

I do know that at this time, there is a very

strong partnership between the Aboriginal Tourism

Association of British Columbia and the Province of

British Columbia and now what was formerly Tourism

British Columbia has now gone directly under the

provincial authority of the Ministry of Tourism. I

think it's Tourism Sports and the Arts, or at least

that was the last name of it before the, before the

Olympics.

And I do know that they really understand and

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4373

they support the growth throughout the Province

through the vehicles that the Aboriginal Tourism

Association is offering. In fact, they matched

dollars to that in the area of $5 million for that

development.

I also do know that priority area, as far as

development is concerned, but not as in regions is

concerned, but as development, is what they are, has

been on the books for a while, and I don't know where

it is at this moment, but a year ago, six months ago,

was about looking at those partnerships around resort

development.

That, again, does not mean that it's a

primary focus, but I do know you understand that

Whistler did not come into existence on its own.

Whistler came into existence through major provincial

support.

And they understand that to develop certain

areas there's major support.

The Province and, in fact, the Federal

Government through western economic diversification,

by and large, has given major support to this area all

the way down from Hope up to Quesnel through the New

Pathways to Gold Society and the tourism development

to develop this whole corridor as a destination in and

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4374

of itself.

So is it specifically Provincial Government?

No. But there is that interest there, and you do see

that, and you have seen that focus through for example

when we celebrated the 150 of some people, say Simon

Fraser floating down the river accompanied by our

ancestors. That's one perspective but there are other

perspectives too. But in any case, there is interest

here and it has been happening and I in fact was part

of that over the past seven months with New Pathways

to Gold and Western Economic Diversification support

to look at what are those stories out there.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. I guess what's

behind my question, I'm trying to reconcile, on the

one hand, we have a very specific proposal that is

quite advanced before us, and we have on the other

hand some plans for tourism. And I'm wondering, I

guess, to what extent, and maybe you have experience

in this, but are you aware of any situations in

British Columbia where restrictions have been placed

on specific projects because of a concern about lost

opportunities for the tourism industry?

MS. KOOY: It's not something that I

specifically researched, so I'm going to have to say

that it's something I would need to look into.

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4375

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. I guess a final

question. The proposal before us has talked about

building a transmission line and then decommissioning

it roughly 20, 25 years, in that range, after the

Project would be completed.

Again, in terms of planning, would something

like that, if that were to occur, be something that,

again, would reconcile the kind of concerns that you

might have if that in fact did occur?

MS. KOOY: I'm sorry, I don't understand

the point that you're trying to make. Can you please

try it a different way?

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, I'll respond a bit more

clearly, I guess.

The proposal before us is to construct a

mine, build a transmission line to provide power. The

proposal has a lifetime of about 20 years, after which

the power line would be decommissioned, in other words

taken down again. So the question is, again, would

that fit in, if it did occur, let's say, would that be

something that would be compatible, do you think, with

the plans as they exist today in this community?

MS. KOOY: Albeit that we may be still

defining the direction that we're going into, there is

still community members who are out there, who are

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4376

getting the education, who are putting together the

business. Am I at the finger point of every single

community member and their plans for their own

business, or the discussions exactly as they are going

between our economic development corporation and

various tourism companies of the outlying region? No.

But I do know that there is -- it's not just -- I'm

not here just to have a discussion to say we want it

all and we're trying to, you know, we can't give it

all up. But I'm also saying we are -- this is

discussions and planning and work that has been going

back since 1994. We may not be on, on certain time

tables that are deemed the norm for outside of our

community, but we are on a timetable, we are examining

and we're moving closer and there is an interest.

The fact that I'm here today is not a hazard.

I'm here today because there is interest in the

community. And it's not just an interest. But we can

call it a market share or concerned parties or

whatever. I don't know how, what terminology you need

me to use to say that tourism development will move

forward in our community. It's not the if, it's the

what, and it's also defining the where. And it's not

just a singular where. It's a multiple where.

So the where of it's going to be, you will

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4377

have an effect on it. In the 20 years that it's in

existence, it will have a negative effect on our

development. And it may in fact negate certain

opportunities that we have for development. And it's

serious.

And yes, maybe only 20 years and it may have

taken us 15 years to here, but we're having those

discussions, we're moving forward, and there are

things that are going to happen in our community for

tourism development at a community level, at a

community member individual level, there is movement.

And I'm here to say today, there's movement,

there's interest, there's demand, there's opportunity,

there's research, and there's planning. It may not be

in a place where you understand it to be on the

threshold. I cannot say that today in putting up that

transmission line that there is directly $5 million

taken out of our livelihood, but I can say that it

will have a negative economic impact as well as a

negative cultural impact.

I mean, again, as I started off the

presentation in the beginning, tourism is not just

about economic development. Tourism is also about

cultural revitalization and also about sharing.

So you're taking all those opportunities

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4378

away.

To what degree? I cannot tell you exactly.

Give me a year, I'll figure it out.

THE CHAIRMAN: Well, thank you.

Unfortunately neither of us have a year, I guess, and

looking at the time, I think we're probably getting

about time to take a break for lunch.

So I would, again, thank you very much for

your presentation and the interesting discussion we've

had on the interrelationship or not, I guess, of your

plans for tourism and the potential Project before us.

I think we'll stop at this point and I

understand that Elder Doreen Harry will say a blessing

for the food before we have lunch. Thank you very

much.

MS. KOOY: Thank you.

(Applause)

(BLESSING)

ELDER DOREEN HARRY: (Aboriginal Language

Spoken).

Thank you for the food that has been prepared

for us today.

Give us the strength for the rest of the day.

And I thank you Jesus.

Thank you.

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4379

ELDER CLARA CAMILLE: Can we have the Elders

and the guests first, please.

(NOON BREAK)

(PROCEEDINGS ADJOURNED AT 1:00 P.M.)

(PROCEEDINGS CONVENED AT 1:45 P.M.)

THE CHAIRMAN: Ladies and Gentlemen, I think

we're ready to begin again. I'd like to express my

appreciation once again for the drumming ceremony.

It's a very nice way to begin the session again this

afternoon.

Our next speaker is Louise Harry, please. I

would ask her to come forward.

PRESENTATION BY MS. LOUISE HARRY:

MS. L. HARRY: My name is Louise Harry.

I'm from Xgat'tem. It's the Dog Creek or

Deep Valley.

My grandparents are Lily and Willie Harry

from Dog Creek. And on my mother's side, my

grandparents are Celistine and Frank Alphonse from

Sugar Cane.

My mother is Julie Alphonse and my father is

Antoine Harry.

And I think my purpose here is to just say

how the land sustained my family, my brothers and

sisters. Because there was 14 of us. I had 14

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4380

brothers and sisters. And without the land, we

wouldn't have accomplished what we did in life. Not

only for food, but for our body, mind, and spirit.

Many of my sisters and brothers are

successful in surviving because of the land.

Our grandparents and our parents took us out

on to the land every summer. And I say we're lucky,

we're very fortunate, because all of my brothers and

sisters attended Residential School. And we just had

that small window of opportunity during Christmas,

which was probably about 10 days, and during the

summer where we were brought out on to the land and

shown how to hunt and fish and gather berries.

And our travels took us from Dog Creek up to

Gustavson and over to Little Dog every summer.

My grandmother used to tie my legs on to the

horse. I was the one in my, my father's family that

was taken out and taught berry picking. And that's,

this was my role in my family was the berry picking.

So I take pride in that.

I gather for my own children and for my own

grandchildren now. And I, I have 11 grandchildren

that I try to take out and show how to berry pick and

to do the things that we did traditionally. And I

enjoy doing that.

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4381

And some of the things that we did was berry

pick and gather plants. And my grandmother was a

great basketry woman. Her baskets were well made.

And we did that in certain areas like Little Dog.

And I think one of the things, too, that is

the trading that we do with our neighbours when we're

short in our area.

And I was just saying outside that we were

short on salmon. And our hunters, the group of youth

in there, the men and the women that were here, went

out and got our moose and our deer and took it down

south to the people in the canyon. And we traded for

our salmon and our moose. And we had that same

opportunity to do with the Pisxe7lem.

And it grieves me, my students went out to

Nemiah Valley, because I thought it was really

important that we visit this community where the land

was going to be disturbed. And I showed them the

lake. And I showed them, asked some of the staff at

the Nemiah school what was going to happen in their

area. Just because it not only affects the Pisxe7lem

People, but also what happens in one area will affect

other areas. And I just want to put that into

education so that my students are aware of our

relations and that's how our relations have developed

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4382

by trading and just being a part of each other's

culture and traditions.

And that was it for -- oh, one of the things

that I picked up from yesterday, and it came from a

lady here and it was to do with footprints.

Our footprints upon this land is small, so

small that our presence and our passage through the

lands largely goes unnoticed. We make every effort to

leave the land as was found.

And I think we continue to do that today with

our children and our grandchildren.

I also took the time to write a poem called

"Prosperity Mine".

Prosperity, Prosperity for who?

Robbing Mother Earth as you go.

Obliterating our land.

And our way of life.

Solely for financial gain.

Pollution is what we are left with.

Every man, woman, and child.

Rivers and streams withering in your path.

Incapable of producing life.

Tomorrow's generations left with naught.

You, you, and you are responsible for Mother

Earth and her luscious gifts and her children.

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4383

Inside, she is torn apart.

No more can she bear fruit.

Everyone here has a choice:

Save her.

Destroy her.


(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mrs. Harry.

Did you have some questions further of her?

DR. STADFELD: Just before we turn it back

to the Panel, thank you very much for that. I wonder

if you could talk to the Panel a bit more about the

things that you traditionally do at Little Dog. One

of the things you were mentioning was fishing. Why

does it, why is it such a good place to fish?

MS. L. HARRY: My grandparents and my, my

parents would leave from here, we'd travel by wagon.

And because there we were, we were able to get close

to the river. And there was quite a trail down there.

But that's where we'd be, we'd be able to get close to

the river.

And also along the way we would either, I

guess, well, one of the things we did was get

porcupine, and I remember all the men and my older

siblings going down and fishing. And I had to stay at

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4384

the camp with my grandmother. And I ate too much

porcupine and I got really ill. So even just going

there and having access to the river, having access to

the berries around the corner, and just grouse and

rabbits and whatever.

I and my siblings, we were really fortunate

that my dad was an awesome provider. He provided us

every day with salmon and meat, and my mother with

vegetables from the garden. Because we were there for

a short while, so they wanted to give us the

nourishment, I guess, that we were lacking when we

were away from home.

DR. STADFELD: We've heard a bit about the

porcupine and how they are good to eat. Were they

also used or do they continue to be used for different

purposes?

MS. L. HARRY: Now they're used for

decorating our regalias.

DR. STADFELD: Can you tell us more about

that?

MS. L. HARRY: I had made a pair of

moccasins and a lady from the Pisxe7lem taught me

during a workshop, and taught me to bead. So I, I had

porcupine quills and I put that on to my sister's

moccasins for her to go to the, go to the mountain.

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4385

So it's used for decoration, plus eating.

DR. STADFELD: From what you've seen over

your life, are there fewer porcupine now than what you

recall when you were young or from your, from your

parents?

MS. L. HARRY: At the other end of the

airport is where we used to get porcupine. And I

haven't seen any for, for quite a few years. And

that's basically where that line is going to go

through.

DR. STADFELD: Now, when you've gone down to

Little Dog, the trail you follow down, is that a trail

you made on your own or is that a trail that's been

used for a long time?

MS. L. HARRY: Well, our People have been

fishing in that area for many years, so there's a

trail there, you know, with Esketemc and Dog Creek.

DR. STADFELD: And do you see signs of your

ancestors' use of the same area?

MS. L. HARRY: Well, the trails are evident.

And then all along the river we have our petroglyphs

on the rocks, so they are there, that's our, that's

where we, we've gathered food.

DR. STADFELD: Can you talk a bit more about

the changes that you've seen because of increased

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4386

access into your territory?

MS. L. HARRY: From the time I was a child,

there's been more activity with even vehicles. And

being a mother, being a grandmother, being a teacher,

when there's increased access, you always have fears

about the personal safety of your children. Probably

at this time I'm always telling children to be careful

about people coming into the community, through the

community, and just basic safety. And because it's

not only the people from our area, like the just

people that live in a rural area, you have other

people coming through our community.

I guess one of the things that I have noticed

over the many years is, because there's access, we

all, we have logging happening, and that interferes

with our gathering, our berries, sometimes we have

to -- and it also depends on the year when we have

abundance. And, as a child, I would be able to go up

the hill. My grandmother would put me on a horse and

we would go up the hill.

And now we have to go further. Like, we're

going way over to toward Lac Lahache and gathering our

sexosem.

DR. STADFELD: What is that?

MS. L. HARRY: Soapberry.

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4387

DR. STADFELD: And just as a final question

from me. I take it that you're a teacher also. And

how important is it to be able to take the young

people out on to the land and show them the

traditional practices?

MS. L. HARRY: We've made that as a part of

our, what we do with our children. We have our

language teacher that we go out and make our

medicines, our pitch, and our smudge, the sage.

And we use that as part of our cleansing and

just the well-being of our students and to send the

prayers for our community members.

DR. STADFELD: And when you're doing those

things, is it important that you're in a location

where you're not going to be interfered with, with

people coming in from the outside?

MS. L. HARRY: Not at the school. We have

to stay within the boundaries of the school.

But when I do it with my own family, it's,

it's away.

DR. STADFELD: And so why do you go to

somewhere that's more remote?

MS. L. HARRY: For your connection with the

land. You know, you, you don't want to have that

motor roaring or sound going in the background when

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4388

you're communicating with Mother Earth.

DR. STADFELD: That's, that's all. Thank

you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, and Mrs. Harry, we

may have some questions for you as well, if you

wouldn't mind staying at the microphone there.

I'll turn to Taseko first.


MR. BELL-IRVING: Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Mrs. Harry, I just have one question. This

discussion about Little Dog and the importance of it,

first as a fishing site, but also for other reasons,

can you just confirm for me that Little Dog is some

considerable distance north on the Fraser River from

the area of our proposed crossing?

MS. L. HARRY: It's right there, isn't it?

Because where we went, where we went down ...

MR. BELL-IRVING: Well, that --

MS. L. HARRY: We're in Dog Creek and Little

Dog is right, right there.

MR. BELL-IRVING: That confirms my confusion,

because I've heard confusing comment, suggestions. I

was advised that Little Dog was the feature to the

north of the crossing site that is lowland that you

can access from the land to the river. And in fact

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4389

the road to Little Dog is along the road here, you

take, just in that big switchback, as you come into

the village here, where there's actually car bodies in

the creek, or in that area, that there's a different

road to dog, to Little Dog. It's further along the

road than the road we went down for the site visit.

DR. STADFELD: For the purposes of what

we're giving evidence on today, she's referring to the

location where we were yesterday and where the line

goes through. We'll have more this afternoon on the

archaeological sites down there, but for the purposes

of what she's been talking about, it's where we went

yesterday.

MR. BELL-IRVING: So the name, then, to

clarify, the reference to "Little Dog" in Ms. Harry's

presentation, was the name given to the area where we

were and not fishing site that's also called Little

Dog?

MS. L. HARRY: For me, Little Dog is that

whole area there. It's, for Native People, that whole

area to me is considered Little Dog.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Again, not to pursue this for

any length, but that whole area, as far as one sees

from that site or that whole area that is that

30-to-80-metre wide portion of that area that would be

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4390

the crossing site?

DR. STADFELD: I don't believe that

Mrs. Harry has enough specific information herself

exactly where the proposed 80-metre corridor is, so I

don't expect that she would be able to answer that

question.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Okay, then I'll leave the

question there, then. Thank you.


THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mrs. Harry. I had

a, I guess I had a similar question to

Mr. Bell-Irving. If I understand, Little Dog probably

means a stretch of the river, it's not just one point,

is that a, yes?

MS. L. HARRY: To me it's an area.

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, that's the way I

concluded the way you had described it.

The second question I had was you talked

about your students, and I was curious, is the program

of your teaching part of the curriculum in the school

here or is this a program that you would teach outside

of school hours?

MS. L. HARRY: It's part of the our, like,

we have a First Nations language and culture, so

that's part of that.

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4391

THE CHAIRMAN: So that would be separate

from the school that we're in and the program here, I

understand. Is that correct?

MS. L. HARRY: It's, it's part of our

curriculum for First Nations. It's the same as you

would have First Nations English. We have, we have to

report on it.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you for clarifying that

now. I guess a further question, just to understand

the importance of this, obviously, to your people.

Would you spend a number of hours a week, for example,

on this program? Just to try to get a sense of the

time you spent?

MS. L. HARRY: Probably about, a teacher

goes in, probably an hour, hour-and-a-half every,

every day with our language and culture.


I think that's all of our questions. Thank you,

Mrs. Harry, for bringing that information forward to

us.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: We have next Doreen Harry and

Larry Harry, I believe.

PRESENTATION BY MS. DOREEN HARRY AND MR. LARRY HARRY:

MS. D. HARRY: Hi, I'm Doreen Harry. I'm

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4392

from the Canoe Creek Band, Dog Creek, B.C. And I'm

also working in Vancouver for the last 40 years.

And my mother's name is Lily Harry and my

father's name is Willie Harry. And we're a huge

family up here right from Alkali Lake, Dog Creek,

Canim Lake, everywhere.

Anyways. And we have a lot of -- my mom had

a lot of energy and in supporting the family. She

knew a lot about the culture, the plants, the roads,

the names that they gave the places. And she was also

a midwife. Brought a lot of these, my relatives here,

as to being.

And I'll let Larry say a few words. He's my

nephew.

MR. L. HARRY: Hi. I'm Larry. I'm Canoe

Creek Band. And I'm a local, one of our local band

ranchers. And I think my biggest concern amongst this

is our water table is starting to go down pretty good.

And I'm just wondering what kind of effects this is

going to have on our water system. Because we depend

on Brigham dam for most of our water.

DR. STADFELD: So perhaps we could just talk

a bit -- I'm not sure where that came from.

Perhaps we could just talk a bit more about

the traditional uses of the land and, as you say, from

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4393

your experience and history with your own family, some

of the uses of the land. One of the things we hear a

lot about is the importance of going out to hunt on

the land. And I wonder if you could talk a bit more

about what exactly you would and continue to hunt.

MS. D. HARRY: Well, I'll tell you, there

was no boundaries, like, for our hunting area. We'd

go and do our hunting wherever we could go. Like,

there was never all these roads, as growing up in Dog

Creek.

My dad used to work for the Circle S Ranch,

and every summer, coming from the Residential School

back home for the summer, he'd go do fencing for the

local farmers cutting hay and, and our family also,

like, while he'd go and do the haying, the fencing,

and whatever else they asked him to do, he'd do a bit

of hunting around the area, which was toward 100 Mile.

There was a lot of little meadows up there that he

used to cut, big meadow.

What other, what other places are there up

there? Anyway. Meadow tea. And I remember going up

there on a wagon. And there was no roads back there.

And it was slow going. No logging roads. No this, no

that. There's always fighting over who was going to

ride a horse, because the wagon was a little bit

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4394

rough, right.

Anyway, my dad would go ahead and go up there

and start cutting the hay, whatever he had to do. And

in the mean time, my mom would be down here with my

other siblings picking berries down by the Fraser

River, Saskatoons. She'd go over across the river and

pick local, that choke cherries and stuff.

A lot of times he'd go to Little Dog up

there, because my aunt Katherine used to be there with

her husband and they used to be, they used to do a lot

of fishing for the, for their families. And they'd do

the drying right down there, fish drying. And then

they'd go back to Little Dog and they'd go back to

their meadows and do that.

And, like, Louise and her siblings and my

eldest sister, Agnes Snow, would stay down here with

my mom and go do berry picking and stuff.

And I'd go, me and my older sister Rose,

Larry's mom, would go with my dad, and we'd go do the

hay cutting. And if it was too wet, then he'd do

some, a little bit of fencing and stuff. Then when my

mom would, they would catch us up later. And my dad

would do all his labour for people that owned the

Circle S Ranch.

DR. STADFELD: So when your dad would hunt,

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4395

what would he hunt? What would he bring home?

MS. D. HARRY: Well, he would hunt moose,

deer, then we would dry that.

DR. STADFELD: And can you talk about some

of the, not in detail, we don't have to, but some of

the good places in your territory to hunt moose and

deer?

MS. D. HARRY: Well, there was no, no set

area, not in those days.

DR. STADFELD: Was one of the good places to

hunt moose, was it near where the current main

transmission line is?

MS. D. HARRY: Yep. Up towards Big Lake,

down this way, my mom used to do a lot of trapping.

She used to do a lot of trapping above here. Above

the mountains here.

DR. STADFELD: So when you say "above here",

you're?

MS. D. HARRY: I'm regarding all these areas

from Brigham Creek up to Little Dog.

DR. STADFELD: So that would be a favourite

place to hunt moose? You had trap lines there, too?

MS. D. HARRY: Yeah, we have trap lines

there.

DR. STADFELD: And is that where the main

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4396

transmission line goes through now.

MS. D. HARRY: Yes, it is.

DR. STADFELD: And for deer, is one of the

continuing good places for deer near Little Dog?

MS. D. HARRY: Well, yeah.

DR. STADFELD: Is that to the east of Little

Dog?

MS. D. HARRY: Well, Little Dog is a big

area for me. If I had to make the areas, I -- you

know. The area is anywhere around. The area. This

is Little Dog.

DR. STADFELD: Now, do you go out there

yourself now or does Larry go out there now?

MS. D. HARRY: Well, when I come up

from Williams -- Vancouver for holidays and stuff, I

tend to do out and...

DR. STADFELD: Can you talk about some of

the changes that you've seen --

MS. D. HARRY: Oh, a lot.

DR. STADFELD: -- because of increased

access into your territory, do you find that there's

as many moose now out there as there used to be?

MS. D. HARRY: No, there's none. It's not

that, it's not that great anymore.

DR. STADFELD: And do you have any ideas why

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4397

that might be?

MS. D. HARRY: Well, I'll tell you, because

of, years ago, we never had the hydro out here, and we

never had that many locals building, building. And

now we do. And it's cutting back on a lot of

resources for the Native People.

DR. STADFELD: So what have you seen the

effects have been when, say, there's a new logging

road pushed into --

MS. D. HARRY: Well, actually I don't go out

there because I'd get lost out there now.

DR. STADFELD: Perhaps Larry can talk about

this a bit more.

MS. D. HARRY: Yeah, okay.

DR. STADFELD: So this would, when you've

seen parts of your territory opened up, whether it be

because of a new transmission line or because of a new

road pushed in, what have either of you seen as far as

to what the effects have been on your ability to go

out there and hunt as you traditionally do?

MR. L. HARRY: Well, I think one of the big

things is, like, now, we're getting too many hunters

in the fall. And traditionally, we hunt in the fall

and now we have to try to get out earlier before the

hunters start. Because first day of hunting season

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4398

you can't even find a place to park around here, and

that's probably one of the biggest things. And ATVs

all over the place.

DR. STADFELD: So do you find that either

yourself or other members of the band tend to avoid to

hunt at that time of year?

MR. L. HARRY: Yeah, I do, yeah.

DR. STADFELD: And why is that?

MR. L. HARRY: Just everywhere you go, you

find hunters nowadays, so. And I think as a band,

too, we have to start working on more deactivation and

that's one of my suggestions is if you're putting in a

power line, it should be even when the power line's

in, some of it should be deactivated. You ain't going

to stop ATVs or anything like that, but it will help

on the. ...

DR. STADFELD: So by "deactivation," what do

you mean by that?

MR. L. HARRY: Just making sure your roads

ain't driveable. You ain't going to stop the ATVs,

but at least it will help on the vehicle traffic.

DR. STADFELD: Is this one of the reasons

why we've heard from a few people they preferred to

hunt west of the river?

MR. L. HARRY: Yeah, that's about it, yeah.

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4399

DR. STADFELD: And is that because to date,

at least in comparison to east of the river, there's

less access out to the west?

MR. L. HARRY: Yeah.

DR. STADFELD: So where would you go out

there to hunt? Just in general terms.

MR. L. HARRY: I think behind Gang Ranch is

getting to be a popular place now because there's less

moose over here. So.

DR. STADFELD: And do you find there's

increased access to the west side now, too?

MR. L. HARRY: Yeah.

DR. STADFELD: So just a bit more on, when

we go through now, we see a lot of deer near Little

Dog or what I think of it as being, I drive fairly

fast, so I probably cover a lot of land in a short

time, is that a popular place to hunt deer?

MR. L. HARRY: For a deer along the river,

all the way from here to Little Dog is getting pretty

popular, so. Between two bands, you see each other

out there.

DR. STADFELD: Then what about to the east

of the river, up into the hills, or is that a popular

place to hunt deer, or do you find a lot of deer

there?

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4400

MR. L. HARRY: I don't really go that way

too much myself. Just mostly around Little Dog and up

on top.

DR. STADFELD: So unless you have anything

else you wanted to talk about, maybe we'll turn it

back to the Panel.

MR. L. HARRY: I guess another question I

had for Taseko is, to me, like they say this is the

shortest route to go from here to the mine or the mine

site. And you're going to put this line in and you're

going to take it out when you're done.

So my question is why don't you go along the

highway where there's already a line and turn it over

to the hydro or whatever when you're done, like they

say it's too much voltage, but they have ways now of

reducing it. And then because you say like it's 100

and some kilometres of power line, but then if you're

going to take it out, you're going to double that

anyways.

So why it doesn't run along the highway or

wherever the main power line goes, and it's just left

and turned over to Hydro when you're done with it?

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, we'll note that

question and come to it in a moment.

But I guess, Mr. Bell-Irving, any questions

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4401

of the presenters?

Bill, do you have a question?


MR. KLASSEN: I think you mentioned,

Mr. Harry, that, if I understood you correctly, that

the Band, the First Nation could get involved in

access deactivation?

MR. L. HARRY: Oh, well, we work with the

mills and the logging companies already on some of

this. And that's one of the things I'd like to see,

if a line does go through here, that most of it is

deactivated even though the line is up.

Like, you look at the power line now, they

make the road so rough that nobody wants to drive down

it anyways. And I don't want to see another freeway

going underneath the power line.

MR. KLASSEN: In one of the other

communities we were told that the forestry access

roads were not deactivated. I don't know if you can

answer this question, but who maintains the logging

roads that are left, or do they just sit there?

MR. L. HARRY: They sit there. But most of

the side roads and all the -- the main access roads

are left. I worked in the forest industry, so.

The main forestry roads are left, but most of

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4402

the side roads and the little roads are deactivated.

MR. KLASSEN: Okay.

THE CHAIRMAN: I just had one question,

Mr. Harry. You mentioned you prefer or you hunt more

on the west side of the river, if I understood you.

MR. L. HARRY: Not me, no. Most of the

people do. I try to stick on this side myself.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, most of the people hunt

on the west side, but you prefer to hunt on this side

of the river?

MR. L. HARRY: Yeah.

THE CHAIRMAN: Are there others that hunt on

this side of the river as well?

MR. L. HARRY: Well, for deer, mostly

everybody hunts over here. But now the moose are

getting down where everybody is starting to go across

the river to do their hunting.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, thank you.

MR. L. HARRY: And another thing, too, this

area from here to the line was my grandmother's trap

line all the way to Little Dog. And up until she was

81, she trapped this trap line. And I wouldn't call

it a trap line. She managed it so that there would be

more animals left for future generations.

And I think with another road, we already

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4403

have too many roads, with another road along the power

line, that's endangering all those years of her

protecting it.

THE CHAIRMAN: Maybe just a further

question, then, to you on that. The trap line is

where, sorry? Could you?

MR. L. HARRY: Well, it's turned, it's,

all I know, it all went to the band but for years she

raised all her family generally from here to Mason's

Creek, and that's above Little Dog. That was her area

and her family's trapping area.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Now, you've

raised a couple questions. I'll turn to Taseko

whether you'd want to include a response to those at

the end of the day, if that's okay, Mr. Harry.

They'll be responding to various questions that arose

and views that they have heard at the end of the day.

So the two questions that you've raised. One

about the water table. And the second one was about

the route of the transmission line and whether it

could follow existing roads. I think, were your two

questions. Would it be all right if they could

respond to those questions a bit later on?

MR. L. HARRY: Okay.

THE CHAIRMAN: I think that concludes our

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4404

questions, then. Thanks to both of you for appearing

before us and bringing that information to us today.


(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Our next speaker is Sandra

Archie.

PRESENTATION BY MS. SANDRA ARCHIE:

MS. S. ARCHIE: My name is Sandra Archie.

I'm from the Canoe Creek Band. My great, my

great-great-grandfather is Johnny Hance or Johnny

Haines. My three grandsons are from Anaham. So I

speak for them. So I have a lot of relatives in the

Chilcotin area.

And I know what we have gone through to be

invested. We have an investment in this land. And

that's the thing that I want to address.

You know, we've gone through residential

schools. We've gone through genocide. We've gone

through colonialism. Big Dave was telling me, "The

only reason you can't pronounce that word is because

it's not ours".

That's a good point.

And just to let you know that when I talk

about investment in this land, our People died for

this land.

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4405

And when you look here, you just see a

fraction of what we used to be. We numbered in the

thousands. And now in this band, we're, we only have

seven hundred.

And when I look at that, and I look at when

we do our family tree, when we look at where we've

come from, our People are always going to be from

here.

Other People are always going to track their

roots to Europe or to other countries, but that's not

to say you're not true Canadians. My point is we have

an investment in this land. We gave up our lives for

this.

And we gave it up to end the land question.

That's why the government came in with all of this.

So when we're looking at fighting, we're

looking at livelihood that we almost lost. You know,

we're talking about hunting and fishing. But we have

to remember the water. And you have to remember it.

Because water is going to be the most valuable

resource that we have.

And when you look at resources, you know

what? You guys are going to move on. Taseko Mines is

going to move on. Because it, when you run out of

that, there's going to be no mine. And you're going

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4406

to move to another town, another city, and you're

going to let that mining there also. But, again,

you're going to look at our Indian people because they

are going to fight for their traditional territory.

And the sad thing is we get to look like the

bad guys. We get to look like we don't want progress.

But that's not true.

If you have the time, you should read "Maps

and Dreams." And it talks about how our People looked

at the land and how they saved, you know, their

animals, the animals that are in the land and how

they, you know, just had their own conservation. And

that's what I think you should do.

Because I heard the Mayor of Williams Lake

saying, "If this mine doesn't go in, how are we going

to feed our children and grandchildren?" That's not

true. We're surviving right now without the mine.

When you look at it, you're going to have to

look at what about our great-grandchildren, your

great-grandchildren, our great-great-grandchildren,

your great-great-grandchildren, why don't you save the

mine for them so that they will have a job, they will

be able to feed their children?

You know, it doesn't make sense that every

resource has to be exploited today.

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4407

So when I look at this, and I look at the

value of the land, when you look at Williams Lake,

because Williams Lake has a big investment in this,

when you look at Wal-Mart, they were going to put the

Wal-Mart near the golf course. And all the people

there said, "No, not in my backyard. You will lower

the value of our land. You will lower the value of

our property."

But the saddest one was Knucwentwecw Society.

When you take a look at that. Knucwentwecw Society is

a child protection agency. They were going to put a

home in on English Road, a group home, so that the

youth would have a chance to have a safe place to

live. But what happened? Everyone in Williams Lake,

who had the same idea, that "if you put it there,

you're going to lower the value of our land".

What is the difference between you and us?

The difference is investment. Our People gave up

their lives so we could exist here today. And we're

so resilient, we're strong, we're still here. And my

fear is you're wanting us, and I'm not saying "you" as

in, you know, you, personally, but when you look at

the government, to assimilate. I think that the

non-Native People should assimilate too. To, like,

take a look at how resources are exploited and to take

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4408

a look at how fast we're going about it.

My thing is you should slow down and save

some for your grandchildren, our grandchildren, your

great-great-grandchildren, and our

great-great-grandchildren. You know.

There's no rush.

But I just have this feeling, as I said,

you're listening, but I don't think you can hear.

Just making sure I didn't miss anything. And

it doesn't look like I have. Like I say, this was to

be short and sweet.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Thank you,

Mrs. Archie. Are there any questions?

No. I think we do not have any questions. I

think your message was quite clear us to and thank you

for that.

The next speaker is Ted Hancock, please.

PRESENTATION BY MR. TED HANCOCK:

MR. T. HANCOCK: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I

too, have brought the Panel a gift of honey.

As I mentioned yesterday, I am a beekeeper in

Dog Creek.

I understand the Panel has been doing a

marathon of public meetings and honey is good energy.

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4409

I did not bring anything for Taseko Mines.

I'm kind of hoping they'll run out of energy. But I

understand they have been working at this for 17

years, so I suppose that's not going to happen.

As I mentioned, I've been operating a

commercial beekeeping operation since 1984. During

that time my wife, Jane, worked first as a school

teacher then as principal of the Dog Creek School.

Jane and I have two grown daughters who

attended Dog Creek Elementary until they moved to

Williams Lake for their high school education.

Although our family is relatively new to this

valley, we have always been made to feel welcome and

supported by this community.

It is said it takes a village to raise a

child. And that was certainly true with our daughters

Devon and Ellen, and our family feels very fortunate

to have the members of this community as friends and

neighbours.

In deciding if the proposed new electrical

transmission line and Prosperity Mines should be

built, I feel the Federal Review Panel needs to

consider the social impacts on surrounding communities

like Dog Creek. Research in recent years indicates

that greater economic wealth does not always improve

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4410

people's well-being. Conservative columnist David

Brooks wrote in his March 30th New York Times article

of this year:

"Over the past few decades, teams of

researchers have been studying happiness. Their work,

which seemed flimsy at first, has developed an

impressive rigour, and one of the key findings is

that, just as the old sages predicted, worldly success

has shallow roots while interpersonal bonds permeate

through and through."

One of the researchers Mr. Brooks refers to

is the economic historian Avner Offer who coined the

phrase "the economy of regard". This economy is

parallel to our economic economy. It is the economy

of everyday life within which we help each other by

acts of consideration, care, and reciprocity.

This economy of regard is critical in

maintaining happiness in our daily lives.

Taseko Mines Limited suggests our community

will benefit financially from this proposed Project

and thereby become happier. I feel they have not

fully considered the damage this Project will do to

our economy of regard.

Research has shown that countries with high

social trust have happier people. Obtaining gold may

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4411

increase happiness, but not if you lose your

neighbour's trust in the process of obtaining it.

I recognize mining is an important part of

our economic economy. However, by talking to local

residents and attending these meetings, I know there

is almost no support for the construction of the

proposed Prosperity mine.

Taseko's proposal is one in which a treasured

lake would be depopulated of fish, drained and turned

into a tailings pond, in which a nearby lake would

also be drained and depopulated of fish, in which

streams would be diverted and depopulated of fish, in

which an open pit mine would be created and allowed to

fill with water, in which the water from the abandoned

mine would be allowed to drain into the surrounding

watersheds which include the Fraser River, in which a

125-kilometre hydro transmission line would be built

to create new access and circle routes to wilderness

areas, and in which the transmission line would create

pressure to allow further development along its

length.

For this mine proposal I have heard little

community support.

I feel that if this Review Panel recommends

the development of Prosperity mine without community

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4412

support, you will cause significant damage to the

trust, well-being and happiness in our community. I

believe that this social damage, this destruction of

our economy of regard will far outweigh any economic

benefit the proposed mine might generate.

And I have a few references here, if you

wanted to read more about the economy of regard.

That's all I have.

Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Hancock.

Maybe just make a comment first of all. I appreciate

very much your gift of honey. I notice there are

three jars there, and I guess in the spirit of sharing

that we hear from this community, I wonder if you'd

object if we shared one jar with Taseko and one with

the Band?

MR. T. HANCOCK: Certainly.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. We obviously are

sensitive about receiving gifts and appreciate very

much the spirit in which they are presented, so we

just want to be fair with everybody as well. So I'm

glad you've agreed to that, and we'll accept that jar

of honey with great pleasure. And we can share it

amongst the group of us here for our breakfast in the

morning.

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4413

I'll turn to Taseko first to see if they have

any questions.

MR. BELL-IRVING: No questions, Mr. Chairman.


MR. KLASSEN: I have one question,

Mr. Hancock. Thank you for your presentation. The

question I have doesn't have directly to do with your

presentation, but I have neighbours who are

beekeepers, and they are always concerned about their

bees not accessing areas where pesticides have been

used.

Is that a concern in this area? Do you have

to set your hives in places where the bees won't have

contact with pesticides?

MR. T. HANCOCK: The pesticides are

usually not a problem unless they are sprayed on

blooming plants. However, recent studies in the U.S.,

at Penn State University, have found that pollen in

beehives contains up to 200 different pesticides. And

researchers there are looking at how these pesticides

combine.

When the environmental process permits the

use of a pesticide, it does not look at how it

combines with other pesticides in the environment.

And they are finding, in initial tests, it's

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4414

very new research, that these pesticides are combining

in pollen and having negative effects once they are

working together.

So the more pesticides in the environment,

the more worrisome it is for bees, yes.

MR. KLASSEN: Thank you. It's indirectly

related in the event that pesticides are used to

control or herbicides are used to control growth on

any aspect of the infrastructure that may be

associated with this Project. So I appreciate your

answer. Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Hancock, just to situate

yourself, as we drove in here, we noticed some

beehives, would those be yours on the road in?

MR. T. HANCOCK: Yes, down by Little Dog, yes.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Do you have any

direct concerns about the Project affecting your

operation? That's a question that's not related

necessarily to your presentation, but I just wondered

if you felt that there'd be any concerns in respect to

your beekeeping operations?

MR. T. HANCOCK: We own property and have a

water licence on the creek. I'm concerned about this

generator shed being, or plant being built up along

the power lines. I understand these transformer

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4415

plants have oil in them. And if there's ever a

leakage from that system, it would get into Brigham

Creek.

As for bees themselves, I am worried that

there would be pollutants eventually get into the

Fraser River. I have bees collect water from the

Fraser River and the Dog Creek. Bees need a lot of

water in their hives and any pollutants in the water

will kill them.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Hancock, and

thank you again for the honey and the presentation to

us today.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Our next speaker is

Shadow Hawk.

PRESENTATION BY SHADOW HAWK:

MR. S. HAWK: Hello.


My name is Shadow Hawk. And I'm from Alkali

Lake Reserve. But I live, I have lived in Canoe Creek

and Dog Creek now, so.

And this presentation is what I have been

doing for the past two years is that every time I have

gone out, I have taken movies and pictures and mostly

movies of what Joyce has been doing, because of my

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4416

limited abilities to do things, I just have resorted to

just filming her. And this is year-round. This

included winter, spring, summer, fall. Everything that

we do in regards to the land. And because we travel so

much, I have been able to gather many of these pictures,

the animals that we've seen, and sometimes we're not

quick, I'm not quick enough with the camera or she

doesn't respond enough.


Then it's gone. So we learned how to

communicate. We're getting gooder now with that, so.

And we'll just start this. It's only 14 minutes

and this is only a part of the one I had presented

yesterday and it was 50 minutes and the day before and

the week before I had it up to about two, three, four

hours and I had to cut this down to what this part is

about the Fraser River.

Okay. Thank you

THE CHAIRMAN: Just a question, just again

before we see it, just to situate it. Is this, this

is in the area here along where the transmission line

might be?

MR. S. HAWK: Yes.

THE CHAIRMAN: Just so we can understand the

location.

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4417

MR. S. HAWK: From Little Dog to Bighorn,

the corner at Alkali, and this section.

DR. STADFELD: And just before we begin,

perhaps we'll let Joyce introduce herself, too.

MS. J. HARRY: Hi, my name is Joyce Harry.

And I'm from Canoe Creek Band.

I lived in Canoe Creek, but now I moved to

Dog Creek. I got a place here. But my parents are

Hector Samson. My dad is Hector Samson. He's

deceased. And Nancy Camille, she's about 79 now, and

she lives in Canoe Creek.

And actually I pretty well am learning how to

survive on the land. And to me it feels like I'm --

1901, just learning from all the histories, from my

grandparents, great-great-grandparents, what they did

and learn -- what I have learned from them, what --

stuff from nature, to go out. And once I'm at Shadow

Hawk's. And I've been out way before then. And I've

been fishing on my own pretty well.

And, you know, my siblings from Canoe Creek,

we had a pretty large family. Had to learn how to

survive. I had to learn how to survive. Just help

them and support them.

And actually I'm really going to walk you

through this here, whatever I'm thinking, what do you

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4418

see on the DVD?

And maybe involve my life or whatever that's

there. And I hope you can just follow along.

And, actually -- anything else? Nothing

else? Okay.

Okay, we can go and start it.

(DVD plays)

This is down Churn Creek and down there

fishing and going down there to fish. The salmon.

Learn how to fish. I've been down that, the way,

there's a lot of different areas of like down the

river, along the river on either side. There's Low

Ranch, Onion Lake, and this is Churn Creek right now.

And I used to go down to Little Dog. Also used to

walk down. But here I -- we can be able to drive down

there to be able to fish down at Churn Creek and stay

there from night until morning, just to be able to

fish. I really can survive on salmon. Learn how to

dry it. Learn how to can. And I also can teach

whoever wanted to learn how. My siblings.

And I had to learn, get the Shadow Hawk to

learn how to cut salmon, too.

Well, he wanted to know, so. We work

together. And that was one thing good about it. I

was happy with. Oh, dear, he's filming. That's my

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4419

mind there.

But sometimes I would, like, at the time I

stayed all night and got about seven. And when I got

home, leaving there at the rock there, it was about

5 o'clock in the morning, 6 o'clock, and getting home.

Spent -- I never went to sleep. Wouldn't let anything

go to waste. I had to can right away. And I really,

like, love canned salmon. And it sure beats the

Overwaitea, Safeway products. And it's only

(inaudible), other than that, my only son Felix, my

granddaughter, she really loves the canned salmon.

She'll just open a jar and eat it right out of the

jar. So that's how precious that salmon is.

MR. S. HAWK: Right down toward where you see

that tree line, our People go way down there to fish

there also. There's campfires on this side all the

way up. That's about six, seven hundred kilometre

section. And then on the other side, there's fish,

fishing sites. And way beyond Little Dog.

And these sites change every year because of

the high water. Where you see in the background is

all white, That's the water when it's high. And

whatever we set up sites like this, it's all washed

away and we have to reset-up each time again. And

this year the water was low, lower than it has been

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4420

before. And sometimes we fished all night and we only

catch one. But one is better than none.

MS. J. HARRY: Yeah, I caught one there. It

was my first spring.

MR. S. HAWK: And we do this all through

the night with no campfire. We just fish from about

5 o'clock to five in the morning, until the sun comes

up. And we do it in the dark. This is just getting

dark.

And we only fish at night because the salmon

come closer to the shore. During the day, they go out

in the middle where it's cooler.

And this is the sockeye salmon run. And also

there's the humpbacks are just going up about half a

kilometre above us, that's where they spawn is in

Churn Creek. And this was the day before. Right

across from us.

MS. J. HARRY: There are sockeye, spring

salmon. Some spring salmons are about pretty well

50 pounds, maybe more.

MR. S. HAWK: And this is Gang Ranch

bridge. And this is the original fishing spot. And

where I'm standing right now is where water was

supposed to be high, but it's low, and then the people

moved up about 100 metres and set up right there. And

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4421

this is continuously changing each year. And below

the bridge, we used to fish east and south side above

there, below there. Now along right across from where

I am to where Churn Creek is.

MS. J. HARRY: And there's quite a few years

ago that I used to go down to Little Dog. We used to

walk down. We can drive so far and walk down. And we

used to spent the nights there and walk up with at

least a few salmon too.

MR. S. HAWK: As you can see where the --

how far the water has dropped. And this is --

MS. J. HARRY: At the bridge, down, nothing

from the bridge.

MR. S. HAWK: Below Churn Creek.

MS. J. HARRY: Yeah, Churn Creek, and

there's different --

MR. S. HAWK: And right across from near

us, we've been fishing there a few years and there

have been landslides on that side. When we're fishing

there, then we hear this rumbling and they put the

flashlight on it, spotlight, and we see a cloud of

dust coming down, and that's normal to have these

landslides.

And concern is about where you're going to be

putting the line is, because we have high winds now,

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4422

and these winds are because the pine beetles have no

leaves, it's not stopping the winds, and when I go to

town and when come back, you can see dust storms all

along the river there.

And this is part of our process of what we

catch, we clear, we keep the "equwen", the fish heads,

and we freeze everything, we keep everything, we don't

throw it away. Except for the guts, we put it in the

garden.

And this here, I have done this with the

hushum (sesxosem), the soap berries, the saskatoons,

and the crabapples, and she even dried quite a few

apples last year.

MS. J. HARRY: I just did a little salt

prime, soaked the salmon so you can just pure canning.

When you're finished, putting it in the jar, there's

your vinegar and your salt goes in there. And it's

ready to can. But you don't put the lid -- some may

put the lid on to put it in the canner, pressure

cooker, whatever.

MR. S. HAWK: This is the short version,

the condensed version. With the other DVD that they

have, this shows the actual process of going through

the cleaning, the filleting, and same with the hushum

(sesxosem), our soapberries, when we're out there, I

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4423

show about 10, 15 minutes of that, of taking it,

shaking it off the bush, cleaning it, and squeezing

it, and then boiling it and putting it into jars

again.

And yes, we do have cougars in the area.

Nobody mentioned that.

This has been a herd that's been brought in,

introduced a few years ago. And this is down Alkali.

MS. J. HARRY: Little dog.

MR. S. HAWK: On the other side of Little Dog.

MS. J. HARRY: No, on this side.

MR. S. HAWK: This one here is on this side, the

original herd that has been here. And that's about

20-plus. And there's another group on the other side

of Canoe Creek.

MS. J. HARRY: I think this is the same groups,

myself.

MR. S. HAWK: No, it's Larry Mole, Curly.

Daisy.

MS. J. HARRY: No. These are deer.

MR. S. HAWK: And this here is a common site all

along the bench.

MS. J. HARRY: This is in Little Dog, too.

MR. S. HAWK: Except during hunting season, they

know that I have a camera and they are safe.

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4424

MS. J. HARRY: And this is where I was picking

Saskatoons and I wouldn't, I never noticed this one

here, this beautiful deer walking by. And I never

even noticed him. And I kept on picking. And I was

glad to see that after when it was on camera.

MR. S. HAWK: Usually when we are out there,

because I'm the man, I'm supposed to walk around and I

hobble around and I look for bears and whatever, and

then I holler "bear," and then she runs and she knows

that she's safe with me. She'll get home.

MS. J. HARRY: (LAUGHTER). You're pulling your

socks up.

MR. S. HAWK: And this is the same area.

There's coyote pups. This is a bigger one, another

one that we originally seen was a younger one, but

this is the fatter one of the two. And all along that

area are coyotes in that area, too.

MS. J. HARRY: Little Dog.

Yeah, we have been taking a lot of beautiful

pictures of those animals.

MR. S. HAWK: And another concern that we

have, too, is this is the Kelly Creek fire that almost

had Canoe Creek evacuated. And there's another one

that will be shown after this is the Gaspard Creek

fire that was due west of us. That was the second

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4425

fire. Kelly Creek was the first fire. And then we

also had another fire right on the road where we were,

or the Esket, there was another fire there, but the

crew from this band put it out.

MS. J. HARRY: That's on Dog Creek Mountain

here just on the top of the hill. Just on top here.

But that was a small fire, but these ones are real

big. We're looking at Casper, Casper Lake, and

there's another one that's coming up, that's Kelly

Lake.

MR. S. HAWK: Right there's Churn Creek,

Gang Ranch, Black Dome Mountain, is right there, and

that's Kelly Creek fire.

MS. J. HARRY: And they did a 100 metre,

what do you call that? When you do, what do you call

that now?

MR. S. HAWK: This is a week-and-a-half

ago.

MS. J. HARRY: That's just wind and snow

getting blown off the --

MR. S. HAWK: All those trees were covered

with the snow, and then that was at nighttime, and

then the daytime that wind just came and just blew all

the snow off the trees. And that to show you how

strong the wind is here in the valleys, and all along

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4426

the rivers. And if that was a fire, that's -- be in

trouble.

And that is the shortened version of what we

go through. Thank you, thank you very much.

MS. J. HARRY: Other than that, I'm just

thinking of the plants and everything else, and

animals, and our traditional areas that I'm looking

at, too. And hoping we'll -- you'll be able to see

what we do, what we go through, what we have to do to

get our medicine, even our medicine itself, different

time of the season.

DR. STADFELD: So thanks, thanks very much

for sharing that with us, both Shadow Hawk and Joyce.

And I do know that you have a much longer version and

there's some beautiful shots of you out on the land.

And I wonder if, before we pass it back to the Panel,

if we could talk a bit more about being out on the

land and what happens when you're interrupted by

people coming through in 4x4s or ATVs or different

things like that.

MS. J. HARRY: I had a really scary situation one

year there. And it had to do with motorcycles. All

this came -- I was going to go out and, you know, the

road on the Dog Creek Mountain here that comes down to

meet this here road here. That can go over the

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4427

mountain, but there's the one that goes right over to

the mountain down to the Fraser River, down to across

the, or the bridge, but this one here that goes up on

top of the mountain along here, and that's the one I

wanted to take to come from Canoe Creek to here. And

then when I got to what they call two mile road, there

was four of those motorcycles. They were all in --

the motorcycles itself, they were brand new. They

were all suited. They were all leathered. And but

you couldn't even recognize them. I couldn't even see

their face. That they were -- they had a helmet on.

Their sun visor was black. You couldn't see nothing.

And they had leather gloves, everything. That just

freaked me out. I wanted to go up that road, but to

see them all come down from there. And I didn't want

to take it. I was by myself. I didn't want to take a

chance to go up there. I just went right around to

the 1100 Road and come back down this way. And I was

scared that they might follow. But they didn't. I

don't know which way they went after that. They might

a went back up the hill again, so.

That situation. Those kind of things, I'm

out berry picking a lot of times all by myself no

matter where. There used to be always vehicles or 4x4

trucks, other vehicles travelling, or, you know,

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4428

there's other people out there. And I'm thinking they

would be there to meet you, or, you know, to come

behind you or, when I'm out there picking, they will

stop at times. I just get in my vehicle and I leave,

because there's no escape to go anywhere. There's one

way in and one way out. Maybe they may know more

than, you know, all the access roads.

And we were just, like, lumber trucks, access

roads, and that's what I didn't really like at all.

But I went on them anyway just go get my blueberries,

whatever, hushum, and that's things that I run across.

And I don't like that.

And actually, I really don't like this,

whatever you call it, what do you call that mine?

Yeah, well, yes, I guess the transmission line coming

in.

And actually just live on this side now and

up to Brigham Creek, up in that road area, and I'm

thinking it's -- another thing, the drainage of that,

whatever they will be using, the chemistry, and that

goes into our water, our, for our plants, our cattle,

our irrigation, everything. We still use that a lot.

Is there anything else that you want me to?

I'm going too fast here.

DR. STADFELD: Just before we pass it back,

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4429

is there anything else that either you, Shadow Hawk,

or Joyce would like to say?

MS. J. HARRY: It might trigger something here,

so you got anything else to say? Help me out.

DR. STADFELD: You're good, okay.

MS. J. HARRY: We're good.

DR. STADFELD: That will be all, thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, are there any

questions?

No. We do not have any questions, but thank

you very much for showing us those beautiful

photographs or film, actually, of sites along the

river where you fish and some of the animals. It was

very well done. Thank you.

(Applause)

MS. J. HARRY: Okay, thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: We next have Charlie Louis

and I believe it's Charlize Louis.

PRESENTATION BY MR. CHARLIE LOUIS AND MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS:

MR. C. LOUIS: Hello, my name's Charlie

Louis. I have quite a few concerns about this mine

going in. I have probably my biggest concern is the

line going in from all the way from where it starts

off the power line all the way to Little Dog is where

I hunt. And Brigham Lake is a lake where I take my

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4430

kids quite a bit to go fishing. And I have a lot of

concerns of pesticides and herbicides going into the

water, because they are healthy fish. And I'm

concerned about a lot of people coming in, if the line

goes through, that they'll be so much more hunters and

so much more fish, fishermen there.

I've generally feed my family through fishing

and hunting. And right where you're proposing to put

that line is where I hunt.

And there's not a whole lot of deer left in

there. There's pretty much no moose left in there.

I'm starting to lean to go across the river to hunt.

As of just of last year, I started hunting moose back

there because there's none left on this side.

And I'm worried about that that's the last

place where I'm able to hunt moose. And if I go over

there, I went over there last year, and the road

that's going in there has a truck pullout every

kilometre. And it's just like a highway going through

there.

And I'm concerned for the Tsilqot'in People

that, you know, they love their land and it's just, if

that goes through, it's just going to devastate those

people, I think.

And I'm really worried about my kids being

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4431

able to fish, like, up in Brigham. It's real

important to us that that -- it's actually a dam, but

we call it Brigham Lake. That that stays healthy.

That, like, we don't want any herbicides or pesticides

or anything going in there. We like our healthy fish

the way they are, so.

And I'm concerned about more deer hunters

coming in up there. There's not a whole lot of deer

up there to begin with, so.

And that's pretty much all I've got for now,

so.

DR. STADFELD: Thanks for that, Charles.

Before we go much farther, perhaps you'd like to

introduce your daughter or she can introduce herself.

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: I'm Charlize Louis.

DR. STADFELD: And how old are you?

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: Seven.

DR. STADFELD: And do you go out with your

dad to fish?

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: Yes.

DR. STADFELD: Where do you go?

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: Fish Creek, we fish for

little fish, we give them to our cats.

DR. STADFELD: And what times of year do you

go out? Do you go out in the summer or in the winter?

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4432

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: Summer.

DR. STADFELD: In the summer. And when you

go out, do you camp out there with your dad or?

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: Picnics.

DR. STADFELD: You have picnics. And do you

have some siblings, too?

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: My brothers.

DR. STADFELD: And what are their names and

how old are they?

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: One's 11 and one's 5.

DR. STADFELD: And that's great.

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: And Chevy and Lance.

DR. STADFELD: Sorry, can you just speak a

little bit?

MISS CHARLIZE LOUIS: Chevy and Lance.

DR. STADFELD: Chevy and Lance. How about

you pass the mic back to your dad there again and I'll

ask your dad a few more questions, too.

So the proposed line, is it correct that it

goes right above the lake that you just referred to?

Is that where the route would go?

MR. C. LOUIS: Right above the lake. I'm not too

sure exactly how far it is from the lake, but I am

really concerned about herbicides and pesticides going

in there.

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4433

DR. STADFELD: And when you go out there,

what kind of fish do you fish for now?

MR. C. LOUIS: Rainbow trout.

DR. STADFELD: And yourself or are there

other people that go out there during the winter, too?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yeah, in the winter there's

some people that go ice fishing out there, yeah. I've

been out there ice fishing myself.

DR. STADFELD: So they hunt deer, they hunt

moose or are there very many moose left there?

MR. C. LOUIS: There's not very many moose

left, no.

DR. STADFELD: From the older people that

you've talked to in the community, did there use to be

more moose there?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yes, there used to be a lot

of moose, and I think until the Enterprise Road went

in, and I think that they did quite a bit of damage.

And there was a guider out here a few years ago, too,

that I think in three years or something, he took

35 moose out of our area. And I think one year there

was only two or three moose taken by our community.

So I think he did quite a bit of damage.

DR. STADFELD: And then when people go out

there to hunt that come from outside, do they also

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4434

travel down the existing transmission line?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yes, yes, there's quite a few

people you see going on that line, yeah.

DR. STADFELD: And how do they go back and

forth now?

MR. C. LOUIS: They go back and forth on

quads or 4x4s.

DR. STADFELD: Do you go out there during

hunting season in the fall?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yeah, I go out there in

hunting season, but, like, Larry Harry was saying, we

try and get out there before because there's just so

many people out there, and then, like, all the game

just get scared right off and, you know, it's hard to

shoot something or even see anything, really.

DR. STADFELD: And as far as access roads

into the lake currently, what roads are there?

MR. C. LOUIS: There are -- there's one that

comes from Alkali, and there's one that comes up

Brigham Creek, which is about, I don't know,

10 kilometres up the road here, and then you hang a

left, then it's probably about another three or four

kilometres up that road. But it's a pretty tough road

to get in right now. It's a very, very muddy road,

you need a pretty good truck to get in there now.

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4435

DR. STADFELD: And once the new proposed

transmission line goes through, do you expect that

people will be able to access the lake from the top

end, from coming down the line?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yes, I do, yeah.

DR. STADFELD: Before we pass it back to

the Panel, is there anything else that yourself or

your daughter here would like to say?

MR. C. LOUIS: No. Just that it's

really scaring me that they want to put this mine in.

I'm really scared for myself and my family and the

Chilcotins because, like I say, they really love their

land. And it's just going to be a highway going in

there. And who knows what they are going to take out

of there, right. So. And that's about all. Thank

you.

DR. STADFELD: Well, thanks very much for

both of you. And we'll just pass it back to the

Chair.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Any questions,

Taseko?


MR. BELL-IRVING: Yes, thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Just to clarify the names of these lakes and

the creek where your daughter fishes. I didn't hear

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4436

it, I don't think.

The lake that you say the transmission line

goes right across is named what?

MR. C. LOUIS: Brigham.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Brigham Lake?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yes.

MR. BELL-IRVING: And that's where you fish and

hunt?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yes, that's where I fish and

hunt, yeah, fish for trout, yeah.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Thank you. And the creek

that your daughter feeds all those cats from, what's

that creek?

MR. C. LOUIS: That is Brigham Creek.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Brigham Creek.

MR. C. LOUIS: It runs from Brigham Dam down

to Dog Creek.

MR. BELL-IRVING: And the final question, you

say that the transmission line is right in the area

where you currently hunt. Am I understanding that to

be on this side of the Fraser you're referring to?

MR. C. LOUIS: Yes, it is, yeah.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: I think I had some similar

questions but they have been answered, actually, to

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4437

try to situate the location that you were talking

about. And that has been clarified. So I have no

further questions. Thank you again for both of you

for your presentation.

MR. C. LOUIS: Thank you.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: This might be a good time to

take a short break and we'll come back in about

10 minutes.

(BRIEF BREAK)

THE CHAIRMAN: Ladies and Gentlemen, I would

like to start again. If I could ask you to take your

seats, we're going to have drumming again to bring

everybody back to the room.

ELDER CLARA CAMILLE: This is a song called

"Setiyen". Minnie Charleyboy, in 1997, sang that

song. It was Annie Elkins Williams song. And it

talks about a bear coming to eat Saskatoon berries and

the Saskatoon berries are loaded.

(DRUMMING CEREMONY)

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. That's a very

effective way of getting everybody back into the

meeting room. It was a lovely song. Thank you.

Our next speaker today is somebody we haven't

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4438

seen, I think, for two days. It's Chief Percy

Guichon.

PRESENTATION BY CHIEF PERCY GUICHON:

CHIEF GUICHON: Good afternoon, everyone. My

name's Percy Guichon. I'm the Chief of the Alexis

Creek First Nations.

I want to thank Chief Marilyn for allowing me

to come up here and squeeze me in. And also I want to

thank all the members that have spoken and are in

support of the Tsilhqot'in Nation.

I just wanted to take a couple of minutes

just to clarify to the Panel regarding my presentation

in my community on April 15th.

There's been some misconceptions or

misunderstandings that I want to clarify.

And just in respect to my community members

that presented and who gave heartfelt and emotional

and personal testimonies, I just want to, as a leader

and on behalf of my community, clearly state for the

record that we are not in support of the Prosperity

Mine. And I just wanted to make that clear. And

thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Chief Guichon, for

clarifying that for the record.

I don't know if there was doubt there, but it

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4439

perhaps is important to clarify.

I know at the end of the day, we asked a

number of questions to you, both ourselves and I think

Taseko. And if there is any doubt, I guess that's now

very clear. So thank you for that.

Our next speaker is Chief Bill Wilson.

PRESENTATION BY CHIEF BILL WILSON:

CHIEF WILSON: Thank you very much,

Mr. Chairman. I wanted to bring that briefcase up

here because Roger's mother made it, Roger William's

mother made it.

I'd first like to identify myself. My name

is Hemas Kla-Lee-Lee-Kla. I'm a Kwawkgewth from

Campbell River area. Cape Mudge. I'm registered by

the White Man's law at the Cape Mudge Indian Band.

But, like most Indians, I'm really from somewhere

else. I'm from Kingcome Inlet. And that's where my

mother was born and we are matrilineal people.

I would like to thank first of all the

community here. Marilyn Camille. And others. And

let you know that the last time I was here, other than

yesterday, was in 1970. And at that time, as I

remember, I was being toured around by Doug Hance

Senior and there was no electricity here. Or if there

was electricity, it was only in a couple of houses,

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4440

ranch houses. The Indian people did not have it.

Now, that's 1970. That's not a great deal of time

ago.

At any rate, I was lucky enough to tour the

area. And I used to think there were only two kinds

of Indians: There was my kind of Indians and the

other ones who wanted to be like my kind of Indians.

But nevertheless, I learned very quickly that

that's not true.

My name Hemas Kla-Lee-Lee-Kla was given to

me. I am a Chief, but I am a Hereditary Chief. Other

than in silly elections like the Assembly of First

Nations, I have never contested an election in my

community.

I was raised in the potlatch. And as my good

friend Rod Bell-Irving knows, our People have two

different systems. We have the imposed elected system

that represents nothing other than a majority of

people that you get to the polls once every two years.

Fortunately the result of those elections

produces good people like Marilyn Camille and other

people like Bev Sellars. But our position is that we

have the right to make decisions for ourselves. And

only we have the right to make decisions for

ourselves. So you can call us anything you want to

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4441

and we will do whatever we want to do. And that, of

course, becomes constricted by, you know, the

imposition or the intrusion of non-Indian people and

other people over time.

But in a true sense -- like, I -- I am --

"Hemas" means "the Chief who is always there to help."

And "Kla-Lee-Lee-Kla" means "the first rank among the

eagles".

And that was given to me over a period of

almost 30 years. I had to prove myself to earn that.

Thanks to my mother and my father's money,

they held the potlatches where they gathered people

together and feed them for three or four days and

house them for three or four days and give away gifts

at the end of it. That was our culture and our

potlatch.

At any rate, why I'm here, and I just want to

tell you who I am. That's who I am. You might know

me, Rod would know me as Chief Bill Wilson. I have a

BA from the University of Victoria and a law degree

from the University of British Columbia.

And I've been called all kinds of things.

Never a miner. But I've never been -- everybody has a

different opinion about who or what -- people think

I'm a communist, you know. You know, and meanwhile

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4442

the communists think I'm conservative. And my own

People think I'm a sell-out sometimes and all these

labels.

So I'll make it very clear to you, I'm a

small L liberal free enterpriser with a huge social

conscience.

That's it.

No other labels.

I know that I have the responsibility because

I grew up in wealth, both my mother and father are

full-blooded Indians and my mother and father were

cultured and monied people.

In fact, just as an aside, I'll try not to

take too much time, Mr. Chairman, but I have to

mention Rod Bell-Irving.

I came yesterday, and I had not intended to

participate, but Bev is here and supporting the other

people and, you know, giving input to your committee,

Mr. Chairman, and then I run into Bell-Irving. Well,

I didn't run into him. I saw him and I said, "Is that

the same guy I used to know? And it turns out it is

the same guy I used to know.

And I had the privilege actually of meeting

his father, Budge, and sharing a dinner together. And

we go back as friends.

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4443

But I wanted to erase from the Aboriginal

People's minds, if it was at all in there, that I'm in

any way to do with Taseko Mines. Because I've got

nothing to do with Taseko Mines.

So thank you for allowing me to make that

very clear, Mr. Chairman.

Why would I make a presentation? Well,

basically to disclaim any relationship to

Rod Bell-Irving and Taseko Mines.

But that's not true. I mean, Rod and I, our

family goes back believe it or not four generations.

His great-great-grandfather or great-grandfather

helped to start the fishing, the canning industry in

the Province of British Columbia. And my father made

millions of dollars in the canning industry and in the

fishing industry more directly. This was at a time

when they were canning salmon to feed poor Europeans.

That's how the Bristol mine, the Bristol and Canfisco

and all those other industries came together. And my

father made a great deal of money. But I'll tell you,

if your grandfather was alive and my grandfather was

alive, they wouldn't be making any money today. It's

an industry we destroyed.

I mean the Bell-Irving family did not destroy

it and the Bell-Irving family were just entrepreneurs

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4444

like anybody else.

And I think that's a lesson to be learned is

salmon is such a precious commodity to us that I

understand even now, in this territory, there aren't

any more. Or if there are, there's so few and far

between us, you can't have, even my wife, Bev Sellars,

you know, we have no canned fish. And we used to get

somewhere, as people were saying, my cousin used to

drop 150 sockeye, Johnson Straight sockeye, on my

father's lawn, and over one night we would clean it

and can it. And we never smoked sockeye of course

because it was too rich. And we would have enough for

the whole family. Those days are long gone. Long

gone. And I think there's a lesson to be learned out

of such an important resource. And that important

resource of course is based on water purity and the

use of the fish in a reasonable and responsible

manner.

And to make no bones about it, I, I find

Taseko Mines' proposal, and I've read it. I mean, I,

I knew in high school that water ran downhill, Rod. I

don't know what took you so long.

But I, I have seen this everywhere. In James

Bay, I've seen it in the northern pipeline. I

participated in the Bircher Inquiry in those hearings.

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4445

But now, some 35 years later, a lot of the Indian

Bands that were diametrically opposed to those

relationships in terms of the oil are in favour of it.

Times change. Different thing.

And I think why it, why they may now be in

favour of it is not because of desperation, it's

because the mining companies and the oil companies and

the people have done a better job than they did

before.

And maybe, like, this is not an and/or

situation. But it's not for me to decide. I mean, I

live here at the behest of the people, including Bev,

and I have the privilege of doing anything Bev tells

me to do.

Now, my concern, of course, is that I seen

the Committees, I was on the special committee on

Indian self-government. I was at the constitutional

table when we enshrined Section 35(1):

"Existing Aboriginal title and

treaty rights shall be hereby

recognized and affirmed and then

protected by Chapter 25 of the

Bill of Rights."

So the non-absentia clause would allow

Aboriginal People to have some special advantage. I'm

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4446

sure people like you are obviously aware of that.

And I know that this Panel, like any other

Panel, I mean, it can't be compared, of course,

Mr. Chairman, with all due respect, to the Berger

Inquiry because that was an act of Parliament, whereas

you are a creature of a department created by an act

of -- and you're simply doing a review in regard to

are the minimum standards of this Project to proceed

being met? That's pretty much the purview of your

inquiry? I would assume that is. Is it?

THE CHAIRMAN: Well, I wouldn't put it quite

that way, but.

CHIEF BILL WILSON: Well, we'll put it my way.

No. No, I mean the reality is that it is not

of such enormity, and I don't mean to depreciate it to

any one of the three of you, and I want to say,

Robert, Robert Connelly, I did Google you the other

day, and then also Bill, I've never met you before,

I'm sure I haven't. And then Nalaine Morin. Nalaine.

Very impressed with your credentials. I mean, your

engineering background and things like that.

But you know, you know, what you risk when

you're a good looking Indian person and you get high

levels of education, you know what you risk? Some

people think you might be biassed. Some people might

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4447

think even that you've got an opinion that matters.

Well, I'm sure you do. I'm sure you'll bring

it to bear. And it isn't really a race issue. It

isn't anything like that at all. I mean, the fact is

that we've done business in this province in a manner

that assumes, and you know very well, being from the

Teztan area, in a manner that assumed that business

was right and White was right and might was right, and

who cares what the Indians do, let's just fit them in

somewhere. Well, that's fortunately that's why these

environmental laws are passed, that's why these Review

Panels are taking place, for the protection of

Aboriginal People.

And what I've noticed is that you have a huge

David and Goliath situation here. And, I mean, you

have on the one hand, you know, millions and millions

and millions of dollars representing the, and

rightfully so, representing the mining consortium and

then you have, you know, thousands and thousands of

dollars representing your Review Panel, and the

structure and the secretariat that surrounds it, and

I'm aware of those kind of costs. But then on the

other hand, you have the White People who are

affiliated and not supportive of this. And you have

the Indian people that don't have any money.

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4448

I mean, they are having bake sales. And some

people are even selling beads and trinkets. My good

friend is selling. So they can bring people here.

And I know that maybe very well it's not

within the purview of your mandate or anything like

that, but the reality is that you're going to get a

picture because, and you know this I'm sure, because

of the lack of the ability to purchase top quality

people on a continuing basis, you are going to get an

obviously skewed picture of it. I mean of the whole

Project.

And that, that obviously bothers me. And I

want to just digress very shortly.

The land claims in British Columbia has been

an issue. I know this is not a land claims issue that

you're talking about here even though the existence of

Aboriginal title and treaty rights could have an

effect in terms of consultation, I understand that.

But the B.C. treaty process has been going on

for quite some time, and I hate to admit, but I was

one of the people that founded it. It's been

floundering and complete inaction, and I'm very

embarrassed about that. But nevertheless, getting

involved in processes that don't allow

decision-making, which is you are going to have to

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4449

make a decision, I know, or you're going to have to

make recommendations and they will go to the Minister

and the Minister will obviously take it to Cabinet and

then a decision will be made either at the Prime

Ministerial level or one would hope by the government

people we elect, good, bad or indifferent, but I

sometimes get the impression that most of these

decisions are made by Bay Street or the stockmarket or

world commodity prices. You know, that in fact we

aren't actually assessing the worth of the Project,

and I'm sure they have done very, very good work.

So it becomes a question of power and who

exercises it.

And Prosperity, good term, I don't know, my

complements to whichever PR firm came up with that

five-million-dollar idea. Hell of a PR thing, I mean.

But, you see, the problem is that it starts

with a "P". And I think we should call it something

else. Maybe. And very, as an Honour's English major,

reminds me of Edgar Allen Poe, more like The Pit and

the Pendulum. You are going to end up with a pit and

someone's going to get cut in this mess.

So there's going to be some problems going on

here.

So another thing that starts with "P", for

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4450

your information, is "poverty".

And what does this Project do about that even

if we get beyond the environmental concerns? And I

know that's not something that you can resolve.

But I listened to my friend Rod tell me that

the only footprints they are going to have are two

posts in the ground.

And he also told me that the tailings are

going to be like the sand in Waikiki Beach.

Well, I've been to Waikiki Beach, Rod.

And I've also been into tailing pits. And

they are not the same.

And it's little likelihood that anybody in

this audience among the Aboriginal People, save and

except for the people at the front here, will ever go

to Waikiki Beach because they wouldn't be able to

afford it.

And so it isn't like that, and that, you very

well know, is just fatuousness. I mean that is just

wrong. I mean, those tailing ponds, they produce acid

as soon as you put the tailings into the water. Just

by definition, it's H20, it's going to oxidise and

they start to leach immediately.

Now, I'm not an environmentalist. I mean, I

do have a conscience that way. But in compensation

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4451

for that, like, so Rod's saying, I know it's not you,

Rod, I know this is a corporation, and I like picking

on you, but that's, I know, I've known you for so

long, I know you can take it.

Let's look at it this way. You build a power

line, you kill a lake, you pollute the groundwater,

you alter the environment forever, and you leave with

a solemn offer of compensation for any damages that

may take place.

Well, first of all, I think that's immoral.

To me that is immoral to pollute in the name of

profit. But we do all the time.

But the other thing is that I think back to

my legal background, I was going to be an engineer,

too, Nalaine, but I was too dumb, so I went to law

school instead.

It's impossible, like, the corporation will

be here for 20 years or 15, or whenever, for however

long it's possible to operate this mine. And then

they will leave. And then they will cease to exist.

And you can't chase them. Because they don't

exist. It won't be Prosperity any longer. It will be

"More Prosperity" will be the company.

I mean, you see, and I do know about

corporate veil and piercing the corporate veil, how

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4452

you can hide behind success of the incorporated

companies, and the companies are good. I mean,

that's, we do it for various reasons, but the problem

is, you know, to make a promise that we're going to

pay you for damages we cause sounds a little

suspicious to me.

You know, like, you know, I think we should

dance and fool around together and then if you don't

like it, I'll, I'll give you your money back. I don't

know, it doesn't exist. Unless there's a fund

created, a large fund created to guarantee that it's

there. And that does not exist, even under the other

profit sharing things that exist, in the legislation

provincially, there is no guarantee that Indian people

are going to be compensated.

And why should they be compensated?

I'm not of the mind that, you know, it's,

it's, all or nothing. I don't know that. I'm not a

proponent for anybody. I'm speaking purely for

myself. I'm not speaking for any of the bands in the

area or Bev or any. This is just my opinion.

But I'm a free enterpriser. I know people

have to work. And the problem, of course, that I have

is if you've got millions of dollars, you can tell

anybody a lie you want to, over and over and over and

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4453

over and over again, and there's been a big lie told

here, and it's that Prosperity is going to bring

prosperity for the Williams Lake area.

Baloney. I mean, it couldn't be any further

from the truth. You're going to bring the skilled

crews in from somewhere else. You're going to bring

the equipment in from somewhere else. You're going to

bring the food in from somewhere else. Little or no

economic spin-off is going to take place in the

surrounding community of Williams Lake or McLeese

Lake.

The Indians certainly aren't going to get it.

So, I mean, that's just simply a lie. It's a

bull faced lie. Otherwise there'd be young Indian

kids and other people in and around the Williams Lake

area now graduating from metallurgy, from engineering,

from other places. There would be scholarship funds

set up by corporations like this one to train the

young kids that are here. They don't exist.

Skilled labour, brought in from somewhere

else.

Training, no training.

Goods, services, equipment, all will be

brought in.

Anyway, it leads me with the situation of

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4454

Goebbels. And I was a student of history. Goebbels

of course being the propaganda fellow for Hitler. He

said, "If you can tell a big enough lie, long enough

and loud enough, eventually it becomes the truth."

Well, it isn't the truth.

30 years from now, the mine will be gone.

And I got a kick out of the picture at the back where

there's the pit and then if you move down the lake,

there's Wasp Lake.

Isn't that the way -- I take Wasp Lake to

mean White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. They benefit, you

know, somehow, water flowing downhill, and then the

Indians are left with a pit and the disruption and all

of the other things.

Now, I think that there's a better way to do

it, and I can't tell you because I'm not a

businessman.

This has been in the process for a long time.

That ore has been in the ground discovered for an

awful long time. Now the capitalization and all the

other things that have come forth and the hoops you've

had to go through and other things like that, why

didn't you take a whole group of young Indian people

in the territory, because I think industry can be good

for you. I mean, you can -- they demonstrated it in

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4455

the Northwest Territories in some places where they

have trained Aboriginal People in some of the most

delicate operations for diamonds. And those people

are making good money.

Now, you know what's going to happen here.

And it's happened everywhere that I've seen

development over the last 66 years.

Chambermaid jobs and labourers cleaning

right-of-ways. When that's done, it's over. No jobs

in the mine. No jobs in the mill. No jobs in other

places like that. No jobs in merchandising. You

know, why aren't there efforts to be made to harvest

or to encourage entrepreneurial exercises on behalf of

the Indian people? There's no reason why each one of

the Bands in the surrounding area could not have a

corporation that could provide something to it.

Well, the thing that argues against that, of

course, is economy of scale. And you've got to buy it

somewhere cheap and in huge quantities.

So it wasn't done right from the start.

And I've seen the James Bay experience and

I've seen experiences all over the place when the

promises were made, and then when the people leave,

they are empty promises that are unenforcible in terms

of their taking.

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4456

And you got to remember something. This is

worth billions and billions and billions of dollars.

And it's probably going to shareholders or other

people around the world and very little of it is going

to rest in these communities here.

So I thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Chief Wilson.

I'll turn to Taseko. It's possible that

Mr. Bell-Irving may want to respond to some of those

comments. But I think you were quite clear, but I

want to ask him if he has any questions.

MR. BELL-IRVING: As always, Mr. Chairman, you

are absolutely correct, I do want to respond, but not

now.

Thank you, I have no questions.

THE CHAIRMAN: As you were saying, it is a

small world sometimes, isn't it, when you walk into a

room and see someone you've known for many years. The

same thing happened to me this morning at breakfast.

Any questions from the Panel.

MR. KLASSEN: I appreciate the comments,

but no questions.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, you may not have heard

that. Bill said he appreciated the comments but no

questions. And I also appreciate your presentation to

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4457

us, the seriousness of your message, but also the

sense of humour you brought within it, so much

appreciated.

Thank you very much, Chief Wilson.

CHIEF WILSON: My pleasure.

(Aboriginal Language Spoken).

THE CHAIRMAN: Our next speaker is

Darrell Billy, please.

PRESENTATION BY MR. DARRELL BILLY:

MR. D. BILLY: Good afternoon everyone. My

name is Darrell Billy. I'm a Shuswap member of the

Canoe Creek Band here. I live in Dog Creek.

Yeah, this is my home. I've grown-up here.

Well, I moved away for a time, but one of my concerns,

I mean, regarding Taseko Mines what's happening here

is one of my concerns is the, like, the draining of a

lake and, like, you're going to make a man-made lake.

And through what I've seen of a man-made lake, like, I

lived in Alberta for a time, and there I seen what a

man-made lake looks like. It's unreal, like, like it

was dead. Like, how can a, how can a person expect to

move, like, original life, wildlife, to like, make

your own sort of thing?

Like, the destruction of wildlife and just

natural habitat is pretty unreal, I believe. But the

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4458

man-made lake I seen was, like, there was nothing. It

was dead. Like the fish that were in there, or

whatever, planted, transplanted, moved, they were,

they looked like dead, dead swimming, sort of thing.

And it was there was nothing growing in the water or

in the, like, weeds. But that's part of my concern.

Or besides that, yeah, the destruction of the

lake itself. And the Tsilqot'in People and their ways

of life. That's a part of their ways of life. It's,

like, like, all the wildlife, the fish survival, like

we've heard here today that that's their way of living

life. But, yeah, it's pretty unreal. Like, I can't

understand a lot of it, like.

To, like, ruin a lake, like, oh, how in the

world do you do something like that? I can't ...

And other things and that is my other concern

is that transmission line going through our territory.

I'm concerned regarding all the social impact is going

to bring, like, a lot of people in. Like, Vancouver,

like, I, I've heard of people coming in from

Vancouver, Victoria, like, all over, like, just like,

I have experienced it out there, I've been hunting and

fishing. Like, I fished on Little Dog where the

line's going cross. I've done fishing there. And as

I've heard here today, like, salmon stocks are, like,

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4459

not like they used to be in my younger day.

I grew up learning my ways, the ways of my

people, for survival. Hunting, fishing, and things

are just not the same any more. Just I consider it

because of, like, all the roads and the access. The

new access way. Or our roads, yeah, I guess that's

what it is.

And I feel that a transmission line is going

to only open it up for, like, more to the public and

there'll be, like, hunters, like, the lower -- like,

there's not much for wildlife, moose, deer as it is.

Yeah, I have actually experienced trying to

hunt out there and there's, like, just ATVs, off-road

vehicles, you can hear shots.

Like, actually I worked as a silviculture

worker and I've actually had fears to go out to work

because of the, because hearing gunshots and, like,

like, every, like, close, close by. And it's, like,

way out.

And it's just, like, I believe it's going to

bring more social destruction to our territory.

I've actually seen -- I worked across the

river to ranching. I've seen deer. Like, that's the

part of it. Deer laying, the whole carcass, just the

head cut off. Those are things I've seen. Like, and

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4460

there's, that's just not only one, there's lots. I

mean, a lot of them I've seen.

And I believe that would be, that just make

things worse. Like, in time.

But, yeah, yeah. Oh, a lot of things are

going down because of our wildlife, fish. Just

something -- so much, I guess, what do they say, the

social impact. It's just more people are coming in

because of the opening up, like, the lines, the ATVs

and dirt-bikes. It's like it's not safe to be out

there at times.

So that's kind of where I'm concerned. Other

than the ruining of the lake and, like, the people,

that that's been our ways, our ways as Native People.

All our lives. And and it's just a fear there seeing,

seeing this happening.

But, yeah. Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Billy. I'll

see if Taseko has any questions. I think we might

have if you can stay there for a moment.

Nalaine.


MS. MORIN: Thank you. I just have a

question about the man-made lake that you discussed.

Do you know, does anyone fish there?

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4461

MR. BILLY: Yes, yes, I did see

fishermen.

MS. MORIN: You do see fishermen there?

MR. BILLY: And it kind of made me sad

because the fish I seen at the lake, they were awful,

like they were dead already. Like, there was no real

vegetation in the lake. It's awful. Just awful.

I seen people fishing there, though, but. I,

like, I never stuck around to see if they caught

anything, but.

MS. MORIN: Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Just to follow up on that.

Where was this lake? I was just curious, was this in

Alberta somewhere.

MR. BILLY: Alberta, yes. Yeah, that's

why I'm kind of concerned. Yeah, it was Alberta,

Lethbridge.

THE CHAIRMAN: Around Lethbridge?

MR. BILLY: Yes.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Would it have

been caused by or created by a dam, perhaps? If it

was Lethbridge, it probably wasn't a mining operation,

was it?

MR. BILLY: No, it wasn't a mining

operation. I don't believe so. But, when you say

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4462

making a lake, that's where I thought, like, wow, how

can -- it's just not the same, like, it can't be the

same, like, wildlife, it's -- like the fish really

look dead already. Like they were swimming, but they

were -- the water wasn't the same. And but that's

where my concern was. Other than, yeah, ruining the

original, like, natural, the natural, that's all.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, thank you, Mr. Billy,

for your thoughts and bringing your views to us this

afternoon.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: The next presentation is I

believe two people, Gerald Duncan and Burt Samson,

please.

PRESENTATION BY MR. GERALD DUNCAN AND MR. BERT SAMSON:

THE CHAIRMAN: Sorry, we're ready. Just

proceed when you're able to.

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: Thank you, Chair. As you

know, my name is Gerald Duncan, Councillor Canoe Creek

Indian Band.

I would just like to introduce myself for

now. I have the Elder to my left here, I'll let him

introduce himself and he's going to go before me.

ELDER BERT SAMSON: My name is Bert Samson. I'm

a Band Elder. I'm from here at Dog Creek. I turned

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4463

68 on Tuesday, last Tuesday.

This is a big thing for me. I never done this

before. But I'll talk some hunting. The transmission

line that goes through there, goes right through the

middle of the deer crossing from the Fraser River up.

Also on the other end, other end, there's moose hunting.

I believe there's an Elder in earlier years had a trap

line there, too.

Down over towards Little Dog and earlier

years, too, there's I believe there's one cabin down

there that they used to have for, what was it, a

trapping cabin, I guess, and hunting.

Like I was saying, right through, right

through there was the trapping and down by the river is

fishing. Fishing. I heard a story about in the earlier

years with somebody I used to work with on the sawmills.

This was way back in the '60s. We were working over

there in the bush mills and then one day we went for a

walk over towards, as was, Ward Creek, where a

transmission line was going to go through. That day we

went for a walk way down right over the, looked down on

the river. And he was showing me where the Chinese had

their, their, way back in 1800s, where they had their

houses and what, and there was quite a village of them

there.

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4464

They had big gardens there. And the Native

People, on the other side of the river, and they were,

they said there was a big camp there for fishing.

I guess the Chinese used to do their, do their

trading with the Indian people for vegetables and for

dry fish and dry meat.

Way further over from the, about five

kilometres away from the transmission line, too, there's

pit homes there. And above the road where there, it

crosses the creek there, there's a big spring up there.

My dad used to work there, too, and he was

telling me he used to find arrowheads there all the time

and right up by the spring up above there.

Also along through the transmission line.

And if, if this transmission line goes

through, I think it will be diminishing value to our, to

for trapping, gathering medicines and berries.

The old, the older people that were way back

then, I guess they were, they used to trap all, trap and

hunt all through there before my time.

And we still do today. We, I, I, I see a lot

of deer through there now. And we have mountain sheep

through there. And we have moose. And not too many

people do any trapping anymore. We still hunt through

there.

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4465

Probably all through, all through to Nemiah

Valley would be the same, same thing. Diminishing value

to our way of life and for Tsilqot'in People.

I don't think a big scar in the ground is

going to lead to good hunting for the rest of the people

over that way.

I don't know if you have any plans for

compensation for those people. Probably not. But I

seen that mine coming over from Logan Lake to Ashcroft,

probably would be the same thing over there, so.

That's about all I have to have for now.

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: Yeah, thank you. As I said

before, my name is Gerald Duncan. I'm from Canoe

Creek, elected Band Councillor.

You heard my testimony as a Pestwewtmc just

yesterday. Today I'll also make testimony on

Stswecem'c Stl'atl'imc, as a person of Canoe Creek.

And my hunting, fishing background here.

I would like to start up in where you want to

start out the transmission line, just like my Elder

here said, we hunt moose in that area.

Down below the transmission line, there's a

little area there, a watershed down below. We fished

trout. All the way along down the transmission line

down to the place we call Little Dog, we've always

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4466

hunted deer there. We hunt deer there year-round.

It's an area we depend on as hunters. I grew

up a hunter.

As First Nations People, we grew up doing

different things. Fishermen, hunters. I grew up as a

hunter. A horseman. Another thing up at the start of

the transmission line, we have a wild horse range

there. And that hasn't been mentioned, that we as

First Nations People, we like to go and chase wild

horses and bring them in. I know the Ministry of

Environment, the Cattlemen Association, all them other

organizations see wild horses as a burden. But not

the First Nations people. We don't see them as a

burden. They have been here long before the cattle

were.

And back in the day, a lot of the First

Nations People, a lot of my Elders and ancestors,

depended on them wild horses. They ran, roamed free

in our area years ago, more than there is today.

The wild horses, you know, they provided

transportation for our People all over this

countryside. Probably all the way back over the

Chilcotin place. They have wild horses.

And I would just like to, you know, I would

just like to mention that, you know, right at that

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4467

line, you know, you are going to be building a fence

on that transmission line, too. That's going to be

holding back them horses, too.

You know, they have a wide range. We would

like to see them stay in that range.

As far as hunting moose there, and then going

down to Little Dog hunting deer, like I said, you

know, that's a winter deer range. They stay there all

winter. They stay there right from fall right through

to winter. And when most of the deer leave that area,

there's very few that stay back, which we still hunt

during the spring, summer. And then when the rest of

the deer return.

Also, the salmon fishery is, like you heard

from yesterday, we fish salmon there. We fish salmon

in the Little Dog area. And the Little Dog area or

what we call Little Dog, it's not just that little

area, it's that whole area from right where we were

standing all the way up to the old airport, back down,

it's a wide range.

And it's, like, you heard from an Elder this

morning speak about the salmon. I'm one of the

people. We, as First Nations People, we like to

conserve stuff also, and we know that the supply is

running low.

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4468

As a fisherman, I was fishing since I was

five years old until I was old enough to swing a dip

net. All them years of catching lots of salmon, last

year was the first year I didn't catch one salmon.

That's because our salmon stocks are so depleted. And

as a First Nations People, that's pretty disturbing

that we have to be the ones to step back and start

conserving when others don't.

We are left to clean up the mess. And that's

very sad that my grandchildren might not have the

salmon. They might not be able to hunt the areas we

depend on.

I was just concerned that if that power line

goes through there at Little Dog, are the deer going

to stay there? Are they going to continue to winter

range there? Are they going to stay in that same area

or are they going to move out?

I know every year there are more and more

hunters. Every year there are more and more ATVs,

trucks. Every year there's another person old enough

to come out and hunt.

And I know, as you heard earlier, Bill talk

about treaty. We're in treaty. Northern Shuswap.

We're in stage 4. We're trying to get out of stage 4.

And I don't know if you guys even considered

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4469

looking at our rights. Because it gets pretty

frustrating as a leader elected by your people who

look up to you to go and sit in front of people who

just moved into this land 150 years ago and sit here

and have to tell you who I am, who my people are, what

they did on this land. Explain to you who I am, like

I'm a First Nations. You know, what was I doing here

before 150 years? What was I doing here 20 years ago?

Like, it gets frustrating explaining

ourselves, not only us as Shuswap, but all the First

Nations across B.C.. We have to identify ourselves.

Like if we weren't here. Why we are here. We were

here long before you guys came and we're going to be

here long before (sic) you leave.

It's just like with the mine. You say you're

going to take the line out, put it back the way it

was. It's like I said when I was over in the Pestwewt

area, when I was back in the mountains 27 years ago,

they said they were going to reclaim all the logging

areas. It doesn't look the same. It never will.

Maybe another 300 years, because it takes a

lot of these trees out here are three, four hundred

years old.

You know, I'm not going to be here 300 years

from now to see the land go back to where it was. If

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4470

it ever will.

But I would just like to leave you with that.

That you understand, as us as leaders, you know, and

us people as people of this land, we have to keep

getting up here and explaining ourselves.

I'm telling you who we are.

It should be the other way around. You

should be telling us who you are, why you're here.

You know, nobody came and asked us if you

could come and build a mine in here. Nobody came here

and said, okay, can we do this? You know, we're

sitting here just, you know, explaining so you guys

can bring it back to Ottawa to make that judgment.

And they didn't come over here and ask us if we wanted

that, what we wanted.

So that's what I would like to leave you

with.


Thank you, Chair.

DR. STADFELD: Just one point for the record

there. The trout lake that you were referring to,

what's the name of that lake?

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: It's Brigham, Brigham Dam.

DR. STADFELD: Okay, thank you.


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4471

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Questions?

I have a few. I was trying to situate

Brigham Lake, Brigham Dam on the map, and I couldn't

do that, and perhaps we can get that situated by

Taseko at some point to clarify. It's east of here, I

understand; is that correct? Yeah, yeah. How far

roughly, just so I can situate that?

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: It's, you know, it's right up

this watershed here. And it's right by the start of

the transmission line. It's only a few kilometres.

And then there's a watershed that comes down off of

it. And that's Brigham Dam. And it's not very far

from that transmission line. But you'll be able to

see it on a map. It should be right on one of the

maps there.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, thank you. It's closer

to the north/south transmission line, is that it?

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: Yeah, it's closer to the,

yeah, the southern part.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, I think I've probably

spotted it here on the computer. But anyway, we'll

verify that later.

A couple of other questions. You mentioned

the deer winter range and it's along the river, is it,

the Dog Creek area along the river? Is that, if I

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4472

understood correctly?

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: Yes. You're kind of right.

It's along the river. It's also right where the

transmission line, if I had the map there I'd show

you, right where we were standing and you see that

treed area we had to drive through, right there. That

treed area is a winter range area. And then you see

that the treed area go across the road and down

through the plateaus. Right in that whole area. And

then all the way back behind there. That's winter,

deer winter range area.

You know, I don't know if -- from different

perspective, I don't want to say White Man's way of

things, but that's what we know it as First Nations

People as a winter deer range area. That's my

knowledge of growing up. Of knowing and hunting there

my whole life.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. There's also a

deer winter range on the west side of the Fraser as

well further to the west, as I understand it. Is that

an area where you or your people hunt as well for

deer?

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: Yes. It's like you heard my

testimony yesterday, as a Pestwewtmc, like I said at

the beginning. I'm a Pestwewtmc. I hunt there, too.

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4473

There is a winter deer range there. It's quite vast.

It's huge. And I hunt there my whole life, too. I

hunt this whole area. Like I said before, I grew up

hunting, I'm a hunter.

THE CHAIRMAN: That concludes my

questioning. I think that's everything, then. Thank

you very much again for your presentation today.

COUNCILLOR G. DUNCAN: Thank you very much.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Our next speaker is Rosemary

Jack.

PRESENTATION BY MS. ROSEMARY JACK:

DR. STADFELD: So, if we could just begin,

if you can introduce yourself a bit more for the

Panel, Rosemary.

MS. R. JACK: Hi, my name's Rosemary Jack.

I come from Canoe Creek Reserve. It's pretty good to

have you guys here in our community. I feel like this

is a historical moment. I never really look at myself

as a Canadian, but this feels like the first time I've

ever met with Canadians to discuss the future of our

People and our land. This is one of the first

opportunities I've had.

I'm 44 years old. I have seven children.

And whatever decision you guys make about this mine,

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4474

it affects our future, it affects our land. We are

the land.

In my whole life, I've never found a job that

I like besides speaking up for the animals, protecting

the water, and trying to salvage what's left of our

culture and our traditions.

I'm the youngest, I'm the second youngest.

My cousin spoke here yesterday. She recently got

married. Her name is Phyllis Webstad. She is the

youngest Residential School survivor in my family. My

grandmother, all my aunts and all my uncles went to

Residential School. And it's affected our lives.

50 percent of my learning came from school.

And it was very difficult for me to get a grasp of

that. I don't know my own Shuswap language. And I

struggle with the, with the language I'm speaking

right now. There was a lot of big words used here

today.

But I think in order to make a decision about

what you're going to do, what your plans are, it was

good of you to come here and listen to my side of the

story.

The land means our food. The water means our

food. There's medicines out there. I have seven

children. And the only time I bring them to the

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4475

doctor is when something breaks.

The rest of that time, if something happens,

I can talk to the Elders or people I know who know the

medicine. I don't carry very much of that cultural

knowledge or traditional knowledge. But I do know

people around me that do. If I need help about what

to do, which direction to take, I go and I ask them.

My children's future is at stake. I have

three of them over here with me. A little girl,

Angelina, Dhillon, and Nate's in the front wearing the

Budweiser toque. I love my kids. And their future is

in your hands.

All the speakers I heard today were

excellent.

And it was cool when Bill Wilson actually

mentioned poverty. This feels, this meeting feels

like a battle to me. We're fighting over the hammer.

That's how much the land and the animals mean to me.

Listening to Sandra Archie speak earlier and

looking at the people out here, we were almost wiped

out.

We're fighting over the hammer here. Who's

going to put the nail in whose coffin.

I have a fishing story about making dry fish

five years ago, which is when I first learned how.

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4476

And as Gerald spoke of here earlier, I didn't get any

fish last year. And I didn't get any fish the year

before that. That's how vital it is to my future. I

could have put effort into it and I could have went

out and I could have got some fish. My little girl is

three years old and dry fish is her favourite food.

I have a 28-year-old brother and a

26-year-old son and their favourite thing is pulling

salmon out of that Fraser River.

I had problems, they used to come home with

so many fish, I couldn't clean them and prepare them

all by myself. So I made a rule in our family:

Whatever fish you catch, you have to clean it.

So Curtis, who is my husband over there, our

responsibility was for cutting and hanging the dry

fish.

I remember being a young girl and living on

dry meat. Now if I get dry meat, I hide it on the

rest of the family.

My favourite movies, I would like you to get

to know who I am, my favourite movies are horror

movies.

I took public speaking a few times in life

skills. I went to high school. I went to high school

for five years and when I left, I barely had a

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4477

Grade 9.

I have a prisoner's number, a status card

number, and a driver's licence.

But the scariest thing I ever saw was when I

was driving along and I saw tailings for the first

time in my life. Me and my auntie were driving around

Logan Lake somewhere, and you know I watch scary

movies, and I was driving, we were driving along and I

was looking at the scenery. And I seen this big huge

lake full of sludge. And, "Aaaaah, aaaaah, what the

hell is that! Aaaaah", I said, "Oh, my God." I

thought the aliens were coming, you know, I thought

this was some kind of trap. I said, "What the heck is

that?" I'd never seen it in my life. And my aunt,

she went to university and everything, and she just

explained to me what it was.

But every time for the next two weeks that I

thought about that, it sent a chill through me, you

know.

Are any of our -- you know, the animals, are

they eating it? You know. Is it, is there tests

being done, you know?

It's good to have you here in our community

of Dog Creek because you had the respect enough to

come and hear what our points of view were.

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4478

It feels like this is the first time we've

had the opportunity to work hand-in-hand with the

Chilcotins. We're making history here today.

The mutual respect in the laws of the land

that we share.

I speak for myself as an individual. I know

the future can be better for all of our children if we

just learn to work together in harmony.

Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mrs. Jack. Are

there any questions? No.

We don't have any questions, but we

appreciate your views and your presentation to us this

afternoon. Thank you.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Our next speaker is Harold

Harry.

PRESENTATION BY MR. HAROLD HARRY:

MR. H. HARRY: My name is Harold Harry.

From Stswecem'c. Welcome to Xgat'tem.

My dad is Antoine Harry from Dog Creek. My

mom is from Sugar Cane.

My grandmother is Lily Harry. My

grandfather's Willie Harry.

I'm from the Esketemc Nation.

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4479

My grandmother's from here.

My great-grandmother's from Canim Lake.

My grandfather's from here. He's part of the

smallpox that we talked about, that you've been

hearing all through the hearings. And it always comes

up, our history of our People.

We are a Shuswap people.

We are a Tsilhqot'in People.

And one of the things that I work with that

our community over the last few years has been dealing

with are our burial sites. And that's one of my

concerns within the transmission line, within the gold

mine, the archeology sites. And that's very sensitive

to our People.

Right now we have two burial sites that we're

dealing with. The roadways, they come along and do

work and they dig up our ancestors. There's a road

that goes through there that's been there for years.

We talk about Brigham Lake. That's in that area.

So that's high potential up for archaeology

sites. My grandfather had a cabin there. Our

community members. Right in that area.

All through the -- from Dog Creek dome to

Little Dog, my grandfather and my dad trapped, hunted.

I do some of the work with my people and they

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4480

take me out and show me the areas. And I record it.

My sister was here talking today. My auntie

was here talking today. But they share what they can.

They don't -- they haven't shared what all the things

that they know about our People.

So within the transmission line, we know or

do you know that there are burial sites within the

archaeology?

When we find our People, we bury them in the

same place that they are found. We do not move them.

We have worked with the first time that I,

that I worked with burials, that we had some human

remains in the university since 1982. And they

approached us to do research, to do DNA. And we

accepted. We need to know a part of our history.

And we identified the remains as 5,000 years

old.

China Lake, there was two individuals as

twins and we had another one at Big Bar Lake, a lady.

Sometimes our people are pushed. You hear

all the speakers, wanting to know who we are, so we

know who we are as People.

I went to Residential School. About

80 percent of our People.

We saw our parents two months of the year.

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But I was able, but my dad taught me in the time that

we spent together.

He took me and my brother out, showed us how

to trap.

Our People would like to have that time

alone. And that's the time when they go out on the

land, to have that peace. And that's where I find

that peace is out there.

When we're out there, we trapped squirrels,

lynx, fisher, coyote.

When I was out there with my dad, we caught a

coyote and right then and there he fixed it. Took out

his knife, showed me how to do it. But for me, it

took me longer to prepare a hide.

If I can remember, the squirrels were a

dollar to two dollars, and the lynx were worth more

money than the coyotes and the other animals.

I learned that the fisher had a harder neck,

a harder -- the way you -- we had a long, a long stick

with a snare on the end, and that's how, how we got

close to the animals.

But the fisher was harder, he took longer to

die.

My grandmother was a hunter. Killed a

cougar, deer. My grandfather took me out when I was a

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little child, gave me that name Hooloo.

He didn't know how to say my name. But the

nickname comes to you.

It's really hard when you talk, we talk about

the spirits. We talk about the visions that we have.

And one of my visions was the burials. It's powerful.

And that's in my journey. That's part of my journey.

Our ancestors. To look after them. They keep on

coming back. They resurface. You are directed

towards them.

My dad told me about the posts that are out

there, about the squirrel, he said there's a poster,

the White people they come and they throw it away.

But the messengers, they come. They tell you.

We're at a journey to find our spirituality.

It's very powerful. We make commitments with

ourselves. Finding our way back, you go to the

mountain. We pray. We find out about our history.

About our People. We use the drum to sing to give us

strength. To come together as First Nations. To

share. We have a hard time to deal with things. We

get emotional. That's our feelings. We all have

feelings.

So what is the truth? We tell the truth.

There are a lot of things that are environmental. The

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4483

money. How do you get that?

Talk about survival. We talk about the deer

and the moose. The fish. That's what we live on.

Our gardens.

We go to town, buy groceries, put our money

there also.

But my question was about the burials. Where

our People are buried.

In the last few years, we've been dealing

with our burial sites along the river.

Our medicine people are buried.

How is Taseko Mines going to deal with that?

You can't move it.

How are they going to deal with the lake,

Fish Lake, with all the archeology?

Do they know that?

How are they going to deal with the pit

homes?

It's not only in that area, it's all over the

land. There are places where archaeology isn't

recorded that our People know of.

And you read some of the documents in the

archaeology, they aren't accurate. Some are done

years back. How were the recording systems back then?

It's not like today. It's not -- you talk about

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specific sites. We use the whole area.

You talk about Little Dog Creek. That's a

big area.

For the transmission line, my grandfather and

my dad, my family, my aunts, lived in that area. We

had cabins all in there. It's also where our People

go fasting.

I could use a fast right now!

They did pit cooking.

There's wild horse corrals that Gerald

talked, talked about back in that area there.

Where our old people sometimes are, when our

People talk, they talk about the old people, referring

to people that came before them.

They have different ways of talking.

The way we understand it.

Talk about the old people who made those wild

horse corrals. They had wings on them. They have

names for those, those areas.

We're still finding out about the areas.

About the names.

As you come into the Reserve here, we call

the cliffs there Quilt Camp.

Some of our People haven't heard about it.

Some of our People have. We share that, the meanings

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to that cliff.

We talk about porcupines. I saw a porcupine

there the other day coming home.

Porcupines are around. They are out there.

They come and go. They give you messages,

you know. Talk about little people. There's little

people up on the mountain. In the lakes. Around the

lakes.

We have stories from First Nations People

about the little people.

Some of the things I wanted to share as First

Nations People, we have our, what we want to share

with, with other Nations. They have their stories,

their own stories.

Little Dog Creek, my dad collected sugar

there from the fir trees, where the line is coming

down.

As First Nations People, will always collect

from the land, what we need. If it's there, if it's

not destroyed, we'll harvest what we need.

There's a lot that our People have to share

that they, that they need the support to come forward

and talk. For me, it's something that my dad shared.

Sometimes I watch and learn from my dad. Always

something you learn, you do it. If not, you ...

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My mom passed away when I was 18 going to

school. And out of that, two months a year, that's

not much time to spend with your mother.

My dad also know how to tan deer and fish.

His mom taught him.

They all teach their children. Sometimes, in

hard times we have to know how to do things.

We don't have no hurricanes, no tornadoes.

Why is that?

Maybe a tremble in Vancouver.

First Nations People have power. The

medicine people, that pray for the land, look after

the land.

We're on Reserves. And will always be. We

find a way to live off Reserve. Most of the people

here, we live here in this small Reserve, and over in

Canoe Creek side, IR number 1, IR number 1 here, IR

number 1, crowded. We have our fields for our cattle

and horses. Our People work the land.

We survived some of the history that was put

in front of us.

It will take a lot away, you put the

transmission line it. Take away the medicines. It's

not only us that need the medicines. The animals.

Our People buried the eggs from the fish.

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Put it away for a year.

The burial sites are sensitive. We have to

do our prayers to prepare them.

We use the trees and the juniper. We travel

a long ways when we need our ...

Everything's connected.

Thank you for listening.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Harry. Are

there any questions?

We don't have any questions, Mr. Harry, but

thank you for bringing your thoughts to us here today.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: The last speaker I have on my

list before we turn to Taseko is Councillor Patrick

Harry, please.

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Is there a pointer?

MR. BELL-IRVING: I have one.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay, looks like we're ready

to go, are we?

Councillor Harry, whenever you're ready,

please proceed.

PRESENTATION BY COUNCILLOR PATRICK HARRY:

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Hello. Hi, my name is

Patrick Harry. I'm a council member here at Xgat'tem.

And first of all, I would just like to thank

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the Panel for coming out and all the work you've been

involved in up to this point. And also Taseko coming

out. And everyone else that's involved here.

Also I would like to thank the Panel for

allowing the site visit yesterday. That meant a lot

to us to be able to take you out there and show you,

show you a part of our territory that means a lot to

us: Little Dog.

It's important because, you know, with these

decisions that we're making, these decisions that are

put in front of you, you know, I don't think they can

be made from sitting in the gym here, unless you get

out. Or from the air; you can't make those kind of

decisions just by flying over. And you don't know

what you're looking for unless you're -- without help

from us. Flying over the line might be pointless if

you don't know what's going to be impacted.

That area down there is important to us. I'm

going to focus on that Fraser River crossing first of

all, where the transmission line crosses the Fraser,

which is right in here (indicating). Right in there

is where we were yesterday, I believe.

We have Arc sites down in this area

(indicating), so this is the road where we were

yesterday. We all travelled down here (indicating)

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from up here (indicating). But we have Arc sites

right here (indicating). I can't read the number on

there right now, but that Arc site there is a

petroglyph on a rock cliff. And this Arc site is

being impacted right now and affected by recreational

activities. We have pictographs on that rock that are

being rubbed off because we have rock climbers that

come out and practice there. And the ropes from

their, that they use to climb the rock, are rubbing up

against our pictographs and rubbing them off. And,

you know, that's an effect from, like, outsiders and

people coming into -- it means nothing to them to

climb that rock. But, you know, my kids won't be able

to see that or I won't be able to show them a part of

history that I know about now.

And also there's a village site right up in

here (indicating). It's about 80 -- I think there was

about 88 pit homes that we GPS'd. And right at the

bottom here (indicating), there's the local ranches

feeding cows out of those pit homes, and the cows are

trampling all over them. They have large tires there

that they feed their cows out of. And they have

water, like, troughs there.

So those are just a couple of examples of how

our Arc sites are being impacted. And as Harold was,

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before me, he -- you know, these sites mean a lot to

our people. And, you know, to -- it doesn't -- it's

not just, you know, people coming in and having an

effect on them or impacting them. It's, you know, a

part of our history that we're never going to get

back. It's not a renewable resource. It's not

sustainable.

You call the archaeology "resources", but

they're -- there's got to -- there's a different word

for them because they can't be -- you know, they are

not renewable or -- it's not like we can just go down

and make another one.

Okay. And in these areas here (indicating),

this is within a 2-kilometre range I believe of the

transmission line corridor. And I've just -- these

are recorded sites all along the Fraser, up in here

(indicating), and mainly around these hydrology sites,

creeks, small, small streams, springs. And we have

some more down here (indicating).

So these sites range from petroglyph sites,

cache pit sites, lithic scatters, fire-cracked rocks,

final remains, which is bone, pictographs, and burial

sites which -- burial sites aren't up there, but we

have burial sites in the area. But if, you know --

we're not going to show them here. But, you know, if

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we need to, then we have it on -- in the office,

but...

So the way our People settled, like, if you

fly from Williams Lake to Vancouver, you'll notice

that, with each of the valleys that comes off the

Fraser, say, you drove past Alkali on the way down

here, and that's a valley. So people settled in these

valleys. Dog Creek here, it's a valley, we settled

here. Canoe Creek is the next valley down. We have a

settlement there. And just down from there, we have

another settlement. It's not Canoe Creek, but another

First Nation, High Bar, that settled there.

So all the way down here, we have settlements

in these valleys. And, as you can see on this side,

these small valleys also have a lot of Arc sites. And

this one right here (indicating).

And coming down those valleys, there's water.

So that's the main reason these sites are located

there. And wherever there's water, there's a higher

potential for Arc sites.

So as you see right here (indicating),

there's a stream there, Ward Creek, I believe. And

McEwen Creek. They are loaded with Arc sites. And

the only area that hasn't had the work done on it is

this area here (indicating) where the proposed

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4492

transmission line is going to cross.

And I believe once the work is done there,

that this area here (indicating) is going to look like

this area here (indicating) with the Arc sites

recorded there.

And also with the -- the Arc potential also

skyrockets when there's fish-bearing streams or, like,

this, the river, especially, so our People -- and our

People were talking about how important the salmon was

and fish. So these, these streams were also used as

transportation corridors. And to trade salmon. And

also to move from place to place looking for fish and

also hunting.

But this, this transmission corridor,

proposed transmission corridor, crosses 125 of these

creeks, streams, the river. And I'm just trying to

make the point that there hasn't been the work done on

this line yet to know where all these Arc sites are.

And if it's crossing all these streams, then, you

know, there's high potential that any one of these

streams could look like this with the recorded Arc

sites. And those are only the ones that are recorded.

You know, there may have been more missed along the

way.

These benches, like this one here that we

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pointed out on the site visit just across where the

corridor wants to -- the proposed corridor is going to

go up the side hill there, those benches are high

potential for burial sites. And some of the burial

sites that we have found are located on the plateau

above the Fraser River.

And we have done a lot of work on -- one of

the burial sites that we have done work on is at Churn

Creek. And that burial site's right above the Fraser

River. And it's been impacted by a road put right

through the middle of it. And even now, if you go

down there, you'll -- the possibility of seeing bone

coming out of the side hill. And one of our People

even found a skull coming out of the side.

But it doesn't -- I don't think it really

matters if this line was 7 kilometres north or south.

The work hasn't been done to identify where the sites

are. And the work has to be done first to

determine -- well, an archeology assessment must be

conducted first to determine what is there and how to

mitigate.

But I just wanted to make the point that

these, these benches, like this one here (indicating),

these flat areas, and these streams are loaded with

Arc sites. And the only reason this one isn't is

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4494

because the work hasn't been done on that area.

And also our People are here providing

information the best, the best we can. You know,

because it's also estimated that 40 to 80 percent --

we lost 40 to 80 percent of our knowledge, our

traditional knowledge with the different epidemics;

smallpox, the flu. We lost a lot of people. And, you

know, what we have left is what we have left, to our

knowledge. And we're here providing what we have, you

know.

So that was the point I wanted to make about

the transmission corridor and the archeology potential

that's there. And we're not going to know what's

really there unless the work's done. And I don't know

how you could make a decision on where to put the

centre line if that work's not done first.

Another issue that arises from the

transmission corridor is the spreading of invasive

plants. Because we have, like, with the existing line

we have in our territory already, we can't keep

control of anyone that travels on that line as it is

now.

And one of the Elders earlier was talking

about, you know, not being able to eat the plants on

that line and seeing invasive plants along the

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roadsides on the way there.

But just for the record, I would like to just

name a few of the plants that we're -- that can

potentially be brought out here from other parts of

the province. So we have:

- marsh plume thistle.

- meadow Knapweed.

- nodding thistle.

- orange hawkweed.

- perennial pepperweed.

- plumeless thistle.

- purple loosestrife.

- spotted knapweed.

- St. John's wort.

- sulphur sinkfoil.

- tansy ragwort.

- yellow flag iris.

- and yellow hogweed.

Those are just some of the invasive plants

that exist in B.C. now.

And it's not only about the invasive plants

that are in the Cariboo, because people will be coming

out here to -- like, we have a lot of people coming

from all over the province to come out here now and

hunt. So who's to say that they are not carrying

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4496

these, they won't be carrying these different seeds on

their vehicles when they access the transmission line.

And I think that's a risk that would be there.

And also in this area down here (indicating)

by Little Dog, we have badger. Badger is a species at

risk. And we have -- we've done work with the

Ministry of Environment Species at Risk to study

badger habitat. And we have areas down in Little Dog

that are -- have badger holes there. So those species

would be further endangered by people accessing the

line.

I also wanted to talk a bit about the fire

hazard. You know, we've experienced some, some pretty

big fires out here in the past few years. Like, just

down in this area further southwest, there was the

Kelly Lake fire last year, which was pretty huge. And

I think with any of the new parks, new transmission

corridors, there's -- it elevates the risk for the

fire danger just because of access and because this

line will have wooden poles or people driving up and

down them. They could throw out a cigarette and

there's a lot of dead pine up in the Brigham, Brigham

Lake area.

So that risk would be there just with the,

the more access to the corridor. Like, more people

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4497

accessing it and driving up and down it.

So those are just a few of the points I

wanted to make. And that's my presentation.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Councillor Harry.

I will just see if there are any questions.

Taseko?

QUESTIONS BY TASEKO MINES:

MR. BELL-IRVING: Councillor Harry, referring

to that map and the Arc sites, can you just confirm

that those sites are registered sites with the

Provincial Arc Branch?

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Yeah, these sites actually

came off the B.C. -- is it the BCEID site I got these

off of? And I have a list here of the different types

of sites that they are. And I just -- I only got the

ones that are about within 2.5 kilometres of the

transmission line.

MR. BELL-IRVING: Could you give us some

insight as to the nature of the finds at those sites?

And I'm referring to our Archaeological Study that we

did at Fish Lake and the one we're going to do here.

And there was a number of sort of characterizations or

descriptions of those sites. I'm thinking about

lithic scatters, for example, debutage, pit houses,

burial sites. There's a range of features that are

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4498

registered as sites.

Those sites that you're showing, do you have

any idea of sort of their nature?

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: I wish I could zoom in on

this so I can read the letters because I have the --

or I can read them off of here. I can explain mainly

every one of those sites.

THE CHAIRMAN: Are those the same sites that

are on the map on the wall?

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Yeah, probably.

THE CHAIRMAN: Because I think those are

readable in terms of numbers.

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Okay, can we grab that?

I may not have them all listed here, but I

have about 32 different sites and I can explain what

those sites are.

Okay, this one is EK -- that's EKRO34. That

would be a cache pit site or a pit home depression.

Okay, I don't have them all listed in order,

so I'm trying to find...

I'll list a few, but we can provide the

detailed --

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, I was just going to say,

I think the question was just to get an indication of

the variety, I think, not necessarily a list of

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4499

everything.

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Okay. I can

list -- okay, so EKR03, I can't -- I don't see it up

there, but it's up there somewhere. It was a

petroglyph site, so I believe it should be down here

somewhere.

EKRO-47, cache pit.

EKRO-101, cache pit.

EKRO-120, cache pit, lithic scatter,

fire-cracked rock, final remains, and house pit.

EKRO-29, lithic scatter.

EKRO-21, house pits, lithic scatter. And I

just have a list of a bunch more along those lines.

THE CHAIRMAN: Is that --

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: We can provide --

THE CHAIRMAN: I think that --

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: We could provide details for

every one of those sites.

MR. BELL-IRVING: No, Councillor Harry, that

wasn't -- my question was more of a general impression

of trying to understand with those -- your reference

to water, and there being a high probability of sites,

and the nature of the sites, I'm just trying to see

what that relationship is here on this river. That

was all.

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4500

THE CHAIRMAN: So I think you've responded,

then, to the question, I believe.

Are there any further questions, Taseko?

MR. KLASSEN: I had one.


MR. KLASSEN: Thank you Councillor for your

presentation.

Besides the work that Taseko is committed to

doing in terms of investigating the possibility of

archaeological sites along the centre line, are you

aware of any other planned archaeological

investigations in the vicinity of the crossing?

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Not at this time, no.

MR. KLASSEN: The Province, the Provincial

Archaeological Branch, Heritage Branch, whatever it's

called, they don't have any archaeological work

planned in that area? I'm assuming they would contact

you if there was.

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Yeah, yeah. But I'm not

aware of any at this time.


COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Like, archaeology is seasonal

work, so. Like, right now, it's just the middle of

April and the ground -- in some areas, the ground is

still frozen. So I expect that our geology surveys

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4501

will pick up.


THE CHAIRMAN: I had a couple of questions.

The area along where the transmission line is

proposed, there don't seem to be any sites identified

by the Province in that area at this point.

Now, I wonder, is, and you may not be able to

answer this, but is that because they have -- perhaps

have identified at this point the more obvious sites

and they seem to be north and south of the proposed

transmission line?

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: No. I think it's just

because they haven't done the survey yet.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you for that

clarification. The second point is -- or your view on

that I guess would be a better way of putting it.

The second question I had is you mentioned

some sites around the village that are on a ranch.

And they don't seem to be protected in any way. And I

just wondered whether there's some means, it's not

related to the Project, it's some distance from it,

but whether there'd be some means available to you and

your people to ensure some greater protection of those

sites than seems to be the case right now?

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: I think that those, the

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4502

village site that I spoke of, there's a ranch that has

a grazing lease on it, I think. And I guess if we

worked with the ranch more closely, we could probably

develop something there.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Councillor Harry,

for your presentation and bringing that information to

our attention.

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: I just -- something that I

forgot to mention there, there's -- okay, there's

McEwen Creek, and I spoke about the, like, these

valleys our People were settled in, so there's McEwen

Creek just north of the proposed transmission corridor

and Ward Creek to the south. And then those are two

valleys. And in between there, the work hasn't been

done. So I think that would raise the potential for

archaeology sites.

THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Thank you for that

further addition.

I think that, then -- I don't think we have

any further questions, so once again I thank you for

your presentation for bringing that information to us

today.

COUNCILLOR P. HARRY: Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: And I think before we proceed

to Taseko, we'll take a short break, and also Chief

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4503

Camille would like to say a -- make some closing

remarks, as I understand, before Taseko speak. So

we'll maybe just take a short break, about 5,

10 minutes at the most, and then come back.

(Applause)

(BRIEF BREAK)

THE CHAIRMAN: Ladies and Gentlemen, I would

ask if you could take your seats. We are ready to get

started again. All right, I think we're ready to go.

Welcome back again. I'll just outline what

we have left to complete this afternoon.

Chief Camille wishes to make some closing

remarks, as I understand. Then we would turn to

Taseko to give their response to views and questions

that have come up during the course of the last two

days. And then I have some short closing remarks.

So I'll start with Chief Camille, please.

CLOSING REMARKS BY CHIEF CAMILLE:

CHIEF CAMILLE: Okay. (Aboriginal Language

Spoken).

Thank you all for being here as we talk about

taking care of our lands.

You know, this morning, when my mother made

the presentation and Bruce was asking her about the

language and how it, you know, the connection to the

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4504

land, I can tell you that, when we're taking our

language training from her and the other Elder I work

with to ask them questions about day-to-day stuff that

we do, it really -- it takes some time to think about

how we should say it. But when we're asked something

about going out and doing things on the land, and it

just comes out of them so easily. So that's the big

change for our Elders when they are trying to teach

us. So much has changed that they really have to

think and try not to change the language too much to

try and make it easier for us to understand and speak.

Because, you know, I'm trained to read and write, so I

try and learn that way. And I think that really slows

up the process. But I'm trying to get beyond that.

And by her giving me these mentoring at meetings and

stuff, and, you know, little phrases and stuff, it's

coming a lot easier.

So I just wanted to reference that our land

is huge as far as our People learning our language and

our culture. That's where we're going to get it from.

As was, you know, referenced for the last two days

here.

You know, our People are waking up. They all

have it in their hearts and in their brains. And

today, the last two days, it all came out. That's the

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4505

first time I've heard a lot of my members speak. I'm

so proud of them. They have given me the courage and

the strength I need to be a leader in the community.

You know, they really made me proud.

As you saw, having Racelle Kooy here, she's

gone, I guess they didn't -- oh, there she is. Thanks

Racelle.

You know, our People are coming back with

their education and working with our People who have

all the knowledge on the land. We're coming together.

That's a good indication.

You know, we have all these concerns, but we

just didn't have the capacity to address them. And

like I mentioned yesterday, there's been the court

cases. Our Band has gotten into the treaty process,

you know, to try and get away from that year to year

funding from INAC that was doing us no -- it was

keeping us deeper in the pit on dependancy.

So when our Chiefs of NSTC, Northern Shuswap

Tribal Council, decided to get together and go for

that process, it's not a perfect process by no means.

You know, I commend the Tsilhqot'in People and Roger

and his community for going the court route and

accomplishing what they did.

Our process, their process, it's all moved

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4506

our community ahead, all our communities ahead, and

got us to where we're at today.

And, for the record, in the treaty process,

we are just coming -- we're in a stage we're working

towards the AIP. We've done our land selection. And

there are selected areas in the corridor area. So I

want that on the record.

And, you know, it was brought up today, and

you know, and Rosie always amazes me with some of her

one-liners, but, you know what, it feels like we're --

you know, it's a hammer for the final nail in

someone's coffin. I wish it didn't have to be that

way, but, you know, that that analogy made it real.

I feel like our culture and our lands are

being destroyed at the risk of business. And are we

-- and we are trying to stop a business, somebody's

business from going forward. You know, and that's --

that's what -- you know, it's just -- it's an

interesting analogy. I was pretty impressed with that

one.

And, you know, she also made note of us

working together. And it is the focus on the land.

Today we have the Tsilhqot'in here in this

room. We have the Esketemc, our neighbours. We have

Ted Hancock here who lives in the our community. We

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4507

have all of you here who are here because of what

we're doing, you know, about our lands. You know, and

we're all here because we care in some way or form to

protect it.

You know, we support the Chilcotin because,

you know, if I picture that open pit mine here in our

back yard, it is heartbreaking to see the land damaged

to the degree, you know, in the name of progress.

You know, the bottom line is, you know, money

and jobs only last so long. And once the water, the

land, the animals -- you know, once the land and water

are damaged and they are gone, our animals are going

to be gone, and then what happens to our People,

Native or non-Native? It just seems so simple, you

know. But it's just mind boggling at times.

The other point here is the endangering of

our salmon. And I thought Dave would touch on it this

morning, but he didn't. You know, about -- he said,

"You know, I don't care what anybody says, there's no

guarantees."

So as creeks go into the Fraser River

eventually, and that mine will leak, and it's going to

destroy our salmon that are already struggling.

And that was the message for the past two

days with our People. That is a concern, our salmon.

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4508

And I'm sure at Esketemc you'll be hearing

more on that.

There's also another thing that supports us

is that there is -- was a court case by the Xat'sull

community, Soda Creek, for the tailings drainage into

the Fraser River. You know, I was aware of it, but it

was just, you know, sitting here in the last two days

and I realized that has been going on, my

understanding, by Gibraltar, which is a company of

Taseko.

So, you know, that doesn't give us much faith

that, you know -- that shouldn't be a concern for us.

So my final comment before I close is that on

the last day of the hearings here on May 1st in

Williams Lake, Canoe Creek will be presenting our

recommendations taking into consideration our members'

discussions for the last two days.

And once again, I really want to thank the

membership here for hanging in here at 6 o'clock. I

told the cook to probably come by at 5:30, we might be

done early, but, of course, it didn't happen.

But, you know, the presentations were really,

really good. I'm so impressed by all of them. And I

just hope that, you know, it is -- it was meaningful

for each of you here taking it in to understand the

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4509

people behind these plans and policies and letters

that flow about, because it was really good for me to

meet some of the people, you know, that we all see the

e-mails and what -- it's a lot better working

person-to-person than, you know, over the telephone

and meetings, different meetings here and there.

So thank you.

(Applause)

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Chief Camille, for

pulling together in a very nice summary much of what

we've heard over the last two days.

And I will turn the floor, then, to Taseko to

respond to views and concerns and then I will follow

up with a few short closing remarks.

CLOSING REMARKS BY TASEKO MINES LIMITED:

MR. BELL-IRVING: Chief Camille, when she comes

back, Chiefs, Elders, Councillors, and members of this

community, on behalf of my colleagues, and Taseko

Mines, I wish to express our heart-felt thanks and

appreciation for your hospitality and kindness shown

to us over these past two days.

Consistent with what we've heard from the

previous community meetings over these last few weeks,

we've heard how more and more people are accessing the

land as a result of the mountain pine beetle,

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4510

clearcuts, roads, increased population growth in

outlying areas, and the increased use of vehicles,

all-terrain vehicles.

There are greater numbers of people out in

the once remote areas where we hunt and recreate.

Even yesterday, we all drove our vehicles

across the sensitive grasslands on private lands of a

local rancher. And we listened to Stuart comment on

dirt-biking throughout this country. And on a DVD

witnessed, I believe, former Chief Joe Alphonse riding

a quad down at the Fraser River. Motorized vehicles

are a part of all our lives.

With or without this Project, there exists

increasing openness of the landscape due to the

beetle, logging, increased public interest in

accessing and experiencing the outlying areas of the

backcountry for recreation and enjoyment.

Therefore, it's important that we properly

manage and secure the integrity of those areas of

ecological and cultural significance and interest.

We heard that the sensitive sacred sites,

although hidden from public knowledge, are already

being discovered and this runs even more the risk of

potential damage and disturbance.

We ask ourselves, "How can we, as a mining

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4511

company, ensure that this Project does not further

burden those concerns and the proper consideration is

given and steps taken to manage these issues?"

For this Project, there will be proper

planning and access management considerations. They

will be applied when the centre line location is

finalized specifically to avoid sensitive sites.

There'll be included and used, that

information, to help us select the final pole

placement on the grasslands that we've seen so many

archaeological sites are either known or will likely

be shown to occur. In our application, that

nine-volume stack of documents, we indicate a

commitment to develop a series of environmental

management plans and that, as we develop those as part

of our permitting process, we will work with the

Ministry of Forests and Range, we will work with First

Nations and the Ministry of Environment to assist in

the development of a public access plan to protect

both the wildlife and heritage values and to restrict

ATV access.

In addition in our application we committed

to work with the landowners and the tenure, grazing

tenure holders, to develop schedules and policies that

protect the natural grasslands and minimize the

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4512

disturbance to grazing systems during our

construction.

Further, in consultation with First Nations,

Ministry of Forests and Range, and the environment,

Taseko will develop Best Management Practices for the

maintenance of the vegetation that will provide

habitat appropriately while minimizing public access

and maintaining a safe and reliable transmission

facility.

We were asked yesterday if consultation with

First Nations would be conducted during access

planning and centre line finalization.

We have committed in our EIS for continued

engagement with First Nations. In reality, to ensure

minimal impacts from this Project and to ensure that

the Access Management Plan in effect is successfully

implemented, monitored and enforced, we need First

Nations to participate in that planning. And we need

First Nations to share the information such that sites

of significance known only to them can be considered

in this planning.

Yesterday Mr. Runka made a number of

observations about the amount of detail concerning the

planning of the transmission line.

Most of Mr. Runka's observations related to

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4513

timing around the question of when should that level

of detail be performed.

The answer to that is that Taseko did

precisely what was required under our Terms of

Reference, or guidelines. But, more importantly, that

we will be addressing the issues that were raised by

Mr. Runka and that they will be appropriately

addressed in this Project in accordance with existing

and applicable guidelines and procedures at the

permitting level, at the permitting stage, which we're

just entering.

With regard to the transmission line and its

location, we heard from a number of participants that

the Canoe Creek Band has concerns that the line might

adversely affect the viewscapes.

In our application, we used a spatial

analysis to determine the overlap between components

of our Project, including the transmission line, and

the existing tourism zones that are as stipulated in

the Cariboo-Chilcotin Land Use Plan, Sustainable

Resource Management Plans, and the Ministry of Forests

Visual Quality Objectives.

The transmission, proposed transmission

right-of-way does not pass through any classified

visually-sensitive areas identified by those

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4514

aforementioned plans.

It's recognized in our environmental

assessment that visitors to the Fraser River and

rafting participants may be affected by the visual

impacts of the line.

It's unlikely, unfortunately, that these

aspects, these visual effects associated with the line

can be managed beyond design consideration and

alignment specific to areas so as to minimize the

effects.

The extent to which the alignment and the

visual effects will be a factor in the business and

revenue of future tourism business that this community

is pursuing are unknown.

Heritage sites are matters of cultural

concern. To the Canoe Creek Band are unknown at this

point to Taseko. We certainly wish to avoid areas of

concern to the Canoe Creek community and we believe

that we have the flexibility to do so in the final

design and centre line of the transmission line.

Taseko is obliged by its Table of Commitments

to take reasonable steps to avoid or mitigate impacts

to features of importance, but only if this

information is available from First Nations.

Taseko is presently obtaining detailed

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4515

engineering information concerning the proposed centre

line and the location of the poles.

Taseko is also engaged in archaeological

studies that will guide the specific placement of the

pole.

What we propose this evening, now, to do

about my remarks about communication and input from

the community is to ask Chief Camille if, after this

evening's meeting, she would meet very briefly with

Mr. Battison and Katherine Gizikoff, our manager of

government environmental affairs. The purpose of that

meeting would be to arrange for a convenient time and

a location for a meeting at which Ms. Gizikoff can

meet with an appropriate designated official

representative from the Band to inform you of where

Taseko is right now in the process of determining the

centre line and the location of the poles. And

following that meeting, we would seek the input of

this community in connection with the alignment and

the reasonable positioning that may be hopefully able

to address your concerns.

Clara Camille in her remarks asked the

question: "What's going to happen to the Fraser

River, to the fish?"

We find those to be very serious and very

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4516

important questions. So do Fraser Basin Council, the

Federal inquiry currently examining that question. We

understand the questions of what's happening to the

fish are a function of many things, including the

temperature, competition for the fish between Native

fishermen, sports fishermen, commercial fishermen,

affects of habitat destruction.

I can assure you that our Project is not

contributing in any way to those serious concerns as

we are having no effect on the fish in the Fraser

River, no effect on the water in the Fraser River.

And apart from the effects on the fish and fish

habitat in Fish Lake, we, for which we are

compensating, we believe that our Project has no

effect on the Fraser River fish and fishery.

There were concerns expressed about invasive

plants and the experiences shared about the

consequences of poor invasive plant management.

I can assure you that Taseko on the

Prosperity Project recognizes the need to manage

potential effects. And we've included management

strategies in our application as part of our

mitigation measures.

We're proposing an invasive plant management

strategy which will include an inventory to record the

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4517

locations of where invasive weeds have occurred in the

past. We include in our plan measures to prevent the

introduction of further invasive plants by various

means such as minimizing soil disturbance, seeding the

ground immediately after it's disturbed, and by

ensuring that the equipment brought to the site is

clean and weed free.

Where infestations of invasive plants do

exist, our plans will address the need to prevent the

spread of weeds to other areas to control the spread

of invasive plants by various means, including

mechanical, chemical, and biological. And also to

monitor and to ensure that the programs I've just

mentioned and the measures I've just outlined are, in

fact, effective.

We would welcome Clara's and others' input

and comments into our development of the Invasive

Plant Management Strategy as to make it as effective

as possible.

Racelle Kooy spoke about the future and how

our transmission line might or will affect negatively

potential tourism opportunities by affecting the

viewscapes.

An effect on a visitor, in our view, can't be

interpreted as a loss of a visitor to the local

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4518

tourism economy. If that were the case, there'd be no

tourism facilities near mines. When we know that

there are many areas in British Columbia where the

industry co-exists under conditions similar to those

proposed for this Project.

For example, there's several successful B&Bs,

resorts, and guest ranches in close proximity to the

Highland Valley Copper mine.

The Sundance Guest Ranch is one of the more

successful guest ranches in the area despite the fact

that it's on Highway 97, the same route as concentrate

trucks going to and from the CP and CN load-out

facilities in Ashcroft.

Industry has been constantly adapting over

the years to modifications in the landscape due to

logging, mountain pine beetle, and they would likely

adapt to the mine and transmission line as well.

This entire issue was discussed and

considered in our application. Tourism and

recreational land use planning throughout this area, a

key component of the Cariboo-Chilcotin Land Use Plan,

with the designation of areas as priorities for these

activities, and view sheds, are included in those

considerations.

We're proposing to build our Project fully

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4519

considering and consistent with these Land Use

Planning decisions. And we will work with your

community to do what we can to ensure that your plans

for the future are also considered in the construction

and operation of our Project if it goes ahead.

We heard from Larry Henry and others

expressing concerns about how hunting is more

difficult now. We heard that this is understood to be

as a result of an increased number of non-Native

hunters using the area and that increased access has

been made available through other land use activities

such as logging.

We understand this to be relevant to the

Panel's mandate to consider how the Project might

adversely affect a potential Aboriginal right to hunt.

It's our assessment that the impact of the

power line would be to potentially increase access to

traditional hunting areas rather than increasing the

number of hunters.

The way that Taseko proposes to accommodate

this concern is to develop this Access Management Plan

with input from local First Nations and to seek to

limit any additional access that might result from the

construction of our power line.

He raised a question about the effects of

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4520

this Project and the transmission line on the water

table.

We see no effects.

The question was asked: "Why didn't we build

the hydro line along the highway then turn it over to

BC Hydro when we're done?"

In the Review Process, and in the assessment

over these many years, we've considered nine different

alternative routes for the transmission line, one

including a route along the highway. But after

considering a number of criteria, such as engineering,

cost, length, environmental considerations, it was

concluded, not just by Taseko, but by government, by

the public, and people who participated in the review

that the current alignment was the preferred

alignment.

As to the question of turning it over to BC

Hydro after we were done, I would simply say that we

are currently legally required to remove it. This is

a condition of our Provincial Government approval.

We wish it were otherwise. We wish that BC

Hydro would build the line for our and other uses and

that BC Hydro retains ownership of the land from the

beginning.

Mr. Hancock raised a specific concern related

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4521

to his bee-keeping enterprise and the idea that oil

leaking into the creeks from the plant.

B.C. Transmission Corporation, who will be

building the switching station if the Project is

approved, we believe will assuredly build it to

current laws, regulations and standards. We don't

believe that it's possible that there'll be any

leakage of oil into surrounding creeks. And Taseko

will do everything we can to ensure that it doesn't

happen when it's built and operated.

Chief Bill Wilson made a number of remarks.

And I acknowledge with respect and respect Bill's

sensitivity and need to clearly indicate that his

reference to me personally, and to my late father,

have nothing whatsoever to do with my involvement with

Taseko Mines or his views on this Project.

Having mentioned my late father by name, I

feel obliged to honour him by mentioning that my late

father was an Honorary Chief of the Kwawkgewth Nation,

Bill's community. This was an honour bestowed upon

him by the late Chief Jimmy Sewid.

My father was also an Honorary Chief of the

Raven clan of the Nisga'a, an honour given to him by

the late Joe Gosnell, the father of the Nisga'a

treaty.

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Bill's great-grandfather worked with and knew

my great-grandfather throughout this Province as the

commercial salmon fishing industry was established.

We are friends. We have family ties. And

have known each other for many years. I consider

myself privileged to both know and to have worked with

Bill.

Bill in his remarks admitted that he doesn't

understand mining. I regret terribly that he's not

here to hear my words.

But perhaps, then, this is a reason that when

he indicated that we need to ensure that we pay for

any damages, that he didn't know about the bonding and

the reclamation aspects of our industry.

He indicated that we pollute in the name of

industry.

We're not doing this. We have this process,

we have the Provincial permit level review, and we

have government oversight to ensure that we don't

pollute in the name of industry.

He indicated that there's no guarantee that

Indian people will be compensated, that that was a big

lie, that Prosperity is bringing prosperity to

Williams Lake.

With the utmost of respect to my friend, I

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4523

strongly disagree on much of what he said. We, and

many others, have spoken to this Panel outlining the

significant economic contributions that this Project

will generate.

His comments clearly indicate that he was

unaware of the story that I told at Redstone, how this

Project, when working with the community, will

facilitate the ability of your youth, with discipline

and desire, to have and achieve whatever they want in

the way of jobs and a future.

He was unaware of our previous discussion on

the Province's Revenue Sharing Policy specific to this

Project. Considerable funds will flow to First

Nations and will be used for purposes that are decided

by First Nations.

His comments indicated that he was not aware

of the many commitments incorporated into our Project

as conditions of our Provincial Certificate, legal

obligations to work with First Nations.

He wasn't aware of our Mining Your Future

initiative to encourage the formation and development

of locally-owned businesses, opportunities for

employment, open and full communication, and placing

an emphasis and preference to hire locally-trained and

employ First Nations.

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4524

These aren't promises. These are legal

obligations that this Project, if it goes ahead, will

have to deliver on.

Rosemary Jack made the comment that our

future can be better if we only learn to work

together.

We wholeheartedly agree with that thought and

are committed to doing our part in making that thought

a reality.

Harold Harry asked the question of how Taseko

was going to deal with the burial sites, how we're

going to deal with the archaeological sites all over

the land.

We're going to do that by working with your

community, by asking you if you want to participate in

the impact assessment that we'll be undertaking very

soon. If together we find artefacts, burial sites,

we'll work with community and government to determine

how to respect them, their memory.

Some time ago, Katherine Gizikoff was in

contact with Patrick Harry in this regard. And I

understand that Harold Harry was also at the meeting.

And we're confident that, as this work

develops, that your community can and will be involved

in the workplan for this summer.

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4525

In closing, I leave you once again with our

commitment to work with your government, your leaders,

and to maintain open and full communications.

What do you want?

Thank you.

THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Bell-Irving.

I will now close the meeting with some short

remarks.

First of all, Chief Camille, when we started

the hearings here yesterday, you indicated that this

process was a new experience for your people here.

And we can see by the presentations that we have

received that, for some, this was a difficult

experience. Nevertheless, we feel we've received

valuable information on how your People use the land

and the water and the importance of the animals and

the fish and the plants to your People.

And we've also received your views on the

proposed Projects, in particular, on how the proposed

transmission line might affect your People.

We appreciate the efforts that everyone has

made here to bring forward those views to us. This

is, as I said, very important to us to assist us in

completing our review and preparing our report.

We also thank you for the welcome, the warm

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4526

welcome that we have received here in this community,

and the hospitality that you have provided to us.

Our hearings will continue again on Monday in

the Esketemc community just up the road, of course,

and they will begin at 1 o'clock on Monday and

continue Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. And we look

forward, Chief Camille, to also hearing your closing

remarks from you and in this community at the end of

the hearings.

So, with that, I would like to close and, in

closing say, once again, thank you to everybody that

has participated, all of the work that many of you

have gone to behind the scenes to prepare for these

hearings, and to spend the time with us while we've

been here in the community.

We thank you very much for that. And I

understand there will be a closing ceremony to bring

the meeting to a final close.


Do you have a final comment, sorry?

SPEAKER: (Not using microphone.)

THE CHAIRMAN: Oh, okay, I didn't know that.

Yes, please go ahead to bless the food.

(BLESSING)

ELDER CLARA CAMILLE: I would like to bless the

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4527

people that made the dinner and thank you for coming.


ELDER CLARA CAMILLE: I guess I want to get the

attention of the mothers and everybody here, we have a

young mom here that has been sitting patiently, and I

know she's going home tomorrow, so I just want

everybody to direct your prayers to her for a safe

journey, and a healthy baby, and I have asked her to

let us know what she has when she gets -- when she has

this baby.

And I just appreciate your persistence of

sitting there. I've been watching how uncomfortable

you are. And I'm so glad it's not me. I had seven of

them.

So thank you again.

(Applause)

-- that was the lady who on the first day said the

prayer.

(DRUMMING CEREMONY)

(PROCEEDINGS ADJOURNED AT 6:50 PM)

(COMMUNITY SESSION HEARINGS TO RECONVENE ON

MONDAY, APRIL 19, 2010 AT 1:00 P.M., FOR THE

ESKETEMC COMMUNITY, AT THE SXOXOMIC SCHOOL

GYMNASIUM, ALKALI LAKE)

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4528

REPORTER'S CERTIFICATION

I, Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A), Official

Realtime Reporter in the Provinces of British Columbia

and Alberta, Canada, do hereby certify:

That the proceedings were taken down by me in

shorthand at the time and place herein set forth and

thereafter transcribed, and the same is a true and

correct and complete transcript of said proceedings to

the best of my skill and ability.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my

name this 19th day of April, 2010.

_____________________________________

Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A)

Official Realtime Reporter

#09-05-44811 [1] - 4272:3$10 [1] - 4330:7$270 [1] - 4367:2'60s [1] - 4463:17'70s [3] - 4308:12, 4322:22'78 [1] - 4308:13'79 [2] - 4308:13, 4308:15'80s [1] - 4308:151 [4] - 4486:17, 4486:18,

4526:510 [11] - 4297:6, 4313:24,

4337:10, 4355:11, 4358:8,4358:9, 4380:11, 4423:1,4434:21, 4437:9, 4503:4

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4337:11, 4377:7, 4423:1,4451:18

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4361:122010 [4] - 4272:15, 4276:19,

4527:22, 4528:1422 [1] - 4295:1824 [1] - 4272:1625 [4] - 4328:9, 4328:10,

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4294:1, 4468:2440 [4] - 4302:17, 4392:2,

4494:4, 4494:54272 [1] - 4272:174277 [2] - 4275:3, 4275:34279 [1] - 4275:44282 [1] - 4275:54316 [1] - 4275:74324 [1] - 4275:84328 [1] - 4275:94351 [1] - 4275:104361 [1] - 4275:114378 [1] - 4275:124379 [2] - 4275:12, 4275:154388 [1] - 4275:164390 [1] - 4275:174391 [1] - 4275:1844 [1] - 4473:244401 [1] - 4275:194404 [1] - 4275:204408 [1] - 4275:214413 [1] - 4275:224415 [1] - 4275:234429 [1] - 4275:244435 [1] - 4276:14438 [1] - 4276:24439 [1] - 4276:34457 [1] - 4276:44460 [1] - 4276:54462 [1] - 4276:64470 [1] - 4276:7

4473 [1] - 4276:84478 [1] - 4276:94487 [1] - 4276:104497 [1] - 4276:1245 [1] - 4292:24500 [1] - 4276:134503 [1] - 4276:144509 [1] - 4276:154526 [1] - 4276:164527 [1] - 4276:174528 [1] - 4272:174x4 [1] - 4427:244x4'ing [1] - 4323:144x4s [2] - 4426:19, 4434:75 [7] - 4293:10, 4373:4,

4377:17, 4419:5, 4420:7,4432:10, 4503:3

5,000 [1] - 4480:1650 [5] - 4302:17, 4321:7,

4416:14, 4420:20, 4474:13500 [1] - 4311:1857-odd [1] - 4357:105:30 [1] - 4508:205A [1] - 4298:206 [3] - 4293:10, 4419:5,

4508:1960 [5] - 4313:25, 4314:12,

4314:14, 4314:1560,000 [1] - 4314:2066 [1] - 4455:768 [1] - 4463:169 [1] - 4319:76:50 [2] - 4276:18, 4527:207 [1] - 4493:1670 [2] - 4292:21, 4292:2274 [1] - 4319:779 [1] - 4417:1080 [4] - 4480:24, 4489:17,

4494:4, 4494:580-metre [1] - 4390:481 [1] - 4402:2283 [3] - 4292:21, 4293:17,

4294:188 [1] - 4489:189 [1] - 4477:190s [1] - 4291:2197 [1] - 4518:11Aaaaah [2] - 4477:10,

4477:11aaaaah [1] - 4477:10abandoned [1] - 4411:14abilities [1] - 4416:1ability [5] - 4370:18,

4397:19, 4448:8, 4523:8,4528:11

able [35] - 4285:1, 4298:16,4299:12, 4331:4, 4333:7,4340:19, 4342:8, 4356:3,4365:7, 4371:13, 4383:18,4383:20, 4386:18, 4387:3,4390:5, 4406:23, 4416:5,

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected]

Prosperity Gold-Copper Mine Project - Volume 24 - April 17, 2010

1

4418:15, 4418:16,4418:17, 4426:8, 4430:16,4431:1, 4435:3, 4450:16,4462:17, 4468:11,4471:13, 4481:1, 4488:6,4489:13, 4489:14,4494:24, 4501:7, 4515:20

Aborigeny [1] - 4336:11Aboriginal [51] - 4294:21,

4295:1, 4313:1, 4313:3,4329:18, 4330:2, 4330:5,4330:7, 4330:8, 4330:12,4332:19, 4332:20,4336:22, 4336:24,4336:25, 4337:1, 4337:2,4337:4, 4337:5, 4337:17,4341:15, 4341:23,4345:25, 4348:6, 4351:14,4352:11, 4354:20,4356:18, 4357:4, 4364:14,4367:5, 4367:17, 4370:16,4370:22, 4370:23,4372:17, 4373:2, 4378:19,4415:18, 4416:9, 4443:1,4445:19, 4445:25,4447:13, 4448:17,4450:14, 4455:2, 4457:6,4503:19, 4519:15, 4527:2

abroad [1] - 4331:22absent [3] - 4352:7, 4352:8absentia [1] - 4445:24absolutely [4] - 4336:14,

4350:2, 4354:22, 4456:13Absolutely [2] - 4367:25,

4368:14absorbed [1] - 4350:2abundance [1] - 4386:18academic [3] - 4283:15,

4332:6, 4354:8accept [1] - 4412:22accepted [1] - 4480:15Access [2] - 4512:16,

4519:21access [30] - 4384:3, 4386:1,

4386:5, 4386:14, 4388:25,4396:21, 4399:3, 4399:11,4401:7, 4401:18, 4401:23,4411:18, 4428:7, 4428:8,4434:16, 4435:3, 4459:5,4459:6, 4496:2, 4496:19,4496:25, 4511:5, 4511:19,4511:21, 4512:7, 4512:11,4519:10, 4519:17, 4519:23

accessing [7] - 4352:13,4352:14, 4413:10,4496:10, 4497:1, 4509:24,4510:16

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accomplishing [1] - 4505:24accordance [2] - 4281:25,

4513:8accurate [1] - 4483:23accurately [2] - 4281:15,

4281:19achieve [1] - 4523:9acid [1] - 4450:20acknowledge [8] - 4329:4,

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acknowledgement [1] -4330:14

acorns [1] - 4293:6ACT [1] - 4272:8act [3] - 4306:10, 4446:5,

4446:6active [1] - 4361:14activities [3] - 4489:6,

4518:23, 4519:11activity [5] - 4333:11,

4335:15, 4358:10,4370:17, 4386:3

acts [1] - 4410:16actual [1] - 4422:23adapt [1] - 4518:17adapting [1] - 4518:14add [2] - 4323:3, 4324:9added [4] - 4338:6, 4338:9,

4344:15, 4348:25addition [3] - 4340:13,

4502:18, 4511:22additional [1] - 4519:23address [4] - 4404:16,

4505:13, 4515:21, 4517:9addressed [1] - 4513:8addressing [1] - 4513:6adjacent [1] - 4324:13ADJOURNED [4] - 4275:13,

4276:18, 4379:4, 4527:20administration [1] - 4359:23admit [1] - 4448:20admitted [1] - 4522:8adult [1] - 4342:15adults [1] - 4291:11advanced [1] - 4374:16advantage [1] - 4445:25adventure [2] - 4347:1,

4369:11adversely [2] - 4513:15,

4519:15advised [1] - 4388:23adviser [1] - 4280:25affairs [1] - 4515:11Affairs [2] - 4280:17,

4280:23affect [8] - 4323:18, 4324:6,

4369:5, 4381:22, 4513:15,4517:21, 4519:15, 4525:20

affected [5] - 4310:13,

4364:21, 4474:12, 4489:5,4514:4

affecting [2] - 4414:17,4517:22

affects [4] - 4381:21, 4474:1,4516:7

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4351:23Africa [3] - 4347:19, 4347:24afternoon [7] - 4379:10,

4389:10, 4438:4, 4457:10,4462:10, 4478:14, 4503:11

age [1] - 4353:1agency [1] - 4407:11AGENCY [1] - 4273:6Agency [1] - 4318:15Agency's [1] - 4281:8Agnes [3] - 4291:24,

4310:24, 4394:16ago [23] - 4297:6, 4300:23,

4306:18, 4312:21,4313:24, 4330:6, 4340:23,4348:7, 4358:8, 4373:10,4397:3, 4421:6, 4423:8,4425:18, 4433:19, 4440:3,4466:19, 4469:4, 4469:8,4469:18, 4475:25, 4524:20

agree [1] - 4524:7agreed [1] - 4412:22agricultural [1] - 4335:15agriculture [1] - 4306:23ahead [6] - 4394:2, 4506:1,

4519:5, 4524:2, 4526:23ain't [3] - 4398:14, 4398:20AIP [1] - 4506:5air [2] - 4287:17, 4488:13airport [2] - 4385:7, 4467:19Albeit [1] - 4375:23albeit [2] - 4338:3, 4359:6Alberta [5] - 4457:19,

4461:14, 4461:15,4461:16, 4528:5

Alert [1] - 4340:3Alexis [1] - 4438:5aliens [1] - 4477:12alignment [5] - 4514:9,

4514:11, 4515:19,4520:15, 4520:16

alive [2] - 4443:21, 4443:22Alkali [7] - 4319:14, 4392:5,

4415:19, 4417:2, 4423:8,4434:19, 4491:6

ALKALI [2] - 4276:21,4527:24

all-terrain [1] - 4510:3Allen [1] - 4449:20

alligators [2] - 4310:22,4311:7

allotment [1] - 4318:21allotted [1] - 4318:24allow [3] - 4411:20, 4445:24,

4448:24allowed [3] - 4369:7,

4411:13, 4411:15allowing [4] - 4316:2,

4438:7, 4443:5, 4488:5allude [1] - 4366:21almighty [2] - 4315:4, 4315:6almost [10] - 4309:20,

4313:4, 4314:25, 4321:6,4322:4, 4405:17, 4411:6,4424:22, 4441:10, 4475:20

alone [2] - 4330:24, 4481:6Alphonse [3] - 4379:19,

4379:21, 4510:10alter [1] - 4451:7alternative [1] - 4520:9amazes [1] - 4506:9amazing [1] - 4349:16Amen [1] - 4277:14America [1] - 4332:1American [2] - 4348:15,

4349:25amount [1] - 4512:23Anaham [1] - 4404:11analogy [2] - 4506:13,

4506:19analysis [1] - 4513:17ancestors [6] - 4338:23,

4351:12, 4374:7, 4466:17,4479:17, 4482:8

ancestors' [1] - 4385:19ancestral [1] - 4340:5AND [9] - 4274:1, 4275:6,

4275:18, 4275:24, 4276:6,4282:17, 4391:24,4429:19, 4462:15

and.. [1] - 4396:16Angelina [1] - 4475:10Anglo [1] - 4454:11Anglo-Saxon [1] - 4454:11animal [5] - 4288:18,

4288:20, 4290:13,4311:12, 4311:23

Animals [1] - 4315:24animals [19] - 4311:6,

4313:15, 4313:19,4402:24, 4406:11, 4416:6,4424:20, 4426:7, 4429:13,4474:4, 4475:18, 4477:20,4481:17, 4481:21,4486:24, 4507:11,4507:12, 4525:16

Annie [1] - 4437:17answer [8] - 4330:16,

4364:6, 4370:13, 4390:5,4401:20, 4414:11, 4501:8,



2

4513:3answered [1] - 4436:25answers [1] - 4352:19Antoine [3] - 4300:25,

4379:22, 4478:21Antonio [1] - 4345:12anyway [2] - 4428:10,

4471:21Anyway [3] - 4393:21,

4394:2, 4453:25anyways [3] - 4346:17,

4400:19, 4401:15Anyways [1] - 4392:7apart [2] - 4383:1, 4516:12apparent [1] - 4280:3appearance [1] - 4274:1APPEARANCES [1] - 4273:1appearing [1] - 4404:1Applause [17] - 4316:20,

4378:17, 4383:7, 4391:21,4404:4, 4408:12, 4415:13,4429:15, 4437:6, 4437:21,4462:11, 4473:9, 4478:15,4487:12, 4503:5, 4509:8,4527:16

Applause) [1] - 4328:1apples [1] - 4422:13applicable [1] - 4513:9APPLICANT [1] - 4273:12application [5] - 4511:12,

4511:22, 4513:16,4516:22, 4518:19

applied [1] - 4511:6appreciate [12] - 4284:12,

4286:2, 4317:2, 4351:25,4412:11, 4412:19,4414:10, 4456:21,4456:25, 4478:13,4525:21, 4527:11

appreciated [3] - 4284:18,4456:24, 4457:3

appreciation [4] - 4345:10,4362:8, 4379:8, 4509:20

approach [1] - 4277:7approached [1] - 4480:14appropriate [1] - 4515:14appropriately [2] - 4512:7,

4513:7approval [1] - 4520:20approved [1] - 4521:5April [4] - 4272:15, 4438:13,

4500:24, 4528:14APRIL [2] - 4276:19, 4527:22Arc [15] - 4488:23, 4489:1,

4489:3, 4489:4, 4489:25,4491:15, 4491:20,4491:23, 4492:4, 4492:6,4492:18, 4492:21,4493:25, 4497:9, 4497:11

Archaeological [2] -4497:20, 4500:15

archaeological [7] -4389:11, 4500:10,4500:11, 4500:16,4511:11, 4515:3, 4524:12

archaeology [7] - 4479:20,4480:8, 4483:20, 4483:23,4490:8, 4500:22, 4502:16

archeology [4] - 4479:13,4483:15, 4493:19, 4494:12

ARCHIE [10] - 4275:6,4275:20, 4282:17,4283:11, 4290:25,4310:16, 4318:8, 4326:25,4404:7, 4404:8

Archie [10] - 4274:3, 4274:8,4282:12, 4283:11,4327:21, 4349:12, 4404:6,4404:8, 4408:14, 4475:19

area [133] - 4285:22, 4287:5,4288:8, 4292:22, 4298:24,4299:1, 4303:22, 4304:15,4308:7, 4310:5, 4310:6,4310:7, 4310:12, 4316:8,4319:17, 4320:1, 4320:2,4320:6, 4320:23, 4321:16,4321:22, 4323:5, 4324:1,4324:4, 4326:5, 4327:3,4327:23, 4334:9, 4334:24,4335:16, 4340:20,4341:18, 4351:2, 4362:17,4364:23, 4369:5, 4369:13,4372:11, 4372:13, 4373:4,4373:6, 4373:22, 4381:7,4381:21, 4381:22,4385:16, 4385:19,4386:10, 4386:11,4388:15, 4389:4, 4389:16,4389:20, 4389:21,4389:23, 4389:24,4389:25, 4390:15, 4393:7,4393:17, 4395:9, 4396:9,4396:10, 4402:20,4403:10, 4403:11,4404:13, 4413:12,4416:21, 4423:5, 4424:13,4424:17, 4428:18,4433:21, 4436:19,4439:14, 4440:5, 4447:7,4452:21, 4453:3, 4453:16,4455:15, 4465:21,4465:23, 4466:2, 4466:19,4467:10, 4467:16,4467:18, 4468:16,4469:18, 4471:25, 4472:6,4472:7, 4472:8, 4472:9,4472:11, 4472:15,4472:21, 4473:3, 4479:19,4479:22, 4483:19, 4484:1,4484:3, 4484:5, 4484:11,4488:18, 4488:23,4490:24, 4491:24,4491:25, 4492:3, 4492:4,

4494:1, 4496:4, 4496:15,4496:23, 4500:17, 4501:4,4501:6, 4506:6, 4518:10,4518:20, 4519:10

areas [52] - 4288:2, 4291:4,4301:12, 4303:25, 4304:3,4304:10, 4304:13,4304:16, 4304:19, 4310:2,4341:15, 4360:13,4362:23, 4363:2, 4363:6,4363:25, 4367:24, 4369:6,4369:13, 4369:15, 4370:4,4372:13, 4373:19, 4381:4,4381:23, 4395:19, 4396:9,4411:19, 4413:10,4418:11, 4426:7, 4468:11,4469:20, 4480:1, 4484:19,4484:20, 4490:13,4493:24, 4496:8, 4500:24,4506:6, 4510:2, 4510:5,4510:16, 4510:19,4513:25, 4514:9, 4514:17,4517:10, 4518:3, 4518:22,4519:18

argues [1] - 4455:17arid [1] - 4303:25arises [1] - 4494:17Arm [2] - 4334:8arms [1] - 4342:17arnica [1] - 4338:10arose [1] - 4403:16arrange [1] - 4515:12arrival" [1] - 4349:24arrowheads [1] - 4464:12artefacts [1] - 4524:17article [1] - 4410:2arts [1] - 4337:2Arts [1] - 4372:22Ashcroft [2] - 4465:9,

4518:13aside [1] - 4442:13aspect [2] - 4370:10, 4414:9aspects [3] - 4315:9, 4514:7,

4522:14aspirins [1] - 4285:10Assembly [1] - 4440:12assessing [1] - 4449:10assessment [5] - 4493:19,

4514:3, 4519:16, 4520:7,4524:16

ASSESSMENT [3] - 4272:3,4272:8, 4273:6

Assessment [1] - 4280:19assets [7] - 4333:13,

4334:10, 4353:10,4353:11, 4355:13,4358:12, 4365:21

Assets [1] - 4331:15assimilate [2] - 4407:23,

4407:24assist [2] - 4511:18, 4525:23

assisting [1] - 4280:11associated [5] - 4317:14,

4324:16, 4358:12,4414:10, 4514:7

Association [6] - 4330:9,4356:18, 4367:17,4372:18, 4373:3, 4466:11

association [1] - 4358:1assume [2] - 4355:23,

4446:10assumed [1] - 4447:7assumes [1] - 4447:6assuming [1] - 4500:17assumption [2] - 4317:16,

4318:4assure [2] - 4516:8, 4516:19assuredly [1] - 4521:5AT [11] - 4272:13, 4275:13,

4275:13, 4276:18,4276:19, 4276:20, 4379:4,4379:5, 4527:20, 4527:22,4527:23

ate [3] - 4297:18, 4327:6,4384:1

Atlantic [1] - 4312:5attended [2] - 4380:9,

4409:10attending [1] - 4411:5attention [5] - 4343:23,

4349:9, 4349:18, 4502:7,4527:4

attention" [1] - 4349:6attract [1] - 4353:16attracted [3] - 4362:11,

4362:16, 4370:1attracting [1] - 4354:3attraction [1] - 4355:24ATV [1] - 4511:21ATVs [9] - 4309:3, 4323:12,

4398:2, 4398:15, 4398:20,4426:19, 4459:13, 4460:9,4468:19

audience [1] - 4450:14audio [1] - 4281:9aunt [4] - 4290:5, 4310:9,

4394:9, 4477:14auntie [2] - 4477:6, 4480:2aunts [2] - 4474:11, 4484:5Australia [1] - 4336:9authority [1] - 4372:21available [9] - 4281:7,

4287:23, 4288:20,4289:15, 4321:13,4333:14, 4501:22,4514:24, 4519:11

Avner [1] - 4410:12avoid [4] - 4398:5, 4511:7,

4514:17, 4514:22aware [15] - 4282:7, 4286:20,

4343:10, 4353:19,4355:12, 4356:19,



3

4374:19, 4381:24, 4446:1,4447:22, 4500:11,4500:20, 4508:6, 4523:16,4523:20

awareness [1] - 4329:17awesome [1] - 4384:7awful [4] - 4454:20, 4461:5,

4461:7B&Bs [1] - 4518:6B.C [8] - 4305:11, 4372:8,

4372:12, 4392:1, 4448:19,4495:20, 4497:13, 4521:3

B.C. [1] - 4469:11BA [1] - 4441:20baby [2] - 4527:8, 4527:10backcountry [5] - 4339:14,

4346:3, 4347:1, 4369:11,4510:17

background [7] - 4284:10,4329:14, 4387:25,4419:21, 4446:21,4451:14, 4465:18

backyard [2] - 4345:6,4407:6

backyards [1] - 4279:9bad [6] - 4285:15, 4302:22,

4304:7, 4313:11, 4406:6,4449:6

badger [3] - 4496:5, 4496:8,4496:9

Badger [1] - 4496:5bag [1] - 4286:1bait [1] - 4293:23bake [1] - 4448:1Baloney [1] - 4453:4band [9] - 4339:5, 4343:14,

4343:25, 4392:16, 4398:5,4398:10, 4403:8, 4405:3,4425:4

Band [23] - 4283:13,4310:25, 4319:14,4319:15, 4327:2, 4334:8,4343:24, 4359:23, 4392:1,4392:16, 4401:6, 4404:9,4412:16, 4417:6, 4439:15,4457:12, 4462:20,4462:25, 4465:14,4505:15, 4513:14,4514:16, 4515:15

Banderas [1] - 4345:12bands [2] - 4399:20, 4452:20Bands [2] - 4445:2, 4455:15bank [1] - 4301:13bannock [1] - 4338:4Baptiste [2] - 4278:4,

4279:19Bar [2] - 4480:19, 4491:12barely [1] - 4476:25barge [1] - 4354:23based [3] - 4337:1, 4344:14,

4444:16

Based [1] - 4355:21basic [1] - 4386:9Basin [1] - 4516:1basis [1] - 4448:9basket [2] - 4291:10basketfull [1] - 4299:4basketry [1] - 4381:3baskets [2] - 4291:11,

4381:3bat [2] - 4362:6, 4362:8bateh [1] - 4320:18Battison [3] - 4273:14,

4280:22, 4515:10battle [1] - 4475:17Bay [4] - 4340:3, 4444:24,

4449:8, 4455:21BC [5] - 4357:15, 4520:6,

4520:17, 4520:21, 4520:23BCEID [1] - 4497:13Beach [3] - 4450:9, 4450:10,

4450:16bead [1] - 4384:23beads [1] - 4448:2bear [5] - 4312:6, 4383:2,

4424:9, 4437:18, 4447:3bearing [1] - 4492:7bears [3] - 4299:23, 4312:13,

4424:8beats [1] - 4419:8beautiful [10] - 4277:3,

4331:19, 4334:10,4335:19, 4349:16, 4365:2,4424:3, 4424:19, 4426:15,4429:11

beauty [2] - 4344:19,4362:17

became [2] - 4292:15,4317:18

become [2] - 4311:7,4410:21

becomes [3] - 4441:2,4449:12, 4454:4

bee [1] - 4521:1bee-keeping [1] - 4521:1beehives [2] - 4413:19,

4414:14beekeeper [1] - 4408:22beekeepers [1] - 4413:9beekeeping [2] - 4409:6,

4414:21bees [5] - 4413:10, 4413:13,

4414:5, 4415:4, 4415:6Bees [1] - 4415:7beetle [3] - 4509:25,

4510:15, 4518:16beetles [1] - 4422:1begin [13] - 4277:22,

4279:11, 4280:5, 4281:24,4282:15, 4283:5, 4283:17,4379:7, 4379:9, 4417:3,4431:9, 4473:13, 4526:5

beginning [5] - 4361:6,4361:8, 4377:22, 4472:25,4520:24

behalf [3] - 4438:19,4455:13, 4509:18

behest [1] - 4445:12behind [14] - 4280:21,

4280:24, 4299:20, 4313:8,4319:23, 4326:17, 4358:5,4374:14, 4399:7, 4428:3,4452:1, 4472:10, 4509:1,4526:13

beings [1] - 4311:4Bell [12] - 4273:14, 4280:18,

4390:12, 4400:25,4440:16, 4442:15,4442:19, 4443:9, 4443:24,4443:25, 4456:9, 4525:6

BELL [31] - 4316:24, 4317:1,4318:6, 4319:18, 4321:15,4322:19, 4324:11,4324:24, 4351:22,4355:15, 4358:3, 4388:9,4388:18, 4388:21,4389:14, 4389:22, 4390:7,4413:3, 4435:23, 4436:5,4436:7, 4436:11, 4436:15,4436:18, 4436:23,4456:12, 4487:17, 4497:8,4497:18, 4499:19, 4509:16

Bell-Irving [12] - 4273:14,4280:18, 4390:12,4400:25, 4440:16,4442:15, 4442:19, 4443:9,4443:24, 4443:25, 4456:9,4525:6

BELL-IRVING [31] - 4316:24,4317:1, 4318:6, 4319:18,4321:15, 4322:19,4324:11, 4324:24,4351:22, 4355:15, 4358:3,4388:9, 4388:18, 4388:21,4389:14, 4389:22, 4390:7,4413:3, 4435:23, 4436:5,4436:7, 4436:11, 4436:15,4436:18, 4436:23,4456:12, 4487:17, 4497:8,4497:18, 4499:19, 4509:16

belong [1] - 4345:16below [4] - 4421:1, 4421:3,

4465:22, 4465:23Below [1] - 4421:14bench [1] - 4423:22benches [3] - 4492:25,

4493:3, 4493:23benefit [3] - 4410:20, 4412:5,

4454:11Berger [1] - 4446:4berries [27] - 4283:21,

4289:16, 4289:17, 4291:2,4291:8, 4291:13, 4296:25,4297:8, 4297:13, 4298:22,

4298:23, 4298:25, 4299:2,4313:10, 4313:20, 4327:6,4327:14, 4380:13, 4384:4,4386:16, 4394:5, 4422:11,4437:18, 4437:19, 4464:17

berry [18] - 4288:3, 4289:19,4289:22, 4299:5, 4304:10,4305:4, 4325:10, 4325:12,4327:3, 4327:5, 4327:11,4338:3, 4380:18, 4380:19,4380:23, 4381:1, 4394:17,4427:23

BERT [3] - 4276:6, 4462:15,4462:24

Bert [2] - 4274:16, 4462:24best [6] - 4313:14, 4328:6,

4365:24, 4494:3, 4528:11Best [1] - 4512:5bestowed [1] - 4521:20better [10] - 4285:12,

4297:14, 4315:10, 4420:2,4445:8, 4454:15, 4478:7,4501:16, 4509:4, 4524:5

between [18] - 4287:7,4287:9, 4289:18, 4301:7,4317:21, 4323:21,4341:18, 4343:13, 4359:4,4363:12, 4364:22,4372:17, 4376:5, 4407:17,4444:6, 4502:14, 4513:17,4516:5

Between [1] - 4399:20Bev [10] - 4277:25, 4348:18,

4356:22, 4440:22,4442:17, 4444:6, 4445:12,4445:13, 4452:21

beyond [4] - 4419:19,4450:3, 4504:14, 4514:8

biassed [1] - 4446:25Big [4] - 4322:12, 4395:13,

4404:19, 4480:19big [30] - 4286:24, 4294:3,

4294:19, 4296:25, 4315:1,4322:6, 4323:14, 4342:15,4342:16, 4342:17, 4389:2,4393:19, 4396:8, 4397:21,4407:3, 4425:8, 4453:1,4454:3, 4463:2, 4464:1,4464:3, 4464:10, 4465:4,4474:17, 4477:9, 4484:3,4496:14, 4504:7, 4522:22

bigger [1] - 4424:14biggest [3] - 4392:17,

4398:2, 4429:22Bighorn [1] - 4417:1bikes [4] - 4309:4, 4323:13,

4352:9, 4460:10biking [1] - 4510:9Bill [16] - 4273:4, 4274:14,

4278:1, 4280:7, 4361:3,4401:2, 4439:6, 4441:19,



4

4445:23, 4446:18,4456:24, 4468:22,4475:15, 4521:11, 4522:7,4522:8

BILL [3] - 4276:3, 4439:7,4446:13

Bill's [3] - 4521:12, 4521:20,4522:1

billions [3] - 4456:2Billy [5] - 4274:15, 4457:8,

4457:11, 4460:18, 4462:8BILLY [8] - 4276:4, 4457:9,

4457:10, 4461:1, 4461:4,4461:15, 4461:19, 4461:24

biological [1] - 4517:12Bircher [1] - 4444:25birds [3] - 4297:15, 4297:18bit [29] - 4290:22, 4294:17,

4300:7, 4303:14, 4304:24,4306:13, 4308:25, 4316:4,4359:8, 4375:13, 4383:12,4384:13, 4385:24,4392:23, 4392:24, 4393:4,4393:16, 4393:25,4394:21, 4397:13,4399:13, 4403:23,4426:17, 4430:1, 4432:14,4433:18, 4433:23,4473:14, 4496:12

black [1] - 4427:12Black [2] - 4313:8, 4425:12blah [3] - 4362:6blah-blah-blah [1] - 4362:6blank [1] - 4278:13bless [3] - 4277:8, 4526:23,

4526:25BLESSING [4] - 4275:12,

4276:16, 4378:18, 4526:24blessing [1] - 4378:13blew [2] - 4348:15, 4425:23blind [1] - 4298:7blizzards [1] - 4298:4blood [2] - 4289:12, 4329:11blooded [1] - 4442:11bloom [2] - 4303:24, 4307:13blooming [1] - 4413:17blossoms [1] - 4287:6blow [1] - 4296:6blown [1] - 4425:20blue [1] - 4299:24blueberries [6] - 4297:21,

4304:14, 4310:10,4310:11, 4325:11, 4428:10

Blueprint [1] - 4330:7board [2] - 4333:24, 4359:22boards [1] - 4296:16Bob [2] - 4273:3, 4280:6bodies [2] - 4312:8, 4389:3body [1] - 4380:3boggling [1] - 4507:15boiled [1] - 4285:7

boiling [1] - 4423:3bombarded [1] - 4348:13bonding [1] - 4522:13bonds [1] - 4410:9bone [2] - 4490:22, 4493:12bones [4] - 4284:20, 4285:6,

4285:7, 4444:19book [9] - 4305:8, 4305:9,

4305:13, 4310:18,4310:23, 4311:10,4311:12, 4312:10, 4312:20

books [3] - 4347:9, 4366:6,4373:9

born [3] - 4283:20, 4358:20,4439:18

botanical [1] - 4347:3bothers [1] - 4448:12bottom [2] - 4489:19, 4507:9bought [1] - 4288:19boundaries [2] - 4387:18,

4393:7boy [4] - 4293:10, 4298:12,

4298:14, 4342:17braiding [1] - 4286:11brains [1] - 4504:24brainstorm [1] - 4365:20brainstorming [2] - 4341:19,

4362:21Branch [3] - 4497:11,

4500:15brand [1] - 4427:8bread [2] - 4337:25, 4354:11break [7] - 4284:16, 4285:10,

4337:25, 4378:7, 4437:8,4502:25, 4503:3

BREAK [4] - 4275:12,4379:3, 4437:10, 4503:6

breakfast [2] - 4412:24,4456:19

breaks [1] - 4475:1breathing [1] - 4296:14Brian [2] - 4273:14, 4280:22bribe [1] - 4356:7bridge [12] - 4293:25,

4294:6, 4294:23, 4297:7,4298:14, 4313:24,4420:22, 4421:2, 4421:12,4421:13, 4427:3

Bridge [1] - 4296:23bridges [1] - 4321:2BRIEF [2] - 4437:10, 4503:6brief [2] - 4329:14, 4332:5briefcase [1] - 4439:9briefly [1] - 4515:9Brigham [21] - 4392:21,

4395:20, 4415:2, 4428:18,4429:25, 4431:1, 4431:3,4434:20, 4436:4, 4436:5,4436:14, 4436:15,4436:16, 4470:23, 4471:3,4471:12, 4479:19, 4496:22

bring [29] - 4285:5, 4292:6,4295:9, 4310:24, 4329:17,4338:15, 4339:20,4343:23, 4344:9, 4349:18,4351:6, 4354:16, 4395:1,4409:1, 4437:13, 4439:9,4447:2, 4448:3, 4453:2,4453:5, 4453:6, 4453:8,4458:19, 4459:21,4466:10, 4470:13,4474:25, 4525:22, 4526:17

bringing [10] - 4343:25,4367:12, 4370:7, 4391:19,4404:2, 4462:9, 4487:11,4502:6, 4502:21, 4522:23

brings [2] - 4370:9, 4370:11Bristol [2] - 4443:18Britain [3] - 4346:7, 4346:8British [21] - 4272:24,

4330:8, 4344:16, 4344:17,4345:22, 4350:1, 4354:17,4356:18, 4357:5, 4357:9,4367:17, 4367:19,4372:18, 4372:19,4372:20, 4374:20,4441:21, 4443:14,4448:14, 4518:3, 4528:4

Brooks [2] - 4410:2, 4410:11brother [4] - 4318:10,

4327:10, 4476:7, 4481:3brothers [5] - 4379:24,

4380:1, 4380:4, 4380:8,4432:7

Brought [1] - 4392:11brought [13] - 4306:19,

4307:13, 4349:2, 4359:22,4380:12, 4408:21, 4423:7,4453:20, 4453:24, 4457:2,4495:4, 4506:8, 4517:6

Bruce [1] - 4503:24Brush [2] - 4335:22, 4344:22bubble [2] - 4353:20,

4365:18bucket [2] - 4288:16, 4302:3buckskin [1] - 4292:18Budge [1] - 4442:24buds [3] - 4288:13, 4288:14,

4288:23Budweiser [1] - 4475:11build [7] - 4375:16, 4451:5,

4470:10, 4518:25, 4520:4,4520:22, 4521:5

building [7] - 4355:3, 4355:6,4375:3, 4397:4, 4467:1,4521:4

buildings [1] - 4363:13built [9] - 4308:9, 4308:10,

4322:22, 4355:1, 4355:4,4409:22, 4411:17,4414:24, 4521:10

bulk [1] - 4339:11

bull [1] - 4453:14bunch [1] - 4499:13burden [3] - 4466:12,

4466:14, 4511:2burial [15] - 4479:11,

4479:15, 4480:7, 4483:10,4487:2, 4490:22, 4490:23,4490:24, 4493:4, 4493:8,4493:9, 4497:25, 4524:11,4524:17

burials [3] - 4480:12, 4482:6,4483:7

buried [3] - 4483:8, 4483:11,4486:25

burned [1] - 4292:19Burrard [1] - 4334:7Burt [1] - 4462:13bury [1] - 4480:9bush [3] - 4310:11, 4423:2,

4463:18bushes [3] - 4289:19,

4289:22, 4325:12business [10] - 4370:24,

4376:2, 4376:4, 4447:5,4447:7, 4506:15, 4506:16,4506:17, 4514:12, 4514:13

businesses [4] - 4355:1,4359:20, 4367:7, 4523:22

businessman [1] - 4454:17but.. [1] - 4491:2butter [1] - 4354:11buy [3] - 4293:21, 4455:18,

4483:5buying [1] - 4338:5BY [62] - 4275:4, 4275:5,

4275:7, 4275:8, 4275:9,4275:10, 4275:11,4275:15, 4275:16,4275:17, 4275:18,4275:19, 4275:20,4275:21, 4275:22,4275:23, 4275:24, 4276:1,4276:2, 4276:3, 4276:4,4276:5, 4276:6, 4276:7,4276:8, 4276:9, 4276:10,4276:12, 4276:13,4276:14, 4276:15,4279:13, 4282:17,4316:23, 4324:25,4328:14, 4351:21, 4361:4,4379:13, 4388:8, 4390:9,4391:24, 4401:3, 4404:7,4408:19, 4413:4, 4415:16,4429:19, 4435:22, 4438:3,4439:7, 4457:9, 4460:22,4462:15, 4470:25,4473:12, 4478:18,4487:22, 4497:7, 4500:5,4503:18, 4509:15

cabin [4] - 4288:7, 4463:10,4463:12, 4479:21



5

Cabinet [1] - 4449:3cabins [2] - 4285:3, 4484:6Cache [1] - 4319:5cache [5] - 4490:21,

4498:18, 4499:7, 4499:8,4499:9

camera [3] - 4416:7,4423:25, 4424:5

Camille [21] - 4274:3,4279:15, 4279:18, 4282:8,4282:16, 4283:7, 4310:25,4325:4, 4327:21, 4417:10,4439:20, 4440:21, 4503:1,4503:12, 4503:17, 4509:9,4509:16, 4515:8, 4515:22,4525:9, 4526:7

CAMILLE [33] - 4275:5,4276:14, 4277:2, 4277:16,4282:17, 4282:19, 4283:7,4283:19, 4300:12,4303:17, 4305:2, 4306:3,4306:16, 4308:12,4308:18, 4308:22, 4309:3,4309:18, 4310:4, 4316:7,4317:10, 4320:11,4321:20, 4323:7, 4324:18,4325:9, 4326:3, 4379:1,4437:15, 4503:18,4503:19, 4526:25, 4527:3

Camp [1] - 4484:23camp [7] - 4295:9, 4300:15,

4300:20, 4384:1, 4432:3,4464:3

Campbell [1] - 4439:14camped [4] - 4290:3,

4300:17, 4301:19campfire [1] - 4420:6campfires [1] - 4419:16camping [1] - 4305:6Canada [14] - 4329:20,

4330:2, 4330:9, 4336:13,4344:16, 4345:21,4345:23, 4350:10,4356:14, 4357:11,4367:19, 4368:23,4371:23, 4528:5

CANADIAN [3] - 4272:3,4272:8, 4273:6

Canadian [2] - 4356:9,4473:20

Canadians [2] - 4405:11,4473:21

cancer [1] - 4327:7Cane [2] - 4379:20, 4478:22cane [1] - 4292:4Canfisco [1] - 4443:18Canim [4] - 4296:24,

4298:24, 4392:6, 4479:2canned [3] - 4419:8,

4419:11, 4444:7canner [1] - 4422:19

Cannes [1] - 4331:24canning [4] - 4422:15,

4443:13, 4443:15, 4443:17cannot [5] - 4299:19, 4312:1,

4355:9, 4377:16, 4378:2Canoe [48] - 4272:22,

4278:8, 4278:11, 4279:20,4291:24, 4293:5, 4293:19,4300:9, 4310:24, 4312:22,4313:23, 4319:14,4319:15, 4328:18, 4329:3,4329:15, 4330:23,4331:14, 4338:19,4347:17, 4351:2, 4358:2,4361:17, 4363:12,4370:17, 4392:1, 4392:15,4404:9, 4415:20, 4417:6,4417:7, 4417:11, 4417:20,4423:15, 4424:23, 4427:5,4457:12, 4462:19,4465:13, 4465:17,4473:17, 4486:17, 4491:9,4491:11, 4508:15,4513:14, 4514:16, 4514:18

Canyon [3] - 4349:20,4350:23

canyon [1] - 4381:12capacities [3] - 4274:3,

4274:7, 4274:16capacity [13] - 4274:5,

4274:6, 4274:8, 4274:9,4274:10, 4274:11,4274:13, 4274:14,4274:15, 4274:17,4274:18, 4274:19, 4505:13

Cape [2] - 4439:14, 4439:15capitalization [1] - 4454:20car [1] - 4389:3carcass [1] - 4459:24carcinogens [4] - 4310:20,

4310:22, 4311:3, 4312:12card [1] - 4477:2care [4] - 4410:16, 4503:22,

4507:3, 4507:19careful [2] - 4344:23, 4386:7cares [1] - 4447:9Cariboo [7] - 4304:18,

4333:16, 4333:21,4344:18, 4495:22,4513:20, 4518:21

Cariboo-Chilcotin [3] -4344:18, 4513:20, 4518:21

Carl [1] - 4336:16Carolyn [1] - 4273:9carrots [1] - 4292:13carry [1] - 4475:4carrying [3] - 4357:5,

4495:25, 4496:1case [5] - 4328:11, 4374:8,

4501:24, 4508:4, 4518:1cases [1] - 4505:15

Casper [2] - 4425:8catch [7] - 4298:15, 4314:19,

4394:22, 4420:2, 4422:6,4468:4, 4476:13

Catching [1] - 4295:13catching [2] - 4294:5, 4468:3Catholic [1] - 4291:24cats [2] - 4431:23, 4436:12cattle [3] - 4428:21, 4466:14,

4486:18Cattlemen [1] - 4466:11caught [4] - 4293:16, 4420:3,

4461:9, 4481:11caused [1] - 4461:21CBC [1] - 4356:12CCR [1] - 4274:24CEAA [1] - 4273:6cease [1] - 4451:20cedar [1] - 4338:10celebrate [1] - 4349:17celebrated [1] - 4374:5celebrating [3] - 4334:18,

4346:2, 4346:3celebrations [1] - 4337:17Celesta [1] - 4327:9Celistine [1] - 4379:19Central [1] - 4332:1centre [8] - 4299:16,

4494:16, 4500:10, 4511:6,4512:12, 4514:20, 4515:1,4515:17

Centre [3] - 4340:3, 4340:4,4371:5

cents [2] - 4366:1, 4366:24centuries [1] - 4347:10century [1] - 4335:17ceremonies [1] - 4356:19CEREMONY [5] - 4275:3,

4276:17, 4277:15,4437:20, 4527:19

ceremony [3] - 4279:16,4379:8, 4526:17

certain [15] - 4342:7,4349:25, 4353:10, 4354:7,4356:19, 4369:4, 4369:6,4369:25, 4370:4, 4372:12,4373:18, 4376:12, 4377:3,4381:4

Certainly [1] - 4412:17certainly [4] - 4282:24,

4409:16, 4453:12, 4514:17Certificate [1] - 4523:18CERTIFICATION [1] - 4528:1certify [1] - 4528:5cetera [2] - 4354:13, 4354:14chair [2] - 4360:25, 4366:20Chair [8] - 4273:3, 4280:6,

4280:15, 4316:6, 4388:9,4435:19, 4462:18, 4470:19

Chairman [12] - 4317:1,4351:24, 4408:20, 4413:3,

4435:23, 4439:9, 4442:14,4442:19, 4443:6, 4446:4,4456:6, 4456:12

CHAIRMAN [96] - 4275:4,4279:13, 4279:14, 4281:2,4282:23, 4316:21,4316:25, 4325:1, 4326:24,4327:19, 4328:2, 4328:10,4351:15, 4360:22, 4361:2,4365:4, 4368:1, 4372:5,4374:13, 4375:1, 4375:13,4378:4, 4379:6, 4383:8,4388:4, 4390:10, 4390:16,4391:1, 4391:8, 4391:17,4391:22, 4400:23, 4402:3,4402:8, 4402:12, 4402:18,4403:4, 4403:12, 4403:25,4404:5, 4408:13, 4412:10,4412:18, 4414:12,4414:16, 4415:10,4415:14, 4416:19,4416:24, 4429:8, 4429:17,4435:20, 4436:24, 4437:7,4437:11, 4437:22,4438:23, 4446:11, 4456:7,4456:16, 4456:23, 4457:7,4460:18, 4461:12,4461:18, 4461:20, 4462:8,4462:12, 4462:16, 4471:1,4471:16, 4471:20,4472:18, 4473:5, 4473:10,4478:10, 4478:16, 4487:8,4487:13, 4487:18, 4497:4,4498:8, 4498:11, 4498:23,4499:14, 4499:16, 4500:1,4501:3, 4501:14, 4502:5,4502:17, 4502:24, 4503:7,4509:9, 4525:6, 4526:22

challenge [2] - 4340:10,4360:18

challenging [1] - 4348:5Chambermaid [1] - 4455:8chance [7] - 4331:17,

4334:20, 4338:18,4349:17, 4366:6, 4407:13,4427:17

change [8] - 4281:22,4297:20, 4300:13,4327:23, 4419:20, 4445:4,4504:8, 4504:10

changed [8] - 4297:22,4297:23, 4298:18, 4300:3,4300:11, 4304:23,4306:15, 4504:9

changes [8] - 4300:8,4303:14, 4308:25, 4323:3,4358:15, 4359:18,4385:25, 4396:18

changing [1] - 4421:1Chapter [1] - 4445:22characterizations [1] -

4497:22



6

Charles [1] - 4431:12Charleyboy [1] - 4437:16CHARLIE [2] - 4275:24,

4429:19Charlie [4] - 4274:11,

4349:22, 4429:17, 4429:20CHARLIZE [12] - 4275:25,

4429:19, 4431:15,4431:17, 4431:20,4431:22, 4432:1, 4432:4,4432:7, 4432:10, 4432:12,4432:15

Charlize [3] - 4274:12,4429:18, 4431:15

charm [1] - 4335:16chase [2] - 4451:21, 4466:9cheap [1] - 4455:19check [2] - 4289:5, 4361:2Chehalis [1] - 4349:22Chelsea [1] - 4278:12chemical [1] - 4517:12chemistry [1] - 4428:20cherries [1] - 4394:7Chevy [3] - 4432:12,

4432:15, 4432:16CHIEF [12] - 4276:2, 4276:3,

4276:14, 4277:16, 4438:3,4438:4, 4439:7, 4439:8,4446:13, 4457:5, 4503:18,4503:19

Chief [49] - 4274:13,4274:14, 4277:25, 4278:1,4278:4, 4278:6, 4278:7,4279:15, 4279:18,4279:19, 4327:9, 4328:22,4334:5, 4348:19, 4349:21,4349:25, 4350:23,4353:21, 4356:22,4359:12, 4359:22, 4438:1,4438:5, 4438:7, 4438:23,4439:6, 4440:11, 4441:6,4441:19, 4456:7, 4457:4,4502:25, 4503:12,4503:17, 4509:9, 4509:16,4510:10, 4515:8, 4521:11,4521:19, 4521:21,4521:22, 4525:9, 4526:7

Chief's [2] - 4338:22,4350:17

Chiefs [2] - 4505:19, 4509:17Chilcotin [7] - 4321:21,

4344:18, 4404:13,4466:23, 4507:5, 4513:20,4518:21

Chilcotins [2] - 4435:12,4478:3

child [18] - 4283:24, 4291:14,4292:8, 4293:3, 4296:11,4296:18, 4296:21, 4297:1,4312:25, 4315:14,4315:17, 4319:9, 4382:20,

4386:2, 4386:18, 4407:11,4409:16, 4482:1

child's [1] - 4344:6childhood [3] - 4291:1,

4291:9, 4297:12children [14] - 4295:23,

4305:1, 4380:21, 4382:11,4382:25, 4386:6, 4386:7,4387:7, 4406:16, 4406:23,4473:24, 4474:25, 4478:7,4486:6

children's [2] - 4302:18,4475:8

chill [1] - 4477:18China [2] - 4348:14, 4480:18Chinese [2] - 4463:22,

4464:4choice [2] - 4364:22, 4383:3choices [3] - 4349:24,

4354:2, 4369:23choke [1] - 4394:7choose [1] - 4335:3chore [1] - 4291:14chores [2] - 4291:25, 4292:6Chris [1] - 4278:20Christmas [1] - 4380:10chromosomes [1] - 4311:4Church [1] - 4291:25church [1] - 4292:3Churn [10] - 4334:23, 4418:8,

4418:13, 4418:16,4420:16, 4421:4, 4421:14,4421:15, 4425:11, 4493:8

cigarette [1] - 4496:21Cindy [2] - 4273:8, 4280:10Circle [2] - 4393:11, 4394:24circle [3] - 4315:17, 4315:23,

4411:18City [2] - 4331:24, 4331:25city [1] - 4406:1claim [1] - 4332:9claims [2] - 4448:14,

4448:15Claire [1] - 4335:20clan [1] - 4521:23CLARA [7] - 4275:5, 4277:2,

4282:17, 4379:1, 4437:15,4526:25, 4527:3

Clara [11] - 4274:3, 4277:16,4282:8, 4282:15, 4283:7,4283:17, 4299:7, 4300:7,4342:4, 4347:4, 4515:22

Clara's [1] - 4517:16clarification [1] - 4501:15clarified [1] - 4437:2clarify [7] - 4324:11,

4389:15, 4435:24,4438:12, 4438:15, 4439:1,4471:5

clarifying [2] - 4391:8,4438:24

Clark [2] - 4273:13, 4280:25Class [1] - 4283:12classified [1] - 4513:24clause [1] - 4445:24clean [5] - 4444:10, 4468:9,

4476:11, 4476:13, 4517:7cleaning [3] - 4422:24,

4423:2, 4455:8cleansing [2] - 4287:16,

4387:10clear [16] - 4287:17, 4332:17,

4334:12, 4334:13, 4339:5,4342:20, 4353:11, 4356:6,4360:4, 4408:16, 4422:6,4438:21, 4439:5, 4442:4,4443:6, 4456:10

clearcuts [4] - 4298:21,4313:9, 4327:13, 4510:1

clearcutting [1] - 4340:17cleared [2] - 4324:21, 4326:5clearly [4] - 4375:14,

4438:19, 4521:13, 4523:5cliff [3] - 4349:4, 4485:1,

4489:4cliffs [1] - 4484:23climb [2] - 4489:9, 4489:13climbers [1] - 4489:7Clinton [1] - 4314:4close [16] - 4282:5, 4288:8,

4299:25, 4315:15, 4318:8,4327:15, 4383:18,4383:20, 4459:18,4481:21, 4508:13, 4518:7,4525:7, 4526:10, 4526:18

closed [1] - 4341:2closed-door [1] - 4341:2closely [2] - 4355:14, 4502:3closer [4] - 4376:15,

4420:11, 4471:16, 4471:18CLOSING [4] - 4276:14,

4276:15, 4503:18, 4509:15closing [8] - 4503:1,

4503:12, 4503:16,4509:14, 4525:1, 4526:7,4526:11, 4526:17

cloth [1] - 4291:4clothing [1] - 4293:21cloud [1] - 4421:21CN [1] - 4518:12co [1] - 4518:4co-exists [1] - 4518:4Coast [1] - 4314:5coffin [2] - 4475:23, 4506:12coined [1] - 4410:12colds [1] - 4287:21Coles [1] - 4341:11Colette [2] - 4273:7, 4280:8colleagues [2] - 4361:3,

4509:18collect [4] - 4296:11,

4309:24, 4415:6, 4485:18

collected [1] - 4485:15College [1] - 4333:21collision [1] - 4309:20colonialism [1] - 4404:19colour [1] - 4293:7Columbia [21] - 4272:24,

4330:8, 4344:17, 4344:18,4345:23, 4350:1, 4354:18,4356:18, 4357:5, 4357:9,4367:18, 4367:20,4372:18, 4372:19,4372:20, 4374:20,4441:21, 4443:14,4448:14, 4518:3, 4528:4

columnist [1] - 4410:1combine [1] - 4413:21combines [1] - 4413:24combining [1] - 4414:1comfortable [2] - 4356:16,

4356:24coming [62] - 4286:11,

4296:5, 4298:4, 4303:12,4315:5, 4315:7, 4325:14,4325:22, 4328:4, 4329:2,4330:4, 4330:15, 4332:2,4341:5, 4341:10, 4343:5,4344:25, 4345:1, 4345:2,4345:3, 4347:6, 4347:13,4347:17, 4353:21,4361:13, 4364:17,4364:18, 4366:8, 4386:8,4386:12, 4387:16,4393:12, 4421:22, 4425:9,4426:19, 4428:15, 4430:4,4431:8, 4435:4, 4437:18,4458:20, 4460:8, 4465:9,4477:12, 4482:9, 4485:3,4485:16, 4488:1, 4488:2,4489:12, 4490:3, 4491:17,4493:13, 4493:14,4495:22, 4495:23,4504:17, 4505:8, 4505:10,4506:4, 4527:1

commend [2] - 4279:4,4505:22

comment [7] - 4324:15,4388:22, 4412:11,4508:13, 4510:8, 4524:4,4526:20

comments [7] - 4323:4,4456:10, 4456:21,4456:24, 4517:17, 4523:5,4523:16

COMMENTS [2] - 4275:4,4279:13

commercial [4] - 4314:20,4409:6, 4516:6, 4522:3

commitment [2] - 4511:14,4525:2

commitments [2] - 4482:16,4523:17



7

Commitments [1] - 4514:21committed [4] - 4500:8,

4511:22, 4512:13, 4524:8committee [2] - 4442:18,

4445:16Committees [1] - 4445:16commodity [2] - 4444:3,

4449:9common [2] - 4289:11,

4423:21communicate [1] - 4416:11communicating [1] - 4388:1communication [2] - 4515:7,

4523:23communications [1] -

4525:3communist [1] - 4441:25communists [1] - 4442:1communities [14] - 4282:25,

4338:21, 4352:19,4355:18, 4355:25, 4356:3,4357:6, 4357:9, 4365:12,4370:9, 4401:18, 4409:23,4456:5, 4506:1

COMMUNITY [5] - 4272:14,4276:19, 4276:20,4527:21, 4527:23

community [117] - 4278:2,4279:2, 4279:4, 4279:25,4306:18, 4307:7, 4315:13,4315:18, 4317:5, 4317:18,4317:24, 4318:3, 4326:8,4330:18, 4330:19,4330:20, 4330:22,4331:21, 4332:20,4332:22, 4333:5, 4333:23,4333:25, 4337:15,4338:20, 4339:4, 4339:12,4339:23, 4340:7, 4340:9,4340:10, 4340:14, 4341:1,4341:2, 4341:20, 4343:9,4344:1, 4346:18, 4347:15,4348:20, 4350:5, 4350:10,4351:4, 4352:18, 4353:12,4355:1, 4356:25, 4358:6,4358:14, 4358:16, 4359:1,4359:2, 4359:10, 4359:25,4360:2, 4360:9, 4361:19,4361:20, 4365:9, 4365:19,4368:13, 4372:7, 4375:22,4375:25, 4376:3, 4376:14,4376:18, 4376:22, 4377:9,4377:10, 4377:11,4381:17, 4386:8, 4386:9,4386:12, 4387:12,4409:14, 4409:18,4410:19, 4411:23,4411:25, 4412:2, 4412:14,4433:14, 4433:22,4438:13, 4438:16,4438:19, 4439:20,4440:14, 4453:10,

4473:18, 4477:23,4479:10, 4479:22, 4505:3,4505:23, 4506:1, 4506:25,4508:5, 4509:18, 4509:23,4514:13, 4514:18, 4515:8,4515:19, 4519:3, 4521:20,4523:7, 4524:15, 4524:18,4524:24, 4526:1, 4526:4,4526:8, 4526:15

Community [2] - 4272:22,4272:23

companies [7] - 4310:21,4376:6, 4401:9, 4445:7,4452:2

company [3] - 4451:23,4508:9, 4511:1

comparatively [1] - 4340:24compared [2] - 4296:21,

4446:3comparison [1] - 4399:2compatible [3] - 4340:16,

4340:25, 4375:21compensated [3] - 4452:15,

4452:16, 4522:22compensating [1] - 4516:14compensation [3] - 4450:25,

4451:8, 4465:8competition [1] - 4516:5complements [1] - 4449:15complete [3] - 4448:22,

4503:11, 4528:10completed [2] - 4349:20,

4375:5completes [1] - 4327:19completing [1] - 4525:24complicate [1] - 4323:3component [2] - 4340:1,

4518:21components [1] - 4513:17compromised [3] - 4311:25,

4312:9, 4312:16computer [1] - 4471:21concentrate [1] - 4518:11concern [16] - 4374:21,

4392:17, 4413:12,4421:24, 4424:21,4429:22, 4445:15, 4458:6,4458:16, 4462:6, 4507:25,4508:12, 4514:16,4514:18, 4519:21, 4520:25

concerned [14] - 4289:23,4373:7, 4373:8, 4376:19,4413:9, 4414:23, 4430:4,4430:21, 4431:7, 4432:24,4458:18, 4460:12,4461:16, 4468:13

concerning [2] - 4512:23,4515:1

concerns [19] - 4282:2,4325:19, 4375:8, 4414:17,4414:20, 4429:21, 4430:2,

4450:3, 4457:14, 4457:16,4479:12, 4505:12,4509:13, 4511:2, 4513:14,4515:21, 4516:9, 4516:16,4519:7

conclude [1] - 4348:4concluded [2] - 4390:17,

4520:13concludes [2] - 4403:25,

4473:5concrete [1] - 4366:22condensed [1] - 4422:22condition [2] - 4350:14,

4520:20conditions [2] - 4518:4,

4523:18conducted [3] - 4333:20,

4493:20, 4512:11Conference [1] - 4330:13confident [2] - 4360:4,

4524:23confidentialities [1] -

4355:20confirm [2] - 4388:13,

4497:9confirms [1] - 4388:21confusing [1] - 4388:22confusion [1] - 4388:21connect [5] - 4337:23,

4337:24, 4342:12, 4353:2,4361:18

connected [3] - 4329:16,4336:20, 4487:6

connection [9] - 4338:22,4342:19, 4346:25,4348:22, 4350:13, 4352:4,4387:23, 4503:25, 4515:19

Connelly [3] - 4273:3,4280:6, 4446:17

conscience [2] - 4442:6,4450:25

consequences [1] - 4516:18conservation [1] - 4406:12Conservative [1] - 4410:1conservative [1] - 4442:1conserve [1] - 4467:24conserving [1] - 4468:8consider [5] - 4352:2,

4409:23, 4459:4, 4519:14,4522:5

Considerable [1] - 4523:13considerable [1] - 4388:14consideration [4] - 4410:16,

4508:16, 4511:2, 4514:8considerations [3] - 4511:5,

4518:24, 4520:12considered [8] - 4365:9,

4389:21, 4410:22,4468:25, 4512:20,4518:19, 4519:4, 4520:8

considering [2] - 4519:1,

4520:11Consistent [1] - 4509:22consistent [1] - 4519:1consortium [1] - 4447:18constantly [1] - 4518:14constituted [1] - 4367:6constitutional [1] - 4445:17constricted [1] - 4441:2construct [2] - 4324:14,

4375:15construction [5] - 4323:2,

4411:6, 4512:2, 4519:4,4519:24

consultant [1] - 4357:25consultation [4] - 4363:5,

4448:18, 4512:3, 4512:10consumption [1] - 4350:8contact [3] - 4413:14,

4500:17, 4524:21containers [1] - 4286:16contains [1] - 4413:19contaminated [9] - 4311:14,

4311:18, 4311:20,4311:22, 4312:7, 4312:8,4312:19, 4313:16, 4327:6

contemplated [1] - 4372:14Contents [1] - 4333:4contested [1] - 4440:13context [1] - 4352:6continue [9] - 4316:8,

4368:6, 4370:18, 4382:10,4384:15, 4393:5, 4468:15,4526:3, 4526:6

continued [1] - 4512:13continuing [2] - 4396:4,

4448:9continuously [1] - 4421:1contractor's [1] - 4283:13contractors [1] - 4315:21contribute [1] - 4365:11contributed [2] - 4295:13,

4331:23contributing [1] - 4516:9contribution [3] - 4327:25,

4365:10, 4368:12contributions [1] - 4523:3control [10] - 4325:6,

4339:17, 4353:24,4353:25, 4370:22, 4372:1,4414:8, 4494:21, 4517:10

controlled [1] - 4325:25CONVENED [2] - 4275:13,

4379:5convenient [1] - 4515:12conversation [5] - 4331:1,

4363:3, 4363:4, 4363:5,4365:20

conversations [6] - 4344:1,4358:16, 4358:17,4358:18, 4361:10, 4362:22

Cook [1] - 4352:22



8

cook [1] - 4508:20cooker [1] - 4422:20cooking [1] - 4484:9cool [3] - 4362:5, 4362:7,

4475:15cooler [1] - 4420:12coolers [1] - 4314:5Copper [1] - 4518:8COPPER [1] - 4272:2copy [1] - 4331:14core [1] - 4357:14cork [1] - 4314:2corner [3] - 4278:2, 4384:4,

4417:2Corporate [1] - 4280:22corporate [2] - 4451:25corporation [6] - 4359:3,

4359:6, 4376:5, 4451:2,4451:17, 4455:16

Corporation [1] - 4521:3corporations [1] - 4453:18corrals [2] - 4484:10,

4484:18correct [6] - 4317:7, 4391:3,

4432:19, 4456:13, 4471:6,4528:10

correctly [3] - 4322:21,4401:5, 4472:1

corridor [14] - 4324:20,4351:1, 4373:25, 4390:4,4490:15, 4492:14,4492:15, 4493:2, 4494:12,4494:18, 4496:25,4502:12, 4506:6

corridors [2] - 4492:11,4496:18

cost [1] - 4520:12costs [1] - 4447:22cottonwood [2] - 4288:13,

4288:14cougar [1] - 4481:25cougars [2] - 4295:25,

4423:5council [1] - 4487:24Council [5] - 4333:17,

4343:25, 4359:22,4505:20, 4516:1

Councillor [17] - 4274:19,4278:8, 4278:9, 4278:11,4278:12, 4278:13,4278:16, 4278:19,4462:19, 4465:14,4487:14, 4487:20, 4497:4,4497:8, 4499:19, 4500:6,4502:5

COUNCILLOR [26] -4276:10, 4462:18,4465:12, 4470:23, 4471:8,4471:18, 4472:2, 4472:23,4473:8, 4487:16, 4487:22,4487:23, 4497:12, 4498:4,

4498:10, 4498:13, 4499:2,4499:15, 4499:17,4500:13, 4500:19,4500:22, 4501:12,4501:25, 4502:8, 4502:23

Councillors [2] - 4279:20,4509:17

Counsel [1] - 4273:13countries [2] - 4405:10,

4410:24country [6] - 4347:2,

4354:12, 4363:25,4366:25, 4370:21, 4510:9

countryside [1] - 4466:22couple [8] - 4299:21, 4365:5,

4403:13, 4438:11,4439:25, 4471:23,4489:24, 4501:3

courage [2] - 4279:5, 4505:2course [16] - 4282:3,

4316:12, 4339:19,4340:13, 4407:5, 4441:2,4444:11, 4444:16,4445:15, 4446:3, 4452:23,4454:2, 4455:18, 4503:15,4508:21, 4526:4

court [4] - 4281:6, 4505:14,4505:23, 4508:4

COURT [1] - 4274:22cousin [3] - 4300:25, 4444:8,

4474:8Cove [1] - 4334:9cover [1] - 4399:16covered [1] - 4425:21cowboy [1] - 4344:21cows [3] - 4489:20, 4489:22coyote [3] - 4424:14,

4481:10, 4481:12coyotes [4] - 4295:25,

4299:24, 4424:17, 4481:17CP [1] - 4518:12crabapples [1] - 4422:12cracked [2] - 4490:21,

4499:10craft [1] - 4337:16crazy [1] - 4344:4create [2] - 4411:18, 4411:19created [6] - 4372:11,

4411:13, 4446:6, 4452:11,4461:21

creating [1] - 4338:8creature [1] - 4446:6credentials [1] - 4446:20creek [8] - 4293:23, 4320:15,

4389:4, 4414:23, 4435:25,4436:11, 4436:13, 4464:10

Creek [124] - 4272:22,4272:23, 4272:23, 4278:1,4278:8, 4278:9, 4278:11,4279:20, 4291:24, 4293:6,4293:17, 4293:19, 4294:1,

4300:9, 4301:10, 4310:25,4312:23, 4313:23,4317:20, 4318:2, 4319:5,4319:14, 4319:15,4319:16, 4322:12,4322:25, 4323:2, 4324:1,4324:12, 4328:18, 4329:3,4329:15, 4330:23,4331:14, 4334:23,4338:20, 4347:17, 4351:2,4358:2, 4361:17, 4363:12,4363:13, 4379:15,4379:18, 4380:14,4385:17, 4388:19, 4392:1,4392:5, 4392:16, 4393:10,4395:20, 4403:10, 4404:9,4408:23, 4409:8, 4409:10,4409:24, 4415:3, 4415:7,4415:20, 4415:21, 4417:6,4417:7, 4417:8, 4417:11,4417:20, 4418:8, 4418:13,4418:16, 4420:16, 4421:4,4421:14, 4421:15,4423:15, 4424:22,4424:23, 4424:24, 4425:1,4425:5, 4425:11, 4425:13,4426:24, 4427:5, 4428:18,4431:22, 4434:20,4436:14, 4436:15,4436:17, 4438:6, 4457:12,4462:19, 4462:25,4463:19, 4465:14,4465:17, 4471:25,4473:17, 4477:24,4478:21, 4479:23, 4484:2,4485:15, 4486:17, 4491:8,4491:9, 4491:11, 4491:22,4491:23, 4493:9, 4502:10,4502:12, 4502:13, 4508:5,4508:15, 4513:14,4514:16, 4514:18

Creek's [1] - 4370:17creeks [5] - 4490:18,

4492:16, 4507:21, 4521:2,4521:8

crew [1] - 4425:4crews [1] - 4453:6criss [1] - 4309:10criss-crossing [1] - 4309:10criteria [1] - 4520:11critical [1] - 4410:17crops [1] - 4292:14cross [8] - 4319:17, 4341:20,

4347:2, 4360:9, 4369:17,4369:18, 4458:24, 4492:1

cross-country [1] - 4347:2cross-section [4] - 4341:20,

4360:9, 4369:17, 4369:18crossed [1] - 4321:1crosses [4] - 4308:17,

4464:10, 4488:20, 4492:15crossing [11] - 4309:10,

4309:13, 4324:3, 4362:14,4388:15, 4388:24, 4390:1,4463:5, 4488:19, 4492:19,4500:12

crowded [1] - 4486:18CSR(A [4] - 4274:23,

4274:24, 4528:3, 4528:19cuisine [3] - 4337:5, 4337:20cultural [13] - 4336:22,

4337:4, 4339:14, 4341:15,4350:6, 4355:16, 4355:22,4370:19, 4377:20,4377:24, 4475:4, 4510:20,4514:15

Cultural [4] - 4337:3, 4340:3,4340:4, 4371:5

culture [14] - 4334:18,4339:9, 4342:2, 4348:3,4348:21, 4371:15, 4382:2,4390:24, 4391:16, 4392:9,4441:15, 4474:6, 4504:20,4506:14

cultured [1] - 4442:12cure [1] - 4326:21curious [4] - 4336:12,

4336:14, 4390:19, 4461:13Curly [1] - 4423:18current [6] - 4308:17,

4343:24, 4343:25,4395:11, 4520:15, 4521:6

curriculum [2] - 4390:20,4391:5

cursory [1] - 4369:7Curtis [1] - 4476:14cut [9] - 4291:16, 4291:17,

4295:10, 4313:16,4393:19, 4416:16,4418:22, 4449:22, 4459:25

cutting [6] - 4293:1, 4393:14,4394:3, 4394:20, 4397:5,4476:15

dab [1] - 4304:13dad [23] - 4317:19, 4384:7,

4393:11, 4394:2, 4394:19,4394:22, 4394:25, 4417:9,4431:19, 4432:3, 4432:17,4432:18, 4464:11,4478:21, 4479:24, 4481:1,4481:11, 4482:11, 4484:5,4485:15, 4485:23,4485:24, 4486:4

daily [1] - 4410:18Daisy [1] - 4423:19Dam [4] - 4436:16, 4470:23,

4471:3, 4471:12dam [3] - 4392:21, 4431:2,

4461:21damage [7] - 4325:7,

4410:22, 4412:1, 4412:3,4433:18, 4433:23, 4510:24

damaged [2] - 4507:7,



9

4507:12damages [3] - 4451:8,

4452:5, 4522:13Dan [1] - 4278:13dance [1] - 4452:8danger [1] - 4496:19dark [5] - 4289:3, 4299:20,

4353:13, 4420:8, 4420:9Darrell [3] - 4274:15, 4457:8,

4457:11DARRELL [2] - 4276:4,

4457:9Dash [1] - 4313:7data [1] - 4368:25date [2] - 4344:3, 4399:1daughter [4] - 4431:14,

4435:8, 4435:25, 4436:12daughters [4] - 4303:19,

4305:17, 4409:9, 4409:16Dave [9] - 4290:22, 4300:5,

4304:21, 4308:24,4310:15, 4316:3, 4349:12,4404:19, 4507:17

Dave's [1] - 4301:5DAVID [2] - 4275:6, 4282:17David [7] - 4274:3, 4283:11,

4318:7, 4342:4, 4342:10,4410:1, 4447:15

day-to-day [1] - 4504:3days [22] - 4285:2, 4286:8,

4302:24, 4309:14,4312:21, 4317:24, 4321:2,4370:8, 4380:11, 4395:9,4438:1, 4441:13, 4441:14,4444:13, 4503:16,4504:21, 4504:25,4507:25, 4508:7, 4508:17,4509:11, 4509:21

daytime [1] - 4425:23deactivated [4] - 4398:14,

4401:12, 4401:19, 4402:1deactivation [3] - 4398:11,

4398:17, 4401:7dead [7] - 4457:21, 4458:2,

4458:4, 4461:6, 4462:4,4496:22

deal [9] - 4367:14, 4440:2,4443:20, 4482:21,4483:12, 4483:14,4483:17, 4524:11, 4524:12

dealing [3] - 4479:10,4479:16, 4483:9

dear [1] - 4418:25death [1] - 4312:16debutage [1] - 4497:24decade [1] - 4333:8decades [2] - 4340:18,

4410:4deceased [2] - 4301:1,

4417:10decide [2] - 4355:8, 4445:11

decided [2] - 4505:20,4523:14

deciding [1] - 4409:20decipher [1] - 4279:1decision [6] - 4448:25,

4449:1, 4449:4, 4473:25,4474:19, 4494:15

decision-making [1] -4448:25

decisions [9] - 4343:22,4356:23, 4440:23,4440:24, 4449:8, 4488:10,4488:14, 4519:2

declaring [1] - 4341:5decommissioned [1] -

4375:18decommissioning [1] -

4375:3decorating [1] - 4384:18decoration [1] - 4385:1dedicate [1] - 4330:20deemed [1] - 4376:13Deep [2] - 4334:9, 4379:16deep [1] - 4297:25deeper [1] - 4505:18deer [43] - 4284:17, 4290:12,

4296:24, 4309:8, 4309:15,4313:17, 4381:11, 4395:3,4395:7, 4396:3, 4396:4,4399:14, 4399:17,4399:18, 4399:24,4402:14, 4423:20, 4424:3,4430:10, 4431:7, 4431:8,4433:9, 4459:11, 4459:23,4463:5, 4464:22, 4466:1,4467:7, 4467:8, 4467:10,4467:13, 4468:14,4471:24, 4472:11,4472:15, 4472:19,4472:22, 4473:1, 4481:25,4483:2, 4486:4

Deer [1] - 4459:24defined [1] - 4370:23defining [2] - 4375:24,

4376:23definitely [1] - 4339:25definition [1] - 4450:22deformed [3] - 4310:23,

4311:7, 4312:15degree [4] - 4364:11, 4378:2,

4441:20, 4507:8deliberate [1] - 4332:24delicate [1] - 4455:3delight [2] - 4330:20, 4348:5delighted [5] - 4330:16,

4333:20, 4333:23,4338:12, 4346:5

delightful [1] - 4342:4deliver [1] - 4524:3demand [10] - 4330:1,

4331:9, 4331:11, 4332:12,

4344:14, 4345:18, 4346:7,4365:24, 4366:21, 4377:13

democrats [1] - 4315:10demographic [2] - 4336:8,

4345:22demographics [1] - 4343:10demonstrate [1] - 4341:17demonstrated [1] - 4454:25demoted [1] - 4291:18department [2] - 4306:23,

4446:6Department [1] - 4356:9dependancy [1] - 4505:18depended [1] - 4466:18depleted [1] - 4468:5depopulated [3] - 4411:9,

4411:11, 4411:12deposit [1] - 4310:21deposited [1] - 4310:20depreciate [1] - 4446:15depression [1] - 4498:18depth [4] - 4287:1, 4332:8,

4340:11, 4363:4described [2] - 4322:23,

4390:17DESCRIPTION [1] - 4275:2descriptions [1] - 4497:23design [2] - 4514:8, 4514:20designated [1] - 4515:14designation [1] - 4518:22desire [1] - 4523:9desperation [1] - 4445:6despite [1] - 4518:10destination [1] - 4373:25destroy [3] - 4326:14,

4443:24, 4507:23Destroy [1] - 4383:5destroyed [5] - 4284:23,

4310:17, 4443:23,4485:20, 4506:15

destroying [1] - 4325:22destruction [5] - 4412:3,

4457:24, 4458:7, 4459:21,4516:7

detail [4] - 4332:8, 4395:5,4512:23, 4513:2

detailed [2] - 4498:22,4514:25

details [1] - 4499:17determine [5] - 4357:6,

4493:19, 4493:20,4513:17, 4524:18

determining [1] - 4515:16detract [1] - 4368:18devastate [1] - 4430:23develop [10] - 4348:6,

4365:7, 4373:18, 4373:25,4502:4, 4511:14, 4511:15,4511:24, 4512:5, 4519:21

developed [3] - 4320:2,4381:25, 4410:6

developing [2] - 4343:15,4369:3

development [32] - 4333:18,4339:19, 4339:25,4340:14, 4352:7, 4354:1,4359:3, 4359:5, 4359:25,4363:2, 4363:6, 4364:12,4364:14, 4365:22, 4366:4,4373:5, 4373:7, 4373:8,4373:12, 4373:24, 4376:5,4376:21, 4377:3, 4377:4,4377:10, 4377:23,4411:20, 4411:25, 4455:7,4511:19, 4517:17, 4523:21

Development [1] - 4331:15develops [1] - 4524:24Devon [1] - 4409:17Dhillon [1] - 4475:10diametrically [1] - 4445:2diamonds [1] - 4455:3die [3] - 4312:1, 4312:9,

4481:23died [2] - 4327:7, 4404:24difference [3] - 4359:4,

4407:17, 4407:18differences [1] - 4357:7different [36] - 4288:1,

4288:2, 4290:24, 4301:2,4301:3, 4302:7, 4303:19,4305:10, 4306:4, 4308:6,4309:25, 4310:11,4320:19, 4322:9, 4323:20,4332:13, 4375:12,4384:15, 4389:4, 4413:19,4418:11, 4421:16,4426:10, 4426:19,4440:17, 4441:24, 4466:5,4472:12, 4484:15, 4490:9,4494:6, 4496:1, 4497:14,4498:15, 4509:6, 4520:8

Different [1] - 4445:4differing [1] - 4357:18difficult [3] - 4474:14,

4519:8, 4525:13difficulty [1] - 4368:21dig [1] - 4479:17diggers' [1] - 4349:23digress [1] - 4448:13diminishing [1] - 4464:16Diminishing [1] - 4465:2dinner [2] - 4442:24, 4527:1dip [3] - 4302:3, 4314:6,

4468:2direct [2] - 4414:17, 4527:7directed [1] - 4482:9direction [2] - 4375:24,

4475:7directly [7] - 4347:12,

4369:21, 4370:11,4372:20, 4377:17, 4413:7,4443:16



10

dirt [4] - 4309:4, 4323:13,4460:10, 4510:9

dirt-bikes [3] - 4309:4,4323:13, 4460:10

dirt-biking [1] - 4510:9disagree [1] - 4523:1disappear [1] - 4312:17disappointed [1] - 4305:22discipline [1] - 4523:8disclaim [1] - 4443:8discovered [2] - 4454:19,

4510:23discuss [2] - 4343:19,

4473:21discussed [3] - 4344:2,

4460:24, 4518:18discussion [12] - 4331:1,

4332:25, 4333:1, 4333:2,4333:24, 4352:17, 4366:7,4366:15, 4376:8, 4378:9,4388:11, 4523:11

discussions [6] - 4355:2,4362:21, 4376:4, 4376:11,4377:8, 4508:17

disruption [1] - 4454:13distance [2] - 4388:14,

4501:21distinct [5] - 4336:22,

4353:5, 4357:8, 4357:10,4357:17

disturbance [5] - 4323:23,4324:16, 4510:24, 4512:1,4517:4

disturbances [1] - 4310:14disturbed [3] - 4364:23,

4381:18, 4517:5disturbing [1] - 4468:6diverse [1] - 4357:10diversification [1] - 4373:21Diversification [1] - 4374:11diversity [1] - 4357:16diverted [1] - 4411:12DNA [1] - 4480:14doctor [1] - 4475:1doctors [1] - 4289:14document [3] - 4332:5,

4358:5, 4363:15documentary [1] - 4349:19documents [2] - 4483:22,

4511:13dog [2] - 4389:5, 4423:9Dog [94] - 4272:23, 4272:23,

4278:9, 4300:22, 4301:7,4301:10, 4303:23,4312:23, 4317:20, 4318:2,4319:14, 4319:15,4322:25, 4323:2, 4323:22,4324:1, 4324:12, 4351:2,4363:13, 4379:15,4379:18, 4380:14,4380:15, 4381:4, 4383:13,

4385:12, 4385:17,4388:11, 4388:13,4388:19, 4388:20,4388:23, 4389:1, 4389:5,4389:15, 4389:18,4389:19, 4389:21,4390:12, 4392:1, 4392:5,4393:9, 4394:8, 4394:13,4395:20, 4396:4, 4396:7,4396:8, 4396:11, 4399:15,4399:19, 4400:2, 4402:21,4403:10, 4408:23, 4409:8,4409:10, 4409:24,4414:15, 4415:7, 4415:21,4417:1, 4417:8, 4418:14,4419:19, 4421:6, 4423:10,4423:23, 4424:18, 4425:5,4426:24, 4429:24,4436:17, 4457:12,4458:23, 4462:25, 4463:9,4465:25, 4467:7, 4467:16,4467:17, 4468:14,4471:25, 4477:24,4478:21, 4479:23,4479:24, 4484:2, 4485:15,4488:8, 4491:8, 4496:5,4496:8

dogs [2] - 4295:22, 4299:15dollar [4] - 4315:4, 4315:6,

4449:16, 4481:16dollars [10] - 4353:8,

4365:25, 4366:24, 4373:4,4443:15, 4447:17,4447:20, 4452:24, 4456:2,4481:16

domain [1] - 4292:20dome [1] - 4479:23Dome [2] - 4313:8, 4425:12done [36] - 4296:9, 4338:8,

4341:18, 4348:21,4365:19, 4400:11,4400:14, 4400:22,4422:10, 4429:14, 4445:8,4447:5, 4449:11, 4455:9,4455:20, 4458:24, 4463:2,4477:22, 4483:23,4491:24, 4492:2, 4492:17,4493:7, 4493:8, 4493:17,4493:18, 4494:1, 4494:14,4494:16, 4496:6, 4501:13,4502:15, 4506:5, 4508:21,4520:6, 4520:18

door [4] - 4299:17, 4337:19,4341:2, 4354:13

doors [2] - 4341:4, 4341:6doorstep [1] - 4345:11Doreen [5] - 4274:7,

4282:11, 4378:13,4391:22, 4391:25

DOREEN [3] - 4275:18,4378:19, 4391:24

double [1] - 4400:18

doubt [2] - 4438:25, 4439:4Doug [1] - 4439:23down [99] - 4285:25, 4289:9,

4291:25, 4296:13, 4297:6,4297:7, 4297:8, 4300:15,4300:24, 4301:19, 4303:5,4307:3, 4315:5, 4315:7,4338:7, 4347:4, 4349:4,4365:25, 4373:23, 4374:6,4375:19, 4381:11,4383:19, 4383:25,4385:11, 4385:12,4388:17, 4389:6, 4389:11,4392:18, 4394:4, 4394:5,4394:12, 4394:16,4395:14, 4401:14,4402:16, 4408:2, 4414:15,4416:16, 4418:8, 4418:9,4418:10, 4418:11,4418:14, 4418:15,4418:16, 4419:14,4419:15, 4421:6, 4421:7,4421:12, 4421:22, 4423:8,4426:24, 4427:2, 4427:15,4427:18, 4434:1, 4435:4,4436:16, 4454:8, 4460:6,4463:10, 4463:14,4463:21, 4465:23,4465:24, 4465:25, 4467:7,4467:19, 4471:11, 4472:8,4485:17, 4488:18,4488:23, 4488:25,4490:11, 4490:19, 4491:6,4491:9, 4491:10, 4491:13,4491:17, 4493:12, 4496:4,4496:8, 4496:15, 4496:21,4497:1, 4499:5, 4510:11,4528:7

Down [2] - 4463:9, 4465:22downhill [2] - 4444:21,

4454:12Dr [1] - 4274:4DR [87] - 4275:6, 4282:18,

4283:2, 4283:16, 4290:21,4300:5, 4303:13, 4304:24,4305:24, 4306:13, 4308:8,4308:16, 4308:20,4308:23, 4309:16,4309:22, 4316:3, 4383:10,4384:13, 4384:19, 4385:2,4385:11, 4385:18,4385:24, 4386:24, 4387:1,4387:13, 4387:21, 4388:2,4389:7, 4390:2, 4392:22,4394:25, 4395:4, 4395:10,4395:17, 4395:21,4395:25, 4396:3, 4396:6,4396:12, 4396:17,4396:20, 4396:25, 4397:7,4397:12, 4397:15, 4398:4,4398:8, 4398:17, 4398:22,4399:1, 4399:5, 4399:10,

4399:13, 4399:22, 4400:4,4417:3, 4426:12, 4428:25,4429:5, 4429:7, 4431:12,4431:16, 4431:18,4431:21, 4431:24, 4432:2,4432:5, 4432:8, 4432:11,4432:13, 4432:16, 4433:1,4433:4, 4433:9, 4433:13,4433:24, 4434:4, 4434:8,4434:16, 4435:1, 4435:6,4435:17, 4470:20,4470:24, 4473:13

drain [1] - 4411:15drainage [2] - 4428:19,

4508:5drained [2] - 4411:9, 4411:11draining [1] - 4457:16drastic [1] - 4300:13drastically [1] - 4300:4draw [2] - 4335:16, 4340:13Dreams [1] - 4406:9dried [4] - 4284:20, 4284:21,

4286:1, 4422:12drier [1] - 4338:3drift [1] - 4312:4drive [10] - 4303:5, 4304:17,

4304:18, 4305:5, 4309:18,4399:15, 4401:14,4418:15, 4421:7, 4472:6

driveable [1] - 4398:20driver's [1] - 4477:3driving [10] - 4297:24,

4308:13, 4309:7, 4323:10,4477:5, 4477:6, 4477:8,4496:20, 4497:1

Driving [1] - 4312:22drop [1] - 4444:9dropped [1] - 4421:11drove [3] - 4414:13, 4491:6,

4510:6drum [1] - 4482:19drummers [3] - 4277:19,

4278:5, 4360:8DRUMMING [5] - 4275:3,

4276:17, 4277:15,4437:20, 4527:19

drumming [3] - 4279:16,4379:8, 4437:13

dry [19] - 4285:5, 4286:12,4290:7, 4290:8, 4291:7,4293:7, 4298:22, 4301:20,4301:21, 4303:25, 4395:3,4418:19, 4464:6, 4475:24,4476:6, 4476:15, 4476:18

drying [6] - 4286:15,4291:15, 4291:16,4292:25, 4394:12

ducks [2] - 4295:19, 4295:20due [5] - 4302:6, 4424:25,

4446:4, 4510:14, 4518:15dumb [1] - 4451:15



11

dumps [1] - 4335:14DUNCAN [10] - 4276:6,

4462:15, 4462:18,4465:12, 4470:23, 4471:8,4471:18, 4472:2, 4472:23,4473:8

Duncan [6] - 4274:16,4278:8, 4296:4, 4462:13,4462:19, 4465:13

Dunn [1] - 4273:9during [12] - 4282:3, 4286:7,

4380:10, 4380:11,4384:23, 4423:24, 4433:5,4434:8, 4467:12, 4503:15,4512:1, 4512:11

During [2] - 4409:6, 4420:11dust [2] - 4421:22, 4422:3Dutch [1] - 4329:11DVD [4] - 4418:1, 4418:7,

4422:22, 4510:9Dyble [2] - 4273:9, 4280:9dying [1] - 4311:25e-mails [1] - 4509:4eagles" [1] - 4441:8early [10] - 4287:12, 4290:25,

4291:9, 4291:12, 4295:16,4296:17, 4308:15,4322:22, 4508:21

earn [2] - 4371:11, 4441:10Earth [3] - 4382:15, 4382:25,

4388:1easier [2] - 4504:11, 4504:17easily [2] - 4312:9, 4504:7east [8] - 4317:6, 4319:16,

4347:19, 4396:6, 4399:2,4399:22, 4421:2, 4471:5

easy [1] - 4337:24eat [12] - 4285:1, 4311:6,

4311:13, 4311:21, 4312:7,4312:19, 4337:21,4384:14, 4419:12,4437:18, 4494:24

eaten [2] - 4311:16, 4311:19eating [2] - 4385:1, 4477:21eats [2] - 4311:14, 4311:17ecological [1] - 4510:20economic [27] - 4330:1,

4333:17, 4339:19,4339:25, 4359:3, 4359:5,4359:24, 4364:12,4365:10, 4366:24, 4367:4,4367:23, 4368:12,4368:19, 4368:23,4370:17, 4373:21, 4376:5,4377:19, 4377:23,4409:25, 4410:12,4410:14, 4411:4, 4412:4,4453:9, 4523:3

Economic [1] - 4374:11economy [11] - 4410:13,

4410:14, 4410:17,

4410:23, 4411:4, 4412:4,4412:7, 4455:18, 4518:1

ecosystem [2] - 4353:18,4362:9

Eddie [1] - 4327:9Edgar [1] - 4449:20edge [1] - 4304:1edible [1] - 4313:20edification [1] - 4354:16edit [1] - 4345:15editing [1] - 4345:15educate [1] - 4356:3educated [1] - 4345:22education [6] - 4284:2,

4376:1, 4381:24, 4409:11,4446:24, 4505:9

effect [11] - 4362:12, 4377:1,4377:2, 4448:18, 4489:11,4490:4, 4512:16, 4516:10,4516:11, 4516:15, 4517:24

effective [3] - 4437:23,4517:15, 4517:18

effects [16] - 4302:23,4324:8, 4364:7, 4371:23,4371:25, 4392:19, 4397:8,4397:19, 4414:2, 4514:7,4514:10, 4514:12,4516:12, 4516:21,4519:25, 4520:3

effort [2] - 4382:8, 4476:4efforts [2] - 4455:12, 4525:21egg [1] - 4311:5eggs [1] - 4486:25EIS [1] - 4512:13either [13] - 4281:13,

4300:10, 4305:4, 4321:1,4324:4, 4326:15, 4383:22,4397:18, 4398:4, 4418:12,4429:1, 4449:4, 4511:11

EK [1] - 4498:17EKR03 [1] - 4499:3EKRO-101 [1] - 4499:8EKRO-120 [1] - 4499:9EKRO-21 [1] - 4499:12EKRO-29 [1] - 4499:11EKRO-47 [1] - 4499:7EKRO34 [1] - 4498:17elbows [1] - 4299:10ELDER [29] - 4277:2,

4282:19, 4283:7, 4283:19,4300:12, 4303:17, 4305:2,4306:3, 4306:16, 4308:12,4308:18, 4308:22, 4309:3,4309:18, 4310:4, 4316:7,4317:10, 4320:11,4321:20, 4323:7, 4324:18,4325:9, 4326:3, 4378:19,4379:1, 4437:15, 4462:24,4526:25, 4527:3

Elder [11] - 4283:8, 4349:12,4349:13, 4349:22,

4378:13, 4462:22,4462:25, 4463:7, 4465:20,4467:21, 4504:2

Elders [17] - 4279:20,4291:21, 4292:10,4296:19, 4315:15,4315:18, 4320:12, 4327:2,4327:11, 4342:4, 4361:25,4379:1, 4466:17, 4475:3,4494:23, 4504:8, 4509:17

eldest [1] - 4394:16elect [1] - 4449:6elected [3] - 4440:17,

4465:14, 4469:2election [1] - 4440:13elections [2] - 4440:12,

4440:20electrical [2] - 4315:20,

4409:20electrician [1] - 4283:12electricity [2] - 4439:24,

4439:25Elementary [1] - 4409:10elements [2] - 4284:24,

4342:2elevates [1] - 4496:18Elkins [1] - 4437:17Ellen [1] - 4409:17elsewhere [1] - 4331:22embarrassed [1] - 4448:23embrace [2] - 4341:9,

4352:25emerged [1] - 4345:20emotional [2] - 4438:17,

4482:22emphasis [1] - 4523:24employ [1] - 4523:25employment [1] - 4523:23empowerment [1] - 4340:8empties [1] - 4301:10empty [2] - 4349:3, 4455:24emptying [1] - 4302:8encourage [2] - 4455:13,

4523:21end [15] - 4282:5, 4294:8,

4312:10, 4385:6, 4403:15,4403:17, 4405:14, 4435:4,4439:2, 4441:15, 4449:21,4463:6, 4481:20, 4526:8

endangered [2] - 4335:4,4496:10

endangering [2] - 4403:2,4507:16

energy [3] - 4392:8, 4408:25,4409:2

enforced [1] - 4512:17engaged [1] - 4515:3engagement [1] - 4512:14engages [1] - 4342:17engineer [1] - 4451:14engineering [4] - 4446:21,

4453:16, 4515:1, 4520:11England [2] - 4345:7,

4352:23English [3] - 4391:6,

4407:12, 4449:19enjoy [4] - 4299:6, 4352:25,

4353:3, 4380:25enjoyed [3] - 4282:24,

4292:15, 4298:3enjoyment [1] - 4510:17enormity [1] - 4446:15enshrined [1] - 4445:18ensure [9] - 4501:23, 4511:1,

4512:14, 4512:15,4517:13, 4519:3, 4521:9,4522:12, 4522:19

ensuring [1] - 4517:6entering [1] - 4513:11enterprise [2] - 4361:6,

4521:1Enterprise [7] - 4308:5,

4308:9, 4308:24, 4322:20,4323:8, 4324:13, 4433:17

enterpriser [2] - 4442:5,4452:22

enthusiasm [2] - 4351:16,4351:25

entire [2] - 4366:25, 4518:18entrepreneurial [1] -

4455:13entrepreneurs [1] - 4443:25environment [10] - 4297:20,

4297:22, 4298:18, 4300:3,4327:23, 4334:23,4413:24, 4414:4, 4451:7,4512:4

Environment [3] - 4466:11,4496:7, 4511:18

ENVIRONMENTAL [3] -4272:3, 4272:8, 4273:6

Environmental [2] - 4280:17,4280:19

environmental [8] - 4413:22,4447:11, 4450:3, 4482:25,4511:14, 4514:2, 4515:11,4520:12

environmentalist [1] -4450:24

epidemics [1] - 4494:6equal [1] - 4340:1equipment [4] - 4308:4,

4453:7, 4453:23, 4517:6equwen [1] - 4422:6era [1] - 4345:16erase [2] - 4315:7, 4443:1Eric [1] - 4328:19Ernie [1] - 4327:10escape [1] - 4428:5Esket [1] - 4425:3ESKETEMC [2] - 4276:20,

4527:23



12

Esketemc [8] - 4278:7,4278:12, 4278:14,4385:17, 4478:25,4506:24, 4508:1, 4526:4

especially [2] - 4289:10,4492:8

Esq [1] - 4273:13established [1] - 4522:3esteemed [1] - 4329:13estimate [4] - 4365:10,

4365:14, 4368:11estimated [1] - 4494:4estimates [1] - 4365:7et [2] - 4354:13, 4354:14ethno [1] - 4347:3ethno-botanical [1] - 4347:3Europe [2] - 4345:23,

4405:10European [2] - 4346:6,

4346:7Europeans [2] - 4336:14,

4443:17evacuated [1] - 4424:23evangelist [1] - 4332:19Evelyn [2] - 4318:9, 4319:2evening [2] - 4309:7, 4515:6evening's [1] - 4515:9event [1] - 4414:7events [4] - 4336:25,

4337:14, 4337:16, 4337:18eventually [7] - 4302:13,

4311:7, 4312:14, 4312:17,4415:5, 4454:4, 4507:22

Eventually [2] - 4292:14,4293:12

everyday [1] - 4410:15everywhere [6] - 4336:1,

4346:23, 4392:6, 4398:9,4444:23, 4455:6

evidence [2] - 4355:16,4389:8

evident [1] - 4385:20exact [2] - 4332:8, 4348:16exactly [11] - 4350:21,

4355:11, 4363:9, 4366:1,4366:23, 4369:2, 4376:4,4378:2, 4390:4, 4393:5,4432:23

examined [1] - 4281:9examining [2] - 4376:14,

4516:2example [7] - 4338:7,

4340:2, 4342:3, 4374:4,4391:11, 4497:24, 4518:6

examples [3] - 4337:12,4370:7, 4489:24

excellent [2] - 4277:17,4475:14

except [1] - 4450:15Except [2] - 4422:8, 4423:24exciting [1] - 4352:1

exercises [2] - 4449:13,4455:13

exercising [1] - 4339:17exist [12] - 4350:20, 4372:12,

4375:22, 4407:19,4451:20, 4451:22,4452:10, 4452:12,4452:13, 4453:19,4495:20, 4517:9

existence [4] - 4373:15,4373:16, 4377:2, 4448:16

Existing [1] - 4445:19existing [5] - 4403:21,

4434:1, 4494:19, 4513:8,4513:19

exists [4] - 4325:6, 4351:8,4510:13, 4518:4

exit [1] - 4367:21expand [1] - 4364:11expanded [1] - 4337:16expect [6] - 4331:5, 4343:17,

4390:5, 4435:2, 4457:21,4500:25

experience [14] - 4306:18,4338:13, 4341:24,4344:15, 4346:25, 4347:7,4348:12, 4367:20,4371:21, 4374:18, 4393:1,4455:21, 4525:11, 4525:14

experienced [3] - 4458:22,4459:12, 4496:13

experiences [5] - 4339:15,4345:25, 4365:11,4455:22, 4516:17

experiencing [1] - 4510:16expert [1] - 4329:18expertise [2] - 4330:15,

4330:16experts [1] - 4361:22explain [4] - 4349:6,

4349:10, 4498:6, 4498:15Explain [1] - 4469:6explained [1] - 4477:16explaining [3] - 4469:9,

4470:5, 4470:12explanation [1] - 4290:15exploited [2] - 4406:25,

4407:25exposed [1] - 4356:2express [3] - 4360:5, 4379:7,

4509:19expressed [1] - 4516:16expressing [1] - 4519:7extensively [1] - 4301:16extent [3] - 4372:10,

4374:18, 4514:11extinct [1] - 4322:4extra [2] - 4291:10, 4311:8eye [1] - 4311:8eyes [1] - 4286:21face [3] - 4298:5, 4355:7,

4427:11faced [2] - 4297:17, 4453:14facilitate [3] - 4283:3,

4342:8, 4523:8facilities [2] - 4518:2,

4518:13facility [1] - 4512:9fact [29] - 4302:6, 4303:18,

4322:21, 4329:17, 4331:8,4333:8, 4341:2, 4341:4,4343:22, 4345:9, 4347:16,4348:20, 4351:8, 4352:25,4361:15, 4364:13,4366:23, 4373:3, 4373:20,4374:9, 4375:9, 4376:16,4377:3, 4388:25, 4442:13,4447:4, 4449:9, 4517:15,4518:10

factor [1] - 4514:12fair [1] - 4412:21fairly [4] - 4315:1, 4364:23,

4399:15faith [1] - 4508:11fall [6] - 4309:7, 4397:23,

4416:3, 4434:9, 4467:9fam [1] - 4348:8familiar [2] - 4283:21, 4334:6familiarization [1] - 4348:9families [2] - 4285:2,

4394:11family [45] - 4284:4, 4288:9,

4290:6, 4290:14, 4290:23,4295:13, 4301:9, 4303:3,4313:25, 4314:11,4314:13, 4317:13,4317:14, 4317:19,4317:21, 4328:18,4328:20, 4348:20,4361:19, 4371:11,4379:24, 4380:17,4380:19, 4387:19, 4392:5,4392:8, 4393:1, 4393:14,4403:9, 4405:6, 4409:12,4409:17, 4417:21, 4430:7,4435:11, 4443:11,4443:24, 4443:25,4444:13, 4474:10,4476:12, 4476:19, 4484:5,4522:4

family's [1] - 4403:11fancy [2] - 4335:12, 4347:3fantastic [4] - 4340:2,

4342:3, 4344:7, 4363:8far [26] - 4287:6, 4296:2,

4333:4, 4343:10, 4344:2,4344:4, 4354:3, 4354:19,4358:23, 4364:8, 4365:24,4366:7, 4366:24, 4373:6,4389:23, 4397:18, 4412:4,4421:7, 4421:11, 4432:23,4434:16, 4444:5, 4467:6,4471:6, 4471:12, 4504:19

farmers [1] - 4393:14fast [5] - 4332:23, 4399:16,

4408:1, 4428:24, 4484:8fasting [1] - 4484:7fat [4] - 4288:18, 4288:20,

4288:21, 4289:9Father [1] - 4277:2father [11] - 4379:21,

4442:10, 4442:11,4442:24, 4443:14,4443:20, 4521:14,4521:17, 4521:19,4521:22, 4521:24

father's [4] - 4380:17,4392:4, 4441:11, 4444:10

fatter [1] - 4424:16fatuousness [1] - 4450:19fauna [1] - 4361:23favour [2] - 4445:3, 4445:6favourite [6] - 4316:14,

4395:21, 4476:6, 4476:8,4476:20, 4476:21

fear [2] - 4407:21, 4460:15fears [3] - 4323:19, 4386:5,

4459:16feature [1] - 4388:23features [5] - 4355:16,

4355:22, 4355:23,4497:25, 4514:23

fed [1] - 4285:8Federal [4] - 4356:9,

4373:20, 4409:22, 4516:2FEDERAL [2] - 4272:6,

4273:2feed [6] - 4406:16, 4406:23,

4430:7, 4441:13, 4443:17,4489:22

feeding [1] - 4489:20feeds [1] - 4436:12feelings [3] - 4334:2,

4482:22, 4482:23feet [3] - 4297:25, 4307:23,

4359:6Felix [1] - 4419:10fell [1] - 4299:10fellow [2] - 4326:11, 4454:2felt [4] - 4335:7, 4371:3,

4414:20, 4509:19fence [2] - 4299:18, 4467:1fencing [3] - 4393:13,

4393:15, 4394:21fertilized [1] - 4311:5festival [1] - 4336:25festivals [2] - 4337:14,

4337:16fevers [1] - 4285:11few [38] - 4293:4, 4309:11,

4309:20, 4317:3, 4324:9,4325:10, 4329:19,4351:17, 4351:22, 4362:3,4372:5, 4385:8, 4392:13,



13

4398:23, 4410:4, 4412:6,4421:5, 4421:9, 4421:18,4422:12, 4423:8, 4429:21,4432:18, 4433:19, 4434:2,4444:5, 4467:11, 4471:2,4471:10, 4476:23,4479:10, 4483:9, 4495:3,4496:14, 4497:2, 4498:21,4509:14, 4509:23

fewer [1] - 4385:3field [2] - 4311:3, 4349:3fields [1] - 4486:18fight [3] - 4312:1, 4314:25,

4406:4fighting [4] - 4393:24,

4405:16, 4475:17, 4475:22figuratively [1] - 4351:10figure [5] - 4313:25, 4314:12,

4357:22, 4357:23, 4378:3fill [2] - 4366:8, 4411:14filled [1] - 4370:3filleting [1] - 4422:24film [3] - 4343:3, 4370:8,

4429:12filming [3] - 4370:8, 4416:2,

4418:25films [1] - 4345:11final [11] - 4375:1, 4387:1,

4436:18, 4490:22,4499:10, 4506:11,4508:13, 4511:9, 4514:19,4526:18, 4526:20

finalization [1] - 4512:12finalized [1] - 4511:7finalled [1] - 4365:25finally [2] - 4325:14, 4325:22financial [1] - 4382:18financially [1] - 4410:20find.. [1] - 4498:20findings [1] - 4410:7fine [1] - 4360:22finger [2] - 4291:17, 4376:2fingertips [2] - 4355:13,

4367:4finish [2] - 4360:17finished [3] - 4308:14,

4360:23, 4422:16fir [4] - 4289:2, 4289:4,

4289:5, 4485:16fire [15] - 4326:16, 4424:22,

4424:25, 4425:1, 4425:2,4425:3, 4425:7, 4425:13,4426:1, 4490:21, 4496:12,4496:16, 4496:19, 4499:10

fire-cracked [2] - 4490:21,4499:10

fires [5] - 4291:15, 4291:18,4292:5, 4293:1, 4496:14

firm [2] - 4303:8, 4449:15first [49] - 4279:14, 4280:5,

4293:16, 4295:12,

4295:14, 4295:15,4302:15, 4307:6, 4309:6,4330:1, 4333:3, 4340:4,4346:9, 4348:1, 4351:19,4361:3, 4371:1, 4371:2,4372:6, 4379:2, 4388:7,4388:12, 4397:25, 4409:7,4410:6, 4412:11, 4413:1,4420:4, 4425:1, 4439:12,4439:19, 4441:7, 4451:10,4468:4, 4473:20, 4473:22,4475:25, 4477:5, 4478:1,4480:11, 4487:25,4488:19, 4493:18,4493:20, 4494:16, 4505:1,4527:17

First [54] - 4279:21, 4312:11,4318:12, 4328:19, 4329:3,4329:15, 4331:14, 4338:7,4349:21, 4349:23,4351:16, 4356:13,4356:20, 4356:21, 4357:8,4357:11, 4357:18, 4358:2,4365:11, 4370:24,4390:24, 4391:5, 4391:6,4401:6, 4438:6, 4440:12,4466:4, 4466:9, 4466:13,4466:16, 4467:23, 4468:6,4469:7, 4469:10, 4472:14,4482:20, 4485:9, 4485:11,4485:18, 4486:11,4491:12, 4511:17, 4512:3,4512:11, 4512:14,4512:17, 4512:19,4514:24, 4519:22,4523:13, 4523:15,4523:19, 4523:25, 4525:9

first-hand [3] - 4348:1,4371:2

Fish [5] - 4320:2, 4431:22,4483:15, 4497:21, 4516:13

fish [89] - 4290:5, 4290:7,4293:15, 4293:17, 4295:4,4295:7, 4295:9, 4298:11,4300:10, 4301:20,4301:21, 4302:13,4302:17, 4302:23, 4303:3,4303:6, 4303:7, 4311:6,4311:13, 4311:14,4311:16, 4311:18,4313:22, 4313:23,4314:19, 4315:24,4380:13, 4383:15,4394:12, 4411:9, 4411:11,4411:12, 4418:9, 4418:10,4418:16, 4418:18,4419:15, 4419:18, 4420:6,4420:10, 4421:2, 4422:6,4429:13, 4430:3, 4430:6,4431:1, 4431:5, 4431:19,4431:22, 4431:23, 4433:2,4436:7, 4436:9, 4436:10,

4444:7, 4444:17, 4458:2,4458:10, 4460:6, 4460:25,4461:5, 4462:3, 4464:6,4467:15, 4475:24, 4476:2,4476:5, 4476:6, 4476:11,4476:13, 4476:16, 4483:3,4486:4, 4486:25, 4492:7,4492:10, 4492:12,4515:24, 4516:4, 4516:5,4516:10, 4516:12,4516:15, 4525:17

fish-bearing [1] - 4492:7fished [3] - 4420:1, 4458:23,

4465:23fisher [3] - 4481:10, 4481:18,

4481:22fisherman [2] - 4314:21,

4468:1Fishermen [1] - 4466:5fishermen [6] - 4430:6,

4461:2, 4461:3, 4516:6fishers [1] - 4364:17fishery [2] - 4467:14,

4516:15fishes [1] - 4435:25Fishing [1] - 4463:15fishing [47] - 4288:4, 4290:1,

4290:2, 4290:4, 4298:15,4300:19, 4301:4, 4301:6,4301:9, 4306:6, 4321:11,4342:11, 4350:17,4363:24, 4364:4, 4364:15,4383:14, 4383:25,4385:16, 4388:12,4389:17, 4394:11,4405:18, 4417:19, 4418:9,4419:19, 4420:22,4421:18, 4421:19, 4430:1,4430:7, 4433:7, 4433:8,4443:13, 4443:16,4458:23, 4458:24, 4459:3,4461:8, 4463:15, 4464:3,4465:18, 4468:1, 4475:24,4522:3

fit [2] - 4375:20, 4447:9five [7] - 4306:6, 4420:7,

4449:16, 4464:7, 4468:2,4475:25, 4476:25

five-million-dollar [1] -4449:16

fixed [2] - 4284:21, 4481:12fixing [1] - 4290:5flag [1] - 4495:17flashlight [1] - 4421:21flat [2] - 4294:6, 4493:24flexibility [1] - 4514:19flimsy [1] - 4410:6flip [2] - 4337:8, 4337:9floating [1] - 4374:6floor [1] - 4509:12flora [1] - 4361:23

floundering [1] - 4448:22flow [2] - 4509:2, 4523:13flower [1] - 4338:10flowered [1] - 4326:19flowers [2] - 4291:6, 4307:21flowing [1] - 4454:12flu [2] - 4317:25, 4494:7fluently [1] - 4292:17fly [1] - 4491:4flying [1] - 4488:14Flying [1] - 4488:16focus [7] - 4335:7, 4339:21,

4363:14, 4373:14, 4374:4,4488:19, 4506:22

focused [1] - 4277:18follow [6] - 4385:12,

4403:21, 4418:3, 4427:19,4461:12, 4509:13

following [1] - 4515:18food [16] - 4283:22, 4285:5,

4320:25, 4321:10,4321:13, 4322:15, 4325:8,4378:14, 4378:21, 4380:3,4385:23, 4453:8, 4474:23,4474:24, 4476:6, 4526:23

foods [3] - 4284:12, 4284:14,4314:13

fool [1] - 4452:8foot [1] - 4301:17footprints [3] - 4382:5,

4382:6, 4450:6FOR [2] - 4276:20, 4527:22forced [1] - 4319:17foremost [1] - 4340:4forest [4] - 4299:14, 4304:1,

4340:16, 4401:24forestry [2] - 4401:18,

4401:25Forests [3] - 4511:17,

4512:4, 4513:21forever [2] - 4345:21, 4451:7forget [1] - 4278:2forging [1] - 4350:3forgot [1] - 4502:9form [2] - 4311:12, 4507:3formation [1] - 4523:21former [1] - 4510:10Former [3] - 4278:6,

4279:19, 4334:5formerly [2] - 4334:7,

4372:19forth [10] - 4287:8, 4321:9,

4323:11, 4324:1, 4324:2,4338:25, 4434:5, 4434:6,4454:21, 4528:8

fortunate [11] - 4283:22,4284:9, 4285:18, 4285:24,4300:23, 4301:17,4309:13, 4333:20, 4380:8,4384:6, 4409:17

fortunately [1] - 4447:10



14

Fortunately [1] - 4440:20forum [1] - 4309:25Forum [1] - 4330:5forward [22] - 4279:5,

4281:12, 4282:15,4282:25, 4328:13,4343:19, 4344:9, 4350:3,4351:6, 4359:14, 4360:1,4360:5, 4366:14, 4366:18,4376:22, 4377:8, 4379:12,4391:19, 4485:22,4506:17, 4525:22, 4526:7

foster [2] - 4293:2, 4294:22founded [2] - 4359:2,

4448:21four [12] - 4297:25, 4309:12,

4319:6, 4342:14, 4342:22,4416:15, 4427:7, 4434:22,4441:13, 4441:14,4443:11, 4469:22

four-year-old [1] - 4342:14fraction [1] - 4405:2fragile [1] - 4353:17France [3] - 4331:25, 4346:8,

4346:9Frank [1] - 4379:19Fraser [37] - 4291:3,

4292:20, 4300:24,4301:11, 4302:22,4312:18, 4312:22,4312:23, 4343:3, 4349:4,4374:6, 4388:14, 4394:5,4411:16, 4415:6, 4415:7,4416:17, 4427:2, 4436:21,4463:5, 4472:19, 4476:9,4488:19, 4488:20,4490:16, 4491:6, 4493:6,4493:9, 4507:21, 4508:6,4510:11, 4514:3, 4515:23,4516:1, 4516:10, 4516:11,4516:15

freaked [1] - 4427:14Fred [1] - 4278:7Freddie [1] - 4297:13free [4] - 4442:5, 4452:22,

4466:18, 4517:7freedom [1] - 4352:25freeway [1] - 4401:15freeze [1] - 4422:7French [1] - 4356:12friend [6] - 4318:8, 4360:19,

4440:16, 4448:3, 4450:5,4522:25

friends [5] - 4299:25,4322:17, 4409:18,4442:25, 4522:4

front [8] - 4281:14, 4362:21,4364:16, 4450:15, 4469:3,4475:10, 4486:21, 4488:11

frozen [1] - 4500:25fruit [1] - 4383:2

frustrating [2] - 4469:2,4469:9

fry [1] - 4288:20frying [1] - 4295:10full [8] - 4294:10, 4315:17,

4315:23, 4346:15,4442:11, 4477:10,4523:23, 4525:3

full-blooded [1] - 4442:11fully [2] - 4410:22, 4518:25function [1] - 4516:4fund [2] - 4452:10, 4452:11funding [1] - 4505:17funds [2] - 4453:17, 4523:13funny [1] - 4341:12future [14] - 4279:7, 4352:1,

4402:24, 4473:21, 4474:1,4475:8, 4475:11, 4476:3,4478:7, 4514:13, 4517:20,4519:4, 4523:10, 4524:5

Future [2] - 4310:18,4523:20

Future" [1] - 4312:20gain [2] - 4315:22, 4382:18gained [1] - 4284:3gallon [1] - 4288:16game [4] - 4290:12, 4310:8,

4324:2, 4434:13gander [2] - 4334:21,

4338:19Gang [5] - 4297:6, 4313:24,

4399:7, 4420:21, 4425:12garbage [1] - 4335:14garden [3] - 4347:4, 4384:9,

4422:9gardens [3] - 4292:12,

4464:1, 4483:4gas [1] - 4341:3Gaspard [1] - 4424:24gather [6] - 4300:10,

4368:25, 4380:13,4380:21, 4381:2, 4416:5

gathered [7] - 4284:13,4284:14, 4287:15, 4288:9,4291:3, 4385:23, 4441:12

gathering [12] - 4288:3,4320:5, 4320:9, 4320:24,4321:10, 4321:18, 4322:6,4360:8, 4386:16, 4386:22,4464:17

Gatherings [1] - 4321:14gatherings [2] - 4283:22,

4286:3gem [2] - 4335:10, 4335:11general [8] - 4310:2,

4321:18, 4323:5, 4365:10,4367:11, 4372:9, 4399:6,4499:20

generally [2] - 4403:9,4430:7

generate [2] - 4412:5, 4523:4

generation [1] - 4365:15generations [4] - 4279:7,

4382:23, 4402:24, 4443:11generator [1] - 4414:24genocide [1] - 4404:18Gentlemen [4] - 4279:23,

4379:6, 4437:11, 4503:7genuine [1] - 4347:25geographical [1] - 4351:5geography [1] - 4361:23geology [2] - 4361:23,

4500:25George [3] - 4334:5,

4353:22, 4359:12George-Wilson [2] -

4353:22, 4359:12Gerald [7] - 4274:16, 4278:8,

4462:13, 4462:19,4465:13, 4476:1, 4484:10

GERALD [2] - 4276:6,4462:15

Germany [4] - 4336:16,4346:8, 4346:9, 4348:14

Gerty [1] - 4278:16Gibraltar [1] - 4508:9gift [3] - 4282:19, 4408:21,

4412:12gifts [3] - 4382:25, 4412:19,

4441:14giggling [1] - 4342:13Gill [1] - 4274:24girl [4] - 4317:12, 4475:9,

4476:5, 4476:17given [8] - 4277:4, 4373:22,

4389:16, 4440:10, 4441:9,4505:2, 4511:3, 4521:23

GIZIKOFF [1] - 4280:15Gizikoff [5] - 4273:15,

4280:16, 4515:10,4515:13, 4524:20

glad [3] - 4412:22, 4424:5,4527:13

glass [1] - 4363:1gloves [1] - 4427:13goal [1] - 4339:25God [3] - 4277:12, 4294:4,

4477:11Goebbels [2] - 4454:1gold [3] - 4349:23, 4410:25,

4479:12GOLD [1] - 4272:2Gold [7] - 4350:24, 4350:25,

4351:1, 4351:7, 4358:20,4373:24, 4374:11

GOLD-COPPER [1] - 4272:2gold-diggers' [1] - 4349:23golf [1] - 4407:5Goliath [1] - 4447:15gooder [1] - 4416:11Goods [1] - 4453:23Google [1] - 4446:17

Gosnell [1] - 4521:24government [10] - 4315:11,

4405:15, 4407:23,4445:17, 4449:5, 4515:11,4520:13, 4522:19,4524:18, 4525:2

Government [4] - 4280:16,4373:21, 4374:2, 4520:20

GPS'd [1] - 4489:18grab [2] - 4333:7, 4498:13Grade [2] - 4284:1, 4477:1graduating [1] - 4453:16Grand [1] - 4359:11grand [1] - 4305:3grand-kids [1] - 4305:3grandchildren [17] -

4302:19, 4302:20, 4305:1,4380:22, 4382:11,4406:16, 4406:19,4406:20, 4406:21, 4408:3,4408:4, 4408:5, 4468:10

granddaughter [2] -4299:19, 4419:11

grandfather [22] - 4283:25,4285:4, 4285:7, 4288:7,4290:5, 4301:5, 4317:23,4321:4, 4328:19, 4328:22,4404:10, 4443:12,4443:21, 4479:21,4479:24, 4481:25, 4484:4,4522:1, 4522:2

grandfather's [2] - 4478:24,4479:3

grandma [3] - 4305:23,4306:7, 4316:10

grandmother [20] - 4285:4,4286:6, 4288:12, 4290:4,4300:16, 4301:8, 4317:11,4317:17, 4317:20,4320:12, 4321:4, 4349:13,4380:16, 4381:2, 4384:1,4386:4, 4386:19, 4474:11,4478:23, 4481:24

grandmother's [3] - 4402:20,4479:1, 4479:2

grandparents [9] - 4283:23,4284:9, 4304:11, 4379:17,4379:19, 4380:6, 4383:16,4417:15

grandson [1] - 4316:9grandsons [3] - 4303:2,

4305:21, 4404:11grasp [1] - 4474:14grass [3] - 4282:20, 4291:6,

4329:22grasshopper [2] - 4294:8,

4294:18grasslands [4] - 4362:3,

4510:7, 4511:10, 4511:25Graveyard [2] - 4313:7,

4322:9



15

grazing [3] - 4502:2,4511:23, 4512:1

Great [2] - 4346:8great [36] - 4301:5, 4302:20,

4328:22, 4338:8, 4340:13,4362:7, 4364:2, 4364:25,4367:14, 4381:3, 4396:24,4404:9, 4404:10, 4406:19,4406:20, 4406:21, 4408:4,4408:5, 4412:23, 4417:15,4432:11, 4440:2, 4443:12,4443:20, 4479:2, 4522:1,4522:2

great-grandchildren [3] -4302:20, 4406:19, 4406:20

great-grandfather [5] -4301:5, 4328:22, 4443:12,4522:1, 4522:2

great-grandmother's [1] -4479:2

great-great-grandchildren[4] - 4406:20, 4406:21,4408:4, 4408:5

great-great-grandfather [2] -4404:10, 4443:12

great-great-grandparents[1] - 4417:15

greater [4] - 4340:11,4409:25, 4501:23, 4510:4

greatly [1] - 4364:21greedy [2] - 4314:22,

4314:24Green [1] - 4292:21green [1] - 4313:17Greenland [1] - 4312:5grew [6] - 4442:10, 4459:2,

4466:2, 4466:4, 4466:5,4473:3

grieves [1] - 4381:15Grinder [1] - 4297:13groceries [1] - 4483:5gross [1] - 4367:11ground [7] - 4310:14,

4450:7, 4454:19, 4465:4,4500:24, 4517:5

grounds [1] - 4316:14groundwater [1] - 4451:6group [6] - 4357:10, 4381:9,

4407:12, 4412:24,4423:14, 4454:23

groups [3] - 4357:10,4357:13, 4423:16

grouse [5] - 4290:17,4295:15, 4295:18, 4384:4

grow [2] - 4303:25, 4307:22growing [9] - 4287:25,

4292:13, 4306:22, 4307:2,4326:18, 4352:13, 4393:9,4458:5, 4472:16

grown [3] - 4317:17, 4409:9,4457:13

grown-up [2] - 4317:17,4457:13

grows [1] - 4305:16growth [5] - 4330:21,

4332:24, 4373:1, 4414:8,4510:1

grub [1] - 4366:8guarantee [3] - 4452:11,

4452:14, 4522:21guarantees [1] - 4507:20Guatemala [2] - 4347:19,

4347:24guess [49] - 4279:11,

4284:13, 4286:4, 4286:19,4289:16, 4290:25,4291:20, 4292:7, 4293:21,4297:20, 4298:14,4298:17, 4300:12, 4302:9,4303:3, 4311:23, 4316:7,4317:16, 4317:18,4323:19, 4327:7, 4328:4,4368:21, 4372:6, 4374:13,4374:18, 4375:1, 4375:14,4378:5, 4378:10, 4383:23,4384:11, 4386:13,4390:11, 4391:9, 4400:7,4400:25, 4412:13,4428:15, 4439:4, 4459:6,4460:7, 4463:12, 4464:4,4464:19, 4501:16, 4502:2,4505:6, 4527:3

guest [2] - 4518:7, 4518:10Guest [1] - 4518:9guests [1] - 4379:2Guichon [4] - 4274:13,

4438:2, 4438:5, 4438:23GUICHON [3] - 4276:2,

4438:3, 4438:4guide [2] - 4364:2, 4515:4guidelines [2] - 4513:5,

4513:9guider [1] - 4433:19Gulf [1] - 4312:4gunshots [1] - 4459:17Gustavson [1] - 4380:15guts [1] - 4422:8guy [3] - 4314:17, 4442:21,

4442:22guys [8] - 4342:21, 4405:23,

4406:6, 4468:25, 4469:13,4470:12, 4473:18, 4473:25

Gwet'in [1] - 4278:20gym [1] - 4488:12Gymnasium [1] - 4272:23gymnasium [1] - 4342:23GYMNASIUM [2] - 4276:20,

4527:24H20 [1] - 4450:22habitat [7] - 4309:11, 4335:1,

4457:25, 4496:8, 4512:7,4516:7, 4516:13

hails [1] - 4328:21Haines [1] - 4404:11half [5] - 4343:14, 4368:24,

4391:15, 4420:14, 4425:17Hall [1] - 4331:24hammer [3] - 4475:17,

4475:22, 4506:11Hance [2] - 4404:10, 4439:23Hancock [8] - 4274:9,

4408:18, 4412:10, 4413:6,4414:12, 4415:10,4506:25, 4520:25

HANCOCK [7] - 4275:21,4408:19, 4408:20,4412:17, 4413:15,4414:15, 4414:22

hand [12] - 4330:3, 4348:1,4356:2, 4371:1, 4371:2,4374:15, 4374:17,4447:16, 4447:23, 4478:2

hand-in-hand [1] - 4478:2handed [3] - 4329:13,

4331:13, 4366:20handicrafts [1] - 4337:2handout [1] - 4337:6handpick [1] - 4326:21hands [3] - 4328:24, 4372:2,

4475:12handyman [1] - 4284:2hang [1] - 4434:21hanging [4] - 4286:12,

4293:1, 4476:15, 4508:19happier [2] - 4410:21,

4410:25happiness [4] - 4410:5,

4410:18, 4411:1, 4412:2happy [1] - 4418:25hard [10] - 4285:14, 4286:19,

4289:3, 4307:21, 4307:22,4348:19, 4434:14, 4482:4,4482:21, 4486:7

harder [3] - 4481:18,4481:19, 4481:22

hardly [2] - 4292:1, 4315:16harmony [1] - 4478:8HAROLD [2] - 4276:9,

4478:18Harold [9] - 4274:18, 4278:9,

4278:10, 4478:16,4478:19, 4489:25,4524:10, 4524:22

Harry [52] - 4274:6, 4274:7,4274:7, 4274:18, 4274:19,4278:9, 4278:11, 4278:16,4282:10, 4282:11,4300:25, 4328:20,4328:22, 4378:13,4379:11, 4379:14,4379:17, 4379:22, 4383:8,4388:4, 4388:10, 4390:3,4390:10, 4391:19,

4391:22, 4391:23,4391:25, 4392:3, 4392:4,4401:5, 4402:4, 4403:15,4417:5, 4434:11, 4478:17,4478:19, 4478:21,4478:23, 4478:24, 4487:8,4487:10, 4487:15,4487:20, 4487:24, 4497:4,4497:8, 4499:19, 4502:5,4524:10, 4524:21, 4524:22

HARRY [106] - 4275:15,4275:18, 4275:18, 4276:9,4276:11, 4378:19,4379:13, 4379:14,4383:16, 4384:17,4384:21, 4385:6, 4385:15,4385:20, 4386:2, 4386:25,4387:6, 4387:17, 4387:23,4388:16, 4388:19,4389:19, 4390:15,4390:23, 4391:4, 4391:14,4391:24, 4391:25,4392:15, 4393:6, 4395:2,4395:8, 4395:13, 4395:19,4395:23, 4396:2, 4396:5,4396:8, 4396:14, 4396:19,4396:23, 4397:2, 4397:10,4397:14, 4397:21, 4398:7,4398:9, 4398:19, 4398:25,4399:4, 4399:7, 4399:12,4399:18, 4400:1, 4400:7,4401:8, 4401:22, 4402:6,4402:11, 4402:14,4402:19, 4403:7, 4403:24,4417:5, 4420:3, 4420:18,4421:5, 4421:12, 4421:15,4422:14, 4423:9, 4423:11,4423:16, 4423:20,4423:23, 4424:1, 4424:11,4424:18, 4425:5, 4425:14,4425:19, 4426:5, 4426:21,4429:3, 4429:6, 4429:16,4478:18, 4478:19,4487:16, 4487:22,4487:23, 4497:12, 4498:4,4498:10, 4498:13, 4499:2,4499:15, 4499:17,4500:13, 4500:19,4500:22, 4501:12,4501:25, 4502:8, 4502:23

Harry's [1] - 4389:15harvest [2] - 4455:12,

4485:20harvested [1] - 4337:22harvesting [4] - 4319:20,

4320:25, 4335:21, 4338:9hat [1] - 4332:16hate [1] - 4448:20haul [1] - 4302:1HAWK [23] - 4275:23,

4415:16, 4415:17,4416:23, 4417:1, 4419:14,



16

4420:5, 4420:21, 4421:10,4421:14, 4421:17,4422:21, 4423:10,4423:12, 4423:18,4423:21, 4423:24, 4424:6,4424:13, 4424:21,4425:11, 4425:17, 4425:21

Hawk [6] - 4274:10, 4415:15,4415:19, 4418:21,4426:13, 4429:1

Hawk's [1] - 4417:18hawkweed [1] - 4495:9hay [3] - 4393:14, 4394:3,

4394:20haying [1] - 4393:15hazard [2] - 4376:16,

4496:13Head [2] - 4338:22, 4350:17head [3] - 4293:20, 4294:19,

4459:25heads [1] - 4422:6health [2] - 4326:17, 4360:2healthy [6] - 4289:20,

4345:22, 4430:3, 4431:3,4431:5, 4527:8

hear [15] - 4289:11, 4312:18,4339:7, 4339:8, 4347:11,4362:2, 4393:2, 4408:8,4412:14, 4421:20,4435:25, 4459:14,4477:25, 4480:20, 4522:10

heard [38] - 4284:19, 4317:5,4336:15, 4349:12, 4352:3,4352:6, 4352:10, 4353:17,4353:18, 4355:17, 4361:9,4371:24, 4384:13,4388:22, 4398:23,4403:17, 4406:14,4411:22, 4456:23,4458:11, 4458:20,4458:25, 4463:15,4465:15, 4467:14,4467:21, 4468:22,4472:23, 4475:13,4484:24, 4505:1, 4509:11,4509:22, 4509:24,4510:21, 4513:13, 4519:6,4519:8

HEARING [2] - 4272:6,4272:13

hearing [6] - 4280:11,4306:10, 4459:17, 4479:5,4508:1, 4526:7

hearings [11] - 4279:22,4279:25, 4281:10, 4282:3,4444:25, 4479:5, 4508:14,4525:10, 4526:3, 4526:9,4526:14

HEARINGS [2] - 4276:19,4527:21

heart [5] - 4313:4, 4343:1,4357:24, 4357:25, 4509:19

heart-felt [1] - 4509:19heartbreaking [1] - 4507:7heartfelt [1] - 4438:17hearts [1] - 4504:24Heavenly [1] - 4277:2heck [1] - 4477:13Hector [2] - 4417:9Held [1] - 4272:21held [4] - 4293:20, 4330:6,

4363:5, 4441:12hell [1] - 4477:11Hell [1] - 4449:16Hello [3] - 4415:17, 4429:20,

4487:23helmet [1] - 4427:11help [20] - 4278:25, 4283:3,

4292:12, 4315:16,4315:18, 4315:20,4318:15, 4318:17,4319:13, 4331:7, 4358:5,4358:6, 4398:15, 4398:21,4410:15, 4417:22, 4441:6,4475:6, 4488:15, 4511:9

Help [1] - 4429:4helped [4] - 4330:5, 4361:16,

4361:18, 4443:13helpful [2] - 4281:16,

4290:21helping [2] - 4315:15, 4357:6Hemas [3] - 4439:13,

4440:10, 4441:6Henry [1] - 4519:6herbicide [2] - 4326:2,

4326:12herbicides [8] - 4325:5,

4325:17, 4327:1, 4327:4,4414:8, 4430:2, 4431:4,4432:24

herd [2] - 4423:7, 4423:13hereby [2] - 4445:20, 4528:5Hereditary [2] - 4278:1,

4440:11herein [1] - 4528:8hereunto [1] - 4528:13heritage [4] - 4336:24,

4363:13, 4370:19, 4511:20Heritage [3] - 4356:9,

4500:15, 4514:15herring [3] - 4311:17,

4311:19herself [3] - 4390:3, 4417:4,

4431:14Hi [5] - 4391:25, 4392:15,

4417:5, 4473:16, 4487:23hidden [1] - 4510:22hide [5] - 4293:5, 4293:7,

4452:1, 4476:18, 4481:14hides [3] - 4293:9, 4296:20,

4296:24High [1] - 4491:12high [15] - 4307:23, 4409:11,

4410:24, 4419:21,4419:22, 4420:24,4421:25, 4444:21,4446:23, 4476:24,4479:20, 4492:20, 4493:3,4499:22

higher [1] - 4491:19Highland [1] - 4518:8highly [1] - 4289:10Highway [1] - 4518:11highway [6] - 4400:13,

4400:20, 4430:19,4435:13, 4520:5, 4520:10

highways [1] - 4327:15hiking [1] - 4347:2hill [6] - 4386:19, 4386:20,

4425:6, 4427:21, 4493:3,4493:13

Hillman [1] - 4328:19hills [1] - 4399:23hillside [2] - 4307:10,

4363:11him" [1] - 4294:20himself [1] - 4462:23hire [1] - 4523:24historian [3] - 4283:13,

4292:16, 4410:12historical [6] - 4319:22,

4320:8, 4350:6, 4351:5,4363:11, 4473:19

histories [1] - 4417:14history [19] - 4283:14,

4283:15, 4318:10, 4320:5,4321:17, 4327:22,4349:16, 4349:17, 4351:5,4351:9, 4393:1, 4454:1,4478:3, 4479:6, 4480:15,4482:18, 4486:20,4489:15, 4490:5

Hitler [1] - 4454:2hives [2] - 4413:13, 4415:8hobble [1] - 4424:8hogweed [1] - 4495:18hold [1] - 4279:24holders [1] - 4511:24holding [3] - 4279:22,

4295:6, 4467:3hole [1] - 4296:14holes [1] - 4496:9holidays [1] - 4396:15holler [1] - 4424:9Hollywood [3] - 4345:10,

4347:8, 4370:7holy [1] - 4301:15home [28] - 4277:10,

4285:12, 4286:11, 4288:1,4288:17, 4298:9, 4299:5,4303:7, 4312:21, 4330:22,4338:15, 4338:16,4341:10, 4371:7, 4371:9,4384:12, 4393:13, 4395:1,

4407:12, 4419:4, 4419:5,4424:10, 4457:13,4476:10, 4485:3, 4498:18,4527:6

homes [5] - 4285:3, 4464:9,4483:18, 4489:18, 4489:20

honey [5] - 4408:21,4408:25, 4412:12,4412:23, 4415:11

Honorary [2] - 4521:19,4521:22

honour [5] - 4329:2,4361:19, 4521:18,4521:20, 4521:23

Honour's [1] - 4449:19honouring [2] - 4342:19,

4343:2honours [2] - 4351:12,

4351:13hook [1] - 4298:15Hooloo [1] - 4482:1hoops [1] - 4454:21Hope [1] - 4373:23hope [4] - 4351:11, 4418:3,

4449:5, 4508:24hopefully [2] - 4331:13,

4515:20hoping [2] - 4409:2, 4426:8hopped [1] - 4352:21horror [1] - 4476:21horse [8] - 4299:10, 4301:17,

4380:17, 4386:19,4393:25, 4466:7, 4484:10,4484:18

horseback [3] - 4295:23,4362:23, 4369:10

horseman [1] - 4466:6horses [7] - 4466:10,

4466:12, 4466:18,4466:20, 4466:23, 4467:3,4486:19

hospitality [2] - 4509:20,4526:2

hour [2] - 4391:15hour-and-a-half [1] -

4391:15hours [6] - 4303:6, 4304:18,

4345:15, 4390:22,4391:11, 4416:16

house [10] - 4291:5, 4296:2,4296:10, 4299:21, 4340:6,4347:24, 4349:8, 4441:14,4499:10, 4499:12

House [3] - 4292:21, 4292:22houses [6] - 4306:20,

4358:22, 4439:25, 4440:1,4463:24, 4497:24

huckleberries [3] - 4297:21,4304:14, 4304:17

huge [9] - 4363:14, 4392:4,4442:5, 4447:14, 4455:19,



17

4473:2, 4477:9, 4496:16,4504:19

human [2] - 4311:4, 4480:12humble [1] - 4298:6humbles [1] - 4298:9humour [1] - 4457:2humpbacks [1] - 4420:14hundred [7] - 4343:11,

4343:12, 4343:13, 4405:4,4419:17, 4469:22

hundreds [1] - 4296:9hungry [2] - 4294:16, 4368:8Hungry [1] - 4322:8hunt [47] - 4300:10, 4316:11,

4380:13, 4393:3, 4393:5,4394:25, 4395:1, 4395:2,4395:6, 4395:11, 4395:22,4397:20, 4397:23, 4398:6,4398:24, 4399:6, 4399:17,4399:24, 4402:4, 4402:8,4402:9, 4402:12, 4429:25,4430:9, 4430:12, 4430:16,4433:9, 4433:25, 4436:8,4436:10, 4436:20,4459:13, 4464:20,4464:24, 4465:21, 4466:1,4467:11, 4468:11,4468:21, 4472:21,4472:25, 4473:2, 4473:3,4495:25, 4510:5, 4519:15

hunted [2] - 4466:1, 4479:24hunter [4] - 4466:3, 4466:6,

4473:4, 4481:24hunters [13] - 4364:18,

4381:9, 4397:22, 4397:25,4398:10, 4430:5, 4431:7,4459:10, 4466:2, 4466:5,4468:19, 4519:10, 4519:19

hunting [37] - 4288:3,4305:20, 4305:21, 4306:5,4310:6, 4316:14, 4321:11,4363:22, 4363:24, 4364:2,4364:3, 4364:14, 4393:7,4393:8, 4393:17, 4397:25,4402:17, 4405:18,4423:24, 4430:8, 4430:13,4434:9, 4434:11, 4458:22,4463:3, 4463:6, 4463:12,4465:5, 4465:18, 4467:6,4467:7, 4472:16, 4473:4,4492:13, 4519:7, 4519:18

Hunting [1] - 4459:3hunts [1] - 4402:15hurricanes [1] - 4486:8hurt [2] - 4294:24, 4300:1hurt?" [1] - 4294:25husband [2] - 4394:10,

4476:14hushum [3] - 4422:11,

4422:24, 4428:11hut [1] - 4347:24

Hydro [5] - 4400:22, 4520:6,4520:18, 4520:22, 4520:23

hydro [5] - 4327:13, 4397:3,4400:14, 4411:17, 4520:5

hydrology [1] - 4490:17ice [3] - 4314:5, 4433:7,

4433:8idea [8] - 4337:11, 4344:6,

4344:7, 4407:15, 4449:16,4498:3, 4521:1

ideal [1] - 4366:14ideas [2] - 4344:5, 4396:25identified [8] - 4305:15,

4350:6, 4362:22, 4363:23,4480:16, 4501:5, 4501:9,4513:25

identify [5] - 4363:6,4372:12, 4439:12,4469:11, 4493:17

identity [1] - 4284:8ignore [2] - 4303:17, 4306:8ill [1] - 4384:2illnesses [1] - 4318:13image [2] - 4346:11, 4346:12images [2] - 4331:17,

4347:10imagine [2] - 4349:1, 4363:8immediately [3] - 4280:24,

4450:23, 4517:5immoral [2] - 4451:10,

4451:11immune [3] - 4311:25,

4312:8, 4312:16impact [16] - 4324:23,

4330:2, 4366:24, 4367:5,4367:23, 4368:21,4368:23, 4370:17,4370:19, 4371:4, 4377:19,4377:20, 4458:18, 4460:8,4519:16, 4524:16

impacted [4] - 4488:17,4489:5, 4489:25, 4493:10

impacting [1] - 4490:4impacts [7] - 4340:21,

4340:24, 4353:18,4409:23, 4512:15, 4514:5,4514:22

impeccable [1] - 4335:11implemented [1] - 4512:17importance [8] - 4340:7,

4351:6, 4362:9, 4388:11,4391:10, 4393:3, 4514:23,4525:16

important [29] - 4278:24,4304:25, 4305:2, 4305:7,4305:19, 4336:6, 4336:7,4336:8, 4338:2, 4342:1,4348:15, 4349:11, 4350:9,4367:25, 4381:17, 4387:3,4387:14, 4411:3, 4431:2,4439:1, 4444:15, 4488:9,

4488:18, 4492:9, 4510:18,4516:1, 4525:23

importantly [2] - 4339:10,4513:5

imposed [1] - 4440:17imposition [1] - 4441:3impossible [1] - 4451:17impressed [3] - 4446:20,

4506:19, 4508:23impression [2] - 4449:7,

4499:20impressive [1] - 4410:7improve [1] - 4409:25improvise [1] - 4293:20impurities [1] - 4287:18IN [1] - 4528:13in-depth [1] - 4363:4INAC [1] - 4505:17inaction [1] - 4448:22inaudible [1] - 4419:10Inc [1] - 4274:23Incapable [1] - 4382:22include [4] - 4403:14,

4411:16, 4516:25, 4517:2included [5] - 4333:5,

4416:3, 4511:8, 4516:21,4518:23

including [5] - 4445:12,4513:18, 4516:4, 4517:11,4520:10

inclusive [1] - 4343:18incorporated [2] - 4452:1,

4523:17increase [2] - 4411:1,

4519:17increased [9] - 4385:25,

4386:5, 4396:20, 4399:11,4510:1, 4510:2, 4510:15,4519:9, 4519:10

increasing [2] - 4510:14,4519:18

indeed [1] - 4343:4INDEX [1] - 4275:1Indian [21] - 4318:15,

4319:15, 4327:2, 4334:8,4344:21, 4406:3, 4439:15,4440:1, 4441:3, 4445:1,4445:17, 4446:23,4447:25, 4452:14,4453:14, 4454:23,4455:14, 4462:20, 4464:5,4522:22

Indians [8] - 4439:16,4440:6, 4440:7, 4442:11,4447:9, 4453:12, 4454:13

indicate [5] - 4281:20,4334:22, 4511:13,4521:13, 4523:5

indicated [5] - 4522:12,4522:15, 4522:21,4523:16, 4525:10

indicates [1] - 4409:24indicating [12] - 4295:3,

4488:24, 4488:25,4489:19, 4490:13,4490:17, 4491:21,4491:25, 4492:3, 4492:4,4493:23, 4496:4

indicating) [6] - 4488:21,4489:1, 4489:2, 4489:17,4490:19, 4491:16

indication [3] - 4328:6,4498:24, 4505:11

indifferent [1] - 4449:6Indigenous [3] - 4336:11,

4336:13, 4372:2indirectly [1] - 4414:6individual [2] - 4377:11,

4478:6individuals [1] - 4480:18industries [1] - 4443:19industry [14] - 4340:17,

4372:9, 4374:22, 4401:24,4443:13, 4443:15,4443:16, 4443:23,4454:24, 4518:4, 4522:3,4522:14, 4522:16, 4522:20

Industry [1] - 4518:14infected [1] - 4288:25infections [1] - 4289:13infestations [1] - 4517:8infirm [1] - 4292:1influence [1] - 4334:11inform [1] - 4515:15information [16] - 4278:25,

4317:3, 4325:4, 4345:18,4390:3, 4391:19, 4404:2,4450:1, 4494:3, 4502:6,4502:21, 4511:9, 4512:19,4514:24, 4515:1, 4525:15

infrastructure [5] - 4348:24,4348:25, 4349:1, 4369:4,4414:9

initial [1] - 4413:25initiative [1] - 4523:21Inlet [1] - 4439:17input [5] - 4442:18, 4515:7,

4515:18, 4517:16, 4519:22Inquiry [2] - 4444:25, 4446:5inquiry [2] - 4446:10, 4516:2Inside [1] - 4383:1inside [2] - 4286:23, 4342:13insight [2] - 4356:13,

4497:19inspired [1] - 4317:3instead [1] - 4451:16intact [1] - 4362:3integrity [1] - 4510:19intended [1] - 4442:16intent [1] - 4320:25interest [16] - 4341:22,

4350:7, 4355:6, 4366:19,



18

4367:18, 4369:14,4369:15, 4370:11, 4374:3,4374:8, 4376:15, 4376:17,4376:18, 4377:13,4510:15, 4510:20

interested [11] - 4339:12,4341:14, 4341:23,4343:15, 4345:24,4347:17, 4353:15, 4354:9,4354:19, 4354:20, 4364:24

INTERESTED [1] - 4274:1interesting [4] - 4348:23,

4362:7, 4378:9, 4506:19interests [1] - 4337:8interfered [1] - 4387:15interferes [1] - 4386:15International [1] - 4330:12international [4] - 4329:21,

4330:9, 4336:9, 4340:23interpersonal [1] - 4410:9interpretation [1] - 4331:5interpreted [1] - 4517:25interrelationship [1] -

4378:10interrupted [1] - 4426:18intrigued [1] - 4336:18introduce [10] - 4277:24,

4280:13, 4328:16, 4347:5,4417:4, 4431:14, 4462:21,4462:23, 4473:14

introduced [1] - 4423:8introducing [3] - 4277:22,

4280:5, 4283:6introduction [4] - 4280:1,

4307:6, 4348:2, 4517:3intrusion [1] - 4441:3Inuit [2] - 4312:5, 4370:25invaded [1] - 4350:2invading [1] - 4308:2Invasive [1] - 4517:17invasive [16] - 4306:14,

4306:17, 4323:20,4325:21, 4325:25,4494:18, 4494:25,4495:19, 4495:21,4516:16, 4516:18,4516:24, 4517:1, 4517:3,4517:8, 4517:11

invented [1] - 4336:17inventory [1] - 4516:25invested [1] - 4404:15investigating [1] - 4500:9investigations [1] - 4500:12investment [5] - 4404:15,

4404:24, 4405:12, 4407:3,4407:18

investors [1] - 4355:10invitation [3] - 4347:13,

4348:1invitations [1] - 4348:13invite [1] - 4361:1

invited [3] - 4330:11,4347:20, 4348:10

inviting [1] - 4339:20involve [1] - 4418:2involved [11] - 4280:19,

4332:22, 4339:6, 4339:12,4346:6, 4346:10, 4401:6,4448:24, 4488:2, 4488:3,4524:24

involvement [2] - 4330:10,4521:15

IR [3] - 4486:17iris [1] - 4495:17irregardless [1] - 4345:6irrigation [1] - 4428:22Irving [12] - 4273:14,

4280:18, 4390:12,4400:25, 4440:16,4442:15, 4442:19, 4443:9,4443:24, 4443:25, 4456:9,4525:6

IRVING [31] - 4316:24,4317:1, 4318:6, 4319:18,4321:15, 4322:19,4324:11, 4324:24,4351:22, 4355:15, 4358:3,4388:9, 4388:18, 4388:21,4389:14, 4389:22, 4390:7,4413:3, 4435:23, 4436:5,4436:7, 4436:11, 4436:15,4436:18, 4436:23,4456:12, 4487:17, 4497:8,4497:18, 4499:19, 4509:16

isolation [1] - 4360:1issue [5] - 4447:3, 4448:15,

4494:17, 4518:18issues [3] - 4282:2, 4511:3,

4513:6it" [1] - 4347:6items [1] - 4340:5itself [6] - 4359:7, 4374:1,

4426:10, 4427:8, 4458:8JACK [3] - 4276:8, 4473:12,

4473:16Jack [8] - 4274:17, 4310:24,

4343:1, 4361:9, 4473:11,4473:16, 4478:10, 4524:4

jam [1] - 4338:3Jamault [1] - 4273:10James [2] - 4444:23, 4455:21Jane [2] - 4409:7, 4409:9jar [5] - 4412:15, 4412:22,

4419:12, 4419:13, 4422:16Jaron [2] - 4273:9, 4280:9jarred [1] - 4314:1jars [3] - 4314:2, 4412:13,

4423:3jays [1] - 4299:24jerky [1] - 4292:24Jesus [1] - 4378:24Jesus's [1] - 4277:12

Jimmy [1] - 4521:21job [7] - 4277:7, 4292:7,

4335:7, 4338:8, 4406:22,4445:8, 4474:3

jobs [7] - 4455:8, 4455:9,4455:10, 4455:11,4507:10, 4523:10

Joe [3] - 4280:9, 4510:10,4521:24

John's [1] - 4495:14Johnny [4] - 4296:4, 4404:10Johnson [1] - 4444:9joke [1] - 4360:18Jones [1] - 4273:15Joseph [1] - 4273:7journey [6] - 4277:10,

4343:3, 4482:7, 4482:15,4527:8

Joyce [5] - 4415:25, 4417:4,4417:5, 4426:13, 4429:2

judgment [1] - 4470:13judicious [1] - 4354:2juicy [1] - 4297:2Julia [1] - 4328:23Julie [1] - 4379:21jumping [1] - 4337:9juniper [1] - 4487:4Kamloops [5] - 4296:23,

4312:22, 4314:3, 4315:19,4319:4

Kashusha [1] - 4328:22Katherine [5] - 4273:15,

4280:16, 4394:9, 4515:10,4524:20

keep [11] - 4286:21, 4326:6,4327:14, 4340:19,4340:20, 4365:3, 4422:6,4422:7, 4470:4, 4482:8,4494:20

Keep [1] - 4296:5keeping [2] - 4505:18,

4521:1Keith [2] - 4273:13, 4280:24Kelly [5] - 4424:22, 4425:1,

4425:9, 4425:13, 4496:16kept [4] - 4284:22, 4344:10,

4346:21, 4424:4key [2] - 4410:7, 4518:21kick [1] - 4454:7kids [9] - 4305:3, 4305:14,

4306:4, 4430:1, 4430:25,4453:15, 4453:19,4475:11, 4489:13

kill [2] - 4415:9, 4451:6Killed [1] - 4481:24killed [1] - 4319:1killing [2] - 4289:25, 4304:8Kilmer [1] - 4345:13kilometre [3] - 4419:17,

4420:15, 4430:19kilometres [7] - 4400:17,

4434:21, 4434:23, 4464:8,4471:10, 4493:16, 4497:16

kind [36] - 4284:17, 4284:23,4285:2, 4285:23, 4287:2,4287:11, 4287:12,4287:24, 4289:6, 4289:13,4300:20, 4301:6, 4303:20,4306:17, 4306:25,4307:13, 4307:18, 4308:3,4309:11, 4323:25,4332:10, 4335:25, 4375:8,4392:19, 4409:2, 4427:22,4433:2, 4440:6, 4440:7,4447:22, 4460:12, 4461:4,4461:16, 4472:2, 4477:13,4488:13

kindling [1] - 4292:6kindness [1] - 4509:20kinds [3] - 4310:21, 4440:5,

4441:22Kingcome [1] - 4439:17Kla [6] - 4439:13, 4440:10,

4441:7Kla-Lee-Lee-Kla [3] -

4439:13, 4440:10, 4441:7KLASSEN [16] - 4325:3,

4325:24, 4326:23, 4361:5,4362:10, 4401:4, 4401:17,4402:2, 4413:5, 4414:6,4456:21, 4500:4, 4500:6,4500:14, 4500:21, 4501:2

Klassen [2] - 4273:4, 4280:7Klaust [1] - 4317:14Knapweed [1] - 4495:7knapweed [1] - 4495:13knees [1] - 4299:10knife [1] - 4481:13knocked [1] - 4371:16knowing [2] - 4298:7,

4472:16knowledge [20] - 4283:14,

4310:16, 4311:11,4315:22, 4320:5, 4327:22,4329:1, 4330:21, 4332:21,4342:5, 4356:10, 4472:16,4475:5, 4494:5, 4494:6,4494:9, 4505:10, 4510:22

knowledgeable [1] - 4329:23known [10] - 4323:6,

4328:17, 4333:16,4333:22, 4334:7, 4451:3,4456:18, 4511:11,4512:20, 4522:5

knows [3] - 4424:9, 4435:14,4440:16

Knucwentwecw [2] - 4407:9,4407:10

KOOY [19] - 4275:9, 4328:8,4328:14, 4328:15,4352:16, 4356:6, 4358:13,4360:25, 4361:7, 4362:15,



19

4365:13, 4368:14,4368:20, 4370:20,4372:15, 4374:23,4375:10, 4375:23, 4378:16

Kooy [7] - 4274:5, 4282:9,4328:3, 4328:17, 4351:15,4505:5, 4517:20

Krause [1] - 4328:23Kukwpi7 [1] - 4356:22Kwawkgewth [3] - 4278:3,

4439:13, 4521:19labelled [1] - 4319:24labels [2] - 4442:3, 4442:8labour [2] - 4394:23, 4453:20labourers [1] - 4455:8Labrador [2] - 4282:21,

4282:24Lac [1] - 4386:22lack [1] - 4448:8lacking [1] - 4384:11Ladies [4] - 4279:23, 4379:6,

4437:11, 4503:7Ladner [1] - 4345:7lady [6] - 4291:23, 4349:13,

4382:5, 4384:22, 4480:19,4527:17

Lahache [1] - 4386:22LAKE [2] - 4276:21, 4527:24Lake [44] - 4280:17, 4292:21,

4296:24, 4298:24, 4299:2,4318:14, 4319:14, 4320:2,4392:5, 4392:6, 4395:13,4406:14, 4407:2, 4407:3,4407:14, 4409:11,4415:20, 4418:13, 4425:8,4425:10, 4429:25, 4431:3,4436:5, 4453:3, 4453:10,4453:11, 4453:15, 4454:9,4454:10, 4465:9, 4471:3,4477:7, 4479:2, 4479:19,4480:18, 4480:19,4483:15, 4491:4, 4496:16,4496:23, 4497:21,4508:15, 4516:13, 4522:24

lake [31] - 4295:21, 4323:11,4381:19, 4411:9, 4411:10,4429:25, 4432:20,4432:22, 4432:23,4434:17, 4435:3, 4436:2,4451:6, 4454:8, 4457:17,4457:18, 4457:20, 4458:1,4458:8, 4458:14, 4460:13,4460:24, 4461:5, 4461:7,4461:13, 4462:1, 4470:21,4470:22, 4477:10, 4483:14

lakes [4] - 4298:1, 4435:24,4485:7, 4485:8

Laloya [1] - 4328:17Lance [3] - 4432:12,

4432:15, 4432:16Land [3] - 4513:20, 4518:21,

4519:1land [100] - 4278:24,

4283:24, 4284:14,4313:14, 4313:15,4315:24, 4318:23,4319:22, 4323:17,4324:16, 4334:17,4336:21, 4337:23,4337:24, 4338:1, 4338:5,4338:14, 4338:23,4339:11, 4339:13, 4342:5,4342:19, 4344:21,4344:22, 4348:3, 4348:21,4350:13, 4350:14, 4352:5,4352:8, 4352:14, 4361:15,4361:23, 4364:9, 4371:15,4379:24, 4380:1, 4380:5,4380:7, 4380:12, 4381:17,4382:6, 4382:9, 4382:16,4387:4, 4387:24, 4388:25,4392:25, 4393:2, 4393:4,4399:16, 4404:15,4404:24, 4404:25,4405:12, 4405:14,4406:10, 4406:11, 4407:2,4407:7, 4416:4, 4417:13,4426:15, 4426:18,4430:22, 4435:13,4448:14, 4448:15, 4469:4,4469:6, 4469:25, 4470:4,4473:22, 4474:1, 4474:2,4474:23, 4475:18, 4478:4,4481:7, 4483:20, 4485:19,4486:12, 4486:13,4486:19, 4504:1, 4504:6,4504:18, 4505:10, 4506:5,4506:22, 4507:7, 4507:11,4509:25, 4518:20,4519:11, 4520:23,4524:13, 4525:15

land" [1] - 4407:16landmarks [1] - 4339:1landowners [1] - 4511:23lands [7] - 4318:22, 4318:25,

4382:8, 4503:22, 4506:14,4507:2, 4510:7

landscape [2] - 4510:14,4518:15

landslides [2] - 4421:19,4421:23

Language [11] - 4294:21,4295:1, 4313:1, 4313:3,4351:14, 4378:19,4415:18, 4416:9, 4457:6,4503:19, 4527:2

language [18] - 4292:17,4293:16, 4306:1, 4313:5,4320:19, 4357:13,4357:14, 4357:15, 4387:8,4390:24, 4391:16,4474:15, 4474:16,4503:25, 4504:2, 4504:10,

4504:19lard [1] - 4288:19large [12] - 4297:2, 4303:9,

4310:20, 4311:21, 4312:4,4317:13, 4340:16, 4372:1,4373:22, 4417:21,4452:11, 4489:21

largely [1] - 4382:8larger [2] - 4291:11, 4311:16LARRY [2] - 4275:18,

4391:24Larry [10] - 4274:7, 4282:11,

4391:23, 4392:13,4392:15, 4396:13,4397:12, 4423:18,4434:11, 4519:6

Larry's [1] - 4394:19last [32] - 4303:11, 4307:12,

4309:11, 4322:19,4330:10, 4330:11, 4346:5,4358:3, 4372:23, 4392:2,4422:13, 4430:13,4430:15, 4430:17,4439:21, 4455:7, 4463:1,4468:3, 4476:2, 4479:10,4483:9, 4487:13, 4496:16,4503:15, 4504:21,4504:25, 4507:10, 4508:7,4508:14, 4508:17,4509:11, 4509:23

Last [1] - 4285:14late [8] - 4308:12, 4308:15,

4330:3, 4521:14, 4521:17,4521:18, 4521:21, 4521:24

laughs [1] - 4314:17LAUGHTER) [1] - 4424:11launching [1] - 4330:6law [4] - 4315:1, 4439:15,

4441:20, 4451:15lawn [1] - 4444:10laws [3] - 4447:11, 4478:4,

4521:6laying [2] - 4294:6, 4459:24leach [1] - 4450:23lead [2] - 4279:7, 4465:5leader [4] - 4358:13,

4438:18, 4469:2, 4505:3leaders [4] - 4277:5,

4277:23, 4470:3, 4525:2leadership [1] - 4339:4leads [1] - 4453:25Leah [3] - 4334:5, 4353:22,

4359:12leak [1] - 4507:22leakage [2] - 4415:2, 4521:8leaking [1] - 4521:2lean [1] - 4430:12learn [15] - 4291:16, 4313:6,

4336:12, 4347:7, 4417:16,4417:21, 4417:22,4418:20, 4418:21,

4418:22, 4478:8, 4485:24,4485:25, 4504:13, 4524:5

Learn [3] - 4418:10, 4418:18,4418:19

learned [22] - 4291:20,4292:24, 4292:25, 4293:4,4293:5, 4293:8, 4293:9,4293:12, 4293:15, 4295:4,4296:12, 4296:15,4296:16, 4296:17, 4312:3,4416:10, 4417:16, 4440:8,4444:2, 4444:14, 4475:25,4481:18

learning [6] - 4295:17,4417:12, 4417:14, 4459:2,4474:13, 4504:19

learnt [1] - 4293:11lease [1] - 4502:2least [6] - 4297:10, 4317:19,

4372:22, 4398:21, 4399:2,4421:9

leather [1] - 4427:13leathered [1] - 4427:9leave [16] - 4277:10, 4286:1,

4295:10, 4336:1, 4382:9,4383:17, 4390:7, 4428:4,4451:7, 4451:20, 4455:23,4467:10, 4469:14, 4470:2,4470:16, 4525:1

leaves [2] - 4288:14, 4422:2leaving [1] - 4419:4Lee [6] - 4439:13, 4440:10,

4441:7left [24] - 4280:7, 4280:18,

4280:21, 4382:19,4382:23, 4400:21,4401:21, 4401:24,4401:25, 4402:24,4430:10, 4430:11,4430:14, 4433:10,4433:12, 4434:22,4454:13, 4462:22, 4468:9,4474:5, 4476:25, 4494:8,4503:11

leg [1] - 4311:8legal [4] - 4280:25, 4451:14,

4523:18, 4524:1legally [1] - 4520:19legislation [1] - 4452:13legs [1] - 4380:16length [3] - 4389:23,

4411:21, 4520:12lengths [1] - 4364:25less [4] - 4288:6, 4343:21,

4399:3, 4399:8lesson [2] - 4444:2, 4444:14Lethbridge [3] - 4461:17,

4461:18, 4461:22letter [1] - 4315:7letters [2] - 4498:5, 4509:1level [15] - 4329:22, 4333:10,



20

4333:23, 4355:2, 4356:8,4358:1, 4361:24, 4368:25,4369:7, 4377:10, 4377:11,4449:5, 4513:1, 4513:10,4522:18

levels [1] - 4446:24liberal [1] - 4442:5licence [3] - 4283:13,

4414:23, 4477:3lid [2] - 4422:18, 4422:19lie [6] - 4452:25, 4453:1,

4453:13, 4453:14, 4454:3,4522:23

life [20] - 4291:12, 4295:17,4296:17, 4380:2, 4382:17,4382:22, 4385:3, 4410:15,4418:2, 4457:22, 4458:9,4458:12, 4465:3, 4472:17,4473:2, 4474:3, 4476:23,4477:6, 4477:14

lifetime [3] - 4300:8,4327:23, 4375:17

lifted [1] - 4295:2lightening [1] - 4360:13likelihood [1] - 4450:13likely [2] - 4511:11, 4518:16Likely [1] - 4304:17Lily [4] - 4328:20, 4379:17,

4392:3, 4478:23limit [4] - 4311:15, 4313:24,

4314:12, 4519:23Limited [2] - 4273:13,

4410:19limited [2] - 4353:8, 4416:1LIMITED [2] - 4276:15,

4509:15line [123] - 4304:4, 4304:12,

4308:17, 4308:21, 4320:8,4325:6, 4325:9, 4325:14,4326:1, 4334:3, 4345:2,4362:13, 4363:17,4368:18, 4369:5, 4375:3,4375:16, 4375:18,4377:17, 4385:9, 4389:9,4395:12, 4396:1, 4397:17,4398:13, 4400:10,4400:13, 4400:17,4400:21, 4401:11,4401:12, 4401:13,4401:16, 4402:20,4402:21, 4402:22,4402:23, 4403:2, 4403:5,4403:20, 4409:21,4411:17, 4411:19,4416:21, 4419:15,4421:25, 4428:15,4429:23, 4429:24, 4430:4,4430:9, 4432:19, 4434:1,4434:3, 4435:2, 4435:4,4436:2, 4436:19, 4451:6,4458:17, 4459:8, 4463:4,4463:8, 4463:20, 4464:8,

4464:14, 4464:15,4465:20, 4465:22,4465:24, 4466:7, 4467:1,4467:2, 4468:13, 4469:16,4471:10, 4471:13,4471:17, 4472:4, 4479:12,4480:6, 4484:4, 4485:16,4486:23, 4488:16,4488:20, 4490:15, 4492:1,4492:18, 4493:16,4494:16, 4494:19,4494:21, 4494:25, 4496:2,4496:11, 4496:20,4497:17, 4500:10, 4501:4,4501:11, 4507:9, 4511:6,4512:12, 4512:24,4513:12, 4513:14,4513:18, 4514:5, 4514:7,4514:20, 4515:2, 4515:17,4517:21, 4518:17,4519:17, 4519:24, 4520:1,4520:5, 4520:9, 4520:22,4525:20

line's [2] - 4398:13, 4458:24liners [1] - 4506:10lines [18] - 4290:23, 4315:5,

4315:7, 4327:13, 4335:14,4345:5, 4352:8, 4362:16,4362:19, 4366:13,4369:20, 4370:4, 4370:5,4395:22, 4395:23,4414:25, 4460:9, 4499:13

list [13] - 4278:21, 4281:20,4281:22, 4282:7, 4332:1,4335:4, 4348:7, 4487:14,4497:14, 4498:21,4498:25, 4499:3, 4499:13

listed [3] - 4369:16, 4498:14,4498:19

listen [3] - 4306:7, 4306:9,4474:21

listened [3] - 4302:16,4450:5, 4510:8

listening [4] - 4296:19,4316:17, 4408:8, 4487:7

Listening [1] - 4475:19literally [3] - 4351:10,

4356:10, 4369:1lithic [5] - 4490:21, 4497:24,

4499:9, 4499:11, 4499:12little-boy [1] - 4342:17Litton [1] - 4349:21Livain [1] - 4273:8live [16] - 4313:19, 4314:13,

4314:23, 4318:23,4361:20, 4371:10,4386:11, 4407:14,4415:20, 4428:17,4445:12, 4457:12, 4483:3,4486:15, 4486:16

lived [11] - 4285:2, 4291:24,4292:23, 4294:22, 4296:5,

4313:14, 4331:23,4415:20, 4417:7, 4457:19,4484:5

livelihood [3] - 4364:8,4377:18, 4405:17

lives [9] - 4315:9, 4405:12,4407:19, 4410:18,4417:11, 4460:15,4474:12, 4506:25, 4510:12

living [7] - 4283:23, 4296:8,4317:12, 4317:20,4371:11, 4458:11, 4476:17

load [1] - 4518:12load-out [1] - 4518:12loaded [4] - 4307:10,

4437:19, 4491:23, 4493:24local [11] - 4336:13, 4366:8,

4392:16, 4393:14, 4394:7,4411:4, 4489:19, 4510:8,4517:25, 4519:22

locally [2] - 4523:22, 4523:24locally-owned [1] - 4523:22locally-trained [1] - 4523:24locals [1] - 4397:4located [4] - 4334:8, 4344:8,

4491:18, 4493:5location [15] - 4322:23,

4324:12, 4346:1, 4359:11,4359:12, 4387:14, 4389:9,4416:25, 4437:1, 4511:6,4513:13, 4515:2, 4515:13,4515:17

locations [2] - 4309:24,4517:1

lodging [1] - 4349:7Logan [2] - 4465:9, 4477:7Logging [1] - 4298:21logging [9] - 4386:15,

4393:23, 4397:8, 4401:9,4401:20, 4469:19,4510:15, 4518:16, 4519:12

logo [1] - 4338:20London [1] - 4345:7look [53] - 4279:1, 4282:25,

4286:24, 4289:3, 4291:15,4312:23, 4314:16, 4331:3,4331:5, 4337:15, 4344:10,4344:11, 4355:7, 4359:15,4359:23, 4362:19, 4366:3,4369:2, 4374:12, 4374:25,4401:13, 4405:1, 4405:5,4405:6, 4405:22, 4406:3,4406:5, 4406:6, 4406:18,4406:19, 4407:1, 4407:2,4407:4, 4407:10, 4407:22,4407:25, 4408:1, 4408:10,4413:23, 4424:8, 4451:5,4462:4, 4469:3, 4469:20,4473:19, 4482:8, 4486:12,4492:3, 4492:21, 4526:6

looked [13] - 4297:9,

4299:12, 4313:10, 4314:6,4314:7, 4314:22, 4318:15,4349:3, 4355:5, 4369:6,4406:9, 4458:4, 4463:21

Looking [1] - 4319:25looking [40] - 4287:10,

4289:20, 4292:25, 4304:5,4319:23, 4323:11,4323:25, 4333:11,4336:19, 4336:20,4340:15, 4346:19,4346:20, 4346:21,4352:18, 4353:16,4354:21, 4355:14,4362:16, 4365:13,4365:23, 4366:15,4367:21, 4367:22,4369:12, 4369:23,4373:11, 4378:6, 4405:16,4405:17, 4413:20, 4425:8,4426:7, 4446:23, 4469:1,4475:20, 4477:9, 4488:15,4492:12

looks [6] - 4312:23, 4312:24,4313:15, 4331:8, 4457:20,4487:18

loosestrife [1] - 4495:12lose [1] - 4411:1loss [1] - 4517:25lost [8] - 4284:7, 4327:2,

4327:10, 4374:21,4397:11, 4405:17, 4494:5,4494:7

loud [2] - 4368:15, 4454:4Louis [6] - 4274:11, 4274:12,

4429:17, 4429:18,4429:21, 4431:15

LOUIS [33] - 4275:24,4275:25, 4429:19,4429:20, 4431:15,4431:17, 4431:20,4431:22, 4432:1, 4432:4,4432:7, 4432:10, 4432:12,4432:15, 4432:22, 4433:3,4433:6, 4433:11, 4433:16,4434:2, 4434:6, 4434:10,4434:18, 4435:5, 4435:9,4436:4, 4436:6, 4436:9,4436:14, 4436:16,4436:22, 4437:5

Louise [5] - 4274:6, 4282:10,4379:11, 4379:14, 4394:15

LOUISE [2] - 4275:15,4379:13

love [9] - 4292:10, 4303:3,4330:19, 4354:7, 4367:24,4419:8, 4430:22, 4435:12,4475:11

lovely [2] - 4342:10, 4437:24loves [2] - 4337:20, 4419:11low [4] - 4310:11, 4419:25,

4420:24, 4467:25



21

Low [1] - 4418:12lower [7] - 4328:21, 4329:16,

4407:6, 4407:7, 4407:16,4419:25, 4459:10

lowland [1] - 4388:24Lucille [1] - 4273:10lucky [3] - 4315:1, 4380:7,

4440:4lumber [1] - 4428:8lunch [5] - 4328:4, 4368:2,

4368:5, 4378:7, 4378:14lung [1] - 4287:21luscious [1] - 4382:25luxury [1] - 4284:17lynx [2] - 4481:10, 4481:16Mac [1] - 4296:4magnifying [1] - 4363:1mails [1] - 4509:4main [8] - 4308:17, 4312:5,

4395:11, 4395:25,4400:21, 4401:23,4401:25, 4491:18

Mainland [1] - 4274:23mainstay [1] - 4284:15mainstream [1] - 4334:11maintain [1] - 4525:3maintaining [2] - 4410:18,

4512:8maintains [1] - 4401:20maintenance [1] - 4512:6major [5] - 4341:22, 4373:16,

4373:19, 4373:22, 4449:19majority [2] - 4367:6,

4440:18male [1] - 4290:6mallard [1] - 4295:19man [8] - 4342:15, 4382:20,

4424:7, 4457:17, 4457:18,4457:20, 4458:1, 4460:24

Man's [2] - 4439:15, 4472:13man-made [5] - 4457:17,

4457:18, 4457:20, 4458:1,4460:24

manage [4] - 4368:9,4510:19, 4511:3, 4516:20

managed [2] - 4402:23,4514:8

management [5] - 4511:5,4511:15, 4516:18,4516:21, 4516:24

Management [5] - 4512:5,4512:16, 4513:21,4517:18, 4519:21

Manager [2] - 4280:16,4280:19

manager [1] - 4515:10mandate [2] - 4448:5,

4519:14manner [3] - 4444:18,

4447:5, 4447:7Maori [1] - 4336:12

map [10] - 4319:23, 4319:25,4351:10, 4352:21, 4363:1,4471:3, 4471:14, 4472:4,4497:9, 4498:9

Maps [1] - 4406:8maps [1] - 4471:15marathon [1] - 4408:25March [1] - 4410:2Marilyn [5] - 4278:4,

4310:25, 4438:7, 4439:20,4440:21

mark [1] - 4336:1market [20] - 4330:1, 4331:9,

4331:11, 4332:12,4332:13, 4336:24,4336:25, 4337:1, 4337:3,4337:4, 4337:5, 4337:20,4345:18, 4346:6, 4348:15,4352:11, 4362:10,4365:24, 4366:20, 4376:19

markets [5] - 4336:23,4346:7, 4353:2, 4354:3,4354:20

marriage [1] - 4343:2married [3] - 4317:21,

4317:23, 4474:9marsh [1] - 4495:6Mart [2] - 4407:4, 4407:5marten [1] - 4296:15Mason's [1] - 4403:9mass [1] - 4352:22Master's [1] - 4330:22match [2] - 4332:13, 4341:18matched [2] - 4341:21,

4373:3matches [1] - 4331:9matrilineal [1] - 4439:18matter [8] - 4286:9, 4296:23,

4320:7, 4353:21, 4353:22,4359:18, 4427:24

matters [3] - 4447:1,4493:16, 4514:15

Mayor [1] - 4406:14McEwen [3] - 4491:23,

4502:10, 4502:11McKeage [1] - 4273:10McLeese [1] - 4453:10meadow [2] - 4393:19,

4495:7Meadow [1] - 4393:21meadows [2] - 4393:18,

4394:14mean [44] - 4297:17,

4302:22, 4306:12,4325:13, 4335:15,4337:20, 4340:21,4346:14, 4346:18,4353:15, 4358:18,4358:20, 4358:23, 4363:3,4373:13, 4377:21, 4394:4,4398:18, 4443:10,

4443:24, 4444:20,4445:11, 4446:3, 4446:14,4446:15, 4446:20, 4447:4,4447:15, 4448:1, 4448:10,4449:16, 4450:19,4450:20, 4450:24,4451:24, 4452:2, 4453:4,4453:13, 4454:11,4454:25, 4457:15, 4460:2,4475:18, 4490:1

meaningful [1] - 4508:24meanings [1] - 4484:25means [16] - 4339:17,

4347:6, 4348:9, 4369:22,4390:13, 4441:6, 4441:7,4474:23, 4488:7, 4489:12,4501:20, 4501:22,4505:21, 4517:4, 4517:11

meant [1] - 4488:5meanwhile [1] - 4441:25measures [3] - 4516:23,

4517:2, 4517:14meat [8] - 4284:17, 4290:12,

4290:14, 4290:16, 4384:8,4464:6, 4476:18

mechanical [1] - 4517:12media [3] - 4348:8medical [3] - 4311:1,

4319:12, 4319:13medicinal [2] - 4287:20,

4347:5medicine [9] - 4288:3,

4318:14, 4320:9, 4321:10,4426:10, 4475:4, 4483:11,4486:12

medicines [16] - 4284:13,4288:25, 4299:8, 4299:11,4303:18, 4303:20,4310:12, 4319:21, 4320:6,4338:11, 4387:9, 4464:17,4474:24, 4486:23, 4486:24

meet [9] - 4278:20, 4319:4,4322:16, 4336:20,4426:25, 4428:2, 4509:3,4515:9, 4515:14

meeting [13] - 4279:17,4302:15, 4306:24,4437:24, 4442:23,4475:16, 4515:9, 4515:12,4515:13, 4515:18,4524:22, 4525:7, 4526:18

meetings [7] - 4320:21,4408:25, 4411:5, 4504:15,4509:6, 4509:23

Member [3] - 4273:4, 4273:4,4279:20

member [9] - 4317:18,4329:3, 4331:21, 4332:20,4358:14, 4376:3, 4377:11,4457:11, 4487:24

members [24] - 4279:4,4290:6, 4301:3, 4318:2,

4339:3, 4339:5, 4341:20,4346:18, 4347:15,4348:20, 4351:4, 4356:25,4359:10, 4361:19,4361:20, 4375:25,4387:12, 4398:5, 4409:18,4438:9, 4438:16, 4479:22,4505:1, 4509:17

Members [1] - 4279:23members' [1] - 4508:16membership [1] - 4508:19memory [2] - 4297:12,

4524:19men [3] - 4305:19, 4381:10,

4383:24mention [9] - 4298:11,

4300:3, 4315:3, 4315:4,4321:17, 4326:25,4442:15, 4466:25, 4502:9

mentioned [20] - 4281:25,4299:7, 4300:14, 4301:8,4322:20, 4325:5, 4358:11,4361:5, 4401:4, 4402:4,4408:22, 4409:5, 4423:6,4466:8, 4471:23, 4475:16,4501:17, 4505:14,4517:14, 4521:17

mentioning [2] - 4383:14,4521:18

mentoring [1] - 4504:15merchandising [1] - 4455:11Merritt [1] - 4299:1mess [2] - 4449:22, 4468:9message [3] - 4408:16,

4457:1, 4507:24messages [1] - 4485:5messengers [1] - 4482:14met [5] - 4320:24, 4321:22,

4446:9, 4446:18, 4473:21metallurgy [1] - 4453:16Metis [1] - 4370:25metre [1] - 4425:14metres [4] - 4292:3, 4294:23,

4299:21, 4420:25Mexico [1] - 4312:4mic [1] - 4432:17Michaud [1] - 4273:8micro [1] - 4359:20microphone [4] - 4281:14,

4329:11, 4388:6, 4526:21microphones [1] - 4281:5mid [1] - 4322:22middle [5] - 4306:21,

4420:12, 4463:5, 4493:11,4500:23

midwife [1] - 4392:11might [30] - 4299:20,

4316:17, 4323:3, 4331:4,4351:17, 4357:22,4366:13, 4372:10, 4375:9,4397:1, 4412:5, 4416:22,



22

4427:19, 4427:20, 4429:3,4437:7, 4441:18, 4446:25,4447:8, 4460:19, 4468:10,4468:11, 4488:16,4508:20, 4513:14,4517:21, 4519:14,4519:23, 4525:20

Mile [6] - 4292:21, 4292:22,4293:17, 4294:1, 4393:17

mile [1] - 4427:6mill [1] - 4455:10million [6] - 4311:20, 4330:7,

4367:2, 4373:4, 4377:17,4449:16

millions [6] - 4307:9,4443:15, 4447:16,4447:17, 4452:24

mills [2] - 4401:9, 4463:18mim7ec" [1] - 4291:11mimic [1] - 4311:4mind [9] - 4278:13, 4308:1,

4353:13, 4353:14, 4380:3,4388:6, 4419:1, 4452:17,4507:15

Mindo [1] - 4322:3minds [1] - 4443:2Mine [3] - 4280:13, 4320:1,

4438:21mine [33] - 4300:25, 4302:10,

4320:1, 4360:19, 4375:16,4400:9, 4405:25, 4406:15,4406:17, 4406:22, 4411:7,4411:13, 4411:15,4411:22, 4411:25, 4412:5,4428:14, 4429:21,4435:10, 4443:18,4451:19, 4454:6, 4455:10,4465:9, 4469:15, 4470:10,4473:25, 4479:13, 4507:6,4507:22, 4518:8, 4518:17

MINE [1] - 4272:2Mine" [1] - 4382:13miner [1] - 4441:23mines [1] - 4518:2MINES [4] - 4276:12,

4276:15, 4497:7, 4509:15Mines [13] - 4273:13,

4279:24, 4405:23, 4409:1,4409:21, 4410:19, 4443:3,4443:4, 4443:9, 4457:15,4483:12, 4509:19, 4521:16

Mines' [1] - 4444:20minimal [1] - 4512:15minimize [2] - 4511:25,

4514:9minimizing [2] - 4512:7,

4517:4minimum [1] - 4446:8Mining [1] - 4523:20mining [8] - 4406:2, 4411:3,

4445:7, 4447:18, 4461:22,

4461:24, 4510:25, 4522:9Minister [2] - 4449:2, 4449:3Ministerial [1] - 4449:5Ministry [7] - 4372:21,

4466:10, 4496:7, 4511:17,4511:18, 4512:4, 4513:21

mink [1] - 4296:15Minnie [1] - 4437:16minnow [1] - 4311:16minute [1] - 4360:21minutes [10] - 4292:2,

4306:7, 4328:9, 4328:10,4416:12, 4416:14, 4423:1,4437:9, 4438:11, 4503:4

misconceptions [1] -4438:14

MISS [12] - 4275:25,4429:19, 4431:15,4431:17, 4431:20,4431:22, 4432:1, 4432:4,4432:7, 4432:10, 4432:12,4432:15

miss [1] - 4408:9Miss [1] - 4274:12missed [2] - 4278:16,

4492:23missing [1] - 4278:15Mississippi [1] - 4310:19Missouri [1] - 4310:19misunderstandings [1] -

4438:15mitigate [2] - 4493:21,

4514:22mitigation [1] - 4516:23mix [1] - 4288:17mixed [1] - 4288:21moccasins [3] - 4292:18,

4384:22, 4384:25modifications [1] - 4518:15Mole [1] - 4423:18mom [12] - 4305:19, 4359:21,

4392:7, 4394:4, 4394:17,4394:19, 4394:22,4395:14, 4478:22, 4486:1,4486:5, 4527:5

moment [6] - 4281:21,4282:14, 4373:10,4400:24, 4460:20, 4473:19

Monday [3] - 4526:3, 4526:5,4526:6

MONDAY [2] - 4276:19,4527:22

money [12] - 4314:24,4367:14, 4441:11,4443:20, 4443:22,4447:25, 4452:9, 4455:4,4481:17, 4483:1, 4483:5,4507:9

Mongolia [1] - 4362:4monied [1] - 4442:12monitor [1] - 4517:13

monitored [1] - 4512:17monotony [1] - 4284:16months [6] - 4284:15,

4286:8, 4373:10, 4374:10,4480:25, 4486:2

Montreal [1] - 4331:25moose [38] - 4284:16,

4290:12, 4292:24, 4293:1,4293:5, 4293:7, 4293:9,4295:16, 4296:21, 4309:8,4309:12, 4309:15,4309:21, 4381:11,4381:13, 4395:2, 4395:6,4395:11, 4395:22,4396:22, 4399:9, 4402:15,4430:11, 4430:13,4430:16, 4433:10,4433:11, 4433:15,4433:17, 4433:21,4433:22, 4459:11, 4463:6,4464:23, 4465:21, 4467:6,4483:3

MORIN [8] - 4365:5, 4368:10,4368:17, 4370:14, 4372:4,4460:23, 4461:3, 4461:11

Morin [3] - 4273:4, 4280:7,4446:19

morning [13] - 4277:17,4279:16, 4287:17,4290:19, 4322:5, 4412:25,4418:17, 4419:5, 4420:7,4456:19, 4467:22,4503:23, 4507:18

most [16] - 4280:3, 4289:15,4318:20, 4341:22,4357:10, 4392:21,4401:11, 4401:22,4401:25, 4402:8, 4405:20,4439:16, 4449:7, 4455:2,4467:10, 4503:4

Most [3] - 4402:6, 4486:15,4512:25

mostly [6] - 4292:21,4313:21, 4331:17, 4400:2,4402:14, 4415:24

Mostly [1] - 4314:2Mother [3] - 4382:15,

4382:24, 4388:1mother [14] - 4284:5, 4290:5,

4317:19, 4379:21, 4384:8,4386:4, 4439:10, 4439:11,4439:18, 4441:11,4442:10, 4442:11, 4486:3,4503:23

mother's [2] - 4379:18,4392:3

mothers [1] - 4527:4motivated [1] - 4345:24motor [1] - 4387:25motorcycles [3] - 4426:22,

4427:7, 4427:8

Motorized [1] - 4510:11mountain [10] - 4317:22,

4384:25, 4427:1, 4427:2,4427:4, 4464:22, 4482:18,4485:7, 4509:25, 4518:16

Mountain [4] - 4313:8,4425:5, 4425:12, 4426:24

mountains [6] - 4287:7,4304:19, 4304:21, 4324:5,4395:16, 4469:18

mountainside [1] - 4345:3move [14] - 4292:1, 4294:8,

4301:20, 4343:19,4376:21, 4405:23,4405:24, 4406:1, 4454:8,4457:22, 4468:17,4480:10, 4483:13, 4492:12

moved [10] - 4290:8, 4292:3,4319:16, 4409:10, 4417:7,4420:25, 4457:14, 4458:3,4469:4, 4505:25

movement [4] - 4343:20,4360:11, 4377:11, 4377:12

movie [1] - 4345:12movies [6] - 4415:24,

4415:25, 4476:20,4476:21, 4476:22, 4477:8

moving [7] - 4317:6,4343:21, 4359:14,4366:14, 4366:18,4376:15, 4377:8

MR [140] - 4275:6, 4275:18,4275:21, 4275:24, 4276:4,4276:6, 4276:6, 4276:9,4282:17, 4283:11,4290:25, 4310:16,4316:24, 4317:1, 4318:6,4318:8, 4319:18, 4321:15,4322:19, 4324:11,4324:24, 4325:3, 4325:24,4326:23, 4326:25,4351:22, 4355:15, 4358:3,4361:5, 4362:10, 4388:9,4388:18, 4388:21,4389:14, 4389:22, 4390:7,4391:24, 4392:15,4397:21, 4398:7, 4398:9,4398:19, 4398:25, 4399:4,4399:7, 4399:12, 4399:18,4400:1, 4400:7, 4401:4,4401:8, 4401:17, 4401:22,4402:2, 4402:6, 4402:11,4402:14, 4402:19, 4403:7,4403:24, 4408:19,4408:20, 4412:17, 4413:3,4413:5, 4413:15, 4414:6,4414:15, 4414:22,4415:17, 4416:23, 4417:1,4419:14, 4420:5, 4420:21,4421:10, 4421:14,4421:17, 4422:21,4423:10, 4423:12,



23

4423:18, 4423:21,4423:24, 4424:6, 4424:13,4424:21, 4425:11,4425:17, 4425:21,4429:19, 4429:20,4432:22, 4433:3, 4433:6,4433:11, 4433:16, 4434:2,4434:6, 4434:10, 4434:18,4435:5, 4435:9, 4435:23,4436:4, 4436:5, 4436:6,4436:7, 4436:9, 4436:11,4436:14, 4436:15,4436:16, 4436:18,4436:22, 4436:23, 4437:5,4456:12, 4456:21, 4457:9,4457:10, 4461:1, 4461:4,4461:15, 4461:19,4461:24, 4462:15,4478:18, 4478:19,4487:17, 4497:8, 4497:18,4499:19, 4500:4, 4500:6,4500:14, 4500:21, 4501:2,4509:16

MS [98] - 4275:5, 4275:9,4275:15, 4275:18,4275:20, 4276:8, 4280:15,4282:17, 4328:8, 4328:14,4328:15, 4352:16, 4356:6,4358:13, 4360:25, 4361:7,4362:15, 4365:5, 4365:13,4368:10, 4368:14,4368:17, 4368:20,4370:14, 4370:20, 4372:4,4372:15, 4374:23,4375:10, 4375:23,4378:16, 4379:13,4379:14, 4383:16,4384:17, 4384:21, 4385:6,4385:15, 4385:20, 4386:2,4386:25, 4387:6, 4387:17,4387:23, 4388:16,4388:19, 4389:19,4390:15, 4390:23, 4391:4,4391:14, 4391:24,4391:25, 4393:6, 4395:2,4395:8, 4395:13, 4395:19,4395:23, 4396:2, 4396:5,4396:8, 4396:14, 4396:19,4396:23, 4397:2, 4397:10,4397:14, 4404:7, 4404:8,4417:5, 4420:3, 4420:18,4421:5, 4421:12, 4421:15,4422:14, 4423:9, 4423:11,4423:16, 4423:20,4423:23, 4424:1, 4424:11,4424:18, 4425:5, 4425:14,4425:19, 4426:5, 4426:21,4429:3, 4429:6, 4429:16,4460:23, 4461:3, 4461:11,4473:12, 4473:16

muddy [1] - 4434:24Mudge [2] - 4439:14,

4439:15multiple [1] - 4376:24music [1] - 4337:16Musket [1] - 4298:20musket [1] - 4296:8muskrat [1] - 4296:13muskrats [3] - 4295:21,

4296:9, 4296:11must [3] - 4293:18, 4294:1,

4493:19mutual [1] - 4478:4Nabas [1] - 4321:16Nahanni [1] - 4365:1nail [2] - 4475:23, 4506:11Nalaine [9] - 4273:4, 4280:7,

4365:4, 4368:3, 4368:7,4446:19, 4451:15, 4460:21

name [40] - 4277:13, 4278:2,4281:15, 4281:17,4281:18, 4298:13, 4301:4,4320:15, 4323:13,4328:16, 4350:21,4372:23, 4379:14,4389:14, 4389:16, 4392:3,4392:4, 4404:8, 4415:19,4417:5, 4439:12, 4440:10,4451:11, 4457:11,4462:19, 4462:24,4465:13, 4470:22, 4474:9,4478:19, 4482:1, 4482:2,4487:23, 4495:3, 4507:8,4521:17, 4522:15,4522:20, 4528:14

name's [3] - 4429:20,4438:5, 4473:16

named [1] - 4436:3names [7] - 4320:14,

4320:19, 4392:10, 4432:8,4435:24, 4484:19, 4484:21

Nancy [5] - 4274:23,4305:12, 4417:10, 4528:3,4528:19

nap [4] - 4307:5, 4307:6,4307:19, 4326:18

Nate's [1] - 4475:10Nation [22] - 4279:21,

4319:24, 4328:19, 4329:3,4329:15, 4331:14, 4334:6,4338:8, 4349:22, 4349:23,4356:20, 4356:21, 4357:8,4358:2, 4359:13, 4370:24,4401:6, 4438:10, 4478:25,4491:12, 4521:19

national [2] - 4329:21,4337:17

nationally [1] - 4358:1Nations [40] - 4312:11,

4318:12, 4351:17,4356:14, 4357:11,4357:19, 4359:11,4365:12, 4390:24, 4391:5,

4391:6, 4438:6, 4440:13,4466:4, 4466:9, 4466:13,4466:17, 4467:23, 4468:6,4469:7, 4469:11, 4472:14,4482:20, 4485:9, 4485:12,4485:13, 4485:18,4486:11, 4511:18, 4512:3,4512:11, 4512:14,4512:18, 4512:19,4514:24, 4519:22,4523:14, 4523:15,4523:19, 4523:25

Native [13] - 4284:8,4305:11, 4355:24, 4356:3,4389:20, 4397:6, 4407:24,4460:14, 4464:1, 4507:14,4516:5, 4519:9

native [3] - 4308:6, 4323:18,4325:22

natural [11] - 4286:22,4299:11, 4334:10,4334:23, 4334:25,4335:21, 4347:4, 4457:25,4462:7, 4511:25

nature [8] - 4337:1, 4340:16,4344:14, 4346:2, 4417:17,4497:19, 4498:3, 4499:23

nature-based [2] - 4337:1,4344:14

naught [1] - 4382:23near [6] - 4395:11, 4396:4,

4399:14, 4407:5, 4421:17,4518:2

nearby [1] - 4411:10nearly [1] - 4309:20necessarily [3] - 4357:2,

4414:19, 4498:25neck [1] - 4481:18need [27] - 4279:1, 4286:6,

4288:15, 4314:1, 4324:21,4328:10, 4334:19, 4369:1,4374:25, 4376:20, 4415:7,4434:25, 4475:6, 4480:15,4485:19, 4485:20,4485:22, 4486:24, 4487:5,4491:1, 4505:3, 4512:17,4512:18, 4516:20, 4517:9,4521:13, 4522:12

needed [4] - 4286:13,4301:25, 4322:16, 4368:25

needle [2] - 4293:12, 4294:7needs [2] - 4359:16, 4409:22negate [2] - 4353:11, 4377:3negative [8] - 4324:8,

4324:10, 4371:23,4371:25, 4377:2, 4377:19,4377:20, 4414:2

negatively [1] - 4517:21neighbour [1] - 4354:13neighbour's [1] - 4411:2neighbours [4] - 4381:6,

4409:19, 4413:8, 4506:24Nemiah [4] - 4322:12,

4381:16, 4381:20, 4465:1nephew [2] - 4297:14,

4392:14net [1] - 4468:3nets [1] - 4314:6never [27] - 4279:3, 4296:3,

4299:14, 4301:12,4305:15, 4310:4, 4318:1,4318:12, 4318:20,4318:25, 4393:9, 4397:3,4397:4, 4419:6, 4424:2,4424:3, 4440:13, 4441:23,4444:11, 4446:18, 4461:9,4463:2, 4469:20, 4473:19,4474:3, 4477:14, 4490:5

Never [1] - 4441:23nevertheless [2] - 4440:8,

4448:23Nevertheless [1] - 4525:14New [7] - 4336:9, 4350:24,

4350:25, 4351:7, 4373:23,4374:10, 4410:2

new [22] - 4279:6, 4281:16,4308:21, 4309:5, 4324:5,4324:6, 4324:13, 4324:19,4326:1, 4397:8, 4397:17,4409:12, 4409:20,4411:18, 4414:1, 4427:8,4435:1, 4459:6, 4496:17,4525:11

next [18] - 4328:3, 4337:19,4354:13, 4355:11,4379:11, 4391:22, 4404:5,4408:18, 4415:14,4429:17, 4437:25, 4439:6,4457:7, 4462:12, 4473:10,4477:17, 4478:16, 4491:9

next-door [1] - 4354:13nice [3] - 4302:25, 4379:9,

4509:10niche [2] - 4352:24, 4353:1nickname [1] - 4482:3Nielsen [3] - 4274:23,

4528:3, 4528:19night [6] - 4418:17, 4419:3,

4420:1, 4420:6, 4420:10,4444:10

nights [1] - 4421:8nighttime [1] - 4425:22nine [2] - 4511:13, 4520:8nine-volume [1] - 4511:13nineties [1] - 4321:5Nisga'a [2] - 4521:23,

4521:24NO [1] - 4275:2noble [1] - 4336:19Nobody [2] - 4423:6,

4470:10nobody [2] - 4401:14, 4470:9



24

nomad [1] - 4321:12non [9] - 4355:24, 4356:3,

4356:25, 4370:25,4407:24, 4441:3, 4445:24,4507:14, 4519:9

non-absentia [1] - 4445:24non-community [1] -

4356:25non-Indian [1] - 4441:3non-Native [5] - 4355:24,

4356:3, 4407:24, 4507:14,4519:9

non-status [1] - 4370:25none [8] - 4285:1, 4285:11,

4287:11, 4313:10,4343:20, 4396:23, 4420:2,4430:14

nonetheless [2] - 4336:18,4369:9

NOON [2] - 4275:12, 4379:3norm [1] - 4376:13normal [1] - 4421:22North [2] - 4312:5, 4327:1north [6] - 4312:11, 4388:14,

4388:24, 4493:16,4501:10, 4502:12

north/south [1] - 4471:17Northern [4] - 4333:15,

4354:17, 4468:23, 4505:19northern [4] - 4277:24,

4360:20, 4364:13, 4444:24Northwest [2] - 4360:20,

4455:1note [2] - 4400:23, 4506:21noted [1] - 4350:22Notes [1] - 4341:11nothing [10] - 4313:13,

4421:12, 4427:12,4440:18, 4443:4, 4452:18,4458:1, 4458:5, 4489:12,4521:15

Nothing [1] - 4418:4notice [7] - 4287:14,

4296:20, 4297:5, 4297:20,4303:7, 4412:12, 4491:4

noticed [10] - 4287:16,4308:6, 4327:8, 4329:10,4345:19, 4386:13,4414:13, 4424:2, 4424:4,4447:14

nourishment [1] - 4384:11nowadays [10] - 4285:14,

4286:19, 4288:11, 4289:4,4302:4, 4303:1, 4303:5,4303:20, 4309:21, 4398:10

nowhere [1] - 4318:13NSTC [1] - 4505:19number [19] - 4301:24,

4318:16, 4333:17,4343:20, 4391:11, 4439:3,4477:2, 4477:3, 4486:17,

4486:18, 4489:2, 4497:22,4512:22, 4513:13, 4519:9,4519:19, 4520:11, 4521:11

numbered [1] - 4405:2numbers [7] - 4301:24,

4352:13, 4364:16,4365:14, 4367:3, 4498:12,4510:4

o'clock [5] - 4419:5, 4420:7,4508:19, 4526:5

O'Reilly [1] - 4318:24object [1] - 4412:15Objectives [1] - 4513:22obligations [2] - 4523:19,

4524:2obliged [2] - 4514:21,

4521:18Obliterating [1] - 4382:16obscured [1] - 4335:13observations [2] - 4512:23,

4512:25observing [1] - 4323:4Obtaining [1] - 4410:25obtaining [2] - 4411:2,

4514:25obvious [1] - 4501:9obviously [8] - 4320:23,

4369:16, 4391:10,4412:18, 4446:1, 4448:10,4448:12, 4449:3

occasions [1] - 4284:18occur [5] - 4282:4, 4375:7,

4375:9, 4375:20, 4511:12occurred [1] - 4517:1ocean [1] - 4311:24OF [2] - 4272:8, 4275:1off-road [1] - 4459:13Offer [1] - 4410:12offer [5] - 4353:2, 4353:3,

4356:7, 4451:8offering [3] - 4360:17,

4373:3office [1] - 4491:1official [1] - 4515:14Official [2] - 4528:3, 4528:20officially [1] - 4279:16often [2] - 4306:14, 4339:8oil [5] - 4415:1, 4445:3,

4445:7, 4521:1, 4521:8ointment [2] - 4288:23,

4289:9old [26] - 4291:22, 4291:23,

4292:4, 4293:10, 4293:18,4294:2, 4322:16, 4326:11,4342:14, 4349:13, 4410:8,4431:16, 4432:9, 4464:18,4467:19, 4468:2, 4468:20,4469:23, 4473:24, 4476:6,4480:17, 4484:12,4484:13, 4484:17

older [5] - 4319:6, 4383:24,

4394:18, 4433:13, 4464:18Olympics [1] - 4372:24ON [2] - 4276:19, 4527:21once [15] - 4284:25, 4290:8,

4379:8, 4414:2, 4417:17,4435:1, 4440:19, 4492:2,4502:20, 4507:10,4507:11, 4508:18, 4510:5,4525:1, 4526:11

one [135] - 4277:8, 4277:20,4277:24, 4278:4, 4284:20,4285:15, 4285:20,4290:18, 4290:19,4293:25, 4294:4, 4294:13,4294:16, 4297:16,4298:10, 4300:12, 4301:4,4303:2, 4304:5, 4306:20,4307:3, 4307:8, 4309:7,4309:19, 4310:1, 4314:19,4314:20, 4319:16,4325:15, 4326:8, 4329:19,4330:11, 4334:3, 4337:13,4343:4, 4343:7, 4346:4,4356:2, 4358:11, 4358:12,4361:16, 4362:3, 4365:1,4370:7, 4370:15, 4374:7,4374:15, 4380:17, 4381:5,4381:22, 4382:3, 4383:23,4386:13, 4388:10,4389:23, 4390:13,4392:16, 4395:10, 4396:3,4397:21, 4398:2, 4398:12,4398:22, 4401:10,4401:17, 4402:3, 4403:19,4407:9, 4410:7, 4411:8,4412:15, 4413:5, 4416:13,4418:24, 4420:2, 4420:3,4423:12, 4424:2, 4424:14,4424:15, 4424:16,4424:23, 4425:9, 4426:21,4427:1, 4427:3, 4427:4,4428:5, 4428:6, 4433:21,4434:18, 4434:19,4444:10, 4446:16,4447:16, 4448:21, 4449:5,4453:18, 4455:14,4457:14, 4457:16, 4460:1,4463:10, 4463:18,4467:22, 4468:4, 4470:20,4471:14, 4473:22, 4479:9,4479:11, 4480:19, 4482:6,4487:17, 4490:12,4491:16, 4492:20,4492:25, 4493:7, 4493:13,4493:23, 4493:25,4494:23, 4497:21, 4498:7,4498:17, 4499:18, 4500:4,4506:10, 4506:20, 4518:9,4520:9

One [5] - 4286:3, 4383:13,4393:2, 4403:18, 4410:11

One's [1] - 4432:10

one's [1] - 4432:10one-liners [1] - 4506:10one-up [1] - 4297:16ones [8] - 4304:20, 4307:25,

4326:19, 4425:7, 4440:7,4468:7, 4492:22, 4497:16

ongoing [1] - 4361:11onion [3] - 4286:4, 4286:20,

4286:25Onion [1] - 4418:13onions [1] - 4286:4Ontario [1] - 4364:13open [13] - 4279:16, 4286:21,

4288:14, 4313:16, 4333:3,4341:4, 4341:6, 4411:13,4419:12, 4459:9, 4507:6,4523:23, 4525:3

opened [4] - 4309:6, 4323:9,4323:24, 4397:16

OPENING [4] - 4275:3,4275:4, 4277:1, 4279:13

opening [1] - 4460:9openings [1] - 4324:6openness [1] - 4510:14operate [1] - 4451:19operated [1] - 4521:10operating [1] - 4409:5operation [5] - 4409:6,

4414:18, 4461:22,4461:25, 4519:5

operations [2] - 4414:21,4455:3

operator [1] - 4371:22opinion [5] - 4368:11,

4368:17, 4441:24, 4447:1,4452:21

Opportunities [1] - 4331:15opportunities [18] - 4333:12,

4335:6, 4340:25, 4343:5,4353:10, 4355:13,4361:13, 4363:23, 4365:8,4365:21, 4366:21,4369:22, 4374:22, 4377:4,4377:25, 4473:23,4517:22, 4523:22

opportunity [19] - 4279:2,4279:3, 4282:1, 4331:21,4343:7, 4348:12, 4350:12,4351:11, 4352:1, 4360:11,4362:25, 4364:19, 4371:6,4371:9, 4371:12, 4377:13,4380:10, 4381:14, 4478:2

opposed [2] - 4318:21,4445:2

orange [1] - 4495:9Orca [1] - 4311:21order [5] - 4274:1, 4282:6,

4324:14, 4474:19, 4498:19Orders [1] - 4299:21ore [1] - 4454:19organizations [3] - 4350:20,



25

4359:21, 4466:12organize [2] - 4330:5,

4361:22original [4] - 4420:22,

4423:13, 4457:22, 4462:7originally [1] - 4424:15others' [1] - 4517:16Otherwise [1] - 4453:14otherwise [1] - 4520:21Ottawa [2] - 4331:25,

4470:13ours" [1] - 4404:21ourselves [13] - 4342:1,

4352:19, 4357:20,4360:24, 4361:25, 4439:3,4440:23, 4440:25,4469:10, 4469:11, 4470:5,4482:17, 4510:25

outdoor [2] - 4339:14,4347:1

outfit [1] - 4364:1outfitting [1] - 4364:15outline [1] - 4503:10outlined [1] - 4517:14outlining [1] - 4523:2outlying [3] - 4376:6, 4510:2,

4510:16outrageous [1] - 4344:4outside [10] - 4339:20,

4340:9, 4340:10, 4362:4,4372:2, 4376:13, 4381:8,4387:16, 4390:21, 4433:25

outsiders [1] - 4489:11outsides [1] - 4286:24outweigh [1] - 4412:4overall [3] - 4344:10,

4359:24, 4364:8overcutting [1] - 4298:19overfish [1] - 4314:16overlap [1] - 4513:17oversight [1] - 4522:19overview [1] - 4283:17Overwaitea [1] - 4419:9own [29] - 4293:13, 4329:18,

4330:16, 4334:13,4334:19, 4336:10,4340:10, 4345:6, 4346:15,4348:11, 4352:17,4354:16, 4356:23, 4364:1,4364:8, 4373:15, 4376:3,4380:21, 4385:13,4387:19, 4393:1, 4406:12,4414:22, 4417:19, 4442:1,4457:23, 4474:15, 4485:14

owned [2] - 4394:23,4523:22

owner/operator [1] -4370:24

ownership [1] - 4520:23oxidise [1] - 4450:22P" [1] - 4449:18

P.M [6] - 4275:14, 4276:18,4276:20, 4379:4, 4379:5,4527:22

P.M.)(PROCEEDINGS [1] -4275:13

Pacific [1] - 4345:24pack [1] - 4292:5packed [1] - 4290:8page [3] - 4333:3, 4337:10PAGE [1] - 4275:2Pages [1] - 4272:17paint [1] - 4358:5pair [1] - 4384:21pan [1] - 4295:10PANEL [18] - 4272:6, 4273:2,

4275:8, 4275:11, 4275:17,4275:19, 4275:22, 4276:5,4276:7, 4276:13, 4324:25,4361:4, 4390:9, 4401:3,4413:4, 4460:22, 4470:25,4500:5

Panel [26] - 4273:3, 4273:4,4273:4, 4278:25, 4280:6,4303:14, 4319:24,4329:13, 4383:11,4383:12, 4400:6, 4408:21,4408:24, 4409:22,4411:24, 4426:16, 4435:7,4438:12, 4446:2, 4446:3,4447:20, 4456:20,4473:15, 4488:1, 4488:4,4523:2

Panel's [1] - 4519:14Panels [1] - 4447:12panic [2] - 4296:3, 4296:6panicked [1] - 4294:22parallel [1] - 4410:14pardon [3] - 4337:11,

4338:21, 4363:10parents [7] - 4293:2,

4294:22, 4380:6, 4383:17,4385:5, 4417:8, 4480:25

park [1] - 4398:1parked [1] - 4306:20Parker [2] - 4273:8, 4280:10parks [2] - 4334:25, 4496:17Parliament [1] - 4446:5part [37] - 4309:2, 4330:25,

4331:1, 4333:5, 4335:16,4340:1, 4346:22, 4364:11,4368:21, 4370:1, 4374:9,4382:1, 4387:6, 4387:10,4390:20, 4390:23,4390:25, 4391:4, 4411:3,4416:13, 4416:16, 4422:5,4458:6, 4458:9, 4459:24,4471:19, 4479:3, 4480:15,4482:7, 4488:7, 4489:14,4490:5, 4510:12, 4511:15,4516:22, 4524:8

Part [1] - 4371:8

participants [2] - 4513:13,4514:4

participate [3] - 4442:17,4512:18, 4524:15

participated [3] - 4444:25,4520:14, 4526:12

participating [1] - 4277:9particular [3] - 4309:23,

4340:20, 4525:19particularly [1] - 4340:15parties [2] - 4354:19,

4376:19PARTIES [1] - 4274:1partner [3] - 4278:1, 4354:1,

4354:3partnership [1] - 4372:17partnerships [2] - 4355:10,

4373:11parts [4] - 4346:16, 4370:21,

4397:16, 4495:4pass [10] - 4304:25, 4305:3,

4305:25, 4316:5, 4426:16,4428:25, 4432:17, 4435:6,4435:18, 4513:24

passage [1] - 4382:7passed [4] - 4321:5, 4321:7,

4447:11, 4486:1passing [1] - 4306:2passion [1] - 4351:25passionate [5] - 4329:23,

4330:19, 4331:19,4354:24, 4371:8

past [10] - 4292:15, 4349:7,4374:10, 4410:4, 4415:23,4491:6, 4496:14, 4507:24,4509:21, 4517:2

path [2] - 4347:4, 4382:21Pathways [5] - 4350:24,

4350:25, 4351:7, 4373:24,4374:10

patiently [1] - 4527:5Patricia [2] - 4273:10,

4278:12Patrick [5] - 4274:19,

4278:11, 4487:14,4487:24, 4524:21

PATRICK [2] - 4276:10,4487:22

pattern [1] - 4345:20pay [2] - 4452:5, 4522:12paying [1] - 4348:11payment [1] - 4292:9PCP [1] - 4312:12peace [2] - 4481:7, 4481:8Pendulum [1] - 4449:21Penn [1] - 4413:18People [83] - 4299:16,

4301:3, 4301:16, 4305:11,4320:21, 4320:22,4321:23, 4344:16,4344:20, 4356:14,

4364:25, 4370:22, 4372:2,4381:22, 4385:15,4389:20, 4397:6, 4404:24,4405:7, 4405:9, 4406:9,4407:18, 4407:24,4419:15, 4430:21,4440:16, 4442:2, 4445:25,4447:13, 4447:23,4450:14, 4455:2, 4458:8,4460:14, 4464:2, 4465:3,4466:4, 4466:9, 4466:17,4466:21, 4467:23, 4468:6,4472:15, 4473:22, 4479:6,4479:8, 4479:14, 4480:5,4480:9, 4480:22, 4480:24,4481:5, 4482:19, 4483:8,4483:21, 4484:6, 4484:13,4484:24, 4484:25, 4485:9,4485:12, 4485:18,4485:21, 4486:11,4486:19, 4486:25, 4491:3,4492:8, 4492:9, 4493:13,4494:2, 4502:11, 4504:19,4504:23, 4505:8, 4505:9,4505:22, 4507:13,4507:25, 4525:15,4525:17, 4525:20

people [175] - 4277:9,4280:4, 4282:22, 4283:14,4284:19, 4285:17,4285:22, 4287:20,4287:22, 4288:10,4289:11, 4293:19, 4294:5,4302:7, 4312:12, 4315:6,4315:8, 4318:20, 4319:11,4321:12, 4321:23, 4322:4,4323:13, 4327:12,4336:20, 4337:22,4337:23, 4337:25,4338:12, 4338:16,4339:20, 4340:9, 4341:7,4342:8, 4342:12, 4344:14,4344:16, 4344:17,4346:24, 4347:6, 4347:17,4347:18, 4348:2, 4349:2,4349:5, 4350:18, 4352:13,4353:8, 4353:21, 4353:23,4354:9, 4367:19, 4367:21,4371:6, 4371:9, 4371:15,4374:5, 4381:12, 4386:8,4386:10, 4386:11,4386:12, 4387:4, 4387:16,4391:10, 4394:23,4398:23, 4402:7, 4402:8,4406:3, 4407:5, 4410:25,4420:24, 4426:19, 4428:1,4430:4, 4430:24, 4433:5,4433:7, 4433:13, 4433:24,4434:3, 4434:13, 4435:3,4439:18, 4440:1, 4440:19,4440:21, 4440:22, 4441:3,4441:4, 4441:12, 4441:24,



26

4442:12, 4442:18, 4444:8,4445:8, 4445:12, 4446:1,4446:25, 4447:25, 4448:2,4448:3, 4448:9, 4448:21,4449:6, 4450:15, 4452:14,4452:22, 4453:15,4454:23, 4455:3, 4455:14,4455:23, 4456:4, 4458:19,4458:20, 4459:3, 4460:8,4460:13, 4461:8, 4462:13,4464:5, 4464:18, 4464:24,4465:5, 4465:8, 4466:13,4467:23, 4469:2, 4469:3,4469:5, 4470:4, 4472:21,4475:3, 4475:6, 4475:20,4479:7, 4479:25, 4480:20,4482:13, 4483:11,4484:12, 4484:13,4484:14, 4484:17, 4485:6,4485:7, 4485:10, 4486:12,4486:15, 4489:12, 4490:2,4490:3, 4491:7, 4494:7,4495:22, 4495:23,4496:10, 4496:20,4496:25, 4501:23, 4509:1,4509:3, 4509:24, 4510:4,4520:14, 4522:22,4525:11, 4527:1

people's [1] - 4410:1People's [1] - 4443:2Peoples [1] - 4336:13pepperweed [1] - 4495:10percent [4] - 4474:13,

4480:24, 4494:4, 4494:5Percy [3] - 4274:13, 4438:1,

4438:5PERCY [2] - 4276:2, 4438:3perennial [1] - 4495:10perfect [1] - 4505:21performed [1] - 4513:2Perhaps [2] - 4392:24,

4397:12perhaps [10] - 4308:24,

4358:7, 4392:22, 4417:4,4431:13, 4439:1, 4461:21,4471:4, 4501:8, 4522:11

period [2] - 4317:8, 4441:9perished [1] - 4285:11permeate [1] - 4410:9permission [1] - 4360:21permit [2] - 4360:16, 4522:18permits [1] - 4413:22permitting [3] - 4511:16,

4513:10persistence [1] - 4527:11person [8] - 4284:8, 4298:3,

4446:23, 4457:21,4465:17, 4468:20, 4509:5

person-to-person [1] -4509:5

personal [3] - 4346:15,

4386:6, 4438:18Personal [15] - 4274:3,

4274:5, 4274:6, 4274:7,4274:8, 4274:9, 4274:10,4274:11, 4274:13,4274:14, 4274:15,4274:16, 4274:17,4274:18, 4274:19

personally [2] - 4407:22,4521:14

perspective [11] - 4331:8,4331:9, 4332:3, 4340:11,4342:14, 4348:5, 4358:10,4360:18, 4374:7, 4472:13

perspectives [2] - 4357:17,4374:8

pesticide [1] - 4413:23pesticides [12] - 4413:10,

4413:14, 4413:15,4413:19, 4413:20,4413:24, 4414:1, 4414:4,4414:7, 4430:2, 4431:4,4432:24

Pestwewt [1] - 4469:17Pestwewtmc [3] - 4465:15,

4472:24, 4472:25Peter [1] - 4318:24Peters [1] - 4328:22PetroCan [1] - 4314:4petroglyph [4] - 4355:17,

4489:4, 4490:20, 4499:5petroglyphs [2] - 4350:16,

4385:21photographs [1] - 4429:12phrase [1] - 4410:13phrases [1] - 4504:16Phyllis [6] - 4342:25, 4343:1,

4343:2, 4361:9, 4361:22,4474:9

pick [17] - 4288:13, 4288:16,4291:12, 4293:6, 4298:22,4299:1, 4299:4, 4304:6,4304:9, 4313:10, 4329:25,4335:3, 4337:13, 4380:23,4381:2, 4394:7, 4501:1

picked [4] - 4297:6, 4298:24,4326:5, 4382:4

picking [18] - 4288:3,4297:9, 4297:13, 4304:10,4305:4, 4310:10, 4327:3,4327:6, 4327:11, 4380:18,4380:19, 4394:5, 4394:17,4424:1, 4424:4, 4427:23,4428:3, 4451:2

Picnics [1] - 4432:4picnics [1] - 4432:5pictographs [4] - 4350:16,

4489:6, 4489:10, 4490:22picture [5] - 4358:5, 4448:7,

4448:10, 4454:7, 4507:6pictures [4] - 4355:15,

4415:24, 4416:5, 4424:20piercing [1] - 4451:25pies [1] - 4299:5pin [2] - 4293:20, 4294:8pine [4] - 4422:1, 4496:22,

4509:25, 4518:16pinnacle [1] - 4350:1pipeline [1] - 4444:24Pisxe7lem [3] - 4381:14,

4381:21, 4384:22Pit [1] - 4449:20pit [20] - 4349:8, 4411:13,

4449:21, 4454:8, 4454:13,4464:9, 4483:17, 4484:9,4489:18, 4489:20,4490:21, 4497:24,4498:18, 4499:7, 4499:8,4499:9, 4499:10, 4505:18,4507:6

pitch [6] - 4289:2, 4289:3,4289:6, 4293:6, 4299:9,4387:9

pits [2] - 4450:11, 4499:12place [45] - 4284:2, 4284:22,

4289:21, 4290:4, 4298:21,4311:9, 4317:8, 4317:22,4322:2, 4322:4, 4322:6,4322:8, 4322:14, 4323:11,4340:18, 4345:9, 4345:10,4346:19, 4355:9, 4362:4,4362:5, 4363:1, 4363:8,4363:18, 4377:15,4383:15, 4395:22, 4398:1,4398:3, 4399:8, 4399:17,4399:24, 4407:13, 4417:8,4430:16, 4447:12, 4451:9,4453:9, 4455:22, 4465:25,4466:23, 4480:10,4492:12, 4528:8

placed [1] - 4374:20placement [2] - 4511:10,

4515:4places [29] - 4300:9, 4301:2,

4303:21, 4313:9, 4320:24,4321:21, 4322:9, 4322:11,4339:1, 4342:7, 4346:20,4350:6, 4351:5, 4356:20,4365:2, 4365:22, 4369:2,4369:25, 4371:25,4392:10, 4393:20, 4395:6,4395:10, 4396:4, 4413:13,4453:17, 4455:1, 4455:11,4483:20

placing [1] - 4523:23plan [4] - 4331:10, 4369:4,

4511:19, 4517:2Plan [4] - 4512:16, 4513:20,

4518:21, 4519:21plankton [1] - 4311:14planktons [1] - 4311:11planned [3] - 4308:20,

4500:11, 4500:17Planning [1] - 4519:2planning [17] - 4328:3,

4328:12, 4331:2, 4333:5,4353:4, 4359:24, 4366:16,4368:2, 4375:6, 4376:11,4377:14, 4511:5, 4512:12,4512:18, 4512:21,4512:24, 4518:20

plans [13] - 4352:3, 4352:4,4374:17, 4375:22, 4376:3,4378:11, 4465:7, 4474:20,4509:1, 4511:15, 4514:1,4517:9, 4519:3

Plans [1] - 4513:21plant [17] - 4283:4, 4283:18,

4287:20, 4303:15,4305:10, 4306:22,4306:25, 4307:4, 4307:8,4320:9, 4326:8, 4335:21,4347:5, 4414:24, 4516:18,4516:24, 4521:2

Plant [1] - 4517:18planted [2] - 4307:1, 4458:3plants [43] - 4283:21,

4284:11, 4286:15,4290:24, 4300:10,4305:10, 4306:15,4306:17, 4307:9, 4307:20,4308:6, 4309:25, 4315:25,4319:20, 4319:21, 4320:6,4323:18, 4323:20, 4325:6,4325:8, 4325:11, 4325:21,4325:22, 4325:25,4326:14, 4337:22, 4381:2,4392:9, 4413:17, 4415:1,4426:6, 4428:21, 4494:19,4494:24, 4494:25, 4495:3,4495:19, 4495:21,4516:17, 4517:3, 4517:8,4517:11, 4525:17

plastic [1] - 4325:16plateau [1] - 4493:5plateaus [1] - 4472:9plays [1] - 4418:7pleased [1] - 4279:24pleasure [2] - 4412:23,

4457:5plenty [2] - 4290:17, 4303:23plethora [1] - 4334:25plume [1] - 4495:6plumeless [1] - 4495:11plus [1] - 4385:1PM [1] - 4527:20pockets [1] - 4348:14Poe [1] - 4449:20poem [1] - 4382:12point [25] - 4320:8, 4320:9,

4328:7, 4333:7, 4343:6,4350:1, 4363:14, 4366:7,4375:11, 4376:2, 4378:12,



27

4390:13, 4404:22,4405:11, 4470:20, 4471:5,4488:2, 4492:17, 4493:22,4494:11, 4501:6, 4501:9,4501:15, 4507:16, 4514:17

pointed [1] - 4493:1pointer [1] - 4487:16pointless [1] - 4488:16points [2] - 4477:25, 4497:2poisoning [1] - 4289:12polar [2] - 4312:6, 4312:13pole [2] - 4511:9, 4515:5poles [3] - 4496:20, 4515:2,

4515:17policies [2] - 4509:1,

4511:24Policy [1] - 4523:12policy [1] - 4356:8pollen [2] - 4413:18, 4414:2polls [1] - 4440:19pollutants [2] - 4415:5,

4415:8pollute [4] - 4451:6, 4451:11,

4522:15, 4522:20pollution [3] - 4289:24,

4302:6, 4303:11Pollution [1] - 4382:19pond [1] - 4411:10ponds [1] - 4450:20poor [3] - 4287:2, 4443:17,

4516:18pop [1] - 4359:21popped [1] - 4333:1popular [4] - 4399:8,

4399:17, 4399:20, 4399:23population [3] - 4343:11,

4343:14, 4510:1porcupine [8] - 4290:13,

4383:24, 4384:2, 4384:14,4384:24, 4385:3, 4385:7,4485:2

porcupines [1] - 4485:2Porcupines [1] - 4485:4portion [1] - 4389:25position [1] - 4440:22positioning [1] - 4515:20positive [2] - 4368:12,

4371:4positives [1] - 4324:9possibilities [2] - 4333:13,

4362:22possibility [3] - 4353:9,

4493:12, 4500:9possible [4] - 4451:19,

4456:8, 4517:19, 4521:7post [1] - 4361:24post-secondary [1] -

4361:24poster [1] - 4482:12posts [2] - 4450:7, 4482:11potatoes [2] - 4292:13,

4320:18potential [15] - 4362:23,

4363:6, 4368:19, 4378:11,4479:20, 4491:20, 4492:6,4492:20, 4493:4, 4494:12,4502:15, 4510:24,4516:21, 4517:22, 4519:15

potentially [2] - 4495:4,4519:17

potlatch [2] - 4440:15,4441:16

potlatches [1] - 4441:12poultice [1] - 4289:13pounds [1] - 4420:20poverty [1] - 4475:16poverty" [1] - 4450:1Pow [1] - 4337:15power [31] - 4304:4, 4304:12,

4325:6, 4325:9, 4325:13,4326:1, 4335:14, 4345:2,4345:5, 4352:7, 4362:13,4362:16, 4362:18,4363:17, 4375:16,4375:18, 4398:13,4400:17, 4400:21,4401:13, 4401:16, 4403:1,4414:25, 4429:24,4449:12, 4451:5, 4468:13,4486:11, 4519:17, 4519:24

powerful [2] - 4482:6,4482:16

PowerPoint [1] - 4331:16PR [2] - 4449:15, 4449:16practice [1] - 4489:8Practices [1] - 4512:5practices [1] - 4387:5practising [2] - 4283:8,

4370:18pray [2] - 4482:18, 4486:12PRAYER [2] - 4275:3, 4277:1prayer [3] - 4277:17,

4279:15, 4527:18prayers [3] - 4387:12,

4487:3, 4527:7praying [1] - 4277:3precious [4] - 4336:6,

4336:7, 4419:13, 4444:3precisely [1] - 4513:4predicted [1] - 4410:8prefer [2] - 4402:4, 4402:9preference [1] - 4523:24preferred [2] - 4398:23,

4520:15preliminary [2] - 4341:18,

4365:18Premiers [1] - 4330:5prenatal [1] - 4311:5preparation [1] - 4359:24prepare [4] - 4476:11,

4481:14, 4487:3, 4526:13prepared [5] - 4288:22,

4354:17, 4363:15, 4368:4,4378:21

preparing [3] - 4368:5,4368:22, 4525:24

presence [2] - 4328:25,4382:7

present [1] - 4334:13PRESENTATION [30] -

4275:5, 4275:9, 4275:15,4275:18, 4275:20,4275:21, 4275:23,4275:24, 4276:2, 4276:3,4276:4, 4276:6, 4276:8,4276:9, 4276:10, 4282:17,4328:14, 4379:13,4391:24, 4404:7, 4408:19,4415:16, 4429:19, 4438:3,4439:7, 4457:9, 4462:15,4473:12, 4478:18, 4487:22

presentation [21] - 4331:16,4377:22, 4378:9, 4389:16,4413:6, 4413:8, 4414:19,4415:11, 4415:22, 4437:4,4438:12, 4443:7, 4456:25,4462:12, 4473:7, 4478:13,4497:3, 4500:7, 4502:6,4502:21, 4503:24

presentations [2] - 4508:22,4525:12

presented [4] - 4343:2,4412:20, 4416:13, 4438:17

PRESENTERS [1] - 4274:1presenters [1] - 4401:1presenting [1] - 4508:15presently [1] - 4514:25preserve [1] - 4364:19preserved [2] - 4291:7,

4335:1preserving [5] - 4284:11,

4291:2, 4334:16, 4334:17President [1] - 4280:22pressure [2] - 4411:20,

4422:19pretty [23] - 4284:7, 4287:5,

4344:4, 4357:22, 4392:18,4399:19, 4417:12,4417:19, 4417:21,4420:19, 4430:11,4431:10, 4434:23,4434:25, 4446:9, 4457:25,4458:12, 4468:6, 4469:1,4473:17, 4496:13,4496:16, 4506:19

prevent [2] - 4517:2, 4517:9previous [2] - 4509:23,

4523:11prices [1] - 4449:9pride [2] - 4360:7, 4380:20primary [6] - 4339:24,

4346:6, 4346:7, 4364:14,4368:25, 4373:14

prime [1] - 4422:15Prime [1] - 4449:4principal [1] - 4409:8priorities [1] - 4518:22priority [3] - 4372:11,

4372:13, 4373:6prisoner's [1] - 4477:2pristine [3] - 4340:20,

4350:14, 4364:23private [1] - 4510:7privilege [3] - 4329:2,

4442:23, 4445:13privileged [1] - 4522:6probability [1] - 4499:22probe [1] - 4358:4problem [6] - 4368:4,

4368:6, 4413:16, 4449:17,4452:3, 4452:23

problems [3] - 4287:21,4449:23, 4476:10

procedures [3] - 4280:2,4281:3, 4513:9

Procedures [1] - 4282:1proceed [6] - 4328:11,

4368:4, 4446:8, 4462:17,4487:21, 4502:24

proceedings [2] - 4528:7,4528:10

PROCEEDINGS [7] -4272:13, 4275:1, 4275:13,4276:18, 4379:4, 4379:5,4527:20

Process [1] - 4520:7process [24] - 4280:12,

4332:22, 4332:23,4332:24, 4338:14,4344:12, 4411:2, 4413:22,4422:5, 4422:23, 4448:19,4454:18, 4504:14,4505:15, 4505:21,4505:25, 4506:3, 4511:16,4515:16, 4522:17, 4525:11

processes [1] - 4448:24produce [1] - 4450:20produces [1] - 4440:21producing [2] - 4338:11,

4382:22product [5] - 4284:6,

4332:13, 4336:23,4354:21, 4371:3

products [6] - 4337:12,4338:6, 4339:11, 4339:23,4341:22, 4419:9

professors [1] - 4361:24profit [2] - 4451:12, 4452:13program [4] - 4390:19,

4390:21, 4391:2, 4391:12programs [1] - 4517:13progress [2] - 4406:6,

4507:8PROJECT [1] - 4272:2



28

Project [33] - 4280:20,4375:5, 4378:11, 4410:20,4410:22, 4414:10,4414:17, 4446:8, 4448:11,4449:10, 4450:2, 4501:21,4510:13, 4511:1, 4511:4,4512:15, 4513:8, 4513:18,4516:8, 4516:14, 4516:20,4518:5, 4518:25, 4519:5,4519:14, 4520:1, 4521:4,4521:16, 4523:3, 4523:7,4523:13, 4523:17, 4524:2

Projects [1] - 4525:19projects [1] - 4374:21promise [1] - 4452:4promises [3] - 4455:23,

4455:24, 4524:1promotion [1] - 4353:5pronounce [1] - 4404:20propaganda [1] - 4454:2proper [2] - 4511:2, 4511:4properly [2] - 4328:16,

4510:18property [2] - 4407:8,

4414:22proponent [1] - 4452:19proposal [8] - 4353:6,

4374:15, 4375:2, 4375:15,4375:17, 4411:8, 4411:22,4444:20

propose [1] - 4515:6proposed [22] - 4320:1,

4322:24, 4368:18,4388:15, 4390:4, 4409:20,4410:20, 4411:7, 4412:5,4432:19, 4435:1, 4491:25,4492:15, 4493:2, 4501:5,4501:10, 4502:12,4513:23, 4515:1, 4518:5,4525:19

proposes [1] - 4519:20proposing [3] - 4430:8,

4516:24, 4518:25prosperity [2] - 4453:3,

4522:23Prosperity [15] - 4280:20,

4320:1, 4382:13, 4382:14,4409:21, 4411:7, 4411:25,4438:20, 4449:14,4451:22, 4451:23, 4453:2,4516:20, 4522:23

PROSPERITY [1] - 4272:2protect [4] - 4295:25,

4507:4, 4511:19, 4511:25protected [4] - 4334:24,

4356:4, 4445:22, 4501:19protecting [3] - 4278:24,

4403:3, 4474:4protection [3] - 4407:11,

4447:12, 4501:23protectors [1] - 4295:22

Protestant [1] - 4454:11protocols [2] - 4356:23,

4357:2proud [2] - 4505:2, 4505:4prove [1] - 4441:10provide [8] - 4365:9,

4368:12, 4375:16,4455:16, 4498:21,4499:15, 4499:17, 4512:6

provided [3] - 4384:7,4466:20, 4526:2

provider [1] - 4384:7providing [5] - 4356:13,

4367:10, 4368:10, 4494:2,4494:9

Province [9] - 4372:8,4372:10, 4372:18, 4373:1,4373:20, 4443:14,4500:14, 4501:6, 4522:2

province [8] - 4354:12,4357:12, 4360:13, 4371:2,4372:14, 4447:5, 4495:5,4495:24

Province's [1] - 4523:12Provinces [1] - 4528:4provincial [2] - 4372:21,

4373:16Provincial [6] - 4374:2,

4497:11, 4500:14,4520:20, 4522:18, 4523:18

provincially [2] - 4358:1,4452:14

proximity [1] - 4518:7PUBLIC [1] - 4272:6public [11] - 4309:25,

4350:8, 4355:24, 4408:25,4459:9, 4476:23, 4510:15,4510:22, 4511:19, 4512:7,4520:14

pull [1] - 4341:11pulling [3] - 4424:11, 4476:8,

4509:10pullout [1] - 4430:18pups [1] - 4424:14purchase [1] - 4448:8pure [1] - 4422:15purely [1] - 4452:19purity [1] - 4444:16purple [1] - 4495:12purpose [3] - 4350:21,

4379:23, 4515:11purposes [5] - 4328:12,

4384:16, 4389:7, 4389:11,4523:14

PURSUANT [1] - 4272:7pursue [1] - 4389:22pursuing [1] - 4514:14purview [2] - 4446:9, 4448:5pushed [3] - 4397:9,

4397:18, 4480:20Put [1] - 4487:1

put [50] - 4288:24, 4291:16,4293:22, 4293:23, 4295:9,4296:13, 4305:12,4306:20, 4308:23,4322:21, 4323:6, 4323:8,4323:9, 4323:16, 4324:5,4324:14, 4325:14, 4329:6,4329:10, 4341:20,4347:15, 4349:9, 4351:9,4381:23, 4384:24,4386:19, 4400:10, 4407:4,4407:11, 4407:15,4421:20, 4422:8, 4422:18,4422:19, 4425:4, 4430:8,4435:10, 4446:11,4446:13, 4450:21,4469:16, 4475:23, 4476:4,4483:5, 4486:20, 4486:22,4488:11, 4493:10, 4494:15

put-upon [1] - 4347:15putting [12] - 4309:1, 4329:7,

4347:23, 4369:4, 4376:1,4377:16, 4398:12,4421:25, 4422:16, 4423:3,4501:16

pyramids [1] - 4355:22Pyskykl [2] - 4298:12qit'em [1] - 4293:16quad [1] - 4510:11quads [1] - 4434:7Quality [1] - 4513:22quality [2] - 4287:2, 4448:8quantities [1] - 4455:19Quebec [1] - 4331:25Quelmucw [1] - 4333:16Quesnel [1] - 4373:23questioning [2] - 4327:20,

4473:6QUESTIONS [26] - 4275:7,

4275:8, 4275:10, 4275:11,4275:16, 4275:17,4275:19, 4275:22, 4276:1,4276:5, 4276:7, 4276:12,4276:13, 4316:23,4324:25, 4351:21, 4361:4,4388:8, 4390:9, 4401:3,4413:4, 4435:22, 4460:22,4470:25, 4497:7, 4500:5

Questions [1] - 4471:1questions [51] - 4282:2,

4316:22, 4317:4, 4319:19,4330:17, 4351:18,4360:15, 4360:24, 4365:6,4368:3, 4372:5, 4383:9,4388:5, 4391:18, 4400:25,4403:13, 4403:16,4403:18, 4403:22,4403:23, 4404:1, 4408:14,4408:15, 4413:2, 4413:3,4429:9, 4429:10, 4432:18,4435:20, 4436:25, 4437:3,4439:3, 4456:11, 4456:15,

4456:20, 4456:22,4456:25, 4460:19,4471:23, 4478:11,4478:12, 4487:9, 4487:10,4497:5, 4500:3, 4501:3,4502:20, 4503:14, 4504:3,4516:1, 4516:3

quick [6] - 4294:18, 4334:22,4335:9, 4354:18, 4416:7

quickly [1] - 4440:8quiggly [1] - 4349:7quills [1] - 4384:24Quilt [1] - 4484:23quite [26] - 4289:23, 4291:12,

4293:4, 4294:3, 4294:19,4299:3, 4308:14, 4319:10,4339:7, 4368:4, 4374:16,4383:19, 4385:8, 4408:16,4421:5, 4422:12, 4429:21,4430:1, 4433:18, 4433:23,4434:2, 4446:11, 4448:20,4456:10, 4463:24, 4473:1

quota [1] - 4301:22rabbits [2] - 4295:18, 4384:5race [1] - 4447:3Racelle [7] - 4274:5, 4282:9,

4328:3, 4328:17, 4505:5,4505:7, 4517:20

RACELLE [2] - 4275:9,4328:14

rack [1] - 4296:10racks [2] - 4290:7, 4291:17Radio [1] - 4356:13rafting [11] - 4300:24,

4301:13, 4343:4, 4347:2,4361:6, 4361:14, 4362:11,4362:13, 4362:20, 4514:4

rafts [2] - 4321:1, 4361:24ragwort [1] - 4495:16railroad [3] - 4327:4, 4327:5,

4327:15railroads [1] - 4327:14Rainbow [1] - 4433:3raise [3] - 4328:24, 4409:15,

4502:15raised [14] - 4282:3, 4283:20,

4283:22, 4284:4, 4317:21,4361:17, 4403:9, 4403:13,4403:18, 4440:15, 4513:6,4519:25, 4520:25

ran [2] - 4444:21, 4466:18ranch [4] - 4440:1, 4501:18,

4502:1, 4502:3Ranch [9] - 4297:7, 4313:24,

4393:11, 4394:24, 4399:7,4418:13, 4420:21,4425:12, 4518:9

rancher [1] - 4510:8ranchers [2] - 4307:14,

4392:17ranches [3] - 4489:19,



29

4518:7, 4518:10ranching [1] - 4459:23range [16] - 4375:4, 4466:7,

4467:4, 4467:5, 4467:8,4467:20, 4468:16,4471:24, 4472:7, 4472:11,4472:15, 4472:19, 4473:1,4490:14, 4490:20, 4497:25

Range [2] - 4511:17, 4512:4rank [1] - 4441:7rarely [2] - 4288:18, 4289:14rate [2] - 4440:4, 4441:17rather [2] - 4324:17, 4519:18Raven [1] - 4521:23Raymond [2] - 4318:9,

4319:2RCR [3] - 4274:23, 4528:3,

4528:19reach [1] - 4348:14reached [2] - 4283:8, 4284:1read [17] - 4305:8, 4305:9,

4305:14, 4310:18,4310:23, 4311:10,4311:12, 4312:10,4371:24, 4406:8, 4412:7,4444:20, 4483:22, 4489:2,4498:5, 4498:6, 4504:12

readable [1] - 4498:12reading [1] - 4312:20ready [7] - 4379:7, 4422:18,

4462:16, 4487:18,4487:20, 4503:8, 4503:9

real [6] - 4286:24, 4302:25,4425:7, 4431:1, 4461:6,4506:13

reality [6] - 4352:12,4353:20, 4446:14, 4448:6,4512:14, 4524:9

realize [1] - 4299:2realized [5] - 4295:12,

4319:2, 4326:9, 4340:7,4508:8

really [54] - 4279:4, 4285:13,4286:2, 4292:3, 4295:4,4313:11, 4334:1, 4335:7,4337:24, 4344:13,4347:20, 4348:23,4349:11, 4352:25, 4355:7,4355:8, 4361:16, 4361:18,4361:19, 4368:15,4372:25, 4381:16, 4384:2,4384:6, 4400:1, 4417:24,4418:18, 4419:7, 4419:11,4426:21, 4428:9, 4428:13,4430:25, 4432:24,4434:15, 4435:10,4435:11, 4435:12,4439:16, 4447:3, 4462:3,4473:19, 4482:4, 4493:15,4494:14, 4504:4, 4504:9,4504:13, 4505:4, 4508:18,

4508:22, 4508:23, 4509:2Realtime [2] - 4528:4,

4528:20reams [1] - 4351:8reason [7] - 4281:12, 4370:1,

4404:20, 4455:14,4491:18, 4493:25, 4522:11

reasonable [3] - 4444:17,4514:22, 4515:20

reasons [5] - 4319:12,4319:13, 4388:12,4398:22, 4452:3

received [4] - 4525:13,4525:14, 4525:18, 4526:1

receiving [1] - 4412:19recent [3] - 4349:19,

4409:24, 4413:17recently [2] - 4346:4, 4474:8reciprocity [1] - 4410:16reclaim [1] - 4469:19reclamation [1] - 4522:14recognize [4] - 4281:22,

4315:6, 4411:3, 4427:10recognized [3] - 4311:15,

4445:21, 4514:2recognizes [1] - 4516:20recognizing [1] - 4356:21recommendations [2] -

4449:2, 4508:16recommends [1] - 4411:24reconcile [3] - 4352:12,

4374:14, 4375:8RECONVENE [2] - 4276:19,

4527:21record [13] - 4274:1,

4281:15, 4283:6, 4318:17,4350:22, 4438:20,4438:24, 4470:20, 4480:1,4495:2, 4506:3, 4506:7,4516:25

recorded [6] - 4281:19,4483:21, 4490:16, 4492:5,4492:21, 4492:22

recording [1] - 4483:24records [1] - 4318:16recreate [1] - 4510:5recreation [2] - 4339:14,

4510:17recreational [2] - 4489:5,

4518:20red [1] - 4294:3Redstone [1] - 4523:6reducing [1] - 4400:16reference [8] - 4317:5,

4321:16, 4352:6, 4355:18,4389:15, 4499:21,4504:18, 4521:14

Reference [1] - 4513:5referenced [1] - 4504:21references [1] - 4412:6referral [1] - 4370:6

referred [4] - 4306:14,4312:11, 4368:23, 4432:20

referring [9] - 4309:23,4322:24, 4354:19, 4389:8,4436:21, 4470:21,4484:13, 4497:8, 4497:20

refers [2] - 4349:23, 4410:11refresher [1] - 4335:19regalias [1] - 4384:18regard [7] - 4410:17,

4410:23, 4412:4, 4412:7,4446:7, 4513:12, 4524:21

regard" [1] - 4410:13regarding [5] - 4306:5,

4395:19, 4438:12,4457:15, 4458:18

regards [1] - 4416:4regenerate [1] - 4340:19region [7] - 4354:10,

4354:11, 4356:20,4362:17, 4376:6

regional [1] - 4329:22regions [2] - 4344:17, 4373:7registered [5] - 4318:12,

4318:21, 4439:14,4497:10, 4498:1

REGISTRY [1] - 4272:3regret [1] - 4522:9regular [1] - 4298:15regularly [1] - 4356:12regulations [1] - 4521:6reinforced [2] - 4347:8,

4347:9reinforcing [1] - 4358:17relate [1] - 4285:23related [7] - 4324:16, 4372:6,

4414:7, 4414:18, 4501:21,4512:25, 4520:25

relation [1] - 4320:4relations [2] - 4381:25relationship [3] - 4372:7,

4443:8, 4499:24relationships [1] - 4445:3relative [2] - 4310:10, 4364:1relatively [3] - 4340:20,

4350:14, 4409:12relatives [9] - 4285:19,

4285:21, 4298:25, 4310:5,4322:17, 4327:1, 4327:8,4392:11, 4404:12

release [1] - 4296:12relevant [1] - 4519:13reliable [1] - 4512:8remain [1] - 4345:20remains [4] - 4480:13,

4480:16, 4490:22, 4499:10REMARKS [4] - 4276:14,

4276:15, 4503:18, 4509:15remarks [10] - 4503:2,

4503:13, 4503:16,4509:14, 4515:7, 4515:22,

4521:11, 4522:8, 4525:8,4526:8

remember [38] - 4284:21,4284:25, 4286:7, 4286:11,4286:15, 4290:4, 4290:11,4290:14, 4291:1, 4291:17,4291:19, 4291:23,4295:17, 4296:1, 4296:3,4296:8, 4297:24, 4299:8,4299:10, 4301:18,4301:23, 4302:24,4308:13, 4309:6, 4310:9,4317:11, 4319:9, 4320:13,4322:1, 4342:12, 4383:24,4393:21, 4405:19,4439:23, 4456:1, 4476:17,4481:15

remembered [1] - 4289:21remind [1] - 4281:3reminder [1] - 4342:22reminding [2] - 4342:23,

4344:1reminds [3] - 4342:18,

4350:18, 4449:20remote [4] - 4292:22, 4359:9,

4387:22, 4510:5remove [1] - 4520:19removed [1] - 4319:11rendered [1] - 4289:8renewable [2] - 4490:6,

4490:11repatriating [1] - 4340:5repeat [1] - 4351:24report [5] - 4329:25,

4334:21, 4341:16, 4391:7,4525:24

reporter [1] - 4281:6Reporter [2] - 4528:4,

4528:20REPORTER'S [1] - 4528:1reporters [1] - 4348:9REPORTING [1] - 4274:22Reporting [1] - 4274:23representation [1] - 4344:11representative [2] - 4330:12,

4515:15represented [1] - 4357:11representing [3] - 4447:17,

4447:18, 4447:20represents [1] - 4440:18reproductive [1] - 4311:3required [2] - 4513:4,

4520:19research [7] - 4329:25,

4330:23, 4365:24, 4369:1,4377:14, 4414:1, 4480:14

Research [2] - 4409:24,4410:24

researched [2] - 4371:24,4374:24

researchers [3] - 4410:5,



30

4410:11, 4413:20reseed [1] - 4326:6reseeded [1] - 4326:9reseeding [1] - 4326:6Reserve [12] - 4272:23,

4306:21, 4318:25,4343:14, 4361:18,4361:20, 4371:10,4415:20, 4473:17,4484:22, 4486:15, 4486:16

Reserves [2] - 4287:25,4486:14

reset [1] - 4419:24reset-up [1] - 4419:24residential [1] - 4404:17Residential [10] - 4283:25,

4284:6, 4292:19, 4293:4,4293:14, 4380:9, 4393:12,4474:10, 4474:12, 4480:23

residents [1] - 4411:5resilient [1] - 4407:20resolve [1] - 4450:4resort [2] - 4355:6, 4373:11resorted [1] - 4416:1resorts [1] - 4518:7Resource [1] - 4513:21resource [6] - 4358:4,

4405:21, 4406:25,4444:15, 4444:16, 4490:6

resources [9] - 4340:17,4353:8, 4359:9, 4364:10,4397:6, 4405:22, 4407:25,4490:8

respect [15] - 4285:13,4292:9, 4296:19, 4341:9,4354:4, 4357:20, 4414:20,4438:16, 4446:4, 4477:24,4478:4, 4521:12, 4522:25,4524:19

respected [1] - 4296:18respond [8] - 4282:2,

4332:10, 4375:13,4403:23, 4416:8, 4456:9,4456:13, 4509:13

responded [1] - 4500:1responding [1] - 4403:16response [2] - 4403:14,

4503:14responsibility [2] - 4442:9,

4476:15responsible [3] - 4296:18,

4382:24, 4444:17rest [8] - 4290:9, 4367:3,

4378:23, 4456:5, 4465:5,4467:12, 4475:2, 4476:19

restrict [1] - 4511:20restrictions [1] - 4374:20result [5] - 4325:7, 4440:20,

4509:25, 4519:9, 4519:23resurface [1] - 4482:9retains [1] - 4520:23

retention [1] - 4339:8Retrievers [1] - 4295:20return [1] - 4467:13returned [2] - 4296:19,

4312:21Revenue [1] - 4523:12revenue [5] - 4339:20,

4358:11, 4365:14,4367:11, 4514:13

REVIEW [1] - 4272:6Review [5] - 4409:22,

4411:24, 4447:11,4447:20, 4520:7

review [4] - 4446:7, 4520:14,4522:18, 4525:24

revitalization [2] - 4339:9,4377:24

rich [2] - 4349:16, 4444:12rid [3] - 4307:4, 4307:17,

4325:21ride [1] - 4393:25riding [3] - 4362:24, 4369:10,

4510:10rifle [2] - 4295:17, 4296:6right-of-way [2] - 4326:1,

4513:24right-of-ways [1] - 4455:9rightfully [1] - 4447:18rights [4] - 4370:19, 4445:20,

4448:17, 4469:1Rights [1] - 4445:23rigour [1] - 4410:7rip [1] - 4323:17ripe [1] - 4289:18Risk [1] - 4496:7risk [8] - 4446:22, 4446:24,

4496:3, 4496:6, 4496:18,4496:24, 4506:15, 4510:23

river [58] - 4300:15, 4300:16,4300:17, 4300:20, 4301:2,4301:19, 4302:2, 4302:6,4310:17, 4310:20,4310:22, 4313:2, 4313:4,4317:6, 4317:12, 4318:11,4318:19, 4318:25,4319:12, 4319:17,4320:14, 4321:1, 4324:4,4335:25, 4338:25,4362:13, 4374:6, 4383:19,4383:21, 4384:3, 4385:21,4388:25, 4390:13, 4394:6,4398:24, 4399:2, 4399:18,4399:23, 4402:5, 4402:10,4402:13, 4402:17,4418:12, 4422:4, 4429:13,4430:12, 4459:23,4463:14, 4463:22, 4464:2,4471:24, 4471:25, 4472:3,4483:10, 4492:8, 4492:16,4499:24

River [32] - 4291:3, 4292:20,

4300:24, 4301:11,4302:22, 4310:19,4312:18, 4343:3, 4349:4,4359:11, 4365:1, 4388:14,4394:6, 4411:16, 4415:6,4415:7, 4416:17, 4427:2,4439:14, 4463:5, 4476:9,4488:19, 4493:6, 4493:10,4507:21, 4508:6, 4510:11,4514:3, 4515:24, 4516:11,4516:15

Rivers [2] - 4333:22, 4382:21rivers [2] - 4365:1, 4426:1road [40] - 4289:19, 4308:10,

4308:16, 4309:1, 4309:10,4309:13, 4309:21, 4323:6,4323:12, 4324:3, 4325:16,4389:1, 4389:5, 4389:6,4397:9, 4397:18, 4401:14,4402:25, 4403:1, 4414:14,4425:2, 4426:24, 4426:25,4427:6, 4427:14, 4428:18,4430:17, 4434:21,4434:23, 4434:24,4459:13, 4464:9, 4472:8,4479:17, 4488:24,4493:10, 4526:4

Road [9] - 4308:5, 4308:9,4308:24, 4322:20, 4323:8,4324:13, 4407:12,4427:18, 4433:17

roads [34] - 4289:24,4307:11, 4309:5, 4323:8,4323:23, 4324:5, 4324:14,4324:17, 4324:20,4327:13, 4327:16,4358:21, 4392:9, 4393:9,4393:22, 4393:23,4398:19, 4401:19,4401:21, 4401:23,4401:25, 4402:1, 4403:1,4403:21, 4428:7, 4428:9,4434:16, 4434:17, 4459:5,4459:6, 4510:1

roadsides [1] - 4495:1roadways [1] - 4479:16roamed [1] - 4466:18roaring [1] - 4387:25Robbing [1] - 4382:15Robbins [3] - 4278:7,

4279:18, 4282:10Robert [3] - 4273:3, 4446:17rock [9] - 4300:19, 4301:6,

4419:4, 4489:4, 4489:6,4489:7, 4489:9, 4489:13,4499:10

rocks [5] - 4300:19, 4301:4,4350:17, 4385:22, 4490:21

Rod [12] - 4273:14, 4280:18,4356:7, 4440:16, 4441:19,4442:15, 4443:9, 4443:10,4444:21, 4450:5, 4450:10,

4451:2Rod's [1] - 4451:1rode [1] - 4295:23Roger [3] - 4278:6, 4439:10,

4505:22Roger's [1] - 4439:10role [2] - 4306:1, 4380:19romanticized [1] - 4346:12Ronzio [2] - 4273:7, 4280:9roof [3] - 4291:5, 4291:6rook [1] - 4301:9room [6] - 4280:10, 4356:22,

4437:14, 4437:24,4456:18, 4506:24

root [1] - 4292:13rooted [4] - 4360:4, 4371:14,

4371:18roots [6] - 4282:20, 4329:22,

4357:14, 4357:15,4405:10, 4410:9

ropes [1] - 4489:8rose [1] - 4338:9Rose [2] - 4349:22, 4394:18ROSEMARY [2] - 4276:8,

4473:12Rosemary [5] - 4274:17,

4473:10, 4473:15,4473:16, 4524:4

Rosette [1] - 4319:3Rosie [1] - 4506:9rough [2] - 4394:1, 4401:14roughly [3] - 4292:2, 4375:4,

4471:7Roughly [1] - 4343:14round [2] - 4416:2, 4466:1route [7] - 4357:14, 4400:9,

4403:20, 4432:21,4505:23, 4518:11, 4520:10

routes [2] - 4411:18, 4520:9RPR [3] - 4274:23, 4528:3,

4528:19rubbed [1] - 4489:7rubbing [2] - 4489:9,

4489:10ruin [1] - 4458:14ruining [2] - 4460:13, 4462:6rule [1] - 4476:12rumbling [1] - 4421:20run [7] - 4400:20, 4405:24,

4409:2, 4420:13, 4428:11,4442:19, 4442:20

Runka [2] - 4512:22, 4513:7Runka's [1] - 4512:25running [2] - 4294:24,

4467:25runs [3] - 4424:9, 4436:16,

4510:23rural [2] - 4359:9, 4386:11Rush [2] - 4351:1, 4358:20rush [1] - 4408:6sacred [6] - 4340:5, 4355:18,



31

4355:19, 4356:2, 4356:11,4510:21

sad [3] - 4406:5, 4461:4,4468:10

saddest [1] - 4407:9safe [7] - 4277:10, 4407:13,

4423:25, 4424:10,4460:10, 4512:8, 4527:7

safety [2] - 4386:6, 4386:9Safeway [1] - 4419:9Sage [2] - 4335:22, 4344:22sage [4] - 4287:15, 4338:10,

4387:9sages [1] - 4410:8sales [2] - 4337:16, 4448:1Salmon [2] - 4314:9, 4314:10salmon [55] - 4284:15,

4284:17, 4284:19,4284:20, 4285:6, 4285:13,4285:15, 4286:1, 4291:15,4291:16, 4292:25,4302:25, 4303:1, 4311:19,4312:19, 4313:25, 4314:4,4314:11, 4314:16,4314:20, 4314:23, 4381:9,4381:13, 4384:8, 4418:9,4418:18, 4418:22, 4419:8,4419:11, 4419:13,4420:10, 4420:13,4420:19, 4421:9, 4422:15,4443:17, 4444:3, 4458:25,4467:14, 4467:15,4467:22, 4468:3, 4468:4,4468:5, 4468:11, 4476:9,4492:9, 4492:11, 4507:17,4507:23, 4507:25, 4522:3

salmons [1] - 4420:19salt [2] - 4422:14, 4422:17salvage [1] - 4474:5salve [1] - 4288:23salves [1] - 4338:11sampling [1] - 4282:25Samson [5] - 4274:16,

4417:9, 4462:13, 4462:24SAMSON [3] - 4276:6,

4462:15, 4462:24sand [1] - 4450:9Sandra [5] - 4274:8,

4282:12, 4404:5, 4404:8,4475:19

SANDRA [2] - 4275:20,4404:7

sang [1] - 4437:16sap [1] - 4288:22Saskatoon [4] - 4299:5,

4338:3, 4437:18, 4437:19Saskatoons [4] - 4297:6,

4297:9, 4394:6, 4424:2saskatoons [3] - 4291:2,

4297:2, 4422:11Saturday [1] - 4302:15

savage [1] - 4336:19Save [1] - 4383:4save [4] - 4297:14, 4406:21,

4408:2, 4450:14saved [2] - 4284:18, 4406:10saw [20] - 4301:13, 4306:21,

4307:12, 4307:25, 4309:1,4309:8, 4309:9, 4309:14,4325:15, 4355:15, 4360:7,4360:8, 4442:20, 4477:4,4477:5, 4480:25, 4485:2,4505:5

Saw [1] - 4290:18sawmills [1] - 4463:16Saxon [1] - 4454:11scale [2] - 4342:16, 4455:18scar [1] - 4465:4scarce [2] - 4297:4, 4303:20scared [3] - 4427:19,

4434:14, 4435:11scariest [1] - 4477:4scaring [1] - 4435:10scary [2] - 4426:21, 4477:7scatter [3] - 4499:9, 4499:11,

4499:12scatters [2] - 4490:21,

4497:24scenarios [1] - 4366:4scenery [1] - 4477:9scenes [1] - 4526:13schedules [1] - 4511:24scholarship [1] - 4453:17SCHOOL [2] - 4276:20,

4527:23School [11] - 4283:25,

4284:6, 4292:19, 4293:4,4293:14, 4380:9, 4393:12,4409:8, 4474:10, 4474:12,4480:23

school [17] - 4292:18,4294:9, 4294:15, 4381:20,4387:17, 4387:18,4390:20, 4390:22, 4391:2,4409:7, 4409:11, 4444:21,4451:16, 4474:13,4476:24, 4486:2

schools [1] - 4404:18scoop [2] - 4314:19, 4314:20scope [1] - 4369:12Scott [1] - 4273:15scrape [1] - 4293:9scraped [1] - 4299:9screaming [1] - 4294:19seal [2] - 4311:21, 4312:6seals [2] - 4311:22, 4312:13season [6] - 4284:14,

4397:25, 4423:24,4426:11, 4434:9, 4434:11

seasonal [1] - 4500:22seasons [2] - 4286:8,

4289:17

seats [2] - 4437:13, 4503:8second [7] - 4279:25,

4390:18, 4403:19,4424:25, 4474:7, 4501:15,4501:17

secondary [2] - 4361:24,4369:1

secret [3] - 4355:19, 4356:2,4356:11

secretariat [1] - 4447:21Secretariat [3] - 4279:23,

4280:8, 4280:11SECTION [1] - 4272:8section [7] - 4287:23,

4341:20, 4360:9, 4369:17,4369:18, 4417:2, 4419:18

Section [1] - 4445:18secure [1] - 4510:19Secwepemc [5] - 4279:21,

4285:21, 4298:13, 4315:5,4333:15

Secwepmc [2] - 4277:25,4285:22

see [80] - 4286:22, 4289:4,4289:19, 4290:18,4303:24, 4304:1, 4307:11,4309:3, 4309:4, 4309:12,4309:17, 4309:19, 4321:4,4331:4, 4331:18, 4331:22,4333:4, 4335:21, 4337:10,4338:7, 4344:12, 4345:1,4345:8, 4346:14, 4351:19,4356:1, 4356:4, 4358:9,4360:12, 4361:22,4362:16, 4362:17,4371:23, 4374:3, 4385:18,4399:14, 4399:20,4401:10, 4401:15, 4405:1,4413:1, 4416:20, 4418:1,4419:14, 4419:21,4421:10, 4421:21, 4422:3,4424:5, 4426:8, 4427:10,4427:12, 4427:15, 4434:3,4434:15, 4449:17,4451:24, 4456:18,4460:19, 4461:1, 4461:3,4461:9, 4464:21, 4466:12,4466:13, 4467:5, 4469:25,4471:14, 4472:5, 4472:7,4489:14, 4491:14,4491:21, 4497:5, 4499:3,4499:23, 4507:7, 4509:3,4520:3, 4525:12

see" [1] - 4335:13seed [2] - 4297:3seeding [1] - 4517:4seeds [2] - 4313:21, 4496:1seeing [4] - 4460:15,

4460:16, 4493:12, 4494:25seek [2] - 4515:18, 4519:22seem [8] - 4286:25, 4289:6,

4307:16, 4326:12,4359:16, 4501:5, 4501:10,4501:19

sees [1] - 4389:23segment [1] - 4362:11select [1] - 4511:9selected [1] - 4506:6selection [1] - 4506:5self [1] - 4445:17self-government [1] -

4445:17sell [1] - 4442:2sell-out [1] - 4442:2Sellars [7] - 4277:25,

4279:19, 4348:19,4356:22, 4440:22, 4444:6

selling [2] - 4448:2, 4448:3send [1] - 4387:11Senior [1] - 4439:24sense [6] - 4353:13,

4366:13, 4391:12,4406:24, 4441:5, 4457:2

sensitive [7] - 4412:19,4479:13, 4487:2, 4510:7,4510:21, 4511:7, 4513:25

sensitivity [2] - 4309:23,4521:13

sent [2] - 4284:5, 4477:18separate [2] - 4319:16,

4391:1September [1] - 4333:19Sergeant [1] - 4318:9series [1] - 4511:14serious [3] - 4377:5,

4515:25, 4516:9seriousness [1] - 4457:1services [4] - 4315:20,

4339:11, 4367:10, 4453:23Services [1] - 4274:23session [1] - 4379:9SESSION [3] - 4272:14,

4276:19, 4527:21sessions [1] - 4341:19sesxosem [2] - 4422:11,

4422:25set [9] - 4296:13, 4300:20,

4336:8, 4395:8, 4413:13,4419:23, 4420:25,4453:18, 4528:8

Setiyen" [1] - 4437:16setting [1] - 4334:10settled [5] - 4491:3, 4491:7,

4491:8, 4491:12, 4502:11settlement [2] - 4491:10,

4491:11settlements [1] - 4491:13seven [11] - 4343:12,

4343:13, 4357:13,4357:15, 4374:10, 4405:4,4419:3, 4419:17, 4473:24,4474:24, 4527:13



32

Seven [1] - 4431:17several [1] - 4518:6Sewid [1] - 4521:21sexosem [1] - 4386:23Shadow [7] - 4274:10,

4415:15, 4415:19,4417:17, 4418:21,4426:13, 4429:1

SHADOW [2] - 4275:23,4415:16

shaking [1] - 4423:2shall [1] - 4445:20shallow [1] - 4410:9share [28] - 4282:20,

4314:24, 4316:16,4330:17, 4338:16, 4340:6,4344:9, 4348:21, 4350:11,4350:12, 4351:12,4356:15, 4356:24, 4357:1,4357:2, 4357:3, 4371:13,4371:21, 4376:19,4412:23, 4478:5, 4480:3,4482:21, 4484:25,4485:11, 4485:12,4485:21, 4512:19

Share [4] - 4282:21, 4315:24share" [1] - 4315:8shared [9] - 4320:20,

4321:25, 4329:1, 4356:12,4360:10, 4412:15, 4480:4,4485:23, 4516:17

shareholders [1] - 4456:3sharing [18] - 4300:6,

4315:8, 4317:2, 4325:3,4327:21, 4340:8, 4342:2,4342:5, 4351:16, 4352:4,4356:25, 4361:15,4362:23, 4377:24,4412:13, 4426:13,4442:24, 4452:13

Sharing [1] - 4523:12sharp [1] - 4297:7shed [1] - 4414:24sheds [1] - 4518:23sheep [1] - 4464:22shift [1] - 4346:9shifts [2] - 4358:15, 4359:18shirts [1] - 4293:21shoot [2] - 4295:18, 4434:15shooting [1] - 4345:16shore [1] - 4420:11short [16] - 4280:1, 4316:4,

4331:10, 4354:16, 4381:7,4381:9, 4384:10, 4399:16,4408:11, 4422:21, 4437:8,4502:25, 4503:3, 4503:16,4509:14, 4525:7

shortened [1] - 4426:3shortest [1] - 4400:9shorthand [1] - 4528:8shortly [1] - 4448:13

shot [2] - 4296:3, 4296:4shots [2] - 4426:15, 4459:14show [20] - 4303:19, 4305:6,

4305:8, 4306:3, 4331:9,4350:15, 4350:16,4350:17, 4380:23, 4387:4,4423:1, 4425:24, 4472:4,4480:1, 4488:6, 4488:7,4489:14, 4490:25

showcase [2] - 4346:20showcasing [1] - 4342:2showed [5] - 4370:2,

4381:18, 4381:19, 4481:3,4481:13

showing [6] - 4301:1,4305:18, 4345:11,4429:11, 4463:22, 4498:2

shown [5] - 4380:13,4410:24, 4424:24,4509:20, 4511:12

shows [1] - 4422:23shrouded [1] - 4355:19Shuswap [7] - 4319:24,

4457:11, 4468:23,4469:10, 4474:15, 4479:7,4505:19

shy [1] - 4316:12siblings [7] - 4383:25,

4384:6, 4394:5, 4394:15,4417:20, 4418:20, 4432:6

sic [1] - 4469:14sick [7] - 4284:25, 4285:8,

4312:9, 4312:24, 4313:2,4313:15

sickly [1] - 4312:15side [34] - 4311:8, 4317:13,

4317:15, 4335:25,4338:20, 4379:18,4399:11, 4401:23, 4402:1,4402:5, 4402:7, 4402:9,4402:13, 4418:12,4419:16, 4419:18, 4421:2,4421:19, 4423:10,4423:11, 4423:12,4423:14, 4428:17,4430:14, 4436:21, 4464:2,4472:19, 4474:21,4486:17, 4491:14, 4493:3,4493:13, 4493:14

sign [1] - 4315:4signage [1] - 4341:5significance [2] - 4510:20,

4512:20significant [2] - 4412:1,

4523:3signs [3] - 4287:13, 4325:16,

4385:18silly [1] - 4440:12silviculture [1] - 4459:15similar [4] - 4362:4, 4390:11,

4436:24, 4518:4

Simon [1] - 4374:5simple [3] - 4281:18,

4366:10, 4507:14simply [4] - 4309:1, 4446:7,

4453:13, 4520:18sing [1] - 4482:19singers [1] - 4360:8single [4] - 4332:9, 4371:2,

4376:2singular [1] - 4376:24sinkfoil [1] - 4495:15sise7 [2] - 4319:4, 4319:5Siska [1] - 4338:7sissy [1] - 4299:23sister [4] - 4328:20, 4394:16,

4394:18, 4480:2sister's [1] - 4384:24sisters [4] - 4379:25, 4380:1,

4380:4, 4380:9sit [7] - 4281:13, 4342:6,

4363:1, 4401:21, 4401:22,4469:3, 4469:4

site [20] - 4316:10, 4320:1,4388:12, 4388:24, 4389:6,4389:17, 4389:24, 4390:1,4400:10, 4423:21, 4488:5,4489:3, 4489:4, 4489:16,4493:1, 4497:13, 4498:18,4499:5, 4502:1, 4517:6

site's [1] - 4493:9sites [72] - 4355:19, 4356:1,

4356:2, 4389:11, 4419:19,4419:20, 4419:23,4429:12, 4479:11,4479:13, 4479:15,4479:21, 4480:7, 4483:10,4484:1, 4487:2, 4488:23,4489:1, 4489:25, 4490:1,4490:16, 4490:17,4490:20, 4490:21,4490:23, 4490:24,4491:15, 4491:18,4491:20, 4491:23, 4492:4,4492:18, 4492:22, 4493:4,4493:5, 4493:8, 4493:17,4493:25, 4497:9, 4497:10,4497:12, 4497:15,4497:19, 4497:23,4497:25, 4498:1, 4498:2,4498:7, 4498:8, 4498:15,4498:16, 4499:18,4499:22, 4499:23,4500:10, 4501:5, 4501:9,4501:18, 4501:24,4502:16, 4510:21, 4511:7,4511:11, 4512:19,4514:15, 4524:11,4524:12, 4524:17

sits [1] - 4358:7sitting [10] - 4281:6,

4298:14, 4319:8, 4354:23,

4470:12, 4488:12, 4508:7,4527:5, 4527:12

situate [5] - 4414:12,4416:20, 4437:1, 4471:2,4471:7

situated [2] - 4335:10,4471:4

situation [5] - 4426:21,4427:22, 4445:11,4447:15, 4453:25

situations [1] - 4374:19six [9] - 4295:22, 4299:15,

4336:22, 4341:21,4343:11, 4343:13,4359:10, 4373:10, 4419:17

skewed [2] - 4346:11,4448:10

skiing [1] - 4347:2skill [1] - 4528:11skilled [1] - 4453:5Skilled [1] - 4453:20skills [2] - 4284:3, 4476:24skin [2] - 4296:7, 4296:15skull [1] - 4493:14skyrockets [1] - 4492:7slathering [1] - 4338:2sleep [3] - 4299:15, 4299:23,

4419:6sleigh [1] - 4298:1slides [1] - 4370:2slow [4] - 4292:3, 4355:3,

4393:23, 4408:2slows [1] - 4504:13sludge [1] - 4477:10smack [1] - 4304:13small [24] - 4285:1, 4286:23,

4291:10, 4292:7, 4295:18,4297:10, 4298:10, 4299:4,4303:4, 4304:21, 4311:14,4343:9, 4355:3, 4359:9,4380:10, 4382:6, 4382:7,4425:7, 4442:5, 4456:17,4486:16, 4490:18, 4491:15

smaller [1] - 4297:22smallest [1] - 4311:12smallpox [4] - 4317:8,

4318:1, 4479:4, 4494:7smoked [1] - 4444:11smokes [1] - 4301:15smudge [1] - 4387:9smudging [1] - 4287:17snakes [1] - 4344:23snapshot [5] - 4334:22,

4335:9, 4354:18, 4367:16,4367:18

snare [1] - 4481:20snow [6] - 4297:24, 4298:4,

4298:7, 4425:19, 4425:22,4425:24

Snow [1] - 4394:16snuck [1] - 4329:12



33

so-called [1] - 4308:9soaked [1] - 4422:15soap [2] - 4325:12, 4422:11soapberries [1] - 4422:25Soapberry [1] - 4386:25soaps [1] - 4338:12SOB [1] - 4314:23social [9] - 4315:9, 4315:10,

4409:23, 4410:25, 4412:3,4442:5, 4458:18, 4459:21,4460:8

Society [5] - 4350:25,4373:24, 4407:9, 4407:10

sockeye [5] - 4420:13,4420:18, 4444:9, 4444:11

socks [2] - 4348:16, 4424:12sod [1] - 4291:5Soda [2] - 4277:25, 4508:5soft [3] - 4303:2, 4303:7,

4369:11soil [1] - 4517:4sole [2] - 4339:21, 4351:8Solely [1] - 4382:18solemn [1] - 4451:8someone [3] - 4306:23,

4325:15, 4456:18sometime [1] - 4290:2Sometimes [4] - 4357:22,

4480:20, 4485:24, 4486:6sometimes [14] - 4281:16,

4292:12, 4293:22,4303:21, 4311:7, 4316:17,4386:16, 4416:6, 4419:2,4420:1, 4442:2, 4449:7,4456:17, 4484:12

somewhat [1] - 4338:3somewhere [15] - 4288:1,

4305:9, 4387:22, 4439:16,4444:8, 4447:10, 4453:6,4453:7, 4453:8, 4453:20,4455:19, 4461:14, 4477:7,4499:4, 4499:6

son [4] - 4277:12, 4315:1,4419:10, 4476:8

son-in-law [1] - 4315:1song [5] - 4277:20, 4437:15,

4437:17, 4437:24sons [1] - 4305:18soon [4] - 4294:17, 4326:4,

4450:21, 4524:17sores [1] - 4288:24Sorry [2] - 4432:13, 4462:16sorry [10] - 4278:19, 4318:7,

4318:17, 4337:8, 4342:20,4360:25, 4375:10, 4403:6,4526:20

sort [6] - 4317:9, 4335:18,4457:23, 4458:4, 4497:22,4498:3

sorting [1] - 4359:7sorts [3] - 4336:5, 4348:24,

4349:1sound [2] - 4316:17, 4387:25sounds [2] - 4368:5, 4452:5souped [1] - 4323:14souped-up [1] - 4323:14source [1] - 4358:11south [6] - 4285:25, 4381:12,

4421:2, 4493:16, 4501:10,4502:13

South [2] - 4345:24, 4347:18southern [1] - 4471:19southwest [1] - 4496:15space [1] - 4347:21Spagnuolo [2] - 4273:7,

4280:9span [2] - 4302:11, 4354:12sparse [1] - 4299:3sparsed [1] - 4301:7sparsity [1] - 4297:21spatial [1] - 4513:16spawn [1] - 4420:15speaker [11] - 4328:3,

4379:11, 4404:5, 4408:18,4415:14, 4437:25, 4439:6,4457:7, 4473:10, 4478:16,4487:13

SPEAKER [1] - 4526:21speakers [8] - 4278:22,

4281:21, 4281:24, 4282:6,4282:13, 4475:13, 4480:21

speaking [10] - 4322:2,4329:23, 4339:3, 4339:4,4339:5, 4452:19, 4452:20,4474:4, 4474:16, 4476:23

Speces [1] - 4296:23special [6] - 4284:18,

4336:3, 4339:1, 4362:3,4445:16, 4445:25

Species [1] - 4496:7species [4] - 4335:4, 4347:5,

4496:5, 4496:9specific [14] - 4320:14,

4321:16, 4321:17,4321:23, 4353:1, 4366:5,4374:15, 4374:21, 4390:3,4484:1, 4514:9, 4515:4,4520:25, 4523:12

specifically [3] - 4374:2,4374:24, 4511:7

specifics [1] - 4317:10speck [1] - 4298:10spectacular [1] - 4363:19spectrum [1] - 4358:7speed [2] - 4343:17, 4360:13spell [2] - 4281:17, 4281:18spend [5] - 4280:2, 4345:14,

4391:11, 4486:3, 4526:14Spent [1] - 4419:6spent [3] - 4391:13, 4421:8,

4481:2spin [1] - 4453:9

spin-off [1] - 4453:9Spintlum [2] - 4291:24,

4350:23spirit [3] - 4380:3, 4412:13,

4412:20spirits [1] - 4482:5spiritual [1] - 4287:16spiritualism [1] - 4284:12spirituality [1] - 4482:15Spitlum [3] - 4349:13,

4349:14, 4349:21Spoken [7] - 4294:21,

4295:1, 4313:1, 4313:3,4415:18, 4416:9, 4527:2

spoken [2] - 4438:9, 4523:2Spoken) [4] - 4351:14,

4378:20, 4457:6, 4503:20spoon [1] - 4285:8sporting [1] - 4337:17Sports [1] - 4372:22sports [2] - 4337:4, 4516:6spot [1] - 4420:22spotlight [1] - 4421:21spotted [5] - 4326:4, 4362:6,

4362:8, 4471:21, 4495:13spray [2] - 4304:7, 4326:2sprayed [2] - 4325:17,

4413:16spraying [2] - 4304:7, 4325:5spread [5] - 4291:4, 4291:6,

4363:7, 4517:10spreading [1] - 4494:18spring [8] - 4326:13, 4416:3,

4420:4, 4420:18, 4420:19,4464:10, 4464:13, 4467:12

springs [1] - 4490:18springtime [1] - 4290:2Squamish [1] - 4359:13squeeze [1] - 4438:8squeezing [1] - 4423:2squirrel [1] - 4482:12squirrels [2] - 4481:9,

4481:15St [1] - 4495:14stack [1] - 4511:13Stadfeld [1] - 4274:4STADFELD [87] - 4275:6,

4282:18, 4283:2, 4283:16,4290:21, 4300:5, 4303:13,4304:24, 4305:24,4306:13, 4308:8, 4308:16,4308:20, 4308:23,4309:16, 4309:22, 4316:3,4383:10, 4384:13,4384:19, 4385:2, 4385:11,4385:18, 4385:24,4386:24, 4387:1, 4387:13,4387:21, 4388:2, 4389:7,4390:2, 4392:22, 4394:25,4395:4, 4395:10, 4395:17,4395:21, 4395:25, 4396:3,

4396:6, 4396:12, 4396:17,4396:20, 4396:25, 4397:7,4397:12, 4397:15, 4398:4,4398:8, 4398:17, 4398:22,4399:1, 4399:5, 4399:10,4399:13, 4399:22, 4400:4,4417:3, 4426:12, 4428:25,4429:5, 4429:7, 4431:12,4431:16, 4431:18,4431:21, 4431:24, 4432:2,4432:5, 4432:8, 4432:11,4432:13, 4432:16, 4433:1,4433:4, 4433:9, 4433:13,4433:24, 4434:4, 4434:8,4434:16, 4435:1, 4435:6,4435:17, 4470:20,4470:24, 4473:13

staff [3] - 4339:5, 4343:25,4381:19

stage [6] - 4283:8, 4311:5,4468:24, 4506:4, 4513:10

stake [1] - 4475:8stand [2] - 4331:11, 4340:19standards [2] - 4446:8,

4521:6standing [3] - 4420:23,

4467:19, 4472:5staple [1] - 4312:6start [24] - 4277:18, 4278:21,

4279:8, 4280:1, 4292:5,4341:4, 4354:10, 4356:10,4359:20, 4394:3, 4397:25,4398:11, 4416:12, 4418:6,4437:12, 4443:13,4450:23, 4455:20,4465:19, 4465:20, 4466:6,4468:7, 4471:9, 4503:17

started [8] - 4328:15, 4343:8,4350:15, 4355:3, 4377:21,4430:13, 4503:9, 4525:9

starting [6] - 4307:23,4358:16, 4359:4, 4392:18,4402:16, 4430:12

starts [3] - 4429:23, 4449:17,4449:25

state [1] - 4438:19State [1] - 4413:18States [2] - 4345:23, 4350:3station [12] - 4308:21,

4314:4, 4322:24, 4322:25,4323:3, 4323:21, 4324:12,4324:15, 4324:17,4326:17, 4341:3, 4521:4

stationary [2] - 4287:25,4288:6

statistical [1] - 4364:16status [3] - 4370:25, 4477:2stay [14] - 4287:24, 4371:6,

4371:9, 4383:25, 4387:18,4394:16, 4418:16,4460:20, 4467:5, 4467:8,4467:9, 4467:11, 4468:15,



34

4468:16stayed [3] - 4288:9, 4301:19,

4419:3staying [2] - 4308:1, 4388:6stays [1] - 4431:3stems [1] - 4307:22step [9] - 4279:5, 4279:6,

4296:12, 4333:24,4334:15, 4366:10,4367:25, 4468:7

Stephen [1] - 4274:24steps [2] - 4511:3, 4514:22stereotype [1] - 4347:8stereotypes [1] - 4336:15stick [3] - 4294:7, 4402:7,

4481:19sticking [1] - 4316:18sticky [1] - 4288:15stifle [1] - 4344:6still [23] - 4278:23, 4308:14,

4336:20, 4343:1, 4357:23,4359:6, 4359:7, 4361:13,4364:18, 4364:19,4366:14, 4366:15,4370:11, 4375:23,4375:25, 4407:20,4428:22, 4464:21,4464:24, 4467:11,4484:20, 4500:25

stipulated [1] - 4513:19Stl'atl'imc [3] - 4328:21,

4329:16, 4465:17Sto:lo [1] - 4320:21stockmarket [1] - 4449:8stocks [2] - 4458:25, 4468:5Stolen [2] - 4310:18, 4312:20stop [5] - 4378:12, 4398:15,

4398:20, 4428:4, 4506:16stopped [1] - 4314:3stopping [2] - 4358:21,

4422:2store [5] - 4285:15, 4290:9,

4293:22, 4341:3, 4366:9stored [1] - 4285:5stories [22] - 4292:14,

4300:17, 4317:11,4320:11, 4321:18, 4336:2,4342:10, 4349:15, 4350:5,4350:7, 4350:8, 4350:9,4350:12, 4351:1, 4351:3,4351:4, 4351:9, 4374:12,4485:9, 4485:13, 4485:14

storing [1] - 4286:16storms [1] - 4422:3story [18] - 4316:18,

4334:13, 4334:17,4334:19, 4335:8, 4336:17,4340:8, 4342:18, 4350:19,4353:23, 4353:25,4371:13, 4371:14,4371:20, 4463:15,

4474:22, 4475:24, 4523:6story's [1] - 4353:23storytelling [1] - 4342:9Straight [1] - 4444:9straight [1] - 4284:16strategies [1] - 4516:22Strategy [3] - 4330:7,

4331:24, 4517:18strategy [2] - 4352:12,

4516:25strawberry [1] - 4325:11stream [2] - 4294:2, 4491:22streams [10] - 4339:21,

4382:21, 4411:12,4490:18, 4492:7, 4492:10,4492:16, 4492:19,4492:21, 4493:24

Street [1] - 4449:8strength [6] - 4277:6,

4315:12, 4360:7, 4378:23,4482:20, 4505:3

stretch [2] - 4296:16,4390:13

strong [6] - 4283:23,4333:11, 4334:11,4372:17, 4407:20, 4425:25

strongly [2] - 4329:16,4523:1

structure [1] - 4447:21struggle [1] - 4474:16struggling [1] - 4507:23Stswecem'c [2] - 4465:17,

4478:20Stuart [1] - 4510:8stuck [1] - 4461:9student [1] - 4454:1students [4] - 4381:15,

4381:24, 4387:11, 4390:19studies [4] - 4332:9,

4333:18, 4413:17, 4515:4Study [3] - 4333:18, 4333:19,

4497:20study [5] - 4330:2, 4346:5,

4346:10, 4368:23, 4496:7studying [1] - 4410:5stuff [13] - 4285:10, 4306:6,

4310:14, 4345:15, 4394:7,4394:17, 4394:21,4396:15, 4417:17,4467:24, 4504:3, 4504:16

Stump [1] - 4299:2subculture [1] - 4354:7subject [1] - 4312:16submission [1] - 4283:3subscribed [1] - 4528:13substantiated [1] - 4332:15success [3] - 4363:25,

4410:8, 4452:1successful [7] - 4339:24,

4351:7, 4354:25, 4371:17,4380:5, 4518:6, 4518:10

successfully [1] - 4512:16Sugar [2] - 4379:20, 4478:22sugar [1] - 4485:15suggested [1] - 4361:8suggestions [3] - 4325:24,

4388:22, 4398:12suggests [1] - 4410:19suitable [1] - 4344:8suite [1] - 4345:15suited [1] - 4427:9sulphur [1] - 4495:15summarize [1] - 4298:17summary [3] - 4332:5,

4354:16, 4509:10summer [12] - 4286:8,

4307:12, 4380:7, 4380:12,4380:15, 4393:12,4393:13, 4416:3, 4431:25,4432:2, 4467:12, 4524:25

Summer [1] - 4432:1sun [2] - 4420:7, 4427:12Sundance [1] - 4518:9Sunday [1] - 4305:5supervisor [1] - 4311:1supper [1] - 4295:11supply [2] - 4346:16,

4467:24support [16] - 4328:25,

4329:8, 4360:10, 4373:1,4373:17, 4373:19,4373:22, 4374:11, 4411:6,4411:23, 4412:1, 4417:23,4438:10, 4438:20,4485:22, 4507:5

supported [1] - 4409:14supporting [2] - 4392:8,

4442:17supportive [1] - 4447:24supports [1] - 4508:3suppose [1] - 4409:4supposed [2] - 4420:24,

4424:7surrounded [1] - 4342:24surrounding [5] - 4409:23,

4411:15, 4453:10,4455:15, 4521:8

surrounds [1] - 4447:21survey [1] - 4501:13surveys [2] - 4367:21,

4500:25survival [4] - 4312:1,

4458:10, 4459:3, 4483:2survive [6] - 4299:13,

4311:23, 4417:13,4417:22, 4418:18

survived [1] - 4486:20surviving [2] - 4380:5,

4406:17survivor [1] - 4474:10suspicious [1] - 4452:6sustainable [1] - 4490:7

Sustainable [2] - 4330:13,4513:20

sustained [1] - 4379:24sustenance [1] - 4322:15swathes [1] - 4354:9sweet [1] - 4408:11swimming [2] - 4458:4,

4462:4swing [1] - 4468:2switchback [1] - 4389:2switching [8] - 4308:21,

4322:24, 4322:25, 4323:2,4324:12, 4324:15,4324:17, 4521:4

SXOXOMIC [2] - 4276:20,4527:23

symposium [1] - 4340:23system [10] - 4311:3,

4311:25, 4312:8, 4312:14,4312:16, 4315:10, 4354:5,4392:20, 4415:2, 4440:17

systems [4] - 4310:17,4440:17, 4483:24, 4512:1

Table [2] - 4333:3, 4514:21table [7] - 4280:21, 4281:13,

4340:1, 4392:18, 4403:19,4445:18, 4520:2

tables [1] - 4376:13tailing [2] - 4450:11, 4450:20tailings [5] - 4411:10,

4450:8, 4450:21, 4477:5,4508:5

talks [5] - 4302:16, 4306:8,4361:9, 4406:9, 4437:18

tan [1] - 4486:4tansy [1] - 4495:16target [1] - 4353:1TASEKO [12] - 4275:7,

4275:10, 4275:16, 4276:1,4276:12, 4276:15,4316:23, 4351:21, 4388:8,4435:22, 4497:7, 4509:15

Taseko [52] - 4273:13,4279:24, 4280:13,4280:17, 4280:23, 4282:1,4298:13, 4316:22,4351:19, 4388:7, 4400:8,4403:13, 4405:23, 4409:1,4410:19, 4412:15, 4413:1,4435:21, 4439:4, 4443:3,4443:4, 4443:9, 4444:20,4456:8, 4457:15, 4460:19,4471:5, 4483:12, 4487:14,4488:2, 4497:6, 4500:3,4500:8, 4502:25, 4503:2,4503:14, 4508:10,4509:12, 4509:18, 4512:5,4513:3, 4514:17, 4514:21,4514:25, 4515:3, 4515:16,4516:19, 4519:20,4520:13, 4521:8, 4521:16,



35

4524:10Taseko's [1] - 4411:8taste [3] - 4338:1, 4338:14tastes [1] - 4338:4tasting [1] - 4338:4taught [9] - 4284:11,

4291:12, 4293:2, 4295:16,4380:18, 4384:22,4384:23, 4481:1, 4486:5

tea [5] - 4282:21, 4282:24,4287:19, 4393:21

teach [6] - 4306:4, 4356:3,4390:21, 4418:19, 4486:6,4504:8

teacher [5] - 4386:4, 4387:2,4387:8, 4391:14, 4409:8

teaching [1] - 4390:20teams [1] - 4410:4teas [1] - 4338:11Ted [3] - 4274:9, 4408:18,

4506:25TED [2] - 4275:21, 4408:19telephone [3] - 4370:4,

4370:5, 4509:5temperature [1] - 4516:5tend [2] - 4396:16, 4398:5tent [1] - 4294:22tenure [2] - 4511:23, 4511:24tepees [3] - 4349:4, 4349:5,

4349:9term [1] - 4449:14terminology [1] - 4376:20Terms [1] - 4513:4terms [16] - 4281:2, 4310:2,

4321:18, 4332:12,4348:22, 4352:9, 4354:8,4358:7, 4360:14, 4375:6,4399:6, 4445:3, 4448:18,4455:24, 4498:12, 4500:9

terrain [1] - 4510:3terribly [1] - 4522:9territories [2] - 4321:24,

4360:20Territories [2] - 4360:20,

4455:1territory [37] - 4279:9,

4279:22, 4283:4, 4283:18,4298:10, 4300:9, 4309:2,4309:24, 4320:3, 4321:25,4328:21, 4331:18,4334:21, 4339:2, 4339:17,4339:18, 4341:6, 4343:6,4348:2, 4348:16, 4352:14,4363:7, 4364:3, 4364:5,4370:8, 4371:2, 4386:1,4395:6, 4396:21, 4397:16,4406:4, 4444:4, 4454:24,4458:17, 4459:21, 4488:7,4494:20

Territory [1] - 4319:24testimonies [1] - 4438:18

testimony [3] - 4465:15,4465:16, 4472:24

tests [3] - 4363:10, 4413:25,4477:21

Teztan [1] - 4447:7Thailand [1] - 4347:18that" [1] - 4325:18Thaw [1] - 4345:13THE [117] - 4272:8, 4275:4,

4275:8, 4275:11, 4275:17,4275:19, 4275:22, 4276:5,4276:7, 4276:13, 4276:20,4276:20, 4279:13,4279:14, 4281:2, 4282:23,4316:21, 4316:25,4324:25, 4325:1, 4326:24,4327:19, 4328:2, 4328:10,4351:15, 4360:22, 4361:2,4361:4, 4365:4, 4368:1,4372:5, 4374:13, 4375:1,4375:13, 4378:4, 4379:6,4383:8, 4388:4, 4390:9,4390:10, 4390:16, 4391:1,4391:8, 4391:17, 4391:22,4400:23, 4401:3, 4402:3,4402:8, 4402:12, 4402:18,4403:4, 4403:12, 4403:25,4404:5, 4408:13, 4412:10,4412:18, 4413:4, 4414:12,4414:16, 4415:10,4415:14, 4416:19,4416:24, 4429:8, 4429:17,4435:20, 4436:24, 4437:7,4437:11, 4437:22,4438:23, 4446:11, 4456:7,4456:16, 4456:23, 4457:7,4460:18, 4460:22,4461:12, 4461:18,4461:20, 4462:8, 4462:12,4462:16, 4470:25, 4471:1,4471:16, 4471:20,4472:18, 4473:5, 4473:10,4478:10, 4478:16, 4487:8,4487:13, 4487:18, 4497:4,4498:8, 4498:11, 4498:23,4499:14, 4499:16, 4500:1,4500:5, 4501:3, 4501:14,4502:5, 4502:17, 4502:24,4503:7, 4509:9, 4525:6,4526:22, 4527:22, 4527:23

themed [1] - 4337:15themselves [3] - 4280:13,

4315:17, 4415:4there'd [4] - 4414:20,

4453:14, 4501:22, 4518:1there'll [2] - 4459:10, 4521:7There'll [2] - 4312:15, 4511:8thereafter [1] - 4528:9thereby [1] - 4410:21Therefore [1] - 4510:18thesis [1] - 4353:6thin [1] - 4296:21

thinking [8] - 4300:21,4302:14, 4326:4, 4417:25,4426:6, 4428:1, 4428:19,4497:23

third [1] - 4294:15thistle [3] - 4495:6, 4495:8,

4495:11Thomas [1] - 4352:21Thompson [1] - 4327:2Thomson [1] - 4333:22thoughts [4] - 4302:14,

4334:2, 4462:9, 4487:11thousands [3] - 4405:3,

4447:19thread [3] - 4293:13,

4293:22, 4294:7threats [1] - 4333:12three [21] - 4297:25, 4299:5,

4300:22, 4303:6, 4304:18,4307:22, 4309:12,4329:19, 4342:14,4404:11, 4412:13,4416:15, 4433:20,4433:22, 4434:22,4441:13, 4441:14,4446:16, 4469:22, 4475:9,4476:6

three-year-old [1] - 4342:14threshold [1] - 4377:16thrive [2] - 4298:4, 4371:21throughout [7] - 4291:3,

4339:1, 4363:7, 4373:1,4510:9, 4518:20, 4522:2

throw [4] - 4293:23, 4422:8,4482:13, 4496:21

tie [1] - 4380:16ties [1] - 4522:4time's [1] - 4316:4timeframe [1] - 4317:9timetable [1] - 4376:14timing [1] - 4513:1Tin [2] - 4296:8, 4298:20tires [1] - 4489:21title [2] - 4445:19, 4448:17TO [3] - 4272:7, 4276:19,

4527:21Today [3] - 4278:18,

4465:16, 4506:23today [66] - 4277:4, 4277:21,

4278:23, 4279:22, 4280:4,4282:4, 4283:3, 4296:20,4296:25, 4327:25, 4329:3,4329:14, 4330:14,4330:15, 4331:7, 4331:13,4332:7, 4335:7, 4342:24,4346:10, 4350:4, 4352:3,4352:16, 4354:23,4354:24, 4356:23, 4357:5,4358:7, 4358:8, 4359:5,4360:8, 4360:9, 4360:10,4366:2, 4366:17, 4368:22,

4375:22, 4376:16,4376:17, 4377:12,4377:16, 4378:22,4382:10, 4389:8, 4404:2,4406:25, 4407:19,4415:12, 4437:25,4443:22, 4458:11,4458:25, 4464:21,4466:19, 4473:7, 4474:18,4475:13, 4478:3, 4480:2,4480:3, 4483:25, 4487:11,4502:22, 4504:25, 4506:2,4506:8

together [23] - 4282:10,4285:2, 4303:4, 4305:13,4341:21, 4352:15, 4362:1,4376:1, 4414:3, 4418:24,4441:13, 4442:24,4443:19, 4452:8, 4478:8,4481:2, 4482:20, 4505:10,4505:20, 4506:22,4509:10, 4524:6, 4524:17

tomorrow [1] - 4527:6Tomorrow's [1] - 4382:23tonight [1] - 4277:11Took [1] - 4481:12took [16] - 4292:2, 4317:8,

4367:14, 4367:18,4368:24, 4380:6, 4380:14,4381:11, 4382:12,4433:20, 4444:22,4476:23, 4481:3, 4481:14,4481:22, 4481:25

Toosey [1] - 4302:16tooth [1] - 4334:6top [9] - 4329:19, 4332:16,

4363:12, 4400:3, 4425:6,4427:4, 4435:3, 4448:8

tops [1] - 4286:12toque [1] - 4475:11torn [1] - 4383:1tornadoes [1] - 4486:8total [2] - 4343:11, 4343:13totally [1] - 4336:16touch [1] - 4507:17tough [1] - 4434:23tour [3] - 4348:8, 4348:9,

4440:4toured [1] - 4439:23tourism [66] - 4329:18,

4330:2, 4330:25, 4331:5,4331:8, 4332:19, 4332:20,4332:23, 4333:5, 4335:8,4335:12, 4339:6, 4339:15,4339:22, 4340:14,4340:22, 4341:15,4341:23, 4343:5, 4343:16,4344:3, 4344:12, 4345:25,4348:6, 4351:17, 4352:4,4352:11, 4352:20,4352:22, 4352:24,



36

4354:20, 4355:24, 4356:5,4356:10, 4358:6, 4358:12,4359:20, 4359:25, 4361:6,4363:2, 4364:14, 4365:8,4365:11, 4367:5, 4367:7,4370:11, 4370:16,4370:23, 4371:3, 4371:8,4371:22, 4372:9, 4372:13,4373:24, 4374:17,4374:22, 4376:6, 4376:21,4377:10, 4377:22,4378:11, 4513:19,4514:13, 4517:22, 4518:1,4518:2

Tourism [20] - 4330:6,4330:7, 4330:8, 4330:13,4330:25, 4331:15,4331:24, 4333:18,4333:19, 4356:18, 4357:4,4360:1, 4367:17, 4372:17,4372:19, 4372:21,4372:22, 4373:2, 4377:23,4518:19

tourists [2] - 4323:10,4332:14

tours [2] - 4347:3, 4362:23toward [3] - 4386:22,

4393:17, 4419:14towards [13] - 4294:6,

4300:18, 4301:7, 4312:10,4322:12, 4339:6, 4343:16,4343:21, 4395:13, 4463:9,4463:19, 4482:10, 4506:5

town [3] - 4406:1, 4422:3,4483:5

toxins [2] - 4310:21, 4311:2track [4] - 4327:4, 4327:5,

4327:15, 4405:9tracking [1] - 4366:7tracks [3] - 4309:10,

4309:12, 4309:15trade [1] - 4492:11traded [1] - 4381:12trading [3] - 4381:6, 4382:1,

4464:5tradition [1] - 4306:1traditional [17] - 4279:21,

4283:18, 4303:15,4319:21, 4327:3, 4327:5,4339:18, 4349:7, 4356:9,4370:18, 4387:5, 4392:25,4406:4, 4426:7, 4475:5,4494:6, 4519:18

traditionally [4] - 4380:24,4383:13, 4397:20, 4397:23

traditions [4] - 4305:1,4305:25, 4382:2, 4474:6

traffic [2] - 4323:9, 4398:21trail [5] - 4383:19, 4385:12,

4385:13, 4385:17trailed [1] - 4296:1

trailer [2] - 4306:19, 4306:20trails [4] - 4309:5, 4324:6,

4352:9, 4385:20train [1] - 4453:18trained [4] - 4295:21, 4455:2,

4504:12, 4523:24training [3] - 4284:3,

4453:22, 4504:2Training [1] - 4453:22trampling [1] - 4489:21transcribed [1] - 4528:9transcript [4] - 4281:4,

4281:8, 4281:9, 4528:10transcripts [1] - 4281:7transformer [1] - 4414:25Transmission [1] - 4521:3transmission [65] - 4308:17,

4320:8, 4368:18, 4369:20,4375:3, 4375:16, 4377:17,4395:12, 4396:1, 4397:17,4403:20, 4409:21,4411:17, 4411:19,4416:21, 4428:15, 4434:1,4435:2, 4436:2, 4436:19,4458:17, 4459:8, 4463:3,4463:20, 4464:8, 4464:14,4464:15, 4465:20,4465:22, 4465:24, 4466:7,4467:2, 4471:10, 4471:13,4471:17, 4472:4, 4479:12,4480:6, 4484:4, 4486:23,4488:20, 4490:15, 4492:1,4492:14, 4492:15,4494:12, 4494:18, 4496:2,4496:17, 4497:17, 4501:4,4501:11, 4502:12, 4512:8,4512:24, 4513:12,4513:18, 4513:23,4514:20, 4517:21,4518:17, 4520:1, 4520:9,4525:20

transplanted [1] - 4458:3transportation [3] - 4308:4,

4466:21, 4492:11trap [12] - 4296:12, 4395:22,

4395:23, 4402:20,4402:22, 4402:23, 4403:5,4463:7, 4464:19, 4477:13,4481:4

trapped [3] - 4402:22,4479:24, 4481:9

trapper [1] - 4288:7trapping [9] - 4288:8,

4296:9, 4395:14, 4395:15,4403:11, 4463:12,4463:14, 4464:17, 4464:24

traps [1] - 4296:13travel [5] - 4364:25, 4383:17,

4416:4, 4434:1, 4487:4travelled [8] - 4295:23,

4301:16, 4301:18,

4303:21, 4321:12,4322:13, 4322:15, 4488:25

traveller [4] - 4341:23,4342:1, 4353:14, 4353:15

travellers [2] - 4336:8,4369:11

travelling [5] - 4287:9,4310:5, 4321:8, 4362:18,4427:25

travels [3] - 4355:21,4380:14, 4494:21

treasured [1] - 4411:8treaty [8] - 4445:20, 4448:17,

4448:19, 4468:23,4505:15, 4506:3, 4521:25

tree [3] - 4299:20, 4405:6,4419:15

treed [3] - 4472:6, 4472:7,4472:8

trees [11] - 4289:2, 4289:4,4289:5, 4295:24, 4299:9,4340:20, 4425:21,4425:24, 4469:22,4485:16, 4487:4

tremble [1] - 4486:10tremendous [1] - 4351:16tribal [1] - 4333:10Tribal [2] - 4333:17, 4505:20tribe [1] - 4278:3tried [3] - 4291:17, 4293:25,

4326:14trigger [1] - 4429:3trinkets [1] - 4448:2trip [4] - 4300:24, 4301:1,

4301:14, 4348:10trips [2] - 4361:6, 4362:11tromp [1] - 4347:23trouble [1] - 4426:2troughs [1] - 4489:23trout [16] - 4290:2, 4294:2,

4294:5, 4294:9, 4294:15,4294:19, 4295:2, 4295:3,4295:14, 4298:15,4342:15, 4433:3, 4436:10,4465:24, 4470:21

Troy [1] - 4278:13truck [3] - 4306:19, 4430:18,

4434:25trucks [5] - 4323:15,

4427:25, 4428:8, 4468:20,4518:12

true [9] - 4315:10, 4405:11,4406:7, 4406:17, 4409:16,4440:9, 4441:5, 4443:10,4528:9

truly [2] - 4331:19, 4355:8trust [3] - 4410:25, 4411:2,

4412:2truth [5] - 4453:5, 4454:4,

4454:5, 4482:24try [16] - 4291:16, 4302:5,

4305:16, 4306:3, 4375:12,4380:23, 4391:12,4397:24, 4402:7, 4434:12,4437:1, 4442:13, 4504:10,4504:11, 4504:13, 4505:16

trying [17] - 4298:15,4305:25, 4325:20,4374:14, 4375:11, 4376:9,4459:12, 4468:24, 4471:2,4474:5, 4492:16, 4498:20,4499:21, 4499:23, 4504:8,4504:14, 4506:16

Tseil [1] - 4334:5Tsek7 [2] - 4363:10, 4363:11tsek7 [1] - 4317:22Tsik [1] - 4363:10Tsilhqot'in [6] - 4285:23,

4320:21, 4438:10, 4479:8,4505:22, 4506:23

Tsilqot'in [3] - 4430:21,4458:8, 4465:3

Tsleil [1] - 4359:13Tuesday [3] - 4463:1, 4526:6tune [1] - 4315:9turkey [1] - 4290:15turkey" [1] - 4290:16turn [15] - 4280:14, 4296:6,

4297:7, 4351:19, 4383:10,4388:7, 4400:5, 4400:13,4403:13, 4413:1, 4456:8,4487:14, 4503:13,4509:12, 4520:5

turned [7] - 4294:12,4297:16, 4307:8, 4400:22,4403:7, 4411:9, 4462:25

Turner [1] - 4305:12turning [2] - 4372:15,

4520:17turns [1] - 4442:21twice [1] - 4311:10twins [1] - 4480:19two [41] - 4299:5, 4301:18,

4303:6, 4307:22, 4307:25,4315:5, 4315:7, 4319:18,4330:6, 4348:7, 4352:14,4399:20, 4403:18,4403:21, 4409:9, 4415:23,4416:15, 4424:16, 4427:6,4433:22, 4438:1, 4440:5,4440:16, 4440:19, 4450:6,4462:13, 4477:17,4479:15, 4480:18,4480:25, 4481:16, 4486:2,4502:13, 4503:15,4504:21, 4504:25,4507:24, 4508:7, 4508:17,4509:11, 4509:21

Two [1] - 4312:21Tylenol [1] - 4285:10type [5] - 4284:3, 4309:25,

4339:11, 4369:11, 4370:16



37

types [5] - 4332:13, 4340:15,4352:24, 4365:11, 4497:14

U'mista [3] - 4340:2, 4340:3,4371:5

U.S [1] - 4413:17unaware [2] - 4523:6,

4523:11uncle [2] - 4297:13, 4319:5Uncle [1] - 4297:17uncle" [1] - 4319:3uncles [1] - 4474:11uncomfortable [1] - 4527:12under [5] - 4359:6, 4372:20,

4452:12, 4513:4, 4518:4undercut [1] - 4315:21underneath [4] - 4308:18,

4362:13, 4363:21, 4401:16understood [6] - 4321:15,

4322:21, 4401:5, 4402:5,4472:1, 4519:8

undertaking [1] - 4524:16undertook [1] - 4333:17undo [1] - 4347:7unenforcible [1] - 4455:24unfortunately [4] - 4284:5,

4307:8, 4329:5, 4514:6Unfortunately [1] - 4378:5unique [2] - 4336:3, 4344:19United [2] - 4345:23, 4350:3university [2] - 4477:15,

4480:13University [6] - 4333:21,

4333:22, 4354:17,4413:18, 4441:20, 4441:21

unknown [2] - 4514:14,4514:16

Unless [1] - 4452:10unless [5] - 4400:4, 4413:16,

4488:12, 4488:15, 4494:14unlikely [1] - 4514:6unlimited [1] - 4353:9unnoticed [1] - 4382:8unreal [3] - 4457:20,

4457:25, 4458:12unrestricted [1] - 4283:12untapped [2] - 4351:3,

4351:4up [160] - 4285:7, 4285:12,

4287:7, 4287:25, 4288:14,4290:8, 4293:1, 4294:2,4294:5, 4294:16, 4295:2,4295:7, 4297:16, 4300:17,4300:20, 4300:22, 4301:7,4302:10, 4304:4, 4304:5,4304:10, 4304:20, 4305:8,4307:3, 4307:11, 4307:12,4307:18, 4311:20, 4312:4,4312:11, 4312:21,4313:23, 4317:17,4317:22, 4323:9, 4323:14,4323:17, 4323:24, 4324:4,

4325:12, 4326:17,4329:25, 4333:2, 4345:11,4348:17, 4349:9, 4353:13,4353:14, 4355:4, 4359:1,4361:12, 4361:13, 4366:8,4370:3, 4373:23, 4376:10,4377:16, 4380:14, 4382:4,4386:18, 4386:20, 4392:5,4393:9, 4393:18, 4393:20,4393:21, 4394:2, 4394:8,4394:22, 4395:20,4396:14, 4397:16,4399:23, 4400:2, 4401:12,4402:21, 4405:12,4405:14, 4407:18,4413:19, 4414:24,4416:15, 4419:17,4419:23, 4419:24, 4420:8,4420:14, 4420:25, 4421:8,4424:12, 4425:9, 4427:3,4427:14, 4427:17,4427:21, 4428:18, 4431:1,4431:8, 4431:9, 4434:19,4434:21, 4434:23, 4438:8,4439:9, 4442:10, 4449:15,4449:21, 4453:18,4457:13, 4459:2, 4459:9,4460:9, 4461:12, 4463:5,4464:10, 4464:13,4465:19, 4466:3, 4466:4,4466:5, 4466:6, 4467:19,4468:9, 4469:3, 4470:5,4471:8, 4472:16, 4473:3,4474:4, 4479:6, 4479:17,4479:20, 4485:7, 4488:2,4489:1, 4489:9, 4489:16,4490:16, 4490:23, 4493:3,4496:20, 4496:22, 4497:1,4499:3, 4499:4, 4501:1,4503:15, 4504:14,4504:23, 4506:8, 4509:14,4526:4

Up [1] - 4395:13upstream [1] - 4301:10urban [2] - 4299:16, 4334:9uses [6] - 4303:15, 4305:10,

4347:6, 4392:25, 4393:2,4520:22

utmost [1] - 4522:25Val [1] - 4345:13valley [6] - 4307:5, 4307:12,

4409:13, 4491:7, 4491:8,4491:9

Valley [7] - 4313:7, 4322:8,4322:9, 4379:16, 4381:16,4465:2, 4518:8

valleys [8] - 4425:25, 4491:5,4491:8, 4491:14, 4491:15,4491:17, 4502:11, 4502:14

valuable [2] - 4405:20,4525:15

value [14] - 4338:6, 4338:9,

4340:8, 4344:15, 4354:4,4356:5, 4361:21, 4368:19,4407:2, 4407:7, 4407:16,4464:16, 4465:2

value-added [1] - 4338:6values [3] - 4341:1, 4358:12,

4511:20Vancouver [7] - 4359:14,

4392:2, 4396:15, 4458:19,4458:21, 4486:10, 4491:4

variety [1] - 4498:25various [11] - 4282:24,

4339:3, 4354:19, 4354:20,4358:21, 4366:4, 4376:6,4403:16, 4452:3, 4517:3,4517:11

vast [2] - 4348:14, 4473:1vegetables [2] - 4384:9,

4464:5vegetation [3] - 4363:22,

4461:7, 4512:6vehicle [2] - 4398:21, 4428:4vehicles [13] - 4308:3,

4324:22, 4346:16, 4373:2,4386:3, 4427:24, 4427:25,4459:14, 4496:2, 4510:2,4510:3, 4510:6, 4510:11

veil [2] - 4451:25verify [1] - 4471:22version [5] - 4341:11,

4422:21, 4422:22, 4426:3,4426:14

Vice [1] - 4280:22vicinity [3] - 4283:20,

4320:7, 4500:12Victoria [2] - 4441:20,

4458:21view [8] - 4320:9, 4320:10,

4323:1, 4369:5, 4477:25,4501:15, 4517:24, 4518:23

viewing [1] - 4355:22viewpoints [2] - 4340:12,

4363:18views [10] - 4357:17,

4357:18, 4403:17, 4462:9,4478:13, 4503:14,4509:13, 4521:16,4525:18, 4525:22

viewscape [2] - 4335:12,4335:13

viewscapes [8] - 4332:12,4335:11, 4345:1, 4345:5,4369:19, 4370:2, 4513:15,4517:23

village [7] - 4363:11, 4389:3,4409:15, 4463:24,4489:16, 4501:18, 4502:1

vinegar [1] - 4422:17Virginia [1] - 4282:10visible [2] - 4287:11,

4363:16

visions [2] - 4482:5, 4482:6visit [4] - 4381:17, 4389:6,

4488:5, 4493:1visited [1] - 4301:12visiting [1] - 4285:25visitor [2] - 4517:24, 4517:25visitors [1] - 4514:3visits [1] - 4355:18visor [1] - 4427:12Visual [1] - 4513:22visual [3] - 4514:4, 4514:7,

4514:12visually [1] - 4513:25visually-sensitive [1] -

4513:25vital [1] - 4476:3voice [2] - 4278:23, 4334:16volition [1] - 4348:11voltage [1] - 4400:15Volume [1] - 4272:16volume [2] - 4365:8, 4511:13wagon [4] - 4301:18,

4383:17, 4393:22, 4393:25Waikiki [3] - 4450:9,

4450:10, 4450:16wait [1] - 4353:3waiting [1] - 4340:18waking [1] - 4504:23Wal [2] - 4407:4, 4407:5Wal-Mart [2] - 4407:4, 4407:5walk [11] - 4335:18, 4349:7,

4417:24, 4418:15, 4421:7,4421:8, 4424:7, 4456:17,4463:19, 4463:21

walkabout [1] - 4331:18walking [3] - 4347:2, 4347:4,

4424:3wall [3] - 4307:3, 4319:23,

4498:9walls [1] - 4342:23wants [2] - 4401:14, 4493:2War [1] - 4350:23Ward [3] - 4463:19, 4491:22,

4502:13warm [1] - 4525:25warn [2] - 4327:12, 4327:17warning [1] - 4302:7Warrior [1] - 4345:12Wars [2] - 4349:20washed [1] - 4419:23Wasp [2] - 4454:9, 4454:10waste [1] - 4419:7watch [2] - 4477:7, 4485:24watched [3] - 4293:19,

4294:2, 4294:4watching [4] - 4291:18,

4293:24, 4294:16, 4527:12water [40] - 4292:5, 4302:1,

4302:2, 4302:6, 4392:18,4392:20, 4392:21,4403:19, 4405:19,



38

4405:20, 4411:14,4414:23, 4415:6, 4415:8,4419:21, 4419:22,4419:25, 4420:23,4421:11, 4428:21, 4430:3,4444:16, 4444:21,4450:21, 4454:12, 4458:5,4462:5, 4474:5, 4474:23,4489:23, 4491:17,4491:19, 4499:22,4507:10, 4507:11,4516:11, 4520:1, 4525:16

watershed [4] - 4291:3,4465:23, 4471:9, 4471:11

watersheds [1] - 4411:16waterslide [1] - 4344:6Waututh [2] - 4334:5,

4359:13ways [12] - 4343:8, 4351:13,

4400:15, 4455:9, 4458:8,4458:9, 4459:2, 4460:14,4484:15, 4487:5

wealth [4] - 4334:10,4334:22, 4409:25, 4442:10

wearing [1] - 4475:10weasel [1] - 4296:15weather [1] - 4284:23website [1] - 4281:8Webstad [2] - 4343:2, 4474:9Wednesday [1] - 4526:6wee [1] - 4344:11weed [5] - 4307:5, 4307:6,

4307:19, 4326:18, 4517:7weeds [5] - 4304:7, 4304:8,

4458:6, 4517:1, 4517:10week [3] - 4391:11, 4416:15,

4425:17week-and-a-half [1] -

4425:17weeks [2] - 4477:17, 4509:23welcome [9] - 4277:20,

4279:15, 4329:8, 4341:7,4341:9, 4409:13, 4517:16,4525:25, 4526:1

Welcome [2] - 4478:20,4503:10

welcoming [2] - 4341:8,4358:24

well-being [4] - 4364:9,4387:11, 4410:1, 4412:2

west [10] - 4317:6, 4317:12,4398:24, 4399:3, 4399:11,4402:5, 4402:9, 4424:25,4472:19, 4472:20

West [1] - 4359:14western [1] - 4373:21Western [1] - 4374:11wet [2] - 4286:17, 4394:20whale [2] - 4312:7, 4312:13whales [4] - 4311:21,

4311:24, 4312:4, 4312:6

Whatever's [1] - 4302:12whatnot [5] - 4289:25,

4305:16, 4305:20, 4321:2,4323:15

whatsoever [1] - 4521:15wheels [1] - 4372:15whereas [1] - 4446:5WHEREOF [1] - 4528:13whichever [2] - 4282:20,

4449:15Whistler [2] - 4373:15,

4373:16White [6] - 4439:15, 4447:8,

4447:23, 4454:11,4472:13, 4482:13

white [2] - 4287:5, 4419:22Whoa [1] - 4368:14whole [19] - 4298:18,

4373:25, 4389:20,4389:23, 4389:24,4430:10, 4431:8, 4444:13,4448:10, 4454:23,4459:24, 4467:18, 4472:9,4472:17, 4473:2, 4473:3,4474:3, 4484:1

wholeheartedly [1] - 4524:7wide [3] - 4389:25, 4467:4,

4467:20wife [2] - 4409:7, 4444:6wild [19] - 4286:4, 4290:15,

4290:16, 4293:17,4320:17, 4320:18,4326:16, 4337:21, 4338:9,4365:1, 4466:7, 4466:9,4466:12, 4466:18,4466:20, 4466:23,4484:10, 4484:17

wilderness [3] - 4339:14,4346:3, 4411:18

wildlife [8] - 4297:4,4457:22, 4457:24,4458:10, 4459:11, 4460:6,4462:3, 4511:20

William [3] - 4278:6,4278:20, 4279:19

William's [1] - 4439:10Williams [15] - 4280:17,

4318:14, 4396:15,4406:14, 4407:2, 4407:3,4407:14, 4409:11,4437:17, 4453:3, 4453:10,4453:15, 4491:4, 4508:15,4522:24

Willie [3] - 4379:17, 4392:4,4478:24

willing [1] - 4316:12Wilson [11] - 4274:14,

4278:1, 4334:5, 4353:22,4359:12, 4439:6, 4441:19,4456:7, 4457:4, 4475:15,4521:11

WILSON [5] - 4276:3,4439:7, 4439:8, 4446:13,4457:5

wind [4] - 4317:17, 4425:19,4425:23, 4425:25

window [1] - 4380:10winds [3] - 4421:25, 4422:1,

4422:2wings [1] - 4484:18winter [22] - 4284:15, 4285:3,

4285:6, 4288:9, 4298:3,4301:25, 4314:13, 4416:3,4431:25, 4433:5, 4433:6,4467:8, 4467:9, 4467:10,4468:15, 4471:24, 4472:7,4472:10, 4472:11,4472:15, 4472:19, 4473:1

winters [2] - 4297:23, 4298:3wintertime [2] - 4288:6,

4309:9wiped [1] - 4475:20wisdom [3] - 4277:6, 4283:9,

4329:1wish [12] - 4337:22, 4342:6,

4353:12, 4354:4, 4356:15,4356:24, 4498:4, 4506:12,4509:19, 4514:17, 4520:21

wishes [2] - 4281:10,4503:12

withering [1] - 4382:21WITNESS [1] - 4528:13witnessed [4] - 4370:21,

4371:1, 4510:10wolf [4] - 4296:1, 4296:2,

4296:5, 4296:7wolves [1] - 4295:25woman [3] - 4354:24,

4381:3, 4382:20women [2] - 4315:12,

4381:10wonder [10] - 4290:22,

4300:7, 4303:10, 4303:13,4310:1, 4383:11, 4393:4,4412:14, 4426:16, 4501:7

wondered [3] - 4372:10,4414:19, 4501:20

wonderful [1] - 4345:1wondering [2] - 4374:17,

4392:19wonders [1] - 4346:2wood [1] - 4292:6wooden [1] - 4496:20word [4] - 4289:11, 4335:12,

4404:20, 4490:9words [7] - 4306:4, 4328:25,

4329:9, 4375:18, 4392:13,4474:17, 4522:10

work's [2] - 4494:14,4494:16

workaholic [1] - 4284:7worker [1] - 4459:16

workplan [1] - 4524:25works [1] - 4303:3workshop [2] - 4363:5,

4384:23world [13] - 4336:9, 4340:12,

4350:10, 4355:21,4357:17, 4357:18, 4362:3,4370:22, 4372:1, 4449:9,4456:4, 4456:17, 4458:15

worldly [1] - 4410:8worried [3] - 4415:4,

4430:15, 4430:25worrisome [1] - 4414:5worry [5] - 4298:16, 4306:16,

4312:19, 4313:18, 4313:22worse [2] - 4313:12, 4460:4wort [1] - 4495:14worth [3] - 4449:10, 4456:2,

4481:16wow [2] - 4362:5, 4462:1Wows [1] - 4337:15write [3] - 4341:12, 4382:12,

4504:12writers [1] - 4336:15written [5] - 4281:4, 4281:8,

4283:15, 4305:7, 4356:8wrote [2] - 4353:6, 4410:2Xat'sull [3] - 4277:25,

4348:18, 4508:4Xeni [2] - 4278:6, 4278:20Xgat'tem [3] - 4379:15,

4478:20, 4487:24yahoos [1] - 4354:8yanked [1] - 4294:18yard [1] - 4507:7yards [2] - 4279:10, 4346:15Yarrow [3] - 4286:14,

4287:3, 4303:24year [44] - 4285:14, 4288:12,

4288:13, 4290:10, 4303:2,4304:5, 4314:1, 4319:7,4330:10, 4330:11,4340:23, 4342:14,4368:24, 4373:10, 4378:3,4378:5, 4386:17, 4398:6,4410:3, 4416:2, 4419:20,4419:25, 4421:1, 4422:13,4426:22, 4430:13,4430:17, 4431:24,4433:21, 4466:1, 4468:4,4468:18, 4468:19,4468:20, 4476:2, 4480:25,4486:2, 4487:1, 4496:16,4505:16

year's [1] - 4302:11year-and-a-half [1] - 4368:24year-round [2] - 4416:2,

4466:1years [79] - 4280:20,

4291:22, 4292:4, 4293:10,4293:18, 4294:1, 4297:6,



39

4300:23, 4302:17,4306:18, 4309:12,4313:24, 4315:15,4315:16, 4319:6, 4321:7,4325:10, 4325:13, 4330:6,4333:9, 4339:4, 4343:20,4348:7, 4355:12, 4358:8,4358:9, 4375:4, 4375:17,4377:1, 4377:6, 4377:7,4385:8, 4385:16, 4386:14,4392:2, 4397:3, 4403:2,4403:8, 4409:4, 4409:24,4415:23, 4421:5, 4421:18,4423:8, 4433:19, 4433:20,4440:19, 4441:10, 4445:1,4451:18, 4454:6, 4455:7,4456:18, 4463:7, 4463:10,4463:16, 4466:19, 4468:2,4468:3, 4469:4, 4469:8,4469:18, 4469:21,4469:23, 4469:24,4473:24, 4475:25, 4476:6,4476:25, 4479:10,4479:18, 4480:16, 4483:9,4483:24, 4496:14,4518:15, 4520:8, 4522:5

yellow [4] - 4307:21,4326:19, 4495:17, 4495:18

yellow-flowered [1] -4326:19

Yesterday [2] - 4317:5,4512:22

yesterday [34] - 4278:17,4278:23, 4279:5, 4281:25,4282:4, 4283:2, 4287:9,4287:10, 4290:19,4300:14, 4300:21, 4316:9,4342:25, 4343:3, 4352:3,4355:17, 4382:4, 4389:9,4389:13, 4408:22,4416:14, 4439:22,4442:16, 4465:16,4467:15, 4472:24, 4474:8,4488:5, 4488:22, 4488:25,4505:14, 4510:6, 4512:10,4525:10

York [1] - 4410:2young [9] - 4349:25, 4364:1,

4385:4, 4387:3, 4453:14,4453:19, 4454:23,4476:17, 4527:5

younger [2] - 4424:15,4459:1

youngest [3] - 4474:7,4474:10

yourself [7] - 4308:24,4396:13, 4398:5, 4414:13,4433:4, 4435:7, 4473:14

yourselves [1] - 4283:6youth [5] - 4361:15, 4361:25,

4381:9, 4407:13, 4523:8Zealand [1] - 4336:10



40

zones [1] - 4513:19zoom [1] - 4498:4

Volume 24_CERTIFIED

Documents

Transcript of Volume 24_CERTIFIED