International Research Institute MICAMultimedia, Information, Communication & Applications

UMI 2954Hanoi University of Science and Technology

1 Dai Co Viet - Hanoi - Vietnam

Vietnamese Tonal Co-articulation

NGUYEN Thi Lan, TRAN Do Dat

SpeechCom Department

MICA2012

Introduction

Vietnamese Tonal co-articulation

Experiment on particles

Conclusion

Contents

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Introduction

Co-articulation: the realization of isolated syllables depends on the context in continuous speech

Ex:Whole sentence: I saw that girl

individual words: /ai/ /sɔ:/ / ðat/ /gɜ:rl/

In context /ðak/ / gɜ:rl /

Reference: Crowley, Terry.  ”An Introduction to Historical Linguistics”. 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.

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Introduction

Anticipatory co-articulation (Right-To-Left)

Two types ofco-

articulation

Carryover co-articulation (Left-To-Right)

/ðak/ / gɜ:rl /

Reference: Crowley, Terry.  ”An Introduction to Historical Linguistics”. 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.

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Introduction

Vietnamese and Tonal co-articulation

Experiment on particles

Conclusion

Contents

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Vietnamese tonal Co-articulation Vietnamese: tonal and monosyllabic language

Tones: 6 tones. The tones are mainly effected by variation of F0.

Two states of tone: Static state: isolated syllables Dynamic state: syllables in continuous speech

ba bà bã bả bá bạthree

grandmothe

r

marc poison

king any

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The physical realization of a tone varies depending on its environment

Characteristics: bidirectional, progressive co-articulation Ex: a level tone starts higher after a rising tone than after a

falling tone

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Vietnamese tonal Co-articulation

MICA2012

Introduction

Vietnamese Tonal co-articulation

Experiment on particles

Conclusion

Contents

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ExperimentVietnamese lexical categories

Lexical categories Noun Adjective Pronoun Particle etc…

Ex: “Trước mẹ con vẫn gắp cho con kia!”(In meal my mother used to pick food for me)

or “Có một việc quan trọng phải nhờ cậu mới xong đây!”(There is an important work that we must need your

help) the particles have no meaning

Be frequently used in Vietnamese

conversations

Usually consists of one syllable

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ExperimentCorpus

Speech corpus: 144 sentences from 6 Vietnamese famous short stories: ( “Bóng mây chiều”, “Dế mèn” …)

Each sentence: an affirmative sentence and a particle at the last position

Ex: “Lâu lâu mới gặp lại, chị vào nhà tôi chơi / nhé!”

(We haven’t met each other for a long time, let’s come to my house)

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Experiment Corpus

Speech corpus144 sentences

Tone1 Tone2 Tone3 Tone4 Tone5 Tone6Tone1-1 Tone1-2 Tone1-3 Tone1-4 Tone1-5 Tone1-6Tone2-1 Tone2-2 Tone2-3 Tone2-4 Tone2-5 Tone2-6Tone3-1 Tone3-2 Tone3-3 Tone3-4 Tone3-5 Tone3-6Tone4-1 Tone4-2 Tone4-3 Tone4-4 Tone4-5 Tone4-6Tone5-1 Tone5-2 Tone5-3 Tone5-4 Tone5-5 Tone5-6Tone6-1 Tone6-2 Tone6-3 Tone6-4 Tone6-5 Tone6-6Rows: classified by the tone of particles

Columns: classified by the tone of syllables preceding particlesEx: “Lâu lâu mới gặp lại, chị vào nhà tôi chơi / nhé!” (We haven’t met each other for a long time, let’s come to my house) Big group: Tone5 and subgroup: Tone1-5

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ExperimentCorpus

We chose a male and female speaker to build the speech corpus.

The recording progress was taken place in a quite environment at a quiet studio.

Two best samples were selected to put into the corpus.

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Analysis Results

Group1-level tone

Group2-falling tone

Group3-broken tone

Group4-curve tone

Group5-rising tone

Group6-drop tonet: mean contours of subgroups in the corresponding

groups 13

)(0 HzF

)(0 HzF

)(0 HzF )(0 HzF

)(0 HzF

)(0 HzF

Pointsduration Normalized

Pointsduration Normalized

Pointsduration Normalized

Pointsduration Normalized

Pointsduration Normalized Pointsduration Normalized

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Analysis Results

Tonal co-articulation phenomenon always happens at the transition between two adjacent syllables.

F0 at the transition between two adjacent syllables varies in a large range.

F0 contour tends to converge at the final half of the particles.

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Analysis Results Tone1:

after ending the preceding syllable, F0 contours of Tone 1 tend to rise to the end of succeeding syllables and it only fall lightly at the last point.

Whereas, in the other studies the F0 contour of Tone 1 is quite stable and falls lightly down to the end of the succeeding syllable (same as Tone 1 in isolated syllable)

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)(0 HzF

Pointsduration Normalized

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Analysis Results Tone2:

F0 contour can start at either low or high register and either is stable or rises slightly at the last half of syllable.

Whereas, in static mode, Tone 2 starts lower than the level tone then falls slowly and its slope is never goes up.

In the other studies F0 contour of Tone 2 falls slowly.

The basic tonal co-articulation: progressive exists an affect of the function of particles on evolution of F0

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)(0 HzF

Pointsduration Normalized

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Introduction

Vietnamese Tonal co-articulation

Experiment on particles

Conclusion

Contents

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Conclusion

Vietnamese tonal co-articulation: Always happens between two adjacent syllables

The basic effected direction: progressive Lexical categories:

Have an affect on evolution of fundamental frequency contour

should be taken into when doing an analysis variation of fundamental frequency

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