The Title Wr-xrp.w-Hmw.wt as a proper Name in the New Kingdom, Horizon III (SCA, 2009), 217-226

TTTAAABBBLLLEEE OOOFFF CCCOOONNNTTTEEENNNTTTSSS

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Zahi HAWASS 9 Preface

Khaled DAWOUD 11 Foreword

Abdel Halim NUR EL-DIN 12 Acknowledgement

• A. Amin ABDEL-AZIZ 13-22 The Adoption Lawcodes in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

• Eid ABDEL-AZIZ 23-26 A New Year's Flask

• A. G. ABDEL-FATTAH and E. B. El-Din ABDEL-NAEEM 27-42 Christian Reliefs at Herakleopolis Magna

• Enas Bahi El-Din ABDEL-NAEEM 43-52 A block Statue form Sedment El-Gabal

• Abdel Latif H. AFANDY, A.I. El-Sonbaty, and S.S. Darwish 53-63 Conservation of Two old Yemeni Books

• Nageh Omar ALI 65-75 Three Stelae from Ain-Shams

• Khaled Ahmed Hamza AWAD 77-98 Zwei Denkmäler im Louvre: C. 28 und C. 179 (Tafeln 1-2)

• Atef AWADALLA 99-103 L’atelier de fabrication des stèles

• Lila M. AZZAM 105-108 The Demon %hAqq


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• Randa BALIGH 109-130 Some inherited customs and habits from ancient Egypt

• Nicola BONACASA 131-143 Labour, handcraft and profession in the Coroplastic Art of Graeco-Roman Egypt

• Edda BRESCIANI 145-146 Quelle aide de l’informatique au démotique ? Le cas du projet DEMOS

• Terence DuQUESNE 147-152 A Chantress of Upwawet in Asyut (stela Cairo CM 171)

• Sherin Sadek EL-GENDI 153-164 ‘ABD AL-@ALIM NUR AL-DIN: "The Human Being and the Egyptologist"

• Mahmoud EL-HAMRAWI 165-178 Das transitiv-aktivische und passivische Pseudopartizip der 1. Person Singular c. in der AR- und MR-Sprache

• Yahia EL-MASRY 179-196 Recent Excavations at El-Khazindariya in the 9th Nome of Upper Egypt

• Omaïma EL-SHAL 197-216 Les coiffures de Sethi Ier dans les chapelles divines de son Temple a Abydos

• Basem Samir EL-SHARKAWY 217-226

The Title Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) as a Proper Name in the New Kingdom


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• Mofida EL-WESHAHY 227-240 “%nwy”, The Father of Sobek

• Kata ENDREFFY 241-251 Reason for Despair: Notes on Some Demotic Letters to Thoth

• Ahmed ETMAN 253-260 Iside nel Mondo Greco-Romano con Riferimento Particolare al Trattato di Plutarco De Iside et Osiride

• Adel FARID 261-276 A Demotic Sale Contract of the Whole Property

• Magdi M. FEKRI 277-304 Les protecteurs du défunt dans la salle de sarcophage de la Vallée des Reines

• Khaled GHARIB 305-306 Le roi Ptolémée Néos Philopatre: Vue sur son règne

• Hoda Abd Allah KANDIL 307-320 The Role of the Knife in the Ancient Egyptian Beliefs

• Dieter KESSLER 321-338 The Personality of Petosiris and his Cult

• Ramy Samir MINA 339-351 REVIEW: The Influence of the Ancient Egyptian Language on the European Languages

• Hanifa MOURSI S.A. 353-406 The Family Love in Ancient Egypt

• Mohamed Gamal RASHED 407-420 Goddess Bat and the confusion with Hathor


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• Mohamed Gamal RASHED 421-448 Bat pendant and 'HqA BAt' title

• Louay Mahmoud SAIED 449-460 Enemies of the God or enemies of the State, on the Late @or-Shed Stelae? (Stela: J. 86115 in the Museum of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina) (Plates I-IV and Figures I-II)

• Faiza SAKR 461-468 Creative Writing of Ancient Egyptian Women

• G. SCHREIBER 469-481 Contribution to the topography of the late Third Intermediate Period necropolis at Thebes (Twenty-second – early Twenty-fifth Dynasties)

• Ian SHAW and Reem EL-KHODARY 483-491 Ahmose Nefertari, Tiye and Nefertiti: Deified or Dignified?

• Soheir Mohamed WAHID EL-DIN 493-500 Demotic Lists of Personal Names (Three Ostraca from Egyptian Museum at Cairo)

• Maha YEHIA 501-516 The word wnx.wj: its writings, determinatives, meaning and use in the Old Kingdom

• Sobhy A. YOUNIS 517-525 Further Remarks on the Biography of Mibtahiah

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The Title WrWrWrWr----xrpxrpxrpxrp(.w)(.w)(.w)(.w)----Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt) as a Proper Name in the New Kingdom *

Basem Samir EL-SHARKAWY **

It is known that wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt), 1 i.e. ‘Greatest of the directors of craftsmen’, is the title of the high-priest of the god Ptah at Memphis,2 as well as of a few high-ranking persons who hold the same title in Thebes, especially in the New Kingdom,3 such as the High-priest of Amun BAk-n-#nsw II (CG. 42155) who holds the title as a supervisor of Ptah’s cult in Thebes. We had also Mrj-PtH who carried the two titles: cm-priest in the temple of Ptah and wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw.wt of Heliopolis of Upper-Egypt.4

In the following article I will study the appearance of Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) on five monuments from that date back to the New Kingdom. They mention Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt),not as the title of the high-priest of the god Ptah at Memphis, but as a person’s name ( )that was given by H. Ranke, who translated the name, as same as the title, i.e. ‘der Oberste der Werkmeister’. 5

(Doc. 1) British Museum 845, Statue of the High Priest of Ptah, @rj@rj@rj@rj, made by his son WrWrWrWr----xrpxrpxrpxrp(.w)(.w)(.w)(.w)----Hmw(.Hmw(.Hmw(.Hmw(.wwwwt)t)t)t) 6 (Fig. 1) Date: Nineteenth Dynasty. Provenance: Not Recorded. Date of acquisition: 1859 (purchased from T. O. Feetham). Material: Limestone. Dimension: 33 cm h., 17 cm w., 31.5 cm deep. The lower part of a kneeling statue holding before it a naos in which there is a figure of the god Ptah. The upper part of the statue comprising the head and torso is lost. The surviving portion is badly worn out in different places and is heavily pitted. There are no traces of colours.

Werkherp(u)Hemu the son of Hori who holds the titles: ‘Hereditary nobleman, Count, God’s father, beloved of the god, cm-priest, the Greatest of the directors of craftsmen’ on the naos and on the back-pillar, was mentioned in the inscriptions on both sides of the naos and is represented standing in sunk-relief. His hand is in a position of adoration, with his name and with the titles as shown in (Fig. 1, E and F).

The title WrWrWrWr----xrp(.w)xrp(.w)xrp(.w)xrp(.w)----Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt) as a proper name in the New Kingdom

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Fig. 1: British Museum 845 (After: Bierbrier, British Museum. Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae 10, pls. 36-39)

Basem Samir El-Sharkawy

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On the left side of the naos (Fig. 1, E), four vertical columns: [ ]

cm wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) @rj sA wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) #a(.j)-m-WAc.t, ir.n sA(.f) canx rn.wj, wab Xrj-Hb.t n PtH: Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) [mAa](-xrw)

‘… cm-priest, the Greatest of the directors of craftsmen, @rj, son of the Greatest of the directors of craftsmen, #a(.j)-m-WAc.t, (the statue) was made by (his) son, to give life to (their) two names (i.e. his father and his grandfather), wab-priest and lector-priest of Ptah, Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt), [just](ified)’.

On the right side of the naos (Fig. 1, F), five vertical columns:

n kA n wab Xrj-Hb.t n PtH: Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) mAa-[xrw], sA wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) @r(j) ‘For the kA of the wab-priest and lector-priest of Ptah, Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt), just[ified],

son of the Greatest of the directors of craftsmen, @r(j)’.

On the bottom of the right side of the naos (Fig. 1, F), three horizontal lines:

n kA (n) wab Xrj-Hb.t n PtH: Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) mAa-xrw ‘For the kA of the wab-priest and lector-priest of Ptah, Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt), justified’.

So this statue with its naos was made by Wr-xrp-Hmww (Bierbrier’s reading) 7 or

@mww-wr-cxm (De Meulenaere’s reading) 8 and dedicated to his father, the High Priest of Ptah @rj, son of the High Priest of Ptah #a(.j)-m-WAc.t who was considered as Prince Khaaemwese son of Ramesses II by Bierbrier, which means that Hori is the king’s grandson. Bierbrier admits that Werkherp(u)Hemu, who “was from a royal race”, “appears to be otherwise unknown, although the rest of his family members, such as his father and grandfather”.

But because there is no evidence here that Khaaemwese of this statue is the famous Prince who carried the same name, so the researcher suggests that he could be another person!9


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(Doc. 2) Leiden V 57, Stele of Wr Wr Wr Wr----xrp(.w)xrp(.w)xrp(.w)xrp(.w)----Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt) ‘who called @rj@rj@rj@rj’, the son of the deputy of Ptah temple %wnrj%wnrj%wnrj%wnrj 10 Date: Nineteenth Dynasty (according to some artistic and structural properties, such as writing nnnn(y)(y)(y)(y) of genitive with -sign). Provenance: Not Recorded (It seems to be from Saqqara).

In the first register, we find a man before the god Ra-@r-Axtj with the following inscription:

[1] wab n PtH Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) mAa-xrw, Dd (.tw) n.f @rj mAa-xrw

‘wab-priest of Ptah, Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt), just(ified), who was (also) called @rj,justified’.

Then we find a couple before Osiris, the man who holds the title idnw n pr PtH ‘the deputy of Ptah temple’ called %wnrj the justified, and the woman who holds the title (i.e. ‘the wife’) called &A-mjt the justified.

In the second register, a couple before an offering table, the man with a vertical inscription:

[2] wab n PtH @rj mAa-xrw

‘wab-priest of Ptah, @rj, justified’.

While his wife held the title sSSt n Nbt-Htp.t ‘a musician of (goddess)

Nbt-Htp.t (i.e. Hathor 11)’ and was called the justified, her name was also written in another place on this stele. In front of both of them there are four persons: his son the wab-priest of Ptah PA-nDm, justified,his daughter the lady of the house @sj(.t)-Ra, justified, a female called #a.tj, justified, and his daughter the lady of the house Ppjj (sic.), justified.

Another couple below is in the third register:


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‘the wab-priest of Ptah, @rj, son of the deputy(?) %wnrj’, and his

wife .Before them there are four persons:

(1) his son the wab-priest of Ptah %wnrj,

(2) the wab-priest of Ptah PA-Hm-nTr,

(3) his daughter Act,

(4) his daughter &A-bAbA (sic.), justified.

Finally we find the text of the Htp-dj-nsw-formula of Wcir on the left dedicated to:

n Wcir wab Xrj-Hb.t n PtH: @rj mAa-xrw ‘For the Osiris wab-priest and lector-priest of Ptah, @rj, justified’. While on the right, we find another-formula:

Htp-dj-nsw PtH-%krj-Wcir, Hrj-tp ^Tjt, nTr aA, nb RA-sTAw

NN

di .f TAw, qbH (sic.), ……... n Wcir NN ‘to give him (i.e. Wr-xrp.w-Hmw.wt = @rj) wind, cold water .... to the Osiris NN’.

(Doc. 3) München, Antiquarium 15, Stele of NxtNxtNxtNxt 12 Date: Eighteenth Dynasty (according to Ch. Maystre).

Before the deceased, i.e. Nxt and his wife, in the second register of the seated persons, the third figure holds [the name]:

‘Wr-xrp-Hmw.(w)t’


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(Doc. 4) Mannheim, Schloßmuseum

Ushabti carried the name: Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw.(w)t. 13

(Doc. 5) Philadelphia, University Museum, kneeling headless sandstone statue E. 12038 Finally we have from the New Kingdom, a headless kneeling sandstone Statue of the

‘wab-priest of Ptah, #a(.j)-m-WAc.t’, which was dedicated to him by his son ‘the

scribe Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw.(wt) (Wer-kherpu-Hmut)’. The statue was founded on the 'South Pylon' and 'Palace of the king Merenptah' areas at Kom-el-Qalaa, Mit-Rahinah. 14

Conclusion:

We shall conclude from the upper five documents that we have at least three persons who held the name Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw(.wt) (WerkherpuHemu), one of them was from the Eighteenth Dynasty (Documents 3 to 5), and two of them (first two documents, BM 845 and Leiden V 57) were from the Nineteenth Dynasty:

1- From the way the name was written in the last three monuments (Documents 3 to 5), almost with the feminine- and demonstrative signs, we shall consider that they belong to the same person Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw.(w)t from the Eighteenth Dynasty, who held the title ‘the scribe’ and was the son of ‘wab-priest of Ptah’, #a(.j)-m-WAc.t (Chart 1).

2- The first Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw.(w)t from the Nineteenth Dynasty, mentioned on BM 845 (Fig. 1), held the titles of ‘wab-priest and lector-priest of Ptah’, and he was the son of a ‘Hereditary nobleman, Count, God’s father, beloved of the god, the cm-priest, the Greatest of the directors of craftsmen (i.e. High Priest of Ptah at Memphis)’, @rj, son of ‘the Greatest of the directors of craftsmen’, #a(.j)-m-WAc.t (Chart 2).

3- The second ‘Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw.(w)t’ from the Nineteenth Dynasty, is of Leiden V 57 (Chart 3), who is called also @rj, and was born to ‘the deputy (idnw) of the Ptah temple,

%wnrj’ from his wife &A-mjt. He held the titles of ‘wab-priest and lector-priest of Ptah’, and married ‘the musician of Nbt-Htpt (Hathor)’ called

(or: ). This ‘Wr-xrp(.w)-Hmw.(w)t’, called


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also @rj, had two sons and four daughters: the wab-priest of Ptah PA-nDm, the

wab-priest of Ptah %wnrj, the lady of the house @sj(.t)-Ra, the lady of the

house Ppjj, Act, and &A-bAbA.

It was not the only recorded case in which one of the highly-ranked priestly titles was used as a name, as it happened with the title of the High priest of Memphis when it was used as a name during the New Kingdom 15 (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasties). We have also, for example, the title of the High priest of Heliopolis (also in Hermonthis ‘Armant’, Thebes, and Amarna), i.e. wr-mA(w) ‘the Great Seer’, 16 which was used as a name, , by the males in the New Kingdom; 17 and the title of the High priest of Hermopolis, i.e. wr-dj.w ‘the Great of the Five’, 18 which was used also as a name by the males: , Wr-dj.w

in the Late Period;19 as well as with the singular masculine definite article, , ,

PA-wr-djw (Greek: Παρτις , Coptic: pouerteiou) in the Greco-Roman period.20


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Charts

Doc. 5 - Philadelphia, Doc. 1 - BM 845 (19th Dyn.) University Museum, E. 12038 (18th Dyn.)

Chart (1) Chart (2)

Doc. 2 - Leiden V 57 (19th Dyn.)

+

=+

or

Chart (3)

+ marriage = called also


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Endnotes: * I would like to dedicate my small contribution in the present article with gratitude to my spiritual father

Prof. Dr. Abdel Halim Nur el-Din to whom I owe every success, wishing him ‘life, prosperity, and health’.I hope that the following paper may serve as a token of respect and admiration for his long and brilliant career in Egyptology. I want here also to express my gratefulness to Mr. Rami Samir Mina for checking the English in this article. It was presented in the International Academic Ceremony to honour Professor of Egyptology M. A.-H. Nur el-Din as: 'The title WrWrWrWr----xrp(.w)xrp(.w)xrp(.w)xrp(.w)----Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt)Hmw(.wt) in the New Kingdom: A Proper name or a title of the High-priest of Ptah at Memphis? (Re-using the title as a name during the New Kingdom)'.

** My M.A. Thesis entitled: The Memphite Priesthood till the beginning of the Ptolemaic Period (IN ARABIC WITH ENGLISH COVER, CONTENTS AND ABSTRACT), 2 parts, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Abdel Halim Nur el-Din & Dr. Farouk Hafez el-Qady, History Department (Ain-Shams University: Faculty of Arts, [August] 2003); and Ph.-D. Thesis entitled: The High-Priests of the deity +Hwtj in Ancient Egypt, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Abdel Halim Nur el-Din & Prof. Dr. Faiza Mahmud Saqr, Egyptian and Islamic History and Archaeology Department (Alexandria University: Faculty of Arts, Damanhor Branch) [registered since 4 September 2004 and not discussed yet].

1 About this recent reading, its translation and the others, see: Dilwyn Jones, An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets and Phrases of the Old Kingdom, 2 vols., BAR International Series 866 (I & II), Archaeopress, Publishers of British Archaeological Reports (Oxford-England, 2000), vol. 1, 391-392 (no. 1450), 393-394 (nos. 1452-1453); Basem Samir El-Sharkawy, ‘ , A New “Greatest of the Directors of craftsmen” from Mit-Rahinah’, Abgadiyat 2 (Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Calligraphy Center, 2007), 22 (right column, top), 27 (Endnote no. 4); also: Basem Samir El-Sharkawy, ‘A New List of the High-priests of Ptah at Memphis: (1) Till the End of Ancient Egyptian History (332 BCE). Part 1: Up-to the End of the New Kingdom’, Abgadiyat 3 (Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Calligraphy Center, 2008), 22-48 (Endnote no. 4). About HmwwtHmwwtHmwwtHmwwt as ‘craftsmen’: Janice Karmin, Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs: a Practical Guide, A step-by-step approach to learning ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, illustrations by Gustavo Camps, The American University in Cairo Press, First published in Egypt (Cairo, 2005), 116, 253.

2 See: Basem Samir Louis Yacoub El-Sharkawy, The Memphite Priesthood till the Beginning of the Ptolemaic Period, 2 parts [WRITTEN IN ARABIC WITH ENGLISH CONTENTS AND SUMMARY], M.A. Thesis under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Abd el-Halim Nour el-Din and Dr. Farouk Hafez el-Qady, History Department, Faculty of Arts, Ain-Shams University (Cairo-Egypt, 2003), Part I: 194-316, 382-402, 407-410, 470, 472, 474, 476, 477-479; Part II: 504-642 (inscriptions nos. 1-189) = 872-1009 (figs. 134-232). Compare with: Wb. I, 329: 12; Charles Maystre, Les grands prêtres de Ptah de Memphis (Ph.-D., 1948), OBO 113, Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz, Vandenhock & Ruprecht (Göttingen-Schweiz, 1992); Dieter Wildung, ‘Hoherpriester von Memphis’, LÄ II (1977), 1256-1263.

3 See: B. S. El-Sharkawy, Memphite Priesthood, I: 213 (n. 196), 287 (n. 433), 289 (n. 444). IN ARABIC 4 Ch. Maystre, Les grands prêtres de Ptah de Memphis, 15 (footnote no. 3). 5 H. Ranke, PN = Die Ägyptischen Personennamen I-II (Glückstadt, 1935-1952), part I, 81: 18 (‘m. NR’). 6 [E. A. W. Budge,] A Guide to the Egyptian Galleries (Sculpture), [British Museum], ([London], 1909), 240, no.

878 (was identified as a monument from XXVI Dyn.); KRI IV, 293; M. L. Bierbrier (ed.), The British Museum. Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae, part 10, The Trustess of the British Museum, British Museum Publications Limited (London, 1982), 18, pls. 36-39.

7 Bierbrier, BM. Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae 10, 18. 8 For the alternative reading of the title from which the name is derived see: H. De Meulenaere, in Berlin

Museum, Festschrift zum 150jährigen Bestehen des Berliner Ägyptischen Museums (Berlin, 1974), 183-184 and, opposed to his interpretation: H. G. Fischer, Egyptian Studies I: Varia, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, 1976), 66-67.

9 See: Basem S. El-Sharkawy, Memphite Priesthood, M.A. Thesis (Ain-Shams University, 2003), I: 293; II: 555 (Insc. no. 87, and footnote no. 54). IN ARABIC

10 P. A. A. Boeser & A. E. J. Holwerda, Beschreibung der ägyptischen Sammlung des Niederländischen Reichsmuseums … in Leiden, 11 vols. (Copenhague, 1908-1918) VI, pl. 20; H. Ranke, PN I, 81: 18; Ch.


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Maystre, Les grands prêtres de Ptah de Memphis, 347-8; Basem S. El-Sharkawy, Memphite Priesthood,M.A. (2003), II: 608-609 (Insc. no. 160). IN ARABIC

11 Wb. III, 195: 10; cf. 195: 9. 12 Sammlung des ägyptologischen Seminars der Universität München, im Schloß. Antiquarium zu München

(1901), 80 ff; K. Dyroff and B. Pörtner, München ägyptische Grabsteine und Denksteine aus süddeutschen Sammlungen, herausgegeben von W. Spiegelberg, (Straßburg, 1904), 24, pl. 16; H. Ranke, PN I, 81: 18; Maystre, Les grands prêtres de Ptah de Memphis, 348; Basem S. El-Sharkawy, Memphite Priesthood, M.A. (2003), II: 609 (Insc. no. 161). IN ARABIC

13 H. Ranke, PN I, 81: 18; Ch. Maystre, Les grands prêtres de Ptah de Memphis, 348; B. S. El-Sharkawy, Memphite Priesthood, M.A. Thesis (Ain Shams Uni., 2003), II: 609 (Insc. no. 162). IN ARABIC

14 PM III2 (Oxford, 1981), 858 (bottom). 15 Ranke, PN I, 81: 18 (‘m. NR’). 16 See: Wb. I, 329: 7-10. 17 See: H. Ranke, PN I, 81: 2, ‘der Grösste der Sehenden’ (?); Louvre, Grabstein ohne No.; CG. 25029: G.

Daressy, Ostraca: Catalouge Générale des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, Nos. 25001-25385 (Le Caire, 1901), pl. VI; cf. H. Ranke, PN I, 81: 3.

18 See: Wb. I, 329: 14. 19 See: H. Ranke, PN I, 82: 4, ‘der Grösste der Fünf’; cf. ASAE 16, 84; Hieldesheim 1629. 20 See: H. Ranke, PN I, 104: 7; cf. ASAE 21, 85, 88, 89; F. Ll. Griffith, Catalogue of the Demotic Papyri in the

John Rylands Library, Manchester, Vol. III (Manchester-London, 1909), 441.

The Title Wr-xrp.w-Hmw.wt as a proper Name in the New Kingdom, Horizon III (SCA, 2009), 217-226

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Transcript of The Title Wr-xrp.w-Hmw.wt as a proper Name in the New Kingdom, Horizon III (SCA, 2009), 217-226