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PLACES AND TECHNOLOGIES 2014

PROCEEDINGS OF FIRST INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE ON PLACES AND

TECHNOLOGIES

International Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, Places and Technologies 2014, will be the first conference organized by Univerisity of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture, Professional association Urban Laboratory and University of Belgrade – Faculty of Philosophy.

Editors: Dr Eva Vaništa Lazarević, Dr Aleksandra Krstić-Furundžić, Dr Aleksandra Đukić and Dr Milena Vukmirović

For publisher: Dr Vladan Đokić

Publisher: University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture

Design: Stanislav Mirković

Place and year: Belgrade 2014

ISBN 978-86-7924-114-6

CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 711.4.01(082)(0.034.2) 711.4:005.591.6(082)(0.034.2)

INTERNATIONAL Academic Conference on Places and Technologies (1st ; 2014 ; Belgrade) Places and Technologies 2014 [Elektronski izvori] : keeping up with technologies to improve places : conference proceedings : 1st international academic conference, Belgrade, 3-4. April 2014 / [organized by Univerisity of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture, Professional Association Urban Laboratory and University of Belgrade - Faculty of Philosophy] ; editors Eva Vaništa Lazarević ... [et al.]. - Belgrade : Faculty of Architecture, 2014 (Belgrade : Faculty of Architecture). - 1 USB fleš memorija ; 1 x 2 x 14 cm Sistemski zahtevi: Nisu navedeni. - Nasl. sa naslovnog ekrana. - Tiraž 150. - Bibliografija uz svaki rad. ISBN 978-86-7924-114-6 1. Vaništa Lazarević, Eva, 1961- [уредник] 2. Faculty of Architecture (Belgrade) a) Градови - Мултидисциплинарни приступ - Зборници b) Урбанистичко планирање - Технолошки развој - Зборници COBISS.SR-ID 206380812

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THE SMART CITY FOR THE .FUTURE HOW A SPATIALLY ENABLED

AFFECTED BY URBAN PO ?PULATION

Shahryar Habibi PhD candidate, University of Ferrara, Via Quartieri 8, 44100 Ferrara, Italy hbbshr@unife.it

ABSTRACT

In our contemporary life, cities are considered as the most active areas of life. However, they encounter pressing issues such as exponential growth of population, which eventually leads to unlimited spaces. In order to define a proposed city in terms of its appropriateness, which is not only “spatially enabled” but also “smart city”, there should be an adoption of two different closely interrelated fields that will affect urban regional structures transformation and sustainable development in both urban planning and urban studies. This paper seeks to provide a methodology that is related to spatially enabled categories in tandem with speculations on how each category can enhance ‘the Smart City agenda’. In this study we introduce Integrated Services-Technology Devices (STD) that can provide solutions to solving challenges in integration Smart-City with conserving cultural, art and living’s style.

Keywords: Smart City, Urban design, ICT, Spatially enabled.

INTRODUCTION

The rise of Smart Cities across the world due to environmental and climate crisis is one of the most important issues related to urban design concepts and principles in the planning cities. As for the Smart Cities, the urgency of improving the ability of cities to competitiveness and sustainable growth, has focused the attention of administrators and politicians towards logic aimed at providing a desired level of quality in areas such as housing, economy, culture, social welfare, and environmental conditions.

In the cities, social and economic phenomena play the most important factors in the formation of urban structure. Therefore, to achieve adequate infrastructure to Smart Cities will have to examine these factors evidently and mention of culture can be viewed in Smart City without expect to increase the quality or the level of satisfaction of their lifestyle. The planning regulations intervenes in the context of urban life and through the adjustment of the indices of urbanization to emerging requirements can aspire to the definition of an improvement of public life in the city. However, to create a stable environment for the better management of local resources in order to increase energy efficiency of the resources needed to pay more attention to innovative projects in urban design.

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Issues of a new anthropological configuration of habitat, sociological and economic repercussions including demographic and social skills need to be reviewed and developed by new technologies and innovations that could protect city's arts, culture policy and cultural heritage to provide a stable and sustainability environment. To present considerations, urban design role as a tool of investigation to create new strategies and innovation technologies.

URBAN DESIGN STRATEGIES AND SMART CITY

Urban design strategies are needed to build the structure for guiding the future development of key elements that should be taken to improve the public realm and community. Cities due to urban population growths and increase in energy demand need to the basic of fundamental changes in the urban fabric. Urban design and sustainable development can play a role important to identify requirements and to develop new innovative ways to replace it.

The growing demographic, economic, social, and environmental importance of the

world’s cities creates both challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, the

world’s growing cities can easily become chaotic and disordered places which contribute further to climate change and social inequality (C. Cluster 2012). Cities can be seen as motors used to move towards sustainable development, and the management of these complex systems requires innovative and sophisticated planning tools and concepts (Rotmans, et al. 2000).

The global urbanisation trend is creating an urgency to find smarter ways to manage its accompanying challenges. A common fact underlies the practices that is, those cities are meeting a growing demand for more liveable cities. The cities are being labelled with a common phrase: Smart City. The concept of Smart City is not novel, but in the recent years it has taken on a new dimension of using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to build and integrate critical infrastructures and services of a city. The initiatives of making a Smart City have recently emerged as a model to mitigate and remedy current urban problems and make cities better as places to live. Hence some view Smart City as an icon of a sustainably liveable city (Nam, et al . 2011). The concept of the Smart City has six main dimensions: smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, and smart governance. It is defined as being “smart when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic development and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory governance” (R. Giffinger, et

al. 2010) (J.Lee, et al . 2012 ) therefore, to achieve a Smart City not only in

technology but must also consider the strategies cited.

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TECHNOLOGY AND SMART CITY

The mentioned urgency of improving the quality of urban competitiveness for sustainable growth is goal of attention to the government, city, place makers and policy makers. These challenges facing with globalization of energy demand and energy crisis in proceeding as quickly as possible in making Smart Cities, and in this sense, the label Smart City in its various meanings and the term agenda are very fashionable in the speeches of practice in recent years.

The deployment of connected sensors and immersive information technologies that suffice for a city to become 'smart' has its tradition in a positivist perspective that sees technology as salvation to both perceived and unperceived problems, examples of which date back to Friedrich von Knauss' "Wundermaschine"(miracle machine)

from the mid‐eighteenth century (Argyris, et al. 1995).

A “spatially enabled society is an evolving concept where location, place and any other spatial information are available to governments, citizens and businesses as a means of organizing their activities and information” (Williamson, et al. 2010). Most recent definitions state that to be considered as spatially enabled, an organization (city, local government, society), must first consider location and spatial information as common goods, and then make it available in order to stimulate innovation (Africa, C. 2011) .

For example, there are so many projects by the MIT SENSEable City Lab (S. Roche,

et al. 2012) that speculate on work studying how technology can empower spatially enable the urban population of smartening thereby contribute to the city in which they live. The case of the Copenhagen Wheel is one of them. It is the retrofit a

conventional bicycle that transforms it into a sensing device movable.

Figure 1: Copenhagen Wheel, MIT Senseable City Lab project.

FOR A NEW SPATIAL PLANNING. OBJECTIVE: THE LIVING CITY

The theoretical model of Smart City, is based on objectives such as land conservation and a spread model of sustainable urban development. The

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development of infrastructure is according to the principles that just mentioned like search for effective transportation systems and efficiency in use of the territory, which include revision of the control process of urban growth, the balance, the preservation of the culture and values of tradition, the promotion of urban telecommunications more efficient, low-cost and diffusion of innovative technologies.

Smart Cities need not be thought of as cities of the future. They can be the cities of the present. By the end of the current decade, many technologies critical to a Smart City, including monitoring and sensor technologies, intelligent traffic systems, and energy management systems for buildings, will be deployed on every continent. And while no single solution defines a smart city, the technologies being put in place

today are pieces of the smart city puzzle (C. Aoun, 2013) . In 2008, IBM has

conducted several research projects for the development of study on Smart Cities, in particular on methods and technologies for the optimization of communication in contemporary cities by working on enhanced data communications and national infrastructure (Figure 2).

Figure 2: The proposed project as national infrastructure by IBM.

ROLE OF ART AND COMMUNITY CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SMART CITY

Definition of ideas social, culture, economy, art and etc. depend on role of their developments in Smart City. To define these roles that how Smart City can cover the area of living, community, health, education, security, transportation, environment , culture and urban art and reveal the importance role of these factors in Smart Cities need to determine connections between there. The role of community cultural and art in cities is growing in ways that begin to reshape the cultural landscape of the city. Such as, social or political places involvement in the development of city's culture and art strategy. Smart City as connection between culture, art and technology can play a role in their development process.

Data and methods

Currently, many cities are faced with teething challenges in the urban context, such as an increase in energy demand, high population density, increasing individual

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mobility, urban sprawl, demographic change, scarce resource, increasing the number of natural disasters and climate change. In order to rectify these aforementioned challenges arguably, the most practicable device that can be used to build a Smart City that include Integrated Services-Technology Devices (STD). Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to outline an integrated framework to support strategic planning in developing spatially enabled Smart City that can provide an easy to use information related to intelligence technologies for individual needs and community with preserving artistic, cultural and public areas.

STD has identified a strategic plan needs, identifies the mission, strategic priorities, critical success factors of Smart City and find the most appropriate technological model for STD in harmony with the existing technologies and social community. The research presented in this paper is based on data from two sources, namely the mobile phone network, and the social web. To illustrate methodology it need to first develop a common language for all process. For example, there are assuming two

sensing as urban sensing and social sensing that include the mobile phone network

and the social web sources. In urban sensing propose to collect several kinds of

information and date about environmental conditions such as traffic flow, location of users, weather reports, pollution levels, delays of transport services, parking occupancy and availability , providing real-time information about traffic congestion city traffic, control rooms, physical sensors installed in the urban area that include CO2 sensors, temperature sensors and social sensing introduces information about cultural community and arts places in urban area and allowed to create a new user account to access virtual tour, visiting online places, online shopping and detect events in museums, parks, cinema and etc. Figure 3 shows two example of technologies used in Smart Cities. Figure 3 shows two example of technologies used in smart cities.

Figure 3. A) CO2GO Mobile Application, (MIT SENSEable City Lab,left), B) Innovative systems for

heating and / or cooling urban to support the initiative Smart Cities (R. Pagani, 2011, right)

CONCLUSION

This paper has tried to explore how innovation related to the network and internet for the future cities. In the context of ICT in fact we were able to detect changes in computer like those of ICT-enabled environments - which represent advanced

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research infrastructures in this specific field which aims to increase and make the shared quality of the city of the future. The experiments in this direction are leading to the improvement of methodologies such as STD purposely as new technologies for the development of Smart Cities. The hardware and software technologies for communications and sensorialization are among the first developed for the purpose and still have significant scope for calibration and functional expansion. Their fortune is inherent in their capacity to have provided a plausible vision - complete and integrated picture of current and future trends to develop that intelligence required today to the city. In conclusion, the objective of this work can be seen in a wide ranging survey of borders offers for the Smart City by the new instrumentations of "sensorialization of social" to investigate how they can through a scientifically correct research and well projected, be adapted with the complex world of the actors of the construction process so that even this will help, not only with the generation of works of architecture, but also with new procedural models to the new intelligence urban.

REFERENCES

Africa, C., (2011), What does it take to be spatially enabled? http://www.futuregov.in/blog/2011/may/25/what‐does‐it‐take‐be‐spatiallyenabled/

Argyris, C., and Schön, D., (1995), Organizational Learning II: Theory, Method and Practice, Reading, MA, Addison‐Wesley, 1995.

Charbel Aoun, 2013, The Smart City Cornerstone: Urban Efficiency Schneider

Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster. 2012. Danish Smart Cities: Sustainable Living in an Urban World. Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster : 2 - 41.

R. Giffinger, H. Gudrun, 2010. Smart cities ranking: an effective instrument for the positioning of cities? ACE: Architecture, City & Environ. 4 (12) (2010) 7–25 (2010).

Roberto Pagani, 2011 Politecnico di Torino TORINO SMART CITY Torino.

Rotmans, Jan, Marjolein van Asselt, and Pier Vellinga. 2000. Assessment methodologies for urban infrastructure: An integrated planning tool for sustainable cities. Environmental Impact Assessment review 20: 265 –276.

Jung Hoon Lee, Robert Phaal, Sang-Ho Lee. 2012. An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development 29 September 2012 Elsevier.

Nam, Taewoo, and Theresa A. Pardo . 2011. Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People, and Institutions . Proceedings of the 12 th Annual International Conference

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Williamson, I., Rajabifard, A., and Holland, P., (2010), Spatially Enabled Society, Proceedings of the FIG Congress 2010, “Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity, Sydney.

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