The representation of the West Indies in the early Iberian cartography (ppt)

S o c i e t y f o r t h e H i s t o r y

o f D i s c o v e r i e s

5 4 t h A n n u a l M e e t i n g

O c t o b e r 3 1 - N o v e m b e r 3 ,

2 0 1 3

T a m p a , F l o r i d a

THE REPRESENTATION OF THE

WEST INDIES IN THE EARLY

IBERIAN CARTOGRAPHY

A CARTOMETRIC APPROACH

J o a q u i m A l v e s G a s p a r

a l v e s g a s p a r @ n e t c a b o . p t

Amazona leucocephala

JUAN DE LA COSA, 1500

Juan de la Cosa, 1500. Museo Naval, Madrid 2

Piri Reis, 1513. Topkapi Palace-Museum, Istanbul



3





2 0 1 3


PIRI REIS, 1513




4





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Juan de la Cosa, 1500. Museo Naval, Madrid

PIRI REIS & JUAN DE LA COSA

5

Hispaniola

Puerto Rico

Lesser Antilles

Cuba

Cuba

Hispaniola

Puerto Rico

Lesser Antilles




6





2 0 1 3


7





2 0 1 3




THE ARRIVAL OF COLUMBUS TO ASIA

Martellus (Yale), c. 1489

Piri Reis, 1513

Martin Behaim, c. 1492 (facsimile)

Catay

Cipango

Catay ?

Cipango ?

Catay

Cipango

8




9





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CANTINO PLANISPHERE, 1502



10





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COLUMBUS (c. 1496)

versus JUAN DE LA COSA (1500)

Cuba

Hispaniola Cuba

Hispaniola

11

Piri Reis, 1513 [c. 1496]

CAVERIO PLANISPHERE, c. 1504



12 Nicolay de Caverio (c. 1504). Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris





2 0 1 3


13

Martin Waldseemuller (1507). Library of Congress, Washington Martin Waldseemuller (1516). Library of Congress, Washington

Johannes Ruysch (1507-08)





2 0 1 3


CARTOGRAPHIC ACCURACY

AND EVOLUTION



JUAN DE LA COSA, 1500

Juan de la Cosa, 1500. Museo Naval, Madrid 15

Modern map (Mercator proj.)

Cuba (Catay)

Hispaniola

(Cipango)

Cuba

Hispaniola

Equator

Tropic of Cancer

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

16

Piri Reis, 1513 [c. 1496]

Freducci > 1513

Florida

Anonymous Spanish, 1518 Atlas Miller, c. 1519

17

Cavério, c. 1504

Catay

Cantino, 1502

Catay

Cuba Hispaniola Cuba

Hispaniola

Jorge Reinel, c. 1519 [Kunstmann IV] Anonymous (Turim), 1523 D. Ribeiro, 1525

Cuba

Hispaniola

Cuba

Hispaniola

King-Hamy, c. 1504

Freducci > 1513

Florida


18

Cavério, c. 1504

Catay

Cantino, 1502

Catay


Hispaniola

Hamy-King, c. 1504


Cuba

Hispaniola

Cuba

Hispaniola

Cuba

KUNSTMANN IV, c. 1519

Anonymous [Jorge and Pedro Reinel?]. Facsimile (Otto Progel, 1843). Bibliothèque nationale de France 19

Freducci > 1513

Florida


20

Cavério, c. 1504

Catay

Cantino, 1502

Catay


Hispaniola

Hamy-King, c. 1504


Cuba

Hispaniola

Cuba

Hispaniola

Cuba

Cuba

Hispaniola

Trinidad

Jamaica Puerto Rico

21

Latitude accuracy







2 0 1 3


22

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Juan de la Cosa (1500)

C. Maisi

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Cantino (1502)

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Caverio (c. 1504)

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

King - Hamy (c. 1504)

23

Cuba

Hispaniola

Cathay

Cuba

Hispaniola

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Maggiolo (c. 1504)

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Anonymous (1518)

24

Florida

Cuba

Hispaniola

Cuba

Hispaniola

10º

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Anonymous Turin (1523)

25

Florida

Cuba

Hispaniola

26

Anonymous [Diogo Ribeiro], 1525. Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, Modena

Anonymous [Nuño Garcia de Toreno?], 1525. Biblioteca Laurenziana, Firenze

Castiglioni Planisphere

Salviati Planisphere

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

D. Ribeiro (1525) [Castiglioni]

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Nuño García de Toreno? (1525)

[Salviati]

27

CASA DE CONTRATACIÓN

AND PADRÓN REAL





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29

DIOGO RIBEIRO, 1525

Anonymous [Diogo Ribeiro], 1525. Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, Modena

30

Quadrant

Astrolabe

Astronomical

circle

31

WHY SO BIG? S o c i e t y f o r t h e H i s t o r y




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Two conflicting geographical models affect the

cartography of the Caribbean Sea in the beginning of

the sixteenth century:

One derived from the navigational practice and

materialized in Juan de la Cosa’s planisphere;

And the other from Columbus conviction of having

reached the Indies

32

CONCLUSIONS (I)

During the first quarter of the sixteenth century the

cartography of the Caribbean Sea was of the

portolan-chart type, reflecting the navigational

methods practiced by the Spanish pilots.

The earliest extant latitude charts of the region are

the planispheres of Salviati and Castiglioni, of 1525.

33

CONCLUSIONS (II)

The cartographic production of the Casa de

Contratación, who appeared to have remained

marginal for a considerable time after its creation,

went through a remarkable qualitative and

quantitative improvement, from about 1518 on.

That was triggered by the preparation of Magellan’s

mission and made possible by the technological

assistance of Portuguese pilots and cartographers.

34

CONCLUSIONS (III)





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THE REPRESENTATION OF THE

WEST INDIES IN THE EARLY

IBERIAN CARTOGRAPHY

A CARTOMETRIC APPROACH



The representation of the West Indies in the early Iberian cartography (ppt)

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