The Remote Sensing Facilities at Cheju NationalUniversity Rationale and Development

DavM Nemeth

20 ÿ NÿmJ

1985. 6.

The Remote SensingUniversity"

FacilitiesRationale and

at Cheju NationalDevelopment

Davtd Nemeth

Contents

I. Introduction

H. Regional Cooperation and Remote Sensing

IH. Aerial Photography Some General Considera-

tions

IV The Joseph E Spencer Aerial PhotographCollection and Remote Sensing Laboratory at

Cheju National Umversity Central Library

1 Grade to the Orgamzahon and Use of the

Spencer Collechon

2 Suggestions on How to View the Photo-

graphs

V Career Opportunities m Imagery Analysis

Our world from the ar xs a kalmdoscoplc jumble of natural and man-made features... This

veneer, spread by a &vine demgner over the earth and inlaid with an infinite variety of shapes,

materials and colors, reflects the finest osc,llatlons of man's asplrahons and achievements, of his

fadures and frustrations, and of his understanding but also of his ruthless disregard for nature 1)

-E A Gutkmd

I. Introduchon

Pamflc Island Stu&es wall become an Important new research field in the 1990's 2) This is an

mewtable response to the rapxd emergence of the Pacffm nm and basra regmn as an economm

1) Gutkmd, E A "Our World From the Air Confhct and Adaptatmn", in Wdham L Thomas, Jr

(editor) Man's Role m Changing the Face of the Ea*th, Volume 1, pp 1-44 Chicago The Universi-ty of Chmago Press, 1956

2) The enhancement of umversity-level regional stud,es concerning Pacific questions was the

topm of a recent interview with a leading Cal,fornia umveraty admlmstrator See "Cross-

Ocean Tleup Among Higher Learmng Institutmns Necessary, Kopea Trows, March 12, 1985, p5

-- 197 --

colossus During the past century of rapid space/time convergence, the geopolitical pivot of

history hrst shifted dramatmally from the Eurasian heartland to the "Midland Ocean" of the

North Atlantic, and has since leaped to the vast Ameraslan Pacific lake and its shores of

vigorous lndusmal and financial activities Indeed, the present age is now called the "PaelhC

Era" by many foreign policy experts and journalists Korea and Cheju Island are well-positioned

to advantage many aspects of future growth trends m the region 3)

Within the entire Pacific Ocean arena of roughly 25,000 islands, of various soverlgn nations,

and oI tremendous natural and human resources, the Asian Paclhc, and particularly the north-

western Paclhc area centering geographically on Korea, is now experiencing a most dynamic

growth It is therefore qmte approprate 1) that there be an interdlscipllnary Island Studies

curriculum developed in the northwest Asian Paclhc region, and 2) that this new intellectual

nexus be mstltUtlonahzed and located deep within the growth vortex of the regmn, perhaps

founded on Korea's centrally-positioned Cheju Island, at Cheju National Umverslty

Cheju National University (CNU) is Korea's only island university, and, with its new sclentihc

and study facilities, classrooms, and potenhal for research, is a most obvious candidate as an

academm center for a Paclhc Island Studies Center Since Cheju Island is also an lnternahonal

tourist destination with the most modern transportahon and commumcation faclhhes, research

scholars and students from major surrounding nahons--Chlna, Japan and Tmwan--wlll find

their commuting convenient, and their destination pleasant and respiring Symbolically, Cheju

Island represents the dual sprats of the Pacihc nm and basra m transition, striking an appropri-

ate balance betwen the Asian Pacific regmn's sense of myshcal neo-Confuclamsm and its

asplrahons for pragmatic Western-style modermzahon and development

This techmcal report strongly advocates CNU's potential as a northwestern Paclhc Island

Studies Center by introducing the centripetal attractmn of the Joseph E Spencer Aerial Photo-

graph Collectmn and Remote Sensing Laboratory at the CNU Central Library as an existing and

rich primary resource ready to sere the scholars and students of the surrounding region, and

will 1) review some of the various and important uses of aerial photography and remote sensing,

2) describe the importance of the Spencer Collection as a medmm with whmh to teach a synopm

wew of the northwestern Pacihc Island region, 3) relate the scope and history of the Spencer

Collection, 4) illustrate procedures by which the Collechon has been orgamzed and outhne how

It can be easily accessed and uhlized, and, 5) introduce some interesting career opportumties

which are becoming in,'teasingly available to those college students who are interested in the

techniques and applications of mr photo interpretation and remote sensing

3) At present, Japan has taken the mlhatlve m orgamzmg a new economic order m the eastern

Paclhc Korea and the Umted States have major stakes m the future of Pacific economic develop-

ment Un,ted States Trade Representative Wllham E Brock recently reformed the American

Stock Exchange that U S trade was shlfhng dramahcally from Europe to the Paclhc In wew of

this trend, Premdent Ronald Reagan has said "Today the nations of the Pacific Rim-- the vast

stretch of nation-states rimming the eastern and western boundaries of the great ocean--com-

prise one of the most dynamm regmns of the globe", and, Umverslty of Cahforma Premdent

Dawd P Gardner has termed the phenomenon "our Pacffm Century" (U C Chp Sheet, Volume 13,

January 8, 1985)U S Secretary ot State George Shultz observes "We may well be at the threshold of a new era in

mternatmnal relatmns m the Pamhc Basra" (Korea Herald, October 21, 1984, p 1 )

-- 198 --

The Remote Sensing Facllmes at Cheju National Umvermty Rataonate and Development 3

nvot of

of theores of

Padlficltloned

II. Regional Cooperation and Remote Sensing

atlons,

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The Republic of Korea is at the forefront of those many Pacific nations presently seeking

meehamsms for regional cooperation Why is regional cooperation important) Most Pacific

nations, despite their diverse cultures and histories, and despite mutual anlmosmes of the past,

are anxious to become members, if not leaders, of a single great economic community As

cultural and intellectual exchanges proceed from economic partnerships, Pacific community na-

tions wxll hereafter be experiencing their increasing needs to learn more about one another, and

about the hohstlc nature of the Pacific rim and basin region

Such hohstic thinking, however tradmonal in the Intellectual history of the Far East, is alien

to the geographmally expansxve arena of internatmnal politics Therefore, modern leaders m the

Pacific region must gradually overcome their isolationist and anti-foreign tendencies in order to

transcend short-term natmnahstic eonsideratmns and achieve a tradmonally appropriate metaph-

ysical attitude about the eollectave destroy of the entire Pacffm nm and basra commumty during

this unprecedented era of modernizatmn Whether south Koreans are to eventually become mas-

ters of humane technological progress m the vast Pacffm regmn depends much on the quahty of

their present and future intellectual attitudes toward themselves in relation to their various

sovereign neighbors 4)

Proper management and use" of Pacific rim and basin aerial photography and other forms of

remotely-sensed imagery of the Pacific island world is an excellent way to provide the compre-

hensive view that is necessary to enhance regional understanding in the 1990's

Although the mrplane first gave the synoptm, or comprehensive, view of the earth surface on a

regmnal scale, the present era of earth-orbmng satelhtes has enlarged the concept of a regmn to

global proportions Moreover, there is now a vast array of earth surface imagery m addmon to

aerxal photographs that can help combine with high altitude fhght and mass media to convey a

synoptm view of the earth and its contents to the general pubhc With the global perspective

comes the hope of world peace

In the meantime, aerial photography and other forms of remote sensing are providing for a

wide range of special scholarly, scmntlfxc and--regretably, but of necessity, --military uses

Let us now briefly consider the scope of the study called remote sensing, and the place of aerial

photography wxthln that subject field

Ill. Aerial Photography. Some General Considerahons

Aerial photographs are a special kind of image of the earth surface taken from high above the

ground, usually from a posmon where high altitude mrcraft and their cameras are remote from

4) Korea officially exhibits ambivalence regarding the Pacific area cooperatmn Issue Ahn Seung-

ehul, President of the Korea Development Institute, expresses a parochial attxtude m this recent

press release "The thorniest lssure, perhaps, is the membership of a Pacific cooperatmn group In

geographmal terms, the Pacific Basra is such a vast area that it would not be meaningful or

feamble to admit all the Pamfie Baron countries to a regional mstitutmn" (Korea Ttmes, January 1,

1985, p 17)

-- 199 --

i their subject matter at the earth surface A camera appended to an aircraft or satelhte is actually

a remote sensing instrument that produces ;magery--the visible representattons of energy re-

ceived by the camera and stored on film pending their processing into prints, which then are

analyzed

Black and white (panchromahc) aerial photography was the first remote sensing techmque to

produce imagery of the earth surface However, the black and white photographm image, which

uses the energy reflected by vlmble light falling on the earth surface, captures only that very

narrow range of the electromagnetm spectrum whmh our eyes can see This is called visible

radmnt energy, and it was the first part of the spectrum to be used dunng the rapid development

of many remote sensing techmques.

In addlhon to visible hght, other forms of electromagnetm energy can now be remotely sensed

and their imagery analyzed These include heat and radio waves 5) Thus, aerial photography is

only one of several remote sensing systems that have been developed during the 20th century

Although the ability to comprehend the basic features of electromagnetm radlahon are prere-

qulmte to the general discussion of imagery analysis, this present article restricts its discussion

to those non-techmcal aspects of aerial photography relevant to Introducing the development

and uses of the imagery collechon and analyms program at Cheju National University

IV. The Joseph E. Spencer Aerial Photograph Collection and Remote Sensing Labora-tory at Chelu Nahonal Umversity Central Library

In the early 1960's the eminent geographer Professor Joseph E Spencer acquired many Paci

tic island aerial photographs from the Office of Naval Research for his Department of Geography

at the Umverslty of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) The photographs pertained mainly to

Western Pamflc islands and also included several parts of the mainland, including parts of the

Korean peninsula In 1983 the UCLA Department of Geography offered the Navy photograph

eollectmn to two umvermtms located in and near the areas photographed Cheju National Uni-

versity, and the Umvermty of Hawan at Manoa These two island umversltles each received a

portion of the UCLA U S Navy photograph colleetmn

Premdent ttyun Pyung-hyo of Cheju Natmnal Umverslty has provtded his umverslty's off>

real support to acqmre, maintain and develop the mr photographs and Imagery-related research

at CNU The CNU Central Llbary staff has accordingly lmtiated a special program for the

careful maintenance and proper use of the U S Navy collectmn, whmh has been renamed"The

Joseph E Spencer Aerial Photograph Collection" This Collechon will be housed beginmng

August, 1985, m a separate Remote Sensing Laboratory famhty m the newly constructed Central

Library

The Spencer Collection now centers on tens of thousands of declassified Umted States Navy

high and low altitude photographs taken between 1942 and 1949 In general, islands of real or

potentml interest to mdltary strategists revolved m the Pacdm theater of World War II were

totally or pamally photographed The coasts and beaches of Pamftc island battlefields were

5) Sablns, Floyd D Jr, Remote Senstng Prmczples and hlterpretatwn San Francisco W H Freemanand Company, 1978.

-- 200 --

The Remote Sensing Facihtles at Cheju National Umverslty Rationale and Development 5

captured for etermty m these striking and informative aerial photos Plot maps and related

briefing materials are also included in the Spencer Collection In addition, maps, atlases and

gazetteers are being gathered to support the Collection, many of these items are being donated to

CNU by the Unlverity of Hawaii, whmh is closely cooperating with CNU in the orgamzation of

its aerial photograph collection and remote sensing laboatory UCLA is also maintaining its

interest m the development of the Spencer Collection at CNU

The face of the land in the Western Pacific has changed dramatmally m some places, while in

other places there has been little visible change during the past 40 years 6) It is mainly due to

the histormal nature of these photographs that the potential uses of the Spencer Collection at

CNU appear hmltless The Collection is a unique primary resource for Pacific Island Studies

Geographers, engineers, agricultural and forestry experts, coastal geomorphologlsts, anthropolog-

ists and archeologists, environmental and urban planners, sociologists, historians, plant and

animal ecologists, meteorologists, oceanographers, hydrologists, and others, should benefit from

consulting the Spencer Collection7)

Air photo analysts may focus on a variety of surface features according to their interests

Generally speaking, coastlines and beaches are the major features consistently photographed for

all islands in the Spencer Collection harbors, ports and port facilities are ubiquitous features

Inland, human constructions like airfields, bridges, roads, railways and dikes were frequently

photographed Coastal cities occasionally appear In the photographs, and port towns more so, as

well as numerous rural villages However, umnhabited areas dominate many of the areas

photographed Reefs, rocks, sands and soils, bays and other bodms of water, seemingly endless

coastlines, jungles, grasslands and croplands are all well represented Many photographs were

taken under hazardous wartime conditions and during air attacks, and the devastation of aerial

attack is captured on many photographs in the Spencer Collection This should be of great

interest to the military historian

Comparative systematm studies of Far Western Pacific Islands are especially encouraged by

the contents of the Collection, whmh covers a wide range of latitude between HokkaIdo, Japan,

in the north, to the Coral Sea in the south, and from the Vmtnamese and Chinese coasts in the

west, to the New Hebrides group in the east In general, the real strength of the Spencer

Collection holdings is in the area most proximate to Cheju Island itself, that is, in the long

island arc between Talwan and Hokaldo, and from Inchon, Korea, eastward to the Boron Islands

Mare Japanese islands, especially Kyushu, are very well represented m the Collection

The Spencer Collection is still being catalogued, and will grow larger with each passing year

as more aerial photographs and sophisticated satellite imagery become added to the files Mean-

while, the CNU Central Library is doing everything possible within the hmlts of its resources to

md and assist potential users cf the Spencer Collection The hbrary Director, Boo Jang Cheol

and section Chiefs Kim Keon-ll, Yang Sang-Suk and Him Sung-Hwan welcome the attention

and the enqmries of foreign scholars and scientists

6) Two classic introductions to the Pacific basin region are Otis W Freeman (editor), Geoglaphy of

the Pacific New York J Wiley, 1951, Andrew P Vayda (ed,tor), Peoples and Culttoes of the PaczflcNew York The Natural History Press, 1968

7) For a more detailed explanatmn of the value of aerial photography to scholars and scientists, see

J K S St Joseph, The Uses of Aerial Photography Nature and Man tn a New Pelspectlve LondonJohn Baker Pubhshers, Ltd, 1966

-- 201 --

,/

1. Introduchon and Grade to the Organ,zation and Use of the Spencer Collect,on

At present, the following classification system is used to divide the Spencer Collechon into

major geographical regions for reference purposes

Group Number (Index no ) Major Geographical Area

1234567

Korea

Japan, major islands

Japan, Ryukyus and Okmawa

Waiwan

PhdlppmesMelanesia (A) and Netherlands Indies (B)Miscellaneous and Unidentified

It is recommended that potential users of the Spencer Collection consult the file cards before

handling the photographs this reduces unnecessary wear and tear of the envelopes protecting

them The file card contents were prepared mainly from information given on the photographs,

and also come trom pertinent sources selected by the curator The index card used by the

Spencer Collection is very similar to that used by the University of Hawan for its U S Navy

photos

It is often easy to orient oneself to the site and situation of a place photographed by reading

the mformatmn printed onto the photograph when the film was developed for analysis by the

U S Navy Almost every photograph has a titling strip across its bottom margin The titling strip

contains much useful reformation relevant to the photographic occurrence For example

This ,is a reproduction of the hthng strip for Figure 2 As mdmated, important mformatmn

about the photograph ÿwas transferred from the hthng strip to the Spencer Collection index

cards dunng cateloglng For example.

-- 202 --

The Remote Sensing Famhtms at Cheju Nahonal Umverslty Rationale and Development 7

Index No ............. Mlsslon/pro3VD3-160F

LocatmKOREA

Coordinates ...........................................

29 AUG 45 0401Date ................... Time .....................

24" 10,000'F L ............................... Altitude ...........................

Angles ............... Print nos .............. Total exp ..............

o

Let us examine the index card contents in detail Please refer to Figures 1-6 as examples, as

noted below Each card provides space for the following lnformahon Index No, Mission/

proj , Location, Coordinates, Date, F L , Alhtude, Angles, Print nos , Total exp

Index no (_ÿ-_ÿv_Oÿ.). The geographical area grouping This number is provided by the curator

of the Collection based on information provided on the tdthng strips Photographs with incom-

plete or missing tithng strips are often assigned their Index no based on an educated guess, or,

they are grouped as Index no 7 (Miscellaneous and Unidentified) Note Figure 2 is a photo-

graph of the dockmde at Pusan harbor, which is located in geographical reference area Index no

2 (Korea)

Mlssion/proj (N@ '.a}-N} A set of aerial photographs taken during one flight is called a

"mission, " "project," or "sortm," and tdentlhed in each titling strip by code name and number

Note Figure 3 indmates that the photographic mission over Amaml 0 Shlma was Misslon/proj

CV15-19.

Location (°]ÿl) The name of the location photographed is sometimes included on the tithng

strip An atlas,map or gazetteer is useful to identify some of the more obscure named locations in

the Collecaon Note Figure 2 ldenhfles the place photographed as "Korea"

Coordmates (2ÿ4] ÿ-ÿ-) "Coordinates" are provlded on some tlthng strips to ln&cate the exact

posmon of a partmular place on the earth surface by its latitude and longitude Latitude is

measured m degrees (°) and minutes (') either north or south of the equator (0°0") Longitude is

measured in the same units rather east or west of the prime meridian(0°0') Note Figure 4 has

the coordinates of the area photographed entered on the index card 31°20, N 130041' E

(as determined from the plot map)

-- 203 --

Date (ÿ.ÿ]-) The day, month and year of the photographm occurrence appears on many tatllng

strips In some cases the day and month were mÿstakenly transposed by U S Navy personnel,

creating some uncertainties Note Figure 6 mdmates that Espmto Santo Island was photo-

graphed on 10 June 43, (June 10, 1943)

Time (.a/u&) The exact time the photographing portion of the mlSsloncommenced may also

appear on the tlthng strip The 24-hour clock is used Note Figure 6 also lndmates the time

that Espmtu Santo Island was photographed 0857

Focal length (F L) (ÿ-N 7171) The camera focal length appears on most tlthng strips be-

cause thas information is necesary to estabhsh scale, whmh aids m identifying various features

on the earth surface Scale is focal length dlwded by the hmght of the camera above the ground

surface (whzch ÿs not the same as altaude above sea level) Focal length appears on the tlthng strips

either as mllhmeters or as inches To convert 152 4mm is 6" Note Figure 1 mdmates that the

camera focal length on this mission over Kyushu was 24"

Altitude (_V.ÿ.ÿ.) The height of the camera above sea level appears on most hthng strips along

with focal length an order to faclhtate the ealculatmn of scale Note Figure 1 also mdmates the

altitude at whmh the photograph was taken 10,000'

Angles (ÿ-=.ÿ) Indmatmns may appear on the tlthng strip as to whether the photographs are

Vemcals (V), Right 0bhques (OR), or Left Obhques(0L) Note Figure 4 indicates a verticalphotograph of the Kagoshlma Iandseape, whale Figure 3 shows Amain1 0 Shlma as photographed

from an obhque angle

Print nos (x]-ÿlOÿ_) Each photograph is uniquely numbered, usually near the beginning of

the tlthng strip, and thin number is part o{ a sequence of photographs taken during a "run" or"pass" over the target landscape A mission may include several runs 0ccaslonally there are

missing photographs in a numbered sequence, or, entire runs may be missing from the Spencer

Collectmn A new sequence of pnnt nos is usually given for each angle photographed Note

Figure 1 is a vemcal photograph that was one of a total of nine sequentially numbered photo-

graphs

Total exp (ÿ-x]-ÿ-ÿ-:z}) The actual or estimated number of photographs for this mlssmn/proj

has been provMed by the curator during cataloging Note Figure 1 ÿs one of nine photographs

of Kyushu taken during the CV9 3933 mission that the Spencer Collectmn owns

There are several other 1terns of mformatmn on the index cards provided by the curator during

cataloging

Plot map(s) (7.I_ÿ_) Plot maps may accompany aerial photographs These graphmally m&cate

the exact progress of the photo "runs" during the mlssmn The existence of such maps are

mdmated on the lower left-hand corner of the index card Note Figure 4 lndmates that there

are plot maps accompanying this photograph

-- 204 --

The Remote Sensing Facdlhes at Chelu National Umvermty Rationale and Development 9

ling

nel,

to-

Print size (x/-ÿ--71) Most of the U S Navy air photographs in the Spencer Collection are

prints measuring 9"X9" (23cmX23cm) There are also many excellent 9"X18" (23cmX46cm)

prints,and a very few 4"X5" (10cm X [2 5cm) photographs

tlsoIime

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REST JICPOA (71 ÿ1 ÿ_ÿ_) "REST" on the titling strip indicates "RESTricted" for war-

time security reasons All Spencer Collection photographs have since been declassified The

JICPOA number is a useful way to determine the exact sequence of photographic missions in

heu of other means JICPOA numbers accrued during the course of the war in a chronological

sequence This number usually can be found printed last on the tlthng strip, and is entered on

the back of most cardsTo summarize Locating the places photographed by the U S Navy in the Western Pacific is

generally made easy by consuhmg useful Information entered on the titling strips of the prints

However, not every photograph contains adequate information to ensure place identification

Fortunately, many prints are accompanied by pÿt maps and other supporting materials, includ-

ing ground-level historical photographs culled by the Navy from mlssmnary and travel records

The curator has noted the nature of some of this suppomng data, as well as indicated some of

the potential uses of certain sets of photographs for specific research purposes When using the

Spencer Collection, be sure to check for handwritten notes on the back of the index cards

2. How to View the Photographs

The air photo should always be examined with the shadows of &stmctive objects (trees,

chimneys, chffs, etc) falhng toward the viewer Since most photos in the Collectmn were taken

on bright mornings or afternoons, shadows are profuse, and these may he compared to give some

indication of the relative height of the surface features casting the shadows

Those photos which were taken vertically rather than obhquly make special demands on the

viewer, since the vertical view of an object prowdes a less familiar perspective than a side view

This makes the object harder to identify The angle of the side, or oblique view may be high or

low, with the low oblique photographs taken at mimmal elevatmns creating the most familiar

perspective for the average viewer The Spencer Collection in fact contmns some excellent low

oblique photographs of Seoul, Inch'on and Kunsan, in Korea Most photographs in the Collec-

Uon, however, were taken from high oblique and vertical angles Fortunately, many places

represented m the Collectmn were photographed from vertmal and high obhque simultaneously

by using a synchromzed mutlple-lense camera Such tnmetrogon photography offers the analyst

a continuous wew of the area by scanning from left horizon to right horizon directly below the

mrcraft The viewer should be aware that in most cases the camera-carrying aircraft has per-

formed its photographm mÿssion while advancing over the terrain m a very systematic fashion

The normal system of aerial photography is one in which the airplane flys back and forth m

parallel runs over the terrain The result is a considerable amount of overlap and duphcatmn m

subsequent and adjoining photographs, but contalmng no ommlsmns This total coverage m

vertical and obhque views enables the photo analyst to consult several different photographs, if

necessary, m order to make a better determmahon about any surface features in questmn

The systematic aerial photography of Pamfic islands represented in the Spencer Collectmn

enables a stereoscope to be used to enhance photo lnterpretatmn capablhtles The stereoscope is

a small instrument commonly used by air photo analysts to create clear three dimensional

tmpresmons of areas photographed Without the stereoscope, quick and accurate determlna

of alhtude, ruggedness and slope of terrain m some areas may be severely handicapped

remote sensing laboratory at CNU Central Library has stereoscopes available for the con

ence of visitors using the Spencer Collection 8)

V. Exciting Career Opportumties in Imagery Analysis

It is a great pleasure to conclude this report by drawing the reader's attention to the fact

many government and private organizations in the Pacific rim and basin region have dem

trated their increasing need during the 1980's to hire air photo interpreters and remote sen

imagery analysts In parhcular, intelhgence- and defense-minded governments insist that r,

and more economists, engineers and military personnel receive some special training in ima!

analysts Such professmnals study remotely-sensed imagery in order to determine agncult

and industrial production capacities worldwide (e g "Will the Soviet Union have another

grain harvest this yearP", "How soon wall the new mlflelds m Indonesia be operationalÿ")to k

abreast of the changing deployment of mlhtary forces (e g "How many enemy combat dlvisl

can be quartered in new constructions photographed near the DMZÿ"), and to follow the devel

ment, testing and production of new weapons systems (e g "Have the Chinese made any n

breakthroughs m their nuclear development program?")

The intelligence value of imagery provides increasing numbers of college graduates with

opportunity to enter a challenging career as imagery analysts Their special training beg

with an appreciation of air photo interpretahon, and then progresses to satellite lmagÿ

analysis 9) College students who are pohhcal, social, physical and earth science majors all ha

appropriate backgrounds to eventually become skilled in the intelhgenee apphcatlons of image

analyms

Government and private organizations in the intelhgence field will usually prowde on-the

job training, and provide opportunities for their trainees to visit foreign institutes and facllih,

m order to meet other interesting people in the intelligence community Employers will ah

normally pay for addltmnal job related training, and even send their employees to national aÿ

international professional meetings and workshops There is, therefore, excellent career opportÿ

reties for both men and women college students who are interested in aerial photo lnterpretatm

and remote sensing techniques

8) A good Enghsh-language mtroductmn to the procedures used m aÿr photo analyms ÿs prowded by

G C Dlckenson m Maps and Air Photographs London Edward Arnold (Publishers), Ltd, 1970(Available m the CNU Central Library)

9) The awesome perspechve of the earth surface now available from satelhte imagery is persented m

Charles Shefheld's Earth Watch New York MacMdlan Pubhshmg Company, Inc, 1981 (Avad-able in the CNU Central Lÿbrary)

-- 206 --

The Remote Sensing Famhtles at Cheju Nahonal Umversny Rahonale and Development 11

ons

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Figure 1 . Extensive surtace mmmg on Kyushu, Japan

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Contour strip surface mining, as shown in th,s dramahc photograpl., ls the most

damaging form of mlmng from an environmental perspective Coastal hills are syste-

matically peeled away to extract minerals for warhme construchon purposes, and

these are transported Wastes from the massive operation may be dumped locally and

offshore pollution endangers marIne life Miners and their famlhes are housed amldsdt

the unsightly rubble and industrial noise, and are made to endure a poor quality living

environment

Locÿ,t, ion... Ky.t4ÿ .J'). ,!4t ....... 0ÿ-0. p..#ÿt gJ(l'..? .....

Coordinates ................ . ................. .

,ÿ, .., !.q.ÿ. lÿ. y /'/.ÿ. , ..... ÿt,,o ./.4 ,ÿ.ÿ. .....

25/." ÿ.ÿ .................... AlUt,,d, 1.0....o.¢ÿ.

A,O,,..V... p,ÿ,t ÿo,. Ir.ÿ..Tot,1 o,p .... ? .....

O Ig"

Ffgure 2"The dockside at Pusan, Korea

Railroads serwng interior Korea feed into the massive port facllitms at Pusan har-

bor Great warehouses on two major wharfs jut into the bay In order to facilitate the

transfer of rebound and outbound raw materials and manufactured goods

Index NO ...... l ......... blts,ÿJon/proj Yÿ).ÿ ]ÿ)ff.

Location...ÿ.(ÿ.ÿ .ÿ.0 .............................

OooI'dÿ_nnfos ..,..,.....,..,........,..°,,...,,o

.ÿo g!AÿOeo'7 ....... ÿ,..° o,fo/ ......

0 O0/g.I ..... ,°ÿ 5/.t .............. Altitude /.% .......

Aÿ,s..V.... pÿiÿt no,,./ra.ÿ.Toÿ,l oÿp....a3....

0 18"

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Ir

208

The Remote Sensing Faclht:es at Cheju Nat:onal Un:vers:ty Rat:onale and Development 13

%

Figure 3" Sand--swept agricultural landsape on Amaml O Shlma Northern Ryukyu Islands,Japan

Sand dunes encroach on hedge-protected farm plots of various shapes and razes

Vlllagerslhve on the lee rode of the island, fronhng a picturesque bay A bombed-out

Japanese mdltary mstallahon is vlmble in left-center on the photograph (see tall

smokestacks)

Ind.ÿ No ..... ,5 .......... m sqon/proJ. C,¥Jÿ.':I?

Loc.tÿon... ÿ'ÿ'...O...ÿ.'ÿ.'ÿ ................

Coordÿna[es ...................................

D°ÿ .!ÿ.4ÿ.,!..Y.ÿ. ....... Tÿo .ÿ.o.ÿ.o. .......

1 Y."F.I ................ Altitude /ÿ'OOI

Angles..ÿ.. Print sos, /.ÿ.ÿ.Total exp..].ÿ .....

©FNure 4' A volcano--dominated landscape on KagosNma Bay, Kyushu Island, Japan

Rugged volcanm terrain and sterile lava flows permit human occupancy only near

the coast Sea-side wllagers are insulated from the interior wdderness by theÿrpatch-

work of helds A highway hugs the coast, snaking'from vdlage to wllage Life here m

the shadow of a great volcano must be much hke hfe on Cheju Island, where I-Ialla

Mountain dominates the landscape

Index No .... ÿ .......... ÿ1ÿq on/proJ. Qÿllÿ,78ÿ

Lo e a t io n... Lÿ,y Id-,,S]q t¢ ...... ÿ(A3@ .ÿ,ÿ11,ÿPIÿ...ÿ.ÿ,q,...

................................... , °i ii!iiii:

Coord !na! es ...........

.ÿ,...ÿ.;ÿ. tqÿ ..q.K. ...... Tÿe . .= ...........

tF.L..........15"2.3.,-,ÿ ÿ... ........ Altitude /.ÿ.ÿ0.0....

Angles. V Prlnÿ nos]-7.4 Total exp .ÿ.¢.

f,ÿoÿ" ..°/,, @

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The Remote Sens:ng Fac:ht:es at Cheju Nat:onal Umversaty Rat:onale and Development 15

t1

-- 211 --

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t L

o

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The Remote Sensing Famhtles at Cheju National University Ratlonale and Development 17

Ftgure 5 : Agrmultural exploitation on a small inlet near New Guinea

Coconut trees on this plantation islet form neat rows and geometric shapes Also

visible are several jetties and an airstrip The shadow of the aircraft which took this

photograph is visible near the longest jetty

Location ............. ..ÿ,ÿ ....................

• .,.,,.o..*,,.. 0, f ÿ,,,,4o,o.,. 0,ot,ÿ.,, o,6o,,o,

Coordinates ........... ,., .................... ,

>ÿ,ÿ, . . .6. , 0.¢,,. .z./. 0. ....... ÿm° ..............

P.I ........................ Altltude ..........

Angles..V.. Print nos ..... Total exp ..........

©

Fÿgure 6 ' Intermr lungle vdlages, Espmtu Santo roland, New Hebrides

Inhabitants of the dense jungle landscape of the interior plateau of Esplrtu Santo

Island live within circular clearings of various sizes

,.ÿ,ox .o .... gA ......... ,,,so,o./ÿ.oa.0rs..{{°?

oooÿo,n. ÿs /'(7 E [5 43o S

.ÿo .. l,q, .ÿ..ÿ.ÿ. .q. .ÿ. ..... Tÿo .o.. ÿ < 2 .....

.ÿ ..... / a..". .............. Altitÿaÿ d2j.o.qo.'..

* 5.0.0.Angles ...... Print noa ..... Total exp,'ÿ .,

©

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The Remote Sensing Facdlhes at Cheju Nahonal Umvers:ty Rahonale and Development 19

s

-- 215 --

20 ÿ41 -ÿ=fl ÿ ÿ ÿN ÿ12o>ÿ

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