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The Impact of Physical Impairment on Motor Proficiency in Para-footballersEVIDENCE-BASED CLASSIFICATION IN PARALYMPIC SPORT
Raúl Reina
Functional Classification Systems Sport-Specific and Evidence-Based
Classification Systems
1948 1988 1992 2003
ClassificationStrategy
2007 2015
StokeMandeville
Games
SeoulParalympic
Games
Barcelona Paralympic
Games
IPC´sClassification
Strategy
Classification Code
Athlete´sClassification
Code
Model of Best
Practices
2017
Medical Classification Systems
Reina & Vilanova-Périz (2017; adapted from Hart, 2016)
1978 2015
Historical Overview: Research Problem
A = Bilateral Spasticty
B = Athetosis / Ataxia
C = Unilateral Spasticity
FT5
FT6
FT7
FT8 MIC
“Grey Areas” of the Current Classification System
Reina (2016)
Multi-Component
C
P A
BBalance
Coordination
Sprint
Power CODA
S
Performance Parameters in CP-Football
Reina (2014)Campayo-Piernas (2016)
0123456789FT5
FT6
FT7FT8
FNPC
HT_D
HT_ND
012345678FT5
FT6
FT7FT8
FNPC
0
5
10
15
20
25
30FT5
FT6
FT7FT8
FNPC
Rapid Heel-Toe (s) Running in Place (s) Split Jumps (s)
Performance Differences: e.g. CoordinationTesting
p < .001d = 1.34
% = 38.75
p < .001d = 1.85
% = 66.74D ND
p < .001d = 0.98
% = 17.36
p < .001d = 2.01
% = 71.17 Campayo-Piernas (2016)
a. Coordination, defined as the ability to voluntarily executefluid, accurate movements rapidly.
b. Balance, defined as the ability to maintain the line of gravity(vertical line from centre of mass) of a body within the base ofsupport with minimal postural sway.
c. Symmetry, defined as the correspondence and/or movementsimilarity on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane.
d. Range of movement, defined as the full movement or optimalpotential of a joint, usually its range of flexion and extension.
e. Arm impairment, defined as the contribution of the arms toperform the whole movement.
S
B
C
R
A
Reina, R., Sarabia, J., Sánchez, A., Beckman, E., Connick, M., & Tweedy, S. (2015)
Activity Limitation Observation Categories
Project supported by:
-0,5-0,25 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 2,25 2,5 2,75 3 3,25 3,5 3,75 4
CoordinationDist-ROMProx-ROM
CoordinationDist-ROMProx-ROM
CoordinationDist-ROMProx-ROM
FT5
FT7
FT6
-0,5 -0,25 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 2,25 2,5
CoordinationDist-ROMProx-ROM
CoordinationDist-ROMProx-ROM
CoordinationDist-ROMProx-ROM
FT5
FT7
FT6
Reina, R., Gómez, G., Sarabia, J., Roldán, A., & Tweedy, S. (in process)
Decision-Making using Effect Sizes
Dominant Side vs Non-Dominant Side
Rhea (2004)
MAT Test
Triple Hop
RHT
Limited ROM in hips (needed to turn the whole body.
Poor dynamic running pattern (particularly when running backward)
Presence of scissor running pattern:
Hip and knee flexion
Hip adduction and internal rotation
Performance:
Difficulty for stopping and accelerating
Difficulty assisting movements of the upper limbs when running
Poor agility level.
R
Qualitative Analysis of Activity Limitation
IFCPF (2017)
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): Classification tool.
Study the relative efficiency of some “Decision Making Units” (DMUs) using several inputs to produce several outputs.
DEA provides useful benchmarking information that can improve performance of inefficient DMUs
Charness et al. (1978)
Testing for Evidence-Based Classification
Reina et al. (2016)
Illinois with Ball 10m with BallBeckman & Tweedy (2009)**
4 Bounds Triple Hop ‐ NDMunro & Herrington (2011)
Standing Broad JumpBeckman & Tweedy (2009) Cámara et al. (2013)
8 FT8 players ranked in the first 14´s
N 56
DMU´s Outcomes
Reina, R., Pastor, D., Campayo-Piernas, M., & Pastor, J.T. (in process)
Reina, R., Sarabia, J.M., Caballero, C., & Yanci, J. (in Press)
N 60
Stop & Go (with and without the ball)
N 82
Within-GroupsComparisons p2 > 0.54, large; p < 0.01*
* Except Sprint 0-10 m
Game Analysis by GPS
Total Distance(m.min-1)
MaximumVelocity(km.h-1)
Distancecovered ≠ Intensities(m.min-1)
Acceler. / Deceler. (n.min-1)
Change of Direction(number.
min-1)
LowWalking
(< 4)
Walking(4 - 3)
Medium IntensityRunning(8 - 13)
Jogging (3 - 9)
Sprinting(> 18)
High IntensityRunning(13 - 18)
Game Analysis by GPS
Total Distance(m.min-1)
MaximumVelocity(km.h-1)
Distancecovered ≠ Intensities(m.min-1)
Acceler. / Deceler. (n.min-1)
Change of Direction(number.
min-1)
Mode-rate
(1–2.78)
High (> 2.78)
LowIntensity
Medium Intensity
High Intensity
Forward vs Back
Left vs Right
R&D Centre Physical
Impairment
R&D Centre Visual Impairment
R&D Centre Intellectual Impairment
IPC Classification Research Steering Group
IPC Classification Committee
IPC Management
Team
Athlete Representation
Interested sportInterested sportInterested sport
IPC Sports Science
Committee
Expr
essi
on o
f int
eres
t/D
ialo
gue
Advice & Support to initiate the work
Athletics
Interested sport
Athletics Swimming
SCIEN
TIFIC
AN
D
SPORT
S NET
WO
RK
S
Van de Vliet (2015)