"The Garden of Taranto". Peripato Garden: The gate to the sea, as tool for internal and urban...

VILLA PERIPATORegeneration strategy

Coordinator

Prof. Arch. C. Montalbano

territorial Context analysis

Prof. Arch. C. MontalbanoArch. M. C. Buquicchio

Arch. E. Ciaccia

strategiC planning

Arch. L. Guastamacchia Arch. S. Laterza

eConomiCal-finanCial strategy

Prof. Ing. C. Torre Ing. V. Sannicandro

Villa peripato’s landsCape system

Prof. Arch. A. NegliaArch. S. Petralla

Villa peripato’s retrieVal strategy

Prof. Arch. G. Martines Arch. S. Sansevrino

teChniCal and teChnologiCal requalifiCation strategy

Prof. Ing. C. ChiarantoniIng. E. Sibilio

VILLA PERIPATORegeneration strategy

INDEX

prefaCtion

1. methods pag. i

2. stages of elaboration of the feasibility study pag. i

3. “parallel” Considerations pag. Vi preliminary Context analysis pag. 1

territorial Context analysis pag. 5

strategiC planning pag. 31

Villa peripato’s landsCape system pag. 53

Villa peripato’s retrieVal strategy pag. 79

eConomiCal-finanCial strategy pag. 105

teChniCal and teChnologiCal riqualifiCation strategy pag. 115

Anthology and thematiC Case studies pag. 129

I

PREFACTION

1. METHODS

The close examination of an architecture compatible with the territory and models of sustainable development, useful for a correct management of the urban environment and its resources, cannot prescind from the matter of planning and restoration of the urban landscape. Along with it, also the retrieval and the restoration of the delapidated areas. On the other hand, it is necessary that these areas, no longer intended as mere end areas, become important opportunities for the rearrangement of the entire territory. In such a way to highlight the deep bond existing between value and punctual function of a site, or architecture in general, and the different levels of cultural, economical and social bonds that could be caused by the interference of the architectural planning with the modelling and, sometimes, replanning of the urban territory and the more external one of the extra-urban landscape.

From this point starts the research of an experimental model which is, at the same time, an architectonic-projectual criterion and a method of territorial approach. The model, studied according to the characteristics of Puglia’s territory, starts from the observation of specific territorial and settling dynamics, especially historical, to underline the solid values of these places and how they risk to be corrupted by their own non-recognizability.The Applicative Method for the Planning of the Urban Landscape shows how, behind the crisis of an urban system or of its specific parts, often hides memory loss and alteration of the primary resources (morphologic, economical, social, constructive) which a certain urban area has developed, in the course of time, with its territory. The contemporaneity, with its acceleration, industrialization and innovation processes has completely canceled them. So the city, forgetting about its own significance and sense of continuity with the landscape, comes to alter its own economical and productive processes.The method adopted for Villa Peripato’s analysis was meant to include the villa in the wider urban and landscape system it relates to. It has been of utmost importance, in that sense, not analyzing the object of study as an isolated artifact, but reading its features within the historical and environmental frame in which it was formerly designed and then developed and consolidated.The aforementioned Method of projectual investigation has been contextually applied to Villa Peripato’s site and, by extension, to Taranto’s urban landscape, with the aim of defining an interpretative model of the territory useful for the definition of the guidelines for the retrieval, the redesign and the reinclusion of the Villa in the more complex frame of the social and physical pattern of Taranto’s territory. The aim of that interpretative model was therefore to allow a reading of the transformations of the territory, to higlight the peculiarities, recognize the situations of crisis and decline, and to understand how and where its degenerative processes are located and, finally, how and where to intervene to favour the activation of development processes, compatible with the social, cultural and physical prerogatives of this territory. The method of analysis here employed underlines, moreover, the founding role of the architecture project in the preview of the physical layout of Villa Peripato’s punctual location as that extended from the large green corridor along Mar Piccolo’s basins. All of this is emphasized not arguing against the adoption of urbanistic techniques, to which the projectual method itself is partially inspired, but rather in continuity with them, though underlying the necessity of its own role as an assessment tool and validation of behaviours that the urbanistic planning cannot detect.

2. ELABORATION STAGES OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY

The method previously described was employed on the site of Taranto’s Villa Peripato starting from a relevant series of data, report and guidelines already created within the project CULTTOUR by the various research units which took part to the project. For that reason we report the main papers which have provided the starting data and guided some of the strategic choices emerged from the fasability study in question: • Schwaba, M.; Jacobs, P. (edited by); Local Survey - Fact Book ,TARANTO“ - VILLA PERIPATO: Municipality of Taranto, Regione Puglia, Italy. Institute of Landscape Architecture, Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna • Carbonara Marco; Questionnaire ASSETTO_DEL_TERRITORIO. WP3.5 Definition of the connections between the urban and territorial planning. Servizio Assetto del Territorio- Comune di Taranto • VV. AA.; “THE GARDENS OF TARANTO” - Analysis Tool Results & Management Recommendations. IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems • Furchtlehner Jürgen; Jacobs Pixie; Lička Lilli; Schwaba Manfred; Seliger Anja (edited by); South East Europe – Guidelines and best practice examples on garden and open space heritage management –WP 3.4.BOKU Vienna, Austria; IMC Krems, Austria; TU Berlin, GermanyThe feasibility study in question has been finally ariculated in the following stages of elaboration:

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2.1 First stage: Picture of knowledge

The first stage of construction of the picture of knowledge has been necessary for the esploration of the territory, considered as synthesis of the environmental and anthropic systems. After the beginning of the sudy of the settling morphology and the historical-cultural articulation of the territory, followed the study of and the cataloguing of the archeological and architectonic attractions of the territory and the extensive study of the villa’s features.Along with the acquisition of data already produced within the CULTTOUR project by further units of research we arranged for: • The integration of cartographic data and documentaries of various disciplines (scientific reports, historical analysis, photographs, thematic papers) coming from regional, provincial, communal, borough archives and from territorial associations and institutions. • The assessment of the consistence of some categories of data through on field surveys • The assessment of the consistency of some categories of data through the reading and interpretation of the grove-picturesThe aim was so to produce wide and accurate base information, necessary to the knowledge, cataloguing and correlation of data and, finally to the planning of the specific context.

The resulting analysis has been developed on different scales: • urban and territorial context; • context of urban sector; • landscape context of the villa; • detailed context of the villa.

The analysis were aimed to investigate: a. the relationship with the urban and territorial structure b. the various tools of planning which are involved in the territory in question c. the historical stages of the garden and the surrounding buildings d. the morpho-typologic structures of the building and the urban pattern e. the system of the restructions both locally and on the extended perimetre f. the historical-archeologic and architectural attractions of the extended territory g. the viability and the hierarchical levels of the local distribution (streets, pedestrian routes, cycling lanes, coastlines, …) h. the features of the garden organism as a whole i. the features and the state of conservation of the systems composing the villa (green system, routes system, rest areas system, etc.) j. the features and the state of conservation of the structures composing the villa (flowerbeds and masses of green, boulevards, pools and benches, etc.) k. the features and the state of conservation of the elements composing the villa (trees and bushes, flooring, walls and fences, benches, etc.).

Each of the aspects previously detected has finally become matter of specific cartographic elaboration.

2.2 Second stage: SWOT analysisThe study of the specific issues of Taranto’s and Villa Peripato’s territory, and the analysis of their main strengths and weaknesses have been carried out starting first from comparative studies.

The Swot analysis has been integrated, according to the definition of the European Union, with a Logical Framework in which, apart from indicating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, social economical and environmental and qualitative indicators have been detected, aimed to provide the “measurement” of the evolution of the single processes active on the territory.

Scheme of Logical Framework

A significant part of the indicators employed in the development of the logical framework have been acquired from analysis and research developed in the previous years by Taranto’s municipality (among these we recall the two stages of Project Posidonia, in which the comparisons between 6 city context

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have been developed (including also the state properties of Mar Piccolo and Villa Peripato).

The aspects of critiques originated by this analysis individuate the local territorial units subject, on medium or long term, to transformations more or less advantaged by the consolidated structure of the natural and/or anthropic landscape.In that sense it emerges, in many cases, how the criticity of an area results substantially different from another because different are the factors of risk acting on it, or beacause the intensity of a phenomenon changes (and so the potential time of development and exhaustion of the action of decline), or because of the contextual presence of multiple risk factors.

2.3 Third stage: Study of the territorial values

This stage of study for the territorial valuation of Villa Peripato is aimed to locate the resources which still have the ability to develop new economies and contribute to the reinforcement of the identity of the place. To individuate them a Study of the territorial values has been developed.

• Analysis pf the production chains connected to the Villa - investigates the relationships and the possible levels of interconnection between the various tourist, commercial, cultural, leasure, ludic circuits already present in the extended system of the Villa (irrespectly of the fact that the Villa is involved or not), in order to better understand the likelyhood of integration.

• Analysis of the archeological values – it delimitates the archeological areas included in the extended system of the Villa and individuates the possible levels of connection with it.

• Analysis of the landscape values – it delimitates the areas with panoramic, landscape and environmental value included in the extended system of the Villa and defines the possible circuites of connection between the different aspects.

• Analysis of architectural values - it delimitates the areas and structures of higher architectural value included in the extended system of the Villa and individuates the possible levels of connection with the Villa itself.

• Analysis of the technologic values - it delimitates the areas and structures which could be potentially involved in the optimization of energy saving (vegetation, water, wind, sun) and the constructive and technologic macro-solutions which are more indicated for the specific context.

The previously isolated and partialized data are, eventually, gathered in the Chart of permanences (structural invariances) of the urban landscape. This chart correlates the various Natural, Anthropic and Productive Matrices previously investigated:

and defines the territorial constants, i.e. the components of the local environment (of the villa) and the extended territory (urban and extra-urban) that must necessarily keep their own original value, or face the alteration and the loss of the identity (cultural, historical, social, landscape and environmental) of these places, or rather the places or the elements that need to be enhanced/modified to value the local context.

The compared reading allowed to define the behaviour of the extended territory and the local contexts, the fenomena in progress and their evolutionary tendences and highlighted the fast pace of alteration of the historicized landscape of the villa and its surroundings, and its different levels of fragmentation and dispersion.

The understanding of the evolutionary processes of the urban landscape (of the villa rather than the urban system surrounding it) also allowed, to individuate the political, social and economical actors variously involved in time within the different urban processes, and the level of transformation they induced.

2.4 Fourth stage: The strategic plan of valuation

In this stage the economical and projectual strategies have been developed on which direct the whole operation of valuation of the Villa.In that sense this stages has involved the development of a Directing scheme.This tries to conjugate first on territorial, then on local scale the vocations and the tourist, historical, cultural potentials of Villa Peripato, individuating some possible directions of development, able to accompany the

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Villa and its context of reference towards new forms of accessability, usage and sustainable growth.The strategic project originated, deals with aspects such as the fruition and interconnection of the areas, it detects the facilities which need to be inserted and/or enhanced, the activities to be implemented, the itineraries and the thematic routes and the various kinds of offer which that specific territorial context must be able to provide.Below this territorial macro-structure, some punctual projectual actions have been individuated aimed to decompose the previous strategic picture into a series of operative actions associable to differential plans of funding.

2.5 Fifth stage: Analysis of results

In this stage the analysis of the results of the feasibility study is integrated, with particular reference to the tourist development of the territory, and coherently with the urges of the urbanistic and landscape planning, with:

• the analysis of intenational benchmarkto which corresponds a study of the social-econonomical behaviour of similar sites of eccellence from which deduce specifically: - business models - strategic positioning - main economical actors involved and their role in the entire strategy;This stage has been achieved thanks to the support of other research units of the CULTTOUR project and, in particular, relying on the results obtained with the Guidelines: - Furchtlehner Jürgen; Jacobs Pixie; Lička Lilli; Schwaba Manfred; Seliger Anja (edited by); South East Europe–Guidelines and best practice examples on garden and open space heritage management – WP 3.4.BOKU Vienna, Austria; IMC Krems, Austria; TU Berlin, Germany

• the analysis and qualitative composition of the requestwhich indicates, in reference to all the receiving targets of the operation: o current and future size (number of tourists and relative buying power); o the specific needs of each target o the needs which are intended to be satisvied and aims estimated to be achieved in terms of attracted tourists (amount and value).

Such measurements and estimations have been provided taking into account: • the elements of the valuation format of the site mostly able to attracts the various targets detected • the sinergies with other elements of the tourist offer of the city, coherently with the profiles of the various targets detected • the levels of fruition which must be reached in relation to the various targets in order to allow an effective and efficient management • the estimated range of attraction for the targets not included in the city • the effects that the triggered mechanisms can generate on the satellite activites and the possibility to cause or enhance clearly recognizable responses in the productive pattern of the local reality.

2.5.a. Method proposed for the fifth stage - Identification of the Costs and the Benefits

In this context it has been developed:• the identikit of the possible stakeholders to be involved in the valuation project;• the individuation of the possible repercussions that their involvement might determine on the transformation processes of the area;• the individuation of the repercussions in economical and social terms that the single interested people might gain from their involvement in the valuation project.

2.6 Sixth stage: Individuation of the potentialities of private initiatives

In this stage the potentialities of private initiatives have been individuated so to be involved in the picture of the aims and the strategies for the touristic development of the region/commune.This stage has been developed through the definition of:• a chart on the necessary investmentsin which the necessary investments for the valuation of the pilot site are detected through the definition of the maximal investments necessary for achievement of the proposed actions; • a chart on the resources that can be activatedin which the possible financial sources are detected (laws/appliable funding tools, structural communitary funds; special and /or national/regional laws) which can be activated to sustain the estimated investments; • a Business Modelin which a Business Model is determined, through which valuate and manage the pilote site of Taranto’s Villa

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Peripato. The Business in question detects: - the main and accessory services provided - the kind of coordination role played - the modalities of attribution of costs and earnings The Business Model performs, finally, the analysis of the actors involved (local administration, possible different subject different from the site manager, incoming operators, tourist and show agencies, etc.), the respective roles, the advantage of each one of them, their own sources of income.

2.6.a Method proposed for the fifth stage. The search for the highest and best use value for villa Peripato

In this regard the Valuation Plan is further defined through its correlation to the social and economical impacts referred to the extended context.The highest and best use value represents the hypotesis of action which maximizes the added use value among all the compatible events on the restoration plan with the characteristics of the buildings involved in the project Therefore all the restrictions of the choices relative to the hypothesis of reuse of architectonic goods defininf the compatibility of the actions have been highlighted.The compatibility of the hypothesis of requalification and reuse of the heritage on architectonic and urban scale has been obtained, at least initially, from the existence of cultural, projectual and urbanistic restrictions. The cultural and projectual restrictions refer to the compatibility of the actions in reference to the technical and technological limitations and of the restoration/retrieval (reversability, recognizability, invasiveness ecc.). The urbanistic restrictions are provided by the normative prescriptions of the urbanistic instruments to which the estate is subject. They range from the parametres regulating the possibility of creation of any architectonic-constructive-technological component, up to specific prescriptions contained in possible urbanistic tools aimed to retrieval (e.g. the individuation of destinations of use among which the choice is compulsory). The preliminar analysis of these restrictions allowed, hence, to eliminate solutions of reuse which were not plausible. The following stage of the valuation becomes, at this point, the editing of the plan of economic/financial action (or “business plan”). It is composed of a series of correlated actions:

1. Definition of the hypothesis of reuse. Compatible hypthesis of reuse are defined, based on the technical , economic and urbanistic restrictions. The activity is organized according to a CVR analysis (cost, volume, result).

2. Description of the activity’s features. The activity is described in its fundamental parametres: types of costs (general, management and service), activities organigram, juridical form of conduction.

3. Relationship of the activity with the needs expressed by the context, in terms of social requests; economical occupation. The risks and the opportunities expressed by the relationship with context are detected and the social and economical sectors which might be harmed or favoured by the beginning of the new activity.

4. Individuation of the user base. Based on the comparative analysis and the local investigation, a specific user base is hypothesized.

5. Individuation of the competitors. It performs an analysis of what is offered by the service related to the activity to settle and individuates the possible competitors in the local market.

6. Hypothesis of market saturation and analysis of the relationship demand/offer. Once the offer has been quantified, it analyzes the possibility for the new activity of responding in terms of the relationship between demand and offer.

7. Hypothesis of funding. It individuades the possible sources of funding or cofunding, and the optimistic and pessimistic hypothesis related to the funding, etc.

8. Analysis of the key factors of the competitiveness of the reuse hypothesis. It individuades the key elements for the success of the new activity hypothesis. It detects the elements with greater umpredictability, the cost and income determiners of the activities, possible opportunities which constitute an advantage.

9. Financial indicative analysis. It constructs the judgement of economic coexistence through the financial analysis (e.g. determining the Current Net Value and the Internal Rate of Return).

10. Analysis of the social impacts. In order to strategically define the relevance of action for the extramarket produced effects, the financial analysis is accompanied with an evaluation method of the social preference in reference to the action.

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From: C. m. torre, The evaluation in the retrieval and conservation of the architeconic and urban heritage (2005)

3. SIDE CONSIDERATIONS

1. The peculiarity of the interscalar method of approach constitutes an aspect of undoubted value for the feasibility study in question, because it allows not to isolate the physical locatioon of Villa Peripato but to compare it with the territorial system in which it is located.This allows, also in terms of economical and tourist valuation of the area in question, to create levels of connection between goods and resources not only located in proximity of the same place but however with easy and/or immediate relation.

2. The comparison of Villa Peripato’s features with those of further communal villas mapped within Puglia’s regional picture allowed to define specific categories of constants on which we could act with valuation actions of furhter communal villas. This way the project appears as a method of approach to urban requalification which could be extended to other regional, national and international cases.

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3. The projectual Method here illustrated, based on the individuation of the “features of the villa” starting from diacronic and diatopic investigations, which result from the employement of the process type method, allowed to avoid the attitude to interpret the project as an action not rooted in the context.

4. The introduction of the Analysis of technologic values allowed to obtain important directions on the technologic and energetic update of villa Peripato and to deduce important guidelines on the energetic integration of parks and communal villas.

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PRELIMINARY CONTEXT ANALYSIS

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The renewal of Villa Peripato corresponds to a general renovation of the urban patterns and the functions within Taranto’s “Hamlet”.In time, the territory has been characterized by a slow but progressive renovation of the city, from south to north, with respect to the location of the Hamlet. Such a renewal has overall revealed itself with the conquest of new pedestrian areas and the growth of leisure and commercial activities inside the area. Neverthless, the regeneration started from lungomare Virgilio, stopped at the boundaries of the pedestrian area of via d’Aquino, and has not reached the area of Villa Peripato nor the internal border of the urban coastline, fa-cing “Mar Piccolo”.For this reason , the study of feasibility, in realation to the strategic proposed scenary, justifies not only the im-mediate goal to find a new role for Villa Peripato and the “Hamlet” in the broader urban system of Taranto, but proposes an action program to stimulate the regeneration process started within the Hamlet. Below we illustrate some peculiar critical points which influenced the regeneration process:- The refunctionalization of the patterns only concerned the main southern axes (Lungomare Virgilio and the cen-tral pedestrian axis of Via d’Aquino), excluding the northen areas closer to the Navy’s wharf and villa Peripato’s garden (Via Umberto Primo and Via Pitagora);- The penetration process into the blocks has only worked between Lungomare Virgilio and Via d’Aquino, where there is a limited number of stores;- The quality of the patterns is unchanged especially in the internal axes of Via d’Aquino. It seems that the urban renewal has a scarce influence on the surroundings. The pedestrians stream is high in the central area, which is free from the car traffic, but nothing is changing towards the area of Villa Peripato. The latter appears as an abandoned terminal and remaining part of the city rather than an urban garden.- there are no transversal streams from Via d’Aquino to Via Pitagora. While looking at Lungomare Virgilio we find a visual and physical connection with the external venue (Great Sea), the same does not occur in the opposite direction. The reason for this can be found in the loss of the function of the internal lungomare, still blocked by the services of the Italian Navy.

The regeneration of Taranto city

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The regeneration of Taranto city

For these reasons, Villa Peripato does not take the function of green belt, open to the city.

While the white areas in the figure have previously been influended by the renewal of the urban axes, the turquoise and blue areas need a new urban regeneration and a promoting action.The right way is to open the internal area towards the external, starting from the centre, with the aim of opening Villa Peripato to people and activities.

If the vaste project of connection from Mar Piccolo and Punta Penna will be achieved, the passage from outside to inside will be balanced by the rise of a new interest which will reconnect the streams simmetrically from the opposite side. With the internal Waterfront opening, the regeneration will be spontaneous, and Villa Peripato will become the entrance to the garden and the heart of the city. It will favour the restoration also with the inevitable increase of the commercial and social activities in the northen part of the “Hamlet”.

It is necessary to plan the employement of the internal seafront passing through:

- The negotiation with the Italian Navy to create an access to the internal lungomare; - The analysis of the state of the commercial activities in the northern axes (Via Umberto I and Via Pitagora); - The promotion of a new regeneration plan for the wider area of the “Hamlet”.

ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORIAL CONTEXT AT

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ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORIAL CONTEXT

edited by

Prof. Arch. C. MontalbanoArch. M. C. Buquicchio

Arch. E. Ciaccia

ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORIAL CONTEXT AT

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STUDY:

AIMS:

RESULTS:

The methods used to analyze the territorial system are oriented towards the inclusion of Villa Peripato in the wider urban and landscape system. From the performed analysis, first in the territorial and urban range, and then in the quarter range, it was possible to understand how Villa Peripato is the core of several system mutually interacting. This feature was found both at on a higher scale, including all Taranto’s territory and surroundings, and on a lower scale, including the surrounding quarter. Therefore it was possible to define the behaviour of the Villa through the relationships it has with the surrounding elements.

Through the contextual analysis it was possible to find the quarter, urban and territorial resources in relation to the relationships they have with Villa Peripato. Such resources have been divided according to their behaviour in: punctual, linear and superficial. By means of the correlation between these data the critical situations, virtues and detractors have been highlighted.

To value the role of the Villa in its different degrees of interaction with the context, it is necessary to reconnect it to the city and the territory eliminating the urban barriers through the introduction of new pedestrian routes, conquering the overlook on Mar Piccolo by managing the new state areas and making the villa a hub for the various kinds of mobility, a confluence between the historical, archeological, educational resources and museums.

ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORIAL CONTEXTI-AT

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This analysis aims to identify the main harbour resources of the territory. We started by pinpointing the various activities and their distribution, distinguishing them, according to the customer base, in territorial and urban. This has highlighted how there is an outbalance of the activities, which collapses the system. The tension of the services, indeed, is concentrated in the urban area, widening and losing power towards the external.Through the superimposition of these data it was possible to observe how the presence of these activities causes the risk of collapse in some areas of the city, as for instance in the quarter “Old Town” where the facilities concentrate, or, on the contrary the isolation of some quarters as Tamburi or Paolo VI, where the facilities are insufficient.

Analysis of Punctual Resources

KEY

Museums and historical buildings

Schools and universities

Religious buildings

Sport centres

Health services

Administrative buildings

Theatres and Cinemas

Leisure activities

Receptive structures

Shopping centres

ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORIAL CONTEXT I-AT

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Analysis of Punctual ResourcesAnalysis of Punctual Resources


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Analysis of Punctual Resources


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Analysis of Areal Resources

This analysis aims to pinpoint the main areal resources in the territory immediately adjacent to the city.They have been divided into four systems: natural, equipped green area, disused areas and built areas.Their superimposition has made evident how they have different features and their position creates non homogeneous areas within the territory.

KEY

Disused area

Equipped green areas

PIRP Area

Archeological areas

Ship yards

Docklands

Caves

Industrial area

Naturalistic area


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Analysis of Areal Resources


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Analysis of Linear Resources

This analysis aims to identify the main linear resources.They have been divided in railway networks, roads, pedestrian areas and sea routes.It is clear how the only system crossing the city is the rubber mobility one, which is not able to support the entire urban pattern. There are, indeed, territorial components with no connections, and so, without possibilities for economic and social development, contrary to places such as the Hamlet quarter which, on the other hand, shows an overload of urban and territorial systems.

KEY

Infrastruttural network with urban penetration

Mobility network

Urban network

Waterways

Southern orbital road

Circum Mar Piccolo

Railway

Disused railway

Pedestrian axes

Waterway stops

Railway stops


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Analysis of Linear Resources


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Analysis of the Environmental System - Territorial context

The analysis of the environment connected to the means of transport highlights how the latter arent able to connect the various resources the city has at its disposal. In fact the linear resources cross the superficial ones without making a connection with them which could value them through a slow network between city and landscape.

KEY

Shrubs

Humid areas

Woods and scrubland

Rivers

Hydrographic lattice

Saltworks

Ravines

Infrastructural network with urban penetration

Mobility network

Urban network

Waterways

Southern orbiltal road

Circum Mar Piccolo

Railway

Disused railway

Pedestrian axes

Waterway stops

Railway stops


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Analysis of the Historical-Cultural System - Territorial context

Through the connection between the historical-cultural system and the transport network it was possible to highlight how the scarce connection between the historical and archeological goods represents a critical point for the territory. In fact there are no routes valuing such a historical-archeological heritage of the city and reconnecting it to the urban pattern.

KEY


Archeological areas


Mobility network

Urban network

Waterways


Circum Mar Piccolo

Railway

Disused railway

Pedestrian axes

Waterway stops

Railway stops


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Analysis of the Territorial Service System

The connection between linear resources and the facilities presenting a territorial customer base highlights how they are not easily accessible by means of extra-urban infrastructures and define collapsing areas within the city.

KEY

Sport centres


Mobility network

Urban network

Waterways


Circum Mar Piccolo

Railway

Disused railway

Pedestrian axes

Waterway stops

Railway stops

Schools

Health services

Shopping malls


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Anslysis of the Urban Facilities System

The urban facilities system does not prove to be adequately supported by the transport network as can be noted by the correlation between punctual and linear resources. In fact, the latter cross the city without establishing connections among the various forms of urban services, causing the isolation risk of some urban sectors due to an inefficient communication network system.

KEY

Religious buildings


Mobility network

Urban network

Waterways


Circum Mar Piccolo

Railway

Disused railway

Pedestrian axes

Schools

Health services

Sport centres

Theatres and cinemas

Administrative buildings

Shopping centres

Leisure activities


Receptive structures


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SWOT Analysis- Strengths

Through the analysis of the critical points characterizing the territory it was possible to determine the following strengths: 1. presence of important environmental areas immediately adjacent to the city;

2. wide presence of important archeological and historical-architectural resources;

3. High environmental value of Circum Mar Piccolo road;

4. Presence of tourist harbour;

5. Industrial area as relevant economic spin-off.

KEY

Archeological and architectonic resources


Circum Mar Piccolo

Tourist harbour

Industial area

Area of naturalistic interest


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SWOT Weaknesses - Debolezze

The contextual analysis highlighted the following weaknesses characterizing the territory: 1. Physical discontinuity between the territories creating accessibility and connection problems;

2. Environmental decay of the basins;

3. Areas to reclaim and with limitations (military and state)

4. Access to and overlook denied on Mar Piccolo;

5. Marginality of the railway respect to the city;

6. Sea traffic only within Mar Grande;

7. Discontinuity of the Hamlet system with the environmental systems;

8. Industrial area: environmental decay, soil consumption, basin pollution;

9. Scarce dynamism of the companies.

KEY

Railway

Waterways

Physical separation between quarters

Military area

Industrial area


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SWOT Analysis - Opportunities

From the analysis on the territory the following opportunities have been pinpointed: 1. Circum Mar Piccolo as a resource to connect the points of interest; 2. Dismissed railway to be used as a new slow connecting system between city and landscape; 3. Former shipyards and military areas as new territorial hubs and docking points for Mar Piccolo sea routes; 4. Possibility to reconnect archeologically relevant areas to the urban pattern; 5. Universities as sources of urban regeneration; 6. Connection to the equipped green areas as an integrated system in the city.

KEY

Archeological and architectonic resources

Disused railway

Areas being disused

Areas of naturalistic interest

Circum Mar Piccolo



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SWOT Analysis - Threats

The contextual analysis revealed the presence of the following threats: 1. Isolation risk of the urban sectors caused by an inefficient communication network; 2. Perspective invasion of the industrial areas respect to those of a higher landscape value of the city; 3. Collapse of the archeological, historical and architectural heritage because of the lack of a connective network; 4. Loss and fragmentation of the environmental resources (equipped green areas and natural heritage) due to the lack of interconnections between the resources.

KEY

Connection between areas of historical-cultural interest

Industrial area

Physical separation between quarters

Areas of archeological and architectonic interest


23

Analysis of the Functional System - Urban context

This analysis mainly concentrates on the urban aspect in relation to Villa Peripato.In the functional system the main public services are highlighted gathered according to the customer base, through which it was possible to define the territorial and urban influencing areas.

KEY

Schools and religious buil-dings

Receptive structures and leisure activities

Health services and administrative buildings

Shopping centres

Museums, historical buildings, cinemas and theatres



24

Analysis of the Mobility System - Urban context

This analysis underlines the mobility system of the urban setting, divided into primary, secondary and pedestrian viability.It can be deduced how the presence of pedestrian axes characterizing the quarter is extinct compared with the roads, which on the contrary cross the Hamlet even with wide transit tracts and so creating an excessive fragmentation.

KEY

Primary viability

Secondary viability

Pedestrian axes


25

Analysis of the Green and Equipped areas System - Urban context

The equipped green areas system which characterizes the Hamlet, is not provided with a connection network, as can be seen from this analysis, on the contrary it is composed of discontinued areas.It can be noted also how the green areas are concentrated along corso Umberto and Lungomare Vittorio Emanuele III.

LEGENDA

Piazza G. Garibaldi

Piazza della Vittoria

Villa Peripato

Piazza M. Immacolata

Piazza G. Bettolo

Lungomare Vittorio Emanuele III

Piazza Ebalia

Fine Lungomare


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


26

Analysis of the Historical-Archeological System - Urban context

This analysis highlights the historical-archeological resource system located around Villa Peripato and the Hamlet quarter. They represent an important resource not only for the city but also for the Villa due to their strategical location.

KEY

Archeological areas

Historical buildings

Museums


27

SWOT Analysis - Strengths

From the urban analysis the following strengths emerged: 1. Presence of archeological systems in the immediate surrounding of the quarter; 2. Privileged overlook condition of the villa (sole direct access to the sea) 3. High environmental value of Circum Mar Piccolo road; 4. Proximity of the tourist harbour to the villa; 5. Proximity of the gardens and the fishing dock to the villa.

KEY

Main road axes

Viewing cones

Old town

Places of historical and archeological interest


28

SWOT Analysis - Weaknesses

From the urban analysis the following weaknesses emerged: 1. Military or State area as physical barrier between city and sea; 2. Visual and physical barriers in the relationship between city and sea; 3. Isolation of the villa due to the excessive fragmentation generated by the driveways; 4. Lack of connections between the resources of the urban sector; 5. Lack of transversal streams from via d’Aquino towards via Pitagora and Lungomare Virgilio; 6. Excessive concentration of the driveway stream in the hamlet and the old town.

KEY

Separation between via D’Aquino and via Pitagora

Separation between the villa and Mar Piccolo

Old town

Old town


29

SWOT Analysis - Opportunities

From the urban analysis the following opportunities emerged: 1. Connection to the adjacent green areas around the villa; 2. Use of the military areas as a junction between city and sea; 3. Acquisition of a new junction role for Piazza Kennedy and Piazza Bettolo on via Pitagora’s axis; 4. Interconnection of the green areas as a new circuit of equipped urban facilities; 5. Direct accessibility to the Mar Piccolo from the villa; 6. Introduction of new pedestrian routes to enhance the connection among the internal resources of the quarter.

KEY

Separation between via D’Aquino and via Pitagora

Squares

Navy area being disused

Navy green areas

Green areas

Connections within Mar Piccolo


30


The urban analysis highlighted the risk of isolation of urban sector segment of villa Peripato if: - the urban barrier of via Di Palma is not removed;- the boundary with the old town is not removed;- the overlook on Mar Piccolo is not obtained;- via Pitagora is not enhanched.

KEY

Villa Peripato isolation

SP

REGIONE PUGLIAServizio Beni Culturali

Programme co-funded by theEUROPEAN UNION

31

STRATEGIC PLANNING

edited by

Arch. L. Guastamacchia Arch. S. Laterza

STRATEGIC PLANNING



32

STRATEGIC PLANNING SP

STUDY:

AIMS:

RESULTS:



33

The analysis of the environmental and social-economical condition and the elaboration of planning strategies have been conducted individuating territorial macro-systems which could provide means of group action and index the possible funding sources. The macro-systems functional to an organic reading of the territory are the mobility networks, not as a mere places of movement, but as a connection between elements and further networks.The interscalarity of the systems allows the cyclical control of the territorial actions and reactions, in a perspective of continual revision of the project outputs

The definition of the organic systems of intervention, which through the detection of micro-actions on urban scale, aims to generate environmental and social-economical processes on territorial scale.

The elaboration of an interscalar project of Taranto’s development territory around Mar Piccolo and, in detail, Villa Peripato.The global project is composed of several interpretative levels constituted by the mobility networks. It is structured in their mutual relations and in their integration with the environmental and cultural systems in the gradual lowering of scale. The “project settings” provide information about the complexity of systemic relations and the related homogeneity for characters and implications.Villa Peripato is set as the cornerstone around which the urban, environmental, cultural and social-economic resources of Taranto’s territory orbit and represents also the compelling crossroads of all the mobility levels and modes.



II-SP STRATEGIC PLANNING

34

The territorial project represents the synthesis of the environmental, cultural and social-economical potentials of Taranto’s context. Among the other territorial resources it considers Mar Piccolo as a new attraction, no longer a resource for several economic and infrastructural activites gravitating around it, but as a potentially attractive element for a sustainable development of the territory. Villa Peripato hence becomes a strategic hub in the program of the necessary interventions to recuperate the territorial context of Taranto, as much for its important position in the environmental and landscape context of the basin, as for its multiple urban values. The project scheme of the territory, structured and organized in mobility lines (waterways, collective land transport line, road mobility, slow mobility), has led to the elaboration of an integrated layout which, through the riequilibrium of the antropic pressures and valuating the environmental and landscape resources with high potential, triggers processes of riqualification of the context. The project actions, in response to the revealed critical points of the territory, and determined in terms of budget hypotesis based on the funding program, work on some territorial strategic knots so to promote and coordinate current and future processes of territorial transformation for a substantial requalification of the territory from an environmental, landscape and cultural point of view. The analysis and project aspects of the territory have been methodologically analyzed on two different levels, territorial and urban, in order to allow and determine, on different scales, the relational values (ecological, infrastructural, historical, aesthetic, economical, etc.) which Villa Peripato can assure in the four project strategies of the mobility network. In the

A territorial project for the retrieval of Taranto’s environmental system

KEY

The mobility system

Water mobility

Collective mobility

Slow mobility

Road mobility

wharfs

stations

places of interest

infrastructural knots

waterways

railways and collective transport lines

landscape itineraries

roads

km0 0,5 1 2


Programme co-funded by theEUROPEAN UNION REGIONE PUGLIA

Servizio Beni Culturali


II-SPSTRATEGIC PLANNING

35

road mobility network system the estimation of parking areas near the urban accesses or in proximity of the exchange nodes assures a system of inter-modality, as an effective strategy for the traffic unclogging, in favour of a pedestrianization process of the streets and roads with a high economic and cultural potential.Apart from the pedestrianization process, the slow mobility network, from the internal pathways of Villa Peripato, assures its connection with the urban shopping and cultural streets, and in the territory with the rural and naturalistic paths for the fruition of the historical masserie of the lamas and canals, humid areas and extra-urban parks. Under the urban aspect Villa Peripato acts as a starter in the activation of environmental riqualification processes of the green areas adjacent to the basin, assuring the ecologic connection with the large green area near the Navy walls and continuing, in the rural context, with the natural habitat and the urban and peri-urban parks system of the eastern side. The complex environmental system which characterizes Taranto’s territorial context and determines the territorial resources (natural, archeological, architectonic, infrastructural, ecologic, and cultural) and their relationships is recognizable in 4 project areas (environmental park, extended rural context, ecologic corridor, environmental urban park). The interpretation of these areas assumes as a dominant feature the ecologic and landscape potential of the green areas and indicates time after time the context values to be interpreted by the future project actions. In particular: the ‘Environmental Park’ is the project area composed of those diametrically opposed areas to the urban centre, but connected to it through Mar Piccolo basin. It is the place with the highest expansion rate in the middle and long term and looking at the same time at an unstable dimension of project, but open dynamics in time.The southeastern part of the “extended rural context” shows itself for its agricultural and productive value, with a more spread presence of historical cultural resources, namely masserie and archeological sites. From this the “Ecologic Corridor” field is inserted, with a peri-urban green system in which an ecological and environmental value is recognized also at the service of the city.Finally, Villa Peripato forms a substantial part of the “Urban Environmental Park” composed by the gardens distributed in the historical core and by the whole green tampon belt, by the great potential connections, and no longer as a separation from the city.

A territorial project for the retrieval of Taranto’s environmental system

The settling system

The environmental system

Project features

The rural landscape system

urban centre in 1945

Great saltwork

environmental park

crops

urban expansion after 1945

Villa Peripato

humid areas

extended rural context

orchards

enclave-platform

Parco Cimino

woods and scrubland

ecologic corridor

arable

industrial poles

ravines, canals, valleys, lame

shrubs and bushes

urban environmental park

olive tree groves

vineyard

meadows and natural grazings




36

Network system: waterways

In the retrieval project of Mar Piccolo navigability a range of actions are provided aimed at the riconnection of the several Taranto’s centralities. In Particular the retrieval of the sea wharfs of the Tosi shipyards becomes necessary (serving Paolo VI quarter) as well as the extension of via Archimede (serving Tamburi quarter) for the direct transport between the main peri-urban areas and the old town; the retrieval of the sea wharfs for the intermodal exchange between the urban outskirts and the old town: six in Mar Piccolo’s western cove and four along Mar Grande’s coast; the restoration of 7 small wharfs for small coastal navigation along the coastal perimeter of Mar Piccolo and 2 on Mar Grande; the organization of a sea transport line, which will make use of the docking close to Villa Peripato and work as a junction between Paolo VI quarter and the old town, and between Tamburi quarter and the old town. A sea transport system, which will therefore exploit the navigability of mar piccolo to connect the urban areas in the north, west, south and south-east, along with the light navigation along the western cove of mar piccolo through places of high environmental and historical value.

KEY

direct lines waterway wharfs

waterway wharfs

docklands

direct linesPaolo VI - Villa PeripatoTamburi - Villa Peripato

waterway lines

percorso idro naturalistico

km0 0,5 1 2






37

Network system: waterways. Integration systemsNetwork system: waterways

The wharfs for Mar Piccolo navigability are small equipped areas spread in the proximity of the mouths of the tributary cracks of the eastern cove, namely at the downline of the environmental parks and the intermodal nots, while they are the finishing line of the naturalistic routes built along the pits edges..

Through the controlled enhancement of sea transport the concentrations of high environmental value habitats adjacent to the areas with strong antropic and infrastructural pressure see the possibility of a qualitative and quantitative increment. While the return of Mar Piccolo to the civil use of sustainable transport favours the conversion of military and industrial areas in aid of a minor aggression and pollution rate of the water.

The high amount and diffusion of sites of cultural interest characterizing the surroundings of Mar Piccolo increase their own fruition, awareness and tourist attractivity by connecting to the sea network whose wharfs are organized to welcome the slow mobility and sustainability means both individual and collective (bicycles, tandems, electric buses).

...with the geomorphological system

...with the environmental system

...with the cultural system


archeological sites

sites of cultural interest

historical buildings

naturalistic routes

churches

masserie

natural habitats

km0 1 2

km0 1 2

km0 1 2




38

Network system: waterways. Feature hypothesis

Villa Peripato is configured within the seaways system as a main hub of connection and distribution due to its strategic centrality between the old town and the sub-centralities of the outskirts around mar piccolo. The retrieval of the state area between mar piccolo and the villa, moreover, is the key to the infrastructural knot resolution which sees in the intermodal pedestrian-sea exchange the reason for the interconnection between the quotas and the functions of the different levels

KEY

low anthropization coast

piers for urban transport service

coast for tourist service

military platforms

areas being released from state ownership

belvedere

pin to pin service wharfs

promenades along the water line

descents to the sea

km0 0,25 0,5






39

Network system: waterways. Hypothesis of actionNetwork system: waterways. Feature hypothesis

Piers arrangement at the waterway wharfs

Retrieval of state structures and the pertaining areas

Restoration of the panoramic belt of Villa Peripato and restoration of the view towards mar piccolo and refunctionalization of the pathways along the water line and the altitude gaps through pedestrian slopes to the sea

infrastructural actions

the water line

altitude profile relations

low anthropization coast

piers for urban transport service

tourist service coast

military platforms

areas being released by state ownership

belvedere

pin to pin service wharfs

promenades along the water line

descents to the sea

km0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5




40

Network system: land collective transport line.

The retrieval of the potential landscape fruition of the railway lines and collective transport is the key to the logistic tourist connection of the resources distributed around Mar Piccolo basin. The optimization and the retrieval of the railway line with the dismissal of the dead ends and the regeneration of the weastern line safeguard, riqualificate and value the functional, viewing and ecologic relations between the infrastructure and the context; while the refunctionalization of the existing railway ring of circumarpiccolo leads to a sustainable and potentially capillar fruition of the city and the landscape goods through the cross penetration in all Taranto’s centralities and the interconnection with the slow traffic network thanks to rest stops for intermodal exchange. The collective transport ring closes in fact with the enhancement of a main connection line on bus or electrical trams which would connect the urban access of Parco Cimino with Villa Peripato, integration centre for all the networks, and with the Central Station, enhanced as switching not through the realization of parking areas.

KEY

railway stations

connection stations with the wa-terways network

connection station with the land-scape routes network

national railway lines

circumarpiccolo railway

collective transport line

km0 0,5 1 2






41

Network system: land collective transport line. Integration systems

Network system: land collective transport line.

The collective transport line is configured as a ring around Mar Piccolo, which offers a complete cross section of the landscape from the urban context to the naturalistic and cultural one. The morphologic setting of the soil does not affect the cross trend of the railway and collective urban lines, and the different altitudes of the lamas are managed by horizontal light connections.

The environmental context does not interfere with the collective transport network, except in the south-east area of the analyzed territory. Here the interference is managed with the use of slow electrical power means on a support spaced out by ecologic defragmentation solutions.

The elenents of the cultural system are appreciable by the collective slow and sustainable means of transport and reachable both from the exchange stations, and, through the latter, by walking through the itineraries of natural, historical, archeological interest which favour the refunctionalization from a tourist-receptive angle.




km0 1 2

km0 1 2

km0 1 2


archeological sites



naturalistic routes

churches

masserie

natural habitats




42

Network system: collective land transport line. Hypothesis of feature

Respect to the collective transport system Villa Peripato is configured as an intermodal knot between all the networks, both water and collective and pedestrian ways, while the cultural and commercial refunctionalization of the state perimeter allows the forced crossing, and so the fruition of the villa itself, stop of the collective transport, where it is possible to reach the sea line wharf.

KEY

connection stations with wa-terways network



crossing between the road network and the wharf

km0 0,25 0,5






43

Network system: collective land transport line. Hypothesis of actionNetwork system: collective land transport line. Hypothesis of feature

Adaptation of the road way to a reduced vehicolar traffic with the apposition of a suitable place for public transport.

Creation of the rest area.

Restoration of the villa area with particular attention to the pedestrian walkway between the street and the wharf.

the infrastructural actions

the transport line

the altitude profile relations



connection stations with the wa-terways network

attraversamento tra la rete stradale e l’attracco marittimo

km0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5




44

The strategies affecting the road network aim to a new equilibrium of the vehicle pressure, which characterizes the urban centre, through the enhancement of some crossing axes and the thinning of the urban road system. In particular, this includes the enhancement of the infrastructural network and the heavy traffic along the inter-provincial routes and the individuation of a second peri-urban crossing network. Both the subsystems integrate with the south motorway link which is being completed. Moreover it is impossible to overlook the integration of the infrastructural knots with the other collective mobility networks, both water and land ways, and light, where there are parking areas working both as exchange and as a declogging means of the critic areas of the old town and the urban accesses, tending to an organic and hierarchical regrouping of the urban road network.

KEY

Networks system: road mobility.

main roads junctions

main infrastructural network

southern orbital road

extra-urban roads

urban penetration roads

urban roads

parking areas

km0 0,5 1 2






45




Networks system: road mobility. Integration systems

The interferences between the main street network and the hydro-geo-morphological system are reduced to a minimum because the road ways favour easier soil conditions. The road mobility network cuts Mar Piccolo and avoids the eastern naturalistic context, transversally serving the northern industrial plants and curving through Ponte Punta in the southern rural setting.

In the rare cases of interference between roads and habitat of high environmental interest and vulnerability, the interventions of defragmentation in the road substratum favour the ecosystem continuity, while the infrastructural knots are concentrated around the main industrial perimeters.

The southern arterial road in the main extra-urban road network which streatches in the agricultural plains intercepts a range of sites of historical and archeological interest, and takes here, as in the urban setting, the role of cultural and landscape connector.


archeological sites



naturalistic routes

churches

masserie

natural habitats

km0 1 2

km0 1 2

km0 1 2




46

The role of the villa as a catalyst of the traffic causes the users stream of Taranto to be channeled into the adjacent parking areas, offering, through the retrieval of its strategic value, urban quality and social-economical development. The Navy’s structured pier, instead, responds to the urge of designing new parking areas, favouring the car parking in correspondence of the urban knot constituted by the Villa and the distribution of the human stream along the alternative lines of fruition.

KEY

Networks system: road mobility. Hypothesis of feature

accesses to Villa Peripato

urban crossing axis

main urban fabric

urban green areas and open spaces

intermodal parking area

secondary pedestrian axis

main pedestrian axes

km0 0,25 0,5






47

the system of the villa accesses

the pedestrian axes

the intermodal knot

Networks system: road mobility. Hypothesis of action

Completion of the pedestrianization of the axes connecting Villa Peripato to Viale Virgilio and partial pedestrianization of Via Pitagora

Individuation of parking areas in areas released from state ownership

Retrieval of the accesses to the villa and the spaces in relation to the surrounding definition pattern

accesses to Villa Peripato

secondary pedestrian axis

intermodal parking area

main pedestrian axeskm

0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5




48

Networks system: slow mobility.

The requalification project of Taranto’s landscape starts from the retrieval of circumarpiccolo road as a panoramic belt of the eastern cove of Mar Piccolo and the individuation of the integration knots to the cultural network system. A slow accessibility, which would favour the reappropriation of Taranto’s cultural identity, necessitates the declassification of the connecting roads between the sites of cultural interest and with the adjustment of the naturalistic routes. the natural sustainable fruition occurs along the lamas up to the sea, offering a cross section on the natural habitats respecting the environmental equilibrium. The cultural network has its own knots in the sites of archeologic, historical and architectonic interest, so, as an opoortunity for a tourist-receptive economic rebirth , an architectonic restoration is necessary in particular and an environmental restoration in general, without excluding their regrouping. The same can be said about urbanity where the pedestrian network becomes a vehicle for slow relations, and so aware relations.

KEY

circumarpiccolo

routes of historical and architectonic interest

routes of naturalistic interest


masserie

archeological sites

churches


km0 0,5 1 2






49

Networks system: slow mobility. Integration systemsNetworks system: slow mobility.

The naturalistic itineraries built along the edges of the lamas intersect the circuits of the cultural routes until reaching the navigation wharsf of Mar Piccolo downstream.

The ridge routes follow the developing trend of the natural habitats while the tourist-cultural cicuits, capillarizing in the territory, cross both natural and rural contexts.

The ‘light’ network is itself object of cultural fruition both for its ‘slow’ character and for the historical sedimentation which characterizes the elements (masserias, archeological sites, etc), the connections, mostly dirt patch roads, with a reduced section, limited by dry walls.




km0 1 2

km0 1 2

km0 1 2


archeological sites



naturalistic routes

churches

masserie

natural habitats




50

Networks system: slow mobility. Hypothesis of feature

The historical stratification found in the research proves the historical archeological value of Villa Peripato, attributing to it a museum vocation. For what regards the area musealization, the non state areas can be included in the cultural frame as examples of industrial archeology and museum promoted by the Navy.

KEY

archeological sites

churches


urban green areas and open spaces

urban pedestrian network

km0 0,25 0,5






51

Networks system: slow mobility. Hypothesys of action

Road axes declassification connecting the villa to the main urban poles and pedestrian walkways with actions aimed to restore the road ways..

Restoration of the urban historical architectonic values

Musealization of the villa in a historical botanical view, from the convent and the non state structures with the determination and restoration of the routes inside the villa.

the infrastructural actions

the axes and the open spaces

the cultural resources

urban green areas and open spacesiurban pedestrian network

archeological sites

buildings

churches

Villa Peripato

km0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5

km0 0,25 0,5

ES

53

ECONOMICAL-FINANCIAL STRATEGY

edited by

Prof. Eng. C. Torre Eng. V. Sannicandro

ECONOMICAL-FINANCIAL STRATEGY ES

55

STUDY:

AIMS:

RESULTS:

The study of feasibility underlines the conditions which make the indications originated by the strategic project scenario convenient and achievable. This could represent the basis for a new preliminar program for Taranto’s General Urban Plan, for what regards the rehabilitation of «Mar Piccolo» and the «Hamlet». In fact, starting from the preliminar diagnosis on the territory in which the proposal is included, and due to the complexity of the context, the study of the feasibility is oriented towards the deepening of the economical dimension, especially with respect to the possibility of financing the regeneration actions with the national and European monetary funds.

Such feasibility study shows how the European planning 2014/2020, stated with respect to eleven thematic axes of finance and a transversal thematic axis “Tourism, culture and sport”, would allow the city Administration to amortize the entire investment, not only related to Villa Peripato but also the whole territory of Taranto. Actually, in order to favour the achievement of the goals in terms of intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth, in the strategic picture of the Union, the FESR supports the investments aimed to promote the energetic efficiency, also through the integration of the generation provided by renewable sources, innovation and research, the promotion of a low carbon-emission economy, developing sustainable mobility networks and reinforcing the infrastructural networks, the support to small and medium companies and to the activities which favour employement.

The action on Villa Peripato could be seen from different angles: as a heritage museum, main Downtown park, main part of the green facilities of the city, core of a sustainable mobility system.In fact several aspect are to be noticed, which could be enphasized in turns in terms of the specific financial axis affected. What follows highlights that the sinergy between the different actions performed near Villa Peripato will be able to sustain the birth of a different economical action, based on tourism and culture, opposef to the mono-economy of steel production, currently prevalent on Taranto’s territory.

ECONOMICAL-FINANCIAL STRATEGYV-ES

56

Strategy and actions plan

The proposals from the European Commission for the coesion policy of 2020 aim to promote a growth which is:- intelligent: develop an economy based on knowledge and innovation;– sustainable: incentivise a more effective economy on the resources profile, greener and more competitive;– inclusive: develop an economy with a high rate of occupation which can favour the social and territorial cohesion.According to those priorities, the objectives of the new planning 2014-2020 are those reported in the table, for which Italy will benefit from a total of communal resources of 32.268 million euros, of which 22.334 million euros for the less developed regions (including Puglia). To the communal amount the national cofinancing will be added at the expense of the rotation Fund of which the law n. 183 of 1987, calculated in the d.d.l. for the formation of the annual balance (Legge di Stabilità for 2014) in the amount of 24 billion euros, and the cofinancing amount of regional source to be destined to PORs. To the mentioned resources, will add also those of the Development and Cohesion Fund, whose refinancing is included in the bill of Stability law for 2014, a total amount, in the 7-years planning, of about 54 billion euros.

However, the partnership Agreement for the European funds signed by Italy has not been delegated to the regional planning yet. In fact, the feasibility study is baset on future scenarios hypothesis.The pie chart summarizes on an intermediate scale the set of sectorial actions, aimed to the realization of the entire relaunch strategy of the competition in the Hamlet and Villa Peripato’s areas (seen in this case as a catalyst core), anchored to the complex territorial system represented by Mar Piccolo coves, the Hamlet and the old town. This system, currently suffering for the lacking attractivity of its cultural, environmental and infrastructural components, is revived through the macro-actions represented in the key, which amount in total to about 57 million euros in terms of the economical size of the action. It can be imagined that they could be realized with an approach based on sinergies which make the mentioned objectives converge, identifiable in the proposed financing axes for the FESR funds in the program 14-20.Analyzing the relationship between the effects generated by the action in the strategic picture and the expected results, associated with FESR financing, it is possible to coherently analyze the chain action - result - financial coverage. It can be noted that the actions connected to the infrastructural actions, related to accessability and mobility, are certainly the most relevant on the economical dimension of the financing. Actually, such actions do not represent the mere translation of a new infrastructural layout just for the Hamlet, in which Villa Peripato is located, but a reconfiguration of the territorial system in terms of sustainability, fruibility of the cultural heritage and museal, regain of the Navy areas, construction of an alternative and competitive model to steel economy, which Taranto needs and not only Villa Peripato.

KEY

Villa Peripato’s retrieval and resetting of the surroundings

Musealization of the building along the perimetre

Musealization of the Navy estates

Incentives to medium and small businesses

Energy from renewable sour-ces and building sustainability

Restoration of the railway tracks

Wharfs and Waterway for Mar Piccolo’s circuit

Accessibility and parking areas (road networks)

Retrieval of Parco Orientale

HUB system (intermodal knots in Mar Piccolo)

Estimated investment/ ML€ European planning 2014/2020- Thematic Objectives

ECONOMICAL-FINANCIAL STRATEGY V-ES

57

The FESR - 2014/2020 planning includes the TRANSVERSAL THEMATIC AXIS, which regards TOURISM, CULTURE AND SPORT.

In particular for tourism are included: the promotion of enterpreneurial skills in sustainable tourism, the connection of punctual, linear and surface resources of the urban system, the fruition of the connections and services on each scale.

The pie chart clarifies, with different colours, the actions that could be financed by the transversal thematic axis, for what regards the sectors of tourism and culture.The actions, and as a consequence, the costs that could be covered by the allocated funding for such objective are denoted by a saturated colour: the retrieval of Villa Peripato and its surroundings (5ML/euros), the musealization of the buildings located along the perimetre (4ML/euros), the musealization of state-owned estates (6ML/euros), the setting of Parco Orientale (5ML/euros) and all the infrastructural apparatus (in total 34ML/euros).

European Planning 2014-20: transversal themes

KEY


Musealizations of the buildings along the perimetre

Musealization of the Navy estates

Incentives to small and me-dium businesses




Accessability and parking areas (road networks)



Estimated investment / ML€

Strategy and actions plan


58

The THIRD THEMATIC AXIS of FESR - 2014/2020 planning, or SUPPORT TO SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES, involves the activation of a range of strategic actions which make feasable the urban regeneration action.

Such actions must be explicited: simplifying the economical exploitation of new ideas and promoting the creation of new companies; developing and making new activity models for the PMI, in particular for the internationalization; supporting the creation and the widening of advanced capabilities for the development of products and services; supporting the ability of the PMI to grow on regional, national and international markets and participate in innovation processes.

Therefore, the investment aimed to the revival of SMEs located around Villa Peripato (1ML/euros), to the accessability and arrangement of the parking areas (4ML/euros) and to the construction of the HUB system - intermodal knots of circummarpiccolo (5ML/euros) equal, as a whole, to ten million euros, will be absorbed by the fundings provided for the less developed Regions, which include Puglia, as it is highlighted in the pie chart underlining the above mentioned costs.

The financial allocation indicative for the birth and the consolidation of Micro, Small and Medium of innovative nature is 482 million euros, while for the release of the propension to investments of the productive system is 768 million euros. The following bar chart illustrates the division of the fundings respect to the single expected results.

European Planning 2014-20: III thematic objective

KEY


Musealization of the buildings along the perimetre

Musealization of the Navy’s estates









Financial allocation for the less developed regions, indicating expected result/ ML€


59

European Planning 2014-20: IV thematic objective

The FOURTH THEMATIC AXIS of FESR - 2014/2020 planning, or SUPPORT OF THE TRANSITION TOWARDS A LOW CARBON EMISSION ECONOMY, is divided in several objectives, three of which are specifically affecting Taran-to’s territory: sustainable multimodal urban mode, investments on efficient use of Energy, Renewable Energy and investments on intelligent networks.

Such objectives will be explicited: promoting the production and distribu-tion of energy from renewable sources; sustaining the energetic efficiency, the intelligent management of energy and the use of renewable energy in public infrastructures and in the housing building sector; developing and creating intelligent systems of distribution which operate on low and me-dium tension; promoting strategies for low carbon emission for all kinds of territory, including the promotion of sustainable multimodal urban mobility and pertaining mesures of adjustment and mitigation; promoting research and innovation in low carbon emission technology field and adoption.

For the objectives related to the fourth axis, in total about 2165 million euros have been funded for the less developed Regions, which will ab-sorb the investments related to the works highlighted in the pie chart. In particular they are the operations of sustainable edification and promotion of renewable energy usage (2ML/euros), the restoration of the railway (10ML/euros), the arrangement of wharfs and the waterway in MAr Picco-lo’s circuit (15ML/euros), which in total are 27 million euros. The following bar chart illustrates the division of the fundings re-spect to the single expected results.

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Musealization of the Navy’s estates









Financial allocation for the less developed regions, indicating expected result/ ML€


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The SIXTH THEMATIC AXIS of FESR - 2014/2020 planning, or ENVIRONMENT TUTELAGE AND PROMOTION OF EFFICIENT USAGE OF THE RESOURCES, consists of the organization of the water resources and waste, other than the tutelage of biodiversity, from the green infrastructures, of the ecosystem services and the Rete Natura 2000.

The proposed aims will be achieved by: investing in the waste disposal sector and in the water sector to respond to the obbligations imposed by the Union’s norm regarding the environment; preserving, protecting promoting and developing the natural and cultural heritage; protecting and restoring the biodiversity and the land, and promoting the services for ecosystems; sustaining the industrial transition towards an efficient economy in terms of resources, promoting the green growth, the eco-innovation and the management of environmental performances both in the public and private sector. Hence the action aimed to the creation of Parco Orientale, of 5ML/euros, together with a rate related to the rearrangement of the wharfs and the waterway in Mar Piccolo’s circuit and the implementation of renewable energy and actions of bio-construction, as shown by the pie chart, can be absorbed by the allocated funding by the European Community in the mentioned axis, in total 2327 million euros for less developed Regions. The following bar chart shows the division of the fundings respect to the single expected results.

European Planning 2014-20: VI thematic objective

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Musealizaion of the Navy’s estates









Financial allocation for less developed regions, indicating expected result/ ML€


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European Planning 2014-20: VII thematic objective

KEY



Musealizaion of the Navy’s estates








Financial allocation for less developed regions, indicating expected result/ ML€


The SEVENTH THEMATIC AXIS od FESR - 2014/2020 planning, was located in the Agreement of Program for Italy with the PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND ELIMINATION OF BOTTLENECKS IN THE MAIN NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES.

The improvement of mobility conditions of people and things will be guaranteed: developing and improving sustainable transport systems from the environmental point of view (even with low noise) and low carbon emission, including the internal navigable ways and sea transport, harbours, multimodal connections and airport infrastructures, in order to favour the sustainable regional and local mobility; developing and restoring the global railway transport systems, of high quality and interoperational, and promoting measures of noise pollution; promoting the energy efficience and the safety in the provision through the development of intelligent energy distribution, storage and transmission systems and through the integration of the generation provided by renewable sources.

For the transport system 1941 million euros have been allocated in total for the less developed Regions, therefore they include the estimated works for the restoration of the railway, the arrangement of the HUBS, or intermodal knots, for the accessability and the parking areas and for the arrangement of the wharfs and the waterway in Mar Piccolo’s circuit. The following bar chart illustrates the division of the fundings respect to the single expected results.


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The temporal articulation of the activities is achieved both on intermediate scale, in relation to the close environment of Villa Peripato, with its actions in detail, and on the vaste area scale, which instead includes all the actions and the materials in the strategic view within the reexamination of the infrastructural, cultural and environmental scaffold, looking at the entire urban reality and part of the vaste territory.

In some way Gantt’s diagram, which describes the articulation of activities, mirrors a similar reasoning, even if transposed on the temporal axis rather than in spacial dimensions.

In fact some actions may, and hopefully must, start immediately. Evidently they are those referring to the communal authority, which in this case is seena as the only actor in the actions management. Among the latter the restoration of Villa Peripato and its surroundings is included. These actions can be resolved in a short period perspective.

In a short period perspective, but with an initial inactivity compared to the former, also those regarding the actions in the military areas close to the villa are to be considered. The inactivity will be much shorter as how fast the negotiations necessary for the release of the areas and the estates by Mar Piccolo in correspondence of Villa Peripato will be by the Navy.

The time frame related to the European planning, in particular referring to the FESR seems to be the most appropriate for this time division. In reality, the entire strategy involves actions which may have a stage of general setting, and the start of actions which will necessarily procrastinate in time.

This part essentially regard all the heaviest infrastructural actions, involving the HUB creation, the intermodality and the accessability, and the connections to restore.For them the foundations are laid in the 7 years, waiting to observe the expected effects in the following periods of time.

Some actions, as those of the knots and the connections, could be started in parallel for each knot, then designing the connections. This will depend much on the ability to manage several fundings at the same time. Alternatively to such actions, in sequence, will be performed in longer times, with the urban and territorial layout varying in time.

Finally, some complementary actions should be extended beyond the 7 years, scattered in time and moreover modulated with a careful management of the feedbacks. Among them the support to businesses and their birth and consolidation, or the incentive to forms of better edificaiton, more energetically sustainable, both with materials and technology.

These “strategic” actions are aimed to let the collectivity regain a common good and a fruition place as Villa Peripato together with the surroundings. However, they aim to redesign the context attributing an identity and a meaning which connects innovation and tradition.

In fact, the objectives on small scale can change in an incisive way the image of the Hamlet, addressing both Taranto’s citizenship and a user base which goes beyond the administrative boundaries and involves the turism receptive sector, currently welcomed in the Hamlet area.

Furthermore, the strategic planning regards, other than FAS axes, also actions that can be financed for the policy of support for Disability, or for the fight against juvenile delinquency or scholastic mortality.

Activity planning

Gantt’s diagram

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LANDSCAPE SYSTEM OF VILLA PERIPATO

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RESULTS:

The methods adopted for the analysis of the landscape system of Villa Peripato were directed to the inclusion of the garden in the wider system (urban and territorial) to which it relates in order not to intend it as an isolated artifact but to read its features within the historical-areal context in which it was designed.

The research initially aimed to design the green belt of Mar Piccolo basin, to highlight the deep bond existing between value and punctual fruition of the public garden with the territorial system it refers to. It intended the territorial context as a complex organism of which the green system (in the several aspects of formal garden, boulevards and tree-lined squares, public areas, peri-urban green, agricultural green or with a naturalistic vocation) should represent the pattern or the “fabric” of the project fields of operation. On a lower scale, the research project was aimed to the definition of Villa Peripato’s garden as the knot of a region identified as homogeneous, the epicentre of a complex urban and territorial system (communal, provincial and regional) which has required a differentiated analysis in its several architectonic and territorial aspects. The aim of the retrieval project was, finally, to retrieve the stratification of the various layouts which in the course of time have conformed the current structure of the garden. By returning them a new light, Taranto’s case becomes an example of methodological value for the retrieval of other communal villas in Puglia, included in a more general project of landscape restoration.

In order to achieve the formerly mentioned goals we operated individuating the various scales of investigation and project, which would allow to outline the principles on one hand and the methods for the restoration of the villa on the other. 1. First stage: view of the role of the villa in relation to the territorial context (Mar Piccolo and Taranto plain). In this stage the various vocations of the waterfront on Mar Piccolo have been detected along with the relations of the villa both with the urban and agricultural patterns and with the centres of Murgia overlooking the basin. The scale lowering, even though still on a territorial scale, has lead to the green belt project that regroups the coastline. On this project scale, the “architectonic artifact” of the villa has been considered as the knot of the green and the traffic systems of the project, which connect the rural and historical architectonic resources of the urban territory to be requalified. The “shape” of the green belt (in various formal aspects, productive or natural) coincides with the surface or episodic hydrographic structure (course and mouth of Galeso river, saltworks, ravines) of the communal territory. 2. Second stage: view of Villa Peripato with respect to the urban context. In this stage of analysis the role played by Villa Peripato in relation to the urban pattern layout has been recognized: knot in reference to the urban development routes and the green areas, pole for the urban pattern system - Mar Piccolo. 3.Third stage: diacronic view of the formation and transformation phases of Villa Peripato. In this stage, aimed to the analysis of the Villa organism, the different structural phases have been determined up to the current layout. The different “shapes” and “ideas” which have defined the development of the villa through time and the “permanent” and “characterizing” structures of the garden project have been identified:- the citrus grove - the palm boulevard- the formal garden- the routes overlooking Mar Piccolo

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4. Fourth stage: project orientation. Those elements recognized as “featuring” in the analysis stage have been valued in the project on the garden scale, focused on the safeguard and valuation of the green structures permanent in the various stages of formation and organization of the villa.

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Villa PeripatoVilla Peripato

The figure represents the different characteristics of the waterfront on Mar Piccolo in its different vocations.1. Urban waterfront.The urban waterfront, even in its different features and relationships, defines the area of the buildings over Mar Piccolo. It has a direct and indirect relationship with the basin, due to an overlook which in many urban areas is mediated by the presence of base structures or fences of military areas.2. Peri-urban waterfront.The peri-urban waterfront represents the area of mediation between the city and the countryside; it is mainly composed of the Shipyards (some of which disused) and coastal areas pertinent to the Navy which completely prevent the fruition of the sea to the city.3. Waterfront with naturalistic vocation.The waterfront with naturalistic vocation, representing most of the territory around Mar Piccolo, also overlooks the basin with different aspects:-productive areas- untamed areas- humid areas (swamp oasis La Vela)These increase the wealth and the complexity of the green system which, as a whole, forms the golf system.

MAR PICCOLO WATERFRONT

Naturalistic vocation

Peri-urban waterfront

Urban waterfront

Mar Piccolo’s landscape features

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LANDSCAPE SYSTEM Mar Piccolo’s landscape features

View of the urban waterfront of the old town and Vasto descent

View of the urban waterfront of Tamburi quarter towards Paolo VI

View of Ponte Punta Penna with the background of the green netural area of Mar Piccolo’s Second Cove

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AREE VERDI COSTIERE ESISTENTI

INDIVIDUAZIONE DELLE RISORSE RURALI E STORICO-ARCHITETTONICHE

CINTURA VERDE DI PROGETTO DI RIAMMAGLIAMENTO COSTIERO

VIABILITA’ DI PROGETTO

GREEN PROJECT AREAS

With naturalistic value

With productive vocation

Peri-urban and filter

Peripato Gardens

Urban waterfront

PROJECT VIABILITY

Main on territorial scale

Mar Piccolo belt

Transversal connections

Main rejoining routes

Secondary rejoining routes

The table represents the project of the landscape system of Mar piccolo area, after the first investigation on the territory which delimitates the two bights and the bordering areas. The landscape project has resulted from analysis which have investigated the main systems composing its consistency.In particular, the main systems which emerged as structural are composed of:-the green areas overlooking it, intended both as agricultural areas and woodlands with naturalistic value- the presence of a number of sites of architectural, rural or archeological interest-the routes, with their different hierarchic role in relation to the city and the territory. The project aimed to regroup the various systems composing the landscape complexity around the basin, which today appear irregular and disconnected from one another.The green “belt” system was intended as the pattern which, in its various formal, productive or natural aspects, coincides with the surface or episodic hydrographic structure (course and mouth of the Galeso river, saltworks, ravines) of the communal territory and “regroups” the various resources to be requalified.

Mar Piccolo’s landscape project

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COASTAL GREEN AREAS

Woods

Scrubland

Peripato Gardens The table represents the environmental coastal resources: the first of the investigated systems for the definition of the landscape project was that represented by the environmental coastal resources.Omitting the exclusively urban green areas and those which, according to the CTR cartography directions, prove to be agricultural green, it has been otherwise observed and considered the classification of all the coastal areas indicated as resources with a naturalistic prevalent character, which included: shrubs and bushes, woodland and scrubs.Such resources, even being close to the coast in a cospicuous number, appear irregular and completely disconnected.The riqualification project of these isolated attractions, involves the rejoining, which aims to strengthen the wider and homogeneous system containing them.

The environmental resources: the green coastal areas

Shrubs, bushes

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LANDSCAPE SYSTEMAREE VERDI COSTIERE ESISTENTI




Peripato GardensThe figure represents the resources with historical, architectural and archeological value situated around Mar Piccolo basin.Some attractions have been individuated on the figure, namely rural buildings and masserie, which prevalently feature the inner bight of Mar Piccolo, the one with strong naturalistic value.The more urban and peri-urban areas instead, proved to be mainly affected by the presence of a number of extensive archeological areas.Many of these resources have already been recognized for their strong landscape or historical value, and have been valued as tourist and investment attractions.The weakness of this system, once again, was identified in the valuation of these resources as punctual elements of attraction, therefore disconnected, in some cases, scarcely usable, being excluded from a system of organized routes of areal rejoining and valuation.

Individuation of the rural and historical-architectonic resources

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PROJECT VIABILITY

Main on territorial scale

Mar Piccolo belt

Transversal connections

Main rejoining routes

Secondary rejoining routes

Peripato GardensThis figure represents the project viability system around Mar Piccolo basin which integrates some flaws emerged during the investigation of the current state.The individuation of such system, put in relation with the previously located and analyzed systems, highlighted the lack of proper connections between them, and in particular the lack of a connection at the junction on intermediate scale between the extra-urban territorial scale and the essentially urban one. Such data proved to be utmost for the retrieval project of the mobility here represented, because it provided the necessary clues for the attribution of the various hierarchical roles during the redesign of the system. Therefore the project, by relying on the existing mobility system on extra-urban territorial scale, included a functional reuse of the disused railway line in order to allow the inclusion of transversal connections and a better usage of Circummarpiccolo’s belt. A range of secondary low-speed routes have been linked to these transversal rejoining belts (which could, for instance, work as thematic itineraries) allowing the contact and the direct use of all the naturalistic and historical architectonic existing resources, previously highlighted.

The viability system within the project

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Prospective axis from the villa on Via Roma

Prospective axis from the villa on Via De Cesare

Prospective axis from the villa on Via Acclavio

Prospective axis from the villa on Via Mignogna

Peripato Gardens. Relation with the urban pattern

The images here displayed show the perspective boulevard in correspondence of the villa accesses. The view of the entrance on Via Roma shows the direct viewing relationship that the villa has with the old town and the cathedral. The axis of Via De Cesare, as well as the access on Via Acclavio, show instead the presence of a secondary access, not underlined by the presence of further green structures. Finally the perspective axis on Via Mignogna clearly shows the presence of the system of tree-lined ways which reconnects the Villa to Via Berardi’s axis which, crossing Piazza Maria Immacolata and Piazza Ebalia, reaches the Lungomare.

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/- 1860: THE PINE GROVE1860-1880: TWO PRODUCTIVE GARDENS

Peripato Gardens: evolutionary process and historical stages

The intervention strategies involved another analysis on the villa’s scale.The interpretation was performed redesigning, from the cartographies and the former studies, the various stages attempting to reconstruct the garden shapes and ideas which have defined the current layout through time, intended just as the result of a sequence of moments which have introduced some “structural” elements. This drawing represents the layout of the villa around 1860, when, especially in the area closest to the sea, it appeared like a pine grove: in fact the Pino d’Aleppo proves to be the most dated and spontaneous plant (together with the lentisco, viburnum and filirea bushes)Around 1880, the area on which the villa stands is defined as “two productive gardens,“ identifying this way the two properties composing it: Proprietà Lo Jucco (front area towards via Pitagora) and Proprietà Notaristefani (rear area towards the sea) provided with “..two extremely vague casine; orchards of odorous plants and exotic fruit trees..” (Schwaba, 2013)

From the entrance to the arena today there are still two d’Aleppo pines on the left, at the beginning of the boulevard that leads to the promenade by Mar Piccolo, probably survivors of the protection line of the ancient XVIII century orange grove located there.This stage of the garden provides first important clues about the role, since remote times, of “productive garden” after the action over the pre-existing pine grove.Furthermore, it yet evidently identifies the main axis of the villa, on which also are structured and lean the following additions, and the presence of belvedere rest areas overlooking the sea.

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1880-1912: VILLA DE BEAUMONT - BONELLI


This drawing refers to the area of the villa around 1863, when the pre-existing gardens became Villa De Beaumont.Especially from 1880 to 1890 there are a number of expropriations reported to redefine the boundaries of the villa.

Around 1895 the villa, already Villa Bonelli, is defined as “...a garden of communal fruit and citrus walled-up, with a large amount of arable lands attached to the garden with nine quarantali of long grapes..” (Chirico, 2001)

A survey, still in 1895, defined the area as “a vaste estate interested by large boulevards flanked by big and tall pine and acacia trees and by a beautiful bush of hand-cut viburnum,“ arbours are described “composed by a circle of trees planted close to one another so that the branches create a wall of circular vegetation.“ Also wells and tanks for irrigation were included and “two small mountains, belvedere, situated at the two ends of the villa on the side which overlooks the ancient Santa Lucia street, with paths climbing it in a spiral shape.“ (Cazzato, 2010)

Once again, the function of “productive garden” is very clearly identified. The area appears to be still existing on the transversal axis which previously defined the two properties. In this period the orange grove is still cared after and ridefined in its conformation and a formal Italian garden is added. (Schwaba, 2013)After the specialization of these two structures, a range of secondary routes is created to connect them to the main axis of the garden.

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1913-1925: THE PUBLIC GARDENS


These drawings refer to the villa from 1913 until the moment when the gardens were opened to the public.

In fact, at the beginning of the XX century the city council decides on the purchase of the villa to be used as public garden, and a report from 1909 indicates that “the villa, being moved under the city hall property will have to be partly rearranged in order to provide for the city’s needs. The arrangement though must not be of a great extent..“ (Cazzato, 2010)

Peripato Gardens, also equipped with a playing field “which a few cities have,“ surrounded by pines on four terraces overlooking Mar Piccolo. (Cazzato, 2010)

The communal villa mantains roughly the features of the pre-existing gardens and the redesigned areas follow the directions of forms and plants already existing in the Italian garden.

Moreover, the realization of public gardens implies a rearrangement of “several tracts adjacent to the villa” including the construction of a sustaining wall for the embankment and the main entrance on Via Roma, and the resetting of the small square in front of the same street.

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1915-1925: CONSOLIDATION OF THE FORMAL GARDEN

The drawing here displayed refers to the historical stage of consolidation of the formal garden.

In the 20s the gardens undergo their brightest era and, after the great visibility, the planting of new trees such as d’Aleppo pines, oleander, eucaliptus, acacia, thorns, black locust e viburnum. (Cazzato, 2010)

The closure of one of the two belvedere roundabouts enhances the transversal axis which leads to the orange grove.

The area in the north of the skating area is the one mainly affected by a new requalification, based on the prototype of the Italian garden already present, mainly by means of regolarized bushes and pittosporum.Between Viale delle Palme and the balustrade on the belvedere the historical Italian Garden area is still readable, upon which afterwards also the area in the north of the circular area was rearranged. In these stages a series of secondary routes is defined which stand on the main route.


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1925-1945: PALMS BOULEVARD AND POOL


The drawing here reported refers to the stage in which are specialised, according to some of the indications still existing, the previous routes that compose the villa. The specialization of such routes occurs with the support of some modifications connected to new functionalizations of the villa, and the introduction of new plant species.

In particular, in 1933 the historical orange grove is eradicated, being defined “terminally ill” and in its place, in 1935, an open cinema-theatre is built, placed at the head of the belvedere roundabout axis. (Acuaviva, Crisanti, De Palma)

In 1937, the construction of the Circolo Ufficiali of the Navy caused the monumental back movement of the access stairs to via Roma and the demolition of a part. Also there was the disappearance of the pergolas on the western side of the villa which ended on a terrace overlooking Mar Piccolo, from which one could enjoy the panorama.

The structure of the villa is once again significantly modified by the Americans in 1944-1945, with the addition of an inadequate reinforced concrete pool, alligned with the great circular area. Such operation, apart from causing the eradication of a number of acacia, pine and cipress trees which were pre-existing in the area, and the rearrangement of the plants of the area surrounding the pool, moves the attention towards the axis connecting the two new poles. The axis connecting the pool to the circular area is enhanched and scenographically valued by means of new plants and takes the name of “Viale delle Palme,” and acquires greater importance.

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LANDSCAPE SYSTEM Peripato Gardens: evolutionary process and historical stages

1945-2014: SKATING RINK AND CURRENT VILLA PERIPATO

In the postwar years, the main innovations regard the addition of a range of new plants, among which mainly magnolias, poplars, horse-chestnuts and pittosporum and myoporum bushes.

The main axes on which the garden keeps being structured are those which were previously consolidated (the transversal ones defined as Viale delle Palme and Viale delle Acacie).

In 1954, afer the great visibility acquired by the villa, a large skating rink is built in the pre-existing circular area.

In 1969 the new courtyard is built and, around the 60s, the main route, called “Viale delle Acacie”, connecting the two entrances on the longitudinal sides (on Via Roma and Via Mignogna), regains importance and value.At the end of the last century there was also the addition of black locust, false pepper, washingtonias, araucarias and palms. Around the pool age, due to the boulevard presence, the final result is some sort of palm grove; instead, on via Roma’s side, in the villa there are mainly d’Aleppo Pines, cipresses, holm oaks, Giuda’s trees and oleander, viburnum and butcherbroom bushes.

Since the beginning of 1970 the villa has been disused. This has caused a progressive decline, which has also involved the internal structures.

As a result, further modifications have involved the side of the villa under the main structural axis (viale delle Acacie), towards Via Pitagora.The open theatre is dismantled and, in that occasion, the first acrcheological remains are found. As a consequence more diggings were performed which revealed a mosaic and evidence of Roman domus. Against these findings, the area has been partially emptied and partly used as an open cinema arena with facilities. The adjacent area has been restored with a facility area and a playground for children.

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LANDSCAPE SYSTEM Peripato Gardens: the existing systems and structures

The holm oaks line on Via Pitagora near the playground

The children playground

The water element in the facilities and playground area

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View of the skating rink area towards the belvedere with the closing plants

“Viale delle Palme”

The water animals pool

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View of the Italian garden

View of the Italian garden

The water element in the Italian garden

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The belvedere route with trees rows and rest areas with bushes

The belvedere route with plants in rows

The belvedere route. Details of the external plants occulting the view

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Viale delle Acacie

View of the dining area near the archeological area

The open theatre area

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The boulevard surrounding the former pool area

The former pool and the palm grove

Perspective of the villa towards Via Roma and the old town

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RAFFORZAMENTO ASSI

VALORIZZAZIONE BELVEDERE

DIRADAMENTO DELLA PRIMA FASCIA VERDE

RIPRISTINO RIPRISTINO DELL’AGRUMETO NEL LUOGO DELLA EX-PISCINA

RIPROGETTAZIONE DELL’AREA ATTREZZATA

SISTEMAZIONE DELL’AREA ARCHEOLOGICA

RAFFORZAMENTO ASSI






RAFFORZAMENTO ASSI






RAFFORZAMENTO ASSI






RAFFORZAMENTO ASSI






RAFFORZAMENTO ASSI






OPERATION GUIDELINES

axes reinforcement

Belvedere enhancement

Green thinning

Restoration of the citrus grove in the pool area

Redesign of the equipped area

Arrangement of the archeological area

Peripato Gardens: action guidelines

This figure represents in summary the operation guidelines as a result of the previous analysis, from which all the elements recognized as “characterizing” the garden have been drawn. Through the important relationship that the villa has with the urban pattern and the sea, its value on territorial scale has been enhanced, for the safeguard and the development of the green structures which have historically characterized it.To that end the operations are mainly aimed at the reinforcement and the development of the historical axes which connect it to the pattern and the re-addition of the structural elements of the Italian garden, by means of indigenous pre-existing species.In particular the guidelines of the project consist of:- thinning of the space in the military area adjacent to the villa in order to return the view on Mar Piccolo;- reopening of the villa towards the sea through the two historical overlooking roundabouts;- enhancement of the main historical axes;- replantation of indigenous species to restore the environmental equilibrium of the species (flora and fauna);- restoration of some peculiar historical elements of the garden, such as the orange grove and the formal Italian garden;- enhancement of the existing relationship between the villa and the urban green system (boulevards, gardens, lungomare) in which it is included;- rearrangement of the archeological area (in relation to the presence of museal and artistic routes).

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This figure represents a possible scenario for the villa retrieval project, according to the highlighted guidelines.

Forecasting the enhancement of the relationship that Taranto has with the sea and what the villa-belvedere used to achieve with Mar Piccolo before the addition of the (external) plants in the military areas at sea level, one of the first supposed operations would be the progressive thinning of the most recent plants which currently obstruct the view towards the sea. This operation, supported by the refunctionalization of the overlooking rounda-bout, aligned with the skating rink (and possibly also one of the old routes descending towards the sea), would reinforce the role of the villa within the hamlet’s system of boulevards, connectiong the lungomare along Mar Piccolo to the green promenade along Mar Grande, (crossing via Mignogna, Piazza Maria Immacolata, via Berardi and Piazza Ebalia), and rebalancing the importance of the two urban axes Viale Virgilio and Via Pitagora and the two coastal sides.

The projects also involves the re-enhancement of the two transversal axes which historically structured the garden: viale delle Palme and viale delle Acacie. The rearrangement of these two axes is hoped for through the theickening of the plants with historicized indigenous species.The re-enhancement of viale delle Palme moreover involves the addition of a new pole in the location of the former pool. Given the historical vocation of “productive garden”, the renovation of an orange grove is suggested in this area (currently derelict) in memory of the ancient orange grove (a continuation of the orange plants characterizing the tree-lined roads of the hamlet).The enhancement of viale delle Acacie, instead, would be further higlighted through the restoration and improvement of the archeological area near via Pitagora and the riqualification of the service area and playground. Also the redesign of the service area and the playground might occur through the revival of some historical forms of the villa, such as those of the formal Italian garden. However, the project does not involve the eradication of historiacal indi-genous species in good state of conservation and considers, instead, the plantation of further trees, when necessary, according to the directions that the interpretation of the garden itself provides.

Peripato Gardens: action guidelines

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Prof. Arch. G. Martines Arch. S. Sansevrino

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STUDY:

AIMS:

The concept of tutelage, already with Gustavo Giovannoni’s action and the first Restoration experiences of ancient monuments in their historical, urban and landscape context, is extended to the consideration of the surrounding environment. With the introduction of the concept of “archeological park” originated by the actions of Muñoz and Corrado Ricci in the roman Central Archeological Area and moreover in the rearrangement of more important archologial parks until today, the importance of the green preservation has been found, first as context, but then more and more as landscape and cultural resource, proper and indipendent. In fact the respect of historicized green areas, considered as monuments at the same level of buildings becomes, since the postwar years, a consolidated theme in the Italian and intrnational discipline of restoration. In particular, in 1981-‘82 in occasion of a convention by ICOMOS in Florence a specific “Carta dei Giardini Storici” is edited in which the criteria for the restoration of those “works” are established.The base principle the “Carta” refers to is recognising the antropic component and the artistic talent which underlies the composition of a garden, although its matter is composed of vegetable essences and so mutable and “alive” by nature. The culture of Italian restoration since the 60s and 70s was based on a strict observation of “Brandi theory” connected to the crystalization of the artwork in order to guarantee a more prolonged conservation. In this spirit it was necessary to establish a set of rules defining the various ways to approach a “material” which composes the artwork to be preserved that, instead, has to keep its mutability through time because it is “alive”.In fact in the articles 1 and 2, the Carta di Firenze defines that “An historical garden is a vegetable architectonic composition and, from a historical or artistic point of view, shows public interest. As such it is considered as a monument” and that “The historical garden is an architectonic composition whose material is mainly vegetable, hence living and as such corruptible and renewable. Its aspect results therefore from a perpetual equilibrium, in the ciclical change of seasons, between the development and the deteriroration of nature and the will of art and skill which tends to preserve its state forever”. “As a monument the historical garden must be safeguarded […]. However, being a living monument, its safeguard requires some specific rules […]”The “Carta” also defines (art. 4) that “Are relevant to the architectonic composition of the historical garden:its map and the different profiles of the terreno;its vegetable masses: their essences, their volumes, their color play, their spicies, their respective hights;its constructed or decorative elements;moving or stagnant waters, reflection of the “sky” which in the specific case are definetely important externally to the perimeter of the villa, in the panoramic scenario, and in the perspective relationship with Mar Piccolo from the terrace’s belvedere overlooking towards the North. However water is not considered a physical element characterizing the garden.

In this view, the goal for the restoration of villa Peripato, aims to the safeguard of the testimonial value of the garden, its culture and the historical period which generated it.This way the signs that the physiological evolution of the site usage has caused, both in their configuration, and in their typologies, technologies and morphologies which historically have characterized the villa are to be fully respected. The flooring for the walking areas will be reported, as far as possible to the historical conditions with draining systems in order to guarantee the maximum transpiration of the soil and minimize the impact of the conservative and refunctionalization actions of the site, also in accordance with Art. 18 of the same “Carta” which recommends the maximum care to the preservation of the good and its features even if the reutilization requires the accessability, as in this case. Specifically, given the size and the location of the garden, it is not necessary,

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as indicated in the same article, of an access limitation, on the contrary it is believed that this green lung might work as an attractor and an element of approach for the citizenship and in particular of this urban sector, to the collective history, which this site represents for Taranto. The specialistic areas of the garden, as modified through time will have to mantain and strengthen their relationship with the development process of the villa. Therefore the suggested philosophy is to eliminate those parts which have been disused and are, other than an element of formal and historical dispersion, also an element of physical decline of the site. On the other hand the intention is to reinforce the functions of the specialistic areas (even if not afferent to a historical configuration of the compound) which may grant a compatibility of fruition with the new integrated pathways of what is to become a centre of physical, cultural and identity sorting for the XIX century centre of Taranto.This approach, for instance, led to the elimination of the pool, today in isolation and declined conditions compared to the rest of the villa and the restoration of the ancient orange grove in its place, which was eradicated in the ’40s. Being impossible to rebuild it in its original position, this naturalistic element with a strong local historicistic value is revived in this scenario, which still preserves a full landscape compatibility with the naturalistic and urban context.The large paved area of the roundabout will be requalified by safeguarding the fruibility for skating and in case for summer events, as the great open theatre, for which it is hoped a possible integration with a display and a “tale” through suitable guided tours of the archeological remains in the area.Being vegetable matter the main material, the garden will be mantained in its “normal state” only with green maintenance operations and some actions for the reintegration of the original essences:- prune abd re-education of the “own” present essences in healthiness;- disinfestation from the parasites; - removal of infesting weeds; - integration of the missing (or dead) essences, on equal essences, after the removal of the survived stumps of the original dead essences; - reimplantation of vegetable elements already formed (developed), also on equal essences. This last action will be restricted to those cases of effective impossibility of the former plant retieval or in cases of particularly aggressive and contagious parasite infestation for the nearby plants.

The action program proposed tends to integrate the historical element of Villa Peripato’s gardens in the territorial and urban context, not only as green lung and turist park, but more strongly involved in the urban usage, in the life routes of the city, and integrated in its functions so to guarantee a continual attendance and an increasingly stronger identity relationship of the site collectivity. The analysis of the site, in its territorial context has highlighted the high potential of life core that villa Peripato could have and which are so much necessary for the City development. In this direction an identity and belonging reinforcement must be guaranteed in name of a common respect for the living space, also to guarantee its correct preservation and tutelage. Belonging to a specific place expresses the recognition in its history, feeling an integral part through an emotive relationship, recognizing the streets as own, the space,the immaterial data; means to identify oneself with people and in their way of speaking. All of these are the basis on which the collectivity establishes the respect for its own territory and so the usage bond in the tutelage of its quality.

RESULTS:

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1. Perspective map of the city of Taranto. XVI secolo. Anonymus.

2. Blueprint of the ancient city considered “acropolis” according to archeologist F. G. Lo Porto. Ancient Topography of Taranto, Napoli, 1970.

3. Hippodamus maps which hypothesizes the wall circuit and the stenopòi.

4. Taranto’s Mar Piccolo , by G.Pacelli, Atlante Salentino, 1807.

Taranto is a city between two seas connected to the land by the current stone bridge, an internal seas with the features of a coastal lake, and the other a wide gulf projecting it towards Est. Its structure, the old city which was not an island as it is now, but a peninsula, did not escape the desire of the ancient spartan settlers who implanted the foundation recognizing a place capable of being easily defended and, at the same time, including an extraordinary natural internal harbour.It is of extreme interest to deepen the relationships that the city and its constructions established with the nearby coastal region. Its geomorphological more qualifying uniqueness, constituted by Mar Piccolo; an internal sea which has its mouth in two effluents which define the boundaries of the old town, has always defined the greatest environmental, agri-food and landscape resource of the area.

Taranto’s historical evolution

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Map of Taranto’s harbour with indicaztone of the new fortifications Drawing by Giovanni

Blois. 1817.

During the Napoleonic age Taranto reacquired importance as a military naval base, thanks to Giuseppe Bonaparte and Gioacchino Murat, which equipped it with fortifications, barracks and an arsenal.At this stage corresponds the planning of the modern town which today constitutes the functional heart of the city and in which the urban and naturalistic resource of villa Peripato is located.



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1881 topographic map with indicazione of the archeological findings, made by eng. Tascone.

The polis located between Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo, takes, in its general structure, a triangular shape on whose vertex the acropoli was located, current old town, at the time united to the mainland at East, while on the West the Mar Piccolo emissary was already present.



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The numerous archeologic investigations allowed to identify imposing walls which defended the city on the eastern side, towards the hinterland and along which a number of accesses opened, some of which today are known as “porta Temenide” located towards masseria Collepazzo on Mar Piccolo and “porta Rinopila”, in the Murivetere area by Mar Grande, another access was surely at the head of the bridge which already at that time, it is hypotecizied, connected Punta Penna with the Pizzone. The archeological research allowed to detect the track of an Hippodameus implant with three main roads which crossed the urban centre, from west to east and connecting the acropolis with the external part. Such roads were respectively “Via Batteja”,“Via Plateja” and “Via Salutaris”. The one along Mar Piccolo coast, today Corso Umberto, used to be Via Batteja (deep), which connected to Via degli Argentieri (S. Lucia) along Mar Piccolo shore, coming up to porta Temenide, crossing areas characterized by commercial activities and connecting the internal harbour. This must have been the internal coastline, the operational area of the Greek-Roman town; centred in the harbour core; it contained a series of activities which qualified its economy and ranged from textile production to the lavoration of silver.

Map with indications and hypothesis of the ancient settlments by L. Viola and A. Conte. 1984.



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The presence of important urban structures is documented in the area since the VIII century B.C. In the V century B.C. new defensive walls were built and the monumental area was enlarged; doric temple on the Acropolis; in the current old town whose remains can still be seen in piazza Castello.According to Appiano in the III century B.C. a stone bridge already existed, located between scoglio del Tonno and the Acropolis. In 209 B.C. Taranto was invaded and the city walls were dismantled.In 535-553 A.D, with a Greek-Gothic war, the Bizantinian general Giovanni D’Otranto definetely cut the isthmus connecting the acropolis with the city. The Saracenes razed the city to the ground ending the old Greek-Roman Taranto. In 927 A.D The bizantinian emperor Niceforo Foca decided to rebuilt the city after the Saracenic invasion, with the realization of the filling on mar Piccolo and the enlargement of the Acropolis.

Tridimensional rappresentation of the historical evolution of Taranto city. VIII sec. a.C.- XII sec. d.C.

From Sardella Anna. M. Il torrione della bandiera. Rilievo e rappresentare di un frammento del patrimonio storico-ambientale del Castel Sant’Angelo di Taranto. Tesi di dottorato in rappresentazione dell’Architettura e dell’Ambiente, xx ciclo.



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Between 1463 and 1492 the Castle and the moat were built.With the Spanish domination, in honour of Charles V, a fountain was built which draws water from Triglio aqueduct, rebuilt in 927 A.D.Between 1804 and 1814, thanks to Bonaparte and Murat, Taranto was equipped with barracks and an arsenal. General Lacios had the fort on San Paolo island built.After a flood the bridge made by Niceforo Foca was destroyed and in 1883 the current canal was made navigable, crossed by the iron bridge.

Tridimensional rappresentation of the historical evolution of Taranto city. XIII century A.D.- XX century d.C.

From Sardella Anna. M. Il torrione della bandiera. Rilievo e rappresentare di un frammento del patrimonio storico-ambientale del Castel Sant’Angelo di Taranto. Tesi di dottorato in rappresentazione dell’Architettura e dell’Ambiente, xx ciclo.



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In the blueprint the XIX century hamlet, characterized by regular tangles in the northern part bordering Mar Piccolo, the toponym “Peripato” is evident.

Blueprint of Taranto’s hamlet, as it appears in the General City Plan of 1911.



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Villa Peripato between the ages 1860-1880 was divided in two parts; the front belonged to the lords Lo Jucco, the rear one owned by Notaristefani. There were gardens with exotic fruit trees.Afterwards Taranto hamlet started to rapidly expand according to Napoleonic plans. At this stage the first expropriations were performed, aimed to the realization of road and infrastructural works. In this proces some adjacent lands to “Peripato” were acquired by the City Hall.

Blueprint of the Villa, property of Bonelli, 1895.

Cosma Chirico “Sulla via che mena al Pizzone...l’antica strada di Santa Lucia a Taranto (XVIII-XX secolo)”, Taranto, Scorpione Editore,2001.

Historical image of villa Peripato


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Blueprint of the Villa, property of Bonelli, 1895.

Cosma Chirico “Sulla via che mena al Pizzone...l’antica strada di Santa Lucia a Taranto (XVIII-XX secolo)”, Taranto, Scorpione Editore,2001.

The construction of the frowing hamlet involved, among the others, also Bonelli property which was closed by the adjacent buildings.As a consequence the owners were forced to relocate the two entrances to the villa: the one near the building in front of via C. Giovinazzi and the main entrance in front of via Acclavio.



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In the first two decades of 1900 villa Peripato was transformed into public garden.In the ‘40s the orange grove was eradicated, a characteristic of XVIII century gardens and the main monumental entrance, located in piazza Roma (now piazza Kennedy) was demolished.

1. Monumental entrance in Piazza Kennedy in 1925 photo.

2. Entrance to the villa from the internal part in a 1925 photo.

3.South- East fencing and Sant’Antonio convent in a 1934 photo.

4.Main boulevard inside the villa in a 1948 photo.

Historical images of villa Peripato


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In the images are visible the tranformations that villa Peripato has undergone through time. In the ‘40s the Angloamericans installed a reinforced concrete pool in the villa, with the subsequent demolition of the existing trees. In addition, two existing kiosks were demolished with the construcion of a bar. The flowerbeds were filled with tiny horses, elephants, and rhinos aiule and the great circular square was arranged as skating rink.

Blueprint of the Villa. 1920.



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Blueprint of the villa. Current state.

In the figure it is reported the blueprint of the current state of villa Peripato, characterized by wide green specesi, boulevards and paved areas.The villa, although its strong historical-cultural importance, is experienceng a dramatic decline.

Current state of villa Peripato


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Current state: elements chart

Furniture elements have been detected, such as benches, fountains, flower boxes, statues and various kinds of fences in villa Peripato.

Furniture chart.

Elevated structures chart.


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The typologies of flooring in the villa have been detected as well as the lighting systems.

Ground setting elements chart.

Lighting chart.

Current state: elements chart


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The villa is characterized by a lighting developed essentially along the main boulevards, leaving the large green areas in the dark. The lamps, located on columns at the entrance in via Kennedy, are a historical testimony of the villa, which ages back to the beginning of the last century.

Current state of the villa. Blueprint detection and technical design of the lighting.

Current state: lighting


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In this figure are reported, on the blueprint, the elements characterizing the ground arrangements, such as edges and flooring. To each colour corresponds a kind of material on the map.

Current state of the villa. Detection, blueprint and technical design of the flooring.

Current state: floorings


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Designs of fences and gates from early 1900. 1. Transversal cross-section of the entrance staircase. Ufficio del Registro di Taranto, 1912.

2. Images of the entrance in via Kennedy from 1900 historical photos.

3. Iron fences and railings of the villa, perspective and particular, Ufficio del Registro di Taranto, 1912.

4. Extension project of via Pitagora. Perspective of the enclosure and gate, Ufficio del Registro di Taranto, 1912.

Historical images: staircases and fences


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The monumental entrance, demolished in 1937, and characterized by an external staircase, was replaced by an access whose gate was built at street level, while to reach the villa level a staircase with simmetrical flights was built.

Rilief of the entrance of Via Kennedy and the internal staircase to access the villa level.

Fence and staircase rilief in via Kennedy


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The entrances in via Pitagora and via Mignona mantain their original fea-tures.

Rilief of the entrances in via Pitagora nd via Mignona.

Fences rilief


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The detected fences mantain the original features of the artifact. In time, in some points some style substitutions have been made.

1.Rilief of the main fences inside and outside the villa.

2. Rilief of the staircases inside the villa.

Fences and staircases rilief


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The figure highlights the issues affecting villa Peripato area and indicates the the solutions.

Blueprint with the analysisi of the issues.

Actions for the retrieval plan


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The figure highlights the issues affecting villa Peripato area and indicates the the solutions.

Blueprint with the issues analysis.

Actions for the retrieval plan

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STRATEGY FOR TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL REQUALIFICATION

edited byProf. Eng. C. Chiarantoni

Eng. E. Sibilio

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STUDY:

AIMS:

RESULTS:

The position of Villa Peripato results strategic: “wedged”, almost as a tampon space, between an open place, Mar Piccolo, and a dense urban pattern. For this reason the study is mainly focused on the techniques for solar radiation and air movement control, without neglecting the retrieval and the recycle of rain water and the intelligent active systems for nocturnal lighting. These two factors constitute, in fact, an important condition for the enhancement of energetic efficience and for increased water autonomy, a condition sensed especially in realities with Mediterranean climate.

The re-design of an open space, and in particular of a villa with historical importance, involves relevant issues, mainly connected to finding an agreement between the maintenance of its own historical features and the more contemporary needs, which could be summarized whit sustainable choices directed towards water and energetic saving. The main goal, therefore, is the creation of possible project choices, which respecting the historical importance, may provide methods of approach to the various problems.

In order to achieve the prefixed objectives, a chart of choices has been created which, dealing with different issues, would allow to delineate a clear method of approach to the re-functionalization of the villa.In particular, the choices which regarded the sustainable management of rain water were aimed to suggest four main methods of action which range from the reduction of surface outflow, to the treatment before storage for water aims of the first rain waters (the most polluted), up to real draining systems which allow the storage of cleansed rain water in a system (see the dedicated sheet) which allows to eliminate the necessity of huge tanks (for which sometimes it is difficult to find room), in favour of tanks which could be defined of a widespred kind.The choices regarding the flooring systems are more delicate because connected to the particular historical relevance of the area of action. Assuming that the only possible actions are mainly connected to the re-flooring of specific areas or to the replacement with floorings of streets and/or previously asphalted surfaces (see for instance the areas related to pavements and the perimetral streets of the villa), the choices have mainly fallen into two large groups: the permeable and the innovative floorings. If the former are widely applicable and allow the reduction of the so called heat-island, the latter represent the real challenge for open space. The proposed choices were aimed, so, to underline three fundamental aspects: risible if not zero maintenance costs, due to self-cleaning, anti-mould and anti-bacterial properties of the flooring, through the use of light energy (see the dedicated sheet for the operation); energy production, through kinetic floorings and, finally, to electrical energy saving, through the usage of fotocatalyst transparent resins.All these systems can coadiuvate intelligent artificial lighting systems.

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BIOSWALE

FeaturesBiosWale is a sustainable management system of rain water used in urban context to increase the seepage in the ground and reduce surface outflow. It is a system with moderate pendence (ranging between 1 and 5% of the canal), which might be covered by vegetation, mulching or other vegetation; if characterized by adequate indigenous vegetation, it can become a riparian or an element for the restoration of humid areas in the natural landscape. Water can be channeled in the ground and so drained in deeper layers. The process is obtained by means of materials such as: gravel and organic soil mixture, geotextile, permeable layer of gravel with variable grain size. The usage of local vegetation, spontaneous does not involve excessive mantainance. In the urban context it is very useful for the reduction of the sediment load and other substances contained in the first rain waters, before they can reach the receptors; at the same time they also allow to destroy some elements as phosphorus or nitrate which could be consumed by the growing vegetation.

UsageTo intercept outflowing surface waters in areas with low permeability, such as streets, parking areas or roofs.

Operational scheme

Particular of streets in Portland - Oregon

Systems for sustainable management of rain water

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Systems for management of rain water

TREE BOX FILTER

FeaturesThe Tree Box filter is a green infrastructure for the measurement and control of rain waters, designed to gather the first wave of rain waters, hold them and treat them before they can be channeled to the sewers or in storage devices. The filtered waters can be used, for istance, for the irrigation of green areas in urban context. The functions are those of a compact bioretention system with low environmental impact (BMP).The structure is composed of a ready-made concrete buried box which contains a compound of soil to filter the rain waters. The mixture is made by around 80% of sand and 20% of compost, with an upper level of mulch or grid which protects it from occasional disturbing vegetation or external elements. The implanted vegetation is composed of indigenous vegetal species, such as shrubs, trees and flowers, which apart from increasing the landscape appearance, also enhance the quality of living in urban areas reducing the “heat-island” effect.The device is connected, through an overflow system, to the network of rain waters, which in case of exceptional rain events allows to bypass the system and prevent flooding along the streets.

UsageDense urban areas, residential and suburban areas. Indipendently from the size of the tree boxes, such system is designed to confine and treat the draining areas for small groups.

Operational scheme

Example of Tree Box

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Green street in Portland - OregonGREEN STREETS AND FITODEPURATION

FeaturesThe system is composed of gathering surfaces which allow the flow of rain waters in natural storages, depurated through the sedimentation or fitodepuration and then employed for public use as irrigation or services.The green streets can be constructed in humid environments artificially made or in waterproof basins with different flowing regimes of the waters adequately channeled. The street is characterized by vegetable species typical of the humid areas (hygrofile macrophytes) rooted to a growth substratum or floating on the water. They can be divided according to the employed vegetal species in:- systems with floating macrophytes;- system with rooted submerged macrophytes;- mixed systems.In relation to the hydraulic path of the reflux they are divided in:- system with horizontal submerged flow, in which the basins are filled with inert material, where the refluxes flow horizontally in continual saturation and the employed species belong to rooted emerging macrophytes.- systems with vertical submerged flow, also defined trays, filled with inert material in which the refluxes flow vertically in alternate saturation and the vegetal species belong to the rooted emerging macrophytes.- systems with free flow which reproduce, instead, a natural swamp area, where water is directly in contact with the atmosphere and generally not very deep. The vegetal species belong to hydrophytes and helophytes.

UsageTreatment of urban run-off waters and domestic refluxes.


Green street


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Geocycle funcional cross-section

WATER GATHERING AND MANAGEMENTSTIONE WITH DRENING (GEOCYCLE SYSTEM)

FeaturesThe management system of rain water through the creation of underground storage basins with DRENING PE HD chambers, is made of high-capacity dispersion and accumulation sectional elements.The product Drening (GEOcycle), allows a reduction of the city water consumption with the possibility to develop autonomous and self-sustainable irrigation systems, accumulating around 310 l/sm of water, which, once adequately filtered, stays within the potability parameters. The system is made in regenerated PEHD and so it is resistant to any chimical substance and micro-organisms. Drening can be also used simply as draining element, without altering the filtering capacity because the same waters can be immersed in the layer always depurated.

UsageCharacterized by high mechanical resistance, it can be employed for road, parking and green areas works.

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Geocycle functional scheme


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RAIN WATER CHANNELING AND GATHERING IN BURIED TANKS.

FeaturesRain water can be channeled and gathered in buried cisterns and tanks through pipes and catch basins. The gathered water must subsequently undergo de-oiling and de-sanding processes before the related use, or immission in the urban networks.

Surface channeling system

Hidden channeling system



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MEADOWSFeaturesThe surface is composed of an organic soil layer greened to meadow, on constipated soil. The green percentage is 100%.UsageSurfaces not requiring particolar assistance as playgrounds, pedestrian routes, occasional parking areas.

INHERBED DIRT PATCHESFeaturesThe surface is composed of an organic soil layer mixed with gravel without binders. The surface is sown before the constipation, obtaining a green percentage of about 80%. UsageParking areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, paths.

IHERBED GRIDS CLS/PLASTICFeatures The surface is composed of self-blocking grids made of concrete or plastic material with a filtering surface greater than 30% of the total. It is laid on dry work on adequate crushed stone; before compaction a grass carpet is laid down to fill in all the openings.UsageParking areas, access roads, courtyards.

Permeable Floorings

Inherbed systems

Inherbed dirt patches

Inherbed grid cls/plastic materials



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Permeable floorings

Porous/selfblocking blocks_Stone 2001

POROUS/SELF-BLOCKING BLOCKS_STONE 2001FeaturesBlock with a consumption surface made of natural stone attached to a lower support made of techno-polymerized CLS. The kind of natural stone finishing could vary according to the location specs: light-grey granite, diorite, dark or light-red granite.UsageRoads, squares, terraces, cycle and pedestrian lanes, access roads.

REGENERATED STONE CUBESFeaturesThe reconstructed/regenerated stone is a covering produced with a light concrete mixture, poured in moulds obtained from original natural stones thanks to a process which allows to reproduce single details.The colour is incorporated in the entire thickness of the material; for each pattern and colour are used: different concrete mixtures, natural light inserts and iron oxide pigments.The great number and variety of moulds allows to avoid duplications and recreate stones with an identical aspect to the original uniting the appeal of natural stone to convenience.UsageStreets, pedestrian boulevards, yards.

Regenerated stone cubes


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Innovative Floorings

Photoluminescent Travertine

Kinetic flooring

POROUS/SELF-BLOCKING BLOCKS_STONE 2001FeaturesThe flooring can be characterized by lines of travertine with photoluminescent properties. The surfaces, obtained through a simple dough of transparent PHOTOCATALYST resines, are able to catch light during the day, and release it during the night. The usage of such technology allows to save up to 90% of the traditional electric consumption.UsageRoads, squares, urban decor.

PAVIMENTAZIONE CINETICAFeaturesThe kinetic flooring can be included in flooring for green areas and/or playground, it allows to transform kinetic energy of movement in electric energy. This energy is accumulated in specific lithium batteries located inside the tile and can be directly used for the served areas lighting or at a later stage.The system is designed both for internal floorings (offices, stations, airports, schools) and external (pavements or squares) and does not involve any risk for pedestrians. The “energetic tiles” are produced in a number of colours and are perfectly eco-sustainable; sized up to 650x450x56mm, and are externally composed of rubber, obtained by recycled tires and alluminum.When stepped upon they inflect (around 5mm), producing energy for an equivalent of about 2,1 watt/hour per square metre of surface.UsageThey are used as normal external finishing, characterizing high passage areas such as children playgrounds, squares and arcades.


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PHOTOCATALYST FLOORINGFeaturesEco-sustainable flooring able to reduce atmospheric pollution thanks to a photoactive binder characterized by high photo catalysis capacities. The block for “active flooring” has self-cleaning, anti-mould and antibacterial properties; all the lighting energy to activate chimical reactions inducing the formation of higly oxidant reagents able to decompose toxic substances, both organic and inorganic, contained in the atmosphere.The products generated by the oxidation of the polluting agents are mostly salts already existing in nature as nitrates, solphates and carbonates, which are deactivated by the limestone matrix contained in the concrete and so become qualitatively irrelevant for the ecologic economy. Such remains could be removed and disposed of by the rain and the wind in a sustainable way allowing the constant restoration of the original photocatalyst activity.The photocatalysis allows moreover to reduce the negative effect of dirt created by dust, which exploiting organic molecules gets attached to the surfaces; the inibition of the latter facilitates their cleanliness and mantainance. The Titanium bioxide concrete, acts as a “photo-catalyst” of chemical reactions; therefore it does not exhaust its activity in time, on the contrary its potential is constantly restored by the dynamics of the reaction itself. UsageUrban surfaces flooring, and highly congested areas.

Photocatalyst flooring


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Multifunctional bituminous cold microcarpets

PHONIC-ABSORBENT ROADS FLOORING:COLD BITUMINOUS MICROCARPETSFeaturesThe bituminous Microcarpets cold made are materials which, with modest costs and reduced thickness, allow to operate on road floorings still structurally sound, and bring about improvements due to the removal of atmospheric emissions and vehicolar noise reduction. The latter important property is obtained with the high macro-roughness of the carpet surface, with a strong discontinuity of the grain size curve, from the elasticity and the replacement of level partly of sand compounds with small percentages of disused tires rubber grains as recycled material.The main advantages are therefore connected to:- high surface adherence- high driving comfort- thickness reduced in few cm- fewer atmospheric externalities connected to the cold laying- possibility of employement of the washable carpet in the landscape.UsageUrban, extra-urban roads.

BLOCKS FLOORING FeaturesSelf-blocking block flooring in which the stone is characterized by vibro-compressed concrete, while the consuption layer is composed of a mixture of concrete binders, quartz and inerts with variable grain size (1-3mm) so to make the block smooth on view. The inerts characteristics produce a reduction of the noise caused by rolling of the tires.The advantages connected to the usage are:- Noise reduction respect to simple asphalt and/or self-blocking surfaces;- Unconsciously induces drivers to slow down and stimulates attention;- It is more visible during the night or with scarce light;- Resistent to abrasion, slippage, frost and defrost.UsageUrban road surfaces.

Noise cancelling flooring with self-blocking blocks


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Sustainable lighting

High pressure sodium lamps

HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS (SAP)FeaturesCharacterized by an external tubolar or elliptical bulb and the emitted light has a white colour tending to yeallow (2.000 -2.500 K). It does not contain dangerous substances and it is characterized by an efficiency up to 150 lm/W, with an expected life of 20.000 hours. The colour rendering does not go beyond 65 and there is no blue emission, so comfortable on view.UsageUrban, extra-urban roads.

POWER LED LAMPSFeaturesAcronim of LIGHT EMITTING DIODE, a light-emitting component which emits monocromatic light when crossed by electric current.They are characterized by reduced size, high colour rendering (Ra 90) and colour temperature between 2.700 and 6.500 K, so the possibility to produce any light tone according to the needs; long service life (50.000 – 100.000 hours), absence of mobile parts subjected to breakage, absence of harmful substances.UsageArchitectonic lighting of boulevards, roads, squares, gardens.

Power Led lamps

Montechiarugolo - Italy Tibitabo Park - Spain

Venosa, Potenza - Italy Enotri Park - Spain

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ANTHOLOGY AND THEMATIC CASE STUDIES

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ANTHOLOGY AND THEMATIC CASE STUDIES

READING OF PUGLIA’S COMMUNAL VILLAS WITH WITH RESPECT TO THE URBAN CONTEXT

The necessary relation between the various scales of architecture has led to the analysis of Puglia’s communal villas features with with respect to the urban and territorial organism in which they are located, in order to highlight the settling principles which have been the foundations of their project.

The choice and mapping of the villas has been performed starting from the previously analyzed sites in the context of the CULTTOUR project and then enlarged according to the specific necessities of the project.

At this stage three specific categories of relationship between the villa and the urban and territorial morphology have been defined: - Square - villa - Belvedere - villa; Perspective Background - Belvedere - villa over the sea, in which Villa Peripato falls.

ANTHOLOGY AND THEMATIC CASE STUDIES VII-A

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The figure represents the different relationship that Puglia’s communal villas have with the urban and territorial structure in which they are located.

The relationship of necessity between the different scales of architecture, that has considered the villa not as an isolated element, but integrated in a larger system, has involved the analysis of the main Puglia’s communal villas with respect to the urban and territorial organism in which they are located, in order to highlight the settling principles at the foundations of their project.

The relationship they have with the remaining pattern and other existing green areas (of project or end) has been analysed. From this analysis three different conditions with respect to the urban pattern have been determined: -villas designed within the XIX century expansion, -villas designed as connecting elements between two different expansion stages,-villas designed on border condition relatively to the urban pattern structure.

After being located within the pattern, the villas have been included in the system of territorial morphology and other urban attractions.

Rejoining green areas

Communal Villas

Formal green structures: gardens, squares, boule-vards

Main urban poles

Tree-lined boulevards

Puglia’s communal villas. Morphology and urban relationship

ANTHOLOGY AND THEMATIC CASE STUDIESVII-A

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The villa designed within the XIX century expansion: the square-villa.In this category the villa is viewed as an urban square; in most cases included in the XIX century expansion and constitutes a knot (or a pole) located on the main route connecting the poles on urban scale (the station, the main square, the city hall, public gardens, old walls). In some cases (as in Foggia and in Lecce) the villa is not on the route connecting the main attractions, but by means of a green and tree-lined boulevards system it is reconnected into a single system.


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


Puglia’s communal villas. The villa-square


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The perspective background-villa of urban belvedere. The villas in this category, following the morphology of the territory, characterize mainly the centres of the hinterland and the Murge. The villa, although remaining an important urban attraction, is not necessarily included in a system of unitary green and very often is placed as a connecting element between two stages of expansion.

Puglia’s communal villas. The villa-urban perspective background


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


Puglia’s communal villas. The villa-square


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The villa as belvedere over the sea.The last category contains the villas as belvedere over the sea. As in the previous case, this condition is strongly due to the morphology of the territory. In many cases the villa represents a pole (with direct overlook on the sea) of the urban route connecting the station to the main architectonic attractions, through a system of tree-lined boulevards and public green areas.

Taranto’s Villa Peripato belongs to this last category.

Puglia’s communal villas. The villa-belvedere over the sea


Communal Villas


Main urban poles



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Puglia’s communal villas. The villa-square. GIOVINAZZO


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of the communal villa in Giovinazzo. The villa, built in the second half of XIX century in the location of a former “experimental agro field,” is designed as an urban square, and it is located on the route which connects the station to the main square of the town.It acts as a knot of the route and as a result it is included in the main system of urban green spaces as a connecting element.

Puglia’s communal villas. The villa-belvedere over the sea


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Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa CANOSA


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Canosa’s communal villa. The villa, designed as the ideal completion of the system of squares which starts from San Sabino Cathedral, has been rearranged since 1870 and it is the result of a series of expropriations and adjustments.The irregularly shaped villa is located in an area connecting two different stages of the town expansion. The strong relationship with the Cathedral, rather than the other urban poles and public green areas, causes it to be not visually or physically involved in a single system.


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Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa. FOGGIA


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Foggia’s communal villa. In this case the villa, since its origin in 1820, appears as the extension of a walking route, hence designed as a garden-street, exploiting two ancient roughly parallel cattle tracks. Further expansions annexed the villa to a series of urban gardens and nurseries.The structure is strongly axial, and it is established perpendicularly, by means of a connecting square with an arcade, near the route which, starting from the station, connects some of the main urban attractions. Since 1863 it has been equipped as tree-lined axis. The urban green articulation is unified through a complex system, which employes a series of tree-lined boulevards and knots on the rourtes.

Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa CANOSA


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Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa. LECCE


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Lecce’s communal villa.Lecce’s villa, designed around 1830, is located in the extra-walls area in front of Palazzo dell’Intendenza, on the junction between two axes. From Palazzo dell’Intendenza, through the villa, Cristina street starts; the other axis crossing the villa (regolarized between 1820 and 1825) is that of the Boulevards following the walls line. Designed, therefore, at the junction of two axes it is included in an articulated system of routes and tree-lined boulevards which reconnects the urban core to the station square and the nearby towns. The strong relationship that the villa establishes with the nearby bothanic garden is not just physical but also functional, as the two structures provide the trees which are then planted along the same connecting boulevards.


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Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa MARTINA FRANCA


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Martina Franca’s communal villa. Martina’s villa was built in 1872 on the site of the former Orto dei Riformati, during the town’s period of extra-wall expansion and has undergone a number of extensions and rearrangements for the acquisition of adjacent areas. After subsequent requalification actions, today the villa constitutes a green system which also includes Piazza XX Settembre (just outside the door) and Piazza Roma.

Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa. LECCE


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Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa. CORATO


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Corato’s communal villa. In Corato’s plan of 1868 the extramural has the function of connecting the three parts of the town in a single design: the old town, the occurred expansion and the future extension. The boulevard is flanked by public spaces and gardens occupying the areas which remained unbuilt, adjacent to the demolished walls. It is in one of these areas that the communal villa is located. Therefore the villa is clearly the connecting element between different expansion stages of the town and is included, through a series of boulevards, in a homogeneous system of urban spaces.


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Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa. BARI


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Bari’s communal villa. Bari’s villa represents the most peculiar case of square-villa included moreover as a knot on the main route (Via Sparano da Bari) which, within the XIX century chess stage (murattian hamlet), connects the pole of the station square to the old town.Further axes, underlined by the presence of boulevards (Corso Cavour, Corso Vittorio Emanuele and Via Cairoli) regroup a series of green areas and squares within a single system of public spaces. This system is connected to the rejoining green system located on the lungomare:- from Corso Vittorio Emanuele to reconnect the old town to the XIX century expansion pattern,- from Teatro Margherita’s knot, a series of equipped green areas built to determine the chess and the following expansion overlook on the lungomare.

Puglia’s communal villas. The square-villa. CORATO


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Puglia’s communal villas. The urban background-villa. CONVERSANO


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Conversano’s communal villa. Conversano’s villa is the result of the natural consequence of public employement of an area used as promenade for a long time. It is located on a rock spur callaed “Pole”, outside the walls, popular for its panoramic position, with wide views on the countryside and the sea. So the villa acts as a perspective background of urban belvedere. The arrangement process of the villa is included in a decorative operation of the communal area. It involved the demolition of the urban door and the flattening of the surface in front of it in order to place the villa, inserted as a connecting element between two different aereas of expansion. Since 1862, after a restoration project for green ares, which created a sort of belt around the houses, the urban green spaces and the main public works have been included in a single system which absorbs them.


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Puglia’s communal villas. The urban background-villa. LOCOROTONDO


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Locorotondo’s communal villa. Locorotondo’s villa, built in 1860 on the south-west end of the hill on which the city roses, is a belvedere-garden close to the ancient urban accesses. From it a range of routes full of bends depart and constitute an area called sottovilla.The projectual aim is clearly to build a priviledged overlooking terrace over Valle D’Itria which would act as a background to the XX century expansion axis (end of XIX century).

Puglia’s communal villas. The urban background-villa. CONVERSANO


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Puglia’s communal villas. The urban background-villa. MASSAFRA


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Massafra’s communal villa. Massafra’s villa is located at the boundaries of the urban pattern, in an exclusive condition of belvedere on the ravine.It constitutes the head of the axis located on the bridge across San Marco’s ravine, which is the main axis connecting the ancient centre to the new expansion.


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Puglia’s communal villas. The belvedere-villa BARLETTA


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Barletta’s communal villa.Barletta’s villa was built in the second half of XIX century in the location of the square in front of the Castle. The alignements to the urban pattern allow the connection between the station square and the old town, creating an axis on which several urban knots are placed (as the double romboidal square). This route ends though with a triangular square with plants in corrispondence of the medieval Largo del Mercato.Therefore the communal villa does not appear to be included in this system of green spaces, but it constitutes a system on its own, in relation with the castle and in a priviledged condition of belvedere towards the sea.

Puglia’s communal villas. The urban background-villa. MASSAFRA


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Puglia’s communal villas. The belvedere-villa. MOLFETTA


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Molfetta’s communal villa. Molfetta’s communal villa constitutes the terminal pole of the road axis designed after the Unification of Italy, which connects the railway station to the area of Largo Porticella. Such axis was designed as a straight tree-lined way of more than 600 metres, running on the east along the XVIII century expansion and on which the following expansion is inserted perpendicularly.


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Puglia’s communal villas. The belvedere-villa. TRANI


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Trani’s communal villa.Trani’s villa was built in 1824 and is located in a priviledged panoramic position, on an ancient bastion of the city walls which overlooks both the harbour and the sea. It is positioned as a pole at the end of the route which, crossing Piazza Plebiscito and the current Piazza della Repubblica, comes to the pole represented by the station square.This straight boulevard is the axis which unifies the system of public spaces with that of urban green.With respect to this route, the villa’s design further accentuates its role as a belvedere, with a rotation of the main internal axis, perspectively directed towards the Cathedral.

Puglia’s communal villas. The belvedere-villa. MOLFETTA


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Puglia’s communal villas. The belvedere-villa. TARANTO


Communal Villas


Main urban poles


The figure reports the case study of Taranto’s communal villa. Taranto’s communal villa was built in the location of a former private gar-den which, in turn, stood on an area of pine groves in a position of belve-dere over the sea.The villa is located in the city’s hamlet, on the border of the urban pattern and constitutes the element of the city which overlooks Mar Piccolo.After a redisign of the Hamlet’s area, the villa has been part of a wide and complex system of urban green. Through the axes Via Mignogna and Via Berardi axes, the villa is connected with the pole of lungomare Vittorio Emanuele III. A range of transversal green axes highlites the routes con-necting the urban attractions.


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Bibliography of reference

AA.VV. The IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems. The Gardens of Taranto - Analysis Tool Results & Management Recommendations

AA.VV. Giornata del Giardino: Conosciamo i Giardini del Peripato; 2a edizione, Garden Club Taranto, 2005.

Acquaviva G., V. Crisanti, De Palma V. I Giardini del Peripato. Industrie grafiche Brixio.

Cazzato V., A. Mantovano. Giardini di Puglia. Pesaggi storici fra natura e artificio fra utile e diletto. Mario Congedo Editore, 2010.

Chirico C., Sulla Via che Mena al Pizzone...l’antica strada di S.Lucia a Taranto (XVIII-XX sec.). Scorpione Editrice, 2001.

AA.VV. (Comune di Taranto, Direzione risanamento città vecchia e progetti speciali), Villa Peripato: Restauro conservativo di un giardino comunale e rifunzionalizzazione con allestimento di un teatro all’aperto (all’interno del progetto P.I.C. URBAN II; ASSE4 - MISURA 4.1), 2003.

Schwaba M., P. Jacobs. Local Survey - Fact Book TARANTO - VILLA PERIPATO, 2013.

Puglia’s communal villas. The belvedere-villa. TARANTO

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