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GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 38. 1—3, Sofia, Dec. 2009, p. 35—51.

Systematics and biostratigraphic notesof the upper Moscovian-upper Gzhelian fusulinid foraminifersfrom the Anatolian Platform in the Southern Turkey

Cengiz Okuyucu

General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06520 Balgat, Ankara, Turkey;E-mail: okuyucu@mta.gov.tr

(Submitted: 27.07.2009; accepted for publication 18.11.2009)

Abstract. The systematics and biostratigraphy of the upper Moscovian-upper Gzhelian fusulinidfauna of the Anatolian Platform have been investigated in three stratigraphic sections (OzbekTepe, Eskibey and Bademli) from the Eastern and Central Taurides. Forty fusulinid taxa belong-ing to sixteen genera and three subgenera are identified from the upper Moscovian-upper Gzhe-lian strata. Three species, Protriticites tokerae, Triticites guvenci and Triticites oezbekensis, arehere described as new. This fusulinid succession allows assignment of particular parts of thesections studied to the upper Moscovian-upper Gzhelian in the Anatolian Platform, thus servingas a basis for further definition of biostratigraphic zones. The fusulinid faunas of the AnatolianPlatform have close resemblance and are well correlative with the Upper Carboniferous (Middleand Upper Pennsylvanian) standard and reference sections of the Moscow Basin, Southern Urals,Donets Basin, Central Asia and Southern China.

Okuyucu, C. 2009. Systematics and biostratigraphic notes of the upper Moscovian-upperGzhelian fusulinid foraminifers from the Anatolian Platform in the Southern Turkey.Geologica Balcanica 38(1—3), 35—51.

Keywords: Biostratigraphy, fusulinid foraminifers, Carboniferous, Moscovian, Kasimovian,Gzhelian, Anatolian Platform, Turkey, Tethys.

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, many studies about Anatolia andadjacent areas indicated that there are various tec-tonic units having distinct stratigraphical and litho-logical properties. These tectonic units have beencalled “nappes” or “units” by different authors (Blu-menthal, 1944, 1951; Lefevre, 1967; Marcoux, 1976;Guvenc, 1965a, 1980; Ozgul, 1976, 1984).

Recent studies of Guvenc (1977, 1991), Guvencet al. (1991) and Demirel and Tekin (1993) deter-mined different Paleozoic and Triassic paleogeo-graphic units from north to south with particularstratigraphical and paleontological characteristics.These were called Euranatolia, Aegean-AnatolianZone, Anatolian Platform, Tauridia, Taurus Through

and Autochthonous Units of Taurus, and Gondwa-nan Platform (Fig. 1).

The Anatolian Platform (Guvenc, 1977) whichis a part of the Gondwanan Platform is mainlycomposed of carbonate-dominated deposits rang-ing in age from Devonian to Permian. The Car-boniferous-Permian boundary of the AnatolianPlatform is represented mainly by quartz sandstoneswith iron-oxide concretions and very shallow-ma-rine limestones of special facies known as GirvanellaLimestones (Calcaires à Girvanellas sensu Guvenc,1965a). Descriptions of the microfauna and mi-croflora of Carboniferous-Permian boundary sec-tion of the Anatolian Platform were presented byGuvenc (1965); Okuyucu and Guvenc (1997);Okuyucu (1999, 2008).

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The purpose of this study is to describe the Ana-tolian Platform Upper Carboniferous (Middle andUpper Pennsylvanian) interval and its fusulinid fau-na and to correlate them with other regions. For thispurpose three different sections have been selectedfor detailed fusulinid biostratigraphy and systemat-ics for the upper Moscovian to upper Gzhelian in-terval: the Ozbek Tepe section from Siyah AladagNappe in the Eastern Taurides, the Eskibey sectionfrom Aladag Unit in the Central Taurides and theBademli section from the Bademli-Cevizli Unit inthe Central Taurides. All sections have a diverse fu-sulinid fauna ranging in age from late Moscovian tolate Gzhelian.

GEOLOGICAL OUTLINEOF THE TAURIDES

The Taurides, one of the major paleogeographic unitsof the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt, extend par-allel to the Mediterranean Sea coast in South Anato-lia. According to Ozgul (1976, 1984), the Tauridescan be divided into three parts based on their geo-logical and morphological characteristics. The seg-ment from the Aegean coast to the Kirkkavak Faultis known as the “Western Taurides”. The “CentralTaurides” are located between the Kirkkavak Faultand the Ecemis Fault. The segment to the east of theEcemis Fault is called the “Eastern Taurides”. Basedon this subdivision, the Ozbek Tepe section is locat-ed in the Eastern Taurides, whereas the Eskibey andBademli sections are in the Central Taurides.

Studies on the Tauride Belt indicated that it con-sists of a number of allochthonous and autochthonous

sequences with distinct stratigraphical, structural andmetamorphic features (Blumenthal, 1944, 1951; Ozgul,1976, 1984; Brunn et al., 1971; Monod, 1977). Ozgul(1976) used the term “unit” for rock associations whichare characterized by different basin conditions basedon their stratigraphic position and character of meta-morphism in the Tauride Belt. According to Ozgul(1976), the Tauride Belt is composed of six main tec-tono-stratigraphic units: the Bolkardagi Unit, AladagUnit, Geyikdagi Unit, Alanya Unit, Bozkir Unit andAntalya Unit. The Aladag Unit is the equivalent ofthe Hadim Nappe (Blumenthal 1951), the Antalya andAlanya Units correspond to the Antalya Nappe andAlanya Massive, whereas the Bozkir and Bolkar Unitsare synonyms of the Beysehir-Hoyran Nappes of Brunnet al. (1971).

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHYAND SECTIONS STUDIED

Many stratigraphic studies were carried out in dif-ferent places on the Anatolian Platform and nu-merous formation names were used by previous re-searchers (Monod, 1977; Guvenc, 1980; Tekeli etal., 1984; Ulakoglu, 1983/1984; Lengeranli et al.,1986; Okuyucu and Guvenc, 1997; Okuyucu, 1999;Gurcay, 2000; Okuyucu, 2008). Guvenc (1980) di-vided the Carboniferous-Permian deposits into thefollowing groups and formations: the Visean-lateMoscovian Dikenli Group (Dikenlidere, Dikenlitepeand Demirkazik Formations), the Late Carbonifer-ous-Early Permian Dikmen Group (Gavuralani andDikmentepe Formations), the Early Permian Kara-pertarlar Formations and the Late Permian Hor-

Fig. 1. Tectonic subdivision of the Western and part of the Eastern Taurus (after Demirel and Tekin, 1993) and thelocation of the studied sections

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tubeleni Formation. This lithostratigraphic schemeis adopted here.

In this paper, the systematics and biostratigraphyon fusulinid foraminifers of Upper Carboniferous(Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian) have been stud-ied from the Demirkazik and Gavuralani Formationsin the sections Ozbek Tepe, Eskibey and Bademli.

Ozbek Tepe Section

The Ozbek Tepe section in the Siyah Aladag Nappeis located northeast of the town of Yahyali andnamed after Ozbek Tepe (Kayseri L34-c3 Quadran-gle sheet, between 22.300 N/17.075 E and 22.400 N/16.000 E UTM coordinates) (Fig. 1). Thirty-three

samples have been collected from a 124.5 m thicksection which includes the Demirkazik and Ga-vuralani Formations (Fig. 2).

The base of the section is characterized by an al-ternation of medium- to thick-bedded, grey to darkgrey limestones with iron-oxide stains, and quartzsandstones, corresponding to the Demirkazik For-mation. Towards the upper part of the section thin-to medium-bedded, iron-oxide-rich, abundant mac-rofossil- and Girvanella-bearing, grey, brown, pinkand light green (especially Girvanella Limestone lev-els) sandy limestones of the Gavuralani Formationare encountered. The upper part of the GavuralaniFormation is mainly characterized by thin- to medi-um-bedded, fusulinid- and Girvanella-rich, grey,

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns of the studied sections

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brown and yellow argillaceous limestones with thick-bedded, light yellow-grey quartz sandstone interlay-ers (Fig. 2).

Eskibey Section

The Eskibey section in the Aladag Unit is locatednorthwest of the town of Aydincik and named afterthe Eskibey district (Silifke P30-d2 Quadrangle sheet,between 08.600 N / 19.800 E and 08.325 N / 20.900 EUTM coordinates) (Fig. 1). Its total thickness is 56m, from which 17 samples have been collected. Thissection exhibits the similar lithological successionsto the Ozbek Tepe section (Fig. 2).

Thin- to medium-bedded, sometimes massive,macrofossil- and fusulinid-bearing grey-pink lime-stones with iron-oxide and quartz sandstone inter-layers of the Demirkazik Formation constitute thebasal part of the Eskibey Section. The overlying low-er and middle parts of the Gavuralani Formationare mainly represented by medium- to thick-bedded,macrofossil-, fusulinid-, sometimes Girvanella andoolith-bearing, iron-oxide- rich, grey, brown, pink,yellow and light green (especially Girvanella Lime-stone levels) limestones, sandy limestone and quartzsandstone alternations. Alternation of thin to medi-um-bedded, Girvanella- and fusulinid-bearing, yel-low, partly argillaceous limestones and thin quartzsandstones characterize the upper part of the Ga-vuralani Formation (Fig. 2).

Bademli Section

The Bademli section is in the Bademli-Cevizli Unit(Aladag Unit or Hadim Nappe). It is located south-

west of Seydisehir and is named after the town ofBademli (Konya N27-a3 Quadrangle sheet, between30.400 N / 88.500 E and 30.800 N / 88.750 E UTMcoordinates) (Fig. 1). Its thickness is 116 m and 20samples have been collected. This section consists ofthe Demirkazik and Gavuralani Formations (Fig. 2).

The Demirkazik Formation in the lower part ofthe section is mainly characterized by thin-bedded,macrofossil- and fusulinid-bearing, grey-pink lime-stones with iron-oxide, sandy limestone and very thinquartz sandstone interlayers. The overlying, lower andmiddle parts of the Gavuralani Formation consist ofthin- to medium-bedded grey-brown limestones con-taining abundant fusulinids, macrofossils and some-times Girvanella, ooliths and iron-oxide staining. Theuppermost part of the Gavuralani Formation is com-posed of thin-bedded yellow argillaceous limestoneswith abundant fusulinids and Girvanella and thinquartz sandstone interbeds (Fig. 2).

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Fusulinid systematics in this study is based on Raus-er-Chernoussova et al. (1996). All holotypes and para-types are housed in the collection of the NaturalHistory Museum of MTA (General Directorate ofMineral Research and Exploration of Turkey) andOkuyucu Collection. The following abbreviations areused for the location of samples: OTS: Ozbek TepeSection, Northeast of the Town of Yahyali, EasternTaurus, Turkey; ES: Eskibey Section, Northwest ofthe Town of Aydincik, Central Taurus, Turkey; BS:Bademli Section, North of the Town of Bademli,Central Taurus, Turkey.

Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of the Carboniferous fusulinids from the Anatolian Platform. Scale bars are 0.5 mm.

a. Ozawainella mosquensis Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951, axial section, CO-44-1, OTS, lateMoscovian.

b. Ozawainella vozhgalica Safonova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951, axial section, CO-41-1-2, OTS, late Moscovian.c. Schubertella donetzica Putrya, 1940, axial section, CB-1-3, BS, late Moscovian.d. Fusiella lancetiformis Putrya, 1939, axial section, CO-41-3, OTS, late Moscovian.e. Fusiella praetypica Safonova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951, subaxial section, CB-1-4, BS, late Moscovian.f. Boultonia willsi Lee, 1927, axial section, CB-20-1, BS, late Gzhelian.g. Moellerites ex gr. paracolaniae (Safonova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951), axial section, CB-2-1-a, BS, late Moscovian.h. Moellerites praebocki (Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951), axial section, CB-4-3, BS, late Moscovian.i—j. Pseudotriticites aff. P. thaiensis (Igo, 1972). i, axial section, CB-5-1, BS, late Moscovian; j, enlargement of outer volutions of

CB-5-1 (Fig. 3i), in juvenarium wall consists of tectum, diaphanotheca, upper and lower tectoria and in last volution itbecomes keriothecal.

k. Quasifusulinoides aff. Q. quasifusulinoides (Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951), axial section, CO-49-2, OTS, early Kasimovian.

l. Beedeina samarica Rauser-Chernoussova and Belyaev in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1940, axial section, CE-1-4, ES, lateMoscovian.

m. Beedeina schellwieni (Staff, 1912), axial section, CB-2-2, BS, late Moscovian.n. Beedeina sp., axial section, CO-41-2, OTS, late Moscovian.o. Quasifusulina eleganta Shlykova, 1948, axial section, CE-13-5, ES, ?Gzhelian-late Kasimovian.

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Class FORAMINIFERA d’Orbigny, 1826Superorder FUSULINOIDA Fursenko, 1958Order OZAWAINELLIDA Solovieva, 1980Family OZAWAINELLIDAE Thompson and Foster,1937Subfamily OZAWAINELLINAE Thompson andFoster, 1937

Genus Ozawainella Thompson, 1935Type Species: Fusulinella angulata Colani, 1924.Ozawainella mosquensis Rauser-Chernoussova inRauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951Fig. 3aOzawainella mosquensis Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951, p. 136, pl. 10, figs 14—16.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-38-1,CO-44-1.

Ozawainella vozhgalica Safonova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951Fig. 3bOzawainella vozhgalica Safonova in Rauser-Chernouss-ova et al., 1951, pp. 138—139, pl. 11, figs 3—4.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-41-1-1,CO-41-1-2.

Order SCHUBERTELLIDA Skinner, 1931Family SCHUBERTELLIDAE Skinner, 1931

Genus Schubertella Staff and Wedekind, 1910Type Species: Schubertella transitoria Staff andWedekind, 1910.Schubertella donetzica Putrya, 1940Fig. 3cSchubertella donetzica Putrya, 1940, pp. 138—140, pl. 1, figs 7—8.Age: Middle-Late Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian,Podolsky Horizon — early Kasimovian, KrevyakinskyHorizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; BS; CO-36-1,CO-48-1, CO-48-2; CB-1-3.

Genus Fusiella Lee and Chen, 1930Type Species: Fusiella typica Lee and Chen, 1930Fusiella lancetiformis Putrya, 1939Fig. 3dFusiella lancetiformis Putrya, 1939, pp. 110—112, pl. 1, figs 2—6. Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-41-3.

Fusiella praetypica Safonova in Rauser-Chernouss-ova et al., 1951Fig. 3eFusiella praetypica Safonova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al.,1951, pp. 89—90, pl. 4, figs 13—14.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Podol-sky Horizon.

Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-1-1, CB-1-2,CB-1-4.

Family BOULTONIIDAE Skinner and Wilde, 1954

Genus Boultonia Lee, 1927Type Species: Boultonia willsi Lee, 1927.Boultonia willsi Lee, 1927Fig. 3fBoultonia willsi Lee, 1927, p. 10, pl. 2, figs 1—4.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, ?middle-late Gzhelian.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; BS; CO-60-1-1,CO-60-1-5, CO-61-1; CB-20-1.

Order FUSULINIDA Fursenko, 1958Family PROFUSULINELLIDAE Solovieva, 1996

Genus Moellerites Solovieva, 1986Type Species: Moellerites lopasniensis Solovieva, 1986.Moellerites ex gr. paracolaniae (Safonova in Raus-er-Chernoussova et al., 1951)Fig. 3gFusulinella paracolaniae Safonova in Rauser-Chernoussova etal., 1951, p. 219, pl. 30, figs 7—9.Discussion: Moellerites was originally separated asa different genus by Solovieva (1986) from the Mos-covian (late Kashirsky-early Podolsky) of the westernslope of the Urals (Timan) with type species Moel-lerites lopasniensis Solovieva. The wall structure ofthe described species is the same as with Moellerites(inner volutions with Profusulinellid type wall andouter volutions with Fusulinellid type wall). Becauseof these properties this taxon is assigned to the genusMoellerites.Remarks: Only one axial section was obtained fromthe material of the Bademli Section. The present spec-imen is identical to typical representatives of Moel-lerites paracolaniae (Safonova) in size, shape andinternal features. Moellerites ex gr. paracolaniae (Sa-fonova) is similar to Fusulinella (Fusulinella) colani-ae Lee and Chen with regard to the shape of the test,but differs from the latter by having a narrower tun-nel and less fusiform shape, more convex lateral slopesand more bluntly pointed polar ends. Fusulinellavozhgalensis devexa Rauser-Chernoussova also resem-bles Moellerites ex gr. paracolaniae (Safonova), butdiffers from it by having a well-developed chomata.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Podol-sky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: BS; CB-2-1-a.

Moellerites praebocki (Rauser-Chernoussova inRauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951)Fig. 3hFusulinella praebocki Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951, pp. 226—227, pl. 32, figs 6—7.Discussion: Fusulinella praebocki Rauser-Chernouss-ova was originally described from the Moscovian stageof Samara Bend and South Pritiman. The wall struc-ture of the specimens in this study is the same as Moe-llerites (inner volutions with Profusulinellid type wall

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and outer volutions with Fusulinellid-type wall) andtherefore Fusulinella praebocki Rauser-Chernoussovais assigned to the genus Moellerites. Specimens in thisstudy are very similar to species that were described byLeven (1998) under the name Fusulinella (Moeller-ites) praebocki Rauser-Chernoussova.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Podol-sky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-3-1-1, CB-3-4, CB-3-6, CB-3-7, CB-3-8, CB-4-3, CB-4-4.

Family FUSULINIDAE Moeller, 1878Subfamily FUSULININAE Moeller, 1878

Genus Pseudotriticites Putrya, 1940Type Species: Fusulina? donbassica Putrya, 1939.Discussion: Pseudotriticites is similar to some spe-cies of Beedeina in regard to the shape of the test,character of septal fluting, and the shape of thechomata. However, Pseudotriticites differs by havingan alveolar keriotheca in the wall of the last volu-tions. Pseudotriticites differs from the most similargenus Putrella by having well-developed chomata inalmost all volutions and less fluted septa. It can bedistinguished from Quasifusulinoides by a differenttest shape, well-developed chomata and lacking dis-tinct axial fillings.

Pseudotriticites aff. P. thaiensis (Igo, 1972)Fig. 3i, jaff. Hemifusulina (?) thaiensis Igo, 1972, pp. 87—89, pl. 11,figs. 23—29, pl. 13, figs 1—3.Discussion: Igo (1972) tentatively assigned this spe-cies to the genus Hemifusulina. He noted that thispresent new species differs from other described spe-cies of Hemifusulina by having a different testshape, style of septal folding and coarser alveolarkeriotheca. However, it is closely similar to the ge-nus Beedeina with respect to the shape of the test,shell size and septal fluting. Here, this species isassigned to the genus Pseudotriticites Putrya becauseof the wall comprising a tectum and alveolar keri-otheca in the outer volutions in spite the shell shapeis similar as Beedeina. Ueno et al. (1994) indicatedthat some Beedeina species from the Loei and WangSaphung areas in Northeast Thailand show a per-forate structure in the spirotheca (e.g. Beedeina par-adistenta (Safonova), Fig. 9—4b in Ueno et al., 1994)but this structure is different from the known keri-othecal structure as it is much finer, indistinct andpoorly identified in thin section.Remarks: Specimens in this study are very similar toHemifusulina (?) thaiensis Igo with respect to the testshape, character of septal folding and compositionof the wall structure but differs from it by having asmaller test size, lesser volutions and smaller prolocu-lus. The studied specimen is similar to Pseudotriticitesaff. thaiensis (Igo, 1972) described by Ueno et al. (1994)from Northeastern Thailand (Ban Sup in ChangwatLoei area) but differs from it by having a fewer volu-tions, a larger test and, a thicker spirotheca.

Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Podol-sky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-5-1.

Genus Quasifusulinoides Rauser-Chernoussova andRozovskaya, 1959Type Species: Pseudotriticites fusiformis Rozovskaya,1952.Discussion: Quasifusulinoides resembles Fusulina inmany respects but differs from it by having a three-layered wall structure (without diaphanotheca),more intense septal fluting, looser coiling and a larg-er proloculus. Quasifusulina differs from Quasifu-sulinoides by having a thin and two-layered wall struc-ture, more intense and regular septal fluting and larg-er proloculus.

Quasifusulinoides aff. Q. quasifusulinoides (Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951)Fig. 3kaff. Fusulina quasifusulinoides Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951, p. 312, pl. 54, fig. 6, pl. 55, figs 1—2.Remarks: The present specimens are similar toQuasifusulinoides juvenatus Kireeva and Quasifu-sulinoides fallax (Chernova) in relation to the overallshape of the test. Quasifusulinoides fallax (Cher-nova) differs from Quasifusulinoides aff. Q. quasi-fusulinoides (Rauser-Chernoussova) by having amore elongate test and less intensely fluted septa.Quasifusulinoides juvenatus Kireeva is distinguishedfrom Quasifusulinoides aff. Q. quasifusulinoides(Rauser-Chernoussova) by having a smaller test sizeand low L/D ratio.Age: Middle-Late Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian,Myachkovsky Horizon — early Kasimovian, Krevya-kinsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-44-2, CO-49-2, CO-49-3.

Subfamily BEEDEININAE Solovieva, 1996

Genus Beedeina Galloway, 1933Type Species: Fusulinella girtyi Dunbar and Con-dra, 1928Beedeina samarica Rauser-Chernoussova and Bely-aev in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1940Fig. 3lFusulina samarica Rauser-Chernoussova and Belyaev in Raus-er-Chernoussova et al., 1940, pp. 19—21, p. 72, pl. 3, figs 4—9,pl. 4, figs 1—3.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: ES; CE-1-3, CE-1-4,CE-2-3, CE-2-4.

Beedeina schellwieni (Staff, 1912)Fig. 3mGirtyina schellwieni Staff, 1912, p. 165, pl. 18, fig. 1.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Podol-sky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: BS; CB-2-2.

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Beedeina sp.Fig. 3nAge: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: OTS; CO-41-2.

Subfamily QUASIFUSULININAE Putrya, 1956

Genus Quasifusulina Chen, 1934Type Species: Fusulina longissima Moeller, 1878.Quasifusulina elaganta Shlykova, 1948Fig. 3oQuasifusulina longissima elaganta Shlykova, 1948, p. 131,pl. 6, figs 3—6.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Kasimovian — ? Gzhe-lianLocation and Sample Number: ES; CE-13-5.

Quasifusulina longissima (Moeller, 1878)Fig. 4aFusulina longissima Moeller, 1878, pp. 59—61, pl. 1, fig. 4, pl. 2,figs 1a-e, pl. 8, figs 1a-c.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Kasimovian — Gzhelian.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; BS; ES; CO-58-1-1, CO-58-3, CO-60-2; CB-20-2; CE-13-6.

Family FUSULINELLIDAE Staff and Wedekind,1910Subfamily FUSULINELLINAE Staff and Wedekind,1910

Genus Fusulinella Moeller, 1877Subgenus Fusulinella (Fusulinella) Moeller, 1878Type Species: Fusulinella bocki Moeller, 1878.Fusulinella (Fusulinella) bocki bocki Moeller, 1878Fig. 4bFusulinella bocki Moeller, 1878, pp. 104-107, pl. 5, figs 3a-g,pl. 14, figs 1—4.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-39-1-1,CO-39-4, CO-39-6.

Fusulinella (Fusulinella) bocki pauciseptata Rauser-Chernoussova and Belyaev in Rauser-Chernousso-va et al., 1936Fig. 4cFusulinella bocki pauciseptata Rauser-Chernoussova and Bely-aev in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1936, pp. 180—181, pl. 2,figs 1—3.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: ES; CE-3-2.

Fusulinella (Fusulinella) colaniae (Lee and Chen inLee et al., 1930)Fig. 4dFusulinella (Neofusulinella) colanii Lee and Chen in Lee et al.,1930, pp. 128—129, pl. 11, figs 8—14.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Podol-sky Horizon.

Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-3-1-2, CB-3-5, CB-3-9, CB-6-3, CB-6-4.

Fusulinella (Fusulinella) pseudobocki Lee and Chenin Lee et al., 1930Fig. 4eFusulinella (Neofusulinella) pseudobocki Lee and Chen in Leeet al., 1930, pp. 122—123, pl. 9, figs 10—14, pl. 10, figs 1—7.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Myach-kovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: OTS; CO-39-1-2.

Fusulinella (Fusulinella) sp. AFig. 4fRemarks: The present taxon is very similar to Fu-sulinella (Fusulinella) pseudobocki Lee and Chen inregard to the test shape. Fusulinella (Fusulinella) sp.A differs from Fusulinella (Fusulinella) bocki bockiMoeller, Moellerites praebocki (Rauser-Chernousso-va) and Fusulinella sp. A sensu Ueno et al. (1996) byhaving a more elongate test and larger L/D ratio.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, Myach-kovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: OTS; CO-39-5.

Fusulinella (Fusulinella) sp. BFig. 4gRemarks: Fusulinella (Fusulinella) sp. B differs fromother Fusulinella species by having a larger prolocu-lus, more inflated fusiform test shape, smaller size andfewer volutions. The present specimen is similar to Fu-sulinella (Fusulinella) bocki bocki Moeller, Fusulinellaasiatica Igo and Moellerites praebocki (Rauser-Chernoussova) in the test shape but it differs byhaving a larger proloculus, fewer volutions, a smallerL/D ratio and weakly developed chomata.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-39-1-3,CO-39-1-4, CO-39-8.

Genus Protriticites Putrya, 1948Type Species: Protriticites globulus Putrya, 1948.Protriticites ovatus Putrya, 1948Fig. 4hProtriticites ovatus Putrya, 1948, pp. 93—94, pl. 1, fig. 9.Age: Middle Pennsylvanian, late Moscovian, My-achkovsky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: OTS; CO-38-4.

Protriticites pseudomontiparus Putrya, 1948Fig. 4iProtriticites pseudomontiparus Putrya, 1948, pp. 92—93, pl. 1,figs 5—6.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, early Kasimovian, Krevya-kinsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-47-2,CO-47-3.

Protriticites sphaericus Volozhanina, 1962Fig. 4j

6 Geologica Balcanica, 1—3/2009

42

Protriticites sphaericus, Volozhanina, 1962, pp. 126—127, pl. 1,figs 9—10.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, early Kasimovian, Krevya-kinsky Horizon.Location and Sample Number: OTS; CO-47-4.

Protriticites subschwagerinoides Rozovskaya, 1950Fig. 4kProtriticites subschwagerinoides Rozovskaya, 1950, pp. 9—10,pl. 1, figs 5—7.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, early Kasimovian, Krevya-kinsky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: ES; CE-6-2, CE-6-5,CE-6-9.

Protriticites tokerae Okuyucu n. sp.Fig. 4l—oEtymology: This species is named after Prof. Dr.Vedia Toker, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, inhonour of her contributions to the knowledge ofplanktonic foraminifers and nannoplankton bios-tratigraphy.Types: Holotype, MTA 2002/CO1-CE-6-1-2 (Fig. 4l);Paratypes, MTA 2002/CO1-CE-6-1-1 (Fig. 4n), MTA2002/CO1-CE-6-6 (Fig. 4m), MTA 2002/CO1-CE-6-7, MTA 2002/CO1-CE-6-8.Type Locality: Eskibey Section, Northwest of the Townof Aydincik, Central Taurus, Turkey.Type Horizon: Late Pennsylvanian, early Kasimov-ian, Krevyakinsky Horizon.Material: 5 axial sections.Description: Test small, fusiform to inflated fusi-form in shape, with rounded polar ends and convexlateral slopes. Larger specimens with five and a halfto six volutions, 1.45 to 1.63 mm long and 0.72 to0.84 mm in diameter, with form ratios of 1.92 to 1.94.Proloculus spherical and small with an outer diam-eter of 50—72µ. Spirotheca relatively thin and com-

posed of a tectum, an indistinct diaphanotheca anda thick inner tectorium with coarse parallel poresand a thin outer tectorium. Septa slightly folded inthe extreme polar regions and nearly straight acrossthe center of the test. Chomata small, distinct andsymmetrical throughout the test. Tunnel low, wideand straight.Remarks: Protriticites tokerae n. sp. differs frommost Protriticites species by having a smaller testsize, slightly folded septa, weaker chomata and asmaller proloculus. Protriticites tokerae n. sp. isdistinguished from the most similar species Protri-ticites minor Zhou, Sheng and Wang by having amore volutions, a smaller proloculus and more weak-ly developed chomata.

Order SCHWAGERINIDA Solovieva, 1985Family TRITICITIDAE Davydov, 1986

Genus Triticites Girty, 1904Type Species: Triticites secalicus (Say, 1823).Triticites arcticus (Schellwien, 1908)Fig. 4pFusulina arctica Schellwien, 1908, pp. 173—174, pl. 16, figs 3—9.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-17-3, CB-17-4, CB-18-3.

Triticites guvenci Okuyucu n. sp.Fig. 5a—b.Etymology: This species is named after Prof. Dr.Tuncer Guvenc, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Tur-key, in honour of his contributions to the Paleozoicand Mesozoic algae and foraminifer biostratigraphy.Types: Holotype, MTA 2002/CO1-CB-16-6 (Fig. 5a);Paratypes, MTA 2002/CO1-CB-16-1-1, MTA 2002/CO1-CB-16-2 (Fig. 5b), MTA 2002/CO1-CB-16-3,MTA 2002/CO1-CB-16-4, MTA 2002/CO1-CB-16-

Fig. 4. Photomicrograph of the Carboniferous fusulinids from the Anatolian Platform. Scale bars are 0.5 mm.

a. Quasifusulina longissima (Moeller, 1878), axial section, CB-20-2, BS, late Gzhelian.b. Fusulinella (Fusulinella) bocki bocki Moeller, 1878, axial sections, CO-39-4, OTS, late Moscovian.c. Fusulinella (Fusulinella) bocki pauciseptata Rauser-Chernoussova and Belyaev in Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1936, axial

section, CE-3-2, ES, late Moscovian.d. Fusulinella (Fusulinella) colaniae (Lee and Chen in Lee et al., 1930), axial section, CB-3-9, BS, late Moscovian.e. Fusulinella (Fusulinella) pseudobocki Lee and Chen in Lee et al., 1930, axial section, CO-39-1-2, OTS, late Moscovian.f. Fusulinella (Fusulinella) sp. A, axial section, CO-39-8, OTS, late Moscovian.g. Fusulinella (Fusulinella) sp. B, axial section, CO-39-1-4, OTS, late Moscovian.h. Protriticites ovatus Putrya, 1948, axial section, CO-38-4, OTS, late Moscovian.i. Protriticites pseudomontiparus Putrya, 1948, axial section, CO-47-2, OTS, early Kasimovian.j. Protriticites sphaericus Volozhanina, 1962, subaxial section, CO-47-4, OTS, early Kasimovian.k. Protriticites subschwagerinoides Rozovskaya, 1950, axial section, CE-6-2, ES, early Kasimovian.l—o. Protriticites tokerae n. sp., all axial sections. l, Holotype, CE-6-1-2, ES, early Kasimovian; m, Paratype, CE-6-6, ES, early

Kasimovian; n, Paratype, CE-6-1-1, ES, early Kasimovian; o, enlargement of the wall structure of the CE-6-6 (Fig. 4m), wallwith a tectum, indistinct diaphanotheca, thick lower and thin inner layer (tectorium) in the inner volutions, tectum andlower tectorium with coarse parallel pores in the last volution.

p. Triticites arcticus (Schellwien, 1908), axial section, CB-17-3, BS, late Gzhelian.

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43

5, MTA 2002/CO1-CB-16-7, MTA 2002/CO1-CB-17-2.Type Locality: Bademli Section, North of the Townof Bademli, Central Taurus, Turkey.Type Horizon: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.Material: 5 axial, 1 subaxial, 1 equatorial and 1 tan-gential sections.Description: Test moderate in size and subcylindiri-cal in shape with slightly pointed-rounded polarends, irregular lateral slopes and a regular axis ofcoiling. Specimens with five volutions, 2.57—3.90 mmlong and 0.93-1.40 mm wide, with form ratios of 2.45to 3.14. Proloculus spherical and medium in size withan outer diameter of 95-156 µ. Wall thick and com-posed of a tectum and a finely alveolar keriotheca.Septa thin and slightly fluted to planar in the axialregions of inner volutions but moderately folded inthe extreme polar regions of the outer volutions.Chomata distinct, medium in size and generallyasymmetrical throughout the test and replaced byhook-shaped pseudochomata in the outer volutions.Tunnel wide and low.Remarks: Triticites guvenci n. sp. is very similar toTriticites komiensis Grozdilova and Lebedeva withregard to the shape of the test, uniform coiling andseptal folding. However, the former differs from thelatter by having a more elongate shape of the test,rounded polar areas, absence of axial fillings, moredistinct chomata or pseudochomata in the last volu-tions and lesser-fluted septa.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.

Triticites aff. T. immutabilis Shcherbovich, 1969Fig. 5caff. Triticites (?) immutabilis Shcherbovich, 1969, pp. 15—16,pl. 3, figs 2—4.Discussion: Shcherbovich (1969) originally ques-tionably assigned immutabilis to the genus Tritic-ites. However, Davydov (1988) noted that genus

Schellwienia is morphologically similar and possi-bly genetically close to the genus Rauserites. He in-dicated that some species of Triticites (Triticitesimmutabilis, Triticites arcticus and Triticites bi-formis) are similar to primitive species of Schellw-ienia and later Davydov (1992) assigned those spe-cies to Schellwienia. Staff and Wedekind (1910)designated Fusulina cylindrica Fisher de Waldhe-im, 1829 as the type of Schellwienia but that speciesis the type species of Fusulina, which makes Schell-wienia synonymous with Fusulina. The generic nameSchellwienia Staff and Wedekind, 1910 was reintro-duced by Solovieva (1987) who designated a newtype species, Fusulina arctica Schellwien, 1908.However, the type species of a genus cannot bechanged according to ICZN, and so the genus nameSchellwienia is not valid (nomen nudum). In thisstudy, the species immutabilis is assigned to thegenus Triticites.Remarks: Specimens from the Bademli Section arevery similar to the holotype in their test shape, butdiffer from it by having fewer volutions and a small-er test diameter.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-10-4, CB-12-2, CB-12-3.

Triticites oezbekensis Okuyucu n. sp.Fig. 5d—fEtymology: According to its type locality situatedvery close to Ozbek Tepe.Types: Holotype, MTA 2002/CO1-CO-58-6 (Fig. 5d);Paratypes, MTA 2002/CO1-CO-58-2-1, MTA 2002/CO1-CO-58-4 (Fig. 5f), MTA 2002/CO1-CO-58-5(Fig. 5e).Type Locality: Ozbek Tepe Section, Northeast of theTown of Yahyali, Eastern Taurus, Turkey.Type Horizon: Late Pennsylvanian, early Gzhelian.Material: 4 axial sections.

Fig. 5. Photomicrograph of the Carboniferous fusulinids from the Anatolian Platform. Scale bars are 0.5 mm.

a—b. Triticites guvenci n. sp., all axial sections. a, Holotype, CB-16-6, BS, late Gzhelian; b, Paratype, CB-16-2, BS, late Gzhelian.c. Triticites aff. T. immutabilis Shcherbovich, 1969, axial sections, CB-12-2, BS, late Gzhelian.d—f. Triticites oezbekensis n. sp., all axial sections. d, Holotype, CO-58-6, OTS, early Gzhelian; e, Paratype, CO-58-5, OTS,

early Gzhelian; f, Paratype, CO-58-4, OTS, early Gzhelian.g. Triticites sp. A, axial section, CB-11-4, BS, late Gzhelian.h. Montiparus paramontiparus Rozovskaya, 1950, axial section, CE-11-6, ES, middle Kasimovian.i. Montiparus aff. M. paramontiparus Rozovskaya, 1950, subaxial section, CO-51-4, OTS, middle Kasimovian.j. Montiparus sp., subaxial section, CO-51-3, OTS, middle Kasimovian.k—l. Obsoletes minutus asiaticus Bogush, 1963, all axial sections. k, CE-11-2, ES, middle Kasimovian; l, CE-11-3, ES, middle

Kasimovian.m. Obsoletes cf. O. obsoletus (Schellwien, 1908), axial section, CE-6-4, ES, early Kasimovian.n. Rauserites subobsoletus (Ozawa, 1925), axial section, CO-55-1-2, OTS, early Gzhelian.o. Daixina (Daixina) ex gr. robusta Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussova and Shcherbovich, 1958, axial section,

CB-14-5, BS, late Gzhelian.p. Daixina (Daixina) diafana gobiensis Solovieva in Pavlova et al., 1991, axial section, CB-14-2, BS, late Gzhelian.q. Daixina (Bosbytauella) ex gr. bosbytauensis Bensh, 1962, subaxial section, CB-10-3, BS, late Gzhelian.

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44

Description: Test medium in size and fusiform inshape with straight axis of coiling and slightly round-ed polar ends and two and a half to three volutions.Inner volutions ellipsoidal in shape and looselycoiled, but volutions become distinctly elongate af-ter two-two and half volutions. Specimens with twoand a half to three volutions, 1.95 to 4.52 mm longand 0.98 to 1.74 mm wide, with form ratios of 1.94 to2.64. Proloculus large and spherical with 187—343µof outer diameter. Two-layered spirotheca composedof a tectum and a well-developed fine keriothecalstructure. Septa slightly folded in the polar areas.Chomata distinct but only present in the inner volu-tions. Tunnel low and nearly straight.Discussion: The shape of the first volutions of Tri-ticites oezbekensis n. sp. is similar to species of Daixinabut the general test shape and nearly straight or slight-ly folded septa in the polar areas resemble the genusTriticites. Therefore, Triticites oezbekensis n. sp. isregarded as a transitional form between Triticites andDaixina. Specimens in this study are assigned to Tri-ticites based on the test shape and nearly straight orslightly folded septa in the polar areas.Remarks: Triticites oezbekensis n. sp. differs fromother Triticites species by having a loose coiling, anellipsoidal shape of the inner volutions, smallerchomata, and more spherical and larger proloculus,and more straight or slightly folded septa. Triticitesoezbekensis n. sp. differs from the similar speciesTriticites petschoricus petschoricus Rauser-Cherno-ussova and Belyaev by having fewer volutions, weak-er septal folding, larger test, larger proloculus andweaker chomata.

Triticites sp. AFig. 5gRemarks: Triticites sp. A in this study is distinguishedfrom the other Triticites species by having loose coil-ing and fewer number of volutions. The exact spe-cific identification of this species is postponed ow-ing to insufficient material.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.Location and Sample Number: BS; CB-11-4.

Genus Montiparus Rozovskaya, 1948Type Species: Alveolina montipara Ehrenberg, 1854sensu Moeller, 1878.Montiparus paramontiparus Rozovskaya, 1950Fig. 5hTriticites montiparus Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1940, p. 11,pl. 1, figs 8—10.Triticites (Montiparus) paramontiparus paramontiparus — Ro-zovskaya, 1950, pp. 13—14, pl. 1, figs 8—10.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, middle Kasimovian, Kham-ovnichesky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: ES; CE-11-5, CE-11-6, CE-11-7, CE-11-9.

Montiparus aff. M. paramontiparus Rozovskaya, 1950Fig. 5iaff. Triticites montiparus Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1940,p. 11, pl. 1, figs 8—10.

aff. Triticites (Montiparus) paramontiparus paramontiparus —Rozovskaya, 1950, pp. 13—14, pl. 1, figs 8—10Remarks: Montiparus aff. M. paramontiparus Ro-zovskaya closely resembles Montiparus paramontipa-rus Rozovskaya described from the Ozbek Tepe Sec-tion, but differs from it by having fewer volutions, alarger proloculus and smaller chomata.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, middle Kasimovian, Kham-ovnichesky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-51-4,CO-51-7-2.

Montiparus sp.Fig. 5jDiscussion: Only three subaxial sections were obtainedduring the preparation of the material from the Oz-bek Tepe Section. The wall structure (absence of lowertectorium, thicker wall at the outer volutions), largesize, test shape and septal folding are characteristicof the genus Montiparus.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, middle Kasimovian, Khamov-nichesky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-51-2,CO-51-3, CO-51-6, CO-51-7-1.

Genus Obsoletes Kireeva, 1950Type Species: Fusulina obsoleta Schellwien, 1908.Obsoletes minutus asiaticus Bogush, 1963Fig. 5k—lObsoletes minutus asiaticus Bogush, 1963, pp. 100—101, pl. 9,figs 3—5.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, middle Kasimovian, Kham-ovnichesky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; ES; CO-51-2;CE-11-2, CE-11-3, CE-11-4.

Obsoletes cf. O. obsoletus (Schellwien, 1908)Fig. 5mcf. Fusulina obsoleta Schellwien, 1908, pp. 186—188, pl. 19,figs 5—7.Discussion: Obsoletes cf. O. obsoletus (Schellwien)from the Eskibey section is very similar to the holo-type of Obsoletes obsoletus (Schellwien) in the testshape, coiling style, height of volutions and septalfolding but the former differs from the latter by hav-ing a larger shell, larger proloculus and larger chom-ata. The specific identification is tentative becauseof the above-mentioned differences and having onlyone axial section for this study.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, early Kasimovian, Krevyakin-sky Horizon.Location and Sample Numbers: ES; CE-6-4.

Genus Rauserites Rozovskaya, 1948Type Species: Triticites stuckenbergi Rauser-Cherno-ussova, 1938.Rauserites subobsoletus (Ozawa, 1925)Fig. 5nSchellwienia subobsoleta Ozawa, 1925, pp. 41—42, pl. 5, fig. 2and pl. 9, figs 2—7.Discussion: The fusulinid described by Chen (1934)from the lower part of Ghuanshan Limestone as Tri-

45

ticites subobsoletus (Ozawa) was considered by Ro-zovskaya (1958) as a Triticites (Rauserites) subobso-letus (Ozawa). Specimens from the Ozbek Tepe Sec-tion are very similar to those obtained from the Ghuan-shan Limestone (Chen, 1934) and Samarskaya Lukaregion (Rozovskaya, 1958).Age: Late Pennsylvanian, early Gzhelian.Location and Sample Numbers: OTS; CO-55-1-1,CO-55-1-2, CO-55-1-3, CO-55-1-4, CO-55-1-5, CO-55-1-6, CO-55-1-7, CO-58-2-2.

Genus Daixina Rozovskaya, 1949, emend. Isako-va, 1982Subgenus Daixina (Daixina) Rozovskaya, 1949Type Species: Daixina ruzhencevi Rozovskaya, 1949.Daixina (Daixina) ex gr. robusta Rauser-Cherno-ussova in Rauser-Chernoussova and Shcherbovich,1958Fig. 5oDaixina robusta Rauser-Chernoussova in Rauser-Chernoussovaand Shcherbovich, 1958, pp. 28—29, pl. 1, figs 6—7.Remarks: Daixina (Daixina) ex gr. robusta Rauser-Chernoussova is very similar to the holotype of Daixi-na (Daixina) robusta Rauser-Chernoussova in sizeand shape of the test, and in the character of septalfluting but it differs by having larger chomata. Daixi-na (Daixina) ex gr. robusta Rauser-Chernoussovadiffers from Daixina (Daixina) robusta shentalinen-sis Jagofarova by having a more inflated test, strongseptal folding, and larger chomata.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.Location and Sample Number: BS; CB-14-3.

Daixina (Daixina) diafana gobiensis Solovieva in Pav-lova et al., 1991Fig. 5pDaixina diafana gobiensis Solovieva in Pavlova et al., 1991,pp. 59—60, pl. 5, figs. 4—6.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-14-2, CB-14-5.

Subgenus Daixina (Bosbytauella) Isakova, 1982Type Species: Daixina gallowayi bosbytauensis Ben-sh, 1962.Discussion: The validity of Daixina (Ultradaixina)Davydov in Chuvashov et al., 1986 is questionableand therefore, the name Daixina (Bosbytauella) is used,as suggested by Forke et al. (1998).

Daixina (Bosbytauella) ex gr. bosbytauensis Bensh,1962Fig. 5qDaixina gallowayi bosbytauensis Bensh, 1962, pp. 211—212,pl. 10, figs 1—3.Remarks: Daixina (Bosbytauella) ex gr. bosbytauen-sis Bensh differs from Daixina (Bosbytauella) post-gallowayi Bensh by having smaller test size, less flut-ed septa, and more loosely coiled test.Age: Late Pennsylvanian, late Gzhelian.Location and Sample Numbers: BS; CB-10-1, CB-10-3.

BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC NOTES

Ozbek Tepe Section

Thirty-three samples (CO-29 to CO-61) from theOzbek Tepe section yielded a very rich fusulinid fauna(Figs. 2 and 6). The basal part (CO-29 to CO-45) ischaracterized by the presence of Ozawainella mos-quensis, Ozawainella vozhgalica, Schubertella donet-zica, Fusiella lancetiformis, Quasifusulinoides aff.Q. quasifusulinoides, Beedeina sp., Fusulinella (Fu-sulinella) bocki bocki, Fusulinella (Fusulinella), Fu-sulinella (Fusulinella) sp. A, Fusulinella (Fusulinella)sp. B and Protriticites ovatus (Fig. 6). Fusulinella(Fusulinella) bocki bocki is a particularly impor-tant index fossil for the late Moscovian Myachkov-sky Horizon and its equivalents in the Tethyan prov-ince (e.g. Ivanova et al., 1979, Ueno et al., 1996).Fusiella lancetiformis is a distinctive and widespreadspecies from the Moscow Basin, Timan-PechoraBasin, Darvaz, Central Asia, Spitsbergen, CarnicAlps and Cantabrian Mountains (Rauser-Cherno-ussova et al., 1951; Grozdilova and Lebedeva, 1960;Villa and Martinez-Garcia, 1989; Nilsson and Dav-ydov, 1993; Davydov 1997; Davydov and Krainer,1999; Forke and Samankassou, 2000). The first ap-pearances of Fusiella lancetiformis in all these re-gions is in the uppermost Moscovian (upper My-achkovsky Horizon) but the species ranges into theKasimovian. Schubertella donetzica is a commonspecies reported from the upper Moscovian toKasimovian in the Russian Platform, Donets Ba-sin, Central Asia and Carnic Alps. This fusulinidassemblage is indicative of the upper Moscovian(early Myachkovsky Horizon) strata of the Rus-sian Platform, Spitsbergen, Central Asia andNorthern Timan. Schubertella donetzica, Quasifu-sulinoides aff. O. quasifusulinoides, Protriticites pseu-domontiparus and Protriticites sphaericus are com-mon taxa in samples CO-46 to CO-50 in the OzbekTepe section. This fauna is typical of the early Kasi-movian Protriticites pseudomontiparus-Obsoletesobsoletus Zone of the Russian Platform and itsequivalents in the Timan-Pechora Region, Urals,Donets Basin, Central Asia, Spitsbergen, Cantabri-an Mountains and the Carnic Alps (Rauser-Chernoussova et al., 1951; Volozhanina, 1962; Ben-sh, 1972; Konovalova, 1991; Davydov, 1990, 1992;Villa et al., 1993; Nilsson and Davydov, 1993; Dav-ydov and Krainer, 1999; van Ginkel and Villa, 1999).

The higher sample (CO-51) is the middle Kasi-movian in age, containing characteristic species ofthe middle Kasimovian Montiparus paramontipa-rus zone, such as Obsoletes minutus asiaticus, Mon-tiparus aff. M. paramontiparus and Montiparus sp.After a barren zone corresponding to samples CO-52 to CO-54, approximately the middle part of thesection (CO-55-CO-58) contains typical early Gzhe-lian fusulinids, such as Rauserites subobsoletus, andQuasifusulina longissima. Characteristic species ofthis interval is Rauserites subobsoletus, which weredescribed by Chen (1934) from the Triticites Zone

46

(Zhang 1984), or equivalents of the Triticites (R.)stuckenbergi-Jigulites jigulensis zone of the lower levelof the Chuanshan Limestone (South China). Ro-zovskaya (1948) stated that species of Rauserites hav-ing short and inflated test with rounded poles, in-tense septal fluting and thick walls indicate the ear-ly Gzhelian Triticites (R.) stuckenbergi (C3C) Zone.After a barren interval (CO-59), samples CO-60 andCO-61 of the Ozbek Tepe section contain the mid-late Gzhelian fusulinids Quasifusulina longissimaand Boultonia willsi.

Eskibey Section

Seventeen samples (CE-1 to CE-17) with abundantfusulinids have been collected from the Eskibey sec-tion (Figs. 2 and 7). Beedeina samarica and Fusulinel-la (Fusulinella) bocki pauciseptata are found in thebasal part (CE-1 to CE-3) (Fig. 7). These two speciesare the index species of the late Moscovian Podol-sky-Myachkovsky Horizons in the Russian Platformand Southwest Darvaz (Rauser-Chernoussova et al.,1951; Leven, 1998) (Figure 7). After two samples

Fig. 6. Distribution of the fusulinid foraminifers in the Ozbek Tepe section

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Middle Kasimovian

P E

N N

S Y

L V

A N

I A

N

CO-39CO-38

?

Lower Gzhelian

? Middle-Upper Gzhelian

CO-37CO-36CO-35U

pper

Mos

covi

an CO-40

Upp

er M

yach

kovs

ky

FUSU

LIN

ID

FAU

NA

SAM

PLE

NO

.

Low

er

Mya

chko

vsky

47

(CE-4 and CE-5) without fusulinids, characteristicspecies of the early Kasimovian were obtained fromsample CE-6, including Protriticites subschwageri-noides, Protriticites tokerae n. sp. and Obsoletes cf.O. obsoletus. The latter is a particularly importantindex species for the early Kasimovian and its equiv-alents of the Tethyan province (Rauser-Chernousso-va et al., 1979; Watanabe, 1991; Ueno and Mizuno,1993; Remizova, 1995; Davydov and Krainer, 1999).After a barren zone from CE-7 to CE-10, sampleCE-11 contains the characteristic species of the mid-dle Kasimovian Montiparus paramontiparus Zone,such as Montiparus paramontiparus and Obsoletesminutus asiaticus. Sample CE-12 is barren, but sam-ple CE-13 is rich in fauna, including Quasifusulinalongissima and Quasifusulina elaganta, which indi-cates a possible late Kasimovian-Gzhelian age. Sam-ples from CE-14 to CE-17 are barren.

Bademli Section

Twenty samples (CB-1 to CB-20) have been collect-ed from the Bademli section (Figs. 2 and 8). Thebasal part (CB-1 to CB-6) is dominated by Schu-

bertella donetzica, Fusiella praetypica, Moelleritesex gr. paracolaniae, Moellerites praebocki, Pseudot-riticites aff. P. thaiensis, Beedeina schellwieni andFusulinella (Fusulinella) colaniae (Fig. 8). Fusiellapraetypica and Fusulinella (Fusulinella) colaniae areimportant index fossils of the late Moscovian Podol-sky Horizon of the Russian Platform and its correl-atives (Malakhova, 1973; Rumyantseva, 1974; Vil-la, 1995). Pseudotriticites aff. P. thaiensis was origi-nally described by Igo (1972) from NortheasternThailand in the Pseudotriticites thaiensis Zone andcorrelated to the Podolsky Horizon of Russia. Beed-eina schellwieni is a well-known species in the lateMoscovian upper Kashirsky-Podolsky Horizons ofthe Donets Basin, East European Platform, CentralAsia, Spain (Cantabrian Mountains) and China (Leeet al., 1930; Lee, 1937; Rauser-Chernoussova et al.,1951; Villa, 1995; Leven, 1998). The assemblage ofthis interval clearly indicates Podolsky Horizon ofthe late Moscovian.

After three samples without fusulinid (CB-7 toCB-9), the samples CB-10 to CB-20 contain a lateGzhelian fauna that includes Boultonia willsi, Quasi-fusulina longissima, Triticites arcticus, Triticites gu-

Fig. 7. Distribution of the fusulinid foraminifers in the Eskibey section

SUBS

YST

EM

SUBS

TAG

E / H

OR

IZO

N

Obs

olet

es c

f. ob

sole

tus

Obs

olet

es m

inut

us a

siatic

usM

ontip

arus

par

amon

tipar

usPr

otrit

icite

s tok

erae

n. s

p.Pr

otrit

icite

s sub

schw

ager

inoi

des

Fusu

linel

la (

Fusu

linel

la) b

ocki

pau

cise

ptat

aQ

uasif

usul

ina

long

issim

aQ

uasif

usul

ina

eleg

anta

Beed

eina

sam

aric

a

CE-13 + +CE-12

Middle Kasimovian CE-11 + +CE-10CE-9CE-8CE-7CE-6 + + +CE-5CE-4CE-3 +CE-2 +CE-1 +

P E

N N

S Y

L V

A N

I A

N

Upper Moscovian

?

Lower Kasimovian

? Gzhelian-Upper Kasimovian

Mya

chko

vsky

FUSU

LIN

ID F

AU

NA

SAM

PLE

NO

.

48

venci n. sp., Triticites aff. T. immutabilis, Triticitessp. A., Daixina (D.) diafana gobiensis, Daixina (D.) exgr. robusta and Daixina (B.) ex gr. bosbytauensis.Daixina (B.) ex gr. bosbytauensis and Daixina (D.) exgr. robusta are common and characteristic speciesof the upper Gzhelian (s.l.) in the Darvaz, South andNorth Fergana, Southern Urals and Carnic Alps(Bogush, 1963; Bensh, 1962, 1972; Kahler, 1983;Chuvashov et al., 1986; Davydov and Popov, 1986;Davydov et al., 1992, 1997; Leven et al., 1992). Daixi-na (D.) diafana gobiensis was originally described from

the Gzhelian-Asselian interval of Southern Mongo-lia. Triticites arcticus is a typical species of late Gzhe-lian in the Urals, Central Asia and Donets Basin.Triticites aff. T. immutabilis is also a well-knownspecies in the Daixina sokensis Zone (Gzhelian/low-ermost Asselian) of the Precaspian region, SouthernUrals and Don Region (Isakova and Nazarov, 1986;Kahler and Krainer, 1993). According to the strati-graphic ranges of the characteristic species fromsamples CB-7 to CB-20 interval, this part of theBademli section is evaluated to the late Gzhelian.

Fig. 8. Distribution of the fusulinid foraminifers in the Bademli section

SU

BSY

STEM

SU

BSTA

GE

/ HO

RIZ

ON

Dai

xina

(Bo

sbyt

auel

la)

ex g

r. bo

sbyt

auen

sis D

aixi

na (

Dai

xina

) ex

gr.

robu

sta D

aixi

na (

Dai

xina

) dia

fana

gob

iens

is T

ritic

ites

sp. A

Trit

icite

s af

f. im

mut

abili

s T

ritic

ites g

uven

ci n

. sp.

Trit

icite

s arc

ticus

Fus

ulin

ella

(Fu

sulin

ella

) col

ania

e Q

uasif

usul

ina

long

issim

a B

eede

ina

sche

llwie

ni

Pse

udot

ritic

ites

aff.

thai

ensis

Moe

llerit

es p

raeb

ocki

Moe

llerit

es e

x gr

. par

acol

ania

e B

oulto

nia

wills

i F

usie

lla p

raet

ypic

a S

chub

erte

lla d

onet

zica

CB-20 + +

CB-19CB-18 +

CB-17 + +

CB-16 +

CB-15CB-14 + +

CB-13CB-12 +

CB-11 +

CB-10 + +

CB-9CB-8CB-7CB-6 +

CB-5 +

CB-4 +

CB-3 + +

CB-2 + + +

CB-1 + +Upp

er M

osco

vian

Upp

er G

zhel

ian

P E

N N

S Y

L V

A N

I A

N

Podo

lsky

FUSU

LIN

ID

FAU

NA

SAM

PLE

NO

.

49

CONCLUSIONS

On the basis of the fusulinid microfaunas obtainedfrom three sections (Ozbek Tepe, Eskibey andBademli) of the Anatolian Platform from the east-ern and central Taurides, three species, Protritic-ites tokerae, Triticites guvenci and Triticites oez-bekensis are here described as new. The abundantand diverse fusulinids from the studied sectionsallowed the determination of seven fusulinid zonesfrom the Gavuralani Formation for the late Mosco-vian—late Gzhelian time interval of Anatolian Plat-form (Okuyucu, in prep). This zonation will be pub-lished separately. The studied part of the GavuralaniFormation consists of several characteristic fusuli-nid faunas which are useful for palaeobiogeogra-phy and biostratigraphic correlations. The upperMoscovian-upper Gzhelian fusulinid faunas of the

Anatolian Platform can be correlated very well withthe faunas of Upper Carboniferous (Middle andUpper Pennsylvanian) standard and reference sec-tions of the Moscow Basin, Southern Urals, DonetsBasin, Central Asia and Southern China.

Acknowledgments

This study is supported by the General Directorateof Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) andDirectorate of Human Resources Development(BAYG) of TUBITAK. I would like to thank Prof.Dr. Tuncer Guvenc and Dr. Daniel Vachard (Uni-versité des Science et Technologies de Lille, France)for their support and suggestions on this study. I wishto express my sincere thanks to Associate ProfessorU. Kagan Tekin (Hacettepe University) for his valu-able comments and help on this study.

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