Sum.Page.Template - IDEALS @ Illinois

2005 SUMMARY OF ENGINEERING RESEARCHA Report of Activities during 2004

This .pdf is part of the larger 2005 Summary of Engineering Research, available on the Web atwww.engr.uiuc.edu/research and on CD-ROM. The Summary of Engineering Research represents the extensive engineering research program conducted in 2004 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Detailed statistics about research in the College of Engineering are included in the Directory of Engineering andEngineering Technology Programs and Research, published by the American Society for Engineering Education,Washington, D.C.

How to Use the Summary of Engineering Research: Research projects are listed by title, followed by the names of the investigators and the sponsoring agencies. Projects are sorted by major topic areas. Project descriptions arebrief. Additional information on each project may be obtained from the investigator in charge (denoted by an asterisk).Mailing addresses are provided on the introductory page.

How to Obtain Publications: Please consult academic and public libraries for the journal articles, papers, and bookslisted in this report. Information about technical reports is available from the Engineering Documents Center, GraingerEngineering Library Information Center, 1301 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. To search the center’scollection on the Internet, please visit the website at http://g118.grainger.uiuc.edu/engdoc/opent1.asp. Copies of thesescan be found at the University of Illinois Library, www.library.uiuc.edu, or may be purchased from University Microfilms, 300 Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA, www.umi.com.

The 2005 Summary of Engineering Research is produced by the Office of Engineering Communications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Tina M. Prow: Editor and CoordinatorPeggy Currid: Freelance Editor, Publications SectionsJim Vattano: Graphic DesignerThomas Habing: Research Programmer, Grainger Engineering Library Information CenterBill Mischo: Engineering Librarian, Grainger Engineering Library Information Center

Please send queries and comments about the 2005 Summary of Engineering Research to the EngineeringCommunications Office, 303 Engineering Hall, MC-266, 1308 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, or email [email protected].

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is an equal opportunity and affirmative action institution. © 2005

R. E. Blahut, HeadN. N. Rao, S. A. Hutchinson, Associate Heads155 William L. Everitt Laboratory1406 W. Green St., MC-702Urbana, IL 61801-2991(217) 333-2300 www.ece.uiuc.edu

Research in the Department of Electrical and ComputerEngineering serves two main purposes. The generation ofnew fundamental knowledge is a primary function. Ofequal importance is the education of graduate studentswho participate in research and contribute to theadvancement of knowledge through their thesis research.The research programs described here provide facilitiesand support for graduate students and enable them topursue their advanced study.

Another important function of research is the continuingdevelopment of the faculty members. A forward-lookingundergraduate program depends upon the existence of astrong graduate program and the presence of excellentfaculty members who are leaders in their respective fields.

Research in electrical and computer engineering at theUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign encompasses a broad spectrum of areas that reflect the wide range ofinterest and expertise of the faculty, as illustrated by thenumber and diversity of the research projects denoted inthe following pages. Almost all of the faculty members inthe department are engaged in research and many conductresearch in interdisciplinary programs and hold jointappointments in other departments and interdisciplinarylaboratories. More than 550 graduate students and manyundergraduates assist in this research effort.

Support for this research is provided by contracts andgrants from several agencies of the federal government aswell as from industrial sources. Other departments andlaboratories in which the department’s faculty hold affiliatestatus and are engaged in interdisciplinary research includeBioengineering; Computer Science; General Engineering;Materials Science and Engineering; Nuclear, Plasma, andRadiological Engineering; Physics; the CoordinatedScience Laboratory; the Frederick Seitz MaterialsResearch Laboratory; the Micro and NanotechnologyLaboratory; and the Beckman Institute for AdvancedScience and Technology.

Faculty and Their InterestsIlesanmi AdesidaElectronic and transport properties of ultra-lowdimensional semiconductor structures, advancedprocessing methods for electronic devices, high-speedoptoelectronic devices and integrated circuits, radiation effects

Narendra AhujaComputer vision, robotics, image processing, sensors,pattern recognition, virtual environments, intelligentinterfaces

Jont AllenSpeech recognition based on the articulation index andaspects of information theory

Tamer BasarInformation technology research; control over wired and wireless networks; robust identification and control;dynamic games and stochastic teams; nonlinear andadaptive robust control; decentralized detection andestimation; routing, pricing, and congestion control;modeling and control of communication networks; mobile computing; incentive mechanisms through pricing;neural networks-based identification and control;applications of control and game theory in economics

Tangul BasarOptimum transmitter-receiver design in communicationsystems, spread spectrum communication system, jammingproblems in information transmission, minima stochasticoptimization problems with applications in communicationsystems, mobile radio systems

James Beauchamp, EmeritusUse of computers for music synthesis, determination ofsound synthesis models based on spectral analysis ofmusical instrument sounds, musical timbre perception,detection of musical pitch, musical sound sourceseparation, and automatic transcription from acousticrecordings

Jennifer BernhardReconfigurable active and passive antennas, phased arrayantennas, wireless sensor systems

1

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Stephen G. BishopOptical and electrical characterization of crystalline and amorphous semiconductors and semiconductornanostructures, compound semiconductors: GaAs, InP, AlGaAs, ZnSe, SiC, defects in semiconductors,isoelectronic defects, rare earth-doped chalcogenideglasses and GaN. Experimental techniques:photoluminescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, magneto-optics, photoemission,infrared spectroscopy

Richard BlahutCommunications, signal processing, information theory, optical recording

Stephen BoppartOptical biomedical imaging, molecular imaging, lasers in medicine and biology, optical coherence tomography,image-guided surgery, medical engineering, opticaldiagnostics of cancer

Yoram BreslerBiomedical imaging systems; statistical signal and imageprocessing; inverse problems; statistical patternrecognition; sensor-array processing

Donna J. BrownAsynchronous learning technologies and environments;WWW-based education; VLSI placement and routing;parallel and distributed algorithms and architectures;analysis and design of algorithms, with a particular interest in approximation algorithms; graph theory

Marie-Christine BrunetNumerical algorithms, parallel computing

Andreas CangellarisNumerical techniques for electromagnetic modeling andsimulation, microwave circuit design, speed VLSIinterconnects, electronic packaging, electromagneticcomputer-aided design for high-speed digital andRF/microwave electronics, antenna modeling,optoelectronic interconnects, electromagnetic modeling for nonlinear optics

Scott CarneyOptical physics, including imaging, near-field microscopy,classical and quantum coherence theory, beampropagation, fundamental issues of energy conservation,mathematical methods in inverse scattering and thepropagation of light

Nicholas CarterArchitectures that combine programmable processors andreconfigurable logic, computing using nanotech devices,design techniques to integrate computation and sensing

Patrick ChapmanPower electronics, electric drives, vibrations inelectromechanical systems, monolithic integrated powercircuits, numerical magnetic modeling, biomechanicalenergy conversion

Keh-Yung ChengMolecular beam epitaxy technology, optoelectronicintegrated circuits, high speed devices, in situ fabricationof nanostructures, quantum wire lasers, vertical cavitysurface emitting lasers, Sb-based IR detectors andelectronic devices

Weng Cho ChewElectromagnetics: wave propagation in inhomogeneousmedia, microwave integrated circuits, microstrip antennas,and fast algorithms for radiation scattering, low frequencyelectromagnetics, and layered media; parallelization of fastalgorithms; inverse scattering, imaging, and physics-basedsignal processing

Yun ChiuIntegrated circuits, VLSI signal processing, devicemodeling and CAD, wire-line and wirelesscommunications

Hyungsoo ChoiPrecursors for nanoscale materials synthesis, includingsyntheses and development of tailored organometallic,inorganic, and polymeric precursors; thin film andnanoparticle fabrication, including thin films, micro- andnanoparticles, and nanowires/tubes via sol-gel processing,charged liquid cluster beam (CLCB) deposition, chemicalvapor deposition (CVD), chemical solution deposition(CSD), and precision particle fabrication (PPF)technology; electronic and optical materials, includingfabrication of electronic, optical, and magnetic materialsfor various devices involving thin films, micro- andnanoparticles, nanowires/tubes of metals, metal nitridesand oxides utilizing their electronic, optical,optoelectronic, and magnetic properties; bimaterials,including fabrication of micro- and nanospheres/capsulesof biodegradable/compatible materials for advances drugdelivery and tissue engineering

2

Kent ChoquetteVertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), micro-and nanocavity lasers, optoelectronic devices, selectiveoxidation of compound semiconductors, hybridheterogenous integration, nanoprocessing fabrication,photonic crystal materials, Si-based optoelectronics

Shun Lien ChuangOptoelectronics, semiconductor lasers, modulators,photodetectors, photonics, quantum electronics, fiberoptical sensors, electromagnetics

James J. ColemanSemiconductor lasers, optoelectronics, epitaxial growth

Brian CunninghamNanotechnology, photonic crystals, biosensors,micro/nanofabrication methods and materials detectioninstrumentation

Minh DoImage and multidimensional signal processing, wavelets,multiscale geometric analysis, visual informationrepresentation

J. Gary EdenUltraviolet and visible lasers and laser spectroscopy,microcavity plasma and microresonator devices, opticalphysics, including femtosecond laser spectroscopy andtechnology, and the interaction of intense optical fieldswith matter, laser magnetometry

Milton FengHigh-speed devices and ICs for wireless and light emitting transistors for optoelectronics (optoelectronic IC),monolithic microwave and millimeter-wave IC, digital IC,high field transport properties, RF-MEMS for wirelesscommunications, advanced Si-CMOS device physics

Matthew FrankComputer system architecture, parallel computing,program analysis, concurrency control, online algorithms

Patricia FrankeAtmospheric dynamics, including the dynamics andthermodynamics of the upper atmosphere through dataanalysis of radar and lidar data and through the numericalsimulations of different types of flow; radar and opticalremote sensing of the upper atmosphere; computationalelectromagnetics, application of finite difference timedomain techniques to the problems of radar backscatterfrom turbulent regions of the neutral atmosphere and theionosphere and application of different numerical methods

and parallel computing for computationally demandingproblems; computational fluid dynamics

Steven J. FrankeDevelopment and application of radar and signalprocessing techniques for remote sensing in the middleand upper atmosphere; application of tomographic imagingto the middle and upper atmosphere using arrays ofground-based sensors and low-earth orbit satellites; low-power wireless RF communications; high efficiencylinear power amplifiers for RF communications and radar applications

Leon A. FrizzellUltrasonic biophysics, ultrasonic bioengineering

Chester S. GardnerOptical communication, laser altimetry, laser remotesensing and ranging, laser guide stars, adaptive optics

George GrossElectricity planning and analysis, power systemoperations, competitive electricity markets and auctionmechanisms, transmission services and pricing, ancillaryservices, congestions management, reliability and security,energy policy and economics, restructuring of theelectricity business

Christoforos HadjicostisSystems and control, error control coding, fault diagnosisand tolerance in dynamic systems, testing and verification,discrete event systems, algebraic systems, coding andgraph theory

Bruce E. HajekCommunication networks information theory, computernetworks stochastic analysis, optimization wirelesscommunication

Mark Hasegawa-JohnsonAcoustic phonetics, audio signal processing and speechrecognition, speech and auditory physiology

Karl HessHot carriers in semiconductors, electronic transport inheterojunction structures and superlattices, numericalsimulation of semiconductor devices (supercomputingapplications), quantum transport in mesoscopic systems,laser diode simulation, molecular and electronnanostructures, theory and simulation, deuteriumprocessing and MOS reliability, quantum computing,theorem of Bell

3

Nick Holonyak, Jr.Semiconductors, semiconductor device physics,semiconductor crystal growth and junction formation,diffused Si devices, SCRs, TRIACs, double injection,luminescence, light emitting diodes (LEDs),heterojunctions, lasers, tunnel diodes, compoundsemiconductors, quantum well heterostructures,superlattices, quantum well lasers, impurity-induced layer disordering, Al-based III-V native oxides and their use in heterostructures devices

Kuang C. HsiehSemiconductor materials/devices processing andcharacterization

Thomas S. HuangImage processing, image compression, computer vision,human computer interaction, image and video databases

Seth HutchinsonRobotics, computer vision, artificial intelligence

Wen-Mei HwuArchitecture, compilation and microarchitecture of highperformance parallel computer systems

Ravishankar K. IyerDesign and evaluation of reliable and secure networks and systems, computer measurement and modeling,dependability and security validation and benchmarking

Jianming JinComputational electromagnetics, finite element methods,electromagnetic analysis and design in magnetic resonanceimaging, wave scattering and propagation, electromagneticinterference and compatibility, microwave and millimeterwave circuits, antennas and electromagnetic theory

Douglas L. JonesDigital signal processing, time-varying and time-frequencyanalysis, signal processing for communications, binauralhearing aids, signal processing for MEMS

Farzad KamalabadiRemote sensing and imaging, multidimensional signal andimage processing, signal reconstruction and tomography,ionospheric and space physics

Kyekyoon (Kevin) KimGrowth of GaN-based compound semiconductors andfabrication of optoelectronic and electronic devices usingplasma-assisted MBE; plasma-arc-driven electromagneticrailgun for fueling of plasma devices; charged liquid

cluster beam generation and application to thin filmdeposition, micropattern generation, and nanoparticlefabrication; generation of solid and hollow, charged andneutral, monodisperse, micro- and nanospheres forbiomedical and other applications; plasma display panels;development of novel thin film deposition techniquesusing plasmas, charged particles, electrostatic spraying,and their combinations with other techniques; MEMS and sensors; ionized source (cluster) beam deposition forlow-temperature growth of high-quality films; inertialconfinement fusion targets

Ralf KoetterPractical and theoretical aspects of coding theory,complexity, algorithms, communication systems, networks

Philip T. KreinPower electronics, electric machinery andelectromechanics, electric and hybrid vehicle systems

Erhan KudekiRadar remote sensing; atmospheric winds, waves, andturbulence; ionospheric plasma instabilities; incoherentscatter electric field measurements; midlatitude fieldaligned irregularities and meteor trails

P. R. KumarWireless networks, sensor networks, convergence ofcontrol, communication and computation, semiconductormanufacturing, manufacturing systems, machine learning,adaptive systems, control, stochastic systems

Jean-Pierre LeburtonTheory of semiconductor devices, modeling andsimulation of nanostructures, electronic and opticalproperties of heterostructures and low dimensionalsystems, transport in quantum structures, electronicproperties, charging effects in quantum dots andnanocrystals, spin effects in nanostructures, quantumcomputation and quantum information processing, nano-bio-electronics

Stephen LevinsonSpeech processing, language acquisition, natural language understanding, speech synthesis

Zhi-Pei LiangMagnetic resonance imaging, pattern recognition,statistical learning, bioinformatics

Daniel LiberzonNonlinear control theory, analysis and synthesis of hybriddynamical systems, systems with imprecise measurements

4

and/or modeling uncertainty, stochastic differentialequations and control

Chang LiuMEMS, microsensors, microintegrated fluidics systems,MEMS for nanotechnology, wireless interface for sensors,sensitive skin

Michael C. LouiComputational complexity theory, ethics in engineeringand computing, scholarship of teaching and learning

Steven LumettaOptical network architecture, computer architecture,cluster computing, parallel computing, user-levelcommunication, validation and reliability

Joseph W. LydingScanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, STM-based nanolithography and nanofabrication, silicon-basedmolecular electronics, carbon nanotubes and carbon-basednanotechnology merged with silicon, growth of 3-D siliconnanostructures, deuterium processing and hot electrondegradation in semiconductor devices, atomically precisedopant mapping, cross-sectional STM of semiconductorheterostructures, oxide silicon interface mapping, carbonnanotube purification

Yi MaComputer vision, including multiple view geometry,structure from motion, dynamic vision, real-time tracking,and active vision; systems theory, including geometricnonlinear control, hybrid systems, vision-based roboticcontrol and navigation

Jonathan MakelaIonospheric physics, especially irregularities at low- andmid-latitudes and their effects on trans-ionospheric satellitesignals, response of the Earth’s ionosphere to geomagneticstorms; optical and radio remote sensing techniques fromground- and satellite-based platforms

Sean MeynOptimal control, Markov processes (with or withoutcontrol), stochastic approximation and adaptive control,reinforcement learning and simulation, spectral theory andlarge deviations, information theory, stochastic networks

Eric MichielssenComputational electromagnetics, fast integral equation-based solvers algorithms in both the frequency and timedomains, and robust design paradigms; analysis and designof electromagnetic and optical systems (antennas, filters,

interconnects, platform, terrain, plasmonic devices, and so forth)

Pierre MoulinImage and video processing, compression, statistical signalprocessing, information hiding

David NicolCyber-security, modeling and analysis of computer andcommunications systems, high performance simulation,parallel processing

Burks Oakley IIApplications of computer-aided learning in theundergraduate engineering curriculum

William D. O’Brien, Jr.Ultrasonic biophysics and bioeffects, acoustic microscopy,ultrasonic bioengineering, ultrasonic dosimetry, ultrasonictissue characterization, acoustic imaging techniques

Thomas OverbyePower systems operation and control, power systemstability, power system analysis by computer methods,power system visualization

Mangalore A. PaiPower system stability, dynamic security of powersystems, model reduction in power systems, iterativesolver techniques in power system computations, voltagestability, robust stability, power system computation,impact of distributed generation in power systems

Janak H. PatelVLSI testing and testability, VLSI design automation

Sanjay PatelComputer architecture, microarchitecture, high-performance and reliable computer systems, theimplications of future generation applications andimplementation technologies on systems design

William R. PerkinsControl systems, system theory, sensitivity theory androbust control, large-scale dynamic systems

Constantine D. PolychronopoulosParallelizing/optimizing compilers for multithreadedarchitectures, program restructuring and optimization; code generation and optimization for superscalarprocessors; parallel programming languages; environmentsfor parallel programming; partitioning, scheduling, andrun-time environments for parallel computers;

5

multiprocessor operating systems with multithreadingsupport; parallel computer architectures; performanceevaluation of parallel architectures

N. Narayana RaoIonospheric propagation, radiolocation

Umberto RavaioliMonte Carlo simulation of high speed electronic devices;numerical methods for semiconductor device simulation;quantum devices; supercomputation and visualization;reliability of MOS devices; micro- and nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS); charge transport in biological systems (ionic channels); properties of carbon nanotubes

Elyse RosenbaumDesign of ESD-protected RFICs, modeling and simulationof ESD protection circuits, analysis of substrate noisecoupling, silicon-on-insulator, ESD protection for veryhigh speed I/Os, gate oxide reliability

William SandersDependability, security, and performance evaluation;intrusion- and fault-tolerant systems; reliable and securedistributed systems

Dilip V. SarwateCommunications, coding theory, spread-spectrumcommunications, design of algorithms

Peter W. SauerElectric machinery modeling, analysis and control, powersystem dynamic modeling and simulation, power systemstability

Jose Schutt-AineElectronic packaging, microwave theory andmeasurements, and digital circuit modeling, includingintegration of modeling and simulation tools, high-performance computation for simulation of packages,applications of V-shaped transmission lines

Naresh ShanbhagDesign and VLSI implementation of low-power, high-performance multimedia digital signal processing andcommunications systems, noise-tolerant deep submicronVLSI systems, fundamental bounds on efficiency of VLSI information processing systems, power-awarereconfigurable DSP systems, low-power DSP and circuits,DSP and communication system design, digital ASICdesign

Yoshihisa ShinagawaComputer graphics, vision, and its applications

Andrew SingerStatistical signal processing, communications, machinelearning, data compression, sonar/lidar/optical signalprocessing

Gary SwensonRemote sensing of the atmosphere from ground-based,aircraft, and spacecraft using optical methods; spaceenvironment issues with a particular emphasis onspacecraft glows

Gregory TimpFabrication, development, and characterization of theperformance of silicon MOS nanotransistors to discoverthe fundamental limitations of the silicon MOSFET;atomic physics and light pressure forces on single atomsfor lithography applications; mesoscopic and nanostructurephysics, including measurement of the low temperaturetransport characteristics of high electron mobilitytransistors that resemble electron waveguides Hopping(thermally-assisted tunneling) conductivity of localizedelectrons in a two dimensional impurity band formed in the inversion layer of a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET); the effect of superlattices on lattice-dynamical properties ofgraphite intercolation compounds using Raman scattering,extremely high field magnetoresistors, Schubinkov-deHaaseffect (using high resolution microscopy), high resolutionx-ray scattering; nanometer-scale lithography to probebiological function

Timothy N. Trick, EmeritusComputer-aided analysis and design of circuits, computer-based education

John TuckerMetal silicide source/drain MOS transistors at ~10nm gate length, atom-scale electron devices made by STMpatterning of donors in silicon, nanoscale architectures

Nitin VaidyaWireless networking, mobile computing, fault-tolerantcomputing

Venu VeeravalliDistributed wireless sensor systems, wireless packet datanetworks, channel modeling for wideband multiantennawireless systems, information theory for wirelesscommunications, wireless code division multiple access(CDMA) systems, radio resource management for wireless

6

networks, decentralized dynamic decision making,sequential multihypothesis testing and change-pointdetection

Pramod ViswanathCommunication theory, wireless communication,information theory, communication networks

Benjamin W. WahNonlinear optimization, parallel processing, distributedprocessing, artificial intelligence, computer networks,multimedia signal processing

Andrew WebbRF coil design, functional imaging agents, magneticresonance microcoils, thermal mapping using MRI,functional magnetic resonance imaging

Bruce C. WheelerAnalysis of multichannel neural signals, microminiaturesensors for neural recording, algorithms for enhancedhearing aids, patterned growth of neurons

Martin WongComputer-aided design of VLSI, field-programmablesystems, design and analysis of algorithms, combinatorialoptimization

Jianhua (David) ZhangLasers and laser spectroscopy, electromagnetics, plasmadiagnostics, optics, cryogenics, electric and electroniccircuits

Advanced AutomationAcquisition, Compression and Interpolation ofPanoramic Stereo Images of a Scene for RemoteWalkthroughsN. Ahuja,* Y. Shinagawa,* M. Maitre, N. Xu, [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-25523

Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory

This project is aimed at producing novel images of a scene from arbitrary new viewpoints using a sparse set of panoramic snapshots or sample images of the scene.The samples are taken from a relatively small number of strategically placed cameras. A major application andevaluation testbed of the proposed work is to enablewalkthroughs of a 3-D scene by generating the images of

the scene along a trajectory chosen by a remote userdynamically.

Automated Visual Learning of Safety Appliances on RailcarsN. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, C. B. Liu, H. [email protected] Association for Railroads


This project is aimed at the development of visual learningtechniques and their implementation for automaticchecking of the state of safety appliances on a movingtrain. This consists of the following stages: acquisition ofimages of railcars for inspection of the safety applianceslocated on the railcar sides; identification of imagecharacteristics associated with the health of the safetyappliances; identification of types of models useful torepresent the railcar appearance when the safety appliancesare in satisfactory condition, and if necessary, to representunsatisfactory condition as well; application of models tolearn the descriptions of safe and unsafe appliances; andapplication of the results of learning to railcarclassification.

Image SegmentationN. Ahuja*[email protected] Kodak Co.


The goal of this project is to segment an image, or animage sequence, into its constituent regions such that each region is characterized by homogeneity of a three-dimensional property. Currently, we are developingsegmentation algorithms that use uniformity of three-dimensional surface texture and three-dimensional objectmotion as homogeneity criteria.

Machine-Vision Based Assessment of IntermodalRailroad Loading PatternsN. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, P. [email protected] Northern Santa Fe


This project is the design and implementation of acomputer vision system for automatic assessment of theloading pattern of trains passing by a wayside monitoringstation. The research is concerned with the following

7*Denotes principal investigator.

major areas: development of algorithms for automaticinspection of double stack railcars, identification ofadvanced imaging sensors to enhance algorithmperformance, field testing of the algorithms and sensors,and the development of a field deployable wayside systemto demonstrate a proof of concept. The system needs tohave the following capabilities: to image parts of a movingtrain, to identify specific double stack cards in the train, toanalyze key portions of these images to detect the presenceor absence of loaded containers, and to detect occurrencesof double stack loading.

Path Planning for Robot NavigationN. Ahuja*Rockwell International


This project concerns efficient generation of objectrepresentations from multiple perspectives. We aredeveloping algorithms to generate octree representation ofan object from its planar projections. We use the knownrepresentation of obstacles to plan efficient motiontrajectory to move an object from one location to another.

Recognition and Contents-Based Retrieval of Hand Gestures from VideoN. Ahuja,* H. Arora, A. Briassouli, A. [email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-03-1-0107


This project is concerned with recognition of scenes fromthe spatiotemporal structure of the video data. Trajectoriesof scene contents seen in the video sequence are used asthe basis for this purpose. Objects are characterized bytheir spectral properties as well as temporal behavior. Such representations are used for information access aswell as for recognition using such methods as supportvector machines.

Scale Dependent Processing of Clustered Sensory SignalsN. Ahuja,* A. Feng,* M. Nelson,* C. Gao, H. [email protected] Science Foundation, NSF IBN 04-22073


The broad objective of this proposal is to understand thecomputational algorithms used by animals to extractindividual signals that are embedded in a cluster of similar

signals. Our major hypotheses are: that characteristics ofthe received signal and the separability of individualcomponents will vary as a function of distance from thecluster; that computational algorithms for detection,localization, and identification should reflect these scale-dependent changes; and that motor strategies and sensoryfiltering properties should be adaptively adjusted whenprocessing sensory signals at different distance scales.

Real-Time Path Planning in Changing EnvironmentsS. Hutchinson*National Science Foundation


New methods are proposed to generate collision-free paths for robots that operate in environments that changeover time. The proposed approach is related to recentprobabilistic roadmap approaches. These planners usepreprocessing and query stages and are aimed at planningmany times in the same environment. In contrast, thepreprocessing stage for this research creates arepresentation of the configuration space that can be easily modified in real-time to account for changes in theenvironment. As with previous approaches, the proposedapproach began by constructing a roadmap in theconfiguration space, but this roadmap is not constructedfor a specific workspace. Instead, it is constructed for anobstacle-free workspace, and the mapping from workspacecells to nodes and arcs in the roadmap is encoded. Whenthe environment changes, this mapping is used to make theappropriate modifications to the roadmap, and plans can begenerated by searching the modified roadmap. At the heartof the method is the encoding for mapping workspaceobstacles to configuration space obstacles. To make theproposed approach truly viable, a major component of theproposed research will focus on robustness and complexityissues. These issues will be addressed by using tools fromthe fields of image processing, information theory, graphtheory, computational geometry, and incrementalalgorithms.

Development of a Robot that Plays Air HockeyM. W. Spong,* S. Hutchinson, S. Kuo, S. BunchongchuitsNational Science Foundation, IRI-9216428, CMS-9712170; Electric Power Research Institute, RP 8030-14


This project is to develop a three-degree-of-freedom robotthat can play air hockey. Research issues being addressedinclude real-time visual servoing, adaptive cameracalibration and windowing, hybrid estimation, and hybrid

8 *Denotes principal investigator.

nonlinear control. Based on the reliability of sensoryinformation, a supervisory control system switches amonga fixed set of nonlinear controllers, each designed for aparticular task such as blocking or striking the puck.Future research is aimed at learning through repetitiveplay.

Learning Sensorimotor Control of Balance and LocomotionM. Spong,* G. DeJong, S. Hutchinson, K. Rosengren, R. SreenivasNational Science Foundation, ECS-9812591


The goal of this project is to investigate computationalmethods for learning sensorimotor control in bipedallocomotion. The project will integrate ideas fromengineering, psychology, and kinesiology. Researchers will utilize techniques from control theory and artificialintelligence to improve understanding of the dynamics andcontrol of human movement and the mechanisms by whichhumans learn sensorimotor control. The research team willuse studies of human movement to develop improvedlearning and control techniques for multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical systems. Applications include moredexterous robots, more effective diagnostic and physicaltherapy approaches for disabled humans, and betterbalance training and falls prevention programs for theelderly and individuals with balance deficits.

Advanced Processing and CircuitsAlGan/GaN HFET Fabrication and CharacterizationI. Adesida,* V. Kumar, A. KulievTriquint Corporation

Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory

This project involves a collaboration with TriquintCorporation on the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HFETs.Technologies for the fabrication of the HFETs will bedeveloped.

Gallium Nitride OptoelectronicsI. Adesida,* L. ZhouDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DAAD19-99-1-0011


This project focuses on experimental issues for thefabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and circuits in

gallium nitride and related materials. UV detectors, fieldeffect transistors, and heterojunction bipolar transistorswill be investigated. Methods for integrating these deviceswill also be explored.

Porous GaN: Production, Characterization, and ApplicationsI. Adesida,* P. Bohn,* X. Li,* S. KimU.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1


This program involves the generation and characterizationof porous GaN and SiC for applications in growth of highquality epitaxial layers. Matrices with dimensions down to50 nm are to be achieved for the porous materials.

Processing of Gallium Nitride and Related CompoundsI. Adesida,* L. Zhou, F. KhanATMI/Air Force


This program consists of the development of viableprocessing methods for gallium nitride and relatedcompounds. A systematic study of etching techniques,ohmic contact formation, and other metallizations will be conducted and applied to devices.

Resonant Enhanced ModulatorsI. Adesida,* S. RommelAir Force; Sarnoff Corporation


This is a collaborative program with Sarnoff Corporationon resonant enhanced modulators in InP-basedheterostructures. Waveguides with coupling rings are to be fabricated and characterized in InP-heterostructures.High precision patterning using inductively coupledplasma reactive ion etching and electron beam lithographywill be used in fabricating the modulators.

Silicon-Germanium Modulation-doped Field Effect TransistorsI. Adesida,* K. Ismail*National Science Foundation, ECS 97-10418


This collaborative program with IBM Corp. is intended to significantly advance the growth and fabricationtechnologies for SiGe/Si modulation-doped field effecttransistors (MODFETs) needed for low-power, high-speed


microwave and digital applications. Specific goals are tostudy the physics of short gate-length p-type, n-type, andcomplementary MODFETs and to demonstrate simplecircuits.

Ultra-High-Power GaN Power Amplifier at X-BandI. Adesida,* W. Lu, D. SelvanathanAir Force; TRW Corporation


This collaborative project with TRW Corporation is tofabricate an ultra-high-power GaN-based HFET amplifieron SiC at X-Band. Various processing techniques for GaN will be developed as part of this project.

AeronomyEngineering Services and Utilities for ST RadarOperation at the Sidney Field StationE. Kudeki,* S. HensonNational Science Foundation; SBC Utah State University


This grant concerns the operation of an ST radar at theuniversity’s Sidney Field Station. Tropospheric andstratospheric wind, reflectivity, and aspect sensitivitymeasurements to be conducted with the Sidney radar willcomplement similar measurements conducted by similarradars operated at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatoryand Bondville Field Station. The three-radar network willbe used in correlative studies of atmospheric gravity wavepropagation in the troposphere and the lower stratosphereas well as phenomena associated with the evolution anddynamics of weather fronts.

Engineering Services and Utilities forthe Bondville Field StationE. Kudeki,* S. HensonNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 52 RANR 100075


Continuous operation of the FLATLAND ST (stratosphere-mesosphere) radar administered by NOAA is maintained at the Bondville Field Station. The FLATLAND radar,operating at a frequency of 50 MHz, has been designed toinvestigate the dynamics of the atmosphere above a plainarea with insignificant orographical forcing. The routinelymeasured reflectivity profiles and Doppler spectra are

collected in a NOAA database. Joint measurements withthe Urbana Field Station MST radar are performed toinvestigate the horizontal scale lengths of atmosphericgravity waves and to follow the transit of weather fronts.

Radar Studies of the Equatorial IonosphereE. Kudeki,* E. Chapin, S. Bhattacharyya, J. UrbinaNational Science Foundation, ATM 90-22400


The 50 MHz Jicamarca Radio Observatory located near Lima, Peru, is used to investigate the structure anddynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. In the mesosphereionospheric D region, investigations aim to resolve theinternal structure of narrow echoing layers and determinethe relevant scattering/reflection mechanisms. In the higherionosphere, E- and F-region plasma drifts, instabilities, and turbulence are under study. Current projects includeefforts to quantify the anisotropies of equatorial plasmaturbulence, obtain interferometric images of plasmairregularity structures, and measure the component ofionospheric drifts in the geomagnetic field direction. Major research effort is dedicated to the refinement ofradar techniques suitable for these studies.

Applied Computation TheoryDevelopment of Professional Identities of Engineering StudentsM. Loui,* G. HashemiamCarnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching


This project exhibits the development of students’conceptions of themselves as professional engineers,particularly their understandings of engineers’ ethicalobligations. We have documented the effect of anengineering ethics course on students’ understandings ofprofessional responsibility and potential for moral courage.

National Institute for Engineering Ethics VideoProject: A Sequel to Gilbane GoldM. Loui,* W. Lawson, S. Nichol, J. Smith, P. Ulmer, V. WeilNational Science Foundation, SES-0138309


We have developed a new video, “Incident at Morales,” todramatize a fictional but realistic case study in engineering


ethics. The new video is directed to a broad audience,including engineering students, practicing engineers, andothers who work with engineers. It focuses on ethicalaspects of engineering decisions. Because of theglobalization of the economy, the new video shows a case in an international context. We are assessing thepedagogical effectiveness of the video.

Studies in Algorithms and Complexity TheoryM. Loui,* W. Edwards, N. Komma, A. Mazumdar, S. Pae, M. RomanUniversity of Illinois


We have studied the optimal generation of randomnumbers using a discrete random source. When the source distribution is unknown, we characterized theoptimal functions and showed that they can be computedefficiently. When the source distribution is known, weproved that it is impossible to construct an optimal treealgorithm recursively, using a model based on algebraicdecision trees.

BioacousticsDevelopment of Intelligent Hearing AidA. Feng* (Physiol.); D. L. Jones, B. C. Wheeler, W. D.O’Brien; C. Lansing, R. Bilger (Speech & Hearing)Phonak, Inc.

Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

This project aims to refine binaural signal processingalgorithms for hearing aids so that they are suitable forreal-time implementation in a commercial hearing aid.Also studied is wireless communication between hearingaids and support devices located on the body.

High-Intensity Ultrasound for Prostate TreatmentL. A. Frizzell,* J. S. Tan, G. M. [email protected] Institutes of Health, CA81340; SBC Interscience Research, Inc.


In this study, ultrasound phased arrays are being developedfor high intensity ultrasound treatment of prostate disease.These arrays will allow electrical scanning of the focusand will replace currently used transducers that must be

mechanically scanned. The design will use a cylindricallyshaped array with elements larger than a wavelength tokeep the number of elements to a reasonable level andthereby reduce the cost and complexity of manufacture.The goal is to determine an optimal design that willminimize the effects of grating lobes by varying thespacing and size of the elements.

Advanced Hearing ProtectionW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* C. R. Lansing, Y. Liu, X. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-03-1-0188


The objective is to develop an understanding, based onfirst principles, of the reception and conduction paths ofvery-high-amplitude air-borne sound levels (about 150 dB)to the inner ear by soft and hard tissues in order to designan advanced hearing protector device. The computationalgoal is to develop an acoustic propagation model usingwell understood and documented computational techniquesthat will model propagated acoustic signals around andinside the human head. Modeling of acoustic diffractionaround stationary and moving complex geometries will beaccomplished with finite-element analysis (FEA). Thismodel will take into consideration the effects of diffractionof sound around the human head and the direction fromwhich the sound has traveled from the acoustic source tothe human head.

Improved Food Package Quality and Safety UsingNondestructive Ultrasonic SensingW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* S. A. Morris* (Food Sci. & HumanNutri.), X. YinIllinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research,IDA CF-00E-01-4


The objective of this program is to define the engineeringtrade-offs of the nondestructive ultrasonic sensor thatUniversity of Illinois researchers have developed. The aim of the engineering trade-offs is to define thedesign parameters necessary for an online ultrasonicsensor technology that will allow for the safe, high-speedproduction of shelf-stable foods in packages that offerbetter quality and consumer utility while retainingmicrobial safety comparable to that of traditional cans and jars.


In Vivo Ultrasonic Microprobe for Tumor DiagnosisW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Vet. Pathobiol.), D. L. Jones, M. A. Haun, M. L. OelzeNational Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, CA079179


The objective of this interdisciplinary research program is to develop the basis for a fundamentally new sensortechnology for an in situ evaluation of solid tumors withthe expectation of rapid and accurate detection anddiagnosis of cancer. The specific goal is to develop an in vivo ultrasonic microprobe sensor that operates atultrasound frequencies up to 300 MHz and imageresolution to 5 micrometers. With these sensor andimaging capabilities, research is scheduled to assessdifferences in acoustic cytoarchitectural features of normaltissues from neoplastic tissues at the cellular level.

Novel Methods for Aberration Correction in Medical UltrasoundW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* D. L. Jones,* M. A. HaunUniversity of Illinois Research Board


The objective is to develop aberration correctiontechniques for medical ultrasound that will allow imagingthrough any type of biological tissue, in the presence of large variations in the sound propagation speed. One example of this would be ultrasound imaging andsurgery in the brain, which is impossible today because of skull-induced distortion. The interdisciplinary projectincorporates expertise in the areas of medical ultrasoundand signal processing. The project’s purpose is to conductthe preliminary studies of a new ultrasonic imagingcapability that would yield a significant improvement inspatial resolution, an improvement that could be as muchas a factor of 10 better than what is currently achievable. If this were accomplished, the diagnostic capability ofmedical ultrasound would experience a significantimprovement.

Real-Time Acoustic Imaging Development for DefectDetection in Shelf-Stable Food PackagesW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* S. A. Morris* (Food Sci. & HumanNutri.), X. YinUniversity of Illinois Value-added Research OpportunitiesProgram, Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station


Typical real-time ultrasonic imaging is performed withphased-array ultrasonic transducers using the ultrasonicbackscattered signal. Previously, researchers demonstratedthat ultrasonic backscattered signal evaluation could detectpackaging defects better than the system’s resolution limit.This was accomplished with the development of a newpulse-echo image processing strategy called backscatteredintegrated imaging, or BII-mode imaging. These imageswere constructed under laboratory (static) conditions withoffline computer processing (non-real-time processing).The research aim is to evaluate the extent to which theBII-mode pulse-echo technique can detect and classifypackaging defects under real-time, production-line speed conditions.

Subsurface Acoustic Imaging of Cultural ArtifactsW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* R. G. Darmody (Nat. Res. & Environ.Sci.), J. MamouU.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, DACA42-00-R-006


The objective of the research program is to evaluate thefeasibility for subsurface detection of cultural artifacts.The hypothesis is that subsurface artifacts can be detectedusing various acoustic imaging approaches. The principalunknowns are the axial and lateral spatial resolutionsrequired as a function of buried artifacts in ground soil andthe contrast resolution at which detection can be achievedfor various soil types and conditions.


Temperature Estimates During Diagnostic Ultrasound ExposuresW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* N. Ahuja, J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.), T. A. BigelowBeckman Institute Research Assistantship to T. A. Bigelow


The goal is to develop a quantitative assessment of tissuetemperature increase under in vivo and in utero ultrasoundexposure conditions, thereby providing the capability forthe medical professional to know the temperature increase,and hence the risk of the desired diagnostic exposure. Of particular importance is the heating near the developingcranial bone because heating of the developing brain tissuecan result in long-term neurological disorders. There is afundamental trade-off between the improved diagnosticcapability and the resulting increased risk. The risk from adiagnostic ultrasound procedure is well understood bymedical professionals provided that the risk can beappropriately identified and quantified.

Ultrasound Contrast Agents; Dynamic PhysicalBehavior and BioeffectsW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* P. Laugier* (Université Pierre etMarie Curie, UMR C.N.R.S. 7623, Paris)University of Illinois-Centre National de Las RechercheScientifique Collaborative Research Program


The objective of the program is to develop a collaborativeinteraction between the two research groups that willinvestigate the physical interaction mechanisms betweenultrasound and contrast agents. The two research programsare the Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University ofIllinois and Laboratoire d’Imagerie Paramètrique,Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France.Both research programs have contributed significantly tothe capabilities of diagnostic imaging. During the lastdecade, ultrasonic contrast agents have provided clinicalultrasonic imaging with a new and powerful capability toimage structures not previously possible. These agents aremade of small microbubbles (< 5 µm in diameter) that are administered into the vascular system of the body toenhance ultrasound image contrast. Ultrasound contrastagents are used as adjuncts in routine ultrasoundevaluations to enhance sonographic contrast and thusincrease the opportunity for early detection, diagnosis, andtreatment of a variety of disease processes including heartdisease and cancer. Concerns about the potential bioeffects

of inertial cavitation associated with the interaction ofultrasound with contrast agents in human beings have beenreported. The center topic involved in this cooperativeprogram between the two research programs is theconnection between bioeffects and the bubbles responsesto ultrasonic insonification.

Ultrasound-Induced Lung Damage AssessmentW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* L. A. Frizzell; J. F. Zachary* (Vet. Pathobiol.), D. G. Simpson (Statistics), J. G. Harris(TAM), W. R. Phillips (Theoret. & Appl. Mech.), R. J.Miller, J. P. [email protected] Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, HL58218


The objective of this interdisciplinary research program is to evaluate a significant ultrasound-induced biologicaleffect of lung tissue. It is known that diagnostic ultrasoundexposure conditions can produce damage to lung tissue ina limited number of animal species. Thus, the emphasis of the program is to conduct both experimental andtheoretical evaluations in order to develop a fundamentalunderstanding of the mechanisms responsible forproducing lung damage and from this understandingprovide a best-case extrapolation to the likelihood ofsimilar damage in humans.

Tumor Diagnosis through Enhanced Ultrasound ImagingM. L. Oelze,* J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.), W. D. O’Brien, [email protected] Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, F32CA96419


The objective is to develop and refine a fundamentallynew approach to enhance ultrasound imaging of biologicaltissues by the quantification of tissue microstructurethrough acoustic backscatter. This enhanced imagingtechnique will then be adapted for real-time in situ clinicaldiagnosis of solid tumors with the expectation ofproducing acoustic images that will provide an accuratediagnosis of cancer. Use of enhanced ultrasound imagingis medically significant because it offers a quick andnoninvasive means of detecting and classifying tumortypes.


Development and Information Processing in 3-DPatterned Neural CircuitsB. C. Wheeler*[email protected] Science Foundation


This is a subcontract from Georgia Tech University underthe group title “A 3-D Microfluidic/Electronic NeuralInterface System: In Vitro Studies of Neural Networks,Plasticity and Injury,” sponsored by the National Institutesof Health Bioengineering Research Partnership Program.The group proposal is to develop an instrumented three-dimensional neural culture system with optical,microfluidic, electrical, and electronic interfacing so thatexperimenters may develop a more sophisticated model ofhow the brain works. The University of Illinois effort is toextend currently successful two-dimensional patterningtechnology to three dimensions and to evaluate thepredicted increase in the functionality and health of theneurons.

Information Processing in Designed Neuronal CircuitsB. C. Wheeler,* G. J. Brewer (S. Ill. Univ. Med. School)[email protected] Science Foundation, EIA 0130828


This research aims to design and grow neuronal networksfrom living neurons in patterns with micrometerresolution. Further, the networks will be grown onmicroelectrode arrays so that they can be stimulated andrecorded electrically. Finally, the coding, computational,and learning principles for these networks will be studied.

Physical Exercise, Mental Activity, and Brain PlasticityB. C. Wheeler,* W. T. Greenough* (Psychol.)[email protected] Institutes of Health, PHS 2R01 AG10154-07


Researchers propose to use morphological andmorphometric, electrophysiological, immunocytochemical,and behavioral methods in mature adult and agingcerebellar cortex to determine which synapse and neurontypes in cerebellar cortex exhibit plasticity in response tolearning and to physical exercise; which nonneuronal

elements exhibit plasticity; the molecular mechanismsunderlying this plasticity; and functional correlates.

A Database System for Neuronal Pattern AnalysisB. C. Wheeler, M. Gabriel,* W. T. Greenough; J. Malpeli(Psychol.); M. Nelson, A. Feng; R. Gillette (Physiol. &Biophys.)National Science Foundation, DBI 9116763


Neuronal pattern analysis documents the dynamic brainprocesses of sensation, perception, learning, and cognitionby recording the electrical activity of brain neurons.Recent advances in multiarray recording have greatlyexpanded the rate at which these data can be obtained,making possible the study of dynamic intercorrelations inneuronal networks. Computational modeling has fosteredmajor increments in data processing requirements, whichcall for parallel development of adequate database systemsfor organization, rapid access, and sharing of these data.This work establishes a database system for time seriesneurophysiological data recorded by the Neuronal PatternAnalysis Group at the Beckman Institute for AdvancedScience and Technology, carried out with collaborationfrom the National Center for SupercomputingApplications.

Novel 3-D Histologic Methodology to IdentifyUltrasound Scattering Sites in TissueJ. F. Zachary* (Vet. Pathobio.), W. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* J. Mamou, M. L. [email protected] of Illinois Research Board


The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to quantify microscopic tissue structures responsible forultrasound scattering. It is, in part, these microscopic tissuestructures that pathologists use to diagnose disease. Ourhypothesis is that tissue microstructure (e.g., size, shape,concentration, and ultrasonic properties) of pathologictissue (e.g., solid tumors) is measurably different from thatof the surrounding healthy tissues, thus providing imagecontrast. The approach is to construct 3-D microscopictissue models from normal and pathologic tissues, andfrom these computational phantoms, compare thetheoretical ultrasound scattering from 3-D acousticimpedance maps with experimental scattering results.


CircuitsAn Integrated Design Methodology for Low-PowerDSP and Communications SystemsI. N. Hajj,* N. R. Shanbhag,* S. BobbaNational Science Foundation, MIP-9710235


The goal of this project is to develop an integratedcomputer-aided design (CAD) approach for the design oflow-power hardware for digital signal processing (DSP)and communications applications. The approachincorporates high-level (algorithmic) and low-level(circuit) parameters and includes novel capabilities fordesign exploration and low-power circuit synthesis. The design exploration will be done by developing low-power constrained algorithm design procedures that employ an analytic relation between word-level and bit-level signal statistics. The synthesis effort willincorporate signal statistics, high-level hardware models,and algorithm transformations to generate low-powerdedicated implementation of DSP algorithms.

ESD Protection for 10 GHz RF I/OsE. Rosenbaum,* K. Bhatia, V. [email protected] Research Corp.


We are doing concurrent design of RF integrated circuitsand ESD protection circuits so as to achieve RF designsthat have both acceptable performance and acceptableESD protection levels. Historically, ESD protection hasbeen left off the inputs of RFICs because the parasiticshunt capacitance reduces gain. However, this practicereduces yield and, with the move to ESD-sensitive CMOSas the RF technology of choice, it is becoming anunacceptable practice.

Full-Chip Simulation of Electrostatic DischargeE. Rosenbaum,* A. [email protected] Research Corporation


The capability to perform circuit simulation of ESD eventsincreases the number of parts that pass ESD Qualificationon the first try. The charged device model (CDM) bestrepresents yield reducing events that occur in modern

factories. The CDM represents the single pin discharge ofpackaged chip that is floating at potentially hundreds ofvolts above ground. We are investigating whethersufficiently accurate CDM simulation results can beobtained using only a small simulation netlist that containsmacro-models of the multiple discharge paths. The variouspower domains are linked through the substrate, and anappropriate model of it must be developed.

Tool-Independent, Circuit-Level Models of ESDProtection DevicesE. Rosenbaum,* F. Farbiz, J. [email protected] Research Corp.


We use Verilog-A to develop simulator- and platform-independent models of ESD protection devices in both theon-state (high current) and off-state (normal operatingconditions).

Algorithms and VLSI Architectures for JointEqualization and DecodingN. R. Shanbhag,* A. C. Singer, S. J. LeeCCR-9979381; CCR-00-85929


This project explores efficient algorithms and architecturesfor joint equalization and decoding in high data-ratecommunications systems. Such systems suffer fromintersymbol interference (ISI) and noise. Conventionalapproaches separate the two functions of equalization anddecoding for historical reasons. Significant improvementsin bit-error rates are feasible if the two functions areexecuted jointly. Techniques such as turbo equalization are being explored where the equalizer and the decoderexchange soft information to enhance performance.Application of these new receiver techniques to broadbandcommunication systems such as very high-speed digitalsubscriber lines (VDSL) and wireless is being studied.

Fluid IP Core GeneratorsN. R. Shanbhag, B. Lam, M. Zhang, B. ShimDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency


This project seeks to develop design techniques and toolsfor realizing custom-quality VLSI designs in synthesisquality design cycle times for DOD applications. Thefocus of our research is on datapath intensive broadband


communication subsystems, such as filters and FFT. Thedesign methodology includes an architecture optimizer anda layout synthesizer bypassing logic synthesis. Techniquessuch as device sizing, noise-tolerance (both at the circuitand algorithmic level), algorithm transforms, power, anddelay models are being incorporated into the coregenerator. The resulting circuit layouts are targeted to meet power, delay, and reliability specifications.

High-Speed Architectures for Iterative DecodersN. R. Shanbhag,* M. MansourCCR-9979381; CCR-0085929


This research focuses on the design of high-speed iterativedecoders. Recently, turbo codes, low-density parity check(LDPC) codes, and related concatenated codes have beenproven to be extraordinarily effective in improving the bit-error rates on noisy communication links. Decoders forsuch codes are iterative and block-based, making highdata-rates difficult to achieve. These decoders are alsomemory intensive. Our research explores alternativedecoding algorithms that might be appropriate for low-power and high-performance VLSI implementations.

High-Speed IO SignalingN. R. Shanbhag,* G. Balamurugan, H. M. Bae, S. SridharaIntel


The goal of this project is to investigate solutions for datatransmission in the range of 5Gb/s–10Gb/s for inter-chipcommunications. The project involves the application of communications and signal processing theory andtechniques to analyze high-speed I/O links. Until recently,design efforts have been focused primarily on transceiverelectronics without comprehension of the communicationchannel. In addition, no rigorous, comprehensive analysistechniques exist to analyze and predict the performance ofI/O signaling systems. By viewing the I/O link as a noisycommunication channel over which reliable informationtransfer needs to take place, the project proposes todevelop analysis methods and explore design possibilitiesto accomplish reliable energy-efficient high-speed datatransfer over inter-chip links.

Noise-Tolerant DSP in the Deep Submicron EraN. R. Shanbhag,* R. Hegde, L. Wang, G. BalamuruganNational Science Foundation, CCR-9902745


This research addresses the design of reliable and energy-efficient DSP systems in deep submicron (DSM) SMOS technology in a unified manner via thedevelopment of noise-tolerant algorithmic and circuitdesign techniques. In particular, circuit design techniquesthat tolerate leakage, crosstalk, ground bounce, andprocess variations are being developed. Algorithmicapproaches that exploit the statistical structure ofmultimedia signals to combat DSM noise are also beingstudied. A design methodology is being formulated thatjointly applies circuit and algorithmic noise-tolerancetechniques to achieve an overall level of system reliability while minimizing energy.

VLSI Architectures for Soft Decoding of Reed–Solomon CodesN. R. Shanbhag,* R. Koetter, R. Blahut, A. AhmedCCR-0073490


This project investigates high-performance architecturesfor soft decoding of Reed–Solomon codes. Reed–Solomoncodes are commonly employed to enhance the reliabilityof broadband communications links. Reed–Solomondecoders used in practice today employ hard-decisiondecoding. Soft decision decoding of Reed–Solomon codescan provide significant coding gains over hard-decisiondecoders. Soft decision decoding algorithms arecomputationally complex and hard to implement in VLSI. This research explores algorithmic and architecturaltechniques to design soft decision Reed–Solomon decoders for high-data rate communication systems.

Integrated VLSI Floorplanning and InterconnectPlanningM. D. F. Wong*Cadence Design Systems


In the traditional design flow, interconnect structure isgenerated after the chip floorplan is derived. As featuresize shrinks into the nanometer range, interconnectbecomes the dominating factor in determining circuitperformance. As a result, the traditional sequential flowwill no longer be valid. In this project, we explore ways


to determine chip floorplan and interconnect structuresimultaneously.

Research on Physical Design of VLSIM. D. F. Wong*National Science Foundation


In this project, we explore new techniques for the physicaldesign of integrated circuits and systems. We aim todevelop techniques that are essential to the design andmanufacturing of future generations of complex VLSIchips. Our project activities are focused on thedevelopment of theories and prototype systems for solving problems in the following important areas: design planning, circuit optimization, field-programmablegate arrays, and design for manufacture.

CommunicationsFair Scheduling and Admission Control forShared-Channel Wireless Packet NetworksV. Bharghavan,* R. Srikant,* S. Shakkottai, A. EryilmazNational Science Foundation


Fair scheduling of traffic sources in wireless networks is difficult due to bursty channel errors and location-dependent channel capacity. In this project, researchersstudy MAC, scheduling and admission control algorithmsfor indoor and outdoor wireless networks that allocate theavailable bandwidth in a fair manner to competing sources.

High-Performance Decoding of Algebraic CodesBeyond their Packing RadiiR. Blahut,* N. Shanbhag, R. KoetterNational Science Foundation, CCR-0073490


The objective of this research is to investigate practicaland theoretical aspects of interpolation/factorizationalgorithms that were pioneered by M. Sudan for decodingbeyond half the minimum distance of Reed–Solomon,Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH), and algebraicgeometry codes. The research has two main thrusts. Thefirst is the characterization of the decoding algorithm andits complexity or performance trade-off, together withsubsequent improvements in the decoding of BCH andalgebraic geometry codes; these are at the theoretical core

of this proposal. The second main thrust is thedevelopment of efficient computational architectures forimplementing the algorithms and the demonstration of thefeasibility and practicality of very large scale integratedcircuit (VLSI) implementation of decoders that willdramatically outperform the decoding algorithms used incurrent commercial communications and storage systems.

Codes on Graphs, Factor Graphs, and Iterative AlgorithmsR. Koetter*National Science Foundation Career Award, CCR 99-84515


The primary focus of this research is the investigation of creative new methods for reliable transmission ofinformation in the context of modern error-controltechniques. Error-correcting codes are an essential part ofmodern communication and storage systems and much oftoday’s technology would not be possible without them.This study is focused on graph-based, iterative decodingalgorithms, which, without doubt, are one of the mostsignificant coding-theoretic developments of the lastdecade. The goal of the investigator’s research is todevelop a broad, analytical, and constructive approach toresearch and education, unifying graphical models, codingtheory, and iterative algorithms. The interplay betweencodes on graphs and other areas, like iterative graph-basedalgorithms, system theory, and network information theory,is in the focus of this investigation with the goal ofdiscovering and utilizing fundamental connectionsbetween these fields.

High-Performance Short Iterative CodesR. Koetter*Motorola, Inc.


This project aims at developing excellent codes forapplication requiring short- to moderate-length (64 bits to <1,000 bits) codes. Traditional coding schemes for these lengths rely typically on algebraic constructions orconvolutional codes. Researchers strive to make thetremendous gains achievable for long blocklengths(>10,000 bits) by turbo and other iteratively decodablecodes available for much shorter code length.


Unwrapping Phase Images: Theory and ApplicationsUsing Probabilistic Inference TechniquesR. Koetter,* B. Frey, D. MunsonNational Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719


Phase unwrapping in two-dimensional topologies is asignal processing problem that has been studiedextensively over the past 20 years and has importantapplications, such as medical imaging and syntheticaperture radar. However, despite its importance in scienceand engineering, to date, phase unwrapping in two-dimensional grids has remained an essentially unsolvedproblem. This research takes a fresh approach to theproblem using methods from probabilistic inference. The work not only holds the promise of resulting inpowerful phase unwrapping schemes based on the sum-product algorithm and structured variational methods, butalso has the potential to provide deep theoretical insightinto the ill-posed nature and solvability of the phaseunwrapping problem. Such an insight is extremelyimportant for guiding the development of practicalalgorithms.

Design Principles for Wideband WirelessCommunicationsV. V. Veeravalli,* A. MantravadiCornell University, NSF CCR-9980616


This research is aimed at enhancing the performance ofwideband wireless multi-access systems by optimizingtradeoffs between coding and spreading, capitalizing onadvantages afforded by spatial diversity, and developingtechniques for accommodating multirate users.

New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality andCapacity of Wireless Communication SystemsV. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang, N. WangNational Science Foundation, Faculty Early CareerDevelopment, Presidential Early Career Award forScientists and Engineers, CCR-0049089


The research in this project is directed toward thedevelopment of future generation multimedia wirelesscommunication systems. Specifically, the research spansthe following four areas: wireless channel modeling andanalysis; information theory for wireless systems; wirelessCDMA systems; and dynamic radio resource management.

Research at the Frontier of the Physical LayerV. V. Veeravalli,* R. Prakash, K. C. ReddyNational Science Foundation, CCR-0049085


The research conducted under this grant has a broadperspective from the viewpoint of the physical medium inthat it covers wireline (twisted pair or a coaxial cable);wireless (satellite, cellular/PCS, or wireless local areanetwork, WLAN); and recording, (magnetic or opticaldisc) media. The research has a narrow focus in that theproblems addressed all involve some form of forward errorcontrol (FEC). A major component of the project is oncoding and information theory for wireless CDMAsystems.

Computer EngineeringAd Hoc Wireless Networks Utilizing Multirate and Power-Save CapabilitiesN. Vaidya*[email protected] Science Foundation, ANI 01-25859


Wireless communication technology has gainedwidespread acceptance in recent years. Wireless local area networks have come into greater use, with the adventof the IEEE 802.11 standard and availability of severalcommercial products based on this standard. An ad hocnetwork can be formed by wireless, potentially mobilehosts, without requiring the use of any fixed infrastructure,such as base stations. Such networks have manyapplications, including home networking, personal areanetworking, sensor networking, search-and-rescuemissions in remote areas, and other civilian as well asmilitary operations. Modern wireless devices are oftendesigned with the capability to transmit at different bitrates using different modulation schemes and to operate in a power-save mode to conserve energy. While suchwireless devices can be built, there is not adequateresearch on performance of ad hoc networks utilizing suchdevices. This project will, therefore, attempt to answer two broad questions: How do we design wireless mediumaccess control (MAC) protocols that exploit multirate andpower-save capabilities in ad hoc networks? While therehas been some work on such protocols, this project isexpected to develop new techniques to utilize multirateand power-save capabilities. What is the impact ofmultirate and power-save capabilities on performance on


network layer and transport layer? The project will studythe interaction between wireless device capabilities andupper layer performance, and develop mechanisms toimprove performance of the various layers.

Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksN. Vaidya*[email protected] Science Foundation, ANI 01-96410


Mobile ad hoc networks are multihop wireless networks,with dynamically changing network topology. In thisproject, we investigate several protocol design issuescorresponding to routing, medium-access control, andtransport layers in mobile ad hoc networks. The focus ison performance issues related to individual layers as wellas interlayer interactions.

TCP-Unaware Approaches to Improve Performance of TCP Over Wireless LinksN. Vaidya*[email protected] Science Foundation, ANI-01-96413


The focus of this project is on TCP-unaware techniques toimprove TCP performance over paths that include wirelesslinks. The path from a TCP sender to a TCP receiverusually includes several intermediate nodes that may dropTCP packets if congestion occurs. TCP makes the implicitassumption that all packet losses are due to congestion.Since wireless links are prone to transmission errors, thisassumption is not accurate for TCP over wireless links.Nevertheless, TCP reduces its congestion window whenpacket losses due to transmission errors occur. Thisphenomenon is known to result in poor throughput forTCP over wireless links. This project investigates TCP-unaware mechanisms to avoid such TCP performancedegradation.

Wireless Wind Tunnel: A Testbed for ExperimentalEvaluation of Wireless NetworksN. H. Vaidya,* J. T. Bernhard, V. V. Veeravalli, R. K. Iyer, P. R. [email protected] Science Foundation, 04-23431


This project, evaluating protocols for wireless networksand developing scaling techniques for physicalenvironments, aims at deploying an anechoic chamber forinterference control, forming a testbed, referred to as thewireless wind tunnel (WWT). The uses of the testbedfocus on: evaluation of wireless protocols (WP) incontrolled environments, development of channel modelssuitable for simulation-based evaluation of WPs, andevaluation of techniques for scaling the physicalenvironment to facilitate realistic wireless experiments.The WWT addresses some of the limitations based oncomputer evaluations resulting from the presentinsufficient understanding of channel and system modelsfor wireless networks. These are not well understood and brute force accurate simulation of the wirelessenvironment are at present too complex. Existing hardwaretestbeds suffer from one or both of the followingshortcomings: experiments often cannot be repeated due to interference by other wireless devices operating inthe same frequency range, and the parameters of theexperiment (such as the mobility patterns of the mobilesand scatterers in the environment) are not fullycontrollable. This work impacts the education mission,including coursework, laboratories, and student projects.The testbed will serve as a demonstration tool. Neweducational opportunities will open involving experimentalresearch providing better training and motivation.Facilities will be made available to a larger pool ofresearchers. Additional impact is expected oncommunications systems in practice.

Decision and ControlDynamic Team and Game Theory for CongestionControl in High-Speed NetworksT. Basar,* R. Srikant,* D. WiedenheftNational Science Foundation, ANI 98-13710


This project is related to NSF 98-13710, and involvesresearch for undergraduate students on various aspects ofcommunication networks, particularly in the area ofcongestion control.


Objective-Oriented Model Heterogeneous SensorNetworks for Coordinated ControlT. Basar,* T. Alpcan, C. Tang, S. YukselNational Science Foundation, ECS 02-25481


This is a multi-university research effort that focuses on a comprehensive study of large, mobile ad-hocreconfigurable networks for coordinated control. It drawson elements from coordinated control, dynamic stateestimation, ad-hoc network management, resourceassignment, and fault tolerance. Its aim is to provide aformalism in which the methods of sensor networking maybe integrated as part of a systematic design processfocused on achieving a specific control objective.Particular topics of study at the present are robust H-infinity and risk-sensitive control and filtering in areceding horizon framework, performance-and utility-driven resource allocation in networks, and control overnetworks using decentralized and distributed sensorinformation.

Smart Icing SystemsT. Basar,* W. R. Perkins,* P. Voulgaris,* J. Melody, V. SharmaNASA Glenn Research Center, NAG3-2135


This part of the larger interdisciplinary/interdepartmentalresearch program addresses the identification and controlresearch required to develop a smart icing system foraircraft. A smart icing system would sense the effect of ice accretion on the aircraft performance and handlingqualities and provide information to the flight crew,operate ice protection systems, provide envelopeprotection, and possibly adapt the flight controls. The research conducted here involves in-flight parameteridentification of aircraft flight dynamics utilizingexcitation generated by only natural (and not forced)maneuvers of the aircraft and turbulence. Subsequently,this information would be fed (along with other sensor-based data) into an appropriate neural network that would,in turn, lead to an accurate detection of the level ofseverity of ice accretion on the flight surfaces of theaircraft. The ultimate goal of this effort is to provide both the pilot and the autopilot with needed information to improve the safety of aircraft operating in icingconditions.

Cooperative Networked Control of Dynamical Peer-to-Peer Vehicle SystemsG. Dullerud,* F. Bullo, E. Frazzoli, P. R. Kumar, D.Liberzon, B. Reznick, M. ViswanathanDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, U.S. AirForce Office of Scientific Research, F49620-02-1-0325


The goal of this project is to develop systematicmethodologies for the reliable construction of cooperativenetworked multivehicle systems.

Architectures for Secure and Robust Distributed InfrastructuresC. Hadjicostis,* G. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Departmentof Defense, URI Award F49620-01-1-0365URI(subcontracted from Stanford University)


Within the context of a much larger project, this workfocuses on addressing the challenges that arise in regardsto distributed or hierarchical coordination, fault tolerance,safety, and scalability in emerging dynamic systems andnetworks. The initial goal of this project has been todevelop distributed estimation algorithms that can be used in network monitoring.

Diagnosis and Assessment of Faults, Misbehavior, andThreats in Distributed Systems and NetworksC. Hadjicostis,* E. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 04-26831 ITR


This project considers distributed fault diagnosis andassessment in systems that can be modeled as finite statemachines. This work is part a multi-university effort thataims at developing theory and techniques for monitoringand diagnosing faults, hazards, or more generally,functional changes in dynamic systems and networks,under limited and possibly corrupted information. The project utilizes techniques from fault diagnosis,sequential detection, distributed control, graph theory,belief propagation, and model reduction to solve problemspertaining to detecting, identifying, and localizing faultsand abnormalities in dynamically evolving environments.


Diagnosis and Assessment of Faults, Misbehavior, andThreats in Distributed Systems and NetworksC. Hadjicostis,* T. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 04-26831 ITR


This project studies the application of distributedimplementations of belief propagation and other statisticalinference methods to the problems of fault diagnosis andassessment in large-scale systems and networks. This workis part a multi-university effort that aims at developingtheory and techniques for monitoring and diagnosingfaults, hazards, or more generally, functional changes indynamic systems and networks, under limited and possibly corrupted information.

Enabling Novel Digital Sequential Circuit Designsthrough Error Control and Noise Tolerance TechniquesC. Hadjicostis,* N. Shanbhag,* J. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR


This project aims at evaluating the practical implicationsof recently developed error control and noise tolerancetechniques in the construction of reliable, highperformance digital sequential circuits. The main focus is to explore how dynamic error correction (DEC) andalgorithm noise-tolerant (ANT) methodologies can enablenext-generation sequential circuit architectures that arecost-effective and operate at speed and energy efficienciesthat potentially exceed the limits imposed by current VLSIarchitectures. The ultimate goal is to build and experimentwith sequential circuits that operate on these principles inorder to evaluate their actual performance and potential.

Enabling Novel Digital Sequential Circuit Designsthrough Error Control and Noise Tolerance TechniquesC. Hadjicostis,* S. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR


This project is developing a framework for fault-tolerantconvolution using a polynomial residue number systemwith non-coprime moduli. These techniques are promisingin terms of the simplicity of the corresponding errordetecting and correcting mechanisms. We are specificallyinvestigating how these techniques, together with

nonconcurrent error detection and correction techniques,can offer advantages in terms of hardware and timecomplexity.

Error Control in Switched Linear ControllersC. Hadjicostis,* S. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR


This project develops protection schemes for linear time-invariant (LTI) controllers in switched systems.Tolerance against internal controller faults is achieved via embeddings that preserve the state evolution of theoriginal controller in some encoded form, but enable error detection and correction through nonconcurrent (e.g. periodic) checks.

Hierarchical and Reconfigurable Schemes forDistributed Control over Heterogeneous NetworksC. Hadjicostis,* R. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR 00-85917 ITR


This research project deals with issues arising incontrolling geographically distributed complex real-timesystems over a heterogeneous communication network.The project aims at developing the foundations ofnetwork-based control, from theory to applications,including the tradeoffs between system instability, noise level, link delay and packet dropping probability.Control methodologies that are restricted to bedistributed/hierarchical are also investigated.

Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems:Economic and Environmental ConsiderationsC. Hadjicostis,* G. Deltas*[email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES


The goal of the proposed research project is to develop acomprehensive framework for studying reliability andsustainable operation of energy processing systems inregulated economic markets. The successful completion of this project can have potentially significant implicationsin characterizing and evaluating the economic andenvironmental consequences of reliable designs for futurecommercial power generation and distribution systems.


Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: Fault Tolerance ConsiderationsC. Hadjicostis,* L. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES


The main goal of this research project is to develop acomprehensive framework for dynamical state estimation,fault detection, and fault accommodation in energyprocessing systems. This includes terrestrial andautonomous power systems, as well as electric drives andpower electronic systems, as found in civilian and militarysectors. In particular, this project aims at makingconnections with traditional fault tolerance techniques by developing distributed monitoring/correcting schemesand by explicitly accounting for the system dynamicsbefore overcoming faults that affect the functionality of the system.

An Integrated Approach to Fault Tolerance in Discrete-Time Dynamic SystemsC. Hadjicostis,* E. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 00-92696 CAREER


This project develops systematic approaches for modeling,detecting, identifying, and correcting faults in order toensure the proper functionality of discrete-time dynamicsystems or networks. The project takes a system-theoreticviewpoint and aims to characterize the fundamentallimitations of fault-tolerant designs by jointly exploitingsystem-, coding-, and information-theoretic techniques.

A Robust Control Approach to Digital CommunicationsC. Hadjicostis,* P. Voulgaris,* R. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR 00-85917 ITR


This project develops a deterministic worst-caseframework for reconstruction of discrete (source) datatransmissions through dispersive communication channels.This framework can be explored based on robust controlideas and formulations and serves as a complement toexisting approaches that reconstruct data by optimizingprobabilistic criteria.

Data Centric Sensor NetworksJ. Hou,* P. R. Kumar, L. ShaNational Science Foundation, ANI 02-21357

Conducted in the Digital Computer Laboratory and theCoordinated Science Laboratory

This project investigates sensor networks.

Communicating Networked Control SystemsP. R. Kumar*U.S. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary ResearchProgram of the University Research Initiative, DAAD19-01010-465


The goal of this project is to investigate the modeling,analysis, design, and control of communicating networkedsystems of sensors and actuators on fixed and mobileplatforms.

Information Processing in Sensor NetworksP. R. Kumar*U.S. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary ResearchProgram of the University Research Initiative, DAAD19-00-1-0466


This project studies sensor webs that involve physical and information layers. The physical layer includes thedistributed sensor array and a network structure that allows both coordination and fusion. The information layercaptures not only how the data collected by each sensorare related to data in other sensors, but also how the data are related to the environment being sensed.

Quality of Surveillance and ControlP. R. Kumar*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,Multidisciplinary Research Program of the UniversityResearch Initiative, N00014-01-1-0576


The objective of this proposal is to create a scientificfoundation for the distributed optimization problem ofsurveillance and control.


A Network Virtual Machine for Real-TimeCoordination ServicesP. R. Kumar*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F33615-01-C-1905


The goal of this proposal is the creation of a real-timenetwork coordination and control layer (middleware) thatabstracts, controls, and ultimately guarantees the aggregatebehavior of large unreliable networks such as thosecomposed of sensors and actuators.

Scalable Multilayer Control of Joint Battlespace NetworksP. R. Kumar*U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-02-1-0217


This project addresses issues relating to communicationnetworks, both wireless radio and free-space optical.

Hybrid Supervisory Control of Uncertain Nonlinear SystemsD. Liberzon*University of Illinois Research Board


Hybrid systems are systems that combine continuous and discrete dynamics. This research is concerned withproblems of the following kind: given a process, typicallydescribed by a continuous-time system, find a hybridcontroller such that the closed-loop system displays somedesired behavior. An important situation in which such acontrol paradigm is useful arises when the model of thesystem contains large-scale uncertainties. Logic-basedswitching introduced together with, or even instead of,more traditional continuous tuning has been shown toimprove performance and has become quite popular in the recent adaptive control literature. Such controltechniques are also much more amenable to computerimplementation. However, a vast majority of the resultsavailable on this subject are limited to linear systems. The primary goal of the proposed research is to developsystematic tools for hybrid control design, applicable touseful classes of nonlinear uncertain systems.

Hybrid Control of Nonlinear SystemsD. Liberzon*[email protected] Science Foundation, ECS-0134115


The research and educational development plan proposedhere is aimed at designing hybrid control algorithms. In this framework, a continuous-time process is controlledby means of logic-based switching among a family ofregulators. The closed-loop system is then called hybridbecause it combines continuous and discrete dynamics. We study several situations in which such a controlparadigm is natural and helps overcome variousshortcomings of more traditional control methodologies.The primary focus of this research is on systematicdevelopment of tools for hybrid control design, applicableto general and useful classes of nonlinear dynamicalsystems.

Multiple View GeometryY. Ma*University of Illinois


The goal of this project is to unify the study of geometryof multiple images into a simple and clean mathematicalframework where efficient algorithms and systems can be developed for applications in computer vision, robotvision, computer graphics, cognitive science, and so forth.

Adaptive Methods for Heterogeneous Wireless ServicesS. Meyn,* M. Medard, J. HuangNational Science Foundation, NSF CCR 99-79381, NSF ITR 00-85929


With communication and computing systems becomingincreasingly pervasive, future systems will require theability to accommodate, in real time, wireless services tosupport a variety of applications ranging from traditionalvoice and paging services to nomadic computingapplications. Different services such as voice, or data, may have vastly different requirements in terms ofburstiness, or rate and quality of service (QoS)requirements. We consider coding, routing, and traffic rate mechanisms to provide smooth heterogeneous services to a variety of users via wireless access to a network.


Control Techniques for Complex NetworksS. Meyn*[email protected] Science Foundation, ECE-02-17836


In many application areas and in many scientificdisciplines, one seeks methods for managing complexity of man-made or real-world systems. Famous applicationareas include network management in production systemsand wireless networks; analysis of the stability ofcandidate pharmaceutical compounds; and the relationshipbetween chromosomal and protein structure. This projectconcerns several interrelated approaches to managingcomplexity in large interconnected systems. Specificapplication areas addressed in the proposal include phasetransitions in molecular models and resource allocation in large network models.

Large-Scale Simulation of Manufacturing and Communication SystemsS. Meyn,* S. Henderson (Cornell University)National Science Foundation, DMI-0085165


In the past decade, we have seen astonishing growth inboth the theory and application of queuing networks.Industry is driving research in communication and datanetworks, computer systems, and manufacturing systems.Semiconductor manufacturing plants and the Internet are two infamous examples of networks of almostunimaginable complexity. A powerful need exists formethods for deriving and evaluating operational policiesthat may be used to effectively drive these systems. Thisproject sets out to develop methods for control synthesisand evaluation for truly complex networks.

Visualization and Optimization Techniques for Analysis and Design of Complex SystemsS. Meyn*National Science Foundation, ECS-0228251


This project concerns several interrelated approaches tomanaging complexity in large interconnected systems. Thefocus of this project is resource allocation in large networkmodels. A related project concerns phase transitions inmolecular models. This research will provide new designmethodologies and efficient approaches to simulation andonline tuning of control algorithms.

An Integrated Exploration of Wireless NetworkCommunicationS. Meyn*[email protected] Science Foundation, ITR-00-85929


This research studies the design of agile wireless networksthat accommodate time variations in the communicationchannels, the information sources, and the networktopology. The research will lead to design principles that,in addition to enabling more efficient use of the currentcellular and PCS bands, will allow exploitation offrequency bands in the 10-100 GHz range to provide high-speed multimedia services for both indoor andoutdoor applications.

Digital Signal and ImagingProcessingEfficient Algorithms for Lossless Data and Image CompressionY. Bresler,* D. BaronNational Science Foundation, CCR-0122293


In spite of the focus in recent years on lossy compressionof audio, images, and video, lossless data compressionremains crucial in applications such as text files,facsimiles, software executables, and medical imaging.Universal source coding algorithms, which deal withsources whose statistics are unknown, are of particularimportance. The main goal of this research is to developalgorithms featuring fast computation and low memoryuse, while providing compression quality near thefundamental theoretical bounds. The resulting algorithmswill have linear complexity and will be better than any current algorithm with comparable asymptoticcompression performance, in terms of computation and/ormemory use. Some versions of these algorithms will also have simple structure, admitting fast hardwareimplementations. A special focus of this research is also on parallel algorithms that allow arbitrary speedup whilemaintaining the same compression quality.


Fast Algorithms for 3-D Cone-Beam TomographyY. Bresler,* J. Brokish, A. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR-0209203


In cone-beam tomography, projections are acquired by anarea detector, using a source of divergent rays traveling onone of several possible trajectories. It is already used incurrent PET and SPECT scanners and in nondestructiveevaluation (NDE) in manufacturing, and it will be thebasis for the next generation of diagnostic CT scanners.This will allow use of CT as a dynamic imaging modalityfor cardiac imaging, or for real-time surgical guidance inmedicine, or as a high-throughput NDE system inmanufacturing, or as a high-accuracy security baggagescanner in airports. Unfortunately, the high computationalcost of current cone-beam reconstruction algorithmsconstitutes a major barrier to their applications. We aredeveloping new image reconstruction techniques thatrequire only computations for an image. These techniquescan be 100 times faster than current methods for typicalimages and promise to overcome the computationalbottleneck in 3-D cone-beam CT, helping to make it afeasible and commercially viable technology for wide use.

Fast Algorithms for TomographyY. Bresler,* S. Basu, F. Charpentier, J. Brokish, A. GeorgeNational Science Foundation, CCR-9972980


Computerized Tomography (CT) is the principleunderlying most of the key diagnostic imaging modalities and many other imaging techniques, includingsynthetic aperture radar. We are developing new imagereconstruction techniques that require only computationsfor an image, as compared to computations for the currentmethod of choice, the filtered backprojection (FBP). These techniques are orders of magnitude faster than FBP for typical images and promise to overcome thecomputational bottleneck created by new imagingtechnologies that acquire large quantities of data in real time. Similar developments are pursued for iterativeand for 3-D reconstruction.

Minimum-Redundancy Spatiotemporal MRIY. Bresler,* Z. P. Liang,* N. AggarwalNational Science Foundation, BES-0201876


Since its inception in the early 1970s, magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) has become a premier diagnostic imagingtool. Although its early applications were largely limited tostationary objects, MRI has also proven extremely usefulin recent years for dynamic imaging applications, such ascardiac, functional, or interventional imaging. Animportant challenge confronting dynamic MRI (D-MRI) is to obtain both high spatial and high temporal resolution,with three dimensional imaging capability. The goal of thisresearch is to develop, implement, and test rigorously anew unified theoretical framework for minimum-redundancy D-MRI data acquisition and imagereconstruction. In this framework, dynamic imaging istreated as a higher-dimensional image reconstructionproblem, with time being an independent axis. Instead ofattempting to freeze all motion by sufficiently fastacquisition, time variation during acquisition is explicitlyaccounted for in the steps of MRI sequence design, dataacquisition, and image reconstruction. The approach drawson and extends theories and algorithms introduced by theresearchers over the past few years and offers the potentialfor significant speedups of the imaging process.Furthermore, combination of the theory and techniquesdeveloped in this project with fast-scan methods and withmethods based on phased-array RF coils will producecombined speedups, greater than any one of the individualapproaches.

Unwrapping Phase ImagesR. Koetter,* D. C. Munson,* Z. P. Liang*National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719


The primary goal of the project is to develop optimalalgorithms for the long-standing problem of unwrappingphase images from various imaging modalities such asSAR and MRI. Probabilistic inference algorithms will bedeveloped and tested using SAR and MRI as testbeds.Prof. Liang is responsible for phase unwrapping of MRI data.


Brain Image Segmentation by Integrated MultiscaleAnalysis and Shape DeformationZ. P. Liang,* S. WangNEC Research Lab; University of Illinois Research Board

Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Scienceand Technology

Brain image segmentation is an important and challengingengineering problem confronting brain mapping. Byaccurately segmenting gray-scale brain images into variousbrain structures, we will be able to effectively visualizethree-dimensional brain structures and carry outmeaningful neuromorphometric studies. The long-termgoal of this project is to develop and implement a unifiedprocessing software platform to effectively support variousinformation processing tasks in neuroimaging or brainmapping. The specific aim of the project is to capitalize onour recent, novel work on graph-based multiscale imageanalysis and shape deformation to produce an efficient,accurate, and reliable algorithm for identifying brainstructures from MR images. We expect to accomplish three specific tasks during the project period: complete the development of a novel graph-theoretic algorithm formultiscale analysis of MR brain images; further develop,perfect, and validate a topology-preserving shapedeformation algorithm so that prior shape information of brain structures can be incorporated into the imagesegmentation process effectively; and integrate multiscaleanalysis with shape deformation for accurate segmentationof brain images and develop a prototype software systemto facilitate the application of the developed algorithms forpractical applications in brain mapping.

Model-Based Tomographic Imaging MethodsZ. P. Liang,* J. Ji, Y. Bresler*National Institutes of Health, R21 HL62336


The mathematical basis of tomographic imaging isconventionally rooted in the well-established Fourier orradon transform theories, so that image quality is mainlydependent on how the data space is sampled. In practice,physical and temporal constraints often prevent a sufficientcoverage of the data space, resulting in various imageartifacts, such as Gibbs ringing, resolution degradation,and various motion effects. This project is aimed atovercoming these problems by developing new model-based imaging techniques that can incorporate a prioriinformation into the imaging process effectively.Application of these techniques to cardiac imaging andfunctional brain mapping is also addressed.

Multisensor Information FusionZ. P. Liang, H. Pan, K.-Y. Cheng*[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA972-00-1-0020


This project is a component of research conducted in theCenter for Bio-Optoelectronic Sensor Systems (BOSS).The primary mission of this center is to develop sensorand processing technology for detection of biochemicalagents in battlefield situations. Prof. Liang is responsiblefor developing statistical algorithms for multisensorinformation fusion.

Statistical Image ReconstructionZ. P. Liang,* C. Potter, B. CarragherNational Institutes of Health, RO1 GM61939


The primary goal of the project is to develop practicalimage reconstruction methods for high-resolution imaging from electron microscopy data, particularly in the presence of uncertainties in data acquisition parameters(a projection angle for example). We formulate theproblem as a statistical parameter estimation problem by introducing a proper model for the object (for instance,a virus) to be imaged. This research effort promises toprovide a brand-new solution to the long-standing problemin electron microscopy.

Electromagnetic Communicationand Electronics PackagingCAD Tools for Communications MicrosystemsJ. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Lambalot, L. JiangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, AF ECE0849

Recent developments in the area of wirelesscommunication systems and microelectromechanicalsystems (MEMS) have enabled the networking ofdistributed transducers in a wireless mode. It is nowpossible to integrate monolithic microwave integratedcircuit (MMIC) front-end modules with MEMScomponents such as antennas, switches, and filters. Our objective is to supply the necessary CAD tools toimprove first-pass success and reduce design iterations for


such systems. In particular, electromagnetic techniques areused to model various MEMS switch structures. These arecombined with simulation techniques to predict thetransient and steady state response of these components.The goal is to reduce the design cycle from several yearsto one week in the successful implementation of theseMEMS structures.

Design and Fabrication of MEMS Probe StationJ. Schutt-Ainé,* C. Liu, D. LambalotUniversity of Illinois Research Board

Recent advances in microelectronics have led toconsiderable reduction in size of components in integratedcircuits (ICs). Typical VLSI circuits have dimensions in the submicron range and feature size that can be as low as 0.25 microns. This reduction is a result of severalrequirements for higher density and shorterinterconnection delays. Future state-of-the-artmicroprocessors will accommodate more than a milliontransistors in an area of a few hundred squaredmillimeters. Along with these trends, several issues related to signal integrity and testing have moved to the forefront. With submicron dimensions, interconnectresistance has become a major bottleneck in circuitperformance, leading to signal degradation and delays. In addition, measurement and testing in submicrongeometries, which allows for determining the performanceof the structure, is a challenging task. Nowadays, themethods employed consist of fabricating special-purposetest vehicles for evaluation, which often require expensivemask processes and complex de-embedding schemes. This investigation proposes to implement a nondestructivetesting methodology for submicron integrated circuitsusing the recent advances in microelectromechanicalsystems (MEMS). More specifically, we intend to fabricate and test a microprobe structure that will permit the high-frequency characterization of submicroninterconnects and devices in integrated circuits.

Development and Modeling of Flip Chip andInterconnect Package Technology for Ka and W BandJ. Schutt-Ainé,* F. LiuNational Science Foundation, E-21-N50-G5

In collaboration with the National Science FoundationPackage Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology

The electrical performance of mixed-signal integratedcircuits strongly depends on the electromagnetic behaviorof the components within the system. Future wireless andpersonal communication links will be strongly influencedby these considerations. Currently, millimeter-wave

monolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under developmentin the 24-94 GHz range. In recent years, powerdistribution and parasitic noise control have becomecritical issues in the design of these MMICs. Nowadays,with increased frequencies, interconnect schemes, layout,and power distribution have become mainstream designissues. It is now recognized in the CAD community thatelectromagnetic effects will generally take place at theforefront and will represent the critical limiting factor ofMMICs performance. The collaborative effort betweenGeorgia Institute of Technology and the University ofIllinois focuses on developing the technology support forthe implementation of low-cost packaging solutions forMMICs. This is to be achieved by harnessing themodeling, simulation, design, fabrication, andmeasurement infrastructure built over the past decade at these two institutions.

Hardware Acceleration of Newton SolverJ. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Das Gupta, D. Prasanna, R. Gao, Y. MekonnenDemaco/SAIC

In this project, we plan to demonstrate the effectiveness ofimplementing a Newton solver in hardware on a PCI buscard. The effort focuses on the use of the TI-TMS320Cfamily of digital signal processor for the implementationof the solver. The implementation of fast Newton solver isto be first realized and tested before being implementedinto a digital signal processor. We plan to providedocumentation and interface requirements to allow users to install the hardware card and utilize it from programs.

High-Frequency Measurements and Validation ofElectromagnetic Models in Scattering, Interconnects,and OptoelectronicsJ. Schutt-Ainé*U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF JS 1660

There is tremendous demand for increased capacity in high-speed communication networks and novelapplications in optical control of antenna phased arrays.With clock rates in the GHz range, interconnectconsiderations and electromagnetic phenomena havemoved to the forefront in the design of high-speedcomputers. Microwave modulation of optoelectronicdevices, such as semiconductor lasers and modulators,plays an important role in determining the high-speedperformance of these devices. Continuing development ofhigh-speed optical communication systems is contingentupon advances in high-speed sources and wavelengthconversion devices. While numerous theoretical modelshave been developed to predict ways to improve these


devices, much experimental work remains in order toverify these models and characterize devices based on newdesigns. This project proposes the experimental validationof various computational models in inverse scattering,wave propagation, interconnects, and optoelectronics.Most of the emphasis will be on the higher frequencyrange where measurement information is nonexistent. In recent years, computational electromagnetics hasreceived growing interest due to the availability of fastcomputers and the recent development of fast algorithms.Models that allow the prediction of the most complexproblems in scattering and wave propagation have beenimplemented. Unfortunately, the experimental verificationof these models is seriously lagging, especially at higherfrequencies where measurement accuracy and repeatabilityare more difficult to achieve. This project will allow us to determine the frequency range of validity of thecomputational models and generate useful information for high-frequency operation of radiating, optoelectronics,and waveguiding systems.

High-Performance Computing for the ElectromagneticModeling of Interconnects and PackagesJ. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Prasanna, R. GaoDemaco/SAIC

The electromagnetic modeling of packages andinterconnects plays a very important role in the design of high-speed digital circuits and is most efficientlyperformed by using computer-aided design algorithms. In the past two decades, researchers in the electromagneticand microwave areas have worked to extend theknowledge of interconnection properties. Their effortshave resulted in models and analytical methods withoutwhich the development of reliable design tools would beimpossible. Packaging and interconnects nowadaysrepresent a critical area for the design of high-performancedigital systems. State-of the-art computationalelectromagnetic techniques necessitate large processingpower and memory requirements. As the speed of highperformance digital circuits increases, the full-wavecharacteristics of interconnects becomes important. The feasibility of using the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method for interconnect parameter extraction had been demonstrated earlier. The main advantage of the FDTD technique is its ability to model complicatedstructures and to account for the frequency dependence ofthe parameters. However, the computational efficiency andmemory requirements seriously limit the practicality ofFDTD, especially for three-dimensional problems. Recentadvances in distributed and parallel computing require one to address the hardware-dependent aspects of thesecomputational issues. The Orion Project takes advantage

of the availability of low-cost PC components. Presently,mini-supercomputers can be built at a moderate cost byusing fast communication networks. Moreover, theavailability of software libraries for distributed computing,such as the parallel virtual machine (PVM) and themessage passing interface (MPI), have rendered thesoftware development within these environments easier.

Low-Cost Fully Monolithic RF Integrated Circuits for Wireless ApplicationsJ. Schutt-Ainé*National Science Foundation, ECS-9979292

The performance of radio frequency (RF) integratedcircuits will strongly influence the versatility andportability of future wireless communication systems. With the ever-increasing demands for higher bandwidthand capacity as well as reductions in size, weight, andcost, the need for more robust and efficient RF circuits is expected to increase. Currently, millimeter-wavemonolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under developmentin the 24-94 GHz range and will represent the platform for the RF components of most wireless systems. With the recent advent of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), new potentials are being discovered for applications in the RF/millimeter wave ranges. In orderto implement RFICs for future wireless communicationsystems, several fundamental issues must be resolved.First, a design methodology must be devised and tested.Next, a low-cost solution for the integration of MEMStechnology into existing MMIC processes must bedeveloped as well as a reliable packaging scheme. Finally, a robust platform of design guidelines, tools, andcharacterization techniques must be made available toensure reliable implementation of these communicationsystems. More specifically, the effort will focus on thesetasks: developing a computer-aided design environment forthe robust implementation of MMICs and MEMS as wellas the generation of reliable design guidelines;implementing a robust MEMS process for the fabricationof switches, filters, and tunable capacitors; integration ofMEMS components into a reliable and well-establishedMMIC process; devising a low-cost and reliable packagingsolution for RFICs. Executions of these tasks will makeuse of the existing infrastructure and expertise of theprincipal investigators in the related areas. These willdefine several design-build-test cycles that will beoptimized through several iterations during the course of the project. Special attention will be devoted todemonstrating the feasibility of these various tasks.Moreover, a testbed prototype will be implemented tovalidate the proposed flow and assess the hardwareadvantages of the designed RFICs.


Measurement and Test of Components for OpticalCommunication ApplicationsJ. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Angert, Z. DengXindium Technologies, Inc.

High-speed optical communication systems are presentlyimproving in speed in response to ever-increasingbandwidth requirements of users. Demand for high-speeddigital access will dramatically increase in the future,leading to many opportunities in this area. In order toeconomically meet the needs of future high bit ratesystems, significant changes to component and systemarchitectures will be required. Current commercial systemsoperating at 2.5 Gb/s (OC-48) data rates are implementedat present using discrete InGaAs photodetectorswirebonded to electronic integrated circuits for signalprocessing. At bit rates of up to 2.5 Gb/s, an InGaAsphotodetector or APD is coupled to sophisticated Si-basedelectronics with high levels of functional integration torealize photoreceiver modules that incorporate logicthresholding, clock and data timing recovery, anddemultiplexing functions in a single package. Advancedsignal processing, including coding and decoding for errorcorrection is also implemented in the transceiver circuitry.The objective of this project is the measurement of high-speed components to 50 GHz. The measurements areperformed in the Electromagnetics Laboratory, wherehigh-frequency and high-speed testing instruments areavailable.

Modeling and Simulation of Embedded Transmission Line StructuresJ. Schutt-Ainé,* F. LiuRaytheon Systems

Embedded transmission line (ETL) structures have becomevery commonplace in many high-frequency and high-speed electronic systems; however, the analysis and designtools needed for their design are not readily available. The objective of this effort is the modeling, extraction, and simulation of three-dimensional complex interconnectstructures embedded in multilayer structures. The focus ofthe work will be on the development of software tools thatfacilitate and automate the designer’s task. The tools willbe based on recently developed electromagnetic parameterextraction techniques to determine the electrical parasiticcapacitance and inductance coefficients of these structures.These parameters can next be used with efficientsimulation algorithms to predict the signal response ofETL structures and provide information about noiseimmunity and high-speed performance. This will permitthe generation of reliable design guidelines as well as asignificant reduction in the time to market.

National Course in Signal IntegrityJ. Schutt-Ainé*IEEE CPMT; National Science Foundation

Signal integrity has become a critical area in the design ofhigh-speed communications systems and fast computers.Many research areas have emerged from industry anduniversities to address issues related to electricalperformance. However, the educational infrastructure isseriously lagging. The goal of the National Course inSignal Integrity project (http://natcsi.ece.uiuc.edu) projectis to establish a web-based educational platform that willprovide the education necessary for aggressive packagingschemes in the area of signal integrity. This is achieved byproviding a better understanding of electromagneticsproblems and through the use of modeling and simulationtools. With the emergence of visualization tools and onlinesimulation packages, access to both qualitative andquantitative answers is immediate. In addition to thestandard components of web-based courses, we havefocused our attention on two major components. In thefirst part of the project, a Movie Creator was implementedto allow the incorporation of taped lectures into a websitewith synchronization between the audio and videocomponents. In the second part of the project, an efficientPerl/Java interface was created that permits the executionof signal integrity modeling and simulation CAD tools inthe web server. The study of signal integrity issues isstrongly dependent on the ability to simulate and modelsignal propagation. This task seeks to supply circuitmodeling and simulation capabilities using state-of-the-arttechniques and analysis tools that were previouslydeveloped. A combination of visualization tools and theability to perform online simulations can provide studentswith immediate access to both qualitative and quantitativeanswers. Using our newly developed tool, simulationresults can be displayed and examined in a web browsershortly after execution. This unique feature of executingCAD software via the Web will be a major asset inlearning environment.

ElectromagneticsAntennas for Wireless SensorsJ. T. [email protected]. Office of Naval Research through the NCASSRProgram/NCSA

The emergence of wireless sensor systems promises tochange the way we control our environments, makedecisions, and promote health and safety. While numerous


research projects on wireless sensors exist, very fewaddress the critical technology of antennas that enablewireless communication. Several projects in this areapropose to use standard off-the-shelf antennas, but thischoice often limits the capabilities of the system byignoring the unique requirements and environment of theapplication. In this project, we are developing both ageneral methodology for the development of antennas forwireless sensor systems as well as several designs forspecific applications.

Electromagnetic Study of Integrated Hearing Aid AntennasJ. T. Bernhard*[email protected] Communications

Coordinated signal processing between hearing aids allowshearing-impaired individuals to focus on conversationswithout having to listen to background noise. A wiredconnection between the hearing aids and a centralprocessing unit makes the system more obtrusive thantraditional hearing aids. This research project clarifies and predicts performance with both in-the-ear and behind-the-ear hearing aid antennas.

Intelligent Portable Antenna Systems forHigh-Speed Wireless CommunicationJ. T. Bernhard*[email protected] Science Foundation CAREER Award, ECS 99-83460

High-speed wireless data communication faces twochallenges: high error rates caused by interference andunpredictable environments, and limited functionality andbattery life at the portable unit. “Intelligent” or “smart”antenna systems that respond to changing operatingconditions can help meet these challenges. This researchdevelops intelligent portable antenna systems to improvethe reliability, throughput, and noise immunity of high-speed wireless communication networks. Specifically, this project implements new compact radiation-tunableantennas with a performance-driven fuzzy controller. This novel approach views portable antennas as dynamiccomponents of the communication system, creating a new paradigm for antenna design and control.

Low-Profile Radiators in Aperiodic Wideband ArraysJ. T. Bernhard,* P. Mayes, E. [email protected]. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-02-1-0398

This project develops a family of low-profile antennas and associated array methodologies for widebandapplications where traditional periodic patch arraysseverely limit performance. The work includes thedevelopment of specialized simulation tools as well as extensive measurements to characterize both individual and arrayed elements.

Miniaturized Antennas in Random Sensor Arrays for Planetary Surface and Atmosphere ExplorationJ. T. Bernhard,* A. C. Singer, P. E. Mayes, E. [email protected] Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG3-2840

In this project, we are developing size-appropriate,electrically small (miniaturized) antennas with moderatebandwidths for such sensors as well as processingalgorithms for random arrays that enable the sensors towork together to communicate their data to remotecollection sites regardless of their relative positions ororientations. The array will configure itself to form a beamin a general direction that can be intercepted by a passingorbiter or directed to a particular satellite- or surface-basedreceiver. The project will culminate with a testbeddemonstration using the developed antennas andprocessing algorithms.

Reconfigurable Antennas for High Data RateMultibeam Communication SystemsJ. T. Bernhard,* E. [email protected] Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG3-2555

This research develops new, individually reconfigurableplanar antenna array elements that can be adjusted toprovide multiple beams while providing increased scanangles and higher aperture efficiencies than traditionaldiffraction-limited arrays. With the help of powerfulsimulation capabilities developed under the project, theseantennas will be potential candidates for use in both largeand small arrays for forward inter-satellite communicationas well as tracking of multiple mobile surface-based units.


Wideband Conformal Antennas and ArraysJ. T. [email protected]. Air Force Research Laboratory, FA8718-04-C-0060

This project investigates the fundamental characterizationof suitable wideband conformal microstrip-based antennasas single elements and in arrays and explores possibleapproaches to expand the operating frequency bands andperformance of planar and conformal arrays. Theseapproaches encompass the use of novel substrates andantenna designs, array designs that allow widebandperformance, such as random and connected arraytopologies, and implementation of antenna reconfigurationto enable wideband operation of planar and conformalarrays.

A Wireless Embedded Sensor System to Monitor andAssess Corrosion in the Tendons of PrestressedConcrete GirdersJ. T. Bernhard,* D. A. Kuchma, H. [email protected] Science Foundation, CMS 02-01305

A multidisciplinary team of three researchers withexpertise in the areas of nondestructive evaluation,wireless communication, and structural modeling aredeveloping a wireless embedded sensor system to examinecorrosion of tendons in prestressed concrete girders. The project illustrates the importance of integratingtechnologies and expertise from several fields in solvingcomplex information flow problems.

Fast Algorithms for Cross Talk AnalysisW. C. Chew,* Z. G. Qian, J. Xiong, L. [email protected] 2003-TJ-1123

The goal of this project is to develop fast algorithms forthe rigorous simulation of cross talk inside a computerchip. As computer clock rates increase, cross talkphenomena are becoming more menacing. However, thecomplexity of computer chips also becomes higher withmillions of parts packed into a tiny space. Hence, arigorous analysis generally involves hundreds of thousands to millions of unknowns. There is a need for a fast algorithm to solve this kind of problems so that the turn-around solution time can be reduced. In thismanner, new simulation techniques can be used toascertain cross-talk phenomena inside a computer chip.

Simulation of Antennas on VehiclesW. C. Chew,* I.-T. Chiang, M. S. [email protected] Motors, GMPOTCS92643/92644

This project studies the use of the multilevel fast multipolealgorithm to simulate complex antenna structures on top of vehicles. The simulation software will be used to deriveradiation patterns and input impedance of complexantennas. It is hope that simulation software will replacecomplicated and expensive experiments in the design ofnext generation antennas.

Advanced Integral Equation Computer ProgramJ. Jin,* M. Kowalski, B. SinghMission Research Corp.

The objective of this project is to develop advancedphysics-based basis functions for the integral equationsolution of electromagnetic scattering problems. Suchbasis functions would increase the maximum electricaldimension of structures analyzed using method-of-moments-based computer programs. The simulationcapability will be further enhanced by utilizing amultilevel fast multipole iterative solver.

Fast Frequency-Sweep Analysis of Electromagnetic ProblemsJ. Jin,* D. Jiao, F. LingU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative

This project applies the asymptotic waveform evaluationmethod to a variety of electromagnetic problems for a fast frequency-sweep analysis. These problems includescattering by a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) body,radiation of wire antennas on a PEC body, scattering by adispersive dielectric body, scattering and radiation ofconformal cavity-backed microstrip patch antennas, andmicrostrip circuits in a multiplayer medium. The use ofAWE can speed up the analysis by more than an order ofmagnitude.

High-Order Computational Electromagnetics TechniquesJ. Jin, K. Donepudi, Z. Lou, X. WangAir Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC 4400041703

The objective of this project is to develop high-ordercomputational electromagnetics methods for a variety ofelectromagnetic problems such as antennas, scattering, and


circuits. The high-order methods include the partialdifferential equation based (such as the finite elementmethod) and the integral equation based (such as themethod of moments). These methods are characterized bytheir high-order convergence and can provide much moreaccurate modeling of problem geometry as well as moreaccurate representation of electromagnetic fields andcurrents than traditional low-order numerical methods.

High-Order Hybrid Finite Element Technology forSimulation of Large-Scale Array Antennas Embeddedin Inhomogeneous MediaJ. Jin,* T. Rylander, Z. LouU.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0210

The objective of this project is to develop a high-orderhybrid finite element technique that is capable ofsimulating large array antennas embedded ininhomogeneous media. This includes the development of a novel hybridization technique that combines the finiteelement and boundary integral methods for efficient andaccurate analysis of electromagnetic problems and theanalysis of dielectric-embedded antennas on a large,complex platform, a problem that is of significantimportance to the Navy. It is well known that deployingantennas on a platform, such as a ship’s topside, inevitablyintroduces distortion in their radiation patterns and causesmutual coupling. The distortion in the radiation patternsmay reduce the desired coverage for effectivecommunications and compromise the accuracy forisolating and locating targets. The existence of mutualcoupling, caused by space waves, surface waves, andscattering by the platform, reduces the electromagneticisolation between the antennas and consequently makes itdifficult to operate the antennas simultaneously. Therefore,it is important to develop accurate numerical predictiontools to characterize the radiation patterns and mutualcoupling of the antennas mounted on a complex, oftenlarge, platform.

Hybrid Methods for Electromagnetic ScatteringJ. Jin*U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,Multidisciplinary Research Program of the UniversityResearch Initiative

In this project, researchers develop hybrid numericalmethods to compute electromagnetic scattering fromrealistic three-dimensional targets. These hybrid methodscombine high-frequency techniques (such as the shooting-and-bouncing-ray technique) and low-frequencytechniques (such as the finite-element and integralequation methods) to capitalize on the advantages and

eliminate the disadvantages of both. As a result, they areaccurate and efficient and can be applied to large, complex targets.

Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering by Jet Engine InletsJ. Jin,* K. MaoAir Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC4400041703

The objective of this project is to develop an accurate andefficient numerical technique to characterize the scatteringproperties of jet engine inlets. This program is considereda grand challenge in computational electromagnetics,which is critical for designing low-observable air vehiclesand for developing reliable automatic target recognitiontechniques. New solution algorithms will be developed todeal with huge numerical matrix systems and to suppressnumerical dispersion errors.

Optimal Design of MRI-Guided ElectromagneticHyperthermiaJ. Jin,* M. KowalskiNational Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship

This project concerns with the use of RF electromagneticpower for oncological hyperthermia of deeply seatedcancerous tumors. It is widely recognized that achievingeffective hyperthermia treatment of deep-seated tumorswithin the body without the formation of undesired hot spots is a difficult problem, requiring automaticoptimization procedures. We will deal with this problemby developing an integrated approach that combineselectromagnetics, thermodynamics, and feedback controltheory to develop a design/optimization software. Theapproach will utilize the cutting edge technology (MRI)for guiding the hyperthermia process.

Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Method forElectromagnetic Field ComputationJ. Jin*National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735

The goal of this project is to develop a finite-elementmethod using vector elements for electromagnetic analysisof electronic devices, circuits, antennas, and radarscattering. Special emphasis is on the method’s accuracy,efficiency, and versatility. Both frequency and time-domain methods will be investigated and evaluated.Specific applications will be demonstrated.


Time-Domain Simulation of ElectromagneticPhenomenaJ. Jin, A. Yilmaz, T. RylanderDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F49620-01-1-0228

The objective of this project is to develop novel numericaltechniques to simulate electromagnetic phenomena in thetime domain. The focus is directed toward the FFT-basedtime-domain integral equation solvers and the robust time-domain finite element solvers. In the time-domainintegral equation solvers, the goal is to reduce thecomputational complexity by utilizing the FFT technology.In the time-domain finite element solvers, the emphasis ison the mesh truncation techniques using either perfectlymatched layers or boundary integral equations.

High Frequency Devices38-GHz Ion Implantation GaAs MESFETTechnology Transfer ProgramM. Feng,* J. Middleton, S. K. HsiaNorthrop Grumman Corp.; M/A-Com/Amp


This project is aimed at the technology transfer of theUniversity of Illinois 0.25 mm gate GaAs MESFET for24-GHz and 38-GHz MMICs for LNA and VCO to M/A-Com. for low-cost production.

50-GHz Ion Implanted GaAs MESFETM. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. BeecherTriQuint Semiconductor


This program is to study the 50 GHz to 100 GHz ionimplanted GaAs MESFET for millimeter-wave integratedcircuit application.

50-GHz Ion-implanted Enhanced/Depletion/PowerGaAs MESFETsM. Feng,* H. Hsia, D. Becher, Z. Tang, J. J. Hwang, S. ShenNetwork Device Inc.


This project is to develop enhancement mode, depletionmode, and power mode (E/D/P) GaAs MESFETs operatedat 50 GHz.

50-GHz Self-Aligned Gate MESFETsM. Feng,* D. Becher, D. CaruthVitesse Semiconductor Corp.


We have investigate Vitesse self-aligned gate MESFET forthe analog applications in term of noise gain and power.We have compare performance with the University ofIllinois realigned gate FET with Vitesse and to understanddevice improvement issues.

ADC Circuit Design on a Sigma-Delta ModulatorM. Feng,* M. Heins, D. BarlageU.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-96-0218 (Intel Fellowship)


This project is aimed at design of 3 Gbit/s for an 8-bitADC. Our first goal is to design the subcircuits library of comparator, sample, and hold circuit and OA design of an ADC.

AlGaAs/GaAs HBT ModelingM. Feng,* P. Mares, M. HeinRockwell Microelectronics, Inc.


This project aims to establish a useful SPICE model forHBT integrated circuits application. Our approach is basedon 45-MHz to 50-GHz bias-dependent microwave datacollection on an HBT device using HP-ICCAP.Temperature-dependent microwave data collection will be included in the model.

CAD Design Tools for an Integrated Millimeter-WaveWireless Communication MicrosystemM. Feng,* S. C. Shen, J. J. Hwang, M. HeinsDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F30602-97-2-0328

In collaboration with C. Liu. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory.

We are developing CAD capabilities for a gigahertzwireless communication and distribution microsystems.We are also developing scalable MMIC modules withintegrated MEMS components.


Center of Hyper Uniform Nanophotonic Technologiesfor Ultrafast Optoelectronic SystemsM. Feng,* R. Chan, K. Cimino, W. Hafez, F. [email protected] Advanced Research Project Agency HUNTProgram


The goal of this project is to develop new optical sourcelaser and LED using light emitting transistors modified byquantum well base and DBR to achieve high speedmodulation of optical interconnect.

Development Materials for GaN-based Minority-Carrier Power Electronic Devices for Advanced DoDSystemsM. Feng,* J. Lai, K. PriceDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, GaN PowerProgram (under UTA team-Prof. Russel Dupuis)


This program is to study material interface ofheterjunction, minority carrier transport property in GaNHBT system, since HBT provides high linearity and highefficiency power amplification.

Digital Radar ReceiverM. Feng,* J. FendrichMayo Foundation; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency


This project performs the design and fabrication of an RFfront end (400-700 MHz) fully tunable receiver system.We are working closely with the Mayo Foundation MIT-Lincoln Lab and Defense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency to build two brassboard RF receiver front ends fordigital radar applications.

Direct Ion Implantation GaAs MESFETsM. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Becher, S. ShenGaAstronics Co.


This project is to develop low-cost ion-implanted GaAsMESFETs for 5.8-GHz MMICs.

GaAs- and InP-based HBT ReliabilityM. Feng,* D. Barlage, M. HeinsU.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-94-0369


This project is to set up an HBT reliability test. HBTreliability has become a major issue because ofheterostructure interface and fast diffuse p-type impuritiesin both InP- and GaAs-based HBTs. We will test HBTdevices from Rockwell, Hughes, and TRW for the basicfailure mechanism.

GaN HBT TechnologyM. Feng,* J. J. HuangU.S. Navy, UTA 99-0302


GaN has great potential to be a power source in millimeterwave ICs and high-speed electronics due to its largebreakdown voltage and higher saturation velocity. In collaborate with Prof. Dupuis at the University of Texasat Austin, we have fabricated GaN HBT with beta >100.There are many problems to be solved in terms of currentand power efficiency issues at millimeter wave frequency.

High-Frequency Measurement Project on High-Tc SuperconductorM. Feng,* J. Fendrich, H. S. K. HsiaNational Science Foundation, DMR 89-20539

In conjunction with the Science and Technology Center for Superconductivity. Conducted in the Micro andNanotechnology Laboratory.

This project has contributed to the study of BKBO andYBCO film characterization at microwave and terahertzfrequencies. A parallel-plate resonator (10 GHz) was built to characterize sheet resistance in the microwavefrequency. A noncontact coherent time-domainspectroscopy (THz) was used to characterize real andimaginary parts of conductivity. An on-wafer cryogenicmicrowave probing technique (1-40 GHz, 15-300K) isemployed to establish patterned film scattering parameter.This work also aims to develop engineering modelparameters using a GHz on-wafer probe technique.


Hybrid and Monolithic OEIC ReceiversM. Feng*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Center forOptoelectronics Science and Technology


This project is aimed at hybrid integration of a PIN/GaAstransimpedance amplifier at 20 GHz operation. Themonolithic IC is involved in design and fabrication of 4-channel OEIC receivers using GaAs MESFETtechnology.

InGaAs/InP BiFET for ADC ApplicationsM. Feng,* D. W. Seo, H. Hsia, Z. TangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97-C-8618


We have developed a 200-GHz InGaAs/InP HFET andintegrated it with a 200-GHz HBT. Using this technology,we will construct a fifth-order Sigma-Delta ADC for a 16-bit and 3 FDR > 100 dbc.

InGaP HBT for ADC ApplicationsM. Feng,* D. W. Seo, J. Mu, M. HeinsDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-96-C-8615


We are developing an InGaP HBT device model (thermaland electrical model) for implantation into MDS andHSPICs. The second-order Sigma-Delta ADCs with 5Gbits and 8-bit resolution has been designed, simulated,and fabricated.

Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (II) (IVHS)M. Feng,* H. HsiaNorthrop Grumman Corp.


This project is a follow-up of the TRP/DARPA contractbased on the success of the University of Illinois 24-GHzand 38-GHz GaAs MESFET MMIC for LNA and VCO.The new contract is aimed at low-cost implementation of a0.1 mm gate GaAs MESFET and MMIC by direct ionimplantation for 77-GHz LNA and VCO collision avoidance radar.

Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (IVHS)M. Feng,* P. Apostolakis, J. MiddletonNorthrop Grumman Corp.


This project is a joint development effort between theUniversity of Illinois and Northrop Grumman Corp. onmillimeter-wave IC chip sets for IVHS. We will designtransmitter, receiver, mixer, and oscillator millimeter-waveICs using co-planar technology. The mask and fabricationwill use University of Illinois ion implanted, super-low-noise GaAs MESFETs, and a monolithic IC process.

Millimeter Wave Technology HBT and HFETM. Feng*Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc.


We will design and fabricate MOCVD-grown, dopedchannel HFETs and InGaP and AlGaAs HBTs. We willcharacterize these devices and optimize their performancefor 24- to 77-GHz applications.

Millimeter-Wave ICs and PackagesM. Feng*Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF Package Research Center


This project is to develop 38-GHz and 77-GHz coplanarMMICs for flip chip packages.

MOCVD HEMT TechnologyM. Feng,* Z. TangSumitomo Chemical America, Inc.


We will investigate the performance of MOCVD grown P-HEMT and HEMT technology and its performancecomparison between MESFETs and MBE-grown HEMTs.


Modeling of Flip Chip Interconnects for RF/WirelessM. Feng,* J. Schutt-AineGeorgia Institute of Technology, NSF ERC PackageResearch Center, SBC GIT E21-N50-G5


The next generation of wireless personal communicationlinks and wireless LAN and WAN will be focused in themillimeter wave range due to wide bandwidths and lessinterference effects. This work is to develop a low-costsolution of millimeter-wave MMICs flip chip technology.This work will provide the design, simulation, and processof MMICs operating at 38 GHz for a real application inpoint-to-point communication links. The Georgia TechPRC will provide the flip chip package technology.

Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits TechnologyM. Feng*Northrop Grumman Corp.


This project is a joint effort with Northrop GrummanCorp. for developing 0.25 mm gate and 0.1 mm gate GaAsFET-based technology for the application in monolithicmillimeter wave ICs (MMWICs). Based on the high-frequency device characterization, an equivalent circuitmodel will be generated. This model will then be used forMMWIC design. The fabrication of the MMWICs will be demonstrated.

Noise Characterization of Self-Aligned Gate GaAs MESFETsM. Feng*ITT Corp.


This project aims to reduce the minimum noise figure on the direct ion-implanted self-aligned GaAs MESFETsbased on the design of experiments in terms of dose andgate overlay.

Novel Giga Sampling Analog-to-Digital Conversion for Direct Digital ReceiverM. Feng,* D. W. SeoNational Science Foundation, ECS-9979341


We proposed novel GHz ADC architecture, the folding andinterpolation-based 15-bit subrange A/D converter, will

reduce the transistor count by one-third and the area by60%. The subrange ADC requires a very precise and wide-band track and hold amplifier to maximize inputbandwidth to great than 2 GHz and converter resolution to greater than 15 bits.

Optical Correlation Spectroscopy Using Reconfigurable Diffraction GratingM. Feng,* Q. He, K. F. Chen, J. J. HuangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency Center(DARPA) BOSS Program, MDA972-00-1-0020

Under Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyCenter for Bio-Optical Sensor System. In collaborationwith K. Y. Cheng. Conducted in the Micro andNanotechnology Laboratory.

Sponsored by DARPA, the goal of this program is todevelop a nano spectrometer for biological and chemicalagents detection. Our group is to design and fabricate re-configurable grating using novel MEMS switch. It is capable of detecting 3-10 mm wavelength.

Technology for Efficient, Agile Mixed Signal MicrosystemsM. Feng,* R. Chan, K. F. Chen, W. G. HoDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, TEAM Program

Under BAE Systems and collaboration with Greg Timp.Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory.

The goal is to develop silicon RF CMOS with Ft andFmax > 400GHz with 20 nm gate. The RF mixed signalcircuits will be developed based the fastest RF CMOStechnology.

Technology for Frequency Agile Digitally Synthesized TransmitterM. Feng,* J. Lai, M. Hafez, M. Hampson, D. Chan, B. Chu-KungDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency TFASTProgram

Under BAE Systems and Vitesse Semiconductor.Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory.

The goal is to develop InP DHBT with Ft and Fmax > 500GHz with sub-micron scaling of emitter size down to 0.1micron. The technology is also required to demonstrateFlip-Flop speed over 200 GHz. A VLSI InP technology ofover 10,000 transistor level of mixed signal Direct DigitalSynthesizer (DDS) will be developed.


VCSEL and Smart Pixels for VLSI PhotonicsM. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr., K.-Y. Cheng, K. C. HsiaDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DAAG55-98-1-0303


This project is to develop oxide confined VCSELs at 85 nm and 1330 nm, as well as smart pixels for VSLIphotonics.

Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si-Based Quantum ComputersM. Feng,* R. Chan, C. ChuangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, QuantumComputer Program, DAAD19-01-1-0324

In collaboration with John Tucker. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory.

The goal is to place individual phosphorus donors intosilicon with atomic precision, demonstrate electroniccontrol over wavefunction overlap, and characterize thespin singlet and triplet states of the two-electron system on couple donor pairs.

YBCO Superconducting Transmission LineCharacterizationM. Feng,* J. FendrichSuperconductor Technology Inc.


This project studies the design rule of MCM using asuperconductor as an interconnect line. Loss and phasedelay are compared between gold and the superconductorline. Bit-error-rate and crosstalk will also be examined.

Magnetic ResonanceStudies of Relational (Declarative) Memory ProcessingN. J. Cohen, A. G. Webb*National Science Foundation, DBI 0092400


This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging inhumans for identifying areas of the brain involved inmemory processing.

Studying Neurovascular Coupling in Aging withOptical MethodsM. Fabiani, M. D’Esposito, E. Gratton, G. Gratton, A. Kramer, E. McAuley, A. G. Webb*National Institutes of Health


This area of research is concerned with using functionalmagnetic resonance imaging and near-infraredspectroscopy to study the effects of aging on brainstructure and function.

Analysis and Design of RF Resonators forMRI ApplicationsJ. Jin,* R. L. Magin, A. G. WebbNational Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735

RF resonators, also known as RF coils, RF antennas, andelectromagnetic probes, are crucial devices for obtaininghigh-quality magnetic resonance images for clinicaldiagnosis. In this project, researchers develop numericalmethods for analysis and design of such resonators forMRI applications. Specific mathematical models will bedeveloped for low- and high-field MRI systems, whichmay include high-frequency phase variation and bioeffect dosimetry for RF fields.

Constrained Spectroscopic ImagingZ. P. Liang,* P. C. Lauterbur*National Institutes of Health, 1R01CA51430-01A4


Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging promises toprovide an entirely new way to examine the dynamics of human biochemical processes in vivo noninvasively.However, its practical applications have been limitedbecause of low sensitivity and long imaging time. The primary objective of this research is to developmathematical methods to effectively utilize the readilyavailable anatomical information to constrain the spectraldistribution to reduce imaging time without compromising spatial resolution.


Functional Brain ImagingZ. P. Liang,* J. JiNational Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; BeckmanInstitute for Advanced Science and Technology

Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Scienceand Technology

The primary objective of this project is to develop newsignal-processing algorithms for detecting brain activitiesfrom functional MRI data. Researchers are investigating awavelet-transform-based filtering and t-test method forsignal detection and a multiscale method for imageregistration and motion correction.

MR Imaging of Time-Varying ObjectsZ. P. Liang,* Y. Bresler,* J. Ji, A. Sen Gupta, A. GuoNational Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; NationalInstitutes of Health, NIH-R21-HL062336


Conventional MR imaging techniques have been widelyused to obtain high-resolution images from stationaryobjects. For time-varying objects such as the beating heart,however, significant image artifacts often arise that renderthe image useless. This project aims to develop a newclass of data acquisition and image reconstruction methodsfor real-time imaging of cardiac structures and functions.

An Integrated NMRR. L. Magin,* A. G. WebbNational Science Foundation, DBI 96-05829


Microlithographic and MEMS technology are being usedto integrate the individual components of the receiver fornuclear magnetic resonance. This leads to advantages inpackaging for planar microcoils and increases in thesignal-to-noise ratio.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms: Appetitive and Aversive EmotionG. Miller, W. Heller, M. Banich, A. G. Webb*National Institutes of Drug Addiction


The goal is to use functional magnetic resonance imagingto study the effects of aversive emotion tasks in humans.

Optimized Hyperthermia Treatment of Prostate CancerUsing a Novel Intracavitary Ultrasound ArrayN. Smith, R. Keolian, V. Sparrow, L. Harpster, A. G.Webb*Department of Defense, DAMD17-02-1-0124


This collaboration designs ultrasound transducer arrays for destroying prostate cancer via thermal ablation.

Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceJ. V. Sweedler, A. G. Webb*National Institutes of Health, PHS 2 RO1 GM53030-04


This project designs NMR microcoils for studyingchemical separation processes, and involves theconstruction of multicoil probeheads.

Investigation of Pore-scale Processes that Affect Soil Vapor ExtractionA. Valocchi, C. Werth, A. G. Webb*Department of Energy, DOE DEFG07-99ER 15007


This project uses magnetic resonance imaging to study the dissolution of pollutants in various sands and soils.

Applications of NMR Microspectroscopy to Combinatorial ChemistryA. G. Webb,* R. Subramanian, J. V. SweedlerSmith Kline Beecham


Combinatorial chemistry is the most recently developedsynthetic pathway whereby up to a million new therapeuticdrugs can be produced simultaneously. The very smallquantities of material (less than 100 pmoles) precludestructural identification by traditional high-resolutionNMR. Our efforts are concentrated on designing RFmicrocoils for operation at high magnetic fields (>11 T) for efficient detection of these chemical products.


In Vivo MRI Thermometry Using New Functional Imaging AgentsA. G. Webb*Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Foundation


Fluorine- and proton-based phase-transition agents arebeing synthesized for in vivo temperature mapping usingmagnetic resonance imaging. Applications to hyperthermiatreatment of cancer are being investigated.

Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceA. G. Webb,* J. V. SweedlerNational Institutes of Health, PHS 1R01GM53030-01


The aim is to develop microscopic hardware so that single-cell imaging and spectroscopy experiments can berun using the model system Aplysia californica. Usingtechniques such as diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, thephysical environment of neuropeptides within vesicles can be determined, giving valuable information on themode of action of these metabolites.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingA. G. Webb*National Science Foundation, DBI 97-22320


Using microscopic NMR coils and small magnetic fieldgradients, the resolution of NMR microimaging cantheoretically be improved to 1 to 2 cubic microns.Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that limitresolution and devising new methods to overcome theselimitations. Biological experiments on spinal cord tissueare also planned.

Subcellular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ImagingA. G. Webb*National Science Foundation, DBI-9722320


The goals involve the design of radio frequency NMRmicrocoils for single cell spectroscopy and imaging.

Ultrahigh Field Probes for Magnetic ResonanceImaging and SpectroscopyA. G. Webb,* S. J. Blackband, T. H. MareciNational Science Foundation


Nuclear magnetic resonance microprobes are beingconstructed for operation at the highest frequency magnets in the world at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Tallahassee, Fla. Coil characterizationincludes measurements of self-resonant frequencies andmagnetic susceptibility for different geometries. High-resolution spectroscopy and microimagingexperiments are being performed.

Optical and Discharge PhysicsStartup Processes in Metal Halide LampsJ. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner, R. Moss, A. Bhoj, T. Sommerer (GE)General Electric R&D Center

High pressure, metal halide lamps are typically the lightingsources used for street lamps, stadiums, warehouses, andother large indoor arenas. Metal halide lamps start as roomtemperature, glow discharges. Upon heating, metal-halidecompounds in the lamps vaporize to generatemultiatmosphere pressure plasmas, which then producenearly continuum radiation. The starting process usuallyinvolves applying high-voltage pulses to tens to onehundred Torr of Ar gas with a small admixture of mercuryor another low ionization potential rare gas. Optimizingthis process will ultimately produce longer lived, morereliable lamps. In this research project, advanced computermodeling and laser diagnostics are being used toinvestigate the fundamental plasma processes that occurduring startup of metal-halide lamps. Of particular interestare the plasma-surface interactions on the cathode thatresult in sputtering of cathode materials. Methods tominimize sputtering without using costly exotic materialsare being formulated.


Optical ImagingCAREER: Functional Optical Coherence Tomography for Neural ImagingS. A. Boppart,* B. C. Wheeler, W. T. Greenough, R. [email protected] Science Foundation, BES 03-47747


Functional optical coherence tomography (fOCT) is beingdeveloped to noninvasively track optical changes in neuraltissue that occur during electrical activity. In analogy tofunctional MRI, this new technique will permit theanalysis of not only neural structure at high resolutions,but also physiological function at the cellular andmolecular level. The use of noninvasive optical techniquescan overcome many of the current technical limitations inneurophysiology encountered in the use of single-pointmicropipette recordings, the use of complex parallel banksof sensitive electronics, or the use of voltage-sensitivedyes that are toxic to cells over extended periods of time.

High-Resolution Optical Imaging of Biological Cellsand Tissue Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Multiphoton MicroscopyS. A. Boppart*[email protected] of Electrical and Computer Engineering;Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphotonmicroscopy (MPM) are two emerging high-resolutionoptical imaging techniques. OCT is analogous toultrasound, except reflections of near-infrared light aredetected (rather than sound). With micron-scale resolutionsand real-time acquisition rates, OCT has been applied to a wide range of biological and medical specialties.An integrated microscope combining these twocomplementary optical techniques is being constructed.OCT can image cell and tissue microstructure while MPMis used to label the cell’s site specifically using fluorescentmarkers. This integrated microscope will be a powerfulinvestigative tool for imaging biological processes and fordiagnosing medical and surgical pathology.

Optical Biopsy of Cancer using Optical Coherence TomographyS. A. Boppart,* J. J. Coleman, K. D. Choquette, M. Shahidi, R. Folberg, T. [email protected] of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign andUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Intercampus ResearchInitiative on Biotechnology


The high-resolution, real-time imaging capabilities ofoptical coherence tomography (OCT) allow for theacquisition of “optical biopsies” of tissue. Imagesapproaching the level of histology can be acquired withoutthe physical resection and processing of tissue that iscommon practice today. A compact and portable OCTsystem is being constructed for clinical use in localhospitals and at the University of Illinois at Chicago. This system will be used to identify various stages ofcancer growth as well as metastases and be compareddirectly to results obtained with histology, the gold-standard for diagnosis. In certain clinical scenarios, the use of real-time OCT may replace the need for tissue excision and analysis.

Optical Coherence Tomography of Cardiovascular DevelopmentS. A. Boppart*[email protected] Heart Association, #0355396Z


The development and function of the cardiovascularsystem is a complex process that too frequently results instructural or functional congenital abnormalities. Withrecent advances in functional genomics, it is not possibleto site-specifically modify the genome to elucidate thegenetic causes of these heart defects. Optical coherencetomography (OCT) and Doppler OCT are being used toimage and characterize both structural and functionalchanges that occur in the cardiovascular system. Data fromthese studies are likely to improve our ability to visualizethe effects of not only structural changes, but alsofunctional changes in cardiac performance.


Optical Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence TomographyS. A. Boppart,* K. S. [email protected] Whitaker Foundation


Contrast agents enhance the diagnostic ability of imagingtechnologies. Unlike virtually every other imagingmodality, no contrast agents currently exist for opticalcoherence tomography (OCT). The goal of this project isto develop novel protein-coated encapsulating microspherecontrast agents that alter the OCT imaging beam and canbe targeted to specific cell and tissue types such as cancer.Microspheres have been developed and tested in vitro andin vivo, demonstrating their use for enhancing the reflectedoptical signal. This new class of contrast agent has thepotential to improve the diagnostic capabilities of OCT.

Optical Imaging of Dynamic Three-DimensionalEngineered TissuesS. A. Boppart,* D. E. Leckband, T. [email protected] Institutes of Health, #1 R01 EB00108-1


Engineered tissues are advancing from thin layers ofpatterned cells to complex three-dimensional tissues grown on micropatterned three-dimensional biocompatiblescaffolds. To emulate the physiologic environment,mechanical forces during tissue growth will play a crucial role. This project is developing advanced three-dimensional optical imaging techniques for visualizing thecell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during the growth ofengineered tissues under static and dynamic mechanicalforces. Primary engineered tissues of interest includeblocks of cardiac myocytes and endothelial cell-linedvascular constructs.

Tissue Engineering the Next Generation of Human Skin ReplacementsS. A. Boppart,* M. A. Shannon, T. E. Eurell, L. J. [email protected] of Illinois Creative Research Initiative


The advent of microfabrication and micropatterningtechniques has resulted in a new set of tools for creating

cell culture scaffolds that mimic native tissue. It is possible to produce multidimensional scaffolds withmicrostructures on the size-scale of individual cells,making direct manipulation possible at the cellular scale.This project is investigating methods by which morerobust and physiologically-compatible skin replacementscan be fabricated. Initial studies are focused on imagingand understanding the cell-cell interactions, adhesions, andbiomechanics of monolayer skin cell cultures subjected tomechanical forces. Subsequent investigations will includethe effects of modifying culture surface morphology andthe influence of multiple cell layers.

A Nonlinear Optical Coherence Tomography Systemfor Biomolecular Detection and InterventionS. A. Boppart,* M. Gruebele, D. D. Dlott, B. Kitchell, D. [email protected] Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,#NAS2-02057


Nonlinear optical techniques, such as coherent anti-StokesRaman scattering (CARS) microscopy, offer the advantagefor detecting specific molecular bonds within cells. This project is developing a nonlinear interferometricvibrational imaging technique that will enable the three-dimensional spatial mapping of molecular compositionwithin living cells and tissues. This novel technique willbe used to detect biomolecular signatures that are specificto precancerous and malignant cells. High-intensityultrashort optical pulses will be used subsequently toablate abnormal cells.

Near-field Optical Power-Extinction TomographyP. S. Carney,* V. Markel, J. C. Schotland, E. Wolf, G. S. [email protected]. Air Force Multidisciplinary Research Program of theUniversity Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379;National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265


Near-field optical power-extinction tomography (NOPET)represents the intersection of total internal reflectiontomography (TIRT) and optical power-extinctiontomography (OPET) where the probe beams of OPET arereplaced with evanescent waves as in TIRT for sampleillumination. With this technique it is possible to produce


sub-wavelength resolved tomographs of scattering objectsfrom the power lost from the probe fields.

Near-field Scanning Optical TomographyP. S. Carney,* J. C. [email protected] Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265


Near-field scanning optical tomography (NSOT) exploresthe extension of imaging modalities such as photonscanning tunneling microscopy (PSTM) and near-fieldscanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to samples thatcontain three-dimensional structure or when the probe tip is not scanned in grazing proximity to the sample. We solve the linearized inverse scattering problem toproduce sub-wavelength resolved tomographs of the object under these conditions.

Optical Power-Extinction TomographyP. S. Carney,* E. Wolf, G. S. [email protected] Research Award; U.S. Air ForceMultidisciplinary Research Program of the UniversityResearch Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379


Optical power-extinction tomography (OPET) makes use of the power lost from two coherent beams, whichsimultaneously interrogate a scattering object, to generatea tomograph (three-dimensional image) of that object in a similar manner as computed axial tomography (CAT)makes use of the attenuation of individual beams of x-raysthrough an absorbing object to generate a tomograph. Weare currently developing a prototype instrument. Initialresults are promising.

Photon Scanning Tunneling MicroscopeP. S. Carney*[email protected] of Illinois


A photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is adevice where the object is illuminated by an evanescentwave generated at the face of a prism or slide and the fieldis detected via a fiber probe in the near-zone of the sample

(as in near-field scanning optical tomography). The data obtained with a PSTM are not amenable to directinterpretation, but we show sufficient information exists inthe raw data to numerically compute the two-dimensionalstructure of a thin sample, thus achieving a computationallens for the near-field. Demonstration of this work has justbeen accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters.

Total Internal Reflection TomographyP. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland, R. A. Frazin; D. G. Fischer (NASA)[email protected], NAG3-2764


Total internal reflection tomography (TIRT) is an imagingmodality that makes use of the evanescent waves toilluminate and probe a sample. The probe depth iscontrolled through the exponential decay of the evanescentwave. In principle, this form of illumination can alsoenable super-resolved imaging where features smaller than a wavelength can be resolved. To take practicaladvantage of this capability, it is necessary to solve theinverse scattering problem that is the focus of this project.We are currently constructing an instrument to take theappropriate measurements.

Plasmon-Resonant Nanorods as MultifunctionalContrast Agents for Optical Coherence TomographyA. Wei,* S. A. [email protected] Institute of Biomedical Imaging andBioengineering, National Institutes of Health, #1 R01EB001777-01


Plasmon-resonant nanoparticles such as nanospheres andnanorods exhibit unique optical absorption and scatteringproperties that can be utilized to enhance image contrast in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Nanorods thatexhibit anisotropic optical properties in living tissue arebeing fabricated. Magnetic domains attached to the end ofthese rods permit directional orientation of the nanorodsand when modulated, enhance sensitivity of detection.These OCT contrast agents are being functionalized totarget tumor cells and because of their high extinctioncoefficients, also act to selectively kill tumor cells throughhyperthermia when irradiated with an intense opticalbeam.


Optical Physics and EngineeringInvestigation of Carbon Nanotube Nano-OpticsP. S. Carney*[email protected] Science Foundation NER Grant, 0210495


Carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires are tinyobjects (1000 times thinner than a human hair) that haverecently drawn considerable attention in the scientific andengineering communities because of their novel structuraland electrical properties. We will theoretically investigatethe optical and optoelectronic properties of thesestructures.

Optical BiosensorsB. T. [email protected] Biosystems


An optical biosensor is used to rapidly screen protein-small molecule interactions that are not easily screened by other methods. The assay is based upon a sensortechnology called a “photonic crystal” structure that isinexpensively manufactured from sheets of plastic filmand incorporated into disposable microplates. Byeliminating the need for a label, the assay is lesssusceptible to errors and artifacts caused byconformational change or blocking of active bindingepitopes. It is envisioned that the technology will be usedin the context of a primary screen of a chemical libraryand as a secondary screen for measuring dose-responsecharacteristics of a protein-small molecule combination.

Photonic Crystal Biosensor Nanostructures andMaterials for Advanced PerformanceB. T. Cunningham*[email protected] Science Foundation


The specific aims of the research project investigate meansfor advancing the state-of-the-art for photonic crystalbiosensor performance and applications. Sensor designswill be approached first by computer simulation usingrigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and finite

difference time domain (FDTD) methods, followed byfabrication and testing of the structure. The design goalswill be to produce more narrow resonant spectra, highersurface/volume ratio, and higher electromagnetic fieldinteraction with adsorbed material than first-generationdesigns. The incorporation of different materials toincrease surface electromagnetic field intensity, andstructures to maximize the interaction of the field withadsorbed biomolecules, will be demonstrated.

Tunable Optical Filters Using Photonic Crystals and Nonlinear DyesB. T. [email protected]


Photonic crystal narrowband reflectance filters can bedesigned with resonant wavelengths over the visibleportion of the light spectrum and may have utility ascountermeasures against laser-based systems designed to induce temporary or permanent blindness in pilots. A photonic crystal that would block laser illumination atspecific wavelengths while allowing all other wavelengthsto reach the pilot’s eyes could be incorporated into thevisor of a fighter pilot. In addition, a photonic crystal-based visor might incorporate nonlinear dye material thatwould rapidly respond to hostile laser illumination andwould allow controllable tuning of the filtered wavelength.

Arrays of Microdischarges: A New Generation of Lighting SourcesJ. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner,* N. P. Ostrom, S. McCain, A. Bhoj, K. Rajaraman, I. MitchellElectric Power Research Institute, EP-P6654/C3385

This experimental and computational program is devotedto investigating diatomic molecules as efficient emittersfor lamps. The microdischarge serves as the platform with which a wide variety of diatomics (excimers, metal-halides, etc.) will be studied. A close linkagebetween experimental results and theoretical predictions is a key element of this research effort.

Equipment for Machining of Microdischarge DevicesJ. G. Eden,* C. Herring, J. Gao, A. OldenburgU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-99-1-0106

Under the DOD DURIP program, equipment is beingpurchased to facilitate the fabrication of microdischargedevices in silicon and other materials systems. A 1-kHz


pulse repetition frequency Ti:sapphire regenerativeamplifier will be used with an existing oscillator toablatively machine microchannels in silicon for use inarrays of discharge devices. Also, vacuum ultravioletoptics enabling arrays of sub-50 mm diameter cylindricalchannels to be machined in Si metals or SiO2 at 193 nmhave been obtained. The introduction of polymer films intothese multilayer devices as dielectrics or emission down-converters is another thrust of this program.

Experimental Studies of Microdischarge Devices and ArraysJ. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, S. Kim, P. Galvez, J. TangU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-99-1-0317

This research program is focused on fabricating andexamining the properties of arrays of microdischargedevices. A variety of processes (wet and dry chemicalprocessing, laser ablation, and ultrasonic milling) areemployed to fabricate cylindrical and pyramidal cathodesin silicon as part of a multilayer structure suitable forlarge-scale production. The properties of arrays and single devices operating in the rare gases are of particular interest, and emphasis is being placed on the characteristics of devices smaller than 50 mm.

Fabrication of Large Area, High DensityMicrodischarge Arrays on Flexible SubstratesJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Science Foundation; Anvik Corporation

In collaboration with the Anvik Corporation, thefabrication of large arrays of microcavity dischargedevices on flexible substrates is being pursued. Excimerlaser micromachining techniques, combined with roll-to-roll processing, are attractive for inexpensivelymanufacturing microdischarge devices in large area arrays.

Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical PhenomenaJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Grumman Corp.

Experiments are being conducted in which ultrafast laserpulses (~100-150 fs) produce ionized filaments in air orother gases. Peak optical field intensities exceeding 1013

W-cm-2 are sufficient to produce stable channels havingextraordinary optical and electrical characteristics. In particular, emphasis is being placed on the coherentnonlinear optical processes occurring in these filaments.

Large Microdischarge Arrays: Diagnostic andFabrication EquipmentJ. G. Eden,* A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, J. M. Talmadge, C. Zhu, S. J. ParkU.S. Army Research Office, DAAD19-01-1-0417

Funds have been provided to purchase equipment forexperiments exploring nonlinear optical processes inintense optical fields and the behavior and fabrication of microdischarge devices having dimensions below 100 µm. These equipment items have significantlyimproved the characterization and functionality ofmicrodischarge devices and arrays fabricated in Si andglass. Improvements in the regenerative amplifier of a Ti:Al2O3 femtosecond system, including its pulse energy and bandwidth, have also been made.

Microdischarge Arrays: Phase 2J. G. Eden,* N. P. Ostrom, S. J. Park, K. Chen, S. O. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF EWINGTECHNOLOGY 03-1

The focus of this research program is scaling ofmicrodischarge arrays to 104-105 devices and emittedpower densities of 0.1-1 W-cm–2 in the ultraviolet. Arrays are being fabricated in silicon with devices havinginverted square pyramidal cathodes and polymer ormulticomponent dielectrics. Large arrays have also beensuccessfully constructed and operated in glass in which the pixels are excited with an interdigitated electrodeconfiguration. Several diatomic molecular emitters andexcitation processes are under investigation, with initialemphasis on mid- and near-UV emitters.

Microdischarge Devices and Arrays: Quantum and Coherence EffectsJ. G. Eden,* S. J. Park, C. J. Wagner, N. P. Ostrom, A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, C. Zhu, B. RicconiU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-00-1-0372

A family of photonic devices, known as microdischarges,is being developed under this multiyear program. Based on microplasmas confined to volumes of nanoliters or less,these devices have remarkable properties, including theability to operate as stable glows at atmospheric pressureand with specific power loadings of several tens of kW-cm-3. Single devices and arrays as large as 30 x 30 pixels have been fabricated in silicon, ceramic, andmetal/polymer structures. Many applications, includingbroad-area UV sources, pump sources for microchip lasers,arc lamp ignition, and gas chromatography, are being


pursued. Other research thrusts in this program arefemtosecond spectroscopy of small molecules by coherentnonlinear optical processes and the study of the opticalproperties of nanoparticles for lasers and biosensingapplications.

Microdischarge Long Wave Infrared SourceTechnology DevelopmentJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Grumman Corp.

The characteristics of microcavity plasma devices asemitters in the infrared (5-12 mm) are being studied inexperiments with a variety of device designs.Spectroscopic and power measurements of single devicesand arrays are being carried out in conjunction withtheoretical studies.

Microdischarge Micro-Thruster TechnologyDevelopmentJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Technology Associates

The potential of microcavity discharges as sources ofthrust for small (“pico”) satellites is under investigation.Experiments measuring the electrical characteristics ofrobust device structures, including Ni/BN/Ni designs, arebeing conducted to assess the magnitude of thrustattainable as well as the device lifetime.

Microdischarges and Rare Earth-Doped WaveguideDevices: Visible and Ultraviolet Sources for Lasers and SensorsJ. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, A. Oldenburg, A. Senin, F. Shen,J. ConwayU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-98-1-0030

The demonstration of new sources of ultraviolet andvisible radiation is the thrust of this research program.Current efforts are two-pronged. Microdischarge devicesdeveloped in this laboratory are under study as emissionsources for displays or as chemical sensors. Cylindricaland typically 20 to 400 mm in diameter, thesemicrodischarges have properties (VI characteristics,specific power loading) that are unique and quite attractivefor a variety of applications. The second facet of thisresearch effort is the study of nonlinear optical phenomenaon the sub-100 fs time scale and at intensities exceeding1010 W-cm-2. Using colliding pulse mode-locked andTi:Al2O3 laser systems, wave packet formation, four-wave

mixing, and high-order harmonic generation are beingstudied, both experimentally and theoretically.

Microdischarges for Phased Arrays of Low CoherenceEmitters, and Microchip and Microsphere LasersJ. G. Eden*[email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-03-1-0391

A new family of photonic devices, known as microcavitydischarges, is being developed under this multiyearprogram. Based on microplasmas confined to volumes ofnanoliters (or less) and spatial dimensions of nominally10-100 mm, these devices exhibit remarkable optical andelectrical properties. The fabrication of single devices andarrays as visible or ultraviolet emitters for applications inbiomedical diagnostics, displays, and environmentalsensing is being pursued. Microcavity discharge deviceswith semiconductor cathodes have also been observed to be sensitive detectors of visible and near-infraredradiation, and the properties of these new photodetectorsare under investigation. An emphasis of this program is therealization of two-dimensional arrays of microemitters inwhich adjacent pixels are optically coupled.

Novel Miniature Diagnostic Using Microdischarge TechnologyJ. G. Eden,* C. WagnerNational Science Foundation; SBIR; SBC ETA UI-99-09-P1

This SBIR program is developing chemical sensors based on microdischarges fabricated in a “flow through”geometry. Because of the high specific power loadingsaccessible with microdischarges (> 100 kW-cm-3), arraysof these devices are well suited for the remediation oftoxic gases. The emission spectra of gases flowing througha single 100–400 mm diameter microdischarge arepresently being studied as a diagnostic of molecularfragmentation in the discharge and as a means of detecting impurities in the gas flow stream.

Spatially-Resolved Detection of Weak Magnetic Fields by Laser Magneto-Optical TechniquesJ. G. Eden,* J. Gao,* J. M. Talmadge, R. Roth, A. FaiU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-01-1-0546

Magneto-optical techniques are being developed under this program to detect weak (< 1 nT) magnetic fields forbiomedical applications. By employing epitaxial films ofnovel garnet films in combination with nonlinear optical


processes and synchronous detection, magnetic fields aslow as 10 nT have been detected reliably.

Visible and Infrared Laser SpectroscopyJ. G. Eden,* J. Gao, C. Zhu, A. A. Senin, R. Kogler, D. [email protected] Grumman Corp.

Atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy in the visible,ultraviolet, and infrared is the focus of this research effort.Currently, emphasis is being placed on the spectroscopy ofthe Rydberg states of the neon dimer and rubidium dimers.Excitation spectroscopy of the neon dimer has yielded thefirst rotationally resolved bands as well as observation oftriplet splitting. As a result, structural constants of themolecule have been determined. Femtosecond studies ofthe dissociation of diatomic molecules, observed in realtime, are also being carried out.

Metal Halide Lamp Plasma ModelJ. Gao,* J. G. Eden,* F. ShenAPL Engineered Materials

Calculations of ground and excited state potentials ofexcimer molecules of interest for lamp applications are being carried out. Comparison of experimentalphotoassociation spectra with quantum calculations hasresulted in improved molecular spectroscopic constants for the xenon-monoiodide excimer that emits in the deepultraviolet at 254 nm. The optimization procedure alsoinvolves comparison with emission data, and subsequentstudies will focus on the mercury dimer.

OptoelectronicsNanoscale Chemical-Electrical-MechanicalManufacturing SystemsK. D. Choquette*[email protected] Science Foundation

The objective of the nano-CEMMS center is thedevelopment of a manufacturing capability formanipulation and sensing of materials ultimately at the nanometer scale. To this end, the Photonic DeviceResearch Group is developing optical sources forapplication in the eventual toolbit, which enables a newrevolution of manufacturing. We are developing photoniccrystal vertical cavity lasers that employ photonic crystaleffects in the direction of light propagation. These devicesare promising for the high-power, single-mode operation

that will be required for optical sensing at the toolbit. Theholes inherent to this device are also suitable for materialintroduction pores of the toolbit assembly. In addition, weare developing integrated vertical cavity surface emittinglasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors. Such a device willfind application in fluorescence identification and positionsensing. We are thus pursuing close packed 2-dimensionalarrays of intermeshed VCSELs and photodetectors for useas optical sensors.

Next-Generation Optical Materials and DevicesK. D. Choquette,* J. J. [email protected] Science Foundation

The goal of nanotechnology is to create materials anddevices that exhibit novel and significantly improvedproperties due to their nanoscale size. We are developingnanophotonic light sources with enhanced characteristicsfor future photonic ultra-high-capacity communicationsystems. We seek to combine aggressive advances in 3-dimensional electronic confinement obtained fromquantum dots with the unprecedented optical confinementachieved from photonic crystals to develop the nextgeneration of highly efficient microcavity optical sources.

Photonic Crystal Emitters for Next Generation Light SourcesK. D. Choquette*[email protected] Research Laboratories

We are developing vertical cavity laser sources withenhanced characteristics for future photonic and remotesensing applications. Our devices consist of vertical cavitysurface emitting lasers that are transversely defined by aphotonic crystal. The pursuit of suitable nanotechnologiesrequired for photonic crystal fabrication in a variety ofmaterials is under way. Specifically, electron beam andfocused ion beam lithography are being developed forphotonic crystal fabrication. This work will also focus ontransversely coupled photonic crystal defects, producingcoherently coupled vertical cavity laser arrays.

Photonic Crystal Nanophotonic DevicesK. D. Choquette*[email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research

The objective is to develop nanophotonic devices basedupon photonic crystal nanocavities employing a variety ofsemiconductor material systems. Our goal is to develop the photonic crystal design and processing techniques to


maximize cavity quality values, minimize cavity volume,and minimize waveguide loss. We will also explore novelvertical photonic crystal nanocavities incorporatingquantum dots, and pursue coupling photonic crystalcavities and waveguides for integrated devices with post-processing cavity tuning techniques.

Spatial, Temporal, and Spectral Localization for Advanced Photonic ApplicationsK. D. Choquette,* J. J. [email protected] Advanced Research Project Agency

Future chip-based optoelectronic systems will require anunprecedented decrease of size and operating power, whilesimultaneously incorporating greater functionality andcomplexity. This research program builds on advancedmaterials and device concepts to create a multifunctionalphotonic crystal based photonic integrated circuit thatincorporates quantum dot active regions. We will explorediode injection and extraction to and from engineeredquantum dot structures, integrated with spatial selectivitywithin photonic crystal waveguides and opticalnanocavities. This project will encompass three levels of technology research: system integration, novel devicestructures, and advanced epitaxial growth. In the PhotonicDevice Research Group, our objective is to demonstrate a photonic microsystem composed of an electricallyinjected optical source, compact waveguides, detectors,and optical memory elements.

VCSEL ReliabilityK. D. Choquette*[email protected] Microsystems

We are investigating the reliability of vertical cavitysurface emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating under hightemperature and humidity. This research involves thefabrication of several different VCSEL structures, whichwill be life tested. After testing, the characteristics of theVCSELs will be examined, and in particular the influenceof the laser structure on reliability will be ascertained.

Fiber Optical Force Sensors for Truck Hunting ApplicationsS. L. Chuang,* M. [email protected] of American Railroads

The objective is to develop fiber optical force sensors formeasurement of time-dependent lateral impact force on thetrack for truck hunting applications in railroads. We have

succeeded in two designs of fiber optical force sensorsbased on the attenuation of light transmission due tomicrobending effects. The idea for our applications is touse our fiber sensors for measurements of lateral impactforce as a function of time at various locations on a track.We have previously succeeded in measuring the weigh-in-motion sensor for different waveforms of the force. We will apply our experimental techniques to detect thewheel impact of the side of the track for lateral forcemeasurement. This technology will have potentialapplications for truck hunting.

Fundamental Research on Infrared PhotodetectorsS. L. Chuang,* Y. C. Chang (Physics),* K.-Y. Cheng,* P. D. Coleman, R. Dupuis* (UT–Austin), M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr., K. C. Hsieh,* J. White* (FS Mater. Res. Lab.)[email protected]. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary ResearchProgram of the University Research Initiative Program,DAAD 19-01-1-0591

This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of theUniversity Research Initiative (MURI) project on thefundamental issues of infrared detection. We will focus on the following: investigation of HgCdTe defects usingfirst-principles theory together with optical and electricalcharacterization, which includes nanotechnologycharacterization of both III-V and II-VI materials using the near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) andthe transmission electron microscope (TEM); type IIantimony-based quantum-cascade photodetectors; andquantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) for highsensitivity normal incidence detection. We will alsocollaborate closely with industry and governmentlaboratories.

High-Speed Wavelength-Agile Optical NetworkS. L. Chuang,* I. Adesida,* K. D. Choquette,* S. Lumetta*[email protected] Science Foundation

We propose to explore the architecture and devicedevelopment issues necessary to develop optical local areanetworks (LANs) that are ready to interface with opticalmetropolitan area networks (MANs). Our goal is todevelop a clear plan for integration of multiwavelengthLANs and MANs in order to improve the degree to whichthe benefits of high bandwidth in the MANs are deliveredto end users on the LANs. Our tasks include the following:quantitatively evaluate the impact of wavelengthconversion on network reliability and study the design of


all-optical access architectures that leverage high-speedwavelength conversion and add/drop channel capabilities;design and fabricate tunable laser sources and wavelengthconverters using composite resonator vertical cavity lasers;design and fabricate a novel semiconductor-basedwavelength converter capable of format-transparent andultrafast wavelength conversion; and design and fabricateadd/drop filters and photodetectors.

Model and Design of THz Quantum Cascade LasersS. L. Chuang,* M. Lerttamrab, E. [email protected] Corporation (DARPA Phase-II Award), ARMYSPIRE 2005-206-00

We will carry out modeling and design of candidateterahertz (THz) quantum cascade (QC) laser structureswith the goal of achieving the highest possible laseroperating temperatures. We will also provide devicefabrication and measurement support, as possible withUniversity of Illinois facilities. The basic QC laser designwill involve a chirped superlattice injection layer, based on the A1GaAs/GaAs epitaxial material system.

Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Semiconductor Optical BuffersS. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, H. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency (University of California–Berkeley-prime)

The goal of this project is to develop the theoreticalmodels based on the electromagnetically inducedtransparency effect to design slow-wave devices usingsemiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots. We willdevelop the band structure models of semiconductorquantum dots and quantum wells for optical bufferapplications and calculate the interband, intersubbandtransition matrix elements and the nonlinear opticalsusceptibility spectrum. Experimentally, we willcharacterize semiconductor quantum-dot samples andmeasure the group index of novel semiconductor opticalbuffers, which will be provided by Prof. Chang-Hasnain’sgroup at the University of California–Berkeley.

Modeling of Terahertz Quantum Cascade LasersS. L. Chuang*[email protected] Corporation (AFOSR Sponsor)

We will carry out modeling and design of candidateterahertz (THz) quantum cascade (QC) laser structuresintended for device operation at the highest possibletemperatures, with ultimate room temperature operation

as a goal. The basic QC laser design will involve multi-quantum-well injector and active layers, with the entirestructure utilizing the AlGaAs/GaAs epitaxial materialsystems, which will be grown at Spire Corporation.

Nonlinear Quantum Optical Devices Using Quantum DotsS. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, H. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency (Universityof California-Berkeley-prime), DARPA SA4472-32446

We propose the use of quantum dots (QDs) for slow lightand optical buffer applications. We will develop the theoryof slow light in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and its dependence on physical parameters such as dot size,materials, optical pump intensity, and wavelength. Themajor goal is to achieve variable time delay with a broadbandwidth from 1 GHz to 40 GHz using semiconductorquantum dot devices. We will also explore the applicationsof coherent quantum effects in low-dimensionalsemiconductor structures including quantum dots. This task is part of a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency funded Photonics Center at the University of California-Berkeley and other team members of the center.

Semiconductor Optical Buffers Using Grating Slow-Wave DevicesS. L. Chuang,* M. [email protected] Science Foundation

Optical buffering is essential to optical packet switchimplementations that have been proposed worldwide to overcome future problems with large electronic packet switches. We propose to design and fabricatesemiconductor-based optical buffers by using sampledgratings, Moirè gratings, and chirped Moirè gratings.These gratings will be fabricated using a new method toobtain a photonic bandgap-engineered material that has alarge index contrast, which is essential for group velocityreduction. Our proposed optical buffer, unlike fiber loopdelay lines, is variable by using integrated electro-opticalswitches or current injection. Another significantadvantage is that other semiconductor optoelectronic and optical devices can be integrated with our proposedvariable optical buffers since they are based on the samesemiconductor III-V compounds. The proposed photonicbandgap structure will be fabricated by our collaborator atthe University of California at Berkeley using periodicburied AlOx channels with growth on a patternedsubstrate.


Slow Light in Semiconductor Quantum WellWaveguidesS. L. Chuang,* J. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (University ofCalifornia-Berkeley-prime), AF UCAL SA4455-32432PG

We will develop theory for achieving controllable slow-down of the group velocity in a narrow transparencywindow by applying a pump beam based on themechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) and by applying an electric field to quantum-wellstructures with an electric field bias (or an external pump).We can control the exciton energy levels and wavefunctions. Therefore, we can engineer the slow lighteffects for applications in novel variable optical buffers,which are essential for all-optical networks.

Ultraportable Chemical Sensors Based onChemoresponsive Dye ArraysK. S. Suslick* (Chem. Sci.), S. L. Chuang*HSARPA KS 2838 ANTIC-SC

This project is on the development, integration, andcharacterization of a colorimetric sensor array, includingfurther miniaturization of the sensor array throughnoncontact, nonaqueous inkjet printing and the furtherexploration of new chemoresponsive dyes for improvedarray response. We are responsible for the design anddevelopment of extremely compact and low-energyoptoelectronic readout of the arrays using LEDs and CCD or CMOS photodetector arrays.

Power and Energy SystemsOptimal Power Flow Application Issues in the Pool ParadigmE. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross*The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department;Power Systems Engineering Research Center

The research focuses on the application of the OptimalPower Flow (OPF) to competitive markets. Since the OPFis a central decision-making tool, its application to themore decentralized decision making in the competitiveelectricity markets requires considerable care. There aresome intrinsic challenges associated with the effectiveOPF application in the competitive environment due toinherent characteristics of the OPF formulation. Two suchcharacteristics are the flatness of the optimum surface andthe consequent continuum associated with the optimum. In addition to these OPF structural characteristics, the level

of authority vested in the central decision-making entityhas major ramifications. These factors have wide rangingeconomic impacts with implications that are pronounceddue to the fact that, unlike in the old vertically integratedutility environment, various market players are affecteddifferently. The effects include price volatility, financialhealth of various players, and the integrity of the marketitself. Researchers apply appropriate metrics to evaluatemarket efficiency and how the various players fare.Researchers also study the impacts of OPF applications in the Pool paradigm, with both supply and demand sides explicitly modeled, and use extensive numericalsimulations. The numerical results show the variability ofnodal prices and the skew possible in different “optimal”allocations among competing suppliers. Such variability inthe results may lead to serious disputes among the playersand the central decision-making authority.

Reactive Load Modeling Impacts on Nodal Prices in Pool Model Electricity MarketsE. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross*The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department;Power Systems Engineering Research Center

The project is concerned with the interpretation of nodalprices in competitive electricity markets based on the Pool paradigm. Such prices are the byproducts of theoptimization performed by the independent grid operator(IGO) to determine the centralized economic dispatchtaking into account all the transmission network and thephysical and operational constraints. The IGO implicitlytakes into account congestion considerations indetermining the centralized economic dispatch. Under thePool paradigm, a system marginal price no longer existsand each bus may have different real and reactive powernodal prices due to line losses and congestion avoidanceconsiderations that can arise when the limit of one or moreconstraints is reached. The objective is to explore theeconomic signals provided by these prices and effectivelyapply them in the design of markets and the rules of theroad for these markets. The main focus of the research ison the explicit evaluation of the impacts of the reactiveload on the nodal real and reactive prices. Researchersadopt a rather general model for the representation of thereactive load: the reactive load at each node is representedas an affine function of the real power load at that node;that is, the reactive load is the sum of a constant and aconstant power factor component. This model includes asspecial cases the constant reactive load and the constantpower factor load including the case of purely real loadcorresponding to unity power factor. Researchersinvestigate the relationship between the real and reactivenodal prices and evaluate how they are impacted by the


dual variables due to the various other physical andoperational constraints in the system. Additional studyfocuses on the significance of the nodal price observationsand the effective utilization in developing appropriate price signals in the Pool paradigm.

Transmission Congestion Management Schemes: A Comparative Analysis Under a Unified FrameworkE. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross*The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department;Power Systems Engineering Research Center

The restructuring of the electricity industry has spawnedthe introduction of new independent grid operators orIGOs, typically called transmission system operators(TSOs), independent system operator (ISOs), or regionaltransmission organizations (RTOs), in various parts of the world. An important task of an IGO is congestionmanagement (CM) and pricing. This activity hassignificant economic implications on every marketparticipant in an IGO region. The research considers the congestion management schemes and the associatedpricing mechanism used by the IGOs in five representativesystems: England and Wales, Norway, Sweden, PJM, andCalifornia. Researchers developed a unified framework forthe mathematical representation of the market dispatch andredispatch problems that the IGO must solve in CM inthese various jurisdictions. This unified framework is usedto develop meaningful metrics to compare the various CM approaches so as to assess their efficiency and theeffectiveness of the market signals provided to the market participants.

The Role of Load Demand in Elasticity in Congestion Management and PricingE. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross*The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department;Power Systems Engineering Research Center

In the open access transmission regime, the commoncarrier nature of the transmission system may give rise tofrequent conditions of congestion. Under such conditions,a violation of one or more physical or operationalconstraints in the base case or one of the contingencycases is encountered. Congestion may result in certaincases in marked price volatility and leads to price spikes.This is particularly true in competitive electricity marketsthat lack demand response. In this study, researchersexamine the role that demand responsiveness can play in competitive electricity markets.

Typically, the task of congestion management andpricing is vested in the hands of an independent gridoperator (IGO). The IGO uses an optimal power flow

(OPF) based tool to determine the necessary actions torelieve the system of the congestion and to determinetransmission system usage charges. The actions of priceresponsive loads may be represented in terms of thecustomers’ willingness to pay. From each customer’sdemand curve, the elasticity of the load at different pricesis known and the benefit function is derived. The load ateach bus ceases to be a fixed quantity and becomes adecision variable for the optimization problem of the IGO.In this way, the IGO has additional degrees of freedom indetermining the necessary actions for congestion relief.

The project investigates the impacts of load elasticity incongestion management and pricing. Researchers analyzethe salient characteristics of the optimum determined bythe IGO with elastic load demand explicitly represented.The research team is evaluating elasticity effects onconsumer, producer, merchandising, and social surplus. In addition, the demand responsiveness impacts on pricevolatility in terms of average price and standard deviationare determined and compared to the case without loadresponsiveness. The increase in market efficiencyattainable in the presence of load responsiveness isassessed.

Biomechanical Energy Conversion forFuture Marine Corps OperationsP. L. Chapman,* X. Zhang (Mech. & Indus. Engr.)[email protected]. Office of Naval Research

This project involves determining the best human motionsfor potential use in generating mobile electric power andthen making the best electric generators for these motions.Mobile power is increasingly important for soldiers andfor consumers of portable electronics. Batteries cannotsupply satisfactory power levels for long enough times tomeet most objectives, thus alternative methods have beensought. Human power is a viable method for generatingmobile power in the few watts range, without the need for fuels.

Extraction of Low-Order Models from Finite ElementRepresentations of Electromechanical DevicesP. L. Chapman*Grainger Center for Electric Machines andElectromechanics

The finite element method is very effective at accuratelymodeling magnetic devices such as inductors,transformers, and motors, but is very computationallyintense. Several thousand variables are used to describewhat should be captured in only a few. In this project, amodel reduction method was demonstrated that begins


with the finite element technique. The thousands ofvariables are systematically reduced to only a few, withlittle loss of model accuracy. This was demonstrated so farfor a single inductor. The new model runs several orders ofmagnitude faster than previous models.

Fully Integrated Switch-Mode Power SuppliesP. L. Chapman,* C. LiuGrainger Center for Electric Machines andElectromechanics

A typical switch-mode dc power supply involves severalintegrated circuits and discrete passive components. By moving all the circuitry to a single integrated circuit,the circuit is reduced in size and potentially cost. Powermanagement and distribution within a chip are betterenabled. Several versions of a step-up dc-dc converterhave been demonstrated. Newer versions will takeadvantage of MEMS technology to improve the quality of the passive components and reduce the space occupiedby the chip.

Optimal Diversification of Multiple Energy SourcesP. L. Chapman*National Science Foundation

The goal is to develop a general approach to the design of a power converter that can interface multiple, unlike,electrical energy sources. The interface would be capableof maximizing or minimizing the energy flow from givensources. The diversification of the energy sources takesadvantage of environmentally responsible energy,improves reliability, and potentially reduces cost.

Trajectory Sensitivity of Power Systems with FACTS ControllersA. Ghosh (I. I. T. Kanpur), M. A. Pai,* P. [email protected] Grainger Foundation Inc.; National ScienceFoundation, EPNES-0224829

In this research we investigated the influence of Thyristorscontrolled series compensator (TCSC) on the stability ofthe power system. Specifically, we did a parametricanalysis of the firing angle using trajectory sensitivities. A paper was presented at the IEEE Denver PES Meetingin July 2004. The project is completed.

Analysis and Evaluation of VAr Support as an Ancillary ServiceG. Gross,* S. TaoPower Systems Engineering Research Center through Cornell University

The unbundling of electricity services has brought aboutthe need to evaluate and quantify the various services. VAr support is one such service. Researchers haveanalyzed the principal attributes of this service andidentified the dominant cost component. The research team is developing an analytic basis for the evaluation of the VAr support needs associated with transactions. The objective is to develop an allocation mechanism forVAr support among the transactions on the system.

Analysis of the Bilateral Transaction Paradigm for Electricity MarketsG. Gross*The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program

Researchers are investigating the structure and functioningof bilateral-transaction-based electricity markets such asthose created by restructuring in Norway and Sweden. The objective is to analyze the salient characteristics of the Nord Pool market and to perform a side-by-sidecomparison with the England and Wales Electricity Pool.The focus is on the assessment of congestion managementand pricing. A mathematical model representing the marketstructure and rules governing the operation of the NordPool market has been developed. The study will assess thefunctioning of the Independent Grid Operator and thecritical role of transmission services.

Congestion Management Scheme forMultitransaction SystemsG. Gross,* S. TaoEconomic Policy Research Institute, Department of Defense

Researchers are investigating the allocation of charges for congestion management (CM) in multiple transactionnetworks. The problem is formulated in two stages. In thecongestion allocation stage, the operator determines thecongestion burden attributable to each individualtransaction. In the congestion relief stage, the operatorused an adjustment bidding to determine the congestionrelief actions. The allocation scheme is being tested onseveral systems.


Development of an Analytical Framework for Dispersed GenerationG. Gross,* Y. LinThe Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program

Increased competition in the electricity supply industry,increasing costs of transmission and distribution upgrades,greater pressures on cleaner environment, higher energyefficiency, and decreasing marginal costs of new andsmaller generation technologies are some of the factorsthat are going to impact alternatives for adding electricitysupplies. The principal objective is to formulate acomprehensive analytical framework for dispersedgeneration within which the economic, technological,environmental, and reliability aspects can be studied.Simulation of systems with transmission constrained load pockets and dispersed generation expansionalternatives are being performed.

Development of an Analytical Framework for StrategicBidding in Competitive Electricity Markets: Modelingand Policy AnalysisG. Gross,* G. Deltas (Econ.), M. JoungNational Science Foundation, ECS-0000577

The work is focused on the design, functioning, andperformance of competitive mechanisms in wholesaleelectricity markets taking explicit account of the specificcharacteristics and constraints of electrical generation andconsumption. The objective is to develop a general andcomprehensive analytic framework that integrates thegame theoretic aspects of electricity exchanges with theunique constraints under which electric power systemsoperate. This framework will lay the foundation for theevaluation of various designs for electricity marketstructures and “rules of the road” of auction mechanismsthat incorporate the constraints imposed by the physical,engineering, and operational constraints inherent inelectricity systems, so as to maximize economic efficiency.

The in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics ofelectricity markets will provide a basis for the formulationof optimal bidding and offering strategies with bothsupply- and demand-side bidders. Researchers aim to use the framework to address the various aspects of the implementation and performance of auctions forelectricity; the explicit incorporation of uncertainty; theinterrelationships between the MWh commodity marketsand specific markets in ancillary services; and the impactsof longer term forward and future markets.

These issues will be investigated together with topicsrelated to the opportunities for gaming, the existence andexercise of market power, and the impacts on electricityprices. In addition, the framework will serve as an

effective testbed for a wide range of policy experiments,including those focused on the nature and scope ofregulation in the restructured industry. Throughout theproposed work, researchers will implement simulationtools to illustrate the performance of various marketdesigns, rule specifications, regulatory policies, andstrategic behavior of various players.

Effective Deployment of Financial Instruments in Competitive Electricity MarketsG. Gross,* S. TaoThe Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program

With the recent emergence of the well defined electricityspot markets and the establishment of the trading ofelectricity futures on specific exchanges, the application of financial instruments such as options, futures, andforwards provides significant new tools to players inelectricity. Such instruments can be used for riskmanagement as well as speculation. The focus of thisresearch is on the effective incorporation of theseinstruments into the operation of electricity trading.Researchers will investigate certain design and definitionalissues in the deployment of financial derivative conceptsto electricity markets. Of particular interest is theevaluation of the risk mitigation capabilities provided bythese instruments for the trading of electricity and theirimpacts on the spot markets. In this project, researcherswill investigate the salient uniqueness of electricityderivative contracts due to the physical power system. The research team also will investigate the possibility of developing new financial instruments and strategies to accommodate the different risk preference of variousparticipants in the spot electricity market. Moreover,researchers will study the impact of financial derivativeson various players of the market.

Loss Allocation Scheme for Multitransaction SystemsG. Gross,* S. TaoThe Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program

Researchers are studying the allocation of losses as afunction of physical power flows in multitransactionsystems. The research team has recast the power flowproblem in a transaction-based network and is studying the issue of appropriately allocating losses on the basis offlows that the transactions bring about. Extensive tests ofthe approach are being carried out on systems of varyingsizes. A mechanism for loss compensation has beendeveloped to provide choice to transacting entities.


Metering Requirements and Metering DataApplications in Open Access Bulk Electricity SystemsG. Gross,* J. W. LeePower Engineering Research Center through CornellUniversity; The Grainger Foundation Inc.

The FERC Order No. 888 specified six unbundledancillary services that may be provided to transmissioncustomers. The NERC has developed a classification of 12 separate interconnected operations services. Theunbundling of the services and the disintegration of thevertical structure of the electricity business have set upnew requirements for information acquisition, metering,and communications. This project will examine thecommunication protocols and the data managementaspects of the metering activities.

Real-Time Security Monitoring and ControlG. Gross*National Science Foundation

Researchers have prepared a White Paper that outlines thescope of issues, challenges, and opportunities in the areaof real-time security monitoring and control (RTSMC) ofpower systems in the restructured electricity industry. The counterpart of power system reliability in real-timeoperations is security—the ability of the power system towithstand contingencies. This White Paper is part of a setof six papers on reliability aspects of the electric powersystem prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by theConsortium of Electric Reliability Technology Solutions(CERTS).

Simulation of the Multinode Open Access Same-Time Information SystemG. Gross,* Y. TianThe Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs

A Web-based simulator of the Federal Energy RegulatoryCommission (FERC) mandated Open Access Same-TimeInformation System (OASIS) network was implemented.The purpose of the simulator is to provide a tool to studythe various aspects of an OASIS network, to gain a strongintuitive feel for its operations, and to train users. For a specified time period, the OASISNET simulatorreproduces an OASIS network of multiple nodes using thesame communications medium as the actual system, theInternet, and with multiple players using the simulatorsimultaneously. Salient features of the simulator are itsmodular architecture, as well as the ability to simulatemultinode OASIS network operations and to acceptsimultaneous access from remote users through use ofclient/server technology. The simulation focuses on the

dissemination and use of the available transmissioncapability information. Applications of the new simulatorfor training and analysis are under study.

The Load Frequency Control (LFC) PerformanceAssessmentG. Gross,* J. W. LeeThe Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs

Load frequency control is used to regulate the frequencyof the power system to be within acceptable boundsaround the synchronous value. Researchers areconstructing a framework for the evaluation of LFCperformance assessment taking into account the randomvariations of the actual load over time. Appropriate metricsfor the LFC performance assessment are constructed in therandom process based framework. These metrics are usedto formulate the criteria for LFC performance assessment.The effectiveness of industry criteria is assessed.

A Hybrid Systems View of Inverse Problems in Power System DynamicsI. A. Hiskens,* D. Liberzon,* M. A. Pai*National Science Foundation, NSF ECS-0114725

Analysis of power system dynamic behavior frequentlytakes the form of inverse problems, where the aim is tofind parameter values that achieve (as closely as possible)a desired response. Examples include parameterestimation, quantifying parameter uncertainty, boundaryvalue problems, and optimal control. The projectdeveloped algorithms for solving such inverse problems.Power system behavior inherently involves interactionsbetween continuous dynamics and discrete events. A systematic hybrid systems framework for modeling,analysis, and algorithms was done. The project iscompleted.

Active Power Converter Control forFlexible Power SystemsP. T. Krein,* P. L. Chapman,* W. Weaver, R. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS-0224829

This project explores ways to apply fast controls, availablewith power electronics, at the local level in an electricpower network. The intent is to use power electronicsalready active at a user site to enhance the operation of the overall grid. Two techniques under study are powerbuffering, in which a power electronic load controls itselfto decouple its energy during brief disturbances, and loadpriority, in which some loads are set to disconnect quicklywhen a power disturbance occurs. Early results suggest


that blackouts and other major problems can be mitigatedto a significant degree with these techniques.

Alternatives and Modulation Methods for Low Voltage Power InvertersP. T. Krein,* A. [email protected] Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

This project explores the design and systemimplementation issues in low-voltage (48 V or less) powerinverters. These circuits are important in automobiles and small motor systems. The work considers tradeoffsbetween motor design and inverter design. As part of thework, modulation and control strategies are also beingexplored. New results have been generated that relatepopular space-vector modulation methods to conventionalpulse-width modulation processes. The two methods,thought to be disparate, are the same in a fundamentalsense. Experimental inverters are in preparation as part of this effort.

Battery Equalization in Series Strings of Lithium CellsP. T. Krein,* J. Kimball, G. [email protected] Technology Award

Batteries are usually used in series strings. When a stringis charged, the individual cells can become mismatched.Over time, this mismatch can grow, particularly if extremetemperature conditions occur. Mismatch is corrected byequalization, in which the battery voltages are forced tomatch. This is usually accomplished with a forced-overcharge process, with elevated voltage applied after theend of a charge cycle. This project studies an equalizationmethod invented at the University of Illinois, in which acapacitor string is switched between adjacent batteries.Details are being studied for lithium-ion cells.

Design and Control of Sensorless Current Mode Power ConvertersP. T. Krein,* J. MossobaGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

A critical feature of modern power converters is theirability to resist the effects of unwanted disturbances fromtheir input power sources, such as the flickering powerfrom electric utility during inclement weather. Sensorlesscurrent mode has a key advantage in that it inherentlycorrects for such disturbances. Its advantages make itespecially attractive for low-cost power converters such as those in cars and electronic consumer products.

Design of Small Inverter-Fed Induction MachineP. T. Krein,* M. Amrhein, B. Nee, W. Al-ZubiGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

The goal is to redesign rotors of induction machines, based on dedicated operation from an inverter. Rotor bar shape is of special interest. Simulations of differentdesigns are performed with a simplified model of a motor.By calculating the torque-speed characteristic of eachpossible design, the performance can be analyzed andcompared. By evaluating these results against a definedcost-function, it is possible to establish an optimal rotorbar shape. Rotors are being built, tested, and thencompared with off-shelf designs.

First-Principles Analysis and Design of Electric MachinesP. T. Krein,* T. O’[email protected] Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

The design of electric machines is long established, butnew developments in materials, manufacturing, andanalysis methods have introduced new alternatives. In thiswork, a detailed analysis framework is being developed toanswer fundamental questions about material tradeoffs andoperating aspects of electric machines in a general form.Powerful symbolic software is being used to create modelsdirectly from the underlying physical equations. Today, we can work with models at a much higher level ofcomplexity than just a few years ago. The objective is toidentify design improvements and opportunities for newmaterials in electric machines.

Flexible Circuit Structures for Motor WindingsP. T. Krein,* M. J. [email protected] Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

The winding of wires in electric motors is an inherentlyexpensive process today. The machinery to perform thistask is complex and expensive. The end results are subjectto significant random variation. This work is exploring theapplication of flexible printed circuit structures as motorwindings. The technology in effect allows windings to beprefabricated and then assembled into a motor. It alsosupports more current than traditional wire arrangements.Flexible circuit windings can be used to form highlyrepeatable structures. This removes much of therandomness and opens possibilities for precise motordesigns.


Multicarrier and Multisignal PWM Techniques forHigh-Frequency-Link Power Electronics ApplicationsP. T. Krein,* X. Geng, J. [email protected], Inc.; University of Illinois Center forCommunications

Multiple-signal PWM is being developed to extend thestandard PWM approach to enhance power-processingcapability in multiple signal cases. This method shows thatmultiple-signal control information can be combined into asingle PWM sequence in such a way that independentswitching power conversion can be done for each signal.Previous work on multicarrier PWM has shown thatprocess choices can be made that support high-frequencyac links or PWM streams with a 50% duty ratio. The method has potential applications in diverse fields such as switching audio amplification and polyphase PWM drives.

Singular Perturbation Analysis for Motor ControlsP. T. Krein,* Z. SorchiniGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

Advanced controls for motor drive systems are based ondetailed models and specific parameter values. In mostapplications, the performance requirements are modest,and it is hard to reconcile the need for precise models withthe limited requirements. Existing approaches also havelimitations at low speeds or with high-performance motors.This work applies methods of singular perturbation tomotor controls to identify new alternatives. Singularperturbation provides a framework for systems withbehavior on multiple time scales or in which some effectsare small. The intent is to create tools for approximatemodels, then use these models for control design.

Vector Angle Control for Induction MachinesP. T. Krein,* G. ZhangGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

Vector controls for induction machines separate the control into flux-producing and torque-producing currents.Typically the flux portion uses a steady-state control rather than dynamic adjustment. The flux magnitude is thecontrolled output. This project examines implications ofcontrolling the angles rather than the magnitudes. Thereare possible compromises that reduce sensitivity to errorsand that permit good efficiency and performance tradeoffs.This fundamental work is intended to show whetherunusual motor control strategies can be found that offerbenefits over typical practices.

Evaluating the Potential for Transmission Constraintson the Operation of a Competitive Electricity Marketin IllinoisT. Overbye,* X. [email protected] Commerce Commission

The goal of this project is to determine if the transmissionsystem in Illinois and the surrounding region is able tosupport a competitive electricity market: that is, one thatwould allow for effective competition to keep prices incheck and allow for new market participants to competeeffectively for market share. The project will seek todetermine if there are conditions that could reasonably beexpected to occur that would enable a company to exercisemarket power in one or more portions of the state andthereby create undue pressure on the prices charged tocustomers and/or inhibit new market participants fromentering the market. It should be noted that the intent ofthis project is not to predict whether or not such marketpower would actually be exercised by any company.Rather, it is designed to determine if a set of reasonablyexpected conditions could allow any company to do so.

Interactive Visualization of Electrical Power SystemTransmission System CapacityT. J. Overbye,* D. Wiegmann, Y. SunPower Systems Engineering Research Center

One of the major goals associated with restructuring in theelectrical power industry is to allow nondiscriminatoryaccess to the high-voltage transmission grid. However, akey difficulty in achieving this goal has been the fact thatthe capacity of the transmission grid has a finite but noteasily determined value. That is to say, the ability of thetransmission system to support additional powertransactions is limited by the need to maintain systemsecurity. The goal of this project is to develop and apply innovative visualization methods to aid marketparticipants in determining this availability.

Workshop to Consider the Practicality of a Continental Energy SuperGridT. Overbye*Richard Lounsbery Foundation

The purpose of this project is to convene a workshop toinvestigate the technical and societal viability of aproposal for the creation of a “Continental SuperGrid” tomeet our country’s energy needs in the mid- to late-half ofthe 21st Century. The proposal calls for the creation of acontinental grid, delivering both electricity and fuel. Theelectric portion of the grid would be superconducting, highvoltage dc, with liquid hydrogen used as the core coolant.


The electric power and hydrogen would be supplied fromnuclear and other source power plants spaced along thegrid. Electricity would exit the system at various dc-actaps, connecting into the existing ac power grid. Thehydrogen would also exit the grid, providing a readilyavailable, alternative fuel—for perhaps fuel-cell basedautomobiles. While the scope of this proposal is certainlyambitious, given its potential for significant society-widebenefits, it is also one that deserves serious considerationand debate.

Angle Stability Problems and Impact on Relay PerformanceM. A. Pai,* S. A. Soman ( I.I.T. Bombay), T. B. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 00-00474; Fulbright-Tata

In this research, we investigate the impact of anglestability on distance relays using trajectory sensitivities.For a given disturbance, the weakest line is identifiedusing sensitivities of rotor angles with respect totransmission reactances. This information is then used tolocate the electrical center. The electrical center gives anidea as to how the system will separate if the fault were tooccur and is helpful in islanding studies. (This project hasbeen completed and the results appeared in IEEETransactions—Power Delivery, July 2004.)

Impact of Distributed Generation on Power System PerformanceM. A. Pai,* A. [email protected] Grainger Foundation Inc.; National ScienceFoundation, EPENS-0224829

In this research, the impact of adding new generation atthe distribution level was examined. The distributionsystem is radial in nature and hence, adding generationpresents a number of technical problems. In this research,system stability was examined with respect to parametervariations. Effect on transient and small signal stabilitywas investigated. Work is continuing to investigate impactof other forms of distributed generation such as fuel cells,windpower, etc.

Model Reduction of Power Systems Using KrylovSubspace MethodM. A. Pai,* D. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 00-00474; TheGrainger Foundation Inc.

In this research, the iterative solver technique based onKrylov Subspace methodology is being applied for modelreduction of power systems. The system is divided into astudy area and an external area. The external area is thenreduced in dimensionality. A criterion for coherency hasbeen developed, and it has been shown to be equivalent orsimilar to the recently proposed synchrony method in theliterature. Thus, a physical basis for model reduction ispresented. (A paper has been accepted for IEEETransactions—Power Systems).

Voltage Collapse Studies in Power SystemsM. A. Pai,* B. [email protected] Grainger Foundation Inc.; National ScienceFoundation

In this research we will investigate the impact of slowlyincreasing load on voltage profile in the system. We planto simulate contingencies and compute the Hopf bifucationpoint as well as saddle node bifurcation. The PV curvesare plotted. The goal is to have an integrated voltage andtransient stability software. The project is completed.

Power Industry Restructuring and Pricing in SiberiaS. Palamarchuk, G. Gross*Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs; U.S.Department of State

The restructuring of the power industry in Russia is under way. The existing nationwide market is planned to be divided into three regional sectors, one of which will be set up in the Siberian region of the country. The restructuring will allow the market arrangements totake into account the regional characteristics of electricitygeneration, transmission, and consumption. The projectaims to develop an auction mechanism for the wholesaleelectricity trade in Siberia. Key aspects include review ofthe market structures currently in operation, design of themarket forward trade and the associated pricing issues,development of procedures for the evaluation of rationalbidding strategies for market players, and training of theplayers in the new environment.


Dynamic Security Assessment for OperationsP. W. Sauer*[email protected] System Engineering Research Center throughCornell University

This project is investigating the current state of onlinestability analysis for power systems and formulatingneeded research directions. It is looking at commercialsoftware performance measures and the theoreticalframework for integration into real-time securityapplication environments.

Extended Factors for Linear Contingency AnalysisP. W. Sauer,* H. [email protected] Foundation Endowments

This project is formulating new computational factorsextending linear contingency analysis to includephenomena such as angle shifts and generator torquechanges in response to line outages or closings. Thefactors build on well-known power transfer distributionfactors and line-outage-distribution factors.

Integrated Security AnalysisP. W. Sauer*[email protected] of Energy-CERTS

This project is formulating new security analysis tools foroperators using existing computational software code withonline data. Traditional security application programs areused to create historical security results that will be used todevelop learning algorithms. These algorithms will useboth new computational results and historical results. This work is being done jointly with Washington StateUniversity.

Post-Contingency Quilibrium AnalysisP. W. Sauer,* R. [email protected] Foundation Endowments

This project is investigating the efficient computation ofsteady-state conditions following an outage. It enforcesconstant control inputs.

Rapid Prediction and Analysis of Possible Shaft TorqueFatigue Due to Line SwitchingP. W. Sauer,* S. [email protected] Foundation Endowments

This project is utilizing simulation and analytical analysisto predict when line closure will result in unacceptableshaft torques. This will be used with traditional securityapplication software to determine if post-contingencypower systems are acceptable or not.

Reliability Tools for Power System OperatorsP. W. Sauer,* T. OverbyeDepartment of Energy, Consortium for Electric ReliabilityTechnology Solutions through Cornell University PowerSystems Engineering Research Center

This project is investigating advanced security analysisvisualization concepts to enhance the reliability of theinterconnected grid. Results from online security analysiswill be presented and displayed to operators in a formatsuitable for rapid decision making and for assessing theacceptability of the system state.

Transmission System Vulnerabilities in Power SystemsP. W. Sauer*[email protected] Foundation Endowments

This project is investigating the critical set of transmissionlines in maintaining an acceptable voltage collapse marginin power systems. The critical set is that group of lines thatmay be lost while maintaining sufficient capability forvoltage support and real power transfer.

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingComposable ProcessorsN. P. Carter,* R. Gupta, G. Rasche, J. StineDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MARCOCenter


As silicon fabrication technology improves, processors and system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs are moving towardgridded layouts to minimize the impact of wire delays on performance. The composable processors project isstudying techniques to reduce the design time and cost of


grid-based custom processors through the use of a set ofpre-designed “tiles” that can be composed together to forma variety of custom system architectures. In addition to thedesign of the tiles and systems that use them, we aredeveloping software techniques to automatically generatehigh-performance, low-cost architectures for specificapplications in this design methodology.

Magnetoelectronic Reconfigurable LogicN. P. Carter*[email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-02-1-1038


We are developing reconfigurable logic systems based on a novel magnetoelectronic device: the Hybrid Hall Effectdevice. These circuits can be configured to compute awide range of logic functions with nonvolatile storage oftheir outputs and can be easily integrated into CMOSdesigns. Current challenges include reducing the powerconsumption of our circuits and developing systemarchitectures that best take advantage of their capabilities.

Self-Healing Reliable Reconfigurable SystemsN. P. Carter*[email protected] of Illinois


Reconfigurable logic is an attractive fabric for reliablesystem design because faults in portions of the logic canbe corrected by reconfiguring the system to avoid thefaulty resources. We are developing design techniques forreliable systems implemented using reconfigurable logic.These techniques combine application-directed synthesisof redundant functionality to tolerate errors, run-timedetection of faults, incremental synthesis for fast repair,and global resynthesis to avoid cumulative effects frommultiple faults.

The Amalgam Programmable-ReconfigurableProcessorN. P. Carter*[email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0824


Amalgam combines several conventional processors and blocks of reconfigurable architecture into a singlemicroprocessor, using a clustered architecture to minimize

the impact of wire delay on cycle time. Our results showthat this architecture generates an average of greater than12x speedup over a simple microprocessor on a range ofbenchmarks. We are currently developing compilertechniques for this architecture, as well as investigatingarchitectural features to improve performance in far-futurefabrication processes.

Architectural Models for Highly ConcurrentInstruction ExecutionM. I. Frank,* S. J. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCF-0429711


Superscalar processors can concurrently execute severalinstructions from a single thread, but are limited in theamount of concurrency they can find and exploit becausethey must fetch and rename instructions in program order.We build on compiler-assisted thread level parallelizationmechanisms that concurrently fetch, rename, and executemultiple, widely separated, portions of the program. We are developing new dynamic techniques for usingcontrol-dependence information to find and exploit globalinstruction-level concurrency within a single thread ofexecution. Using these techniques, we can achieveexecution rates four to ten times that achievable bysuperscalar processors.

Advanced Predicate-Domain Code OptimizationW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. SiasIntel Corporation


The predicated representation, in which control isimplemented via conditional execution of instructionsrather than branches, presents two general categories ofnew optimization opportunities: the optimization ofprogram decision logic and the optimization ofcomputation code using predication. This project aims toreduce control overhead by extracting control expressionsfrom predicated code, optimizing these expressions usingBoolean minimization techniques, and re-expressingcontrol using more efficient sequences of predicatedefining instructions. In the second area, this project works toward a paradigm in which stores, branches, and loop boundaries can be reordered freely to achieveperformance goals.


Architecture and Compiler Techniques forOptimizing Memory AccessesW.-M. Hwu,* H.-S. Kim, E. M. NystromNational Science Foundation, CCR 96-29948/98-09478;Intel Corporation


The goal of this research is to develop an integratedcompiler and architecture approach to drastically reducethe frequency and cost of memory accesses in futurecomputer systems. In particular, a compiler strategy that is built upon interprocedural pointer analysis and newheuristics for estimating the probability of collidingpointer contents will be developed to take full advantageof the data speculation features in future microprocessors.The insights provided by fully disambiguated memoryaccesses may drastically change the future course of run-time data speculation supports.

Automatic Transformation of Traditional SoftwareComponents into a Data-Flow Execution ModelW.-M. Hwu,* C.-W. Li, H.-S. [email protected]/MARCO Gigascale Systems Research Center(GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation


Due to the cost of building ever-larger uniprocessors withstandard, single global on-chip storage, future gigascalecomputing platforms will increasingly rely on special-purpose hardware accelerators that employ decentralizeddata-flow computation models. However, the traditionalvon Neumann programming model will continue to bestrongly preferred due to the high cost of changing the fundamental software model. To improve designproductivity in the presence of the widening gap betweenthe programming model and the underlying hardwareplatform, we are developing deep program analysis andtransformation techniques that will enable tools toautomatically extract data flow computation componentsfrom a von Neumann program.

Compiler and Architecture Support for Program TunnelingW.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick, H.-S. KimHewlett-Packard


Modern programming paradigms often impose majorperformance penalties on application programs. Objectoriented programming, structured exception handling,automatic memory management, middleware services, andoperating system calls are all examples of such costlyfeatures. The goal of this research is to eliminate the costof these features for the frequently traversed paths ofexecutable programs. Architecture support, in the form ofnew protection schemes and no-overhead profilingmechanisms, will be developed to enable the run-timeoptimizer to safely perform aggressive optimizations.

Configurable On-Chip Memory MicroarchitecturesW.-M. Hwu,* H. C. Hunter, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, H.-S. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation


Simple technology scaling offers little hope for breakingthe difficult scalability and power/performance barriersassociated with traditional on-chip memories. This project seeks to design new configurable on-chip SRAMmicroarchitectures that will enable large SRAM structuresto approach the power efficiency of small custommemories for memory-intensive applications such asmedia and signal processing. The proposed structuressupport configurability in access ports, access latencies,and sleep-drowsy states. Our deep analysis toolset, acarefully engineered symbiosis of whole-program dataflow, control flow, and pointer/data structure analyses, willdisaggregate the application’s memory data flows and willallow transformation of existing programs to take fulladvantage of the configurability of the new SRAMstructures.


Deep Program AnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, H. C. Hunter, C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim

Intel Corporation; National Science Foundation, 98-09478Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory

Current code analysis techniques draw dependences basedlargely on program structure and on register and memoryaccesses, many of which are not inherent to algorithms butare merely side effects of implementation in a particulararchitecture or coding paradigm. The conservative natureof these analysis techniques limits the compiler’s ability toperform broad, powerful code optimizations. Deepprogram analysis is intended to discern the fundamentalalgorithmic dependences of input programs from amongthose artificially imposed. The application of deepprogram analysis techniques could revolutionize programoptimization, memory access microarchitecture, softwaredevelopment process, software verification, and softwaredebugging.

IMPACT Post-Link Optimization FrameworkW.-M. Hwu,* M. C. Merten, R. D. Barnes, E. M. NystromHewlett-Packard; Microsoft Corp.


Commercial software vendors distribute products in binaryexecutable form, compiled for a specific processor. Very limited technology exists for optimizing binaryexecutables, thus preventing end users from optimizingprograms for their particular machines and usage patterns.To remedy this problem, this project is creating a binaryoptimization framework that will serve as a bridgebetween the binary executable and the IMPACT compiler.Using this framework, the team can experiment withoptimizations targeted machine. Such optimization couldbe performed at the time of program installation or offline,while the user’s machine is idle.

IMPACT Run-Time Optimization FrameworkW.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, E. M. [email protected] Micro Devices; Microsoft Corp.


Aggressive code specialization at compile time canachieve significant performance gains, although it istypically limited by risks of profile-dependence and code-explosion. Therefore, we are developing a framework foradaptive, runtime optimization, allowing profiling and

specialization of code regions based on the currentworkload profile. Rather than solely focusing onopportunities in relatively unoptimized applications, thisframework focuses on providing an efficient architecturefor targeting optimization of opportunities presented byeven the most aggressively optimized code. Componentsof these frameworks include efficient runtime optimizationalgorithms, techniques for identifying optimizationcandidates using nonintrusive profiling, and seamlessdeployment of optimized code.

Java Run-Time ArchitectureW.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, H.-S. KimHewlett-Packard


This project focuses on enhancements needed to createhighly optimized native code for dynamic Java serverapplications. This includes the construction of a next-generation Java run-time prototype that offers a means ofintegration between dynamic code production and staticcode reuse. Also included are a streamlined object model,nonintrusive profiling, dynamic optimizations, reducedintermodule communication overhead, run-timedeployment of optimized code, improved memorymanagement subsystem, and hardware enhancements to support Java specific features.

Memory-Efficient EPIC ProcessorsW.-M. Hwu,* N. P. Carter, H. Hunter, C.-W. LiSemiconductor Research Corporation


Researchers are developing an improved EPIC architecturethat will provide the high performance required byupcoming embedded applications while significantlyreducing power consumption and memory bandwidthrequirements. This architecture divides the processingresources of the chip into four independent clusters, witheach cluster having its own program-controllable datamemory. A decoded instruction buffer in each clusterreduces instruction fetch bandwidth and powerconsumption in loops. Compiler techniques are beingdeveloped to coordinate intercluster data movement toeliminate many of the memory accesses required duringthe execution of media programs on conventionalarchitectures.


Multipass EPIC MicroarchitectureW.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, S. J. Patel, N. [email protected] Corporation; Hewlett-Packard


It is well established that the in-order microarchitectureused by EPIC processor such as Itanium can exploit thecompiler’s proficiency in planning parallelism. However,the inability of this substrate to accommodate unexpectedlatencies, such as data cache misses, is its most vexingweakness. To address this problem, we propose multipasspipelining, a new class of in-order microarchitectures inwhich the processor pipeline defers execution ofinstructions with unready operands for later processing,thereby avoiding stalls. A first-generation design of thistechnique delivers substantial performance improvementsfor applications with significant memory stalls. Futuregenerations promise to further enhance the performancewhile reducing complexity, area, and power.

Next-Generation EPIC Compiler TechnologyW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, S.-Z. Ueng, S. Ryoo, G. A. Kent, I. M. [email protected] Corporation; Hewlett-Packard


We have demonstrated that IMPACT’s aggressive use of predication, speculation, and code replication in itsstructural transformation approach can attain substantialinteger code performance increases over contemporarycompilers for Itanium2. Challenges and opportunitiesremain: sophisticated combinations of transformationsrequired to expose desired levels of instruction-levelparallelism pose profile-dependence and stability issues.Selective specialization, while not yet controlled with greatprecision, shows an ability to improve instruction cachingas well as ILP. Control and data speculation interactnontrivially with optimizations and operating systemmodels. Finally, more sophisticated region selection andoptimization techniques promise increasingly efficient use of wide EPIC resources.

OpenIMPACT Compiler ReleaseW.-M. Hwu,* R. E. Kidd, J. W. Sias, E. M. [email protected]; Hewlett-Packard; National Science Foundation,CCR 98-09404


This project aims to release the IMPACT researchcompiler as a general-purpose, open-source compiler for the IA64 Linux platform. The research compiler’sfeatures, such as predicated compilation, instruction-levelparallelism optimizations, compiler-engineeredspeculation, and profile-based optimizations, as well as its extensible research framework, will be retained. In addition, an easy-to-use interface will be provided thatwill allow OpenIMPACT to be used as a high-performancealternative to traditional compilers. This project will bereleased under the University of Illinois (UIUC/NCSA)Open Source License.

Predicate Analysis and Predicate-Aware Dataflow AnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. SiasIntel Corporation


Efficient and accurate analysis of predicate relationshipsand predicate-aware dataflow analysis are essential toeffective optimization and scheduling of predicated code.A predicate analysis engine must first quickly analyze thecode at the function level to determine all relationshipsamong predicates. Then, it must store its findings in adatabase that can accurately and efficiently answer queriesabout the relations among predicates. The first objective of this project is to create a function-level, accurate, andefficient predicate analysis engine. The second objective is to create a predicate-aware dataflow analysis engine thatis both accurate and fast.

Rapid Customization of Systems SoftwareW.-M. Hwu,* J. N. Navarro, E. Nystrom, R. Barnes, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent, J. Player, J. Cours, D. YangMARCO, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(part of MARCO Center Soft Systems Thrust)


The objective of the project is to develop compiler-based,deep program analysis that transcends the boundariescurrently separating the application, the dynamicallylinked libraries, and the operating system. Code-


specialization of library functions and operating systemservices is based on interprocedural analysis ofapplications, programmatic logic analysis, data valueanalysis, and interthread escape analysis. Unnecessarycode and modules are eliminated. A new fundamentalmodel of the operating system functions, based onmicrokernel concepts, is developed to systematically verifythe correctness of each customized version. Customizationtechnologies are developed at the source and then at thebinary level, with the long-term goal of handlingcommercial software. Potential benefits include rapidgeneration of software, smaller software footprints,reduced energy consumption, and higher performance.

Scalable Deep Program AnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim, S. Ryoo, N. Navarro, S. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); National Science Foundation, InformationTechnology Research


Future breakthroughs in computer architecture, softwareengineering, and trustworthy computing will rely on thecompiler to perform program analyses that are consideredinfeasible today. Deep program analysis refers to compile-time techniques that can derive important properties of theprogram execution accurately. Examples of deep analysisinclude value ranges that can be assumed by variables,realizable data flow through memory objects, and memorylocations that can be accessed by program components.New scalable approaches to deep program analysis arebeing developed to enable their application to large,complex software systems.

Scalable, Accurate Interprocedural Pointer AnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* E. M. Nystrom, H.-S. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); National Science Foundation, InformationTechnology Research, CCR 98-09478


Pointer analysis is a critical foundation for virtually alladvanced program analysis techniques. In a programminglanguage like C that supports an explicit address operator,indirect calls, structures, heap allocation, and pointercasting, memory activity can easily be obscured. Webelieve that highly accurate results and the ability to scaleto large programs do not have to be mutually exclusive

goals. To this end, a pointer analysis framework has beendeveloped that provides an efficient representation forachieving accurate results through novel mechanisms todeal with procedural side effects, global variables, heaplocations, and fields.

Ubiquitous Instruction-Level Parallelism ArchitecturesW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom, H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. KentIntel; Motorola, Inc.; Microsoft Corp.; National ScienceFoundation, 98-09478


As instruction-level parallelism (ILP) architectures such as Intel IA-64 and TI C6x move into the mainstream ofcomputing, it has become critical to solve the technicalproblems involved in making these architecturesappropriate for future embedded applications. The goal of this research is to develop new compiler, architecture,and microarchitecture concepts to drastically reduce thecode size, data transfers, energy consumption, and die sizeof future ILP processors. New techniques will also bedeveloped to further enhance the performance of futureILP microprocessors.

Ultra-efficient Giga-scale Computing PlatformArchitectureW.-M. Hwu,* S. Lumetta, N. Navarro, D. Burke, J. W.Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim, R. D. Barnes,H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, J. Player, I. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); Advanced Micro Devices; Xilinx; IBM


This project seeks to achieve orders of magnitude ofimprovement in power efficiency in future computingplatforms by systematically synthesizing and utilizinghardware accelerators in the forms of ASIP, ASIC, andFPGA. This approach is motivated by the availability ofimmense numbers of transistors in future chips and thelimitation of activating only a tiny fraction of them at anygiven time. New system architectures allow seamlessintegration of accelerators with processors containingextremely high-bandwidth, short-latency communication.Advanced program analysis and transformation techniquesconvert traditional memory side-effect-based executionactivities into explicit data flow, enabling extremelyefficient direct hardware execution.


Value Analysis Compilation FrameworkW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. SiasIntel Corp.


Analyzing the flow of values through programcomputation provides many opportunities for improvingthe performance of computer systems. This project has tworelated objectives: the optimization of existing controlflow through value analysis and value speculation. Valueflow analysis facilitates dead code elimination and controloptimization. Value speculation refers to the execution ofinstructions before all source operand values have beendetermined. This can be done when instructions generatethe same value for each execution, the same value for ahigh percentage of executions, or predictable values.Compilers can exploit these regularities through codespecializations, collectively referred to as valuespeculation.

Verification of Run-time Optimized CodeW.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, J. W. Sias, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick, R. D. BarnesHewlett-Packard


Executable programs are increasingly optimized andmodified in the field. Just-in-time compilation of Javaprograms is a well-known example of such run-time codemodification. The goal of this research is to overcome thetechnical challenges involved in automatic verification ofrun-time optimized code. An interdisciplinary approachthat integrates program analysis algorithms and hardwaretest and verification techniques will be developed to covera wide variety of software defects.

An Engineering Prototyping Environment forCompiling C Program Components into Application-Specific LogicW.-M. Hwu,* D. R. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); Xilinx; IBM; Mentor Graphics


This project seeks to establish an engineering prototypingenvironment to enable research in ultra-efficient gigascalecomputing platforms. In this environment, we areprototyping processor design, operating system support,compiler technology, synthesis paths, libraries, and device

drivers needed in future heterogeneous software and logicsystems. The first generation prototype is based on theXilinx ML300 board, the Linux kernel, the MentorGraphics ASAP tool chain, and the IMPACT compiler. The initial applications being prototyped are from thedesign driver applications of the MARCO GigascaleSystems Research Center with emphasis on future home entertainment applications.

Fault-Injection-Based BenchmarkingR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, S. Chen, C. [email protected], Inc.


In this research, we propose to explore issues andtechniques for intrusion detection and intrusion tolerancein networked environments. Specifically, we will focus on analyzing data on security attacks to determinevulnerabilities exploited by attackers and to classify theattacks according to their causes; generating measurement-based security attack models depicting the attack process;creating stochastic models that reflect behaviors of thesystem in the presence of variable workloads, errors, andsecurity attacks; investigating measures and experimentalprocedures for benchmarking system reliability andsecurity; understanding potential inconsistencies inapplication and system implementation; and proposingsoftware and hardware intrusion detection and prevention techniques.

Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC): Reliable Systems ThrustR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, W. Gu, K. Pattabiraman, G. Saggese, M. Gupta, N. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC)


Our focus is on designing hierarchical systems ofhardware and software detection and recovery mechanismsto handle multiple and/or near coincident errors and tolimit (or prevent) error propagation. We will explore afour-tiered approach to develop and integrate detection and recovery support at different levels of the systemhierarchy. These levels can be classified as embeddedprogrammable hardware support; operating systemsupport; compiler support; and application support.Additional work will include updates to the ARMOR(adaptive reconfigurable mobile objects of reliability)


software, NFTAPE, and the Reliability and SecurityEngine (RSE) project.

ITR: Methodologies and Tools for Designing andImplementing Large-Scale, Real-Time SystemsR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, L. Wang, A. [email protected] Science Foundation, Information TechnologyResearch Program, #0121658 (Subcontracted fromVanderbilt University)


The research proposed is to develop methodologies andtools for designing and implementing very large-scale,real-time embedded computer systems that achieveultrahigh computational performance through use ofparallel hardware architectures; achieve and maintainfunctional integrity via distributed, hierarchical monitoringand control; are required to be highly available; and aredynamically reconfigurable, maintainable, and evolvable.The specific application that will drive this research andprovide a test platform for it is the trigger and dataacquisition system for BTeV, an accelerator-based high-energy physics experiment to study matter-antimatterasymmetries in the decays of particles containing thebottom quark.

Quality of Distributed Control and SurveillanceR. K. Iyer,* N. Breems, M. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency;Multidisciplinary Research Program of the UniversityResearch Initiative, N000914-01-1-0576

Conducted at the Coordinated Science Laboratory

The objective of this proposal is to create a scientificfoundation for the distributed optimization problem ofcontrol and surveillance. The goal of our research is toinvestigate fault-tolerant and secure communication in awireless or wireline environment, (e.g. an ad-hoc sensornetwork). In our approach, we explore and prototype atransparent, high-availability framework for supportingclient-server applications operating over wireline orwireless networks, investigate issues and solutions (e.g. protocols) in supporting reliable and securecommunications in wireless (e.g. sensor networks), and develop a remote vehicle testbed to investigate and test real-time, secure, and fault-tolerant control.

A Compiler-Enabled Model and Measurement-DrivenAdaptation Environment for Dependability andPerformanceR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, K. [email protected] Science Foundation, CNS-0406351


This proposal has the potential for innovation of newmeasurement-driven and compiler enabled early detection,making the task of detection and diagnosis of performanceproblems and operational faults more efficient. To builddetectors that can predict the likelihood of failures, we willuse experimental system analysis to identify correlationsbetween system behaviors and subsequent failureoccurrence. Our research will employ measurement dataand their analysis, together with compiler analysis ofprogram behavior, to devise a methodology for data-drivendiscovery of early symptoms of errors, characterization ofsystem/application sensitivity to errors, and identificationof locations to place new detectors and guide engineeringof application-specific detectors.

Future Communication Technology for Public SafetyL. Liu,* J. P. Monks, W.-M. HwuMotorola, Inc.


In the next decade, the communications technology forpublic safety officials will be revamped to take advantageof the capability of modern digital communicationsystems. It is, however, unlikely that current commercialdigital communication schemes will be able to satisfy thestringent requirement of constant connection, very lowpower, congestion control, and ease of use. The goal ofthis project is to define the architecture of the public safetydigital communication systems via careful analysis of fieldrequirements and creation of new communicationprotocols. An interdisciplinary approach is taken tointegrate user behavior studies with core technologydevelopment.

Capacity Versus Robustness: A Tradeoff forRestoration in Mesh NetworksS. Lumetta,* S. KimDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA972-99-1-0005


Researchers are investigating capacity-efficient recoverymethods in high-speed networks. The team recently


demonstrated an extension of generalized loopback thatoperates on a subgraph of the full backup graph in anexisting network. The backup capacity on remaining linkscan then be used to carry unprotected traffic, while allprimary fibers retain failure protection. The resultsdemonstrate robustness comparable or superior to thatavailable with covers of rings while providing anadditional unprotected traffic capacity of roughly 20% of the network’s primary capacity.

Reliable, Efficient Communication on a Fast Ethernet ClusterS. Lumetta,* J. JohUniversity of Illinois, Campus Research Board


Networks of workstations (NOWs) have proven to be aninexpensive yet effective alternative to vendor-packagedparallel architectures. The performance of NOW’s runningon Fast Ethernet is often limited by TCP/IPcommunication overhead between the nodes in NOWs.Researchers are developing a new, lightweight, reliablecommunication protocol incorporating ideas of user-levelcommunication, lightweight flow control, and multiplenetwork interfaces per connection. The protocol supportsthe large body of existing parallel applications written tothe Message Passing Interface standard. Researchers willevaluate the effectiveness of their design in terms of theperformance of these applications when using theirprotocol.

Survivability and Reliability in Direct Access NetworksS. Lumetta,* L. LiDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA972-99-1-0005


Researchers are developing routing and recovery protocolsto provide reliable connectivity in direct access opticalnetworks (DANs). DANs decouple access from routing,allowing new users to access to the network withoutincurring the high cost of an optical switch. Through thisdecoupling, researchers enable more cost-effective andreliable network expansion. Direct access also simplifiesthe models of ownership by reducing the depth of theownership hierarchy and the number of potential securityhazards and points of failure for a connection. Finally,DANs allow network providers to offer a wider variety ofbandwidth and reliability options.

An Adaptive, High-Performance SoftwareInfrastructure for Hierarchical SystemsS. Lumetta*National Science Foundation, CISE/ACIR Career Award


Machines with deep memories now dominatesupercomputing and provide most enterprise-levelcomputing, making the successful development of ageneral-purpose approach to such platforms imperative.Researchers are developing a high-performanceinfrastructure for these systems through the construction of four key components: a virtual machine that abstractsresource allocation and management issues into a simpleinterface; a hierarchy-aware run-time system that offers theillusion of a nonhierarchical system by adapting to thecurrent hierarchical virtual machine; language constructsand dynamic compiler support to tune applicationbehavior; and applications that demonstrate the value of the framework.

Creating an Integrated Modular Environment for theModeling, Analysis, and Verification of EmbeddedHybrid SystemsN. Neogi,* V. V. Lam, W. H. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR-0311616


We are creating a tightly integrated design, analysis,verification, and implementation environment for real-time, safety-critical embedded hybrid systems. Results will include a formalism-independent framework forembedded hybrid system architectural specification;efficient analysis and verification techniques that mitigatethe state explosion problem by using escape paths andreward structures to create a directed search of the statespace; and an integrated suite of stochastic modeling andanalysis tools that augment the Möbius modeling tool withadvanced techniques that solve scalable and complexhybrid models with respect to performance anddependability measures and capture the interactionstypically found in embedded hybrid systems.


Immersive Network Simulation TestbedD. M. Nicol*[email protected]. Department of Homeland Security


We are developing a network simulator for use in exercisesby organizations interested in practicing their response toattacks on their IT infrastructure. The simulator uses highperformance modeling and execution techniques, runs inreal-time, and supports user interaction with simulateddevices using emulation to provide a transparent veneer. A key goal is to use the simulator to automatically produce exercise “injects” that prompt players to react to simulated events.

Modeling and Analysis for Network Security AssessmentD. M. Nicol*[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency


We are developing simulation-based tools and technologyto help a network analyst assess the impact of hypotheticalattacks in a network, the effectiveness of defenses andcountermeasures, and the quantified ability to continueoperations in the face of a network attack. The result ofour work will better enable network administrators anddesigners to protect their systems, and to quantify the cost,risk, and functionality tradeoffs inherent in networkdefense.

Survivable Trust for Critical InfrastructureD. M. Nicol*[email protected] Science Foundation


We are exploring the design of a distributed trustbackbone, based on computational nodes that providehardened attestation for their hardware and softwareidentities, organized as a peer-to-peer network. We arefocusing on application of this technology to securityapplications in IT management of critical infrastructuresystems, such as SCADA.

Measurement of Transient Errors in MicroprocessorsJ. Patel,* K. Wells, H. KommarajuJet Propulsion Laboratory


This research addresses the measurement of error rates incommercial microprocessors. Microprocessors are corecomputing engines in the NASA Remote Exploration andExperimentation Project (REE). One serious problem issingle-event upsets due to high intensity radiation in outerspace. Knowledge of these error rates is essential in thedesign of the highly fault-tolerant REE computingsystems. The measurement of these error rates is the focusof the proposed research. The research will generatesoftware tools that are capable of measuring andcharacterizing any errors in microprocessors.

VLSI TestJ. Patel,* A. PandeySemiconductor Research Corp.


The cost of test application of a single chip grows as afunction of the number of clock cycles and/or number ofstorage bits required to test a chip. As a result, testapplication time and test data volume have become seriousproblems in testing of system-on-chip designs. In thisresearch, new scan and BIST organizations are beingdevised that reduce not just data volume but also test time and associated hardware. Hybrid DFT techniques that combine BIST with deterministic scan vectors are also being investigated.

Designing Protection and Adaption into a Survivability Architecture: Demonstration and Validation (DPASA-DV)W. H. Sanders,* A. Agbaria, T. Courtney, M. Ihde, M. Seri, S. Singh, F. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, F30602-02-C-0134 (Subcontracted from BBNTechnologies)

The goal of this project is to develop a survivabilityarchitecture and implementation for a large, distributedpublish and subscribe system and then to verify that thearchitecture and implementation enable the system towithstand attacks from a knowledgeable and sophisticatedadversary for a significant period of time. The architecture,implementation, and survivability validation methodologywe are producing will set a new standard for design


methodologies and integrated technologies that ensurecontinuous performance of mission-critical, network-centric systems defended against skilled adversaries.

Intrusion Tolerance by UnpredictableAdaptation (ITUA)W. H. Sanders,* A. Agbaria, T. Courtney, V. Gupta, J. Lyons, H. Ramasamy, M. Seri, S. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, #F30602-00-C-0172 (Subcontracted from BBNTechnologies)


The goal of the ITUA project is to develop an architecturefor building dependable and intrusion-tolerant distributedsystems. The gateway or proxy created by the projectallows distributed applications to request and obtain adesired level of survivability or dependability and includesa manager that attempts to meet the requested survivabilityor dependability levels by configuring the system inresponse to outside requests and changes in systemresources due to faults.

ITR: Experimental Validation of Large-ScaleNetworked Software SystemsW. H. Sanders,* R. Barnes, B. Brothers, P. Cerny, S. Chen,M. Conte, T. Courtney, M. Cukier, D. Daly, L. de Moura,S. Derisavi, M. Hamman, G. Hamon, W.-M. Hwu, R. K. Iyer, K. R. Joshi, Z. Kalbarczyk, H. S. Kim, T. H. Kim, V. V. Lam, R. M. Lefever, Z. Liu, S. Lumetta,J. Matarazzo, J. Rushby, J. Sias, M. Sorea, A. Tiwari, Z. Yang, J. [email protected] Science Foundation, Information TechnologyResearch Program, #0086096


This research is developing the theory, methodology, and tools necessary to experimentally validate thedependability, performance, and survivability of large-scale networked software systems. The intention is todevelop a comprehensive framework for validating (via experimental and model-based methods) large-scalenetworked software systems. Taken as a whole, this work will provide a sound and fundamental approach to validation of networked software and applications.

NGS: A Compiler-Enabled Model- and Measurement-Driven Adaptation Environment for Dependability and PerformanceW. H. Sanders,* V. S. Adve, M. Hiltunen, R. K. Iyer, R. L. Plante, R. D. [email protected] Science Foundation, CNS-0406351


Next-generation parallel and distributed computing mustbe dependable and have predictable performance in orderto meet the requirements of increasingly complexscientific and commercial applications. This research will result in production and distribution of a practical,integrated compiler and middleware system that usesonline models and measurement techniques to achieveperformance and dependability in a scalable manner undera wide variety of changing conditions. The techniques we develop could ultimately impact many diverse andcritical applications, including those in the electric powerdistribution, aerospace, healthcare, and financial servicessectors.

U.S.-Germany Cooperative Research: Analysis ofMulti-Paradigm Möbius Models Using Kronecker-Based TechniquesW. H. Sanders,* P. [email protected] Science Foundation, INT-0233490


This collaborative proposal between the University ofIllinois and Dortmund University is working to makepossible the use of Kronecker representations and analysis methods within the Möbius framework.

Efficient Algorithms for Temporal Planning underNonlinear ConstraintsB. W. Wah,* C.-W. Hsu, F. Li, M. [email protected] Science Foundation, NSF 03-12084


This research involves the development of formalmathematical conditions for reducing the search space ofplanning problems and the demonstration of performanceimprovements in search engines of planner and otherdiscrete searches. By formulating temporal planningproblems as dynamic optimization problems with dynamicvariables that evolve over time, this research finds new


node-dominance conditions by developing the necessaryand sufficient conditions for local optimality. Bypartitioning the search into stages and by finding onlydominating states in each stage using the conditionsdeveloped, the search for feasible or optimal plans can be restricted to a much smaller subspace in each stage.

Loss Concealment for Real-Time Multimedia over IP NetworksB. W. Wah,* D. Lin, X., Su, H. [email protected] Communication Center


This research entails the design of effective multiple-description coding (MDC) algorithms at senders of IPnetworks, like the Internet, that take into account thereconstruction method used at receivers for concealing lostpackets, in order to deliver audio and video data packetsover these networks in real time with high quality (bothsubjectively as well as objectively). Loss concealment ofcompressed multimedia data is essential because manycoding algorithms remove temporal differences in order to achieve high coding efficiency, thereby introducing apervasive dependency structure into the bit stream. As aresult, losses due to dropped packets or late arrivals willresult in the loss of subsequent dependent frames, leadingto audio or visual artifacts that can be long lasting andannoying. We have chosen MDC because it is effective for concealing losses in transmissions without explicitredundancy control and for networks without prioritytransmissions. Empirical tests on the Internet show thatpacket losses are bursty with small burst lengths. Statisticsalso shows that two descriptions in MDC are adequate inmost situations, whereas four descriptions will allow us tocontrol unrecoverable losses under 8% in the worst sitemeasured. Our research results in efficient MDCalgorithms that are input independent, without requiringrun-time adaptation of the algorithms to new inputs.

Stochastic Anytime Search with Applications inAutonomous Planning and SchedulingB. W. Wah,* Y. Chen, M. [email protected] Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA NCC2-1230


This research entails the development of a theory and itsassociated derivative-free search algorithms in order tosolve constrained nonlinear programming problems(NSPs) with discrete, continuous, or mixed-integer

variables. Our secondary goal is to apply the algorithmsdeveloped in autonomous control and planning in NASAapplications. The research characterizes constrained localminima in NLPs by necessary and sufficient conditions on points in the unconstrained penalty function, developsstochastic anytime search algorithms that generatesolutions of improved quality when given more time andcomputational resources, and applies the search algorithmsto solve problems in autonomous control and planning.

Streaming Audio and Video Data with Transformation-based Error ConcealmentB. W. Wah,* B. Sat, H. [email protected] Center for Communications, University ofIllinois


This research is on the design of protocols and codingmethods for the concealment of errors that occur duringreal-time transmissions of audio and video data overunreliable IP networks, such as the Internet and wirelessnetworks. Since video and audio transmissions maytolerate some degree of loss, this research analyzesschemes that involve trade-offs in their real-timerequirements and tolerance to loss. By studying propercoding of transmitted data, protocols to scheduletransmissions and feedbacks, and reconstruction schemes to recover lost data, the results developed can be applied to emerging multimedia-ready 3G and 4G cellular networks.

Remote SensingHolographic VelocimetryR. J. Adrian* (Theoret. & Appl. Mech.); G. Papen, D. Barnhart; T. J. Hanratty (Chem. Engr.)U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-90-J-1415; U.S.Department of Energy, DE-FG05-87ER75508; ArgonneNational Laboratory, ANL 828-62403


One of the goals of experimental fluid flow is to verifylarge computational models. This requires the remotemeasurement of the 3-D velocity vector within a flow.This project uses twin frequency-doubled YAG lasers torecord two holograms of the fluid flow at two instants intime. The complete velocity field is then reconstructed byperforming 3-D correlations of tracer particles withinsingle volume elements (typically 1 mm3).


Advanced Solid-State Lidar for the Scott-AdmundsenSouth Pole StationG. C. Papen,* C. S. Gardner*National Science Foundation, OPP 92-19898 DPP


Current models of ozone depletion over the Antarcticpredict that some of the major chemical mechanisms occur on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs).In addition, the energy-coupling mechanisms from thelower to the upper atmosphere over the Antarctic are notwell understood. Researchers are deploying an advancedlidar system at the South Pole that is capable of measuringcharacteristics of the morphology of the PSCs. They willalso measure upper atmospheric wave activity using Na as a tracer.

Testing of Parallel Optical Fiber LinksG. C. PapenNational Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166


Advanced optical interconnections based on parallel spacedivision multiplexing using a fiber ribbon or wavelengthdivision multiplexing using multiple wavelengths within asingle fiber require new techniques to measure and modelperformance. These techniques are being developedbecause the aggregate data rates through these parallelspaces exceed 15 Gbits/s. Researchers are developingtesting methodologies and equipment to test and model the performance of these high-speed data links.

High Latitude Mesospheric Dynamic and Chemistry StudiesG. R. Swenson,* A. LiuNational Science Foundation, ATM 99-0859


Studies of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphereand aurora will be performed with imaging andspectroscopy instrumentation at the NSF backscatter radarfacility in Sondrestrom, Greenland. The measurementstudies will be complemented by radar measurements aswell as an all-sky imagery measurement provided byestablished instrumentation at the site. University ofIllinois instrumentation includes a 4-channel photometerdirected along the magnetic meridian, a CCD transmissionimaging spectrometer, and a CCD all-sky airglow camera.Scientific objectives include the study of momentum andenergy flux carried by propagating waves, chemistry

associated with thin sporadic E and metal layers, andparticle energy flux and beam characteristic energy ofprecipitating auroral particle beams. Image processing of 2-D spectrograms and 2-D images of atmosphericobservations is a major activity with this program.

Imaging Studies of Mesospheric Gravity WavesG. R. Swenson,* A. LiuNational Science Foundation, ATM 00-03180


Small-scale waves propagate from the lower atmosphericconvection and mountain driven sources to the upperatmosphere. Existing chemiluminescence producesairglows, which are perturbed by the waves. Airglowimagers observe the perturbations and the horizontalwavelength, and amplitude of the waves are measured. The waves carry momentum and energy, which caninteract with the large-scale dynamics to cause majordynamic effects. Observations have been made atAlbuquerque, New Mexico, and currently at Maui, Hawaii, where the University of Illinois lidar makescomplementary measurements. Signal processing isaccomplished to extract the intrinsic wave parameters and power and spectral characteristics of the horizontalwave structure.

Technology Development for the MIDEX WAVES SatelliteG. R. Swenson,* C. S. GardnerNational Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG5-8569


This program involves the development of technologiesassociated with a multiple sensor remote sensing satellitedesigned to measure small-scale waves in the middle andupper atmosphere. These studies include specifically thedemonstration of infrared sensor array technology. Arraysensors are planned for 1.26 and 1.45 microns that can beoperated at elevated temperatures (160 K) but retain lownoise attributes. This technology allows passive radiatorsrather than active refrigeration, enabling the sensors tooperate with low power at a reliable, long lifetime on asmall satellite. Other technologies include the developmentof remote sensing signatures from optical emissions asindicators of atmospheric dynamics for both thestratosphere and mesosphere. Instrumentation includesboth nadir and limb imagers and spectrometers as well as a Michelson interferometer to measure Doppler winds.


Semiconductor Lasers1065 and 1040 nm DBR Laser DiodesJ. J. Coleman*HRL Laboratories


Narrow linewidth, tunable semiconductor lasers are ofinterest to a variety of applications, including fiber opticcommunication systems, optical generation of microwaveradiation, remote optical sensing, and molecularspectroscopy. Various configurations of tunable lasers have been analyzed, and a two- or three-section distributedfeedback (DFB) or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser is often the choice. The goal of these programs is to develop narrow linewidth, single longitudinal mode,strained layer InGaAs DBR laser diodes operating near1065 and 1040 nm for remote sensing applications.

Development of Advanced Laser Diode Sources for Remote-Sensing ApplicationsJ. J. Coleman,* G. C. Papen*National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG 1-1861


Several outstanding technical issues for narrowbandsystems, such as water vapor DIAL lidars, must beresolved before solid-state, laser-based remote-sensingsystems have widespread use. One issue is thedevelopment of cw local oscillators (LOs) based onsemiconductor laser diode technology for use as injectionseeders, which has not been fully realized because of thesevere linewidth, tunability, and stability requirements ofnarrowband systems. This project will develop novelsemiconductor devices specifically for use as tunable LO sources for narrowband water vapor DIAL systemsoperating in the 940 nm region. Researchers will focus ona novel ridge-waveguide, distributed-Bragg-reflector laser,which has significant performance improvements foroptical remote-sensing applications relative toconventional Fabry-Perot or distributed-feedback lasers.

EOSS+ Laser Diode SubstrateJ. J. Coleman*Northrop Grumman Corp.


The electro-optic test station known as the EOSS+ isdesigned to support the testing of laser platforms at 1.064

mm through the use of a laser diode source. Thecharacteristics of this diode, such as center wavelength and peak power, are determined by the capabilities of the test receiver and the design of the EOSS+ unit itself.The purpose of this program is to provide for thefabrication of a custom-built diode grown from a novel substrate designed to meet specification.

High Brightness Laser DiodesJ. J. Coleman*Nuvonyx, Inc.


The objective of this program is to address several issuesrelated to the MOCVD growth and characterization ofInGaAs-GaAs strained layer lasers in the range of 920 nmto 1080 nm for high brightness applications. This approachwill be to develop a real index guided laser with integratedbeam expanders and other active and passive opticsformed by selective area epitaxy. Present narrow stripesemiconductor lasers are generally limited to less than 200 mW of fundamental mode output power, because ofthe narrow aperture. If the beam can be expanded whileretaining fundamental mode operation, then the operatingpower can be correspondingly increased.

Narrow Linewidth, Multiple Wavelength,Simultaneous-Emission Laser Diodes for RemoteOptical Sensing and Other ApplicationsJ. J. Coleman*National Science Foundation, ECS 9900258


The proposal describes a program to developmultiwavelength, simultaneous-emission lasers based on a ridge-waveguide distributed Bragg reflectorsemiconductor laser. The specific example of anapplication that defines the need of such lasers is thedifferential absorption, remote optical sensing of watervapor. A multiwavelength source with closely spacednarrow laser lines would be useful to obtain the detailedabsorption profile without having to turn the laser on and off the absorption peak as is practiced currently. This program is designed to study and develop a simplemultiple wavelength source suitable for these kinds ofapplications.


Semiconductor Laser Transmitters forIntegrated Optical InterconnectsJ. J. Coleman*National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166


This program involves development of semiconductorlasers suitable for use in integrated optoelectronics. There are a number of key technical issues to be addressedin this program, including the development of etched facet structures, distributed feedback and distributed Braggreflector grating structures, monolithic space divisionmultiplexing arrays designed for fiber coupling, selectiveepitaxy for wavelength division multiplexing arrays andfor multielement integration, master oscillator-poweramplifier (MOPA) configurations, frequency stabilization,and distributed Bragg pulse shaper high-speed parallel-to-serial packet encoders.

Naturally Nanostructured Epitaxial SemiconductorsJ. M. Gibson,* D. G. Cahill, J. E. Greene, A. M. Zangwill,J. J. ColemanNational Science Foundation, DMR 9705440


This FRG/GOALI proposal addresses basic materialsscience and engineering issues in a collaborative programbetween the University of Illinois and Hewlett-PackardLaboratories to understand fundamental phenomena andinteractions associated with naturally nanostructuredepitaxial semiconductors. Goals of the project are to obtainsemiconductor epitaxial nanostructures smaller thanfeasible via lithography and to examine their applicationsto novel devices. Strain-induced self-organization andkinetically driven pattern formation are two approachesbeing taken to achieve naturally nanostructured materials.

Semiconductor PhysicsConcurrent Electro-Thermal Modeling of Ultra-ScaledMOS TechnologiesZ. Aksamija, U. Ravaioli*[email protected] Science Foundation, SBC PU 501-1045-01

This is an interdisciplinary collaborative project withMechanical Engineering at Purdue University. The goalsare to couple Monte Carlo device simulation of nanoscaledevices with detailed phonon transport simulation, tounderstand thermal effects in ultrascaled integrated

devices, and to formulate device design strategies tominimize heat generation.

Heterojunctions, Transport, Ion Implantation, andDefects in III-V SemiconductorsK. Hess,* S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin, Y. Li, W. [email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-89-J-1470


The nanostructure related research is focused on electronicproperties of carbon nanotubes. We are particularlyinterested in metal-semiconductor transitions of thesetubes due to a perturbation of the symmetry. We haveshown that this transition can give rise to transistorfunction (a metallic field effect transistor). Work on topics in quantum information, particularly the Theorem of Bell, is also in progress.

High Field Transport of Free Carriers at InterfacesK. Hess,* F. [email protected]. Army Research Office, DAAL03-86-K-0099


In this research, we are studying the ultimate limitations of electronic transport in silicon and III-V compounds,including superlattices and the corresponding potential for new devices, as well as the advantages of includingheterolayers in conventional devices. The theoreticalapproach includes Monte Carlo simulations and explicitsolutions of the Boltzmann equation. We are alsodeveloping a new algorithm to solve problems of quantum transport.

Monte Carlo to the Limits of MOS ScalabilityK. Hess,* U. Ravaioli,* G. Kathawala, M. [email protected] Research Corporation, NJ-1044


The goal of this research is to develop 3-D full-bandMonte Carlo simulation software for the analysis ofnanoscale MOS structures. Devices investigated includedouble-gate MOSFET and FinFET. An original quantumcorrection scheme has been developed to include sizequantization effects in the semiclassical Monte Carloprocedure. Comparisons are carried out with quantumsimulation approaches based on nonequilibrium Green’sfunction formalism.


Network of Computational NanotechnologyK. Hess,* S. Hu, S. Barraza-Lopez, S. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR-01-21616


This work is part of a Multi-University National ScienceFoundation Center. The main goal of our work is thesimulation of tubular nanostructures. We investigate bothnanostructures of biology, such as biological ion channels,as well as nanostructures related to solid state electronics,such as carbon nanotubes. The tools of the investigationare based on and developed by methods of computationalelectronics (e.g. Monte Carlo simulations).

3-D Self-Consistent Simulation of Quantum Dot SpinTransistors of Quantum Information ProcessingJ. P. Leburton,* M. [email protected] Research Corporation, 2003-NJ-1045

Conducted in the Beckman Institute for AdvancedScience and Technology

This research concentrates on developing 3-D self-consistent computer tools for realistic simulation of spinoperation in silicon quantum dot spin effects transistors in order to assess their feasibility and viability forapplications in quantum information processing. Weconsider Si FET-device configurations similar to Kane’sproposal to achieve a C-NOT gate. Our purpose is toobtain a coherent 3-D picture of the interdependenceamong physical parameters and device considerations forspin-qubit operations, and to provide design rules foroptimizing the device.

Scalable Spin-Qubit Circuits with Quantum DotsJ. P. Leburton,* D. Melnikov, J. Kim, L. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, QuISTprogram, DAAD19-01-1-0659


This research is aimed at achieving a scalable elementaryspin-qubit circuit for quantum computing that is based on the manipulation of electron spins in coupled III-Vsemiconductor quantum dots (QDs). We take advantage of the advanced technology for planar and lateral QDsAlGAs/GaAs heterostructures and the fact that the electron

effective mass is small, which eases the conditions forquantum confinement. Moreover, III-V materials enjoylong spin coherence times, which is of utmost importancefor preserving quantum information over many qubitoperations. For this purpose, we have assembled aninternational research team involving the University of Basel, the University of Delft, Harvard University,Princeton University, and Tokyo University. Teammembers have complementary expertise in the physics of quantum computation and spintronics in nanostructures.These areas of expertise are fully integrated into acoherent and interactive effort, leading to the realization of an elementary qubit circuit.

Simulation of Charge Transport in Ionic ChannelsU. Ravaioli,* T. A. Van der Straaten, G. A. Kathawala, Y. [email protected] Network for Computational Nanotechnology

The well developed tools of computational electronicshave been adapted to simulate ion transport in biologicalchannels, treated as nanoscale natural devices. Continuum(drift-diffusion) and particle (Trasport Monte Carlo)simulation approaches have been developed whereinteraction with the aqueous environment is resolved interms of mobility or scattering rate. The goal of this workis to provide a scalable input-output description of naturalnanopores for uses in bioelectronic sensor design.Artificial or biomimetic nanopores are also investigatedwith similar simulation tools, for the design of artificialmembranes incorporating features of biological ones.

The Science and Technology of Nano/MolecularElectronics: Theory, Simulation, and ExperimentalCharacterizationU. Ravaioli,* R. Ravishankar, Z. [email protected] University Research Initiative on Nanotechnology,U.S. Army Research Office, SIT 527826-08


This project is part of a DURINT multi-university effort,with Stevens Institute of Technology as lead institution.The specific goals of this subcontract are to developnanelectronics simulation tools to understand the ultimatelimits of silicon technology and explore new deviceconcepts based on quantum effects. The emphasis of thework is on 3-D simulation and high performance parallelcomputing, using nonequilibrium Green’s function andMonte Carlo simulation approaches.


SemiconductorsGe-Sb-Te Phase Change Materials: Optical andElectronic Properties, Structural Transformations, and Fabrication of NanostructuresS. G. Bishop,* B.-S. Lee, J. R. [email protected] Science Foundation, DMR-0412939


The properties of Ge-Sb-Te alloys and the rapidamorphous-crystalline phase change that they exhibit are being investigated using ellipsometry, opticalabsorption and reflection spectroscopy, photoconductivity,photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, Hall effect,high resolution TEM, and fluctuation electron microscopy.Specific problems include: optical, electronic, andstructural characterization of sputtered thin films of the materials; the effects of composition, conditions ofsynthesis, thermal annealing, and optical or e-beamirradiation on their properties; detection andcharacterization of nano-crystallites in the amorphousphase and their role in the phase change mechanism; the spatial limits/resolution of the phase change, aimed at fabricating quantum structures.

Photoluminescence Studies of SemiconductorNanostructures and Rare Earth-doped Semiconductor MaterialsS. G. Bishop,* I. Adesida, J. J. Coleman, J. O. WhiteUniversity of Illinois


This research program applies photoluminescence (PL),photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, time resolvedPL, and PL imaging to the characterization of defects and impurities in bulk and epitaxial semiconductormaterials, and the composition, doping, thickness,interfaces, uniformity, and quantum confinement effects in semiconductor nanostructures. Rare earth-dopedsemiconducting glasses and rare earth implanted GaN arebeing developed as sources of near- and mid-IR radiation.Excitation of the intra-4f shell emission from rare earthdopants (e.g. Er3+, Pr3+, Dy3+) in chalcogenide glasses bybroad band optical absorption in the Urbach edge of the host glass is under investigation as a novel opticalpumping mechanism.

High Quantum Efficiency Infrared PhotodetectorArrays Based on Nanowire HeterostructuresY. C. Chang* (Physics), K.-Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh*[email protected] Reconnaissance Office, NRC000-05-C-0023


The goal of this project is to developed high quantum-efficiency, high color-contrast multi-wavelength quantumwire infrared photodetector (QWRIP) arrays. The QWRIPuses a self-assembly approach to create high-densitynanoscale quantum wire structures that provide the basisfor high quantum efficiency infrared detection. TheQWRIP combines the best features of the quantum wellinfrared photodetector (QWIP) and quantum dot infraredphotodetector (QDIP) to offer normal incidenceabsorption, high quantum efficiency, and adjustableinfrared absorption from 8 to 40 mm. Unique polarizationsensitive absorption properties of quantum wires enabletwo distinct quantum wire infrared detection layers (or a quantum wire layer and a quantum well layer) withdifferent spectral responses to be monolithically integratedwithout interference, yielding excellent color contrast.

Bio-Optoelectronics Sensor Systems CenterK.-Y. Cheng,* S. L. Chuang,* M. Feng,* N. Holonyak,Jr.,* K. C. Hsieh,* Z. P. Liang*[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA 972-00-1-0020


The goal of this center program is the development of integrated optoelectronic technologies, includingmaterials, devices, integrated interferometers, opticalmicroelectromechanical system (MEMS) spectrometers,and heterogeneous integration, that are critical to therealization of integrated and reconfigurable biological and biochemical sensor systems. Microspectrometer andinterferometer-waveguide-based optoelectronic biosensorsystems will be developed to improve the size, cost,sensitivity, and signature resolution of the fieldable sensorsfor detecting biological and chemical entities in theenvironment in real-time through on-chip opticalmeasurements.


Center of Hyper-Uniform Nanophotonic Technologiesfor Ultra-Fast Optoelectronic Systems (HUNT Center)K.-Y. Cheng,* M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* K. C. Hsieh,R. D. Dupuis* (Georgia Tech Univ.), V. Narayanamurti*(Harvard Univ.), W. I. Wang* (Columbia Univ.)[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, UniversityPhotonics Research Centers Program, HR0011-04-1-0034


The mission of the HUNT Center (Center of Hyper-Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies for Ultra-FastOptoelectronic Systems) is the development of criticaltechnologies, including hyper-uniform nano-photonicfabrication, high performance quantum dot vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers, and ultra-fast light-emittingtransistor-based lasers for the realization of ultra-fast(≥ 100Gb/s) optoelectronic interconnect systems. Centerprograms encompass semiconductor nanoscale materialsgrowth, nano-patterning, nanoscale material analysis,nanostructure laser device design and fabrication, opticalreceiver design and fabrication, as well as high-speedoptoelectronics integrated heterogeneously on a commonsemiconductor platform to perform ultra-fast opticalinterface functions.

GaAs-based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor StructuresK -Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh*[email protected] Systems


The goal of this research program is to develop oxidedeposition techniques for the fabrication of GaAs-basedmetal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs). Various oxides, including SiO2, Al2O3,Ga2O3, and Gd3Ga5O12 are deposited on GaAs in anultrahigh vacuum system at Bell Laboratories to formMOS structures. Researchers will characterize theirstructural, optical, and chemical properties throughtransmission electron microscopy, photoluminescencespectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy,respectively, to improve the oxide deposition process.

Ultra-High-Speed Heterojunction Bipolar TransistorsK.-Y. Cheng*[email protected] Research Corporation, SRC-2001-NJ-946


The goal of this research is to develop viable techniquesthat allow demonstration of Inp-based HBTs withfT>400GHz for insertion into the ultra-high-speed (>100 GHz) circuits.

VCSEL and Smart Pixel Research for VLSI Photonic SystemsK.-Y. Cheng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* M. Feng,* K. C. Hsieh*[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, DAAG55-98-1-0303


The purpose of this research is to develop technologyrelated to VLSI photonic systems. The scope of theprogram ranges from basic materials research, to thefabrication of large-scale integrated circuits, to advancedtechnologies for the integration of systems inheterogeneous materials. Goals of the project include the design, growth, fabrication, and testing of III-Vsemiconductor vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers; thedevelopment of smart pixels, circuits for the detection ofoptical signals, intelligent routing of the information, andre-emission of optical signals; and the development oftechniques for the integration of heterogeneous materials.

Materials Research for High-PerformanceOptoelectronic Devices Employing III-V CompoundSemiconductor Native Oxide LayersN. Holonyak, Jr.*National Science Foundation, DMR-9612283


The primary thrust of this program is the growth andcharacterization of heteroepitaxial materials employingquantum wells, quantum dots, layer disordering, and nativeoxide device definition, e.g. buried apertures. This work isfocused on the development of better lasers, LEDs, andtransistor lasers.


Surface Engineering for Compliant EpitaxyK. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng,* I. AdesidaDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F49620-98-1-0496


The goal of this research is to realize dislocation-free and stress-relaxed lattice mismatched epitaxy growth ofdifferent compound semiconductors on various substratesacross the whole wafer or on selected areas for deviceintegration applications. Our immediate goals includefundamental understanding of the growth conditionsrelated to the formation of strained-modulated and defect-absorbing templates and the development of techniques to fully control the formation of strain-absorbing anddeformable growth templates with an emphasis onprocessing simplicity and system integrability. InP-basedoptoelectronic and microwave devices will be integratedselectively on surface-engineered GaAs substrates.

Wafer Bonding for Advanced Optoelectronic DevicesK. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. ChengDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA 972-00-1-0020


The goal of this research is to develop wafer-bondingtechnologies for hybrid integrating mismatched devicestructures for advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits.The potential applications include fabricating high-performance visible LEDs, vertical-cavity-surface-emittinglasers, resonant-cavity photodetectors, 2-D and 3-Dphotonic crystals, and high-performance semi-insulatingwafer substrates. Our current efforts are focused ondeveloping high-efficient wafer-bonding strategy andfundamental understanding of the hybrid interfaceproperties, including interface microstructures, electricaland optical characteristics, interface strain/stress andadhesion properties, and so forth. The long-term goals will include developing chip-scale photonic/electronicintegration methodologies for high-density 3-Darchitectures.

ITR/SY: Foundations of Solid-State QuantumInformation ProcessingP. G. Kwiat,* A. J. Leggett, M. B. Salamon, J. R. Tucker,D. Van HarlingenNational Science Foundation, EIA-01-21568

The core of this program is an exploration of three distinctbut related solid state technologies as candidates for

quantum information processing: single spins onindividual P-donors in silicon, ferromagnetic particles inclose proximity to a superconductor, and superconductorphase electronics based on Josephson tunneling andSQUIDs. Supporting this effort will be a theorycomponent that addresses key issues concerning theevolution and monitoring of quantum-entangled states and an experimental study of qubit dynamics using thehighly developed techniques of modern quantum optics.

Biologically Inspired Artificial Haircell SensorsC. Liu,* D. L. Jones, F. DelcomynU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-01-1-0496


This work is aimed at developing artificial haircell sensorsthat are inspired by biological haircell sensors. This work is focused on studying the fundamental principles of neurological responses of haircells to developmicromachined devices that mimic the performance of biological entities.

CAD Design Tools for Millimeter-Wave WirelessCommunication MicrosystemsC. Liu,* M. Feng, S. M. Kang, E. Michielssen, J. Schutt-AinéDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Composite-CAD Program, F30602-97-0328


A mixed technology computer-aided design system isbeing developed for the cost effective design of wirelesscommunication modules that will ultimately enablenetworked distributed MEMS. The module, operating atmillimeter-wave frequencies, will allow direct interfacebetween MEMS transducers and the free-spaceelectromagnetic radiation. MEMS components offerunique advantages for RF circuits. As an example,micromechanical switches exhibit lower insertion loss andhigher isolation compared with conventional electronicsswitching components. MEMS fabrication technology forsilicon and composed semiconductor materials is beingstudied in order to realize mechanical RF switches as wellas high-gain antennas to validate results of the E-Msimulation.


Efficient Computational Prototyping of MixedTechnology Microfluidic Components and SystemsC. Liu*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency


The objective is to develop microfluid components(including pumps and valves), materials (includingpolymeric MEMS and biodegradable materials), andapplications (including drug delivery systems). Microfluidcircuits are on the scale of micrometer to millimeter; theyare used to transport biological and chemical materials.

Integrated Biomimetic Sensors Using Artificial Hair CellsC. Liu,* F. DelcomynNational Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG 5-8781


The main focus of this work is to develop prototypemicromachined artificial haircell (AHC) sensors that canbe used as modular building blocks for a variety of sensorsfor sensing acceleration, flow rate, and tactile information.

Integrated Capillary Microelectrode Arrays for Studiesof Olfactory Response Patterns in the Insect BrainC. Liu*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, ControlledBiological Systems Program


This project aims to develop the first arrayed capillarymicroelectrodes using integrated microfabricationtechnology and to demonstrate the enhanced capabilitiesfor monitoring neurological behavior of insect olfactorysystems.

Integrated Sensing: Biomimetic Sensors forAutonomous Underwater VehiclesC. Liu,* G. Karniadakis, C. ChryssostomidisNational Science Foundation, ECS 02-25S19


A team of researchers from the University of Illinois andthe MIT Ocean Engineering Department join efforts indeveloping artificial lateral line sensors for autonomousunderwater vehicles (AUV) that are useful for underwaterexploration, warfare, and security. The lateral line sensor isa basic flow sensor for nearly all species of fish and many

amphibian animals. We will develop micromachinedunderwater flow sensors with artificial haircells, shearstress sensors based on thermal transfer, and pressuresensors. Such sensors will be developed on a flexiblesubstrate suitable for underwater applications.

Integrated Sensitive Skin with Advanced DataArchitectureC. Liu,* N. Shanbhag, D. L. JonesNational Science Foundation, IIS 00-80639


An interdisciplinary team of researchers will developmicrofabricated, multiple modality sensor skin withadvanced data structure and signal processing algorithms.A flexible sensor skin that imitates biological tactilesensors faces important challenges in terms ofmicrofabrication, materials, density of sensors, andaccompanying circuits. Prof. Liu and students will develop advanced multimodal sensors with self-configuration capabilities. Prof. Shanbhag is developingenergy efficient signal processors, while Prof. Jones isinterested in developing signal processing algorithms that are biologically inspired.

Mechanically Conformal and ElectronicallyReconfigurable Aperture (RECAP) Using Low-VoltageMEMS and Flexible Membrane for Space-based Radar ApplicationsC. Liu*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency


The objective is to develop micromachined antennas withreconfigurible wavelength and directionality usingmicromachined switches. We are currently developingmicromachining processes based on polymeric materials to realize three-dimensional RF MEMS.

CAREER: Biologically-Inspired Integrated Sensors for Robotics ApplicationsC. Liu*National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 CAR


This CAREER award is aimed at imitating biologicalhaircell sensors that are widely used in the biologicalworld. The research is focused on developingmicromachined artificial haircell sensors for flow sensorapplications.


Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU)C. Liu*National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 REU


This grant provides undergraduate students withopportunities to conduct advanced research projects in C. Liu’s research group.

Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC):Center for Integrated Nanopatterning and DetectionTechnologiesC. Mirkin (Northwestern Univ.), C. Liu, S. Sligar, G. Shartz, M. Ratman, M. Hersam, and othersNational Science Foundation, SBC NW 0830-520-N602


This is an NSEC center project in which more than 20 faculty members located at Northwestern University,the University of Illinois, the University of Chicago, andothers are participating. The central objective of this centeris to develop integrated nanopatterning technologies. Themajor thrusts in this project are nanopatterning techniques,optical chemical sensors, and microfluid platforms forbiological detection. The C. Liu group works in the firstand third areas.

Parallel, Ultrafast Sub-100 NanometerDip-Pen NanolithographyC. Mirkin, (Northwestern Univ.) C. Liu*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Army NW 0650-300F245


The Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) method is uniquelycapable of directly patterning chemicals onto substrateswith sub-100 nm spatial resolution. It is a powerfultechnique for depositing materials for surface chemistry.However, the DPN method typically relies on singleprobes and is serial in nature. In this work, we develophighly parallel arrayed DPN probes using micromachiningtechniques. Both passive and active probes are beingdeveloped. The active probes can be lifted individually.The actuation is based on thermal bimetallic bending orpiezoelectric bending.

Controlled Coupling of Donor Atom Wavefunctions in SiliconJ. Tucker,* J. Kline, S. Robinson, T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.)[email protected]. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-00-1-0407

The goal of this project is to selectively place PH3

molecules onto the hydrogen-terminated silicon surface via STM lithography and overgrow them into the crystal as phosphorous donors. If successful, this work couldprovide a means for constructing quantum computersbased on control of ground-state wavefunctions onindividual P-atom donors. Other potential applicationsinclude single-charge electronics, cellular automata, andnanometer-scale field-effect transistors. Reproduciblecharacteristics are made possible by the large ~5nm Bohrdiameter for individual donor bound states, so thatcoupling between nearest neighbors will be definedaccurately if redistribution is limited to ~1nm or lessduring ultra-low-temperature overgrowth.

Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si-Based Quantum ComputersJ. Tucker,* M. Feng, Y. C. Chang, T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.), R. R. Du (Univ. of Utah)U.S. Army Research Office, 42257-PH-QC

The goal of this multi-investigator program is to developthe basic fabrication and measurement technologiesneeded to implement a silicon-based quantum computer.To do this, researchers must place individual phosphorousdonors into the silicon lattice with atomic precision,establish electrical control over wavefunction overlapbetween donor-pairs, and successfully detect spin states of the resulting two-electron system by measuring thepresence or absence of electronically-induced polarization.The research team does not propose working quantumlogic gates within this three-year project. If successful,however, that goal will be undertaken in a follow-upprogram that incorporates SiGe overgrowth and patterningof individual top-gates for each P-atom donor.


Signal and Image ProcessingDirectional Multiresolution Image Processing: Theory, Algorithms, and ApplicationsM. N. Do,* Y. Lu, J. Zhou, A. [email protected] Science Foundation (CAREER Award)


This project seeks to develop new “true” two-dimensionalrepresentations that can deal more effectively with typicalimages having smooth contours. The focus is on thedevelopment of directional and multiresolution imageexpansions using nonseparable filter banks, in much thesame way that wavelets were constructed from filterbanks. In essence, the proposed research pursuesnonseparable extensions of wavelets and multiresolutiontechniques so that they can capture the directionalinformation—an important and unique feature ofmultidimensional signals. In parallel, newly developedimage representations will be explored in a variety ofapplications, where substantial improvements over current methods are expected.

A Modern Autofocus Methodology with Applications to Radar ImagingM. N. Do,* R. L. [email protected] Science Foundation


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), geophysical and seismicimaging, ultrasound imaging, optical coherencetomography (OCT), and many forms of astronomicalimaging are examples of coherent imaging systems. In practice, due to imprecise knowledge of the motion of the sensor or due to signal propagation through amedium having a spatially varying propagation velocity,the produced imagery is improperly focused. This projectdevelops a modern autofocus methodology that provide asystematic approach to the design of autofocus algorithms.Toward this end, a theoretical paradigm is devised for theautofocus problem in which prior assumptions in theproblem statement are systematically utilized in producing efficient, high-quality image restorations.

Audiovisual Speech Recognition in AutomotiveEnvironmentM. Hasegawa-Johnson,* T. S. Huang, S. [email protected], Inc.


Speech recognition in an automobile is typicallyperformed using a single microphone, often mounted inthe sun-visor in front of the driver. With typical road noise,most recognizers generate too many errors for practicaluse. This research project experiments with speechrecognition using multimodal recordings acquired by avisor-mounted array including eight microphones and fourcameras. We focus on accurate visual face tracking lipfeature extraction and robust audio noise cancellation. Our goal is to demonstrate that error rate of a multichannelaudiovisual recognizer is much lower than error rate of astandard recognizer under automotive test conditions.

Landmark-based Speech Recognition in Music and Speech BackgroundsM. Hasegawa-Johnson*[email protected] Science Foundation, CISE 0132900


Human listeners are able to recognize speech based ondynamic portions of the signal, even if all static portionsare masked by noise or by background music. Thisresearch seeks to develop mathematical models capable of abstracting the perceptual response patterns of humanlisteners. Probabilistic auditory scene analysis usescognitive stochastic automaton models, combined with useof dynamic Bayesian network methods, in order to imitatethe ability of listeners to understand speech mixed with loud background music. Landmark-based speechrecognition imitates the extra sensitivity of humans todynamic as opposed to static signals.


Prosodic, Intonational, and Voice Quality Correlates of DisfluencyM. Hasegawa-Johnson,* J. Cole, C. [email protected] Science Foundation


Prosody is the stress and rhythm pattern of naturallyspoken language. Linguists agree that the sound of aphoneme depends on its prosodic context, butexperimental data describing the prosodic-phonemicinteraction are only now becoming precise enough tosupport efforts in automatic speech recognition. Ourresearch seeks to precisely describe the prosodic-phonemicinteraction using both detailed phonetic analysis andprobabilistic speech recognition models. This research has already succeeded in demonstrating, for the first time in the literature, that the use of prosody can lead to improved word recognition accuracy in a large-vocabulary speech recognition experiment.

Face ProcessingT. S. Huang,* X. Xu, Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, Y. [email protected] Motor Corporation

Research Conducted at the Beckman Institute forAdvanced Science and Technology

Researchers are developing methodologies and algorithmsfor 2-D and 3-D face analysis with applications in facedetection, recognition, tracking, and animation. Foranalysis, we are particularly interested in outdoor scenarioswhere the illumination and head pose are highly varying.For animation, a major project is text- and speech-drivenrealistic synthetic talking faces.

Image and Video DatabasesT. S. Huang,* A. Velivelli, T. Chen, C. [email protected] Motor Corporation

Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and theBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

A number of challenging issues in image and videoindexing and retrieval are being studied. Of particularinterest are the following: similarity- and example-basedretrieval, the use of relevance feedback from users toimprove retrieval performance, and the recognition ofsemantic concepts in video based on multimodal cues.

Multimodal Human–Computer InteractionT. S. Huang,* J. Tu, M. Liu, H. Zhou, J. Y. Lin, D. J. Lin,X. Han, H. Ning, M. [email protected] Science Foundation, IIS 00-85980, IIS 01-38965, and CCF 04-26627

Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

The term “human-computer interaction” is used in a broadsense to include communication between persons andcomputers as well as communication between personsmediated by computers. Researchers are investigating avariety of issues related to the use of computer vision andimage processing in HCI, as well as the integration ofvision, audio, and speech. Examples include visual human(body, face, hand) tracking and analysis, combining speechand visual hand tracking in manipulating virtual objects,audio-visual speech recognition in noisy environments,and audio-visual human emotion recognition.

Video AnalysisT. S. Huang,* N. Petrovic, A. Ivanovic, A. Sethi,S. Rajaram, M. Gupta, Y. Zhou,[email protected] MDA 904-03-C-1787

Research conducted at the Coordinated ScienceLaboratory and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

Researchers are using generative probabilistic models(GPM) to do video analysis. Tasks include stabilization,denoising, superresolution, segmenting video into layers,and video event retrieval based on examples. Applicationsinclude online surveillance and monitoring, and offlineanalysis using video archives.

Remote Reality: 4-D Audio-Visual Reconstruction and Compression from Multiple SensorsD. L. Jones,* M. N. Do,* R. Morrison, H. [email protected] Science Foundation (ITR Grant)


This project develops new signal processing techniques for reconstruction of the audio and visual recording at anarbitrary location in space and time from multiple acousticand video sensors, but extending recent research inadaptive beamforming, multisensor signal processing of


nonstationary signals, and fundamental new advances inmultidimensional signal representation. Practical four-dimensional audiovisual recording, transmission, playback,and remote reality will be demonstrated with low-cost,conventional sensors attached to networked computers,thus confirming the practicality of the proposed methodsand applications.

A Comprehensive Retargetable Embedded SystemsSoftware Development EnvironmentD. L. Jones,* S. Appadwedula, D. [email protected] of Virginia, National Science Foundationsubcontract


New compiler technology and a high-performancesoftware development environment specialized for digitalsignal processors are being developed. Challenging signalprocessing applications in wireless video communicationwill be used as a testbed for evaluating the performance of the new optimizing compiler technology. The newcompilation and software tools will be introduced into aninstructional Digital Signal Processing Laboratory coursefor leading-edge undergraduate education and additionalevaluation.

Solid State DevicesLuminescence and Laser Studies in III-VSemiconductorsN. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. WalterNational Science Foundation, ECS 82-00517

Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratoryin conjunction with the Department of Physics

Heterojunctions in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs and related materialsare being examined. Quantum size effects have beenobserved and have led to single and multiple active layerquantum-well diode light emitters and lasers. Stimulatedemission, absorption, disorder, alloy clustering, carrierscattering, phonon processes, tunneling effects, andimpurity diffusion in these structures are being studied.Impurity-induced disordering and Al-bearing native oxidesare being studied and used to form stripe-geometry lasersand more complicated array structures. Quantum welllasers have been operated in an external grating cavity inan extended wavelength range. Newer forms of quantum-well lasers have been realized, including native-oxide-defined lasers and waveguides. Quantum dot laserscoupled to quantum well lasers are being studied. Also,

heterojunction bipolar light emitting transistors (HBLETs)have been identified and are being studied; these includeHBLETs both with and without quantum well andquantum dot modifications.

Quantum-Well HeterostructuresN. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. WalterNational Science Foundation, DMR 89-20538

Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratoryin cooperation with the Department of Physics and theFrederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory

The fundamental properties of III-V heterostructuresgrown by vapor phase epitaxy are being studied. Onquantum-well MOCVD AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures,laser operation 400 meV above Eg(GaAs) has beenobserved, the first cw 300 K laser operation has beenachieved, laser operation on phonon-sidebands below theconfined-particle states has been observed, and alloydisorder and clustering in quantum-well heterostructureshave been identified. Impurity-induced disordering ofquantum-well heterostructures and Al-bearing nativeoxides, that is, the native oxide of AlxGa1-xAs formed at400° to 500°C with H2O + N2, are being examined viaTEM and photoluminescence studies. This project is thefirst (1977) to realize p-n quantum-well lasers and to cointhe name “QW lasers.”

Supercomputing Research and DevelopmentAn Integrated Framework for PerformanceEngineering and Resource-Aware CompilationC. Polychronopoulos,* F. Breg, J. Brokish, S. Carroll, Y. Chen, A. Christensen, S. M. Chu, G. Clark, I. Cohen, T. Courtney, D. Craig, D. Daly, D. D. Deavours, S. Derisavi, J. Doyle, M. Drzal, X. Han, P. Hong, T. S. Huang, Y. Huang, P. Kalogiannis, W. Ko, C. Koopmans, F. Koopmans, A. Kulothungun, V. V. Lam,D. J. Lin, J. Lin, K. Marukawa, D. S. Nikolopoulos, N. Petrovic, H. Saito, W. H. Sanders, N. Stavrakos, Q. Tian, J. Tu, P. Webster, Y. Wu, M. Yankelevsky, H. Zhou, X. [email protected] Science Foundation, EIA 99-75019


This project developed a comprehensive and integratedapproach to application composition and development,system and application modeling and evaluation,


performance characterization, compiler optimization, and low-overhead runtime support. Achieving thesecapabilities required fundamental advances in methods forhierarchical, multilanguage modeling, simulation, andevaluation, and techniques for adaptive, resource-awarecompilation and runtime support. We took a systematicand synergetic approach to making these advances andincorporated them into an integrated performanceengineering framework and resource-aware compilationand runtime system. In addition, we demonstrated the useof the integrated framework/system via application toseveral important parallel and distributed multimedia,video database, and computer vision applications.

Thin Films and Charged ParticlesSynthesis and Study of Tailored Organometallic,Inorganic, and Polymeric Precursors for Sol-GelProcessing, Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Deposition,and Chemical Vapor DepositionH. Choi,* K. Kim,* S. Lim, M. G. [email protected] Engineered Materials

To fabricate highly ordered micro and nano structures,such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin films ofcontrolled chemical composition and stoichiometry bycharged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapordeposition (CVD), and Sol-Gel processing, it is crucial tohave precursors with desired properties. Such precursorsare designed, synthesized, and their physical properties areevaluated by analyzing the materials prepared from them.Resulting optimal precursors are used to fabricated thedesired highly ordered nanoscale structures.

Precision Particle Fabrication: The Targeted Deliveryof Microsphere Encapsulated Aminobisphosphonatesfor Treating Autoimmune and Neoplastic Diseases ofThe Mononuclear Phagocytic SystemT. Fan,* S. Charney,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* C. [email protected] Medical Research Funds

The main objective of this multidisciplinary initiative is to successfully encapsulate two aminobisphosphonates,pamidronate and zoledronate, into hydroxyethyl starchmicrospheres using a patent-pending technology known asprecision particle fabrication. The long-term goals of thispilot investigation would be to develop a novel,commercially viable therapeutic modality for treatingautoimmune and neoplastic disorders involving themononuclear phagocytic system.

Tissue Engineered Scaffolds with ImbeddedMicrospheres to Improve Bone and Soft Tissue HealingThrough Controlled Delivery of Growth FactorsR. Jamison,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, A. Morgan, A. Sendemir-Urkmez, C. Kearney, C. [email protected] of Engineering

This research is to optimize the design of tissueengineering substitutes for bone by understanding therelationship between the size, structure, and distribution of microspheres in porous scaffolds and their drug releasecharacteristics. An array of microspheres from chitosanand hydrogel polymer, biocompatible material currentlyused for treatment of burns and delivery of drugs, will beproduced, loaded with growth factors, and then embeddedin porous scaffolds of the same polymers. The rate,concentration, and duration of drug release will bemeasured in vitro for several growth factors that haveshown promise in other studies.

Coating of Liquid Crystal Display Panel ComponentsUsing the Charged Liquid Cluster Beam TechniqueK. Kim,* H. Choi,* S. H. RheeLG. Philips LCD

In collaboration with Beckman Institute for AdvancedScience and Technology

This work focuses on extensive utilization of the CLCBtechnique developed by this research group for depositionof films needed for the manufacture and development ofhigh-performance LDCs. In particular, the work makes use of the unique capabilities of the CLCB technique toproduce high-quality films of controlled chemicalcompositions and stoichiometries that are needed forvarious key LCD components, including metallicsemiconducting and insulating films. These films arecharacterized and evaluated using the microanalysisfacilities at the University of Illinois.

Development of Methods for Fabricating UniformMicro- and Nanospheres and Capsules ofBiodegradable and Biocompatible Materials forApplication to BiotechnologyK. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, C. Kyung, A. Simnick; D. Pack, C. Berkland (Chem. Engr.); R. Jamison (Mat. Sci. & Engr.); K. Singletary (Food Sci. & Human Nutr.)[email protected] Wha Pharmaceutical; Alkermes

Advanced methods of fabricating uniform biodegradableand biocompatible micro- and nanospheres and multilayer


capsules of precise size, shell thickness, porosity, andcharge are investigated for various applications inbiotechnology. Applications under investigation include advanced drug delivery, tissue engineering,biosensor/biomarker development, and bioavailabilityenhancement of functional foods. Mechanical,hydrodynamic, electrical, and sol-gel techniques and their combinations are used to fabricate the particles. The smallest particles fabricated to date are in the 10-nanometer range, and the largest in the mm range.

Electromagnetic Railgun Hydrogen-Pellet Acceleratorfor Magnetic Fusion Reactor RefuelingK. Kim,* H. FanU.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-84ER52111

Feasibility of an electromagnetic railgun as a high-velocity(~10 km/s) hydrogen pellet injector for refueling magneticfusion reactors is investigated both experimentally andtheoretically. A variety of advanced railgun configurationsare considered, especially those that rely on magneticpropulsion of the pellet by a plasma-arc armature and that do not require a fuse to effect the system operation.The principal diagnostics used are laser interferometry,optical spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes.A CAMAC system is employed for data acquisition andprocessing. Using the present acceleration scheme, a solidhydrogen pellet velocity in the range of 3.3 km/s has been demonstrated.

Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-basedMaterials and Application to Electronic and OpticalDevices by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam EpitaxyK. Kim,* S. H. Rhee, C. W. ParkConcorde Diversified, Inc.

The objective of this work is to grow device-quality GaN-based films for fabrication of short-wavelengthoptical devices and high-speed, high-power electronicdevices. The growth technique used is the plasma-assistedmolecular beam epitaxy that employs an atomic nitrogenbeam from an rf-discharge nitrogen plasma and a Gasource beam. The growth system is one designed andfabricated at the University of Illinois, and the nitrogenplasma source is uniquely capable of producingcontamination-free plasmas. The films are characterizedusing a variety of microanalysis techniques includingRHEED, XRD, SEM, and TEM.

Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-basedNitride Semiconductors Using Plasma-assistedMolecular Beam Epitaxy for Development of High-Speed, High-Power Heterostructure Electronic DevicesK. Kim,* I. Adesida,* S. J. Hong, T. Day, C. W. ParkETRI Electronics, Inc.

The dual objectives of this work are to grow andcharacterize device-quality heterostructure GaN-basedfilms and use them to develop high-speed, high-powerelectronic devices. The materials growth is achieved usinga plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system designedand fabricated at the University of Illinois. The plasmasource is capable of producing contamination-free nitrogenplasmas. The films are characterized using a variety ofmicroanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM,TEM, AFM, PL, CL, SIMS, and Hall measurement.

Investigation of Methods for Controlled Fabrication ofThin Films and Nanoparticles Using Charged LiquidCluster Beams of Precursor SolutionsK. Kim,* H. Choi,* R. Singh, C. Kyung, T. Day, N. [email protected]. Philips LCD

A novel scheme utilizing flow-limited field-injectionelectrostatic spraying (FFESS) of precursor solutions isinvestigated to develop methods of fabricating thin filmsand nanoparticles of controlled size and morphology. The unique aspects of the FFESS technique is its inherentcapability to produce uniform, charged nanodrops ofcontrolled size, chemical composition, and stoichiometry,allowing for fabrication of high-quality films and uniformnanoparticles. Specific applications include fabrication of catalytic nanoparticles to facilitate development ofadvanced displays and deposition of polymer films forOLED development.

Investigation of Novel Approaches to FabricatingMicro and Nanoscale Structures for Development ofNew Devices for Lighting, Display, and Power StorageK. Kim,* H. Choi,* J. Gao,* M. G. Kang, S. [email protected] Engineered Materials

Charged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapordeposition (CVD), Sol-Gel processing, and other chemicaland physical techniques are utilized, either individually or in combinations, to fabricate highly ordered micro andnano structures, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin films, of certain technologically important materials. The target of this investigation is to develop novel deviceconcepts for lighting, display, and power storage.


Investigation of Plasma-Material Interaction UsingTransaugmented Electromagnetic RailgunK. Kim*U.S. Department of Energy

Feasibility of employing a transaugmented electromagneticrailgun as a testbed with which to study plasma-materialinteraction is investigated both experimentally andtheoretically. A variety of advanced railgun configurationsare considered that allow for separate control of thevelocity, temperature, and density of the free-travelingplasma-arc armature. The principal diagnostics used arelaser interferometry, optical spectroscopy, streak camera,and magnetic probes. A CAMAC system is used for dataacquisition and processing.

Nanowire and Nanotube Interconnect Technology for 3-D ICsK. Kim,* H. Choi,* A. Cangellaris,* M. G. Kang, S. Lim, N. [email protected] Radiation Center

To improve on-chip interconnect performance beyond the 65 nm node, 3-D interconnects and nanotubes areinvestigated, with the focus placed on better understandingof their material properties, their compatibility withsemiconductor processing techniques, and the developmentof macroscopic models to facilitate quantification of their impact on performance enhancement. The proposedresearch will be founded on novel processes for the growthof both vertical nanowires and carbon nanotubes alongwith a cross-disciplinary expertise in the areas ofnanotechnology, novel materials synthesis, nanoscalechemical processing, and signal integrity-drivenelectromagnetic interconnect modeling and simulation.

A Novel Method for Preparing Thin Films andNanoparticles by Using Charged Liquid ClusterBeams of Liquid-Mix PrecursorsK. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. YangUniversity of Illinois

A novel scheme using field-injection electrohydrodynamicspraying of liquid-mix precursors is investigated fordevelopment of a method for fabricating thin films ofmetals, semiconductors, superconductors, and insulators.The same technique is also suitable for fabricatingnanoparticles from a variety of liquid precursors. Uniqueaspects of this new technique are that it is inherentlycapable of producing a uniform, charged fine spray ofliquid precursors of controlled size, chemical composition,and stoichiometry, and that the energy of the spray can be

controlled, allowing for fabrication of high-quality filmsand uniform nanoparticles.

Design of Microparticles for Precision Drug DeliveryD. Pack,* K. Kim,* H. Choi, C. Berkland, Y. Choy, C. [email protected] Institutes of Health

In Collaboration with Chemical and BiomolecularEngineering

The primary goal of this project is to investigate the effectsof microparticle size and size distribution, and the shellthickness of microcapsules, on small molecule drugencapsulation and release. We have developed a novelmethod for fabrication of uniform polymer microspheresand microcapsules that allows precise control of theparticle diameter and shell thickness. By controlling theparticle size, we showed we could achieve zero-orderrelease of model drugs and discovered several competingmechanisms that can affect release rates. Four model drugs that span a range of sizes and water solubility willbe investigated: piroxicam, ciprofloxacin, ganciclovir, and cyclosporin.

Tunneling MicroscopyNanoelectronics: Low-Power, High-PerformanceComponents and CircuitsJ. W. Lyding,* K. Hess,* J. Moore* (Chem.), R. Martin,*H. Choi* (Physics)U.S. Navy, ASUSG 98-152SG


This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of theUniversity Research Initiative (MURI) at the BeckmanInstitute with the goal of combining STM nanofabricationwith atomistic simulations to develop novel nanoelectronicdevice structures on the atomic and molecular size scale.Techniques are being developed to fabricate and test thesestructures in situ in the UHV STM. This program alsoinvolves collaborations with Arizona State University,University of Notre Dame, and University of California at Berkeley, to explore new interconnect schemes fornanoelectronics and to interface nanoelectronic deviceswith conventional microelectronic circuits.


Nanoscale Interface Characterization by UHV STM SpectroscopyJ. W. Lyding,* L. Liu, J. Yu, J. TolomeiU.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-00-1-0234

Conducted in the Beckman Institute

This research is focused on atomic scale dopant mappingand the determination of the rms roughness and correlation lengths associated with oxide-silicon interfaces.The substitution of deuterium for hydrogen at oxide-silicon interfaces is also being studied. It has beendetermined with modern scaling trends that deuteriumbecomes increasingly effective at reducing hot carrierdegradation in CMOS technology.

Protein LogicJ. W. Lyding,* S. A. Boppart,* M. Gruebele, G. Timp; N. Aluru* (Gen. Engr.), P. Braun* (Mat. Sci. & Engr.), J. Moore* (Chem.)National Science Foundation, NIRT


This program seeks to integrate functional protein arrayswith nanoscale CMOS on silicon. Natural and artificial ionchannels are being utilized to interface between biologyand silicon. Selective chemistry utilizing STM patterningis being used to fabricate the protein templates.

Journal ArticlesAdvanced AutomationAggarwal, M. and Ahuja, N. Split aperture imaging forhigh dynamic range. International Journal of ComputerVision, 58:1, 7-17 (Jun. 2004).

Goldberg, K., Hutchinson, S., Boissonnat, J. D., andBurdick, J. Special issue on WAFR 2002 [editorial].International Journal of Robotics Research, 23:7-8,671-672 (Jul.-Aug. 2004).

Sehgal, A., Jagmohan, A., and Ahuja, N. Wyner-Zivcoding of video: An error-resilient compressionframework. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Multimedia, 6:2, 249-258(Apr. 2004).

Tan, K. H., Hua, H., and Ahuja, N. Multiview panoramiccameras using mirror pyramids. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence, 26:7, 941-946(Jul. 2004).

Advanced Processing and CircuitsAktas, O., Kuliev, A., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., Toshkov,S., Costescu, D., Stubbins, J., and Adesida, I. Co-60gamma radiation effects on DC, RF, and pulsed I-Vcharacteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Solid-StateElectronics, 48:3, 471-475 (Mar. 2004).

Jang, J. H., Cho, H. K., Bae, J. W., Pan, N., and Adesida, I.Low-resistance Pd/lr/Au ohmic contacts on p-GaAsSb.Electronics Letters, 40:24, 1550-1551 (Nov. 25, 2004).

Jang, J. H., Kim, S., and Adesida, I. Electricalcharacteristics of Ir/Au and Pd/Ir/Au ohmic contactson p-InGaAs. Electronics Letters, 40:1, 77-78(Jan. 8, 2004).

Jang, J. H., Zhao, W., Bae, J. W., Adesida, I., Lepore, A.,Kwakernaak, M., and Abeles, J. H. Study of the evolutionof nanoscale roughness from the edge of exposed resistto the sidewall of deep-etched lnP/InGaAsPheterostructures. Journal of Vacuum Science andTechnology B, 22:5, 2538-2541 (Sep.-Oct. 2004).

Kim, C. S., Cheong, H. S., Kang, D. S., Kim, J. Y., Hong,C. H., Suh, E. K., Lee, H. J., Cho, H. K., and Adesida, I.Isoelectronic in-doping in p-GaN and its effects onInGaN light-emitting diodes. Journal of the KoreanPhysical Society, 45:5 Part 2, 1391-1394 (Nov. 2004).

Kim, H. K., Adesida, I., and Seong, T. Y. Interfacialreaction effect on the ohmic properties of a Pt/Pd/Aucontact on p-type GaN. Journal of Vacuum Science andTechnology A—Vacuum Surfaces and Films, 22:4,1101-1104 (Jul.-Aug. 2004).

Kim, H. K., Seong, T. Y., Adesida, I., Tang, C. W., andLau, K. M. Low-resistance Pt/Pd/Au ohmic contacts top-type AlGaN. Applied Physics Letters, 84:10, 1710-1712(Mar. 8, 2004).

Lanford, W., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., Kuliev, A., Adesida,I., Dabiran, A. M., Wowchak, A. M., Chow, P., and Lee,J. W. AlGaN/InGaN HEMTs for RF current collapsesuppression. Electronics Letters, 40:12, 771-772(Jun. 10, 2004).


Lee, J. W., Kuliev, A., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., andAdesida, I. Microwave noise characteristics ofAlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC substrates for broad-bandlow-noise amplifiers. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Microwave and WirelessComponents Letters, 14:6, 259-261 (Jun. 2004).

Lee, J. W., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., Kuliev, A., Birkhahn,R., Goothold, D., Guo, S., Albert, B., and Adesida, I.Microwave noise performances of AlGaN/GaN HEMTson semi-insulating 6H-SiC substrates. ElectronicsLetters, 40:1, 80-81 (Jan. 8, 2004).

Rittenhouse, T. L., Bohn, P. W., Hossain, T. K., Adesida, I.,Lindesay, J., and Marcus, A. Surface-state origin for theblueshifted emission in anodically etched porous siliconcarbide. Journal of Applied Physics, 95:2, 490-496(Jan. 15, 2004).

Selvanathan, D., Mohammed, F. M., Tesfayesus, A., andAdesida, I. Comparative study of Ti/AL/Mo/Au,Mo/Al/Mo/Au, and V/Al/Mo/Au ohmic contacts toAlGaN/GaN heterostructures. Journal of VacuumScience and Technology B, 22:5, 2409-2416(Sep.-Oct. 2004).

Youn, D. H., Lee, J. H., Kumar, V., Lee, K. S., andAdesida, I. The effects of isoelectronic Al doping andprocess optimization for the fabrication of high-powerAlGaN-GaNHEMTs. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Electron Devices,51:5, 785-789 (May 2004).

BioacousticsBigelow, T. A. and O’Brien, W. D. Scatterer sizeestimation in pulse-echo ultrasound using focusedsources: Calibration measurements and phantomexperiments. Journal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica, 116:1, 594-602 (Jul. 2004).

Bigelow, T. A. and O’Brien, W. D. Scatterer sizeestimation in pulse-echo ultrasound using focusedsources: Theoretical approximations and simulationanalysis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,116:1, 578-593 (Jul. 2004).

Haun, M. A., Jones, D. L., and O’Brien, W. D.Overdetermined least-squares aberration estimatesusing common-midpoint signals. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on MedicalImaging, 23:10, 1205-1220 (Oct. 2004).

Krongold, B. S. and Jones, D. L. An active-set approachfor OFDM PAR reduction via tone reservation. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onSignal Processing, 52:2, 495-509 (Feb. 2004).

Kulkarni, P., Hines, S., Hiser, J., Whalley, D., Davidson, J.,and Jones, D. Fast searches for effective optimizationphase sequences. SIGPLAN Notices, 39:6, 171-182(Jun. 2004).

Larsen, J. B., Lansing, C. R., Bilger, R. C., Wheeler, B. C.,Phatak, S. A., Lockwood, M. E., O’Brien, W., and Feng,A. S. Speech perception in noise with a two-sensorfrequency-domain minimum-variance (FMV)beamforming algorithm. Acoustics Research LettersOnline, 5:3, 100-105 (Jul. 2004).

Lockwood, M. E., Jones, D. L., Bilger, R. C., Lansing,C. R., O’Brien, W. D., Wheeler, B. C., and Feng, A. S.Performance of time- and frequency-domain binauralbeamformers based on recorded signals from realrooms. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,115:1, 379-391 (Jan. 2004).

Nam, Y., Chang, J. C., Wheeler, B. C., and Brewer, G. J.Gold-coated microelectrode array with thiol-linked,self-assembled monolayers for engineering neuronalcultures. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Biomedical Engineering, 51:1, 158-165(Jan. 2004).

Oelze, M. L. and O’Brien, W. D. Defining optimal axialand lateral resolution for estimating scattererproperties from volumes using ultrasound backscatter.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115:6,3226-3234 (Jun. 2004).

Oelze, M. L. and O’Brien, W. D. Improved scattererproperty estimates from ultrasound backscatter forsmall gate lengths using a gate-edge correction factor.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 116:5,3212-3223 (Nov. 2004).

Oelze, M. L., O’Brien, W. D., Blue, J. P., and Zachary, J.F. Differentiation and characterization of rat mammaryfibroadenomas and 4T1 mouse carcinomas usingquantitative ultrasound imaging. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on MedicalImaging, 23:6, 764-771 (Jun. 2004).

Ratnam, R., Jones, D. L., and O’Brien, W. D. Fastalgorithms for blind estimation of reverberation time.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers SignalProcessing Letters, 11:6, 537-540 (Jun. 2004).

85

CircuitsBecer, M. R., Blaauw, D., Algor, I., Panda, R., Oh, C.,Zolotov, V., and Hajj, I. N. Postroute gate sizing forcrosstalk noise reduction. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Computer-AidedDesign of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 23:12,1670-1677 (Dec. 2004).

Hegde, R. and Shanbhag, N. R. A voltage overscaledlow-power digital filter IC. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Journal of Solid-State Circuits,39:2, 388-391 (Feb. 2004).

Joshi, S., Ida, R., and Rosenbaum, E. Design andoptimization of vertical SiGe thyristors for on-chipESD protection. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Device and MaterialsReliability, 4:4, 586-593 (Dec. 2004).

Kanj, R. and Rosenbaum, E. Critical evaluation of SOIdesign guidelines. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Very Large Scale IntegrationSystems, 12:9, 885-894 (Sep. 2004).

Lee, J., Huh, Y., Bendix, P., and Kang, S. M. Design ofESD power protection with diode structures for mixed-power supply systems. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Journal of Solid-State Circuits,39:1, 260-264 (Jan. 2004).

Lucas, M., Shanbhag, N., Roy, K., Kurdahi, F., and Fagan,A. Mission-specific processing techniques enable low-power, high-performance surveillance sensors. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Circuits andDevices Magazine, 20:4, 22-30 (Jul.-Aug. 2004).

Luo, H. Y., Lu, S. W., Bharghavan, V., Cheng, J., andZhong, G. A packet scheduling approach to QoSsupport in multihop wireless networks. Mobile Networksand Applications, 9:3, 193-206 (Jun. 2004).

Mui, M. L., Banerjee, K., and Mehrotra, A. A globalinterconnect optimization scheme for nanometer-scaleVLSI with implications for latency, bandwidth, andpower dissipation. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Electron Devices, 51:2,195-203 (Feb. 2004).

Shanbhag, N. R. Reliable and efficient system-on-chipdesign. Computer, 37:3, 42-50 (Mar. 2004).

Shim, B. Y., Sridhara, S. R., and Shanbhag, N. R. Reliablelow-power digital signal processing via reducedprecision redundancy. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Very Large ScaleIntegration Systems, 12:5, 497-510 (May 2004).

Wu, J. and Rosenbaum, E. Gate oxide reliabilityunder ESD-like pulse stress. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Electron Devices,51:9, 1528-1532 (Sep. 2004).

Wu, J. and Rosenbaum, E. Gate oxide reliabilityunder ESD-like pulse stress. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Electron Devices,51:7, 1192-1196 (Jul. 2004).

Xiang, H., Tang, X. P., and Wong, M. D. R. Bus-drivenfloorplanning. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Computer-Aided Design ofIntegrated Circuits and Systems, 23:11, 1522-1530(Nov. 2004).

CommunicationsAlpcan, T. and Basar, T. B. A hybrid systems model forpower control in multicell wireless data networks.Performance Evaluation, 57:4, 477-495 (Aug. 2004).

Chamberland, J. F. and Veeravalli, V. V. Asymptoticresults for decentralized detection in power-constrained, wireless sensor networks. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Journal on SelectedAreas in Communications, 22:6, 1007-1015 (Aug. 2004).

Chen, R. R., Hajek, B., Koetter, R., and Madhow, U.On fixed input distributions for noncoherentcommunication over high-SNR, Rayleigh-fadingchannels. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Information Theory, 50:12, 3390-3396(Dec. 2004).

Deb, S. and Srikant, R. Congestion control for fairresource allocation in networks with multicast flows.Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers/Association for Computing MachineryTransactions on Networking, 12:2, 274-285 (Apr. 2004).

Ishii, H., Basar, T. B., and Tempo, R. Randomizedalgorithms for quadratic stability of quantizedsampled-data systems. Automatica, 40:5, 839-846(May 2004).

86

Koetter, R., Singer, A. C., and Tuchler, M. Turboequalization. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Signal Processing Magazine, 21:1, 67-80(Jan. 2004).

Kunniyur, S. S. and Srikant, R. An adaptive virtualqueue (AVQ) algorithm for active queue management.Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers/Association for Computing MachineryTransactions on Networking, 12:2, 286-299 (Apr. 2004).

Lee, J. W. and Blahut, R. E. Lower bound onBER of finite-length turbo codes based on EXITcharacteristics. Communications Letters, 8:4, 238-240(Apr. 2004).

Lee, J. W. and Webb, K. J. A temperature-dependentnonlinear analytic model for AlGaN-GaNHEMTs onSiC. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52:1Part 1, 2-9 (Jan. 2004).

Liang, Y. B. and Veeravalli, V. V. Capacity ofnoncoherent time-selective Rayleigh-fading channels.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Information Theory, 50:12, 3095-3110(Dec. 2004).

Low, S. H. and Srikant, R. A mathematical frameworkfor designing a low-loss, low-delay Internet. Networksand Spatial Economics, 4:1, 75-101 (Mar. 2004).

Qiu, D. Y. and Srikant, R. Modeling and performanceanalysis of BitTorrent-like peer-to-peer networks.Computer Communication Review, 34:4, 367-377(Oct. 2004).

Shakkottai, S. and Srikant, R. Mean FDE models forInternet congestion control under a many-flows regime.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Information Theory, 50:6, 1050-1072(Jun. 2004).

Shakkottai, S., Srikant, R., and Stolyar, A. L. Pathwiseoptimality of the exponential scheduling rule forwireless channels. Advances in Applied Probability, 36:4,1021-1045 (Dec. 2004).

Yan, Z. Y. and Lonescu, D. N. Geometrical uniformity ofa class of space–time trellis codes. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on InformationTheory, 50:12, 3343-3347 (Dec. 2004).

Computer EngineeringChoudhury, R. R. and Vaidya, N. H. MAC-layeranycasting in ad hoc networks. ComputerCommunication Review, 34:1, 75-80 (Jan. 2004).

Choudhury, R. R., Paul, K., and Bandyopadhyay, S.MARP: A multi-agent routing protocol for mobilewireless ad hoc networks. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 8:1, 47-68 (Jan. 2004).

Hua, H., Brown, L. D., and Gao, C. Y. SCAPE:Supporting stereoscopic collaboration in augmentedand projective environments. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Computer Graphics andApplications, 24:1, 66-75 (Jan.-Feb. 2004).

Decision and ControlAgarwal, A. and Kumar, P. R. Capacity bounds forad hoc and hybrid wireless networks. ComputerCommunication Review, 34:3, 71-81 (Jul. 2004).

Agarwal, A. and Kumar, P. R. Improved capacity boundsfor wireless networks. Wireless Communications andMobile Computing, 4:3, 251-261 (May 2004).

Cerven, W. T., Bullo, F., and Coverstone, V. L. Vehiclemotion planning with time-varying constraints. Journalof Guidance Control and Dynamics, 27:3, 506-509(May-Jun. 2004).

Chen, M., Dubrawski, R., and Meyn, S. P. Managementof demand-driven production systems. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onAutomatic Control, 49:5, 686-698 (May 2004).

Cortes, J., Martinez, S., Karatas, T., and Bullo, F.Coverage control for mobile sensing networks. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onRobotics and Automation, 20:2, 243-255 (Apr. 2004).

Hadjicostis, C. N. Coding techniques for fault-tolerantparallel prefix computations in Abelian groups.Computer Journal, 47:3, 329-341 (May 2004).

Hadjicostis, C. N. Periodic and non-concurrent errordetection and identification in one-hot encoded FSMs.Automatica, 40:10, 1665-1676 (Oct. 2004).

87

Hong, W., Yang, A. Y., Huang, K., and Ma, Y. Onsymmetry and multiple-view geometry: Structure, pose,and calibration from a single image. InternationalJournal of Computer Vision, 60:3, 241-265 (Dec. 2004).

Huisinga, W., Meyn, S., and Schutte, C. Phase transitionsand metastability in Markovian and molecular systems.Annals of Applied Probability, 14:1, 419-458 (Feb. 2004).

Kashyap, A., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Correlatedjamming on MIMO Gaussian fading channels. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onInformation Theory, 50:9, 2119-2123 (Sep. 2004).

Liberzon, D. Output-input stability implies feedbackstabilization. Systems and Control Letters, 53:3-4,237-248 (Nov. 2004).

Liberzon, D. and Tempo, R. Common Lyapunovfunctions and gradient algorithms. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on AutomaticControl, 49:6, 990-994 (Jun. 2004).

Ma, Y. A differential geometric approach to multiple-view geometry in spaces of constant curvature.International Journal of Computer Vision, 58:1, 37-53(Jun. 2004).

Ma, Y., Huang, K., Vidal, R., Kosecka, J., and Sastry, S.Rank conditions on the multiple-view matrix.International Journal of Computer Vision, 59:2, 115-137(Sep. 2004).

Medard, M., Huang, J. Y., Goldsmith, A. J., Meyn, S. P.,and Coleman T. P. Capacity of time-slotted ALOHApacketized multiple-access systems over the AWGNchannel. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Wireless Communications, 3:2, 486-499(Mar. 2004).

Xie, L. L. and Kumar, P. R. A network informationtheory for wireless communication: Scaling laws andoptimal operation. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Information Theory, 50:5,748-767 (May 2004).

Xue, F. and Kumar P. R. The number of neighborsneeded for connectivity of wireless networks. WirelessNetworks, 10:2, 169-181 (Mar. 2004).

Digital Signal and ImagingProcessingBaron, D. and Bresler, Y. An O(N) semipredictiveuniversal encoder via the BWT. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on InformationTheory, 50:5, 928-937 (May 2004).

Horner, A., Beauchamp, J., and So, R. Detection ofrandom alterations to time-varying musical instrumentspectra. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,116:3, 1800-1810 (Sep. 2004).

Venkataramani, R. and Bresler, Y. Multiple-inputmultiple-output sampling: Necessary densityconditions. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Information Theory, 50:8,1754-1768 (Aug. 2004).

Electromagnetic Communicationand Electronics PackagingJovicic, A., Viswanath, P., and Kulkarni, S. R. Upperbounds to transport capacity of wireless networks.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Information Theory, 50:11, 2555-2565(Nov. 2004).

Kulkarni, S. R. and Viswanath, P. A deterministicapproach to throughput scaling in wireless networks.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Information Theory, 50:6, 1041-1049(Jun. 2004).

Tse, D. N. C., Viswanath, P., and Zheng, L. H. Diversity-multiplexing tradeoff in multiple-access channels.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Information Theory, 50:9, 1859-1874(Sep. 2004).

ElectromagneticsAygun, K., Fischer, B. C., Meng, J., Shanker, B., andMichielssen, E. A fast hybrid field-circuit simulator fortransient analysis of microwave circuits. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Techniques, 52:2, 573-583(Feb. 2004).

88

Boag, A. and Michielssen, E. A fast physical optics(FPO) algorithm for double-bounce scattering. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, 52:1, 205-212 (Jan. 2004).

Botha, M. M. and Davidson, D. B. A quasi-staticcondition for enhancing p-adaptive, mixed-orderelement FE analysis. Electromagnetics, 24:1-2, 13-24(Jan.-Mar. 2004).

Botha, M. M. and Jin, J. M. On the variationalformulation of hybrid finite element-boundary integraltechniques for electromagnetic analysis. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, 52:11, 3037-3047 (Nov. 2004).

Byun, J. K. and Jin, J. M. A comparative study ofinfinite elements for two-dimensional electromagneticscattering analysis. Electromagnetics, 24:4, 219-236(May-Jun. 2004).

Byun, J. K., Lee, J. H., and Park, I. H. Node-baseddistribution of material properties for topologyoptimization of electromagnetic devices. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onMagnetics, 40:2 Part 2, 1212-1215 (Mar. 2004).

Cangellaris, A. C. and De Zutter, D. Special issue onmodel-order reduction methods for computer-aideddesign of RF/microwave and mixed-signal integratedcircuits and systems [guest editorial]. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Techniques, 52:9 Part 2,2197-2198 (Sep. 2004).

Chang, S. W., Chuang, S. L., and Holonyak, N. Phonon-and auger-assisted tunneling from a quantum well to aquantum dot [art. no. 125312]. Physical Review B,7012:12, 5312 (Sep. 2004).

Chang, S. W., Chuang, S. L., Ku, P. C., Chang-Hasnian,C. J., Palinginis, P., and Wang, H. L. Slow light usingexcitonic population oscillation [art. no. 235333].Physical Review B, 7023:23, 5333 (Dec. 2004).

Chen, Q., Lu, M. Y., and Michielssen, E. Integralequation–based analysis of transient scattering fromsurfaces with an impedance boundary condition.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 42:3, 213-220(Aug. 5, 2004).

Chew, W. C. Comments on “A fast converging seriesexpansion for the 2-D periodic Green’s function basedon perfectly matched layers”. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Microwave Theoryand Techniques, 52:10, 2450-2451 (Oct. 2004).

Chew, W. C. Computational electromagnetics:The physics of smooth versus oscillatory fields.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of LondonSeries A—Mathematical, Physical, and EngineeringSciences, 362:1816, 579-602 (Mar. 15, 2004).

Chew, W. C. Sommerfeld integrals for left-handedmaterials. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,42:5, 369-373 (Sep. 5, 2004).

Chew, W. C., Song, J. M., Cui, T. J., Velarnparambil, S.,Hastriter, M. L., and Hu, B. Review of large-scalecomputing in electromagnetics with fast integralequation solvers. Computer Modeling in Engineering andSciences, 5:4, 361-372 (Apr. 2004).

Chu, Y. H. and Chew, W. C. A multilevel fast multipolealgorithm for electrically small composite structures.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 43:3, 202-207(Nov. 5, 2004).

Correia, D. and Jin, J. M. 3D-FDTD-PML analysis oflefthanded metamaterials. Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters, 40:3, 201-205 (Feb. 5, 2004).

Cui, T. J., Chew, W. C., and Hong, W. New approximateformulations for EM scattering by dielectric objects.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Antennas and Propagation, 52:3, 684-692(Mar. 2004).

Cui, T. J., Chew, W. C., Chen, G., and Song, J. M.Efficient MLFMA, RPFMA, and FAFFA algorithms forEM scattering by very large structures. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, 52:3, 759-770 (Mar. 2004).

Cui, T. J., Chew, W. C., Yin, X. X., and Hong, W. Study ofresolution and super resolution in electromagneticimaging for half-space problems. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on Antennas andPropagation, 52:6, 1398-1411 (Jun. 2004).

Cui, T. J., Qin, Y., Wang, G. L., and Chew, W. C. Low-frequency detection of two-dimensional buried objectsusing high-order extended Born approximations.Inverse Problems, 20:6, S41-S62 (Dec. 2004).

89

Fisher, M. and Chuang, S. L. Wavelength conversionusing an integrated DFB laser-phase shifter. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers PhotonicsTechnology Letters, 16:1, 197-199 (Jan. 2004).

Fisher, M. R., Minin, S., and Chuang, S. L. An activesemiconductor tunable-shape optical filter and delayline. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersPhotonics Technology Letters, 16:9, 2084-2086(Sep. 2004).

Hsu, A., Chuang, S. L., Borisch, E., Jackson, K. P., andKerchberger, S. Bias dependence of mode dynamics ina vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. Institution ofElectrical Engineers Proceedings on Optoelectronics,151:3, 138-142 (Jun. 2004).

Huff, G. H., Feng, J., Zhang, S. H., Cung, G., andBernhard, J. T. Directional reconfigurable antennas onlaptop computers: Simulation, measurement andevaluation of candidate integration positions. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, 52:12, 3220-3227 (Dec. 2004).

Jiang, L. J. and Chew, W. C. Low-frequency fastinhomogeneous plane-wave algorithm (LF-FIPWA).Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 40:2, 117-122(Jan. 20, 2004).

Jiang, L. J. and Chew, W. C. A new capacitanceextraction method. Journal of Electromagnetic Wavesand Applications, 18:3, 287-299 (2004).

Jin, J. M. Comments on “A FEM analysis of openboundary structures using edge elements and acylindrical harmonics expansion”. Electromagnetics,24:6, 491 (Sep. 2004).

Kim, J., Chuang, S. L., Ku, P. C., and Chang-Hasnain,C. J. Slow light using semiconductor quantum dots.Journal of Physics—Condensed Matter, 16:35,S3727-S3735 (Sep. 8, 2004).

Kim, J., Lerttamrab, M., Chuang, S. L., Gmachl, C., Sivco,D. L., Capasso, F., and Cho, A. Y. Theoretical andexperimental study of optical gain and linewidthenhancement factor of type-I quantum-cascade lasers.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Journalof Quantum Electronics, 40:12, 1663-1674 (Dec. 2004).

Kowalski, M. E. and Jin, H. M. Model-basedoptimization of phased arrays for electromagnetichyperthermia. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques, 52:8 Part 2, 1964-1977 (Aug. 2004).

Ku, P. C., Sedgwick, F., Chang-Hasnain, C. J., Palinginis,P., Li, T., Wang, H. L., Chang, S. W., and Chuang, S. L.Slow light in semiconductor quantum wells. OpticsLetters, 29:19, 2291-2293 (Oct. 1, 2004).

Lee, J. S. and Nyquist, D. P. The proper current spectraof an open integrated microstrip waveguide [abstract].Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 18:3,361-362 (2004).

Lee, J. S. and Nyquist, D. P. The proper EM fieldspectra of an open integrated microstrip waveguide.Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,18:12, 1605-1620 (2004).

Lerttamrab, M., Chuang, S. L., Yang, R. Q., and Hill, C. J.Linewidth enhancement factor of a type-II interband-cascade laser. Journal of Applied Physics, 96:6,3568-3570 (Sep. 15, 2004).

Lesselier, D. and Chew, W. C. Special section onelectromagnetic characterization of buried obstacles.Inverse Problems, 20:6, NIL3-NIL7 (Dec. 2004).

Li, J. V., Chuang, S. L., Jackson, E. M., and Aifer, E.Minority carrier diffusion length and lifetime forelectrons in a type-II InAs/GaSb superlatticephotodiode. Applied Physics Letters, 85:11, 1984-1986(Sep. 13, 2004).

Lomakin, V., Chen, N. W., Li, S. Q., and Michielssen E.Enhanced transmission through two-period arrays ofsubwavelength holes. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Microwave and WirelessComponents Letters, 14:7, 355-357 (Jul. 2004).

Lou, Z. and Jin J. M. Higher-order finite elementanalysis of finite-by-infinite arrays. Electromagnetics,24:7, 497-514 (Oct. 2004).

Lou, Z. and Jin, J. M. Finite-element analysis of phased-array antennas. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters, 40:6, 490-496 (Mar. 20, 2004).

90

Lu, M. Y., Lv, M., Ergin, A. A., Shanker, B., andMichielssen, E. Multilevel plane wave time domain-based global boundary kernels for two-dimensionalfinite difference time domain simulations [art. no.RS4007]. Radio Science, 39:4, S4007 (Aug. 14, 2004).

Lu, M. Y., Michielssen, E., and Shanker, B. Fast timedomain integral equation solvers for analyzing two-dimensional scattering phenomena, Part II: FullPWTD acceleration. Electromagnetics, 24:6, 451-470(Sep. 2004).

Lu, M. Y., Yegin, K., Michielssen, E., and Shanker, B.Fast time domain integral equation solvers foranalyzing two-dimensional scattering phenomena,Part I: Temporal acceleration. Electromagnetics, 24:6,425-449 (Sep. 2004).

Minin, S., Fisher, M. R., and Chuang S. L. Current-controlled group delay using a semiconductorFabry-Perot amplifier. Applied Physics Letters, 84:17,3238-3240 (Apr. 26, 2004).

Mohan, R., Choi, M. J., Mick, S. E., Hart, F. P.,Chandrasekar, K., Cangellaris, A. C., Franzon, P. D.,and Steer, M. B. Causal reduced-order modeling ofdistributed structures in a transient circuit simulator.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,52:9 Part 2, 2207-2214 (Sep. 2004).

Morsey, J. D., Okhmatovski, V. I., and Cangellaris, A. C.Finite-thickness conductor models for full-waveanalysis of interconnects with a fast integral equationmethod. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Advanced Packaging, 27:1, 24-33(Feb. 2004).

Okhmatovski, V. I. and Cangellaris, A. C. Evaluation oflayered-media Green’s functions via rational functionfitting. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersMicrowave and Wireless Components Letters, 14:1, 22-24(Jan. 2004).

Okhmatovski, V. I., Morsey, J. D., and Cangellaris A. C.Comments on “On deembedding of port discontinuitiesin full-wave CAD models of multiport circuits”[authors’ reply]. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques, 52:10, 2449-2450 (Oct. 2004).

Okhmatovski, V. I., Morsey, J. D., and Cangellaris A. C.Enhancement of the numerical stability of the adaptiveintegral method at low frequencies through a loop-charge formulation of the method-of-momentsapproximation. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques, 52:3, 962-970 (Mar. 2004).

Okhmatovski, V. I., Morsey, J. D., and Cangellaris, A. C.Loop-tree implementation of the adaptive integralmethod (AIM) for numerically stable, broadband, fastelectromagnetic modeling. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Antennas andPropagation, 52:8, 2130-2140 (Aug. 2004).

Pan, Y. C. and Chew, W. C. A fast multipole method forembedded structure in a stratified medium [abstract].Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 18:2,213-215 (2004).

Park, S. H. and Chuang, S. L. Linewidth enhancementfactor of wurtzite GaN/AlGaN quantum-well laserswith spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric effects.Applied Physics A—Materials Science Processing, 78:1,107-111 (Jan. 2004).

Park, S. H., Ahn, D., Lee, Y. T., and Chuang, S. L. Excitonbinding energies in zincblende GaN/AlGaN quantumwells. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1—Regular Papers, Short Notes, and Review Papers, 43:1,140-143 (Jan. 2004).

Proekt, L. B. and Cangellaris, A. An approximation ofthe electromagnetic Green’s function of layered mediawith the source point considered as an independentvariable. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Magnetics, 40:2 Part 2, 1037-1040(Mar. 2004).

Rylander, T. and Jin, J. M. Perfectly matched layer forthe time domain finite element method. Journal ofComputational Physics, 200:1, 238-250 (Oct. 10, 2004).

Rylander, T. and Jin, J. M. Stable coaxial waveguide-portalgorithm for the time-domain finite-element method.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 42:2, 115-119(Jul. 20, 2004).

Shanker, B., Aygun, K., and Michielssen, E. Fast analysisof transient scattering from lossy inhomogeneousdielectric bodies [art. no. RS2007]. Radio Science, 39:2,S2007 (Mar. 24, 2004).

91

Wang, G. L. and Chew, W. C. Formal solution to theelectromagnetic scattering by buried dielectric andmetallic spheres [art. no. RS5004]. Radio Science, 39:5,S5004 (Oct. 5, 2004).

Wang, G. L., Chew, W. C., Cui, T. J., Aydiner, A. A.,Wright, D. L., and Smith, D. V. 3D near-to-surfaceconductivity reconstruction by inversion of VETEMdata using the distorted Born iterative method. InverseProblems, 20:6, S195-S216 (Dec. 2004).

Warnick, K. F. and Chew, W. C. Error analysis of themoment method. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 46:6,38-53 (Dec. 2004).

Weile, D. S., Pisharody, G., Chen, N. W., Shanker, B., andMichielssen, E. A novel scheme for the solution of thetime-domain integral equations of electromagnetics.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Antennas and Propagation, 52:1, 283-295(Jan. 2004).

Wildman, R. A., Pisharody, G., Weile, D. S.,Balasubramaniam, S., and Michielssen, E. An accuratescheme for the solution of the time-domain integralequations of electromagnetics using higher-order vectorbases and bandlimited extrapolation. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, 52:11, 2973-2984 (Nov. 2004).

Wu, H. and Cangellaris, A. C. Model-order reductionof finite-element approximations of passiveelectromagnetic devices including lumped electrical-circuit models. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques, 52:9 Part 2, 2305-2313 (Sep. 2004).

Xia, M. Y., Chan, C. H., Xu, Y., and Chew, W. C. Time-domain Green’s functions for microstrip structuresusing Cagniard-de Hoop method. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on Antennas andPropagation, 52:6, 1578-1585 (Jun. 2004).

Yilmaz, A. E., Jin, J. M., and Michielssen, E. Timedomain adaptive integral method for surface integralequations. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,52:10, 2692-2708 (Oct. 2004).

Zhang, S., Huff, G. H., Feng, J., and Bernhard, J. T. Apattern reconfigurable microstrip parasitic array.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Antennas and Propagation, 52:10,2773-2776 (Oct. 2004).

High Frequency DevicesChowdhury, U., Price, R. K., Wong, M. M., Yoo, D. W.,Zhang, X. B., Feng, M., and Dupuis, R. D. Modulation-doped superlattice AlGaN barrier GaN/AlGaN HFETs.Journal of Crystal Growth, 272:1-4, 318-321(Dec. 10, 2004).

Chu-Kung, B. F. and Feng, M. InP/GaAsSb type-IIDHBTs with f(T)>350 GHz. Electronics Letters, 40:20,1305-1307 (Sep. 30, 2004).

Feng, M., Holonyak, N., and Chan, R. Quantum-well-based heterojunction bipolar light-emitting transistor.Applied Physics Letters, 84:11, 1952-1954(Mar. 15, 2004).

Feng, M., Holonyak, N., and Hafez, W. Light-emittingtransistor: Light emission from InGaP/GaAsheterojunction bipolar transistors. Applied PhysicsLetters, 84:1, 151-153 (Jan. 5, 2004).

Feng, M., Holonyak, N., Chu-Kung, B., Walter, G., andChan, R. Type-II GaAsSb/InP heterojunction bipolarlight-emitting transistor. Applied Physics Letters, 84:23,4792-4794 (Jun. 7, 2004).

Feng, M., Shen, S. C., Caruth, D. C., and Huang, J. J.Device technologies for RF front-end circuits in next-generation wireless communications. Proceedings of theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 92:2,354-375 (Feb. 2004).

Hafez, W. and Feng, M. Lateral scaling of 0.25-mmInP/InGaAs SHBTs with InAs emitter cap. ElectronicsLetters, 40:18, 1151-1153 (Sep. 2, 2004).

Hampson, M. D., Shen, S. C., Schwindt, R. S., Price, R.K., Chowdhury, U., Wong, M. M., Zhu, T. G., Yoo, D.,Dupuis, R. D., and Feng, M. Polyimide passivatedAlGaN-GaNHFETs with 7.65 W/mm at 18 GHz.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ElectronDevice Letters, 25:5, 238-240 (May 2004).

92

He, Q. R. and Feng, M. Low-power, high-gain, and high-linearity SiGeBiCMOS wide-band low-noise amplifier.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Journal ofSolid-State Circuits, 39:6, 956-959 (Jun. 2004).

Walter, G., Holonyak, N., Feng, M., and Chan, R. Laseroperation of a heterojunction bipolar light-emittingtransistor. Applied Physics Letters, 85:20, 4768-4770(Nov. 15, 2004).

Magnetic ResonanceBehnia, B. and Webb, A. G. MRI-monitoredelectromagnetic heating using iterative feedbackcontrol and phase interference mapping. Concepts inMagnetic Resonance Part B—Magnetic ResonanceEngineering, 23B:1, 1-15 (Oct. 2004).

Ciobanu, L., Rubakhin, S. S., Stuart, J. N., Fuller, R. R.,Webb, A. G., and Sweedler, J. V. Characterization of thephysicochemical parameters of dense core atrial glandand lucent red hemiduct vesicles in Aplysia californica.Analytical Chemistry, 76:8, 2331-2335 (Apr. 15, 2004).

Ciobanu, L., Webb, A. G., and Pennington, C. H. Signalenhancement by diffusion: Experimental observation ofthe “DESIRE” effect. Journal of Magnetic Resonance,170:2, 252-256 (Oct. 2004).

Wang, H., Ciobanu, L., Edison, A. S., and Webb, A. G.An eight-coil high-frequency probehead design forhigh-throughput nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 170:2,206-212 (Oct. 2004).

Webb, A. G. Optimizing the point spread function inphase-encoded magnetic resonance microscopy.Concepts in Magnetic Resonance, 22A:1, 25-36(May 2004).

Zhang, X. Z. and Webb, A. Design of a capacitivelydecoupled transmit/receive NMR phased array forhigh field microscopy at 14.1 T. Journal of MagneticResonance, 170:1, 149-155 (Sep. 2004).

Optical and Discharge PhysicsBhoj, A. N. and Kushner, M. J. Avalanche process in anidealized lamp: II. Modelling of breakdown in Ar/Xeelectric discharges. Journal of Physics D—AppliedPhysics, 37:18, 2510-2526 (Sep. 21, 2004).

Carroll, D. L., Verdeyen, J. T., King, D. M., Zimmerman,J. W., Laystrom, J. K., Woodard, B. S., Richardson, N.,Kittell, K., Kushner, M. J., and Solomon, W. C.Measurement of positive gain on the 1315-nmtransition of atomic iodine pumped by O2(a1D)produced in an electric discharge. Applied PhysicsLetters, 85:8, 1320-1322 (Aug. 23, 2004).

Kushner, M. J. Modeling of microdischarge devices:Pyramidal structures. Journal of Applied Physics, 95:3,846-859 (Feb. 1, 2004).

Li, X., Ling, L,. Hua, X. F., Oehrlein, G. S., Wang, Y. C.,Vasenkov, A. V., and Kushner, M. J. Properties of C4F8

inductively coupled plasmas. l: Studies of Ar/c-C4F8

magnetically confined plasmas for etching of SiO2.Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A—VacuumSurfaces and Films, 22:3, 500-510 (May-Jun. 2004).

Moss, R. S., Eden, J. G., and Kushner, M. J. Avalancheprocesses in an idealized lamp: I. Measurements offormative breakdown time. Journal of Physics D—Applied Physics, 37:18, 2502-2509 (Sep. 21, 2004).

Rajaraman, K. and Kushner, M. J. A Monte Carlosimulation of radiation trapping in electrodeless gasdischarge lamps. Journal of Physics D—Applied Physics,37:13, 1780-1791 (Jul. 7, 2004).

Sankaran, A. and Kushner, M. J. Integrated feature scalemodeling of plasma processing of porous and solidSiO2. II. Residual fluorocarbon polymer stripping andbarrier layer deposition. Journal of Vacuum Science andTechnology A—Vacuum Surfaces and Films, 22:4,1260-1274 (Jul.-Aug. 2004).

Sankaran, A. and Kushner, M. J. Integrated feature-scalemodeling of plasma processing of porous and solidsSiO2. I: Fluorocarbon etching. Journal of VacuumScience and Technology A—Vacuum Surfaces and Films,22:4, 1242-1259 (Jul.-Aug. 2004).

Stafford, D. S. and Kushner, M. J. O2(1D) productionin He/O2 mixtures in flowing low-pressure plasmas.Journal of Applied Physics, 96:5, 2451-2465(Sep. 1, 2004).

93

Subramonium, P. and Kushner M. J. Extraction ofnegative ions from pulsed electronegative, inductivelycoupled plasmas having a radio-frequency substratebias. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A—Vacuum Surfaces and Films, 22:3, 534-544(May-Jun. 2004).

Subramonium, P. and Kushner, M. J. Pulsed plasmas asa method to improve uniformity during materialsprocessing. Journal of Applied Physics, 96:1, 82-93(Jul. 1, 2004).

Subramonium, P. and Kushner, M. J. Pulsed, inductivelycoupled plasmas as a method to recoup uniformity:Three-dimensional modeling study. Applied PhysicsLetters, 85:5, 721-723 (Aug. 2, 2004).

Vasenkov, A. V. and Kushner, M. J. Modeling ofmagnetically enhanced capacitively coupled plasmasources: Ar/C4F8/O2 discharges. Journal of AppliedPhysics, 95:3, 834-845 (Feb. 1, 2004).

Vasenkov, A. V., Li, X., Oehrlein, G. S., and Kushner, M.J. Properties of c-C4F8 inductively coupled plasmas.II: Plasma chemistry and reaction mechanism formodeling of Ar/c-C4F8/O2 discharges. Journal ofVacuum Science and Technology A—Vacuum Surfacesand Films, 22:3, 511-530 (May-Jun. 2004).

Optical ImagingCarney, P. S., Frazin, R. A., Bozhevolnyi, S. I., Volkov, V.S., Boltasseva, A., and Schotland, J. C. Computationallens for the near field [art. no. 163903]. Physical ReviewLetters, 9216:16, 3903 (Apr. 23, 2004).

Carney, P. S., Schotland, J. C., and Wolf, E. Generalizedoptical theorem for reflection, transmission, andextinction of power for scalar fields [art. no. 036611].Physical Review E, 7003:3 Part 2, 6611 (Sep. 2004).

Frazin, R. A., Fischer, D. G., and Carney, P. S.Information content of the near field: Two-dimensionalsamples. Journal of the Optical Society of America A—Optics and Image Science, 21:6, 1050-1057 (Jun. 2004).

Marks, D. L. and Boppart, S. A. Nonlinearinterferometric vibrational imaging [art. no. 123905].Physical Review Letters, 9212:12, 3905 (Mar. 26, 2004).

Marks, D. L., Vinegoni, C., Bredfeldt, J. S., and Boppart,S. A. Interferometric differentiation between resonantcoherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering andnonresonant four-wave-mixing processes. AppliedPhysics Letters, 85:23, 5787-5789 (Dec. 6, 2004).

Marks, D., Carney, P. S., and Boppart, S. A. Adaptivespectral apodization for sidelobe reduction in opticalcoherence tomography images. Journal of BiomedicalOptics, 9:6, 1281-1287 (Nov.-Dec. 2004).

Roach, W. P., Cain, C. P., Narayan, D. G., Noojin, G. D.,Boppart, S. A., Birngruber, R., Fujimoto, J. G., and Toth,C. A. Retinal response of Macaca mulatta to picosecondlaser pulses of varying energy and spot size. Journal ofBiomedical Optics, 9:6, 1288-1296 (Nov.-Dec. 2004).

Schaefer, A. W., Reynolds, J. J., Marks, D. L., andBoppart, S. A. Real-time digital signal processing–basedoptical coherence tomography and Doppler opticalcoherence tomography. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on BiomedicalEngineering, 51:1, 186-190 (Jan. 2004).

Vinegoni, C., Bredfeldt, J. S., Marks, D. L., and Boppart,S. A. Nonlinear optical contrast enhancement foroptical coherence tomography. Optics Express, 12:2,331-341 (Jan. 26, 2004).

Xu, C. Y., Marks, D. L., Do, M. N., and Boppart, S. A.Separation of absorption and scattering profiles inspectroscopic optical coherence tomography using aleast-squares algorithm. Optics Express, 12:20,4790-4803 (Oct. 4, 2004).

Xu, C. Y., Ye, J., Marks, D. L., and Boppart, S. A.Near-infrared dyes as contrast-enhancing agents forspectroscopic optical coherence tomography. OpticsLetters, 29:14, 1647-1649 (Jul. 15, 2004).

Optical Physics and EngineeringGao, J. Thomson scattering from ultrashort andultraintense laser pulses [art. no. 243001]. PhysicalReview Letters, 9324:24, 3001 (Dec. 10, 2004).

Ginter, M. L. and Eden, J. G. Rydberg states of the raregas dimers [review]. Canadian Journal of Chemistry,82:6, 762-778 (Jun. 2004).

94

Kumar, G. A., Martinez, A., Mejia, E., and Eden, J. G.Fluorescence and upconversion spectral studies of Ho3+

in alkali bismuth gallate glasses. Journal of Alloys andCompounds, 365:1-2, 117-120 (Feb. 25, 2004).

Lu, Z. H., Zhu, C. J., Senin, A. A., Allen, J. R., Gao, J.,and Eden, J. G. Production and probing of atomic wavepackets with ultrafast laser pulses: Applications toatomic and molecular dynamics. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Journal of Selected Topics inQuantum Electronics, 10:1, 159-168 (Jan.-Feb. 2004).

Ostrom, N. P., Vojak, B. A., and Eden, J. G. Radiofrequency (10–23 MHz)-assisted excitation of amicrodischarge with a piezoelectric transformer.Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 13:2, 278-281(May 2004).

Park, S. J., Eden, J. G., and Park, K. H. Carbonnanotube–enhanced performance of microplasmadevices. Applied Physics Letters, 84:22, 4481-4483(May 31, 2004).

Park, S. J., Eden, J. G., Chen, J., and Liu, C.Microdischarge devices with 10 or 30 mm squaresilicon cathode cavities: pd scaling and production ofthe XeO excimer. Applied Physics Letters, 85:21,4869-4871 (Nov. 22, 2004).

Park, S. J., Park, K. H., and Eden, J. G. Integration ofcarbon nanotubes with microplasma device cathodes:Reduction in operating and ignition voltages.Electronics Letters, 40:9, 563-564 (Apr. 29, 2004).

Talmadge, J. M., Gao, J., Riley, M. P., Roth, R. J., Kim,S. O., Eden, J. G., Pudonin, F. A., and Mel’nikov, I. V.Magneto-optical Kerr effect in Fe21Ni79 films onSi(100): Quantum behavior for film thicknesses belowsimilar to 6 nm. Applied Physics Letters, 84:21,4197-4199 (May 24, 2004).

OptoelectronicsHoke, W. E., Leoni, R. E., Whelan, C. S., Kennedy, T. D.,Torabi, A., Marsh, P. F., Zhang, Y., Xu, C., and Hsieh,K. C. Material properties and performance ofmetamorphic optoelectronic integrated circuits grownby molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. Journalof Vacuum Science and Technology B, 22:3, 1554-1557(May-Jun. 2004).

Pickrell, G. W., Xu, C. F., Louderback, D. A., Lin, H. C.,Fish, M. A., Hindi, J. J., Simpson, M. C., Guilfoyle, P. S.,Zhang, Z. H., and Hsieh, K. C. Molecular beam epitaxialregrowth on diffraction gratings for vertical-cavity,surface-emitting laser-based integrated optoelectronics.Journal of Applied Physics, 96:8, 4050-4055(Oct. 15, 2004).

Power and Energy SystemsChicco, G. and Gross, G. Competitive acquisition ofprioritizable capacity-based ancillary services. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onPower Systems, 19:1, 569-576 (Feb. 2004).

Gross, G. and Bompard, E. Optimal power flowapplication issues in the Pool paradigm. InternationalJournal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 26:10,787-796 (Dec. 2004).

Gross, G., Tao, S., Bompard, E., and Chicco, G. Closureon “Unbundled reactive support service: Keycharacteristics and dominant cost component”. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onPower Systems, 19:1, 693-694 (Feb. 2004).

Krein, P. T., Balog, R. S., and Geng, X. High-frequencylink inverter for fuel cells based on multiple-carrierPWM. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Power Electronics, 19:5, 1279-1288(Sep. 2004).

Lin, Y. and Gross, G. Production cost analysis ofdispersed generation options in a transmission-constrained load pocket of an interconnected system.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Energy Conversion, 19:1, 151-156(Mar. 2004).

Liu, M. H. and Gross, G. Framework for the design andanalysis of congestion revenue rights. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onPower Systems, 19:1, 243-251 (Feb. 2004).

Liu, M. H. and Gross, G. Role of distribution factors incongestion revenue rights applications. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onPower Systems, 19:2, 802-810 (May 2004).

95

Ortega, R., de Rinaldis, A., Spong, M. W., Lee, S., andNam, K. On compensation of wave reflections intransmission lines and applications to the overvoltageproblem AC motor drives. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Automatic Control,49:10, 1757-1762 (Oct. 2004).

Sauer, P. W., Heydt, G. T., and Vittal, V. Special sectionon power engineering education. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on PowerSystems, 19:1, 4 (Feb. 2004).

Sauer, P. W., Heydt, G. T., and Vittal, V. The state ofelectric power engineering education. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onPower Systems, 19:1, 5-8 (Feb. 2004).

Soman, S. A., Nguyen, T. B., Pai, M. A., andVaidyanathan, R. Analysis of angle stability problems:A transmission protection systems perspective. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onPower Delivery, 19:3, 1024-1033 (Jul. 2004).

Sun, Y. and Overbye, T. J. Visualizations for powersystem contingency analysis data. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on PowerSystems, 19:4, 1859-1866 (Nov. 2004).

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingCarter, N. P. and Ferrera, S. P. Reconfigurablemagnetoelectronic circuits for threshold logic.International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications,32:5, 363-382 (Sep.-Oct. 2004).

Chandra, R., Lefever, R. M., Joshi, K. R., Cukier, M., andSanders, W. H. A global state–triggered fault injectorfor distributed system evaluation. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on Parallel andDistributed Systems, 15:7, 593-605 (Jul. 2004).

Chen, S., Xu, J., Kalbarczyk, Z., Iyer, R. K., andWhisnant, K. Modeling and evaluating the securitythreats of transient errors in firewall software.Performance Evaluation, 56:1-4, 53-72 (Mar. 2004).

Derisavi, S., Kemper, P., and Sanders, W. H. Symbolicstate-space exploration and numerical analysis of state-sharing composed models. Linear Algebra and ItsApplications, 386:SI, 137-166 (Jul. 15, 2004).

Garg, S. and Kalbarczyk, Z. Guest editorial. PerformanceEvaluation: Dependable Systems and Networks—Performance and Dependability Symposium 2002, SelectedPapers, 56:1-4, 1-2 (Mar. 2004).

Tai, A. T., Sanders, W. H., Alkalai, L., Chau, S. N., andTso, K. S. Performability analysis of guarded-operationduration: A translation approach for reward modelsolutions. Performance Evaluation, 56:1-4, 249-276(Mar. 2004).

Whisnant, K., Iyer, R. K., Kalbarczyk, Z. T., Jones, P. H.,Rennels, D. A., and Some, R. The effects of an ARMOR-based SIFT environment on the performance anddependability of user applications. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on SoftwareEngineering, 30:4, 257-277 (Apr. 2004).

Xiang, D. and Patel J. H. Partial scan design based oncircuit state information and functional analysis.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Computers, 53:3, 276-287 (Mar. 2004).

Remote SensingBasu, B., Retterer, J. M., de La Beaujardiere, O.,Valladares, C. E., and Kudeki, E. Theoretical relationshipbetween maximum value of the post-sunset driftvelocity and peak-to-valley ratio of anomaly TEC[art. no. L03807]. Geophysical Research Letters, 31:3,3807 (Feb. 11, 2004).

Bishop, R. L., Larsen, M. F., Hecht, J. H., Liu, A. Z.,and Gardner, C. S. TOMEX: Mesospheric and lowerthermospheric diffusivities and instability layers[art. no. D02S03]. Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres, 109:D2, S203 (Jan. 20, 2004).

Chu, X. Z., Nott, G. J., Espy, P. J., Gardner, C. S.,Diettrich, J. C., Clilverd, M. A., and Jarvis, M. J. Lidarobservations of polar mesospheric clouds at Rothera,Antarctica (67.5 degrees S, 68.0 degrees W) [art. no.L02114]. Geophysical Research Letters, 31:2, 2114(Jan. 29, 2004).

Dragic, P. D. Injection-seeded Q-switched fiber ringlaser. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersPhotonics Technology Letters, 16:8, 1822-1824(Aug. 2004).

96

Espy, P. J., Jones, G. O. L., Swenson, G. R., Tang, J., andTaylor, M. J. Seasonal variations of the gravity wavemomentum flux in the Antarctic mesosphere and lowerthermosphere [art. no. D23109]. Journal of GeophysicalResearch—Atmospheres, 109:D23, 23109 (Dec. 8, 2004).

Espy, P. J., Jones, G. O. L., Swenson, G. R., Tang, J., andTaylor, M. J. Tidal modulation of the gravity-wavemomentum flux in the Antarctic mesosphere [art. no.L11111]. Geophysical Research Letters, 31:11, 11111(Jun. 12, 2004).

Feng, Z. M., Kudeki, E., Woodman, R. F., Chau, J., andMilla, M. F-region plasma density estimation atJicamarca using the complex cross-correlation oforthogonal polarized backscatter fields [art. no.RS3015]. Radio Science, 39:3, S3015 (Jun. 16, 2004).

Gardner, C. S. Performance capabilities of middle-atmosphere temperature lidars: Comparison of Na, Fe,K, Ca, Ca+, and Rayleigh systems. Applied Optics,43:25, 4941-4956 (Sep. 1, 2004).

Hecht, J. H., Liu, A. Z., Bishop, R. L., Clemmons, J. H.,Gardner, C. S., Larsen, M. F., Roble, R. G., Swenson, G.R., and Walterscheid, R. L. An overview of observationsof unstable layers during the Turbulent Oxygen MixingExperiment (TOMEX) [art. no. D02S01]. Journal ofGeophysical Research—Atmospheres, 109:D2, S201(Jan. 21, 2004).

Hysell, D. L. and Kudeki, E. Collisional shear instabilityin the equatorial F region ionosphere [art. no. A11301].Journal of Geophysical Research—Space Physics,109:A11, 11301 (Nov. 3, 2004).

Kawahara, T. D., Gardner, C. S., and Nomura, A.Observed temperature structure of the atmosphereabove Syowa Station, Antarctica (69 degrees S, 39degrees E) [art. no. D12103]. Journal of GeophysicalResearch—Atmospheres, 109:D12, 12103 (Jun. 23, 2004).

Larsen, M. F., Liu, A. Z., Gardner, C. S., Kelley, M. C.,Collins, S., Friedman, J., and Hecht, J. H. Observationsof overturning in the upper mesosphere and lowerthermosphere [art. no. D02S04]. Journal of GeophysicalResearch-Atmospheres, 109:D2, S204 (Jan. 22, 2004).

Liu, A. Z. and Gardner, C. S. Vertical dynamicaltransport of mesospheric constituents by dissipatinggravity waves. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 66:3-4, 267-275 (Feb.-Mar. 2004).

Liu, A. Z., Roble, R. G., Hecht, J. H., Larsen, M. F., andGardner, C. S. Unstable layers in the mesopause regionobserved with Na lidar during the Turbulent OxygenMixing Experiment (TOMEX) campaign [art. no.D02S02]. Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres,109:D2, S202 (Jan. 17, 2004).

Pancheva, D., Mitchell, N. J., Manson, A. H., Meek, C. E.,Jacobi, C., Portnyagin, Y., Merzlyakov, E., Hocking, W.K., MacDougall, J., Singer, W., Igarashi, K., Clark, R. R.,Riggin, D. M., Franke, S. J., Kurschner, D., Fahrutdinova,A. N., Stepanov, A. M., Kashcheyev, B. L., Oleynikov, A.N., and Muller, H. G. Variability of the quasi-2-daywave observed in the MLT region during the PSMOScampaign of June–August 1999. Journal of Atmosphericand Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 66:6-9, 539-565(Apr.-Jun. 2004).

Plane, J. M. C., Murray, B. J., Chu, X. Z., and Gardner,C. S. Removal of meteoric iron on polar mesosphericclouds. Science, 304:5669, 426-428 (Apr. 16, 2004).

Urbina, J., Kudeki, E., Franke, S. J., and Zhou, Q. H.Analysis of a mid-latitude E-region LQP eventobserved during the Coqui 2 campaign [art. no.L14805]. Geophysical Research Letters, 31:14, 14805(Jul. 31, 2004).

Semiconductor LasersAugustin, L. M., Smalbrugge, E., Choquette, K. D.,Karouta, F., Strijbos, R. C., Verschaffelt, G., Geluk, E. J.,van de Roer, T. G., and Thienpont, H. Controlledpolarization switching in VCSELs by means ofasymmetric current injection. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Photonics Technology Letters, 16:3,708-710 (Mar. 2004).

Danner, A. J., Raftery, J. J., Yokouchi, N., and Choquette,K. D. Transverse modes of photonic crystal vertical-cavity lasers. Applied Physics Letters, 84:7, 1031-1033(Feb. 16, 2004).

Elarde, V. C., Yeoh, T. S., Rangarajan, R., and Coleman,J. J. Controlled fabrication of InGaAs quantum dotsby selective area epitaxy MOCVD growth. Journal ofCrystal Growth, 272:1-4, 148-153 (Dec. 10, 2004).

97

Kim, T. S., Danner, A. J., Grasso, D. M., Young, E. W.,and Choquette, K. D. Single fundamental mode photoniccrystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser with 9GHz bandwidth. Electronics Letters, 40:21, 1340-1342(Oct. 14, 2004).

Kim, Y. K., Choquette, K. D., Baker, J. E., and Allerman,A. A. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis ofvertical cavity surface-emitting lasers. Journal ofVacuum Science and Technology B, 22:3, 949-952(May-Jun. 2004).

Louderback, D. A., Fish, M. A., Klem, J. F., Serkland,D. K., Choquette, K. D., Pickrell, G. W., Stone, R. V., andGuilfoyle, P. S. Development of bottom-emitting 1300-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers PhotonicsTechnology Letters, 16:4, 963-965 (Apr. 2004).

Swint, R. B., Yeoh, T. S., Elarde, V. C., Coleman, J. J.,and Zediker, M. S. Curved waveguides for spatial modefilters in semiconductor lasers. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Photonics Technology Letters, 16:1,12-14 (Jan. 2004).

Yeoh, T. S., Swint, R. B., Elarde, V. C., and Coleman, J. J.The role of the InGaAs surface in selective area epitaxyof quantum dots by indium segregation. Applied PhysicsLetters, 84:16, 3031-3033 (Apr. 19, 2004).

Young, E. W., Grasso, D. M., Lehman, A. C., andChoquette, K. D. Dual-channel wavelength-divisionmultiplexing using a composite resonator vertical-cavity laser. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Photonics Technology Letters, 16:4, 966-968(Apr. 2004).

Semiconductor PhysicsFan, X. F., Wang, X., Winstead, B., Register, L. F.,Ravaioli, U., and Banerjee, S. K. MC simulation ofstrained-Si MOSFET with full-band structure andquantum correction. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Electron Devices,51:6, 962-970 (Jun. 2004).

Guan, D., Ravaioli, U., Peralta, X. G., Allen, S. J., andWanke, M. Green’s function simulation of terahertzphotoconductivity in double quantum well field effecttransistors. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 19:4SI, S446-S448 (Apr. 2004).

Guo, B. Z., Ravaioli, U., and Song, D. Y. Properties ofwurtzite GaN MESFETs studied by two-dimensionalfull-band Monte Carlo approach. MicroelectronicsJournal, 35:2, 117-123 (Feb. 2004).

Li, Y., Rotkin, S. V., and Ravaioli, U. Metal-semiconductor transition in armchair carbonnanotubes by symmetry breaking. Applied PhysicsLetters, 85:18, 4178-4180 (Nov. 1, 2004).

Lu, D. Y., Li, Y., Rotkin, S. V., Ravaioli, U., and Schulten,K. Finite-size effect and wall polarization in a carbonnanotube channel. Nano Letters, 4:12, 2383-2387(Dec. 2004).

Ravishankar, R., Matagne, P., Leburton, J. P., Martin,R. M., and Tarucha, S. Three-dimensional self-consistentsimulations of symmetric and asymmetric laterallycoupled vertical quantum dots [art. no. 035326].Physical Review B, 6903:3, 5326 (Jan. 2004).

Trellakis, A. and Ravaioli, U. Directional effects onbound quantum states for trench oxide quantum wireson (100)-silicon. Solid-State Electronics, 48:3, 367-371(Mar. 2004).

Walter, G., Elkow, J., Holonyak, N., Heller, R. D., Zhang,X. B., and Dupuis, R. D. Visible spectrum (645 nm)transverse electric field laser operation of InP quantumdots coupled to tensile strained In0.46Ga0.54P quantumwells. Applied Physics Letters, 84:5, 666-668(Feb. 2, 2004).

Zhang, L. X. and Leburton, J. P. Electrostatic cross-talkbetween quantum dot and quantum point contactcharge read-out in few-electron quantum dot circuits.Journal of Applied Physics, 96:12, 7352-7356(Dec. 15, 2004).

Zhang, L. X., Leburton, J. P., Hanson, R., andKouwenhoven, L. P. Engineering the quantum pointcontact response to single-electron charging in a few-electron quantum-dot circuit. Applied Physics Letters,85:13, 2628-2630 (Sep. 27, 2004).

Zhang, L. X., Matagne, P., Leburton, J. P., Hanson, R.,and Kouwenhoven, L. P. Single-electron charging anddetection in a laterally coupled quantum-dot circuit inthe few-electron regime [art. no. 245301]. PhysicalReview B, 6924:24, 5301 (Jun. 2004).

98

SemiconductorsBullen, D., Chung, S. W., Wang, X. F., Zou, J., Mirkin,C. A., and Liu, C. Parallel dip-pen nanolithography witharrays of individually addressable cantilevers. AppliedPhysics Letters, 84:5, 789-791 (Feb. 2, 2004).

Bullen, D., Wang, X. F., Zou, J., Chung, S. W., Mirkin,C. A., and Liu, C. Design, fabrication, andcharacterization of thermally actuated probearrays for dip pen nanolithography. Journal ofMicroelectromechanical Systems, 13:4, 594-602(Aug. 2004).

Byun, J. K., Park, I. H., Nah, W., Lee, J. H., and Kang, J.Comparison of shape and topology optimizationmethods for HTS solenoid design. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on AppliedSuperconductivity, 14:2 SI, 1842-1845 (Jun. 2004).

Chang, K. L., Pickrell, G. W., Cheng, K. Y., and Hsieh,K. C. Wafer bonding with low-temperature–grown(Ga,P) as an adhesive material. Semiconductor Scienceand Technology, 19:7, 906-911 (Jul. 2004).

Chen, J. H., Kang, S. M., Zou, J., Liu, C., and Schutt-Aine, J. E. Reduced-order modeling of weaklynonlinear MEMS devices with Taylor-seriesexpansion and Arnoldi approach. Journal ofMicroelectromechanical Systems, 13:3, 441-451(Jun. 2004).

Fan, Z. F., Engel, J. M., Chen, J., and Liu, C. Parylenesurface-micromachined membranes for sensorapplications. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,13:3, 484-490 (Jun. 2004).

Goluch, E. D., Shaikh, K. A., Ryu, K., Chen, J., Engel, J.,and Liu, C. Microfluidic method for in situ depositionand precision patterning of thin-film metals on curvedsurfaces. Applied Physics Letters, 85:16, 3629-3631(Oct. 18, 2004).

Hess, K. and Philipp, N. Comment on “Inclusion of timein the theorem of Bell” by N. D. Mermin. EurophysicsLetters, 67:4, 691-692 (Aug. 2004).

Lee, J. H., Choi, H. S., Nah, W., Park, I. H., Kang, J., Joo,J., Byun, J. K., Kwon, Y. K., Sohn, M. H., and Kim, S. W.Maximization of flux-linkage in HTS motors usingshape design sensitivity analysis with critical currentconstraint. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 14:2SI, 1906-1909 (Jun. 2004).

Lin, H. C. and Cheng, K. Y. Fabrication of substrate-independent hybrid distributed Bragg reflectors usingmetallic wafer bonding. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Photonics Technology Letters, 16:3,837-839 (Mar. 2004).

Meneou, K., Lin, H. C., Cheng, K. Y., Kim, J. G., andMartinelli, R. U. Wet thermal oxidation of AlAsSb alloyslattice matched to GaSb. Journal of Applied Physics,95:9, 5131-5136 (May 1, 2004).

Rotkin, S. V. and Hess, K. Possibility of a metallic field-effect transistor. Applied Physics Letters, 84:16,3139-3141 (Apr. 19, 2004).

Ryu, K. S., Shaikh, K., Goluch, E., Fan, Z. F., and Liu, C.Micro magnetic stir-bar mixer integrated with parylenemicrofluidic channels. Lab on a Chip, 4:6, 608-613(2004).

Ryu, K. S., Wang, X. F., Shaikh, K., and Liu, C. A methodfor precision patterning of silicone elastomer and itsapplications. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,13:4, 568-575 (Aug. 2004).

Ryu, K. S., Wang, X. F., Shaikh, K., Bullen, D., Goluch,E., Zou, J., Liu, C., and Mirkin, C. A. Integratedmicrofluidic linking chip for scanning probenanolithography. Applied Physics Letters, 85:1, 136-138(Jul. 5, 2004).

Shi, F. F., Chang, K., Hsieh, K. C., Guido, L., and Hoke,B. Interface structure and adhesion of wafer-bondedGaN/GaN and GaN/AlGaN semiconductors. Journal ofApplied Physics, 95:3, 909-912 (Feb. 1, 2004).

Shkel, A. M., Liu, C., and Tang, W. C. Special issue onmicrosensors and microactuators: Technology andapplications [editorial]. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Sensors Journal, 4:4, 387-389(Aug. 2004).

Wang, X. F., Bullen, D. A., Zou, J., Liu, C., and Mirkin,C. A. Thermally actuated probe array for parallel dip-pen nanolithography. Journal of Vacuum Science andTechnology B, 22:6, 2563-2567 (Nov.-Dec. 2004).

99

Yang, C. D., Lei, P. H., Pong, D. J., Wu, M. Y., Ho, C. L.,Ho, W. J., Wu, M. C., and Cheng, K. Y. Edge-coupledInGaAsPIN photodiode with a light funnel waveguide.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Journalof Quantum Electronics, 40:11, 1607-1613 (Nov. 2004).

Zhang, Z. H. and Cheng, K. Y. Temperature-stabilized1.55 mm photoluminescence in InAs quantum dotsgrown on InAlGaAs/InP. Journal of Vacuum Scienceand Technology B, 22:3, 1508-1511 (May-Jun. 2004).

Zou, J., Wang, X. F., Bullen, D., Ryu, K., Liu, C., andMirkin, C. A. A mould-and-transfer technology forfabricating scanning probe microscopy probes. Journalof Micromechanics and Microengineering, 14:2, 204-211(Feb. 2004).

Signal and Image ProcessingAizawa, K., Huang, T., Kollias, S., Maragos, P., andSchafer, R. Special issue on object-based and semanticimage and video analysis [editorial]. EuropeanAssociation for Signal Processing Journal on AppliedSignal Processing, 2004:6, 783-785 (Jun. 1, 2004).

Briassouli, A. and Strintzis M. G. Locally optimumnonlinearities for DCT watermark detection. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions ofImage Processing, 13:12, 1604-1617 (Dec. 2004).

Briassouli, A. and Strintzis, M. G. Optimal watermarkdetection under quantization in the transform domain.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersTransactions on Circuits and Systems for VideoTechnology, 14:12, 1308-1319 (Dec. 2004).

Cannons, J. and Moulin, P. Design and statistical analysisof a hash-aided image watermarking system. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions ofImage Processing, 13:10, 1393-1408 (Oct. 2004).

Cheng, Q. Wang, Y. G., and Huang T. S. Performanceanalysis and error exponents of asymmetricwatermarking systems. Signal Processing, 84:8,1429-1445 (Aug. 2004).

Cohen, I., Cozman, F. G., Sebe, N., Cirelo, M. C., andHuang, TS. Semisupervised learning of classifiers:Theory, algorithms, and their application to human-computer interaction. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Pattern Analysisand Machine Intelligence, 26:12, 1553-1567 (Dec. 2004).

Drost, R. J. and Singer, A. C. Factor graph methods forthree-dimensional shape reconstruction as applied toLIDAR imaging. Journal of the Optical Society ofAmerica A—Optics and Image Science, 21:10, 1855-1868(Oct. 2004).

Feder, M., Figueiredo, M.A. T., Hero, A. O., Lee, C. H.,Loeliger, H. A., Nowak, R., Singer, A. C., and Yu, B.Special issue on machine learning methods in signalprocessing [guest editorial]. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Signal Processing,52:8, 2152 (Aug. 2004).

Habuka, K. and Shinagawa, Y. Image interpolation usingenhanced multiresolution critical-point filters.International Journal of Computer Vision, 58:1, 19-35(Jun. 2004).

Hong. P. Y. and Huang T. S. Spatial pattern discoveryby learning a probabilistic parametric model frommultiple attributed relational graphs. Discrete AppliedMathematics, 139:1-3, 113-135 (Apr. 30, 2004).

Kim, S. S., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., and Chen, K.Automatic recognition of pitch movements usingmultilayer perceptron and time-delay recursive neuralnetwork. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersSignal Processing Letters, 11:7, 645-648 (Jul. 2004).

Moghaddam, B., Tian, Q., Lesh, N., Shen, C., and Huang,T. S. Visualization and user-modeling for browsingpersonal photo libraries. International Journal ofComputer Vision, 56:1-2 SI, 109-130 (Jan.-Mar. 2004).

Moulin, P. and Mihcak, M. K. The parallel-Gaussianwatermarking game. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on InformationTheory, 50:2, 272-289 (Feb. 2004).

Moulin, P., Kalker, T., Cox, I., Dittmann, J., Duhamel, P.,Jain, A., Katzenbeisser, S., and Lagendijk, R. Supplementon secure media—I [guest editorial]. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onSignal Processing, 52:10 Part 2, 2954 (Oct. 2004).

Omar M. K. and Hasegawa-Johnson, M. Modelenforcement: A unified feature transformationframework for classification and recognition. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onSignal Processing, 52:10 Part 1, 2701-2710 (Oct. 2004).

100

Pan, H., Levinson, S. E., Huang, T. S., and Liang, Z. P.A fused hidden Markov model with application tobimodal speech processing. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Transactions on Signal Processing,52:3, 573-581 (Mar. 2004).

Simitopoulos, D., Tsaftaris, S. A., Boulgouris, N. V.,Briassouli, A., and Strintzis, M. G. Fast watermarkingof MPEG-1/2 streams using compressed-domainperceptual embedding and a generalized correlatordetector. European Association for Signal, Speech andImage Processing Journal on Applied Signal Processing,2004:8, 1088-1106 (Jul. 1, 2004).

Song, S., Singer, A. C., and Sung K. M. Soft inputchannel estimation for turbo equalization. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions onSignal Processing, 52:10 Part 1, 2885-2894 (Oct. 2004).

Tuchler, M., Koetter, R., and Singer, A. C. Graphicalmodels for coded data transmission over inter-symbolinterference channels. European Transactions onTelecommunications, 15:4, 307-321 (Jul.-Aug. 2004).

Volinsky, A. A., Johnson, H., Ganti, S., and Sharma, P.Microelectronic engineering special issue:Characterization and mechanical reliability ofadvanced electronic materials at nanoscale [foreword].Microelectronic Engineering, 75:1, 1-2 (Jul. 2004).

Wu, Y. and Huang T. S. Robust visual tracking byintegrating multiple cues based on co-inferencelearning. International Journal of Computer Vision,58:1, 55-71 (Jun. 2004).

Supercomputing Research andDevelopmentBajcsy, P. Gridline: Automatic grid alignment in DNAmicroarray scans. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Transactions of Image Processing, 13:1, 15-25(Jan. 2004).

Carroll, S. and Polychronopoulos, C. A framework forincremental extensible compiler construction.International Journal of Parallel Programming, 32:4,289-316 (Aug. 2004).

Puschel, M., Moura, J. M. F., Singer, B., Xiong, J. X.,Johnson, J., Padua, D., Veloso, M., and Johnson, R. W.Spiral: A generator for platform-adapted libraries ofsignal processing algorithms. International Journal ofHigh Performance Computing Applications, 18:2, 279(2004).

Puschel, M., Moura, J. M. F., Singer, B., Xiong, J. X.,Johnson, J., Padua, D., Veloso, M., and Johnson, R. W.Spiral: A generator for platform-adapted libraries ofsignal processing alogorithms. International Journal ofHigh Performance Computing Applications, 18:1, 21-45(2004).

Thin Films and Charged ParticlesChoi, H. and Park, S. H. Seedless growth of free-standing copper nanowires by chemical vapordeposition. Journal of the American Chemical Society,126:20, 6248-6249 (May 26, 2004).

Efremov, M. Y., Olson, E. A., Zhang, M., Lai, S. L.,Schiettekatte, F., Zhang, Z. S., and Allen, L. H. Thin-filmdifferential scanning nanocalorimetry: Heat capacityanalysis. Thermochimica Acta, 412:1-2, 13-23(Mar. 23, 2004).

Efremov, M. Y., Olson, E. A., Zhang, M., Schiettekatte, F.,Zhang, Z. S., and Allen, L. H. Ultrasensitive, fast,thin-film differential scanning calorimeter. Review ofScientific Instruments, 75:1, 179-191 (Jan. 2004).

Kim, H. K., Adesida, I., Kim, K. K., Park, S. J., andSeong, T. Y. Study of the electrical and structuralcharacteristics of Al/Pt ohmic contacts on n-type ZnOepitaxial layer. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,151:4, G223-G226 (2004).

Kim, H. K., Seong, T. Y., Kim, K. K., Park, S. J., Yoon,Y. S., and Adesida, I. Mechanism of nonalloyed Al ohmiccontacts to n-type ZnO : Al epitaxial layer. JapaneseJournal of Applied Physics Part 1—Regular Papers, ShortNotes, and Review Papers, 43:3, 976-979 (Mar. 2004).

Lai, Y. C., Bin Choy, Y., Haemmerich, D., Vorperian,V. R., and Webster, J. G. Lesion size estimator of cardiacradiofrequency ablation at different common locationswith different tip temperatures. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Transactions on BiomedicalEngineering, 51:10, 1859-1864 (Oct. 2004).

101

Tunneling MicroscopyLiu, F. Y., Griffin, P. B., Plummer, J. D., Lyding, J. W.,Moran, J. M., Richards, J. F., and Kulig, L. Carrierprofiling via scanning tunneling spectroscopy:Comparison with scanning capacitance microscopy.Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 22:1,422-426 (Jan.-Feb. 2004).

Ruppalt, L. B., Albrecht, P. M., and Lyding, J. W. Atomicresolution scanning tunneling microscope study ofsingle-walled carbon nanotubes on GaAs(110). Journalof Vacuum Science and Technology B, 22:4, 2005-2007(Jul.-Aug. 2004).

Shen, T. C., Kline, J. S., Schenkel, T., Robinson, S. J., Ji,J. Y., Yang, C., Du, R. R., and Tucker, J. R. Nanoscaleelectronics based on two-dimensional dopant patternsin silicon. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B,22:6, 3182-3185 (Nov.-Dec. 2004).

Papers Presented atConferences andSymposia

Advanced AutomationBriassouli, A. and Ahuja, N. Fusion of frequency andspatial domain information for motion analysis.17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition(Cambridge, UK, Aug. 2004). Proceedings of the 17thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition 175-178.

Chunyu, G. and Ahuja, N. Single camera stereo usingplanar parallel plate. 17th International Conferenceon Pattern Recognition (Cambridge, UK, Aug. 2004).Proceedings of the 17th International Conference onPattern Recognition, Vol. 4, 108-111 (2004).

Hongcheng, W. and Ahuja, N. Compact representationof multidimensional data using tensor rank-onedecomposition. 17th International Conference on PatternRecognition (Cambridge, UK, Aug. 2004). Proceedings ofthe 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition,Vol. 1, 44-47 (2004).

Kloder, S., Bhattacharya, S., and Hutchinson, S.A configuration space for permutation-invariantmulti-robot formations. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onRobotics and Automation (New Orleans, LA, Apr. 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onRobotics and Automation 2746-2751 (2004).

Liu, C.-B. and Ahuja, N. Vision-based fire detection.17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition(Cambridge, UK, Aug. 2004). Proceedings of the 17thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition 134-137(2004).

Liu, C.-B. and Ahuja, N. A model for dynamic shapeand its applications. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Computer Society Conference onComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Washington,DC, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionII129-II134 (2004).

Murrieta, R., Sarmiento, A., Bhattacharya, S., andHutchinson, S. A. Maintaining visibility of a movingtarget at a fixed distance: The case of observerbounded speed. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onRobotics and Automation (New Orleans, LA, Apr. 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onRobotics and Automation 479-484 (2004).

Ning, X., Karhan, T., Arora, H., and Ahuja, N. Generatingomnifocus images using graph cuts and a new focusmeasure. 17th International Conference on PatternRecognition (Cambridge, UK, Aug. 2004). Proceedingsof the 17th International Conference on PatternRecognition, Vol. 4, 697-700 (2004).

Singh, M., Jagmohan, A., and Ahuja, N. Stereoregistration using kernel density. 7th InternationalAssociation of Science and Technology for DevelopmentInternational Conference on Computer Graphics andImaging (Kauai, HI, Aug. 2004). Proceedings of the 7thInternational Association of Science and Technology forDevelopment International Conference on ComputerGraphics and Imaging 260-265 (2004).

102

Tianli, Y., Ning, X., and Ahuja, N. Reconstructing adynamic surface from video sequences using graphcuts in 4D space-time. 17th International Conferenceon Pattern Recognition (Cambridge, UK, Aug. 2004).Proceedings of the 17th International Conference onPattern Recognition, Vol. 2, 245-248 (2004).

Tianli, Y., Ning, X., and Ahuja, N. Recovering shape andreflectance model of non-Lambertian objects frommultiple views. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Computer Society Conference onComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Washington,DC, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,Vol. 2, 226-233 (2004).

Tianli, Y., Ning, X., and Ahuja, N. Shape and viewindependent reflectance map from multiple views. 8thEuropean Conference on Computer Vision (Prague, CzechRepublic, May 2004). Proceedings of the 8th EuropeanConference on Computer Vision, Vol. 4, 602-615 (2004).

Advanced Processing and CircuitsAdesida, I., Kumar, V., Lee, J.-W., Kuliev, A., Schwindt,R., and Lanford, W. GaN electronics with high electronmobility transistors. 24th International Conference onMicroelectronics (Nis, Serbia, May 2004). Proceedings ofthe 24th International Conference on Microelectronics,Vol. 1, 89-96 (2004).

Applied Computation TheoryChmiel, R. and Loui, M. C. Debugging: From noviceto expert. 35th Association for Computing MachinerySpecial Interest Group on Computer Science EducationTechnical Symposium on Computer Science Education(Norfolk, VA, Mar. 2004). Proceedings of the 35thAssociation for Computing Machinary Special InterestGroup on Computer Science Education TechnicalSymposium on Computer Science Education 17-21 (2004).

BioacousticsNam, Y. and Wheeler, B. C. Multichannel recordingand stimulation of neuronal cultures grown onmicrostamped poly-D-lysine. 26th Annual InternationalConference of the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society(San Francisco, CA, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 26thAnnual International Conference of the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering inMedicine and Biology Society 4049-4052 (2004).

CircuitsBalamurugan, G., Jaussi, J., Johnson, D. R. Casper, B.,Martin, A., Kennedy, J., Mooney, R., and Shanbhag, N.Receiver adaptation and system characterization ofan 8 Gbps source-synchronous I/O link using on-diecircuits in 0.13 µm CMOS. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers 2004 Symposium on Very LargeScale Integrated Circuits (Honolulu, HI, Jun. 2004).Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2004Symposium on Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits,Digest of Technical Papers 356-359 (2004).

Deng, L. and Wong, M. D. F. Optimal algorithm forminimizing the number of twists in an on-chip bus.Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference andExhibition (Paris, France, Feb. 2004). Proceedings of theDesign, Automation and Test in Europe Conference andExhibition, Vol. 2, 1104-1109 (2004).

Kanj, R., Lehner, T., Agrawal, B., and Rosenbaum, E.Noise characterization of static CMOS gates. 2004Design Automation Conference (San Diego, CA, Jun.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Design AutomationConference 888-893 (2004).

Mansour, M. M., Mehrotra, A. Walker, W. W., andNarayan, A. Analysis techniques for obtaining thesteady-state solution of MOS LC oscillators. 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Symposium on Circuits and Systems(Vancouver, BC, May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Symposium on Circuits and SystemsV512-V515 (2004).

103

Ming Z. and Shanbhag, N. R. A soft error rate analysis(SERA) methodology. 2004 International Conference onComputer-Aided Design (San Jose, CA, Nov. 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference onComputer-Aided Design 111-118 (2004).

Mui, M. L., Banerjee, K., and Mehrotra, A. Power supplyoptimization in sub-130 nm leakage dominanttechnologies. 5th International Symposium on QualityElectronic Design (San Jose, CA, Mar. 2004). Proceedingsof the 5th International Symposium on Quality ElectronicDesign 409-414 (2004).

Shanbhag, N. R. A communication-theoretic designparadigm for reliable SOCs. 2004 Design AutomationConference (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2004). Proceedings ofthe 2004 Design Automation Conference 76 (2004).

Sridhara, S. R. and Shanbhag, N. R. Coding for system-on-chip networks: A unified framework. 2004 DesignAutomation Conference (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 Design Automation Conference103-106 (2004).

CommunicationsAhmed, A., Koetter, R., and Shanbhag, N. R. Reducedcomplexity interpolation for soft-decoding of Reed-Solomon codes. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory (Chicago, IL, Jun. 2004). Proceedingsof the 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Symposium on InformationTheory 385 (2004).

Ahmed, A., Koetter, R., and Shanbhag, N. R. VLSIarchitectures for soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon codes. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onCommunications (Paris, France, Jun. 2004). Proceedingsof the 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Communications2584-2590 (2004).

Chamberland, J.-F. and Veeravalli, V. V. Adaptivesignaling schemes for detection in wireless sensornetworks. 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Symposium on InformationTheory (Chicago, IL, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Symposium on Information Theory 252(2004).

Koetter, R., Li, W.-C. W., Vontobel, P. O., and Walker,J. L. Pseudo-codewords of cycle codes via zetafunctions. 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Information Theory Workshop (San Antonio,TX, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Information TheoryWorkshop 7-12 (2004).

Liang, Y. and Veeravalli, V. V. The impact of relaying onthe capacity of broadcast channels. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalSymposium on Information Theory (Chicago, IL, Jun.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory 403 (2004).

Pandit, C., Jianyi Huang, Meyn, S., and Veeravalli, V.Extremal distributions in information theory andhypothesis testing. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Information Theory Workshop(San Antonio, TX, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInformation Theory Workshop 76-81 (2004).

Pandit, C., Meyn, S., and Veeravalli, V. Asymptoticrobust Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing basedon moment classes. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory (Chicago, IL, Jun. 2004). Proceedingsof the 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Symposium on InformationTheory 220 (2004).

Vontobel, P. O. and Koetter, R. Lower bounds on theminimum pseudoweight of linear codes. 2004 Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalSymposium on Information Theory (Chicago, IL, Jun.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory 70 (2004).

Wu, X. and Srikant, R. Near-optimal input distributionsin fading channels with large coherent dimension.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Communications (Paris,France, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Communications, Vol. 1, 557-561 (2004).

104

Wu, X. and Srikant, R. Near-optimal signaling forwideband fading channels. 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory (Chicago, IL, Jun. 2004). Proceedingsof the 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Symposium on InformationTheory 413 (2004).

Xinzhou, W. and Srikant, R. MIMO channels in thelow SNR regime: Communication rate, error exponentand signal peakiness. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Information Theory Workshop(San Antonio, TX, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInformation Theory Workshop 428-433 (2004).

Zhao, Z. and Blahut, R. E. Space diversity for themultimode optical fiber channel. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalSymposium on Information Theory (Chicago, IL, Jun.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory 335 (2004).

Computer EngineeringHu, C. and Hou, J. LISP: A link-indexed statisticaltraffic prediction approach to improving IEEE 802.11PSM. 2nd Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Distributed ComputingSystems (Tokyo, Japan, Mar. 2004). Proceedings of the2nd Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Distributed ComputingSystems 292-300 (2004).

Wah, B. W. and Xin, D. Optimization of boundsin temporal flexible planning with dynamiccontrollability. 16th Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Tools withArtificial Intelligence (Boca Raton, FL, Nov. 2004).Proceedings of the 16th Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onTools with Artificial Intelligence 40-48 (2004).

Decision and ControlAlpcan, T., Basar, T., and Dey, S. A power control gamebased on outage probabilities for multicell wireless datanetworks. 2004 American Control Conference (Boston,MA, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 AmericanControl Conference, Vol. 2, 1661-1666 (2004).

Baliga, G., Graham, S., Sha, L., and Kumar, P. R.Etherware: Domainware for wireless control networks.7th International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (Vienna, Austria, May 2004).Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium onObject-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing155-162 (2004).

Giridhar, A. and Kumar, P. R. Computing andcommunicating statistics in sensor networks. 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Chicago,IL, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalSymposium on Information Theory 80 (2004).

Giridhar, A. and Kumar, P. R. Sensor networks: Towardsa theory of computation and communication offunctions of measurements to a fusion center. 2004International Zurich Seminar on Communications:Access–Transmission–Networking (Zurich, Switzerland,Feb. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 InternationalZurich Seminar on Communications:Access–Transmission–Networking 176-178 (2004).

Hongxia, S. and Basar, T. Differentiated Internet pricingusing a hierarchical network game model. 2004American Control Conference (Boston, MA, Jun. 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference,Vol. 3, 2322-2327 (2004).

Huang, K., Ma, Y., and Vidal, R. Minimum effectivedimension for mixtures of subspaces: A robust GPCAalgorithm and its applications. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(Washington, DC, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ComputerSociety Conference on Computer Vision and PatternRecognition II631-II638 (2004).

105

Imer, O. C., Yuksel, S., and Basar, T. Optimal control ofdynamical systems over unreliable communicationlinks. 6th International Federation of Automatic ControlSymposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (Stuttgart,Germany, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 6th InternationalFederation of Automatic Control Symposium on NonlinearControl Systems, Vol. 3, 1271-1276 (2004).

Kashyap, A., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Correlatedjamming on MIMO Gaussian fading channels. 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Communications (Paris,France, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Communications 458-462 (2004).

Kumar, P. R. Capacity, architecture, protocols, andsensing in wireless networks. 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Information Theory Workshop(San Antonio, TX, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInformation Theory Workshop 469-472 (2004).

Kun, H., Yang, A. Y., Wei, H., and Yi, M. Large-baselinematching and reconstruction from symmetry cells.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Robotics and Automation(New Orleans, LA, Apr. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Robotics and Automation,Vol. 2, 1418-1423 (2004).

Liberzon, D. Stabilizing a nonlinear system with limitedinformation. 1st International Symposium on Control,Communications and Signal Processing (Hammamet,Tunisia, Mar. 2004). Proceedings of the 1st InternationalSymposium on Control, Communications and SignalProcessing 7-9 (2004).

Sundaram, S. and Hadjicostis, C. N. Non-concurrenterror detection and correction in switched linearcontrollers. 7th International Workshop on HybridSystems: Computation and Control (Philadelphia, PA,Mar. 2004). Proceedings of the 7th International Workshopon Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control 585-599(2004).

Whalen, E. A., Melody, J. W., Bragg, M. B., and Basar, T.Aircraft characterization in icing using flight test data.42nd American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsAerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit (Reno, NV, Jan.2004). Proceedings of the 42nd American Institute ofAeronautics and Astronautics Aerospace Sciences Meetingand Exhibit 8421-8435 (2004).

Wu, Y., Koetter, R., and Hadjicostis, C. Soft-decisiondecoding of linear block codes using preprocessing.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Chicago,IL, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalSymposium on Information Theory 259 (2004).

Electromagnetic Communicationand Electronics PackagingChoudhury, R. R. and Vaidya, N. H. Deafness: A MACproblem in ad hoc networks when using directionalantennas. 12th Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Network Protocols(Berlin, Germany, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 12thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Network Protocols 283-292(2004).

Tavildar, S. and Viswanath, P. Tradeoff-optimality ofD-BLAST. 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Information Theory Workshop (San Antonio,TX, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Information TheoryWorkshop 45-49 (2004).

Wang, H. and Viswanath, P. Fixed binning schemes: Anoperational duality between channel and source codingproblems with side information. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalSymposium on Information Theory (Chicago, IL, Jun.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory 197 (2004).

106

Xue, Y. and Vaidya, N. H. A wakeup scheme for sensornetworks: Achieving balance between energy savingand end-to-end delay. 10th Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Real-Time and EmbeddedTechnology and Applications Symposium (Toronto, ON,May 2004). Proceedings of the 10th Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Real-Time and EmbeddedTechnology and Applications Symposium 19-26 (2004).

Yang, X., Liu, L., Vaidya, N. H., and Zhao, F. A vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol for cooperativecollision warning. 1st Annual International Conference onMobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services(Boston, MA, Aug. 2004). Proceedings of the 1st AnnualInternational Conference on Mobile and UbiquitousSystems: Networking and Services 114-123 (2004).

ElectromagneticsBotha, M. M. and Jin, J.-M. A posteriori error indicatorsfor 3D electromagnetic FE-BI analysis. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting(Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting 3497-3500 (2004).

Botha, M. M. and Jin, J.-M. A stationary FE-BIformulation for 3D electromagnetic analysis. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting(Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting 3493-3496 (2004).

Byun, J.-K. and Jin, J.-M. A comparative study ofinfinite elements for two-dimensional electromagneticscattering analysis. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun.2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Antennas and PropagationSociety Symposium held in conjunction with the UnitedStates National Committee for the International Union ofRadio Science National Radio Science Meeting3513-3516 (2004).

Cangellaris, A. C. and Zhu, Y. Robust finite elementmodeling of electromagnetic interactions in complexstructures via multigrid and multilevel preconditioning.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest ofTechnical Papers, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting 355-358 (2004).

Chang, S.-W., Chuang, S.-L., Ku, P.-C., Chang-Hasnain,C. J., Palinginis, P., and Wang, H. Polarization-dependentexcitonic population pulsation and slow light dueexcitation-induced dephasing. International QuantumElectronics Conference (San Francisco, CA, May 2004).Proceedings of the International Quantum ElectronicsConference (2004).

Chen, N.-W., Lu, M., Jiang, P., Capolino, F., Shanker, B.,and Michielssen, E. A time-marching scheme foranalyzing transient scattering from nonplanar doublyperiodic structures. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun.2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Antennas and PropagationSociety Symposium held in conjunction with the UnitedStates National Committee for the International Union ofRadio Science National Radio Science Meeting4535-4538 (2004).

107

Chen, Q., Lu, M., and Michielssen, E. Integral equation-based analysis of transient scattering from surfaceswith impedance boundary condition. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science MeetingIEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium 2004Digest held in Conjunction with: USNC/URSI NationalRadio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digestof Technical Papers, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting 3891-3894 (2004).

Chew, W. C. Sommerfeld integrals for LH materials.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest ofTechnical Papers, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting, Vol. 3, 2552-2555(2004).

Chew, W. C. Waves and fields inside a borehole. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meetingand Propagation Society Symposium 2004 Digest held inConjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio ScienceMeeting (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest of TechnicalPapers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersAntennas and Propagation Society Symposium held inconjunction with the United States National Committee forthe International Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting 2983-2986 (2004).

Chew, W. C., Chu, Y. H., Jiang, L. J., Chiang, I. T., Pan, Y.C., and Zhao, J. S. Mixing electromagnetic and electricalcircuit simulations. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun.2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Antennas and PropagationSociety Symposium held in conjunction with the UnitedStates National Committee for the International Union ofRadio Science National Radio Science Meeting3285-3288 (2004).

Chung, I. J. and Cangellaris, A. C. Expedientmethodology for the quantification of interconnect-induced semiconductor substrate noise. Topical Meetingon Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging(Portland, OR, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the TopicalMeeting on Electrical Performance of ElectronicPackaging 269-272 (2004).

Cung, G., Fladie, J., Mayes, P. E., and Bernhard, J. T.Investigation of canted compound sector antennas forwideband aperiodic arrays. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting1887-1890 (2004).

Deng, Z. and Schutt-Aine, J. E. Stability analysis oflatency insertion method (LIM). Topical Meeting onElectrical Performance of Electronic Packaging (Portland,OR, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the Topical Meeting onElectrical Performance of Electronic Packaging167-170 (2004).

108

Hastriter, M. L. and Chew, W. C. Role of numerical noisein ultra large-scale computing. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting3373-3376 (2004).

Hietpas, K., Ervin, B., Kuchma, D. A., Reis, H., andBernhard, J. T. Wireless embedded rust monitoringsystems. 2004 Antenna Applications Symposium(Monticello, IL, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Antenna Applications Symposium 27-44 (2004).

Hietpas, K., Huff, G. H., and Bernhard, J. T. Investigationof phased array beam steering using reconfigurableantennas. International Conference on Antennas, Radar,and Wave Propagation (Banff, AB, Jul. 2004). Proceedingsof the International Conference on Antennas, Radar, andWave Propagation 41-44 (2004).

Hoffman, E. H. and Chuang, S.-L. Theory forintersubband absorption in quantum dots. Physics andSimulation of Optoelectronic Devices XII (San Jose, CA,Jun. 2004). Proceedings of SPIE—The InternationalSociety for Optical Engineering 90-94 (2004).

Hong, W. and Cangellaris, A. C. Finite element analysisof passive electromagnetic devices including lumpedelectrical circuit models. 54th Electronic Componentsand Technology Conference (Las Vegas, NV, Jun. 2004).Proceedings of the 54th Electronic Components andTechnology Conference 231-236 (2004).

Hong, W., Cangellaris, A. C., and Kuo, A.-Y. Applicationof domain decomposition to the finite-elementelectromagnetic modeling of planar multi-layeredinterconnect structures and integrated passives.Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of ElectronicPackaging (Portland, OR, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of theTopical Meeting on Electrical Performance of ElectronicPackaging 281-284 (2004).

Huff, G. H. and Bernhard, J. T. Analysis of a radiationand frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna. 2004Antenna Applications Symposium (Monticello, IL, Sep.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Antenna ApplicationsSymposium 175-191 (2004).

Huff, G. H. and Bernhard, J. T. Effects of mutualcoupling in arrays of radiation reconfigurableantennas. International Conference on Antennas, Radar,and Wave Propagation (Banff, AB, Jul. 2004). Proceedingsof the International Conference on Antennas, Radar, andWave Propagation 92-96 (2004).

Jae-Yong, I. and Cangellaris, A. C. Modeling ofsemiconductor substrate on on-chip power gridswitching. Topical Meeting on Electrical Performanceof Electronic Packaging (Portland, OR, Oct. 2004).Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on ElectricalPerformance of Electronic Packaging 265-268 (2004).

Kerby, K. C. and Bernhard, J. T. Wideband periodicarray of random subarrays. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting555-558 (2004).

Lerttamrab, M., Chuang, S. L., Yang, R. Q., and Hill, C. J.Linewidth enhancement factor of a type-II quantum-cascade laser. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics(San Francisco, CA, May 2004). Proceedings of theConference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Vol. 1 (2004).

Liu, N., Lu, M., Shanker, B., and Michielssen, E. Theparallel plane wave time domain algorithm-acceleratedmarching on in-time solvers for large-scaleelectromagnetic scattering problems. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting(Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting 4212-4215 (2004).

109

Liu, Y. and Chew, W. C. Support operator method onwaveguide problems. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting,Vol. 2, 2135-2138 (2004).

Liu, Y. and Chew, W. C. Time domain support operatormethod on unstructured grids. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting,Vol. 1, 53-56 (2004).

Lomakin, V. and Michielssen, E. Efficient calculationof transient fields in multilayered media. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting(Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting 4232-4235 (2004).

Lou, Z. and Jin, J.-M. Higher-order finite elementanalysis of finite-by-infinite arrays. Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Antennas and PropagationSociety Symposium held in conjunction with the UnitedStates National Committee for the International Union ofRadio Science National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey,CA, Jun. 2005). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting3505-3508 (2004).

Lu, M. and Michielssen, E. A local filtering scheme forFMM/PWTD algorithms. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting4523-4526 (2004).

Manetas, G. and Cangellaris, A. C. Methodology forexpedient computation of semiconductor substratenoise coupling. Topical Meeting on ElectricalPerformance of Electronic Packaging (Portland, OR, Oct.2004). Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on ElectricalPerformance of Electronic Packaging 273-276 (2004).

Mao-Kun L. and Chew, W. C. A new Sommerfeld-Watson transform in 3D. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting,Vol. 2, 2031-2034 (2004).

Ohnuki, S. and Chew, W. C. A high-frequencyapproximation for random rough surface problems.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest ofTechnical Papers, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting 619-622 (2004).

110

Rylander, T. and Jin, J.-M. Perfectly matched layers inthree dimensions for the time-domain finite elementmethod. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersAntennas and Propagation Society Symposium held inconjunction with the United States National Committee forthe International Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest ofTechnical Papers, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting 3473-3476 (2004).

Rylander, T. and Jin, J.-M. Stability and accuracy ofcoaxial waveguide port algorithm for the time-domainfinite element method. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting3477-3480 (2004).

Shuqing L., Lomakin, V., and Michielssen, E. Enhancedtransmission through truncated compound periodicarrays of subwavelength holes. Digest of TechnicalPapers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersAntennas and Propagation Society Symposium held inconjunction with the United States National Committee forthe International Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest ofTechnical Papers, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting, Vol. 4, 4172-4175(2004).

Wang, X., Botha, M. M., and Jin, J.-M. A simple errorestimator for the moment method in electromagneticscattering. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Antennas and Propagation Society Symposiumheld in conjunction with the United States NationalCommittee for the International Union of Radio ScienceNational Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA, Jun.2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Antennas and PropagationSociety Symposium held in conjunction with the UnitedStates National Committee for the International Union ofRadio Science National Radio Science Meeting3385-3388 (2004).

Yilmaz, A. E., Jin, J.-M., and Michielssen, E. Broadbandanalysis of electromagnetic scattering from dielectriccoated conductors with parallel TD-AIM. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting(Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting 4220-4223 (2004).

Yilmaz, A. E., Jin, J.-M., and Michielssen, E. A paralleltime-domain adaptive integral method based hybridfield-circuit simulator. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting3309-3312 (2004).

111

Yunhui C. and Chew, W. C. A fast algorithm forelectrically small composite objects. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting(Monterey, CA, Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennasand Propagation Society Symposium held in conjunctionwith the United States National Committee for theInternational Union of Radio Science National RadioScience Meeting, Vol. 4, 3960-3963 (2004).

High Frequency DevicesChan, R. and Feng, M. Low noise and high gainwideband amplifier using SiGe HBT technology.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersMicrowave Theory and Techniques InternationalSymposium (Fort Worth, TX, Jun. 2004). Digest,2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersMicrowave Theory and Techniques InternationalSymposium, Vol. 1, 21-24 (2004).

Feng, M., Price, R. K., Chan, R., Chung, T., Dupuis, R. D.,Keogh, D. M., Li, J. C., Conway, A. M., Qiao, D.,Raychaudhuri, S., and Asbeck, P. M. Current status ofGaN heterojunction bipolar transistors. 2004Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting(Montreal, QC, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting 26-31(2004).

Qiurong, H. and Milton, F. A novel half-rate architecturefor high-speed clock and data recovery. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalSystems-On-Chip Conference (Santa Clara, CA, Sep.2004). Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Systems-On-ChipConference 351-354 (2004).

Magnetic ResonanceWang, H., Wang, H., and Shen, J. Architectural designand implementation of highly available and scalablemedical system with IBM WebSphere middleware.17th Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersSymposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems(Bethesda, MD, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 17thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersSymposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems174-179 (2004).

Xu, D., Ying, L., and Liang, Z.-P. Parallel generalizedseries MRI: Algorithm and application to cancerimaging. 26th Annual International Conference of theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersEngineering in Medicine and Biology Society (SanFrancisco, CA, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 26thAnnual International Conference of the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering inMedicine and Biology Society, Vol. 2, 1052-1055 (2004).

Xu, D., Ying, L., and Liang, Z.-P. SENSE reconstructionwith inaccurate sensitivity functions: Effects andremedies. 26th Annual International Conference of theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersEngineering in Medicine and Biology Society (SanFrancisco, CA, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 26thAnnual International Conference of the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering inMedicine and Biology Society, Vol. 2, 1112-1115 (2004).

Yuan, L., Ying, L., and Liang, Z.-P. Truncation effects inSENSE reconstruction. 26th Annual InternationalConference of the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society(San Francisco, CA, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 26thAnnual International Conference of the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering inMedicine and Biology Society, Vol. 2, 1136-1139 (2004).

Optical ImagingBoppart, S. A., Marks, D. L., Oldenburg, A. L., Vinegoni,C., Bredfeldt, J. S., Xu, C., Gunther, J. R., Toublan, F. J.-J.and, Suslick, K. S. Contrast enhancement methods foroptical coherence tomography. Laser and Electro OpticsSociety Summer Topical Meeting (San Diego, CA, Jul.2004). 2004 Digest of the Laser and Electro Optics SocietySummer Topical Meetings 14-15 (2004).

112

Bredfeldt, J. S., Marks, D. L., Vinegoni, C., Hambir, S.,Dlott, D., and Boppart, S. Nonlinear interferometricvibrational imaging of molecular species. Progress inBiomedical Optics and Imaging—Biomedical VibrationalSpectroscopy and Biohazard Detection Technologies(San Jose, CA, Jan. 2004). Proceedings of SPIE—TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 149-156(2004).

Fahrner, L. J., Wei, T., Vinegoni, C., Eurell, T. E., andBoppart, S A. Structural and functional imaging ofengineered tissue development using an integratedOCT and multiphoton microscope. Laser Interactionwith Tissue and Cells XV (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2004).Proceedings of the SPIE—The International Society forOptical Engineering 1-10 (2004).

Lazebnik, M., Marks, D. L., Potgieter, K., Gillette, R., andBoppart, S. A. Functional optical coherence tomographyof stimulated and spontaneous scattering changes inneural tissue. Coherence Domain Optical Methods andOptical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine VIII(San Jose, CA, Jan. 2004). Proceedings of the SPIE—TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 107-112(2004).

Lu, M., Lu, M., Carney, P. S., and Michielssen, E. FDTDsimulation of 3-D surface plasmon polariton bandgap waveguide structures. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation SocietySymposium held in conjunction with the United StatesNational Committee for the International Union of RadioScience National Radio Science Meeting (Monterey, CA,Jun. 2004). Digest of Technical Papers, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas andPropagation Society Symposium held in conjunction withthe United States National Committee for the InternationalUnion of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting3155-3158 (2004).

Marks, D. L., Vinegoni, C., Bredfeldt, J. S., and Boppart,S. A. Pulse shaping strategies for nonlinearinterferometric vibrational imaging optimized forbiomolecular imaging. 26th Annual InternationalConference of the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society(San Francisco, CA, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 26thAnnual International Conference of the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering inMedicine and Biology Society 5300-5303 (2004).

Oldenburg, A. L., Gunther, J. R., Toublan, F. J.-J., Marks,D. L., Suslick, K. S., and Boppart, S. A. Magneticcontrast agents for optical coherence tomography.Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging—CoherenceDomain Optical Methods and Optical CoherenceTomography in Biomedicine VIII (San Jose, CA, Jan.2004). Proceedings of SPIE— The International Societyfor Optical Engineering 91-98 (2004).

Ralston, T. S., Mayen, J. A., Marks, D., and Boppart, S. A.Real-time digital design for an optical coherencetomography acquisition and processing system. Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: ImageAcquisition and Processing XI (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2004).Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging 159-170(2004).

Xu, C., Ye, J., Marks, D. L., and Boppart, S. A. Use ofnear-infrared fluorescent dyes in depth resolvedspectroscopic optical coherence tomography. 26thAnnual International Conference of the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering inMedicine and Biology Society (San Francisco, CA,Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 26th Annual InternationalConference of the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society1214-1217 (2004).

Optical Physics and EngineeringRotkin, S. V. Formalism of dielectric function anddepolarization in SWNT: Application to nano-opticalswitches and probes. NanoModeling (Denver, CO, Aug.2004). Proceedings of SPIE—The International Societyfor Optical Engineering 145-159 (2004).

Zhu, C. J., Lu, Z. H., Senin, A. A., Allen, J. R., Oldenburg,A. L., Gao, J., and Eden, J. G. Competition betweenquantum beatings at 608 cm-1 and 70 cm-1 in Rbobserved by parametric four-wave mixing. InternationalQuantum Electronics Conference (San Francisco, CA,May 2004). Proceedings of the International QuantumElectronics Conference (2004).

113

Power and Energy SystemsDonde, V. and Hiskens, I. A. Grazing bifurcations inperiodic hybrid systems. 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Symposium onCircuits and Systems (Vancouver, BC, May 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Symposium onCircuits and Systems, Vol. 4, IV697-IV700 (2004).

Donde, V. and Hiskens, I. A. Guaranteeing dynamicperformance in nonlinear non-smooth power systems.6th International Federation of Automatic ControlSymposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (Stuttgart,Germany, Sep. 2004). Proceedings of the 6th InternationalFederation of Automatic Control Symposium on NonlinearControl Systems, Vol. 3, 1331-1336 (2004).

Gross, G. and Ruiz, P. Resource adequacy in competitiveelectricity markets. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Power Engineering Society GeneralMeeting (Denver, CO, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers PowerEngineering Society General Meeting 1014-1015 (2004).

Kimball, J. W. and Chapman, P. L. Evaluatingconduction loss of a parallel IGBT-MOSFETcombination. 39th Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting(Seattle, WA, Oct. 2004). Conference Record of the 39thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IndustryApplications Society Annual Meeting 1233-1237 (2004).

Kimball, J. W., Flowers, T. L., and Chapman, P. L. Issueswith low-input-voltage boost converter design. 35thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers AnnualPower Electronics Specialists Conference (Aachen,Germany, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 35th Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Conference 2152-2156 (2004).

Kwasinski, A. and Krein, P. T. An integrated approachto PWM through 3-dimensional visualization. 35thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers AnnualPower Electronics Specialists Conference (Aachen,Germany, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 35th Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Conference 4202-4208 (2004).

Lokhandwala, A. M. and Mazumder, S. K. Discretevalidation of a smart power ASIC (SPIC) for adistributed power system. 35th Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Annual Power ElectronicsSpecialists Conference (Aachen, Germany, Jun. 2004).Proceedings of the 35th Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Annual Power ElectronicsSpecialists Conference, Vol. 5, 3721-3727 (2004).

Mossoba, J. T. and Krein, P. T. Output impedance of highperformance current mode DC-DC buck converters,with applications to voltage-regulator module controlcombinations. 19th Annual Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Applied Power ElectronicsConference and Exposition (Anaheim, CA., Feb. 2004).Proceedings of the 19th Annual Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Applied Power ElectronicsConference and Exposition 1315-1321 (2004).

Musunuri, S. and Chapman, P. L. Fabrication andcharacterization of PDMA inductors. 35th Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Annual Conference (Aachen,Germany, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 35th Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Annual Conference, Vol. 6,4460-4466 (2004).

Niu, P., Chapman, P., Riemer, R., and Zhang, X.Evaluation of motions and actuation methods forbiomechanical energy harvesting. 35th Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Annual Conference (Aachen,Germany, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 35th Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Annual Conference 2100-2106(2004).

Overbye, T. J., Cheng, X., and Sun, Y. A comparisonof the AC and DC power flow models for LMPcalculations. Hawaii International Conference on SystemSciences (Big Island, HI, Jan. 2004). Proceedings of theHawaii International Conference on System Sciences725-734 (2004).

Weaver, W. W. and Krein, P. T. Mitigation of powersystem collapse through active dyanamic buffers. 35thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer AnnualPower Electronics Specialists Conference (Aachen,Germany, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 35th Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Conference 1080-1084 (2004).

114

Wells, J. R., Nee, B. M., Amrhein, M., Krein, P. T., andChapman, P. L. Low-cost single-phase poweredinduction machine drive for residential applications.19th Annual Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Applied Power Electronics Conference andExposition (Anaheim, CA., Feb. 2004). Proceedings ofthe 19th Annual Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Applied Power Electronics Conference andExposition 1579-1583 (2004).

Wells, J. R., Nee, B. M., Chapman, P. L., and Krein, P. T.Optimal harmonic elimination control. 35th Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Annual PowerElectronics Specialists Conference (Aachen, Germany,Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 35th Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Annual Power ElectronicsSpecialists Conference 4214-4219 (2004).

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingAgbaria, A. and Sanders, W. H. Distributed snapshots formobile computing systems. 2nd Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Annual Conference on PervasiveComputing and Communications (Orlando, FL, May2004). Proceedings of the 2nd Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Annual Conference on PervasiveComputing and Communications 177-186 (2004).

Derisavi, S., Kemper, P., and Sanders, W. H. Symbolicstate-space exploration and numerical analysis of state-sharing composed models. Conference on the NumericalSolution of MC (Urbana-Champaign, IL, Sep. 2003).Linear Algebra and Its Applications 137-166 (2004).

Ehrhart, T. D. and Patel, S. J. Reducing the schedulingcritical cycle using wakeup prediction. 10th InternationalSymposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture(Madrid, Spain, Feb. 2004). Proceedings of the 10thInternational Symposium on High-Performance ComputerArchitecture 222-231 (2004).

Gu, W., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. K. Error sensitivityof the Linux kernel executing on PowerPC G4 andPentium 4 processors. 2004 International Conference onDependable Systems and Networks (Florence, Italy, Jun.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 International Conferenceon Dependable Systems and Networks 887-896 (2004).

Iyer, R. K. Hierarchical application–aware errordetection and recovery. 41st Design AutomationConference (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2004). Proceedingsof the 41st Design Automation Conference 79 (2004).

Kujoth, R. B., Wang, C.-W., Gottlieb, D. B., Cook, J. J.,and Carter, N. P. A reconfigurable unit for a clusteredprogrammable-reconfigurable processor. Associationfor Computing Machinery Special Interest Group onDesign Automation 12th International Symposium onField-Programmable Gate Arrays (Monterey, CA., Feb.2004). Proceedings of the Association for ComputingMachinery Special Interest Group on Design Automation12th International Symposium on Field-ProgrammableGate Arrays 200-209 (2004).

Lai, L., Rinderknecht, T., Cheng, W.-T., and Patel, J. H.Logic BIST using constrained scan cells. 22nd Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers Very Large ScaleIntegration Test Symposium (Napa Valley, CA, Apr. 2004).Proceedings of the 22nd Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Very Large Scale Integration TestSymposium 199-205 (2004).

Liyang, L., Patel, J. H., Rinderknecht, T., and Cheng,W.-T. Logic BIST with scan chain segmentation. 2004International Test Conference (Charlotte, NC, Oct. 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 International Test Conference57-66 (2004).

Nakka, N., Kalbarczyk, Z., Iyer, R. K., and Xu, J. Anarchitectural framework for providing reliability andsecurity support. 2004 International Conference onDependable Systems and Networks (Florence, Italy, Jun.2004). Proceedings of the 2004 International Conferenceon Dependable Systems and Networks 585-954 (2004).

Ramasamy, H. V., Agbaria, A., and Sanders, W. H.CoBFIT: A component-based framework for intrusiontolerance. 30th Euromicro Conference (Rennes, France,Aug. 2004). Proceedings of the 30th EuromicroConference 591-600 (2004).

Shah, M. A. and Patel, J. H. Enhancement of the Illinoisscan architecture for use with multiple scan inputs.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ComputerSociety Annual Symposium on Very Large ScaleIntegration Systems (Lafayette, LA, Feb. 2004).Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Computer Society Annual Symposium onVery Large Scale Integration Systems 167-172 (2004).

115

Sharma, M. and Patel, J. H. Robust testing a subset ofpaths—Untested paths in the circuit. 22nd Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Very Large ScaleIntegration Test Symposium (Napa Valley, CA, Apr. 2004).Proceedings of the 22nd Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Very Large Scale Integration TestSymposium 31-36 (2004).

Sharma, M. and Patel, J. H. What does robust testing asubset of paths, tell us about the untested paths in thecircuit? 22nd Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Very Large Scale Integration Test Symposium(Napa Valley, CA, Apr. 2004). Proceedings of the 22ndInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers VeryLarge Scale Integration Test Symposium 31-36 (2004).

Wang, L., Kalbarczyk, Z., Iyer, R. K., Vora, H., andChahande, T. Checkpointing of control structures inmain memory database systems. 2004 InternationalConference on Dependable Systems and Networks(Florence, Italy, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks 687-692 (2004).

Wang, N. J., Quek, J., Rafacz, T. M., and Patel, S. J.Characterizing the effects of transient faults on a high-performance processor pipeline. 2004 InternationalConference on Dependable Systems and Networks(Florence, Italy, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks 61-70 (2004).

Semiconductor LasersChoquette, K. D., Danner, A. J., Raftery Jr., J. J., and Lee,J. C. Vertical cavity photonic crystal coupled-defectlasers for optical interconnects. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers AerospaceConference (Big Sky, MT, Mar. 2004). Proceedings of the2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersAerospace Conference, Vol. 3, 1770-1775 (2004).

Danner, A. J., Kim, T., Grasso, D. M., Young, E. W., andChoquette, K. D. Small signal modulation of a single-mode photonic crystal vertical cavity surface-emittinglaser. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 19thInternational Semiconductor Laser Conference (Matsue-shi, Japan, Sep. 2004). Conference Digest, Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers 19th InternationalSemiconductor Laser Conference 125-126 (2004).

Danner, A. J., Lee, J. C., Raftery Jr., J. J., and Choquette,K. D. Photonic crystal vertical cavity lasers. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers VIII (San Jose, CA, Jan.2004). Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society forOptical Engineering 92-96 (2004).

Danner, A. J., Raftery Jr., J. J., and Choquette, K. D. Highsingle-mode power in photonic crystal vertical cavitylasers. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (SanFrancisco, CA, May 2004). Proceedings of the Conferenceon Lasers and Electro-Optics, Vol. 1 (2004).

Elarde, V. C., Swint, R. B., Yeoh, T. S., and Coleman, J. J.Fabrication of InGaAs quantum dots by metal organicchemical vapor deposition and selective area epitaxy.Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (San Francisco,CA, May 2004). Proceedings of the Conference on Lasersand Electro-Optics, Vol. 1 (2004).

Gao, J. and Coleman, P. D. Theoretical investigation ofdielectric-loaded waveguides for millimeter wavegeneration. 5th Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Vacuum Electronics Conference(Monterey, CA, Apr. 2004). Proceedings of the 5thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Vacuum Electronics Conference 210-211(2004).

Raftery Jr., J. J., Danner, A. J., Lee, J. C., and Choquette,K. D. Two-dimensional coherent arrays of photoniccrystal vertical cavity defect lasers. Conference onLasers and Electro-Optics (San Francisco, CA, May 2004).Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Vol. 1 (2004).

Yong, K. K., Young, E. W., and Choquette, K. D. Smallpitch vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays.Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (San Francisco,CA, May 2004). Proceedings of the Conference on Lasersand Electro-Optics, Vol. 1 (2004).

Semiconductor PhysicsLingxiao, Z., Melkinov, D., and Leburton, J.-P. Simulationand optimization of spin-orbit quantum dot circuit withintegrated quantum point contact read-out. 10thInternational Workshop on Computational Electronics(West Lafayette, IN, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 10thInternational Workshop on Computational Electronics116-117 (2004).

116

Yan, L., Deyu, L., Rotkin, S. V., Schulten, K., andRavaioli, U. Screening of water dipoles inside finite-length armchair carbon nanotubes. 10th InternationalWorkshop on Computational Electronics (West Lafayette,IN, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 10th InternationalWorkshop on Computational Electronics 133-134 (2004).

Zhicheng, Y., van der Straaten, T. A., and Ravaioli, U.A coupled 3-D PNP/ECP model for ion transport inbiological ion channels. 10th International Workshop onComputational Electronics (West Lafayette, IN, Oct.2004). Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop onComputational Electronics 135-136 (2004).

SemiconductorsRotkin, S. V. and Hess, K. Principles of metallic fieldeffect transistor (METFET). 2004 Nano Science andTechnology Institute Nanotechnology Conference andTrade Show (Boston, MA, Mar. 2004). Proceedings ofthe 2004 Nano Science and Technology InstituteNanotechnology Conference and Trade Show 37-40(2004).

Wang, X., Vincent, L., Minfeng, Y., Huang, Y., and Liu, C.A thermally actuated three-probe nanomanipulator forefficient handling of individual nanostructures. 17thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Micro Electro MechanicalSystems (Maastricht, The Netherlands, Jan. 2004).Maastricht Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 2004Technical Digest 442-445 (2004).

Signal and Image ProcessingChen, K., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., and Cohen, A. Anautomatic prosody labeling system using ANN-basedsyntactic-prosodic model and GMM-based acoustic-prosodic model. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Montreal, QC,May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 1,509-512 (2004).

Do, M. N. Toward sound-based synthesis: The far-fieldcase. 2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing (Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedings of the2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing II601-II604 (2004).

Drost, R. J. and Singer, A. C. Linear equalization viafactor graphs. 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Symposium on InformationTheory (Chicago, IL, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Symposium on Information Theory 129(2004).

Goteti, A. K. and Moulin, P. Two private, perceptualdata-hiding games. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Montreal, QC,May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing III373-III376(2004).

Habuka, K. and Shinagawa, Y. Creating VR scenes usingfully automatic derivation of motion vectors. 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersVirtual Reality Conference (Chicago, IL, March 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Virtual Reality Conference225-226 (2004).

Huang, T. S. Multimedia/multimodal signal processing,analysis, and understanding. 1st InternationalSymposium on Control, Communications and SignalProcessing (Hammamet, Tunisia, Mar. 2004).

Kozat, S. S. and Singer, A. C. Min-max optimaluniversal prediction with side information. 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing (Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedingsof the 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,and Signal Processing V469-V472 (2004).

117

Lam, C. J. and Singer, A. C. Performance analysis of theBayesian beamformer. 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Montreal, QC,May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing II197-II200(2004).

Lee, S.-J., Shanbhag, N. R., and Singer, A. C. Switchingmethods for linear turbo equalization. 2004 IEEEInternational Symposium on Circuits and Systems(Vancouver, BC, May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and SystemsIII601-III604.

Lee, S.-J., Singer, A. C., and Shanbhag, N. R. SwitchingLMS linear turbo equalization. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing(Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing IV641-IV644 (2004).

Lin, J. Y, Wu, Y., and Huang, T. S. 3D model-basedhand tracking using stochastic direct search method.6th Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition (Seoul, South Korea, May 2004). Proceedingsof the 6th Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition 693-698 (2004).

Lin, J., Wu, Y., and Huang, T. S. Articulate hand motioncapturing based on a Monte Carlo Nelder-Meadsimplex tracker. 17th International Conference on PatternRecognition (Cambridge, UK, Aug. 2004). Proceedings ofthe 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition975-978 (2004).

Liu, M., Xiong, Z., Chu, S. M., Zhang, Z., and Huang,T. S. Audio-visual word spotting. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing(Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedings of 2004 Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal ProcessingIII785-III788 (2004).

Liu, T., Moulin, P., and Koetter, R. On error exponents ofnested lattice codes for the AWGN channel. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Information TheoryWorkshop (San Antonio, TX, Oct. 2004). Proceedings ofthe Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInformation Theory Workshop 348-352 (2004).

Lu, Y. and Do, M. N. A geometrical approach tosampling signals with finite rate of innovation.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing (Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedings of the2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing II565-II568 (2004).

Moulin, P. and Wang, Y. Error exponents for channelcoding with side information. 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Information Theory Workshop(San Antonio, TX, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInformation Theory Workshop 353-358 (2004).

Moulin, P., Goteti, A. K., and Koetter, R. Optimalsparse-QIM codes for zero-rate blind watermarking.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing (Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedingsof the 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Acoustics,Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 3, 73-76 (2004).

Nelson, J. K., Singer, A. C., and Madhow, U. Multi-directional decision feedback for 2D equalization.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing (Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedingsof the 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Acoustics,Speech, and Signal Processing IV921-IV924 (2004).

Rajaram, S., Nefian, A. V., and Huang, T. S. Bayesianseparation of audio-visual speech sources. 2004 Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing(Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing V657-V660 (2004).

118

Sen Gupta, A. and Singer, A. C. Near-far resistant multi-user detector using energy contours. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing(Montreal, QC, May 2003). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing IV993-IV996 (2004).

Tu, J., Zhang, Z. Zeng, Z., and Huang, T. Facelocalization via hierarchical CONDENSATION withFisher Boosting feature selection. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(Washington, DC, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ComputerSociety Conference on Computer Vision and PatternRecognition II719-II724 (2004).

Velivelli, A. Zhai, C., and Huang, T. S. Audio segmentretrieval using a short duration example query.2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Multimedia and Expo (Taipei,Taiwan, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Multimedia and Expo 1603-1606 (2004).

Wang, Y. and Moulin, P. Steganalysis of block-structuredstegotext. Security, Steganography, and Watermaking ofMultimedia Contents VI (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2004).Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society forOptical Engineering 477-488 (2004).

Wen, Z., Liu, Z., Cohen, M., Li, J., Zheng, K. and Huang,T. S. Low bit-rate video streaming for face-to-faceteleconference. 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Multimedia andExpo (Taipei, Taiwan, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Multimedia and Expo,Vol. 3, 1631-1634 (2004).

Xiong, Z., Radhakrishnan, R., Divakaran, A., and Huang,T. S. Effective and efficient sports highlights extractionusing the minimum description length criterion inselecting GMM structures. 2004 Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Conference onMultimedia and Expo (Taipei, Taiwan, Jun. 2004).Proceedings of the 2004 Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers International Conference onMultimedia and Expo 1947-1950 (2004).

Xu, X., Zhang, C., and Huang, T. S. Active MorphableModel: An efficient method for face analysis. 6thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition (Seoul, South Korea, May 2004). Proceedingsof the 6th Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition 837-842 (2004).

Yanli, Z. and Hasegawa-Johnson, M. Formant trackingby mixture state particle filter. 2004 Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing(Montreal, QC, May 2004). Proceedings of the 2004Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing, Vol. 1, 565-568 (2004).

Zhenqiu, Z., Yong, R., Huang, T., and Paya, C. Breakingthe clock face HIP [Web services human interactiveproofs]. 2004 Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers International Conference on Multimedia andExpo (Taipei, Taiwan, Jun. 2004). Proceedings of the2004 Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Conference on Multimedia and Expo,Vol. 3, 2167-2170 (2004).

Zhou, H. and Huang, T. S. Recovering articulatedmotion with a hierarchical factorization method. 5thInternational Gesture Workshop (Genova, Italy, Apr.2003). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 140-151(2004).

Supercomputing Research andDevelopmentHuang, C., Lawlor, O., and Kale, L. V. Adaptive MPI.16th International Workshop on Languages and Compilersfor Parallel Computing (College Station, TX, Oct. 2003).Revised Papers, 16th International Workshop onLanguages and Compilers for Parallel Computing306-322 (2004).

119

Urban, M., Bajcsy, P., Kooper, R., and Lementec, J.-C.Recognition of arm gestures using multiple orientationsensors: Repeatability assessment. 7th InternationalInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersConference on Intelligent Transportation Systems(Washington, DC, Oct. 2004). Proceedings of the 7thInternational Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Conference on Intelligent TransportationSystems 553-557 (2004).

Thin Films and Charged ParticlesKim, H.-K., Bae, J. W., Kim, K.-K., Park, S.-J., Seong,T.-Y., and Adesida, I. Inductively coupled-plasmareactive ion etching of ZnO using BC13-based plasmasand effect of the plasma treatment on Ti/Au ohmiccontacts to ZnO. 30th International Conference onMetallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (San Diego, CA,Apr. 2004). Thin Solid Films 90-94 (2004).

Theses

Advanced AutomationChambers, B. Point- and window-based matching inimages using critical-point filters. M.S. thesis, S.Hutchinson, advisor (2004).

Fang, C. Automatic facial expression analysis usingretargeted optical flow. M.S. thesis, Y. Shinagawa,advisor (2004).

Gilliam, A. A networked control system testbed:Bilateral teleoperation over the Internet. M.S. thesis,M. Spong, advisor (2004).

Jagmohan, A. Multiple description video coding anddigital walkthrough compression using coset codes.Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja, advisor (2004).

Joly, L. Automatic 3D volume matching using thecritical-point filters. M.S. thesis, Y. Shinagawa, advisor(2004).

Sehgal, A. Scalable predictive coding using coset codes.Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja, advisor (2004).

Advanced Processing and CircuitsKuliev, A. AlGaN/GaN HEMTS for high-powerapplications: Transistor design issues and processdevelopment. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2004).

Schwindt, R. Gallium nitride-based HEMTs formicrowave power and noise: Physics and application.Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2004).

AeronomySheth, R. High-resolution correlation studies ofmesospheric VHF backscatter at the Jicamarca RadioObservatory. M.S. thesis, E. Kudeki, advisor (2004).

Applied Computation TheoryChmiel, R. An integrated approach to instruction indebugging computer programs. M.S. thesis, M. Loui,advisor (2004).

BioacousticsBigelow, T. Estimating the medical ulrasound in vivopower spectrum. Ph.D. thesis, W. D. O’Brien, Jr., advisor(2004).

Chen, H. Evaluation of algorithms for displayingapparent connectivity in neuronal networks. M.S.thesis, B. C. Wheeler, advisor (2004).

Khatami, D. Effects of spatial confinement on thespontaneous and evoked activity of linearly patternedbiological neural networks. M.S. thesis, B. C. Wheeler,advisor (2004).

Krishnan, B. Evaluation of wavelet-based methods forspike sorting. M.S. thesis, B. C. Wheeler, advisor (2004).

Warren, G. Interelement coupling in ultrasound phasedarrays. M.S. thesis, L. A. Frizzell, advisor (2004).

120

CircuitsBae, H.-M. Linear analog front-end circuits for fiber-optic communication systems. Ph.D. thesis, N. R.Shanbhag, advisor (2004).

Bai, G. Power distribution network analysis andoptimization in digital VLSI circuits. Ph.D. thesis,I. Hajj, advisor (2004).

Balamurugan, G. Noise-tolerant digital system design.Ph.D. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2004).

Choi, M. Efficient broadband electromagnetic modelingof the power distribution network in high-speed,mixed-signal integrated circuits. Ph.D. thesis,A. Cangellaris, advisor (2004).

Hyvonen, S. Electrostatic discharge protection andmeasurement techniques for radio frequency integratedcircuits. Ph.D. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2004).

Kanj, R. SOI circuit design styles and high-level circuitmodeling techniques. Ph.D. thesis, E. Rosenbaum,advisor (2004).

Lee, S.-J. Algorithms and architectures for jointequalization and decoding. Ph.D. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag,advisor (2004).

Li, H. Integrated circuit substrate modeling for noiseanalysis. Ph.D. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2004).

Li, J. Characterization, design, and modeling of on-chipelectrostatic discharge protection devices. Ph.D. thesis,E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2004).

Mansour, M. Low-phase noise oscillator design:A design methodology for improving performance-theoretical analysis, CAD simulations, and prototypebuilding. Ph.D. thesis, A. Mehrotra, advisor (2004).

Mui, M. Full-chip optimization schemes for high-powerand high-performance circuits. M.S. thesis, A. Mehrotra,advisor (2004).

Park, S.-Y. Dynamic rate controlled input-bufferedswitch system with QOS. Ph.D. thesis, S. M. Kang,advisor (2004).

Schreiber, R. Distortion analysis of CMOS cascodeLNAs. M.S. thesis, A. Mehrotra, advisor (2004).

CommunicationsAlvarez, J. Discrete stochastic modeling of ion channels.Ph.D. thesis, B. E. Hajek, advisor (2004).

Chamberland-Tremblay, J.-F. Design of sensor networksfor detection applications via large-deviation theory.Ph.D. thesis, V. V. Veeravalli, advisor (2004).

Fuemmeler, J. Selecting transmit powers and carriersense thresholds in carrier sense multiple accessprotocols for wireless ad hoc networks. M.S. thesis,V. V. Veeravalli, advisor (2004).

Singh, A. Performance measurements and evaluationof Internet congestion control schemes. M.S. thesis,R. Srikant, advisor (2004).

Wu, X. Wireless communications in the energy-limitedregime. Ph.D. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2004).

Computer EngineeringGupta, R. Joint processor-memory adaptation forenergy for general-purpose applications. M.S. thesis,S. Adve, advisor (2004).

Jordan, J. C. Design and implementation of a stochasticwireless sensor network. M.S. thesis, R. Campbell,advisor (2004).

Neelakantam, N. Program orienteering. M.S. thesis,C. Zilles, advisor (2004).

Soong, T. LPTHREAD: A work-efficient thread modelfor loop parallelization. M.S. thesis, M. Frank, advisor(2004).

Vardhan, V. Integrated global and per-applicationcross-layer adaptations for saving energy. M.S. thesis,S. Adve, advisor (2004).

Decision and ControlAranda, S. Motion planning for mobile sensor networks.M.S. thesis, F. Bullo, advisor (2004).

121

Bryan, J. Nonconcurrent error correction for fault-tolerant discrete-time LTI dynamic systems in thepresence of roundoff noise. M.S. thesis, C. Hadjicostis,advisor (2004).

Chatterjee, D. Stability analysis of deterministic andstochastic switched systems via a comparison principleand multiple Lyapunov functions. M.S. thesis,D. Liberzon, advisor (2004).

Disch, M. Estimation, control, and coordination of anexperimental multivehicle network. M.S. thesis,F. Bullo, advisor (2004).

Ernst, T. Hardware complexity analysis of anonconcurrent fault tolerance technique. M.S. thesis,C. Hadjicostis, advisor (2004).

Graham, S. Issues in the convergence of control withcommunication and computation. Ph.D. thesis,P. R. Kumar, advisor (2004).

Huang, J. Characterization and computation of optimaldistributions for channel coding. Ph.D. thesis, S. Meyn,advisor (2004).

Huang, K. Geometric principles of multiple visualsensors. Ph.D. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2004).

Kawadia, V. Protocols and architecture for wireless adhoc networks. Ph.D. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2004).

Melody, J. Inflight characterization of aircraft icing.Ph.D. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2004).

Pandit, C. Robust statistical modeling based on momentclasses, with applications to admission control, largedeviations and hypothesis testing. Ph.D. thesis, S. Meyn,advisor (2004).

Raghunathan, V. Wardrop routing in wireless networks.M.S. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2004).

Rao, S. R. Robust extensions to generalized principalcomponent analysis. M.S. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor (2004).

Sivakumar, S. Model reduction algorithms formultidimensional systems. M.S. thesis, C. Beck, advisor(2004).

Takos, G. Distributed fusion from correlated sensormeasurements. M.S. thesis, C. Hadjicostis, advisor(2004).

Vladimerou, V. Embedded computer system fornetworked autonomous vehicles. M.S. thesis,G. Dullerud, advisor (2004).

Wu, Y. Coding techniques for linear block codes withapplications to fault identification. Ph.D. thesis,C. Hadjicostis, advisor (2004).

Digital Signal and Imaging Processing

Brokish, J. Fast backprojection algorithms for divergentbeam tomography. Ph.D. thesis, Y. Bresler, advisor(2004).

Mokos, R. Design and implementation of a portablewave-based MIDI file player. M.S. thesis, R. Uribe,advisor (2004).

Yuan, L. Finite sampling effects in multichannelmagnetic resonance imaging. M.S. thesis, Z. P. Liang,advisor (2004).

Yue, Y. A template-based shape modeling method forimage segmentation. M.S. thesis, Z. P. Liang, advisor(2004).

Electromagnetic Communicationand Electronics PackagingAngert, M. RF requirements for power amplifiers foruse in GSM/edge cellular mobile telephones. M.S.thesis, J. Schutt-Ainé, advisor (2004).

Mekonnen, Y. Improved high-order rationalapproximation by combining rational interpolationwith vector fitting method. M.S. thesis, J. Schutt-Ainé,advisor (2004).

Prasanna, D. Efficient cluster management using theopen source cluster application resource. M.S. thesis,J. Schutt-Ainé, advisor (2004).

ElectromagneticsAydiner, A. Toward practical inverse scattering. Ph.D.thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor (2004).

122

Chen, N.-W. Floquet-wave-based analysis of transientscattering from doubly periodic structures. Ph.D. thesis,E. Michielssen, advisor (2004).

Chu, Y. Fast algorithm for electrically smallinhomogeneous medium structures. Ph.D. thesis,W. C. Chew, advisor (2004).

Hesford, A. On the computational efficiency of inversescattering methods. M.S. thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor(2004).

Hietpas, K. Beam steering in phased arrays using apattern reconfigurable antenna. M.S. thesis,J. T. Bernhard, advisor (2004).

Jiang, L. Studies on low-frequency, fast-multipolealgorithms. Ph.D. thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor (2004).

Kourkoulos, V. A robust methodology for thedevelopment of accurate closed-form approximation ofelectromagnetic Green’s functions in planar stratifiedmedia. M.S. thesis, A. Cangellaris, advisor (2004).

Li, M. Sommerfeld-Watson transformation in 3D andvolume integral equation solver. M.S. thesis, W. C.Chew, advisor (2004).

Lu, M. Transient simulation of 3D surface plasmonpolariton band gap waveguide structures. M.S. thesis,E. Michielssen, advisor (2004).

Memioglu, T. Stability analysis of deterministic andstochastic switched systems via a comparison principleand multiple Lyapunov functions. M.S. thesis,A. Cangellaris, advisor (2004).

Siripuram, A. Finite element modeling of microwavebreakdown in air-filled waveguide devices. M.S. thesis,J. Jin, advisor (2004).

Wu, H. Methodologies and algorithms for finite elementanalysis of electromagnetic devices and systems.M.S. thesis, A. Cangellaris, advisor (2004).

Zhong, Y. The domain decomposition method of finiteelement analysis of deep cavities. M.S. thesis, J. Jin,advisor (2004).

High Frequency DevicesChuang, Y.-J. Millimeter-wave voltage-controlledoscillators and frequency doubler. M.S. thesis, M. Feng,advisor (2004).

Hampson, M. High power alGaN/GaN HFETS for highfrequency applications. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor(2004).

Price, R. K. AlGaN/GaN HFETs and InGaN/GaN HBTsfor high frequency and high power applications.M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2004).

Magnetic ResonanceWang, T. Inductively coupled RF coil design formultisample imaging. M.S. thesis, A. G. Webb, advisor(2004).

Zhang, X. Design of phased array and multiple coilprobes for high frequency magnetic resonancemicroscopy and spectroscopy. Ph.D. thesis, A. G. Webb,advisor (2004).

Optical ImagingBredfeldt, J. Nonlinear interferometric vibrationalimaging. M.S. thesis, S. A. Boppart, advisor (2004).

Lytle, D. A generalized optical theorem for reflection,transmission, and extinction of optical power forelectromagnetic fields. M.S. thesis, P. S. Carney, advisor(2004).

Mayen, J. Radial and helical scanning algorithms foroptical coherence tomography. M.S. thesis, S. Boppart,advisor (2004).

Ralston, T. A real-time optical coherence tomographysystem utilizing an acquisition and signal processingarchitecture implemented on a field programmablegate array. M.S. thesis, S. A. Boppart, advisor (2004).

Rutherford, J. Models of nonlocal constitutive relationsfor the Maxwell equations. M.S. thesis, P. S. Carney,advisor (2004).

123

Optical Physics and EngineeringLee, T. M. Optical coherence tomography imageenhancement using optical contrast agents and waveletdenoising. M.S. thesis, S. Boppart, advisor (2004).

Ostrom, N. P. Photodetection in silicon pyramidalmicrodischarges. Ph.D. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2004).

Riley, M. Characterization of microdischarge devicearrays in neon, argon, and rare gas–nitrogen mixtures.M.S. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2004).

OptoelectronicsHoffman, E. Theory and experiments on intersubbandabsorption in semiconductor quantum dots for infrareddetection. M.S. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2004).

Hu, R. Higher-order finite element analysis ofanisotropic, lossy, and inhomogeneous waveguides.M.S. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2004).

Lee, J. Characterization of a spatial divisionmultiplexing two-dimensional optica interconnect.M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2004).

Lehman, A. Spectral characteristics includingtemperature dependence of composite resonatorvertical-cavity lasers. M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette,advisor (2004).

Liesher, P. Fabrication and characterization of high-speed single-mode photonic crystal vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers. M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette,advisor (2004).

Willis, C. Performance characterization of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. M.S. thesis, K. D.Choquette, advisor (2004).

Power and Energy SystemsAnders, S. Reactive power requirements for maximumtransmission line loadability. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer,advisor (2004).

Benavides, N. Analysis of a multiple-input, multiple-output flyback converter with a single input winding.M.S. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor (2004).

Bhandiwad, P. Stability studies in a multimachine powersystem with TCSC. M.S. thesis, M. A. Pai, advisor(2004).

Donde, V. Inverse problems in hybrid systems withapplication to power systems. Ph.D. thesis, P. W. Sauer,advisor (2004).

Esram, T. Maximum power point tracking ofphotovoltaic arrays using ripple correlation control.M.S. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor (2004).

Flowers, M. Flex circuit substitution in inductionmotors. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2004).

Hwang, B. Dynamic voltage collapse studies in powersystems. M.S. thesis, M. A. Pai, advisor (2004).

Louie, H. Extended factors for linear contingencyanalysis. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, advisor (2004).

Nee, B. Analysis and development of selective harmonicelimination. M.S. thesis, P. Chapman, advisor (2004).

Ray, S. Generator shaft torques during transients.M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, advisor (2004).

Sun, Y. Data analysis and visualization for electricitymarkets. Ph.D. thesis, T. J. Overbye, advisor (2004).

Weaver Jr., W. W. Mitigation of voltage collapse throughactive dynamic buffers. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor(2004).

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingBurke, D. Hardware techniques for system monitoringand measurement. M.S. thesis, R. Iyer, advisor (2004).

Cook, J. The amalgam compiler infrastructure.M. S. thesis, N. P. Carter, advisor (2004).

Cours, J. Using coverage-based analysis to automatethe customization of the Linux kernel for embeddedapplications. M.S. thesis, W.-M. Hwu, advisor (2004).

Crowe, D. Flipper: Branch reversal using mispredictiondistance. M.S. thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2004).

124

Ferrera, S. Reconfigurable circuit designs andapplications for magnetoelectronic logic. M.S. thesis,N. Carter, advisor (2004).

Gottlieb, D. Memory hierarchy and network designtradeoffs for clustered processors. M.S. thesis, N. P.Carter, advisor (2004).

Gu, W. An error injection-based dependabilityassessment of operating systems. M.S. thesis, R. K. Iyer,advisor (2004).

Hodges, D. Spill code removal via call graph analysis.M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2004).

Hunter, H. Matching on-chip data storage totelecommunication and media application properties.M.S. thesis, W.-M. Hwu, advisor (2004).

Hussain, A. Power and interconnect analysis in verylong instruction word architectures. M.S. thesis,N. P. Carter, advisor (2004).

Kesal, M. Performance analysis of scalarquantizer–based data hiding schemes. M.S. thesis,N. P. Carter, advisor (2004).

Kujoth, R. Circuit design and study of the amalgamreconfigurable cluster. M.S. thesis, N. P. Carter, advisor(2004).

Malliks, S. Multilevel coding schemes for underspreadfading channels. M.S. thesis, N. P. Carter, advisor (2004).

Muthler, G. Fetch tokens: A method for improvingsingle-thread performance on a chip-multiprocessor.M.S. thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2004).

Novak, T. Freelist-based stack frame allocation.M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2004).

Perzov, Y. Framework for visualizing and analyzingfailures and instability of AODV routing protocol.M.S. thesis, R. K. Iyer, advisor (2004).

Quek, J.-K. Lightweight error correction schemes forsome common microprocessor structures. M.S. thesis,S. J. Patel, advisor (2004).

Rasch, G. A. The header-trailer trace cache: Efficientlystoring multipath traces. M.S. thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor(2004).

Ryoo, S. Partial code elimination in the impactcompiler framework. M.S. thesis, W.-M. Hwu, advisor(2004).

Stevens, F. Validation of an intrusion-tolerantinformation system using probabilistic modeling.M.S. thesis, W. H. Sanders, advisor (2004).

Stine, J. Techniques for link power reduction in on-chipnetworks. M.S. thesis, N. P. Carter, advisor (2004).

Ueng, S.-Z. Template bundling for epic architectures.M.S. thesis, W.-M. Hwu, advisor (2004).

Yu, H. Real-time transmissions of JPEG 2000 imagesover the Internet. M.S. thesis, B. W. Wah, advisor (2004).

Remote SensingButala, M. D. Three-dimensional estimation of theelectron density in the solar corona by tomographicinversion of K-coronagraph measurements. M.S. thesis,F. Kamalabadi, advisor (2004).

Chan, B. Multispectral tomographic imaging of auroralemissions. M.S. thesis, F. Kamalabadi, advisor (2004).

Daugherty, J. Extraction of mesospheric O2 volumeemission rates from timed Doppler interferometermeasurements. M.S. thesis, G. R. Swenson, advisor(2004).

Gregory, B. Attitude control system design for ION,the Illinois Observing Nanosatellite. M.S. thesis, G.Swenson, advisor (2004).

Kim. H.-S. A linear and efficient RF amplifierarchitecture for modern wireless applications. Ph.D.thesis, S. Franke, advisor (2004).

Krekeler, J. Characterization of ionospheric plasmairregularities with the global ultraviolet imager. M.S.thesis, F. Kamalabadi, advisor (2004).

Sharif, B. Remote image formation from limited data:A hybrid technique, fundamental limitations, andoptimal design. M.S. thesis, F. Kamalabadi, advisor(2004).

125

Semiconductor LasersBorchardt, J. J. Narrow linewidth distributed Braggreflector lasers operating at 852.15 nm. M.S. thesis,J. J. Coleman, advisor (2004).

Elarde, V. Fabrication of patterned quantum dot lasersusing nanoscale selective area epitaxy and electronbeam lithography. M.S. thesis, J. J. Coleman, advisor(2004).

Rangarajan, R. Growth, characterization, and thermalstability of quantum dots grown by metal organicchemical vapor deposition. M.S. thesis, J. J. Coleman,advisor (2004).

Wu, E. R. Design and fabrication of edge-emittingmonolithic serial laser diodes for high quantumefficiency. M.S. thesis, J. J. Coleman, advisor (2004).

Semiconductor PhysicsKim, J. Three-dimensional self-consistent simulation oflaterally coupled vertical quantum dots for spintronics.M.S. thesis, J. P. Leburton, advisor (2004).

Robert-Peillard, A. Modeling nonvolatile nanomemoriesbased on carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.M.S. thesis, K. Hess, advisor (2004).

Xiong, A. DNA molecule translocation through asemiconductor nanopore capacitor. M.S. thesis,J. P. Leburton, advisor (2004).

SemiconductorsKhan, F. High-density plasma etching of wide bandgapsemiconductor materials for fabricating novel devices.Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2004).

Selvanathan, D. Ohmic contacts to N-type galliumnitride–based semiconductors. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida,advisor (2004).

Signal and Image ProcessingChen, K. Prosody-dependent speech recognition onAmerican radio news speech. Ph.D. thesis,M. Hasegawa-Johnson, advisor (2004).

Cohen, A. A survey of machine learning methods forpredicting prosody in radio speech. M.S. thesis,M. Hasegawa-Johnson, advisor (2004).

Gandhi, M. Source separation using particle filters.M.S. thesis, M. Hasegawa-Johnson, advisor (2004).

Goteti, A. K. Optimal strategies for private and publicwatermarking games. M.S. thesis, P. Moulin, advisor(2004).

Ingale, S. Comparison of alternative trainingalgorithms for hidden Markov models. M.S. thesis,D. L. Jones, advisor (2004).

Kozat, S. Competitive signal processing. Ph.D. thesis,A. C. Singer, advisor (2004).

Lee, J. J. Simple face detection for autonomouslanguage acquisition. M.S. thesis, S. Levinson, advisor(2004).

Lin, D. Modeling human hand motion. M.S. thesis,T. S. Huang, advisor (2004).

Lin, J. Visual hand tracking and gesture analysis.Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2004).

Song, S. Channel estimation in single-carrier andmulti-carrier communication systems. Ph.D. thesis,A. C. Singer, advisor (2004).

Squire, K. HMM-based semantic learning for a mobilerobot. Ph.D. thesis, S. Levinson, advisor (2004).

Wolter, A. QIM watermarking of MPEG-2 video.M.S. thesis, P. Moulin, advisor (2004).

Wong, P. K. A communication protocol for stochasticsensor networks. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, advisor (2004).

Xiong, Z. Audio-visual scene analysis with applicationin sports video. Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2004).

Zhang, T. Spoken language understanding in anintelligent tutoring scenario. Ph.D. thesis, S. Levinson,advisor (2004).

126

Thin Films and Charged ParticlesDay, T. Fabrication of high-power MESFET withSi-doped GaN films grown by PAMBE. M.S. thesis,K. Kim, advisor (2004).

Park, C.-W. A critical study of GAN-based digitaltechnology. Ph.D. thesis, K. Kim, advisor (2004).

Word, M. High-resolution electron beamnanolithography using hydrogen silsesquioxane thinfilms. M.S. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2004).

Tunneling MicroscopyAlbrecht, P. Scanning tunneling microscopy andspectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes directlyinterfaced with atomically pristine silicon surfaces.M.S. thesis, J. W. Lyding, advisor (2004).

Ramaiya, B. A scanning tunneling microscopy study ofsingle-walled carbon nanotubes on gold. M.S. thesis,J. Lyding, advisor (2004).

Ruppalt, L. Cross-sectional scanning tunnelingmicroscopy study of single-walled carbon nanotubes onthe gallium arsenide (110) and indium arsenide (110)surfaces. M.S. thesis, J. W. Lyding, advisor (2004).

Tayebi, N. Reducing the effects of adhesion and frictionin microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) throughsurface roughening: Theory and experiments. M.S.thesis, A. Polycarpou, advisor (2004).

Awards and HonorsIlesanmi AdesidaScientific Member, Bohmische Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, University of Illinois, 1993, 1999Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Electronic Device Society,

1977-1999University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997, 1999Associate Member, Center for Advanced Study, 2000-2001

Narendra AhujaFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Association for Artificial IntelligenceFellow, Association for Computing MachineryFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersFellow, International Association for Pattern RecognitionFellow, International Society for Optical EngineeringUniversity Scholar, University of IllinoisBeckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1990-1991Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1998Emanuel R. Piore Award, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, 1999Campus Award for Guiding Undergraduate Research,

Honorable Mention, University of Illinois, 1999Donald Biggar Willet Professorship, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 1999Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their

Students, 2002

Jont AllenIBM Faculty Award, 2004

Tamer BasarMember, National Academy of EngineeringFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Member, European Academy of SciencesPresident, International Society of Dynamic Games, 1990-

1992, 1992-1994Editor, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1992-

1994Associate Member, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1993-1994Nearing Distinguished Professor of Electrical and

Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 1998-Zaborszky Lecturer, Washington University, St. Louis,

1999IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2000Honorary Editor, J. Applied and Computational

Mathematics, 2002-Penner Distinguished Lecturer, University of California,

San Diego, 2003Editor-in-Chief, Automatica, 2004-Tau Beta Pi Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize, IEEE Control Systems

Society, 2004Giorgio Quazza Medal, International Federation of

Automatic Control, 2005

127

Tangul BasarSenior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)Faculty Initiate Eta Kappa Nu, 1990Tokten Fellow, United Nations, 1991Engineering Council Advisors List for Excellence in

Advising, University of Illinois, 1997

James Beauchamp, EmeritusFellow, Audio Engineering Society, 1981Past President, International Computer Music Association,

1981-1983Fellow, Acoustical Society of America, 1999

Jennifer BernhardNew Faculty Fellow, Sloan, 1997Faculty Fellow, NASA-ASEE, 1999, 2000Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2000Anderson Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2000Collins Scholar, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 2000Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE), 2001Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 2002-2005Accenture Engineering Council Award for Excellence in

Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering,2004

H. A. Wheeler Applications Prize Paper Award, IEEEAntennas and Propagation Society, 2004

Stephen G. BishopFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Optical Society of AmericaBoard of Trustees, Gettysburg College, 1992-

Richard BlahutMember, National Academy of Engineering, 1990Fellow, IBM, 1980Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,

1981Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship,

1982Alexander Graham Bell Medal, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 1998Henry Magnuski Professor, 2000Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award, University of

Illinois College of Engineering, 2000IEEE Claude E. Shannon Award, 2005

Stephen BoppartSoma Weiss Research Award, Harvard Medical School,

1999Young Faculty Award, American Association of

Anatomists, 2001Whitaker Foundation Fellow, 2001Xerox Faculty Award for Research, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 2002Technology Review Magazine’s Top 100 Young Innovators

in the World, 2002College of Engineering Everitt Award for Teaching

Excellence, University of Illinois, 2003Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2004

Yoram BreslerFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Technion Fellowship, 1995-1996University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 2001-2002

Donna J. BrownOutstanding Young Woman of America, 1984

Marie-Christine BrunetAnderson Consulting Outstanding Faculty Adviser, 2000College of Engineering Advisors Lists, 2003, 2004

Andreas CangellarisFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Outstanding Technical Paper Award, 3rd Electronics

Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC), Singapore,2000

Nicholas CarterDistinguished Paper Award, International Symposium,

Tokyo, Japan, 2000

Patrick ChapmanFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2002Grainger Associate, 2002-

Keh-Yung ChengFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE), 2001Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of

Science (AAAS), 2004

128

Ministry of Education Distinguished Visiting ChairProfessor, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan, 2003-2004

Weng Cho ChewFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Founder Professorship, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 1999Graduate Teaching Award, IEEE, 2000Schelkunoff Best Paper Award, IEEE-AP, 2001Campus Award for Excellence in Professional Teaching,

University of Illinois, 2001Adcom Member, IEEE-AP, 2001ISI Most Highly Cited Author (top 0.5%), 2002Fellow, Optical Society of America, 2003Fellow, Institute of Physics, 2004

Yun ChiuCalView Teaching Fellow Award, University of California

College of Engineering, 2003Jack Kilby Outstanding Student Paper Award, International

Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2004

Kent ChoquetteFellow, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical SocietyFellow, Optical Society of AmericaDistinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical

Society, 2000-2001Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical

Society, 2001-2002Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,

University of Illinois, 2004

Shun Lien ChuangFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceFellow, Optical Society of AmericaEPSRC Fellow, Visiting Professor at Cavendish

Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United KingdomAssociate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1995Sabbatical Chair, Sony Research Center, Japan, 1995Engineering Excellence Award, Optical Society of

America, 2004Distinguished Lecturer Award, IEEE Lasers and Electro-

optics Society (LEOS), 2004-2005

James J. ColemanFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaIEEE LEOS William Streifer Scientific Achievement

AwardDistinguished Lecturer, IEEE, 1997-1998, 1998-1999Franklin Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2002

Paul D. Coleman, EmeritusFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaHonorary Doctor of Science, Susquehanna UniversityFellow, American Association Advancement of ScienceCentennial Medal, IEEE, 1984

Minh DoBest Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of

Technology Lausanne, 2001Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award,

National Science Foundation, 2003

Floyd Dunn, EmeritusMember, National Academy of EngineeringMember, National Academy of SciencesFellow and Past President, Acoustical Society of AmericaFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Institute of Engineering in Medicine and

BiologyFellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineFellow (founding), International Academy for Medical and

Biological EngineeringFellow, Institute of Acoustics, United KingdomFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Honorary Member, Japan Society for Ultrasound in

MedicineHonorary Member, Rochester Center for Biomedical

UltrasoundResearch Fellow, National Institutes of HealthEleanor Roosevelt International Cancer Fellow, American

Cancer Society, 1982-1983Senior Fellow, Fulbright-Hays, 1982-1983Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1982,

1996University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1988

129

Fogarty International Fellow, 1990Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, 2000

J. Gary EdenFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaAssociate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1987-1988Board of Governors, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics

Society, 1990-1993Associate Editor, Photonics Technology Letters, 1990-1994Vice President (Technical Affairs), IEEE Lasers and

Electro-Optics Society, 1993-1995Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,

1996-2002Editor, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum

Electronics, 1996James F. Towey University Scholar, University of Illinois,

1996-1999President, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

(LEOS), 1998Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Illinois

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,2000

IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000Faculty Advisors List, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 2001, 2004Awards Chair, IEEE LEOS, 2003, 2004Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE LEOS, 2003-2005

Milton FengFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaEngineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, University of Illinois, 1995, 1996, 1998Associate Member, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1998Outstanding Research Award, Dr. Pan Wen Yuan

Foundation, Taiwan, 2000Nick Holonyak, Jr. Professorship, University of Illinois,

2000-2005Best Student Paper Award, International GaAs

Manufacturing Conference, 2003

Steven J. FrankeSenior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

EngineersTeaching Excellence Award, University of Illinois College

of Engineering, 1999

Leon A. FrizzellFellow, Acoustical Society of AmericaFellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological

EngineeringFellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineSenior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

EngineersEngineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, University of Illinois, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998

Chester S. GardnerFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaR. V. Pole Memorial Plenary Lecturer, IEEE/OSA

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1991CEDAR Prize Lecture, National Science Foundation, 1996

George GrossFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Grainger Professor in Electrical Engineering, University of

Illinois College of Engineering, 1993-1998IEEE Power Engineering Society Prize Paper Award, 1999

Christoforos HadjicostisFellow, Josephine de KarmanFellow, National Semiconductor CorporationFellow, Grass Instrument CompanyHarold L. Hazen Teaching Award, MIT, 1999Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2001Recognized Reviewer of Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transaction onAutomatic Control, 2001

Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of IllinoisElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2003

Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004

Senior Member, IEEE, 2005

Bruce E. HajekMember, National Academy of EngineeringFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1984University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1986Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1992President, IEEE Information Theory Society, 1995IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications

Award, 2003

130

Ibrahim Hajj, EmeritusFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Best Paper Award, Southwest Symposium on Mixed-

Signal Design, 1999Golden Jubilee Award, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society,

1999Meritorious Service Award, University of Illinois, 2001Administrative Vice President, IEEE Circuits and Systems

Society, 2000, 2001, 2002

Mark Hasegawa-JohnsonF. V. Hunt Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Acoustical

Society of America, 1996-1997Individual National Research Service Award, 1998-1999Best Paper Award, International Conference on Signal

Processing Applications and Technologies, 1999Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2002Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)

Karl HessMember, National Academy of Engineering, 2001Member, National Academy of Sciences, 2003Fellow, American Academy of Arts and SciencesFellow, American Association for the Advancement of


(IEEE)Fellow, American Physical SocietyLouis A. Fridrich University Scholar, 1993Swanlund Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering,

University of Illinois, 1996-Professor, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1998-Heinrich Welker Memorial Award, 2001Honorary Doctor of Sciences, ETH Zuerich, 2003

Nick Holonyak, Jr.Member, National Academy of EngineeringMember, National Academy of SciencesFellow, American Academy of Arts and SciencesFellow, American Association Advancement ScienceFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, International Engineering ConsortiumFellow, Optical Society of AmericaForeign Member of the Russian Academy of SciencesLife Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)Member, Center for Advanced Study, University of IllinoisDistinguished Alumnus of Tau Beta PiEminent Member of Eta Kappa Nu

John Scott Medal, City of Philadelphia, 1975Edison Medal, IEEE, 1989National Medal of Science, 1990Honorary Doctor of Science, Northwestern University,

1992Honorary Member, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St.

Petersburg, Russia, 1992Centennial Medal, American Society for Engineering

Education, 1993John Bardeen Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer

Engineering and of Physics, University of Illinois, 1993-Honorary Doctor of Engineering, Notre Dame University,

1994IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000Frederic Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America,

2001National Medal of Technology, 2002IEEE Medal of Honor, 2003Global Energy International Prize, 2003Washington Award, Western Society of Engineers, 2004Lemelson-MIT Prize, 2004Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society, 2004

Thomas S. HuangMember, National Academy of EngineeringForeign Member, Chinese Academy of EngineeringForeign Member, Chinese Academy of SciencesFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, International Association of Pattern RecognitionFellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceFellow, Optical Society of AmericaFellow, SPIE: The International Optical SocietyFellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1971Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1990University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1990Fujitsu Endowed Chair Visiting Professor, University of

Tokyo, 1993IEEE Signal Processing Society Distinguished Lecturer,

1993-1994William L. Everitt Distinguished Professor, University of

Illinois, 1996-Peter H. Bartels Visiting Professor, University of

Washington, 1997Honored as a Pioneer in Signal Processing at the IEEE

ICASSP, 1998Honda Lifetime Achievement Award, 2000IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000IEEE Jack Kilby Medal, 2001King-Sun Fu Prize, International Association Pattern

Recognition, 2002

131

Pan Wen-Yuan Foundation Outstanding Research Award,2002

IBM Faculty Award, 2002, 2003Center for Advanced Study Professor, University of

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003-

Wen-Mei HwuFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)IEEE Computer Society Certificate of Appreciation, for

Service as Both General and Program Chair for theSilver Anniversary MICRO Conference

Fellow, Association of Computing Machinery (ACM)Intel Associate Professor, Electrical and Computer

Engineering, 1992-1993University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1994Grace M. Hopper Award, ACM, 1999Franklin W. Woeltge Professorship, ECE, 2000Tau Pi Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award, 2001Computerworld Medal Honors, 2002Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Illinois

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2002Sanders III Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Endowed Chair,

ECE, 2003

Ravishankar K. IyerFellow, Association for Computing MachineryFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and

AstronauticsIEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-List for Outstanding Advising, University of Illinois

Engineering Council Advisors, 1994, 1996, 2001Distinguished Service Certificate, American Institute of

Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997George and Ann Fisher Distinguished Professor,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1998-IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award, 2001

Jianming JinFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersXerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 1997, 2000Henry Magnuski Outstanding Young Scholar, 1998-2000Value Service Award, Applied Computational

Electromagnetics Society, 1999

Douglas L. JonesFulbright Fellowship, 1987Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Farzad KamalabadiFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)


Sung-Mo Kang, EmeritusFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersForeign Member, National Academy of Engineering of

KoreaPresident, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1991SRC Inventor Recognition Award, 1993, 1996, 2002Series Editor, Elsevier, 1994-1997Charles Marshall University Scholar, University of Illinois,

1995Technical Excellence Award, Semiconductor Research

Corp., 1999Golden Jubilee Medal, IEEE CAS Society, 1999IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000Distinguished Alumnus Award, University of

California–Berkeley 2001President, Silicon Valley Engineering Council, 2002

Kyekyoon (Kevin) KimOverseas Member, National Academy of Engineering,

Korea, 2002

Ralf KoetterCo-Editor-in-Chief, Special Issue of the IEEE

Transactions on Information TheoryAssociate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Communications,

1999-2000Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Information

Theory, 2000-Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2000Incomplete List of Teachers Rated Excellent, 2000Collins Scholar, 2000IBM Partnership Award, 2001Willet Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois, 2002

Philip T. KreinFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)William E. Newell Power Electronics Award, IEEEGrainger Endowed Director’s Chair in Electric Machinery

and ElectromechanicsDistinguished Lecturer, IEEE Power Electronics SocietyGrainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of

Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1995-2002Fulbright Scholar, 1997-1998Past President, IEEE Power Electronics SocietyUniversity Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999-2002Division II Director, IEEE, 2003-2004

132

P. R. KumarFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersFranklin W. Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, University of Illinois, 2000-

Jean-Pierre LeburtonMember, New York Academy of ScienceHitachi Ltd. Quantum Materials Chair, Research Center

for Advanced Sciences and Technology, University ofTokyo, 1992

Chevalier Dans L’Ordre Des Palmes Academiques, 1994Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,

1996Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1999Fellow, American Physical Society, 1999Fellow, American Association for Advancement of

Science, 2001Fellow, Optical Society of America, 2001King Albert II of Belgium, Round Table on the “Mobility

of European Research Scientist” European Science andTechnology Commission, 2001

Inaugural Montefiore Distinguished Lecture, Penn StateUniversity, 2002

Gregory Stillman Professor in Electrical and ComputerEngineering, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2004

Quantum Devices Award, Outstanding Achievement in theArea of Compound Semiconductor Research, 2004

Gold Medal for Scientific Achievement, 75th Anniversaryof the Alumnus Association of the University of Liege,Belgium, 2004

Stephen LevinsonFellow, Acoustical Society of AmericaFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Zhi-Pei LiangUniversity Scholar AwardBeckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1997Henry Magnuski Scholar, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 1999Early Career Achievement Award, Institute of Electrical

and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Engineering inBiology and Medicine Society, 1999

Daniel LiberzonFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2002Young Author Prize, International Federation of Automatic

Control, 2002

Chang LiuAcademician, Academia Sinica, 1998Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, National ScienceFoundation, 2000

Michael C. LouiUniversity Distinguished Teacher/Scholar, 2001Carnegie Scholar, Carnegie Foundation for the

Advancement of Teaching, 2003

Steven LumettaFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)


Joseph W. LydingIBM Postdoctoral Fellow, 1983Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1987-1988Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1996-1997Fellow, American Physical Society, 1997University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997Fellow, American Vacuum Society, 2000

Sean MeynFulbright Research Scholar for Research on Optimization

and Network Scheduling, 1997

Pierre MoulinAssociate Editor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on InformationTheory, 1996-1998

Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by TheirStudents, 1996, 1999, 2000

Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,1999-

Area Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2002-

IEEE Fellow, 2003Founding Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on

Information Forensics and Security, 2005-Board of Governors, IEEE Signal Processing Society,

2005-

David NicolMarion and Jason Whiting Fellowship, Oxford University,

2000Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersBest Paper Award, IPSI Studenica Conference, 2004

133

Burks Oakley IIIncomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their

Students, 15 times, University of IllinoisFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Searle Scholar, 1982Named “one of the most distinguished Ph.D. recipients

over the past 50 years,” University of Michigan, HoraceH. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, 1988

Centennial Certificate, American Society for EngineeringEducation, 1993

Outstanding Advisor List, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 1994, 1995

Educom Medal, 1996Best Workshop, American Society for Engineering

Education, Conference for Industry and EducationCollaboration, Continuing Professional DevelopmentDivision, 1997

Third Millennium Medal, 2000, IEEEFellow, American Society of Electrical Engineers (ASEE),

2002Meritorious Service Award, ASEE ECE Division, 2002Achievement Award, Education Society, IEEE, 2002Alumni Society Merit Award, Biomedical Engineering

Department, University of Michigan, 2003Most Outstanding Achievement in Online Teaching and

Learning by an Individual, Sloan Consortium, 2003

William D. O’Brien, Jr.Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and

Biological EngineeringFellow, Acoustical Society of AmericaFellow and Past President, American Institute of

Ultrasound in MedicineFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Past President, American Institute of Ultrasound in

MedicinePast President, IEEE Sonics and Ultrasonics GroupPast Treasurer, World Federation of Ultrasound in

Medicine and BiologyHonorary Member, Society of Vascular TechnologyCentennial Medal, IEEE, 1984Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,

Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1985-2001Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics

and Frequency Control Society, 1997-1998IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, University

of Illinois College of Engineering, 2003-Distinguished Service Award, IEEE Ultrasonics,

Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society, 2003

Thomas OverbyePrize Paper Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) Power Engineering Society, 1999BP Amoco Award for Innovation in Undergraduate

Education, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2000

IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000IEEE Region 4 Power Engineering Society Outstanding

Engineer Award, 2001Grainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of

Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2002Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer, University of Illinois,

2001-2003

Janak H. PatelFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Association of Computing MachineryDonald Biggar Willet Professor, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 1999

William R. PerkinsLife Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)Past President, IEEE Control Systems SocietyDistinguished Member, IEEE Control Systems SocietyCentennial Medal, IEEE, 1984Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Control Systems Society,

1986-1987Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Press, 1992-1994President, American Automatic Control Council, 1996-

1997IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000NASA “Turning Goals into Reality” Award, 2001

Constantine D. PolychronopoulosBoard of Directors, Association for Computing Machinery

SIGARCHEditor, International Journal of High-Speed Computing,

1989-Mitsubishi Endowed Professorship, University of Tokyo,

1993Best Research Paper Award, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers Supercomputing, 2000

N. Narayana RaoFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Excellence in Education Award, Telugu Association of

North America, 1999Edward C. Jordan Professor of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003

134

Umberto RavaioliFellow, Institute of PhysicsEngineering Council Advisors List for Advising

Excellence, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 1998,2004

Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2003

Elyse RosenbaumBest Student Paper Award (co-author, faculty advisor),

EOS/ESD Symposium, 2003Bliss Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2005

William SandersFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersFellow, Association for Computing MachineryElected Member, IFIP Working Group 10.4 on Dependable

ComputingMember, Sigma XiMember, Eta Kappa NuElected Member, Board of Directors, ACM Sigmetrics,

2001-2003Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,

2002, 2002Best Paper, Pacific Rim International Symposium on

Dependable Computing, Tsukuba, Japan, 2002Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by their

Students, University of Illinois, 2002, 2003

Dilip V. SarwateFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)

Peter W. SauerMember, National Academy of EngineeringFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)U.S. Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, 1993Honorary Professional Degree in Electrical Engineering,

University of Missouri-Rolla, 1995Academy of Electrical Engineering, University of

Missouri-Rolla, 1996Outstanding Electrical Engineer Award, Purdue University,

2004Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1999,2001, 2002, 2003, 2004

Grainger Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering,University of Illinois, 1998-

IEEE Power Engineering Society Prize Paper Award, 1999IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000

Chalmers F. Sechrist, Jr., EmeritusFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Past President and Vice President, IEEE Education SocietyIEEE Third Millennium Award, 2000

Naresh ShanbhagDistinguished Lecturer, IEEE Circuits and Systems

Society, 1997-1999Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 1999Leon K. Kirchmayer Best Paper Award, IEEE, 1999Best Paper Award, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems,

2001

Andrew SingerHughes Aircraft Graduate FellowFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2001ONR Special Research Award in Ocean Acoustics 2001Outstanding Undergraduate Advisor Award, University of

Illinois College of Engineering, 2002Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2002

Timothy N. Trick, EmeritusFellow, American Association for the Advancement of


(IEEE)Fellow, International Engineering ConsortiumPast President, IEEE Circuits and Systems SocietyPast Vice President, IEEE Publication BoardCentennial Medal, IEEE, 1984IEEE Board of Directors, 1986-1989National Engineering Consortium Board of Directors,

1990-President, National Electrical Engineering Department

Heads Association, 1994-1995Golden Jubilee Medal for Extraordinary Contributions to

the IEEE Circuit and Systems Society, 2000IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000Alumni Award for Excellence, University of Dayton,

School of Engineering, 2000Outstanding Electrical Engineer Award, Purdue University,

2001University Research Award, Semiconductor Industry

Association, 2002Board of Governors, Eta Kappa Nu, 2002-2005

John TuckerSenior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)Fellow, American Physical SocietyMicrowave Pioneer Award, IEEE, 2002

135

Nitin VaidyaDistinguished Visitor Program Speaker, Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ComputerSociety, 1998-2001

Best Paper Award, The Eighth International Conference onPersonal Wireless Communications (PWC), Venice,2003

Editor-in-Chief, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing andCommunications Review (MC2R), 2003-2004

Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2005-

Venu VeeravalliSenior Member, IEEE, 1998Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and

Engineers (PECASE), 1999Michael Tien Excellence in Teaching Award, College of

Engineering, Cornell University, 1999Chair, IEEE Ithaca Section, 1999-2000Editor, Communications in Information and Systems (CIS),

2000Associate Editor, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in

Communications–Wireless Series, 2000-2001Co-organizer of the National Academy of Engineering,

Frontiers of Engineering Conference, 2001Associate Editor, Detection & Estimation, IEEE

Transactions on Information Theory, 2001-2003Beckman Associate for the Center for Advanced Study,

University of Illinois, 2002-2003Invited Participant in the National Academy of

Engineering, Frontiers of Engineering Conference, 2002

Pramod ViswanathEliahu Jury Award from Department of EECS, University

of California–Berkeley, 2000Bernard Friedman Award from Mathematics Department,

University of California–Berkeley, 2000Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)


Benjamin W. WahFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

Science (AAAS)Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Society for Design and Process ScienceUniversity Scholar, University of Illinois, 1989IEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-1992Fujitsu Visiting Chair Professor on Intelligence

Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1992Editor in Chief, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and

Data Engineering, 1993-1996

Associate Editor-in-Chief, Information Sciences, 1993-McKay Visiting Professorship, University of California,

Berkeley, 1994Second Vice President, IEEE Computer Society, 1998First Vice President Elect, IEEE Computer Society, 1998Best Paper Award, IEEE International Conference on Tools

with Artificial Intelligence, 1999Robert T. Chien Professor of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, University of Illinois, 1999-2003Best Paper Award, Journal of Global Optimization, 1999IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000President, IEEE Computer Society, 2001Sun Yun-suan Honorary Chair Professor, National

Tsinghua University, 2002Raymond T. Yeh Life Time Achievement Award, Society

for Design and Process Science, 2003Franklin Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, University of Illinois, 2004-

Andrew WebbEngineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers, 1995, 1998

Guest Professorship, University of Wurzburg, 2000-2001

Bruce C. WheelerFellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological

EngineeringCollege Award for Excellence in Advising, University of

Illinois College of Engineering, 1989, 1993, 2001Honorary Knight of St. Pat, University of Illinois College

of Engineering, 1999Outstanding Faculty Award, Illinois Dad’s Association,

1999Campus Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Advising,

University of Illinois, 2000Outstanding Medical Scholar Advisor, 2004

Martin WongEndowed Faculty Fellow, University of Texas at Austin,

1990-1999ACM/IEEE Design Automation Fellowship, 1991, 1994ACM Recognition of Service Award, 1999Best Paper Award, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided

Design, 2000IBM Faculty Partnership Award, 2000David Bruton Centennial Professor in Computer Sciences,

University of Texas at Austin, 2001

Jianhua (David) ZhangOutstanding Advisor Award, University of Illinois College

of Engineering and Engineering Council, 2001

136

Sum.Page.Template - IDEALS @ Illinois

Documents

Transcript of Sum.Page.Template - IDEALS @ Illinois