Coordinated Science Laboratory - IDEALS @ Illinois

Coordinated Science Laboratory

Coordinated Science LaboratoryR. K. Iyer, Director202 Coordinated Science Laboratory1308 W. Main St.MC-228Urbana, IL 61801-2307217-333-2511http://www.csl.uiuc.edu

Advances in information technology are enablingscientists to study previously inaccessible phenomena andenvironments. The payoff of IT research in scientific andhuman terms may well be enormous, and it is justbeginning.

The Coordinated Science Laboratory, one of thenation’s premier, multidisciplinary research laboratories,focuses on information technology at the crossroads ofcomputing, control, and communications. With a richhistory of nearly 60 years of innovation, CSL hasdeveloped and deployed new technologies that haveachieved international scientific recognition andtransformed society. At the laboratory, design,implementation, interaction, and evaluation take place atevery level, from circuits to systems and networks, andfrom algorithms to complex, new-generation architectures,design tools and software.

CSL uses these innovations to explore critical issues indefense, medicine, environmental sciences, robotics, life-enhancement for the disabled, and aeronautics. Thelaboratory has made many important contributions toNASA, the Department of Defense and majormanufacturers including Motorola, HP, IBM, Microsoft,and many others.

The laboratory is led by a faculty of about 95 world-renowned experts and researchers from 13 departments,and assisted by 60 senior professional researchers, post-docs, and adjunct faculty members. CSL also is home to350 graduate students and 70 undergraduate students. CSLis located primarily in its own building, with additionalfacilities in the Engineering Science Building, BeckmanInstitute, and the Frederick Seitz Materials ResearchLaboratory.

A selection of current efforts illustrates the laboratory’sbreadth, including:•Building next-generation air transportation systems.•Enhancing multi-modal imaging and visualization forhealth care, animation, security, and surveillance.

•Designing pervasive and embedded technologies, fromhand-held devises to large-scale systems.•Creating telecommunications networks that are secure,available, safe, private, and survivable in the face of attacksand other disruptions.•Building new parallel technologies for high-endcomputing applications.•Constructing new wireless technologies for seamless,high-speed communications.•Designing new architectures for the future power grid.

Underlying all advances in information technologymust be a powerful and dynamic infrastructure—one thatis fast, adaptive, responsive, highly reliable, and secure.CSL is building this infrastructure today.

CSL's major research areas include:•Computing and Networks•Decision and Control•Communications and Signal Processing•Circuits, Electronics and Surface Science

Faculty associated with CSL are listed below:

Department of Aerospace EngineeringN. NeogiP. Voulgaris

Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringL. Liu

Department of Computer ScienceV. AdveG. AghaR. CampbellG. DejongC. GunterK. NahrstedtL. Sha

Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringI. AdesidaN. AhujaJ. AllenT. BasarJ. BernhardS. BishopR. Blahut

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http://www.csl.uiuc.edu

http://www.csl.uiuc.edu

N. BorisovY. BreslerD. BrownA. CangellarisS. CarneyN. CarterD. ChenK. Y. ChengY. ChiuJ. ColemanT. ColemanM. DoG. EdenM. FengM. FrankS. FrankeC. GardnerC. HadjicostisB. HajekI. HajjM. Hasegawa-JohnsonK. HessY. C. HuT. HuangS. HutchinsonW. M. HwuR. IyerD. JonesF. KamalabadiR. KoetterP. KreinE. KudekiP. KumarJ. P. LeburtonS. LevinsonZ. P. LiangD. LiberzonM. LouiS. LumettaJ. LydingY. MaJ. MakelaS. MeynP. MoulinD. NicolW. O'BrienM. OelzeJ. PatelS. PatelW. PerkinsC. PolychronopoulosA. Poon

U. RavaioliE. RosenbaumW. SandersD. SarwateP. SauerJ. Schutt-AineN. ShanbhagA. SingerM. SpongR. SrikantG. R. SwensonG. W. SwensonJ. TuckerN. VaidyaV. VeeravalliP. ViswanathB. WahM. Wong

Department of Industrial and Enterprise SystemsEngineeringC. BeckJ. MedanicR. SreenivasD. Stipanovic

Department of LawJ. Kesan

Department of Library and Information ScienceL. Smith

Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJ. AbelsonL. AllenG. EhrlichA. Rockett

Department of MathematicsI. DuursmaR. Ghrist

Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringA. AlleyneG. Dullerud

Department of Speech CommunicationN. Contractor

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Faculty and Their InterestsJohn R. AbelsonPlasma-assisted deposition of semiconductor, dielectric,and conductive thin-films for electronic applications; thephysics and chemistry of film growth; fabrication ofphotovoltaic cells and thin-film transistors formacroelectronics

Ilesanmi AdesidaElectronic and transport properties of ultra-lowdimensional semiconductor structures, advancedprocessing methods for electronic devices, high-speedoptoelectronic devices and integrated circuits, radiationeffects

Vikram AdveCompilers, software reliability, performance analysis,computer architecture

Gul A. AghaDeveloping new abstractions for building open distributedsystems and reasoning about their behavior, parallelism,coordination, real-time behavior

Narendra AhujaComputer vision, robotics, image processing, sensors,pattern recognition, virtual environments, intelligentinterfaces

Jont AllenSpeech recognition based on the articulation index andaspects of information theory, bioacoustics, circuits,communications, electromagnetics, signal and imageprocessing

Leslie H. AllenThin-film physics, microelectronic processing, interfaces,nanoscale, size-dependent material properties,nanocalorimetry

Andrew G. AlleyneAutomotive systems, control systems

Tamer BasarInformation technology research; control over wired andwireless networks; robust identification and control;dynamic games and stochastic teams; nonlinear andadaptive robust control; decentralized detection andestimation; routing, pricing, and congestion control;modeling and control of communication networks; mobilecomputing; incentive mechanisms through pricing; neuralnetworks-based identification and control; applications ofcontrol and game theory in economics

Carolyn L. BeckControl systems, modeling and model reduction for thepurposes of control, systems theory

Jennifer BernhardReconfigurable active and passive antennas, phased arrayantennas, wireless sensor systems

Stephen G. BishopOptical and electrical characterization of crystalline andamorphous semiconductors and semiconductornanostructures, compound semiconductors (GaAs, InP,AlGaAs, ZnSe, SiC), defects in semiconductors,isoelectronic defects, rare earth-doped chalcogenideglasses and GaN. Experimental techniques, includingphotoluminescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, electronspin resonance, magneto-optics, photoemission, infraredspectroscopy

Richard BlahutCommunications, signal processing, information theory,optical recording

Yoram BreslerBiomedical imaging systems; statistical signal and imageprocessing; inverse problems; statistical patternrecognition; sensor-array processing

Donna J. BrownAsynchronous learning technologies and environments;WWW-based education; VLSI placement and routing;parallel and distributed algorithms and architectures;analysis and design of algorithms, with a particular interestin approximation algorithms; graph theory

David CahillEpitaxial growth, scanning tunneling microscopy, ion-surface interactions, thermal properties of thin films,strained layer heterostructures

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Roy H. CampbellSecurity, distributed operating systems, ubiquitouscomputing

Andreas CangellarisNumerical techniques for electromagnetic modeling andsimulation, microwave circuit design, speed VLSIinterconnects, electronic packaging, electromagneticcomputer-aided design for high-speed digital and RF/microwave electronics, antenna modeling, optoelectronicinterconnects, electromagnetic modeling for nonlinearoptics

Scott CarneyOptical physics, including imaging, near-field microscopy,classical and quantum coherence theory, beampropagation, fundamental issues of energy conservation,mathematical methods in inverse scattering and thepropagation of light

Nicholas CarterArchitectures that combine programmable processors andreconfigurable logic, computing using nanotech devices,design techniques to integrate computation and sensing

Deming ChenSynthesis and architecture exploration for programmablelogic devices, design space exploration for system-on-chipand imbedded systems, compilation and high-levelsynthesis for ASICs and customized processors,microprocessor architecture design under processvariation, algorithmic design and applications, 3-D FPGAwith nanotechnology

Keh-Yung ChengMolecular beam epitaxy technology, optoelectronicintegrated circuits, high speed devices, in situ fabricationof nanostructures, quantum wire lasers, vertical cavitysurface emitting lasers, Sb-based IR detectors andelectronic devices

Yun ChiuIntegrated circuits, VLSI signal processing, devicemodeling and CAD, wire-line and wirelesscommunications

Todd P. ColemanWireless networks, information theory, operations,research, computational neuroscience

James J. ColemanSemiconductor lasers, optoelectronics, epitaxial growth

Gerald DeJongArtificial intelligence

Minh DoImage and multidimensional signal processing, wavelets,imaging, multiscale geometric analysis, visual informationrepresentation

Geir E. DullerudControl systems, dynamic systems

J. Gary EdenUltraviolet and visible lasers and laser spectroscopy,microcavity plasma devices and arrays, micro- andnanophotonic resonators; optical physics, includingfemtosecond laser spectroscopy and technology, and theinteraction of intense optical fields with matter, lasermagnetometry

Gert Ehrlich, EmeritusSurface studies including crystal growth on the atomiclevel, atomic interactions and clusters

Milton FengHigh-speed devices and ICs for wireless and light emittingtransistors for optoelectronics (optoelectronic IC),monolithic microwave and millimeter-wave IC, digital IC,high field transport properties, RF-MEMS for wirelesscommunications, advanced Si-CMOS device physics

Matthew FrankComputer system architecture, parallel computing,program analysis, concurrency control, online algorithms

Steven J. FrankeDevelopment and application of radar and signalprocessing techniques for remote sensing in the middle andupper atmosphere; application of tomographic imaging tothe middle and upper atmosphere using arrays of ground-based sensors and low-earth orbit satellites; low-powerwireless RF communications; high efficiency linear poweramplifiers for RF communications and radar applications

Chester S. GardnerOptical communication, laser altimetry, laser remotesensing and ranging, laser guide stars, adaptive optics

Carl A. GunterSecurity, networks, software engineering, programminglanguages

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Christoforos HadjicostisSystems and control, error control coding, fault diagnosisand tolerance in dynamic systems, testing and verification,discrete event systems, algebraic systems, coding andgraph theory

Bruce HajekCommunication networks information theory, computernetworks stochastic analysis, optimization wirelesscommunication

Mark Hasegawa-JohnsonAcoustic phonetics, audio signal processing and speechrecognition, speech and auditory physiology

Karl Hess, EmeritusHot carriers in semiconductors, electronic transport inheterojunction structures and superlattices, numericalsimulation of semiconductor devices (supercomputingapplications), quantum transport in mesoscopic systems,laser diode simulation, molecular and electronnanostructures, theory and simulation, deuteriumprocessing and MOS reliability, quantum computing,theorem of Bell

Thomas S. HuangImage processing, image compression, computer vision,human computer interaction, image and video databases

Seth HutchinsonRobotics, computer vision, artificial intelligence

Wen-Mei HwuArchitecture, compilation, and microarchitecture of highperformance parallel computer systems

Ravishankar K. IyerDesign and evaluation of reliable and secure networks andsystems, computer measurement and modeling,dependability and security validation and benchmarking

Douglas L. JonesDigital signal processing, time-varying and time-frequency analysis, signal processing for communications,binaural hearing aids, signal processing for MEMS

Farzad KamalabadiRemote sensing and imaging, multidimensional signal andimage processing, signal reconstruction and tomography,ionospheric and space physics

Ralf KoetterPractical and theoretical aspects of coding theory,complexity, algorithms, communication systems,networks

Philip T. KreinPower electronics, electric machinery andelectromechanics, electric and hybrid vehicle systems

Erhan KudekiRadar remote sensing; atmospheric winds, waves, andturbulence; ionospheric plasma instabilities; incoherentscatter electric field measurements; midlatitude fieldaligned irregularities and meteor trails

P. R. KumarWireless networks, sensor networks, convergence ofcontrol, communication and computation, semiconductormanufacturing, manufacturing systems, machine learning,adaptive systems, control, stochastic systems

Jean-Pierre LeburtonTheory of semiconductor devices, modeling andsimulation of nanostructures, electronic and opticalproperties of heterostructures and low dimensionalsystems, transport in quantum structures, electronicproperties, charging effects in quantum dots andnanocrystals, spin effects in nanostructures, quantumcomputation and quantum information processing, nano-bio-electronics

Stephen LevinsonSpeech processing, language acquisition, natural languageunderstanding, speech synthesis

Zhi-Pei LiangMagnetic resonance imaging, pattern recognition,statistical learning, bioinformatics

Daniel LiberzonNonlinear control theory, analysis and synthesis of hybriddynamical systems, systems with imprecise measurementsand/or modeling uncertainty, stochastic differentialequations and control

Liang Y. LiuConstruction project controls, productivity analysis andimprovements, information technology, sensors and fielddata collection, construction modeling and simulation

Michael C. LouiComputational complexity theory, ethics in engineeringand computing, scholarship of teaching and learning

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Steven LumettaOptical network architecture, computer architecture,cluster computing, parallel computing, user-levelcommunication, validation and reliability

Joseph W. LydingScanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, STM-based nanolithography and nanofabrication, silicon-basedmolecular electronics, carbon nanotubes and carbon-basednanotechnology merged with silicon, growth of 3-D siliconnanostructures, deuterium processing and hot electrondegradation in semiconductor devices, atomically precisedopant mapping, cross-sectional STM of semiconductorheterostructures, oxide silicon interface mapping, carbonnanotube purification

Yi MaComputer vision, including multiple view geometry,structure from motion, dynamic vision, real-time tracking,and active vision; systems theory, including geometricnonlinear control, hybrid systems, vision-based roboticcontrol and navigation

Jonathan MakelaIonospheric physics, especially irregularities at low- andmid-latitudes and their effects on trans-ionosphericsatellite signals, response of the Earth's ionosphere togeomagnetic storms; optical and radio remote sensingtechniques from ground- and satellite-based platforms

Sean MeynOptimal control, Markov processes (with or withoutcontrol), stochastic approximation and adaptive control,reinforcement learning and simulation, spectral theory andlarge deviations, information theory, stochastic networks

Pierre MoulinImage and video processing, compression, statistical signalprocessing, information hiding, information theory

Klara NahrstedtQuality-of-Service (QoS) management, integration ofguaranteed and best effort services for audio/video/DATAtraffic, QoS-aware resource management, QoS routing,multimedia security, soft real-time scheduling,middleware support for distributed multimediaapplications

Natasha NeogiAerospace software, hazard elimination using backwardsreachability techniques in discrete and hybrid models

David NicolCyber-security, modeling and analysis of computer andcommunications systems, high performance simulation,parallel processing

William D. O'Brien, Jr.Ultrasonic biophysics and bioeffects, acoustic microscopy,ultrasonic bioengineering, ultrasonic dosimetry, ultrasonictissue characterization, acoustic imaging techniques

Michael L. OelzeUltrasound, including backscatter microscopy,quantitative imaging, computed tomography; use ofultrasound for cancer diagnosis and therapy; bioeffects ofultrasound; sonoporation; coded excitation and ultrasound

Sanjay PatelComputer architecture, microarchitecture, high-performance and reliable computer systems, theimplications of future generation applications andimplementation technologies on systems design

Janak H. PatelVLSI testing and testability, VLSI design automation

William R. Perkins, EmeritusControl systems, system theory, sensitivity theory androbust control, large-scale dynamic systems

Constantine D. PolychronopoulosParallelizing/optimizing compilers for multithreadedarchitectures, program restructuring and optimization;code generation and optimization for superscalarprocessors; parallel programming languages;environments for parallel programming; partitioning,scheduling, and run-time environments for parallelcomputers; multiprocessor operating systems withmultithreading support; parallel computer architectures;performance evaluation of parallel architectures

Umberto RavaioliMonte Carlo simulation of high speed electronic devices;numerical methods for semiconductor device simulation;quantum devices; supercomputation and visualization;reliability of MOS devices; micro- and nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS); charge transportin biological systems (ionic channels); properties of carbonnanotubes

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Angus A. RockettIV, III–V, and chalcogenide semiconductors, materials forsolar cells, theory of crystal growth, defects insemiconductors, contact metallurgies, solid phase reactionkinetics, surface science, microelectromechanical systems

Elyse RosenbaumDesign of ESD-protected RFICs, modeling and simulationof ESD protection circuits, silicon-on-insulator, design ofvery high speed I/Os, gate oxide reliability

William SandersDependability, security, and performance evaluation;intrusion- and fault-tolerant systems; reliable and securedistributed systems

Dilip V. SarwateCommunications

Peter W. SauerElectric machinery modeling, analysis and control, powersystem dynamic modeling and simulation, power systemstability

Jose Schutt-AineElectronic packaging, microwave theory andmeasurements, and digital circuit modeling, includingintegration of modeling and simulation tools, high-performance computation for simulation of packages,applications of V-shaped transmission lines

Lui ShaDistributed real-time computing systems, dynamic real-time architecture, Quality-of-Service (QoS) drivenresource management, security and fault tolerance innetworked embedded systems

Naresh ShanbhagDesign and VLSI implementation of low-power, high-performance multimedia digital signal processing andcommunications systems, noise-tolerant deep submicronVLSI systems, fundamental bounds on efficiency of VLSIinformation processing systems, power-awarereconfigurable DSP systems, low-power DSP and circuits,DSP and communication system design, digital ASICdesign

Andrew SingerStatistical signal processing, communications, machinelearning, data compression, sonar/lidar/optical signalprocessing

Mark W. SpongNonlinear control theory, robotics, mechatronics,networked control systems, teleoperation, bipedallocomotion

R. S. SreenivasDiscrete-state/discrete-event systems, approximatealgorithms, on-line algorithms

Rayadurgam SrikantInternet, wireless networks, sensor networks, game theory,queueuing theory, information theory

Gary SwensonRemote sensing of the atmosphere from ground-based,aircraft, and spacecraft using optical methods; spaceenvironment issues with a particular emphasis onspacecraft glows

John TuckerMetal silicide source/drain MOS transistors at ~10nm gatelength, atom-scale electron devices made by STMpatterning of donors in silicon, nanoscale architectures

Nitin VaidyaWireless networking, mobile computing, fault-tolerantcomputing

Venu VeeravalliSensor networks, wireless communication, detection andestimation theory, information theory

Pramod ViswanathCommunication theory, wireless communication,information theory, communication networks

Petros G. VoulgarisRobust control, time-varying and nonlinear systems,general systems theory, estimation and identification,distributed control of complex systems and networks,emphases on aerospace applications

Benjamin W. WahNonlinear optimization, parallel processing, distributedprocessing, artificial intelligence, computer networks,multimedia signal processing

Martin WongComputer-aided design of VLSI, design formanufacturing, routing for high-speed packaging, field-programmable systems, design and analysis of algorithms,combinatorial optimization

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Advanced AutomationAcquisition, Compression and Interpolation ofPanoramic Stereo Images of a Scene for RemoteWalkthroughsN. Ahuja,* Y. Shinagawa,* M. Maitre, A. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-25523

Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory

This project is aimed at producing novel images of a scenefrom arbitrary new viewpoints using a sparse set ofpanoramic snapshots or sample images of the scene. Thesamples are taken from a relatively small number ofstrategically placed cameras. A major application andevaluation testbed of the proposed work is to enablewalkthroughs of a 3-D scene by generating the images ofthe scene along a trajectory chosen by a remote userdynamically.

Automated Visual Learning of Safety Appliances onRailcarsN. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, C. B. [email protected] Association for Railroads

This project is aimed at the development of visual learningtechniques and their implementation for automaticchecking of the state of safety appliances on a moving train.This consists of the following stages: acquisition of imagesof railcars for inspection of the safety appliances locatedon the railcar sides; identification of image characteristicsassociated with the health of the safety appliances;identification of types of models useful to represent therailcar appearance when the safety appliances are insatisfactory condition, and if necessary, to representunsatisfactory condition as well; application of models tolearn the descriptions of safe and unsafe appliances; andapplication of the results of learning to railcarclassification.

Globally Coordinated Locally Linear ModelsN. Ahuja,* H. Arora, A. [email protected] of Naval Research

This project is aimed at modeling spatiotemporalvariations in video sequences such as variations in rawcolor values, as well as certain functions computed on thesevalues. Since an arbitrary scene consists of distinct objectsoccupying different parts at different times, making videosequences nonstationary, the goal is local rather than globalspatiotemporal modeling. The applicability of the models

being developed extends beyond video, to a variety ofmultivariate, multidimensional data encountered ineveryday life.

Machine Vision for Improved Safety Inspection ofRailcarsN. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* A. [email protected] Research Board

It is vital to rail safety to ensure that critical mechanicalcomponents are in good working order at all times.However, currently much of inspectors’ time is expendedinspecting items that are in good working order. Thisproject is aimed at the development of a machine visionsystem for wayside automatic inspection of railcars, usingan advanced camera system that images each railcar truckas a train passes by, and then using machine visionalgorithms to analyze these images for detecting worn ordefective components.

Machine-Vision Based Assessment of IntermodalRailroad Loading PatternsN. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, S. Todorovic,P. [email protected] Northern Santa Fe

This project is the design and implementation of acomputer vision system for automatic assessment of theloading pattern of trains passing by a wayside monitoringstation. The research is concerned with the following majorareas: development of algorithms for automatic inspectionof double stack railcars, identification of advanced imagingsensors to enhance algorithm performance, field testing ofthe algorithms and sensors, and the development of a fielddeployable wayside system to demonstrate a proof ofconcept. The system needs to have the followingcapabilities: to image parts of a moving train, to identifyspecific double stack cards in the train, to analyze keyportions of these images to detect the presence or absenceof loaded containers, and to detect occurrences of doublestack loading.

Next-Generation RFID Systems: People and ObjectTracking for Homeland Security ApplicationsN. Ahuja,* J. Bernard, * G. Horn, R. Jaehne,*V. Kindratenko,* S. Patel,* N. Vaidya,* T. Yu,B. [email protected] of Illinois

This project is aimed at developing methods for trackingand localization of people in buildings. A central feature

* Denotes principal investigator.

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of the proposed work is the use of Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) tags. Current RFID technology hasinadequate reliability, particularly for homeland securityapplications. The goal of this project to pursue research onnext-generation RFID systems, in collaboration withapplication domain experts at the Illinois Fire ServiceInstitute, e.g., to help firefighters and other first respondersdo their jobs more effectively.

Recognition and Contents-Based Retrieval of HandGestures from VideoN. Ahuja,* A. Briassouli, A. [email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-03-1-0107

This project is concerned with recognition of scenes fromthe spatiotemporal structure of the video data. Trajectoriesof scene contents seen in the video sequence are used asthe basis for this purpose. Objects are characterized by theirspectral properties as well as temporal behavior. Suchrepresentations are used for information access as well asfor recognition using such methods as support vectormachines.

Scale Dependent Processing of Clustered SensorySignalsN. Ahuja,* A. Feng,* M. Nelson,* C. Gao, H. [email protected] Science Foundation, NSF IBN 04-22073

The broad objective of this proposal is to understand thecomputational algorithms used by animals to extractindividual signals that are embedded in a cluster of similarsignals. Our major hypotheses are: that characteristics ofthe received signal and the separability of individualcomponents will vary as a function of distance from thecluster; that computational algorithms for detection,localization, and identification should reflect these scale-dependent changes; and that motor strategies and sensoryfiltering properties should be adaptively adjusted whenprocessing sensory signals at different distance scales.

Real-Time Path Planning in Changing EnvironmentsS. Hutchinson*National Science Foundation


New methods are proposed to generate collision-free pathsfor robots that operate in environments that change overtime. The proposed approach is related to recentprobabilistic roadmap approaches. These planners usepreprocessing and query stages and are aimed at planningmany times in the same environment. In contrast, thepreprocessing stage for this research creates a

representation of the configuration space that can be easilymodified in real-time to account for changes in theenvironment. As with previous approaches, the proposedapproach began by constructing a roadmap in theconfiguration space, but this roadmap is not constructed fora specific workspace. Instead, it is constructed for anobstacle-free workspace, and the mapping from workspacecells to nodes and arcs in the roadmap is encoded. Whenthe environment changes, this mapping is used to make theappropriate modifications to the roadmap, and plans can begenerated by searching the modified roadmap. At the heartof the method is the encoding for mapping workspaceobstacles to configuration space obstacles. To make theproposed approach truly viable, a major component of theproposed research will focus on robustness and complexityissues. These issues will be addressed by using tools fromthe fields of image processing, information theory, graphtheory, computational geometry, and incrementalalgorithms.

Advanced Processing and CircuitsAlGan/GaN HFET Fabrication and CharacterizationI. Adesida,* V. Kumar, A. KulievTriquint Corporation

Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory

This project involves a collaboration with TriquintCorporation on the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HFETs.Technologies for the fabrication of the HFETs will bedeveloped.

Gallium Nitride OptoelectronicsI. Adesida,* L. ZhouDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,DAAD19-99-1-0011


This project focuses on experimental issues for thefabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and circuits ingallium nitride and related materials. UV detectors, fieldeffect transistors, and heterojunction bipolar transistorswill be investigated. Methods for integrating these deviceswill also be explored.


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Porous GaN: Production, Characterization, andApplicationsI. Adesida,* P. Bohn,* X. Li,* S. KimU.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1


This program involves the generation and characterizationof porous GaN and SiC for applications in growth of highquality epitaxial layers. Matrices with dimensions down to50 nm are to be achieved for the porous materials.

Processing of Gallium Nitride and Related CompoundsI. Adesida,* L. Zhou, F. KhanATMI/Air Force


This program consists of the development of viableprocessing methods for gallium nitride and relatedcompounds. A systematic study of etching techniques,ohmic contact formation, and other metallizations will beconducted and applied to devices.

Resonant Enhanced ModulatorsI. Adesida,* S. RommelAir Force; Sarnoff Corporation


This is a collaborative program with Sarnoff Corporationon resonant enhanced modulators in InP-basedheterostructures. Waveguides with coupling rings are to befabricated and characterized in InP-heterostructures. Highprecision patterning using inductively coupled plasmareactive ion etching and electron beam lithography will beused in fabricating the modulators.

Silicon-Germanium Modulation-doped Field EffectTransistorsI. Adesida,* K. Ismail*National Science Foundation, ECS 97-10418


This collaborative program with IBM Corp. is intended tosignificantly advance the growth and fabricationtechnologies for SiGe/Si modulation-doped field effecttransistors (MODFETs) needed for low-power, high-speedmicrowave and digital applications. Specific goals are tostudy the physics of short gate-length p-type, n-type, andcomplementary MODFETs and to demonstrate simplecircuits.

Ultra-High-Power GaN Power Amplifier at X-BandI. Adesida,* W. Lu, D. SelvanathanAir Force; TRW Corporation


This collaborative project with TRW Corporation is tofabricate an ultra-high-power GaN-based HFET amplifieron SiC at X-Band. Various processing techniques for GaNwill be developed as part of this project.

AeronomyEngineering Services and Utilities for ST RadarOperation at the Sidney Field StationE. Kudeki,* S. HensonNational Science Foundation; SBC Utah State University

This grant concerns the operation of an ST radar at theuniversity's Sidney Field Station. Tropospheric andstratospheric wind, reflectivity, and aspect sensitivitymeasurements to be conducted with the Sidney radar willcomplement similar measurements conducted by similarradars operated at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatoryand Bondville Field Station. The three-radar network willbe used in correlative studies of atmospheric gravity wavepropagation in the troposphere and the lower stratosphereas well as phenomena associated with the evolution anddynamics of weather fronts.

Engineering Services and Utilities for the BondvilleField StationE. Kudeki,* S. HensonNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 52RANR 100075

Continuous operation of the FLATLAND ST(stratosphere-mesosphere) radar administered by NOAAis maintained at the Bondville Field Station. TheFLATLAND radar, operating at a frequency of 50 MHz,has been designed to investigate the dynamics of theatmosphere above a plain area with insignificantorographical forcing. The routinely measured reflectivityprofiles and Doppler spectra are collected in a NOAAdatabase. Joint measurements with the Urbana FieldStation MST radar are performed to investigate thehorizontal scale lengths of atmospheric gravity waves andto follow the transit of weather fronts.


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Radar Studies of the Equatorial IonosphereE. Kudeki,* E. Chapin, S. Bhattacharyya, J. UrbinaNational Science Foundation, ATM 90-22400

The 50 MHz Jicamarca Radio Observatory located nearLima, Peru, is used to investigate the structure anddynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. In the mesosphereionospheric D region, investigations aim to resolve theinternal structure of narrow echoing layers and determinethe relevant scattering/reflection mechanisms. In thehigher ionosphere, E- and F-region plasma drifts,instabilities, and turbulence are under study. Currentprojects include efforts to quantify the anisotropies ofequatorial plasma turbulence, obtain interferometricimages of plasma irregularity structures, and measure thecomponent of ionospheric drifts in the geomagnetic fielddirection. Major research effort is dedicated to therefinement of radar techniques suitable for these studies.

Artificial Intelligence: MachineLearning, Vision, and RoboticsDomain Knowledge, Explanation-Based Control, andReinforcement LearningG. DeJong,* A. Laud, Q. Sun, V. MoskovichOffice of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0063

Prior research has shown that complex skill-like decisionpolicies can be acquired by combining an inferentialsymbolic reasoning with a numeric component. Theapproach is called Explanation-Based Control.Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular machinelearning approach that also automatically acquires skill-like policies. However, it is difficult or impossible toexploit a domain expert’s knowledge. This means that RLcannot learn complex policies in an example-efficientmanner. This research explores combining the twoapproaches to achieve greater example efficiency on thepractical side and a clearer conceptual foundationtheoretically.

The Role of Experience in Natural LanguageD. Roth,* K. Bock, J. Cole, G. Dell, C. Fisher,S. Garnsey, A. Goldberg, S. LevinsonNational Science Foundation, KDI SBR 98-73450

An integrated multiparadigm approach to the study oflearning mechanism in language production andcomprehension is studied. The language processing systemis constantly changing. It adapts quickly to recentexperience while continuing to reflect the accumulatedexperience of a lifetime of speaking, listening, reading, and

writing. This project integrates research efforts inpsycholinguistics, linguistics theory, and computationalmodels of learning in an attempt to address the mechanismsthat enable the language processor to adapt to experience.In addition, the research will suggest learning mechanismsfor language processing technology, particularly for rapidadaptation to changing linguistic environments.

Automotive SystemsIntegrated Vehicle DynamicsA. G. Alleyne*University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ford MotorCo.

Conducted in the Mechanical Engineering Building

Presently, components of the vehicle act independently ofone another to control various aspects of the vehicle'sdynamics. In this research, the dynamics of a movingvehicle are controlled by coordinating and integrating thevarious subsystems of the chassis. Wheel torque, steeringforces, and suspension forces are combined in a synergisticapproach to achieve levels of vehicle performance andsafety that are superior to previous approaches. Extensiveuse of modern control techniques is made to determine theoptimal combination of forces.

BioacousticsDevelopment of Intelligent Hearing AidA. Feng* (Physiol.); D. L. Jones, B. C. Wheeler,W. D. O'Brien; C. Lansing, R. Bilger (Speech &Hearing)Phonak, Inc.

Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Scienceand Technology

This project aims to refine binaural signal processingalgorithms for hearing aids so that they are suitable for real-time implementation in a commercial hearing aid. Alsostudied is wireless communication between hearing aidsand support devices located on the body.


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Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into theHuman HeadW. D. O’Brien, Jr.;* C. R. Lansing,R. D. Chambers (Speech & Hearing Sci.);M. G. Wismer (Bucknell Univ.); J. A. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,FA9550-06-1-0128


The objective is to develop an understanding, based on firstprinciples, of the reception and conduction paths of very-high-amplitude air-borne sound levels (about 150 dB) tothe inner ear by soft and hard tissues in order to design anadvanced hearing protector device. The computationalgoal is to develop an acoustic propagation model usingwell-understood and documented computationaltechniques that will model propagated acoustic signalsaround and inside the human head. Modeling of acousticdiffraction around stationary and moving complexgeometries will be accomplished with finite-elementanalysis (FEA). This model will take into consideration theeffects of diffraction of sound around the human head, andthe direction from which the sound has traveled from theacoustic source to the human head.

Hearing Protection for High-Noise EnvironmentsW. D. O’Brien, Jr.,* M. G. Wismer (Bucknell Univ.),J. A. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, STTR AF06-T035; SBC: Creare, Inc.


Hearing protection for personnel working in high-noiseenvironments remains an important challenge for thescientific and engineering community. The sound levelsclose to certain modern military weapons platformsapproach 150 dBA. At these levels, the attenuationprovided by hearing protection devices (HPDs) is limitedby bone-conducted sound that bypasses the ear canal andits associated protection (earplugs and earmuffs). Animproved understanding of the transmission mechanismsfor bone-conducted sound is required to enable the designof improved active and passive hearing protection devices.Creare and the University of Illinois propose a three-pronged approach to investigate the transmission of bone-conducted sound and design-improved HPDs. Theapproach involves calculation, using an acoustic wavepropagation model implemented in finite element analysis

software; simulation, using an instrumented physicalmodel of a human head; and human subject tests,investigating the nonlinear response of the cochlea to boneconduction stimulation. In Phase I, we propose todemonstrate the feasibility of each of these techniques. InPhase II, we will conduct a detailed investigation of thephenomena using these techniques and apply the results tothe next generation of hearing protection devices.

Ultrasound-Induced Tissue Damage AssessmentW. D. O’Brien, Jr.;* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.);M. L. Oelze; D. G. Simpson (Stat.); J. E. Erdman,Jr. (Food Sci. & Human Nutr.); M. M. Forbes,C. A. Johnson, Z. Hafez (Bioengr.);J. L. King (Nutr. Sci.); R. J. Miller, J. P. Blue, Jr [email protected] Institutes of Health, National Institute ofBiomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, R37 EB002641


The proposed research program is a basic science(nonclinical) investigation of a potentially significantultrasound (US)-induced biological effect; that is, whetherthe application of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) inhumans adversely affects the vasculature. The medicalprofession benefits if it is shown that diagnostic US is asignificant medical risk to the patient—by advisingclinicians about this risk, and suggesting how the cliniciancan monitor the degree of risk. Likewise, the medicalprofession benefits if it is shown that diagnostic US is nota significant medical risk to the patient—by eliminatingthis as a clinical concern. In either case, there is clearmedical significance. The data necessary to decide thisissue are not currently available. Today we are faced witha significant challenge about the human use of UCAs; thatis, the lack of knowledge of whether the interaction of USwith UCAs is a significant medical problem in humans.FDA is also uncertain about the safety and/or effectivenessof UCAs and is waiting until more is known about the riskof these agents before approving new UCAs, thus denyingtheir well-known benefits to the patient.

Evaluation of Inertial Cavitation's Role inSonoporationW. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.),M. M. Forbes (Bioengr.)Internal Funds

The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is toexamine and characterize how the interaction of a contrastagent with ultrasound alters the cell membrane to largemolecules. A significant problem in cancer therapy is the


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compromised quality of life experienced by the patient dueto the side effects of the therapeutic compounds. Deliveryof molecular medicine to solid tumors is often inefficientand as a result, the patient’s healthy cells and tissues aresubject to the toxic effects of the drugs. Thus, it is importantto develop approaches that deliver drugs to the appropriatecells within the patient in a way that is specific, efficient,and safe. One such method involves the use of ultrasoundto enhance cell permeabilization. With this method it ispossible, by using ultrasound and contrast microbubbles,to deliver therapeutic compounds noninvasively intospecific target cells.

Inertial Cavitation and NeovascularizationW. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.),M. L. Oelze, C. A. Johnson (Bioengr.), R. J. Miller,J. P. BlueBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is toexamine and characterize how the interaction of a contrastagent with ultrasound alters the expression of vasculargrowth factor molecules following capillary injury. Thegeneration of these data will allow for a more clearunderstanding of the safety issues surrounding the use ofultrasound contrast agents to assess blood flow andmyocardial perfusion in human patients. Microbubbleultrasound contrast agents are valuable diagnostic tools forphysicians, but their use must be considered in the contextof risk-benefit assessment for each patient. The medicalsignificance of and long-term potential benefits from theuse of ultrasound contrast agents are clear; however,concerns related to their “safe use” have been raisedbecause of reports of microbubble ultrasound contrastagent-induced vascular injury. Currently, the medicalsignificance and pathogenesis of such phenomena are notclearly understood. Because ultrasound contrast agents arepoised to be used to assess myocardial and skeletal muscleperfusion, the results of our study are an early step indeveloping an understanding of the primary bioeffects(injury) of ultrasound contrast agent on capillary beds ofthe heart and circulatory system.

Temperature Estimates During Diagnostic UltrasoundExposuresW. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary (Pathobiol.),T. A. BigelowBeckman Institute Research Assistantship to T. A. Bigelow


The goal is to develop a quantitative assessment of tissuetemperature increase under in vivo and in utero ultrasound

exposure conditions, thereby providing the capability forthe medical professional to know the temperature increase,and hence the risk of the desired diagnostic exposure. Ofparticular importance is the heating near the developingcranial bone because heating of the developing brain tissuecan result in long-term neurological disorders. There is afundamental trade-off between the improved diagnosticcapability and the resulting increased risk. The risk froma diagnostic ultrasound procedure is well understood bymedical professionals provided that the risk can beappropriately identified and quantified.

Ultrasound Contrast Agents; Dynamic PhysicalBehavior and BioeffectsW. D. O'Brien, Jr.,*P. Laugier* (Université Pierre et Marie Curie,UMR C.N.R.S. 7623, Paris)University of Illinois-Centre National de Las RechercheScientifique Collaborative Research Program


The objective of the program is to develop a collaborativeinteraction between the two research groups that willinvestigate the physical interaction mechanisms betweenultrasound and contrast agents. The two research programsare the Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, University ofIllinois and Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramètrique,Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France.Both research programs have contributed significantly tothe capabilities of diagnostic imaging. During the lastdecade, ultrasonic contrast agents have provided clinicalultrasonic imaging with a new and powerful capability toimage structures not previously possible. These agents aremade of small microbubbles (< 5 µm in diameter) that areadministered into the vascular system of the body toenhance ultrasound image contrast. Ultrasound contrastagents are used as adjuncts in routine ultrasoundevaluations to enhance sonographic contrast and thusincrease the opportunity for early detection, diagnosis, andtreatment of a variety of disease processes including heartdisease and cancer. Concerns about the potential bioeffectsof inertial cavitation associated with the interaction ofultrasound with contrast agents in human beings have beenreported. The center topic involved in this cooperativeprogram between the two research programs is theconnection between bioeffects and the bubbles responsesto ultrasonic insonification.


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Ultrasound-Induced Lung Damage AssessmentW. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* L. A. Frizzell;J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), D. G. Simpson (Statistics),R. J. Miller, J. P. [email protected] Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung andBlood Institute, HL58218


The objective of this interdisciplinary research program isto evaluate a significant ultrasound-induced biologicaleffect of lung tissue. It is known that diagnostic ultrasoundexposure conditions can produce damage to lung tissue ina limited number of animal species. Thus, the emphasis ofthe program is to conduct both experimental and theoreticalevaluations in order to develop a fundamentalunderstanding of the mechanisms responsible forproducing lung damage and from this understandingprovide a best-case extrapolation to the likelihood ofsimilar damage in humans.

Ultrasound-Induced Tissue Damage AssessmentW. D. O'Brien, Jr.;* J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.),M. L. Oelze, D. G. Simpson (Stat.)[email protected] Institutes of Health, National Institute ofBiomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; 2 R37 -EB02641-09

A critical medical concern is whether the application ofultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in humans adverselyaffects the vasculature. Contrast echocardiographycontinues to be widely used as a very beneficial clinicaltechnique. Yet, it appears that the FDA is uncertain aboutthe safety and/or effectiveness of UCAs and appears to bewaiting until more is known about the device risk of theseagents (e.g., inertial cavitation) as opposed to the metabolicrisk (like a drug). It thus appears that the greatest risk facingUCAs is the lack of ultrasound bioeffects/biophysics-based knowledge. Extensive ultrasound bioeffects/biophysics expertise, along with pathology and animalmodel expertise, will be used to determine whether theinteraction of ultrasound with UCAs is a significantmedical problem in humans.

Biomaterials Characterization with High-FrequencyUltrasound Computed TomographyM. L. Oelze*[email protected] Corporation


The objective is to evaluate diffraction tomographyalgorithms applicable to soft tissue scattering, construct ahigh-frequency ultrasound computed tomographyscanning device, and evaluate model biological systems forscanning. An ultrasound frequency of up to 100 MHzyielding resolution of 12 to 15 micrometers will be used.Elastic properties of cell models, other kinds of tissues, andsynthetic biomaterials will be imaged and quantified. Thehigh-resolution, quantitative information that the high-frequency ultrasound computed tomography device canyield will be beneficial for many kinds of research intoproperties and functioning of materials.

Tumor Diagnosis through Enhanced UltrasoundImagingM. L. Oelze,* J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.),W. D. O'Brien, [email protected] Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute,F32CA96419


The objective is to develop and refine a fundamentally newapproach to enhance ultrasound imaging of biologicaltissues by the quantification of tissue microstructurethrough acoustic backscatter. This enhanced imagingtechnique will then be adapted for real-time in situ clinicaldiagnosis of solid tumors with the expectation of producingacoustic images that will provide an accurate diagnosis ofcancer. Use of enhanced ultrasound imaging is medicallysignificant because it offers a quick and noninvasive meansof detecting and classifying tumor types.


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Novel 3-D Histologic Methodology to IdentifyUltrasound Scattering Sites in TissueJ. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,*J. Mamou, M. L. [email protected] of Illinois Research Board


The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is toquantify microscopic tissue structures responsible forultrasound scattering. It is, in part, these microscopic tissuestructures that pathologists use to diagnose disease. Ourhypothesis is that tissue microstructure (e.g., size, shape,concentration, and ultrasonic properties) of pathologictissue (e.g., solid tumors) is measurably different from thatof the surrounding healthy tissues, thus providing imagecontrast. The approach is to construct 3-D microscopictissue models from normal and pathologic tissues, andfrom these computational phantoms, compare thetheoretical ultrasound scattering from 3-D acousticimpedance maps with experimental scattering results.

BioengineeringFluid Power Assistive OrthosesE. T. Hsiao-Wecksler,* A. Alleyne, E. [email protected] Science Foundation

In the United States alone, there are over 800,000individuals affected by gait disabilities caused byweakness of muscle groups below the knee. This project,which is a testbed project for the NSF funded EngineeringResearch Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power,will design novel ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) withembedded fluid power control and actuation that assist aperson's functional gait. Each design iteration will addressprogressively more complex gait pathologies, thusallowing for an evolution of advanced fluid powerconcepts, such as power harvesting and fast-responsesensing. Initial designs will utilize fluid-controlled(adaptive-passive) systems to correct for toe drop and footslap, helping to lift the foot during swing and initial footcontact during walking. Later advanced designs will usefluid-powered (active) systems to provide torqueassistance during the propulsive late-stance phase of thegait cycle. The testbed will demonstrate and integratecompact, efficient, and effective fluid power concepts in achallenging, untethered, human-scale device. The long-term goal is to develop and test a series of prototype devices

that will incorporate current thrust area projects, as well asdrive new enabling and systems technologies within thecenter. These technologies will follow an evolutionaryroadmap addressing the highest priority aspects of theoverall testbed first, and then integrating developmentsfrom other center projects as they come available over thelifetime of the center. This testbed will culminate withprototypes supplied to health care professionals andpatients for testing and evaluation.

Fluid Power Assistive OrthosesE. T. Hsiao-Wecksler,* A. Alleyne, E. [email protected] Science Foundation

In the United States alone, there are over 800,000individuals affected by gait disabilities caused byweakness of muscle groups below the knee. This project,which is a testbed project for the NSF funded EngineeringResearch Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power,will design novel ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) withembedded fluid power control and actuation that assist aperson's functional gait. Each design iteration will addressprogressively more complex gait pathologies, thusallowing for an evolution of advanced fluid powerconcepts, such as power harvesting and fast-responsesensing. Initial designs will utilize fluid-controlled(adaptive-passive) systems to correct for toe drop and footslap, helping to lift the foot during swing and initial footcontact during walking. Later advanced designs will usefluid-powered (active) systems to provide torqueassistance during the propulsive late-stance phase of thegait cycle. The testbed will demonstrate and integratecompact, efficient, and effective fluid power concepts in achallenging, untethered, human-scale device. The long-term goal is to develop and test a series of prototype devicesthat will incorporate current thrust area projects, as well asdrive new enabling and systems technologies within thecenter. These technologies will follow an evolutionaryroadmap addressing the highest priority aspects of theoverall testbed first, and then integrating developmentsfrom other center projects as they come available over thelifetime of the center. This testbed will culminate withprototypes supplied to health care professionals andpatients for testing and evaluation.


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BiomaterialsDevelopment of Nanoliter Calorimetry forBiomaterialsL. H. Allen,* T. Siaf, M. WheelerNational Science Foundation, EF 0304149

Miniaturized measurement instruments have beendeveloped in the field of MEMS. Their use in biologicalstudies will add a whole new dimension for investigationsin microbiology and protein research. The goal of thisproject is to measure processes in biology, such as thosefor protein folding and for ultrasmall volumes on short timescales, with a new technique made possible via MEMSmembrane technology. Our group has developed the mostsensitive scanning calorimetry device to date for materialscharacterization in metals and polymers—nanocalorimetry.

CircuitsArchitecture and CAD for 3-D FPGAs inNanotechnologyD. Chen*University of Illinois

Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory

Three-dimensional (3-D) chip integration is a promisingdirection for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) tomeet performance, power, cost, and size demands.Meanwhile, the application of novel nanoelectronicmaterials and devices has recently shed new light onbuilding future programmable devices in a large scale. Weexplore concurrently the optimization of architecture,CAD methodologies, and fabrication techniques takingadvantages of the latest nanotechnology advances. Ourresearch includes three key components: investigation anddevelopment of novel 3-D CMOS-nano hybrid FPGAarchitecture; design and development of novel 3-D-centricCAD algorithms and tools as well as a flexible 3-DnanoFPGA evaluation/exploration infrastructure; andfabrication and 3-D assembly of a 3-D nanoFPGAprototype to demonstrate the viability of the structure andto obtain sound analytical models to characterize delay,power, variation, and defect rate of the architecture.

Bridging the Gap between Compilation and BehaviorSynthesisD. Chen*University of Illinois


It has been shown that the code density and simulation timecan be improved by 10X and 100X, respectively, whenmoved to the behavior-level synthesis from RTL synthesis.Such an improvement in efficiency is much needed fordesign in the deep submicron era. This project works onnovel behavioral synthesis tasks taking advantage ofinnovative compilation techniques and high-levelsynthesis transformations. Especially, we are examiningthe following directions: compilation/synthesis fordomain-specific customized processors and instruction-less customized processors.

Modeling, Mitigating, and Tolerating Faults Due toParameter Variation in Multicores: AMicroarchitecture and CAD ApproachD. Chen,* J. TorrellasSemiconductor Research Corporation

Conducted in both Coordinated Science Laboratory andthe Siebel Center

As we move to 32nm technology node and beyond, themain challenge to multicore chip designers will be extremeparameter variation and the resulting chip unreliability.Specifically, the Within-Die (WID) variation of process(P), temperature (T) and supply voltage (Vdd—both dueto systematic and random effects—will make componentsintrinsically unreliable. The challenge for deep gigascaleintegration will be how to build reliable, high-performance, low-power multicore chips out of thesecomponents. We address these challenges with a novel andcrossdisciplinary approach that integratesmicroarchitecture and CAD techniques synergistically.Specifically, we have three objectives: modeling,mitigation, and detection/tolerance. We are modeling howvariation in Vt, Leff , tox, wire delay, Vdd, and T impactmulticore frequency, power, and on-chip communicationlatency; demonstrating novel microarchitecture and CADtechniques that mitigate the variation-induced errors; anddemonstrating novel microarchitecture and CADtechniques for detection and tolerance of variation-inducederrors.


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Novel Logic Synthesis for the New Challenges inFPGAsD. Chen,* M. WongAltera Corporation


Given the large capacity and density of state-of-the-artfield programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), the designs thatcan be implemented on these devices become increasinglylarge and complex. Many complex design issues arise, e.g.,designs with multiple clock domains and timingexceptions. Meanwhile, the continuous drive for highperformance and low power demands more efficient CADtools across various levels of the FPGA design hierarchy.In this project, we concentrate on a critical design stage forFPGA―logic synthesis. We cover three main thrusts:unified synthesis paradigm, synthesis with multiple clockdomains, and synthesis for glitch power reduction.

An Integrated Design Methodology for Low-PowerDSP and Communications SystemsI. N. Hajj,* N. R. Shanbhag,* S. BobbaNational Science Foundation, MIP-9710235

The goal of this project is to develop an integratedcomputer-aided design (CAD) approach for the design oflow-power hardware for digital signal processing (DSP)and communications applications. The approachincorporates high-level (algorithmic) and low-level(circuit) parameters and includes novel capabilities fordesign exploration and low-power circuit synthesis. Thedesign exploration will be done by developing low-powerconstrained algorithm design procedures that employ ananalytic relation between word-level and bit-level signalstatistics. The synthesis effort will incorporate signalstatistics, high-level hardware models, and algorithmtransformations to generate low-power dedicatedimplementation of DSP algorithms.

Compact, Scalable SCR ModelE. Rosenbaum,* J. Di [email protected] Semiconductor


SCR devices may be used for on-chip ESD protection. Theturn-on delay and holding voltage are highly layoutdependent. We are developing a compact, scalable modelof the SCR for circuit simulation purposes.

Full-Chip Simulation of Charged Device Model ESDE. Rosenbaum,* J. Lee, F. [email protected]

The capability to perform circuit simulation of ESD eventsincreases the number of parts that pass ESD qualificationon the first try. The charged device model (CDM) bestrepresents yield reducing events that occur in modernfactories. The CDM represents the single pin discharge ofa packaged chip that is at a potential hundreds of voltsabove ground. We are investigating whether sufficientlyaccurate CDM simulation results can be obtained usingonly a small simulation netlist that contains macro-modelsof the multiple discharge paths. The various powerdomains are linked through the substrate, and anappropriate model of it must be developed.

Highly Reliable Receiver Circuits for High-Speed IOLinksE. Rosenbaum,* N. Shanbhag,* A. Srivastava, A. Faust,K. Bhatia, R. L. [email protected] Research Corp.

We are applying communication theory to design ESD-protected, high-speed serial links. Links are expected toprovide data rates in excess of 10 Gb/s at a BER less than10-15, per-channel power consumption less than 100 mW,and a 3-KV HBM-ESD protection level.

Algorithms and VLSI Architectures for JointEqualization and DecodingN. R. Shanbhag,* A. C. Singer, S. J. LeeCCR-9979381; CCR-00-85929

This project explores efficient algorithms and architecturesfor joint equalization and decoding in high data-ratecommunications systems. Such systems suffer fromintersymbol interference (ISI) and noise. Conventionalapproaches separate the two functions of equalization anddecoding for historical reasons. Significant improvementsin bit-error rates are feasible if the two functions areexecuted jointly. Techniques such as turbo equalization arebeing explored where the equalizer and the decoderexchange soft information to enhance performance.Application of these new receiver techniques to broadbandcommunication systems such as very high-speed digitalsubscriber lines (VDSL) and wireless is being studied.


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Fluid IP Core GeneratorsN. R. Shanbhag, B. Lam, M. Zhang, B. ShimDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency

This project seeks to develop design techniques and toolsfor realizing custom-quality VLSI designs in synthesisquality design cycle times for DOD applications. The focusof our research is on datapath intensive broadbandcommunication subsystems, such as filters and FFT. Thedesign methodology includes an architecture optimizer anda layout synthesizer bypassing logic synthesis. Techniquessuch as device sizing, noise-tolerance (both at the circuitand algorithmic level), algorithm transforms, power, anddelay models are being incorporated into the coregenerator. The resulting circuit layouts are targeted to meetpower, delay, and reliability specifications.

High-Speed Architectures for Iterative DecodersN. R. Shanbhag,* M. MansourCCR-9979381; CCR-0085929

This research focuses on the design of high-speed iterativedecoders. Recently, turbo codes, low-density parity check(LDPC) codes, and related concatenated codes have beenproven to be extraordinarily effective in improving the bit-error rates on noisy communication links. Decoders forsuch codes are iterative and block-based, making highdata-rates difficult to achieve. These decoders are alsomemory intensive. Our research explores alternativedecoding algorithms that might be appropriate for low-power and high-performance VLSI implementations.

High-Speed IO SignalingN. R. Shanbhag,* G. Balamurugan, H. M. Bae,S. SridharaIntel

The goal of this project is to investigate solutions for datatransmission in the range of 5Gb/s–10Gb/s for inter-chipcommunications. The project involves the application ofcommunications and signal processing theory andtechniques to analyze high-speed I/O links. Until recently,design efforts have been focused primarily on transceiverelectronics without comprehension of the communicationchannel. In addition, no rigorous, comprehensive analysistechniques exist to analyze and predict the performance ofI/O signaling systems. By viewing the I/O link as a noisycommunication channel over which reliable informationtransfer needs to take place, the project proposes to developanalysis methods and explore design possibilities toaccomplish reliable energy-efficient high-speed datatransfer over inter-chip links.

Noise-Tolerant DSP in the Deep Submicron EraN. R. Shanbhag,* R. Hegde, L. Wang, G. BalamuruganNational Science Foundation, CCR-9902745

This research addresses the design of reliable and energy-efficient DSP systems in deep submicron (DSM) SMOStechnology in a unified manner via the development ofnoise-tolerant algorithmic and circuit design techniques. Inparticular, circuit design techniques that tolerate leakage,crosstalk, ground bounce, and process variations are beingdeveloped. Algorithmic approaches that exploit thestatistical structure of multimedia signals to combat DSMnoise are also being studied. A design methodology isbeing formulated that jointly applies circuit andalgorithmic noise-tolerance techniques to achieve anoverall level of system reliability while minimizing energy.

VLSI Architectures for Soft Decoding of Reed–Solomon CodesN. R. Shanbhag,* R. Koetter, R. Blahut, A. AhmedCCR-0073490

This project investigates high-performance architecturesfor soft decoding of Reed–Solomon codes. Reed–Solomoncodes are commonly employed to enhance the reliabilityof broadband communications links. Reed–Solomondecoders used in practice today employ hard-decisiondecoding. Soft decision decoding of Reed–Solomon codescan provide significant coding gains over hard-decisiondecoders. Soft decision decoding algorithms arecomputationally complex and hard to implement in VLSI.This research explores algorithmic and architecturaltechniques to design soft decision Reed–Solomondecoders for high-data rate communication systems.

CAD for VLSI Manufacturability and ReliabilityM. D. Wong*National Science Foundation

In nanometer-design technologies, computer-aided designsoftware must consider manufacturability and reliability.In this project, we focus on the development of theoriesand prototype systems for solving problems in the designfor manufacturability and reliability area. Research topicsinclude lithography-aware design tools, fast reticleenhancement techniques (OPC, PSM, OAI, and such), andlayout optimization for CMP.

Routing for High-Performance VLSI PackagingM. D. Wong*IBM

In this project, we develop a complete routing system forhigh-performance circuit boards. The type of high-endboards targeted in this project is generally completed using


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manual methods because of the complexity or density ofthe design. The goal is to create a system that will eithercompletely remove the need of manual routing orsignificantly reduce the effort of manual routing. Such asystem will dramatically reduce the design time for state-of-the-art, high-performance complex boards.

CommunicationsFair Scheduling and Admission Control for Shared-Channel Wireless Packet NetworksV. Bharghavan,* R. Srikant,* S. Shakkottai, A. EryilmazNational Science Foundation

Fair scheduling of traffic sources in wireless networks isdifficult due to bursty channel errors and location-dependent channel capacity. In this project, researchersstudy MAC, scheduling and admission control algorithmsfor indoor and outdoor wireless networks that allocate theavailable bandwidth in a fair manner to competing sources.

High-Performance Decoding of Algebraic CodesBeyond their Packing RadiiR. Blahut,* N. Shanbhag, R. KoetterNational Science Foundation, CCR-0073490


The objective of this research is to investigate practical andtheoretical aspects of interpolation/factorizationalgorithms that were pioneered by M. Sudan for decodingbeyond half the minimum distance of Reed–Solomon,Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH), and algebraicgeometry codes. The research has two main thrusts. Thefirst is the characterization of the decoding algorithm andits complexity or performance trade-off, together withsubsequent improvements in the decoding of BCH andalgebraic geometry codes; these are at the theoretical coreof this proposal. The second main thrust is the developmentof efficient computational architectures for implementingthe algorithms and the demonstration of the feasibility andpracticality of very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI)implementation of decoders that will dramaticallyoutperform the decoding algorithms used in currentcommercial communications and storage systems.

Codes on Graphs, Factor Graphs, and IterativeAlgorithmsR. Koetter*National Science Foundation Career Award, CCR99-84515

The primary focus of this research is the investigation ofcreative new methods for reliable transmission of

information in the context of modern error-controltechniques. Error-correcting codes are an essential part ofmodern communication and storage systems and much oftoday's technology would not be possible without them.This study is focused on graph-based, iterative decodingalgorithms, which, without doubt, are one of the mostsignificant coding-theoretic developments of the lastdecade. The goal of the investigator's research is to developa broad, analytical, and constructive approach to researchand education, unifying graphical models, coding theory,and iterative algorithms. The interplay between codes ongraphs and other areas, like iterative graph-basedalgorithms, system theory, and network informationtheory, is in the focus of this investigation with the goal ofdiscovering and utilizing fundamental connectionsbetween these fields.

High-Performance Short Iterative CodesR. Koetter*Motorola, Inc.

This project aims at developing excellent codes forapplication requiring short- to moderate-length (64 bits to<1,000 bits) codes. Traditional coding schemes for theselengths rely typically on algebraic constructions orconvolutional codes. Researchers strive to make thetremendous gains achievable for long blocklengths(>10,000 bits) by turbo and other iteratively decodablecodes available for much shorter code length.

Unwrapping Phase Images: Theory and ApplicationsUsing Probabilistic Inference TechniquesR. Koetter,* B. Frey, D. MunsonNational Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719

Phase unwrapping in two-dimensional topologies is asignal processing problem that has been studiedextensively over the past 20 years and has importantapplications, such as medical imaging and syntheticaperture radar. However, despite its importance in scienceand engineering, to date, phase unwrapping in two-dimensional grids has remained an essentially unsolvedproblem. This research takes a fresh approach to theproblem using methods from probabilistic inference. Thework not only holds the promise of resulting in powerfulphase unwrapping schemes based on the sum-productalgorithm and structured variational methods, but also hasthe potential to provide deep theoretical insight into the ill-posed nature and solvability of the phase unwrappingproblem. Such an insight is extremely important forguiding the development of practical algorithms.


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Communication over Dispersive Wireless Channels:Theory and Methods Based on Physical PrinciplesV. V. Veeravalli,* J. Chen, C. Lin, V. Raghavan,V. AnnapureddyNational Science Foundation, CCF0431088


The research in this project is aimed at exploiting anangular (virtual) representation of multi-input multi-output(MIMO) wireless channels to design and analyze newcommunication schemes for these channels. The projecthas three broad thrusts: accurate statistical channelcharacterization in the spatial, temporal, and spectraldimensions, and reliable estimation of the essential channelparameters in the angular domain; exploitation of virtualchannel structure in determining the channel capacity ofdispersive wireless channels, and in designing coherentand noncoherent coding and modulation schemes; andleveraging the virtual representation for efficient sharingof signal dimensions in time-frequency-space amongmultiple users.

Design and Analysis of Sensor Networks for StatisticalInference ApplicationsV. V. Veeravalli,* J. Fuemmeler, S. R. SrinivasanMotorola Communications Center, RPS-28


This goal of this project is to explore applications of sensornetworks in the following areas of interest to Motorola:early warning and prediction of failures in machines andother large structures; government and enterprise mobilitysolutions (GEMS) applications such as fire-fighting andrescue operations; industrial process monitoring; andindustrial work in progress (WIP) tracking for assemblylines.

Design Principles for Wideband WirelessCommunicationsV. V. Veeravalli,* A. MantravadiCornell University, NSF CCR-9980616

This research is aimed at enhancing the performance ofwideband wireless multi-access systems by optimizingtradeoffs between coding and spreading, capitalizing onadvantages afforded by spatial diversity, and developingtechniques for accommodating multirate users.

New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality andCapacity of Wireless Communication SystemsV. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang,N. WangNational Science Foundation, Faculty Early CareerDevelopment, Presidential Early Career Award forScientists and Engineers, CCR-0049089

The research in this project is directed toward thedevelopment of future generation multimedia wirelesscommunication systems. Specifically, the research spansthe following four areas: wireless channel modeling andanalysis; information theory for wireless systems; wirelessCDMA systems; and dynamic radio resource management.

New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality andCapacity of Wireless Communication SystemsV. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang, J. Chen,C. Lin, J. Fuemmeler, J. UnnikrishnanNational Science Foundation, Faculty Early CareerDevelopment, Presidential Early Career Award forScientists and Engineers, CCF0049089


The research in this project is directed toward thedevelopment of future generation multimedia wirelesscommunication systems. Specifically, the research spansthe following five areas: wireless channel modeling andanalysis; information theory for wireless systems; wirelessCDMA systems; dynamic radio resource management, andsensor networks.

Research at the Frontier of the Physical LayerV. V. Veeravalli,* R. Prakash, K. C. ReddyNational Science Foundation, CCR-0049085

The research conducted under this grant has a broadperspective from the viewpoint of the physical medium inthat it covers wireline (twisted pair or a coaxial cable);wireless (satellite, cellular/PCS, or wireless local areanetwork, WLAN); and recording, (magnetic or opticaldisc) media. The research has a narrow focus in that theproblems addressed all involve some form of forward errorcontrol (FEC). A major component of the project is oncoding and information theory for wireless CDMAsystems.


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Spatial-Temporal Nonlinear Filtering withApplications to Information Assurance andCounterterrorismV. V. Veeravalli,* V. Raghavan, J. FuemmelerDOD Army Research Office FY06 MURI Program onSpatial-Temporal Event Pattern Recognition,W911NF-06-1-0094


The objective of this project is to develop new statisticalmethods for spatial-temporal event and pattern recognitionwith applications to information assurance and counter-terrorism. Specific problems of interest include quickestchange detection and energy-efficient tracking indistributed sensor networks.

Communications NetworksITR: Diagnosis and Assessment of Faults,Misbehaviors, and Threats in Distributed Systems andNetworksC. Hadjicostis,* R. S. Sreenivas, K. Thulasiraman,C. BeckNational Science Foundation

The proposed research develops theory and techniques formonitoring and diagnosing faults, hazards, or moregenerally, functional changes in dynamic systems andnetworks, under limited and possibly corruptedinformation. We present a unifying and multifacetedapproach to this problem that decomposes the large bodyof fault diagnosis research into six topics: deterministicfault diagnosis, model-based probabilistic diagnosis,adaptive and sequential diagnosis, distributed system-leveldiagnosis with communication constraints in wired/wireless networks, fault diagnosis via distributed beliefpropagation algorithms, and model-independent diagnosis.The research involves a synergy of several areas, includingfault diagnosis, sequential detection, system-leveldiagnosis, distributed control, modeling, analysis andperformance evaluation, applied probability, graph theory,belief propagation and model reduction to the problem ofdetecting, and identifying and localizing faults andabnormalities in dynamically evolving environments.

Computer Architecture and CompilersCompiler Support for Performance Modeling ofParallel and Distributed ProgramsV. Adve*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97-C-8533

Conducted in the Digital Computer Laboratory

Researchers are developing compiler techniques thatenable fast, accurate, and automatic performance modelingof highly scalable applications. One focus of this effort isa compiler-generated program representation that allowsone to automate a wide range of analytical, simulation, andhybrid models of parallel programs. A second focus is touse additional compiler analysis, together with thisrepresentation, to enable efficient simulation of highlyscalable applications. One such compiler techniqueachieved 10-2000x reduction in memory usage and 2-10xreduction in simulation time for the simulation of largemessage-passing programs. This work is part of a broadercollaboration with five other universities.

GRACE: A Cross-Layer Adaptation Framework forSaving Energy in Mobile Multimedia DevicesS. Adve,* A. F. Harris, C. J. Hughes, D. L. Jones,R. H. Kravets, K. Nahrstedt, D. G. Sachs, V. Vardhan,W. YuanAMD Corp.; National Science Foundation,CCR-02-05638, EIA-02-24453


Mobile devices that primarily process multimedia data areexpected to become a dominant computing platform for avariety of application domains. Their design must considerdemanding, dynamic, and multiple resource constraints,with energy as a first-class resource. However, the abilityof multimedia applications to trade off output quality forsystem resources offers an opportunity for the design ofsystems where each system layer can adapt in response toresource or application changes. Reaping the full benefitsof a system with multiple adaptive layers, however,requires a careful coordination of those adaptations. Thisproject is developing a cross-layer adaptive system andframework to reduce energy consumption while preservingapplication quality within available computation andbandwidth resources. The final system prototype willintegrate adaptations in the hardware, network, operatingsystem, and application layers, opening up sources ofenergy savings not possible before.


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SAFECode: A Compiler System for Enforcing MemorySafety in C ProgramsV. Adve,* D. Dhurjati, S. KowshikNational Science Foundation, EIA-00-93426,CCR-02-09202, and CNS-04-06351;SRC MARCO/DARPA consortium

Programming errors that lead to illegal memory accessesare a dominant source of vulnerabilities that lead to securityviolations in modern computer systems. Such errors caninclude buffer overruns, dangling pointer errors, andothers. The SAFECode compiler automatically transformsprograms to prevent all kinds of memory errors inproduction code, through a combination of static and run-time checking. For safety techniques used in productioncode, the run-time checking introduces very lowoverheads. These low overheads are made possible by anovel approach for making hard-to-find errors harmless,without actually eliminating those errors. The compileralso ensures that a specific approach to program analysiscan be made sound, despite the presence of hard-to-detecterrors, enabling static checking and verification tools togive guarantees of soundness for the properties they claimto prove. SAFECode also provides additional techniquesfor debugging difficult-to-find errors like danglingpointers, through more expensive but complete techniques.

Secure Virtual Architecture (SVA): CompilerTechniques for Operating System Security andReliabilityV. Adve,* A. Lenharth,* J. Criswell, D. DhurjatiNational Science Foundation, EIA-00-93426,CNS-04-06351, CCF-04-29561; DARPA/MARCOGigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC)

Despite major developments in technologies for systemsecurity and reliability, today's operating systems and userprocesses remain vulnerable to an extensive range ofattacks. At the root cause of such vulnerabilities is animportant class of bugs: implementation errors, e.g.,memory access errors or missing security checks. Theseare not addressed even by powerful, security-consciousdesign approaches like security kernels or virtual machinemonitors. Moreover, design weaknesses in legacy kernelscan magnify the potential risk when a successful exploitoccurs, e.g., allowing device drivers or other kernelextensions to operate with full privilege within the kerneladdress space. This project is developing a compiler-basedvirtual machine (Safe LLVA) that is capable of hosting astandard C/C++-based operating system and all itsapplications, and exploring how this organization canimprove overall system security and provide new securitycapabilities. Such a virtual machine can apply a range of

compiler-based safety checking techniques on legacykernel code. The immediate goal of this work is to applycompiler-based techniques for memory safety from theSAFECode project to kernel code to prevent attacks viamemory access errors. More broadly, the combined systemwill also address techniques for reducing kernelimplementation errors, improving application security byenforcing least-privilege, and protecting criticalapplication data from the kernel even if it is compromised.

Virtual Instruction Set Computers (VISC)V. Adve,* R. Bocchino, J. Criswell, D. Dhurjati,T. Lattner,National Science Foundation, EIA-00-93426, CCF04-29561; DARPA/MARCO Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC)

Virtual Instruction Set Computer (VISC) architecturesdefine two separate instruction sets (one to serve as therepresentation of stored programs, and another to controlthe hardware), and use a hardware-specific translationlayer to optimize and execute code on the hardware. Thisapproach lends great flexibility to hardware and compilerdesign, enabling close cooperation between the translatorand the microarchitecture on each individual chip (sinceeach distinct processor design has its own specifictranslator). This is because the hardware instruction set canexpose microarchitecture details to the translator and,conversely, can rely on the translator to produce code withpredefined assumptions. This project is defining a novelvirtual instruction set for VISC architectures called LowLevel Virtual Architecture (LLVA) and a translationstrategy that permits both offline and online translation ora combination thereof. The project is also exploringcompiler and architecture techniques to exploit the VISCframework with the rich virtual instruction set forimproved processor performance and reliability.

The LLVM Compiler SystemV. Adve,* R. Bocchino, M. Brukman, J. Criswell,D. Dhurjati, B. Ensink, A. Evlogimenos, B. Gaeke,T. Lattner, A. Lenharth, B. Pankaj, S. Sahoo, A. Shukla,J. StanleyNational Science Foundation, EIA-00-93426,CCR-02-09202, CNS-04-06351, CCF 04-29561; DARPA/MARCO Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC)

Modern applications are increasing in size, change theirbehavior significantly during execution, support dynamicextensions and upgrades, and often have componentswritten in multiple different languages. While someapplications have small hot spots, others spread theirexecution time evenly throughout the application. In order


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to maximize the efficiency of all of these programs,program optimization must be performed throughout thelifetime of a program, including compile-time, link-time,install-time, run-time, and "idle-time" profile-guidedoptimization between runs. The LLVM compiler projectprovides a framework to make "lifelong" program analysisand transformation available for arbitrary software, and ina manner that is transparent to programmers. The LLVMsystem retains key program information in a language-independent format that can be used for lifelongcompilation, and exploits this representation to provide aunique combination of capabilities. LLVM is availablefreely in open-source form and has attracted a largecommunity of active users and contributors in industry,academia, and the open-source community.

Compilers for Processors in MemoryD. Padua,* J. Torrellas,* J. LeeIBM Partnership Award

Processors in memory (PIM) technology integrateprocessor logic and DRAM in the same chip. The goal ofthis research is to explore compiler techniques forFlexRAM, a computer system that consists of a commodityhost microprocessor and several PIM chips. The researchteam is exploring compiler techniques to identify macro-operations (such as vector operations) from the sourcecode. The strategy is to partition the source code intoseveral functions based on the profitability of running thefunctions on the PIM chips or the host processor. Thisresearch encompasses performance prediction, parallelismextraction, cache locality enhancement, synchronizationoverhead reduction, and load balancing.

Macroscopic Data Structure Analyses andTransformationsV. Adve;* Q. Yi, K. Kennedy (Rice Univ.)U.S. Department of Energy ASCI Academic StrategicAlliances Program, B347884


Managing performance on deep memory hierarchies iswidely considered to be a critical open problem for high-performance systems. This research team is exploring anovel class of compiler transformations that providesimproved locality at multiple levels of memory hierarchysimultaneously. The transformations exploit the propertythat recursive algorithms have identical reuse patterns ateach level of recursion, providing a hierarchy of workingsets. Researchers are developing compiler algorithms totransform existing loop-based codes into efficientrecursive form automatically. Such a transformation haswide applicability, including automatic blocking for

multiple levels of cache hierarchy and improvingcommunication locality in shared memory codes.

Computer EngineeringAd Hoc Wireless Networks Utilizing Multirate andPower-Save CapabilitiesN. Vaidya*[email protected] Science Foundation, ANI 01-25859

Wireless communication technology has gainedwidespread acceptance in recent years. Wireless local areanetworks have come into greater use, with the advent ofthe IEEE 802.11 standard and availability of severalcommercial products based on this standard. An ad hocnetwork can be formed by wireless, potentially mobilehosts, without requiring the use of any fixed infrastructure,such as base stations. Such networks have manyapplications, including home networking, personal areanetworking, sensor networking, search-and-rescuemissions in remote areas, and other civilian as well asmilitary operations. Modern wireless devices are oftendesigned with the capability to transmit at different bit ratesusing different modulation schemes and to operate in apower-save mode to conserve energy. While such wirelessdevices can be built, there is not adequate research onperformance of ad hoc networks utilizing such devices.This project will, therefore, attempt to answer two broadquestions: How do we design wireless medium accesscontrol (MAC) protocols that exploit multirate and power-save capabilities in ad hoc networks? While there has beensome work on such protocols, this project is expected todevelop new techniques to utilize multirate and power-save capabilities. What is the impact of multirate andpower-save capabilities on performance on network layerand transport layer? The project will study the interactionbetween wireless device capabilities and upper layerperformance, and develop mechanisms to improveperformance of the various layers.

Wireless Wind Tunnel: A Testbed for ExperimentalEvaluation of Wireless NetworksN. H. Vaidya,* J. T. Bernhard, V. V. Veeravalli,R. K. Iyer, P. R. [email protected] Science Foundation, 04-23431

This project, evaluating protocols for wireless networksand developing scaling techniques for physicalenvironments, aims at deploying an anechoic chamber forinterference control, forming a testbed, referred to as the


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wireless wind tunnel (WWT). The uses of the testbed focuson: evaluation of wireless protocols (WP) in controlledenvironments, development of channel models suitable forsimulation-based evaluation of WPs, and evaluation oftechniques for scaling the physical environment tofacilitate realistic wireless experiments. The WWTaddresses some of the limitations based on computerevaluations resulting from the present insufficientunderstanding of channel and system models for wirelessnetworks. These are not well understood and brute forceaccurate simulation of the wireless environment are atpresent too complex. Existing hardware testbeds sufferfrom one or both of the following shortcomings:experiments often cannot be repeated due to interferenceby other wireless devices operating in the same frequencyrange, and the parameters of the experiment (such as themobility patterns of the mobiles and scatterers in theenvironment) are not fully controllable. This work impactsthe education mission, including coursework, laboratories,and student projects. The testbed will serve as ademonstration tool. New educational opportunities willopen involving experimental research providing bettertraining and motivation. Facilities will be made availableto a larger pool of researchers. Additional impact isexpected on communications systems in practice.

Construction ManagementNighttime Construction: Evaluation of Lighting Glarefor Highway ConstructionK. El-Rayes,* L. Liu, I. OdehIllinois Department of Transportation, ITRC-VD-H1

An increasing amount of highway repair and constructionwork in Illinois is being performed during the off-peaknighttime hours. Nighttime construction is advocated as away to mitigate the impact of construction operations onthe traveling public, shorten the duration of constructionoperations, and reduce the potential for work zone-accidents. However, nighttime construction operationsmay in fact be more hazardous for both drivers andconstruction personnel. Drivers often find difficulty inadjusting to the extreme changes in lighting levels whenentering a construction zone from a relatively darkroadway environment. The utilization and placement oflighting equipment to illuminate the work zone may causeglare for drivers and/or equipment operators. To addressthese challenges, the main objectives of this project are tosurvey existing types of glare measurement practicescurrently being used in the industry; develop practical toolsfor evaluating glare at nighttime construction sites and

evaluate their performance with selected lightingarrangements that are common to nighttime construction;and evaluate and recommend acceptable levels of glare thattake into account construction workers, the travelingpublic, and overall light reflection from the work zone. Theresults of this study are expected to provide IDOT with ascientific and objective approach for specifying therequired lighting standards in nighttime highwayconstruction projects.

Web-Based Management of Multiple Interdisciplinaryand Geographically Distributed Research ProjectsK. El-Rayes,* L. Liu, F. Pena-Mora, W. [email protected] Science Foundation, Mid-America EarthquakeCenter; University of Illinois

Conducted in the Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory

The main objective of this project is to develop a robust IT-based management system for engineering researchcenters to ensure the accomplishment of their research andeducational and outreach goals on time and within budget.To this end, a web-based system is being developed toenable remote and effective management of multipleinterdisciplinary research projects that are located indifferent geographic regions.

Automated Productivity and Progress AssessmentsUsing Digital Close-Range PhotogrammetryL. Y. Liu,* T. [email protected] of Illinois; Hewlett Packard; National ScienceFoundation


Construction productivity and progress assessments areamong the most challenging tasks of a construction project.Accurate measurements of productivity and progress playa critical role in the success of a construction project. Thisresearch project integrates digital close-rangephotogrammetry, computer vision, image reasoning, 3D-CADD, and computer databases to provide an automatedsystem for measuring construction productivity andprogress.

This research will impact how construction field data areprocessed and analyzed in the future.

Building Blackbox System for Emergency ResponseL. Y. Liu,* F. Pena-Mora, M. TsaiNational Science Foundation

This project explores the design and development of abuilding blackbox system that collects data from building


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systems to support urban rescue in manmade or naturaldisasters. This research will lead to smart buildings andstructures for construction diagnostics and inspection inaddition to information services during emergencyresponse.

Construction Object-oriented Process SimulationL. Y. Liu*[email protected] of Illinois


Simulation provides a practical means of analyzingconstruction processes to identify resource utilization andidleness, operation bottlenecks, productivity, andoperational costs. This research uses object-orientedprogramming to design a network-based discrete-eventsimulation system for construction process modeling. Allmodeling elements are implemented as objects withintegrated functionality of interactive computer graphicsand simulation. Models are constructed through a friendlygraphical user interface. Simulation is accomplished byhaving active objects send messages to one another. Thisparadigm of simulation system design can provide manyadvantages over traditional design, such as realisticresource tracking, precise simulation control, and linkagewith other knowledge-based expert systems.

This research will impact how we manage constructionprojects in the future.

Construction Project Productivity Time-SeriesMonitoring and PredictionsL. Y. Liu,* S. HwangUniversity of Illinois

This project investigates new applications of time-seriestechniques to better predict future productivityperformance and trends. By fusing historical and actualdata and factors from on-going projects, project managerscan better predict future performance and manageresources more efficiently for construction projects.

Construction Site Digital Data Collection DevicesL. Y. Liu*[email protected] of Illinois


This project develops a hardhat-mounted device thatcollects multimedia information, including video andsound, for construction inspection and documentation. Thedevice uses voice-activated control and allowsconstruction inspectors to walk hands-free at the project

site to document site conditions or problems. Narration,pictures, and videos can be taken and stored digitally intothe device and can be ported later into a database thatsupports project control and documentation. A heads-updisplay is used for synchronizing the camera direction withthe eyes. This device allows wireless, two-waycommunications where images can be transmitted to andfrom the host computer.

The project will lead to intelligent field automation in thefuture.

Construction Time–Cost Trade-Off Decision SupportL. Y. Liu,* S. A. Burns* (Indus. & Enter. Syst. Engr.)[email protected] of Illinois


Construction engineers face the challenge of selecting themost effective construction methods for tasks within aproject. Different methods, equipment, and crew sizes canbe chosen for tasks depending upon the contract time limitand budget. Not all tasks are of equal importance in aproject. Some tasks carry floats and can be delayed withoutimpacting the project duration. Some tasks are criticalbecause any delay on those tasks delays the project.Construction engineers may choose alternativeconstruction methods, smaller crew sizes, and lessproductive equipment at lower costs while maintaining thesame project duration. The purpose of this research is todevelop a generic algorithm for assisting constructionengineers in selecting optimal time–cost strategies tocomplete a project.

This new algorithm will support analyses of constructionplanning and controls, by lowering overall constructioncosts.

Real-Time Geometrical Tracking and ProductivityAnalysesL. Y. Liu,* Y. SuUniversity of Illinois

This project utilizes the real-time location data, via awireless communication network, from constructionequipment, materials, and personnel to supportproductivity analyses. The geometrical (x,y,z) and timedata are analyzed to automatically obtain insight intoresource bottlenecks and productivity problems.


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Sensor-Based Construction Quality Control andMonitoringL. Y. Liu,* C. Erickson, K. [email protected] of Illinois


This project investigates new applications of sensordevices (electrical, micro-electrical-mechanical, and fiber-optic) in construction quality control and monitoring.These sensors are imbedded in infrastructure componentsto collect data for monitoring the conditions and otherproperties relevant to safety and performance of astructure, such as a bridge, tunnel, or building.

The potential impacts of this research include a new andbetter approach to conduct construction inspections, moretimely responses to repair needs, and lower costs forstructure maintenance.

Control SystemsAdvanced Dynamic Modeling and Control of AirConditioning and Refrigeration SystemsA. Alleyne,* N. Jain, B. Li, T. McKinley29 Company Consortium: Air Conditioning andRefrigeration Center; National Science Foundation


This project develops a dynamic simulation-modelingenvironment that is suitable for closed loop control ofstationary and mobile a/c and refrigeration systems. Thefocus is on controlling quasi-steady transitions betweenoperating states, instead of startup and shutdowntransients, by modulating flow rates of both air andrefrigerant. It builds upon previous models by makingmore extensive use of physical parameters, based on resultsfrom other research projects. The model development issupported by a parallel set of experiments conducted in aflexible test facility.

Control of Fluid Power SystemsA. G. Alleyne,* S. Manwaring, S. TysonUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; NationalScience Foundation; Caterpillar, Inc.; U.S. ArmyResearch Office


The modeling and control of fluid power systems includeselectrical, mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumaticsubsystems. Various types of advanced controllers areapplied to these complex nonlinear systems. Applications

of these systems range from automotive engine systems toearth-moving vehicles to high-speed machine tool drives.

Control of Nonlinear SystemsA. G. Alleyne*University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


The control of various nonlinear mechanical andelectromechanical devices is studied. The techniquesapplied vary from standard linearization (Jacobian) to gainscheduling to nonlinear transformations (feedbacklinearization). The structure of the particular systems beingcontrolled is exploited to facilitate control. The applicationof this is directed to the control of various mechanicalsystems.

Control of Systems in a Dimensionless FrameworkA. G. Alleyne,* Y. Li, B. MorganUniversity of Illinois Research Board; National ScienceFoundation


This project examines the benefits of using dimensionlesssystem representations for control system design.Dimensionless system representations afford benefits forparameter identification as well as dynamic uncertaintyrepresentation. These benefits translate into better adaptivecontrol and robust control designs. Current investigationsexamine engineered systems, such as vehicles, as well asindividual subsystems and components.

Dynamic Simulation of Transport Refrigeration:Baseline ModelA. Alleyne,* N. [email protected] Rand

This project develops a dynamic simulation-modelingenvironment that is suitable for closed loop control ofmobile a/c and refrigeration systems. The project consistsof developing baseline dynamic models to be tested againstdata from our industrial partners. Additionally, real-timesystems will be developed to enable hardware in the loopsetups to test OEM controller hardware.

Dynamic Simulation of Transport Refrigeration:Baseline ModelA. Alleyne,* N. [email protected] Rand

This project develops a dynamic simulation-modelingenvironment that is suitable for closed loop control ofmobile a/c and refrigeration systems. The project consists


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of developing baseline dynamic models to be tested againstdata from our industrial partners. Additionally, real-timesystems will be developed to enable hardware in the loopsetups to test OEM controller hardware.

Microscale Robotic DepositionA. Alleyne,* P. M. Ferreira,* J. Lewis, D. Bristow,K. Barton, D. Mukhopadhyay, D. HoelzleNational Science Foundation, DMI-0140466


The objective is to develop new materials systems,manufacturing systems, control, and planning algorithmsrequired for microscale robotic deposition (m-RD) ofcolloidal gels. An integrated approach will be directedtoward the fabrication of 3-D periodic structures (featuresizes less than 10 mm) required for emerging photonicapplications. Such novel structures provide the opticalanalogues to semiconductor materials at length scalesrelevant for optical communication and computingtechnologies.

Nano-CEMMS Systems Integration Testbeds for theMicro- and MacroscaleA. G. Alleyne,* P. M. Ferreira, D. Mukhopadhyay,K. Barton, R. Khanapure, B. Helfrich, X. XiaoNational Science Foundation, Nanoscale Science andEngineering Center, DMI-0328162


This work relates to the Center for Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical- Mechanical Manufacturing Systems (Nano-CEMMS). We are developing systems integration toolsand testbeds for rapidly identifying potential bottlenecksin the confluence of different core technologies associatedwith our nanoscale manufacturing efforts. The tangibleresults of this project will be the development of the earliesttestbeds that are representative of the fully functionalNano-CEMMS system as it is currently envisioned.Additionally, this project will provide systems-levelplanning and guidelines for the development of the overallresearch plan. The ability to provide planning input willgrow throughout the project as better knowledge andunderstanding of the overall systems-level issues aredeveloped.

A Dynamic Simulation Model for the EnvironmentalControl Systems (ECS) on Combat VehiclesA. Alleyne,* T. [email protected] Dynamics Land Systems

This project develops a dynamic simulation-modelingenvironment that is specifically targeted for highperformance military cooling applications.

A Dynamic Simulation Model for the EnvironmentalControl Systems (ECS) on Combat VehiclesA. Alleyne,* T. [email protected] Dynamics Land Systems

This project develops a dynamic simulation-modelingenvironment that is specifically targeted for highperformance military cooling applications.

Hierarchical and Reconfigurable Schemes forDistributed Control over Heterogeneous NetworksT. Basar* (Elect. & Comput. Engr.); G. E. Dullerud;*C. Hadjicostis,* S. Hutchinson,*C. Polychronopoulos* (Elect. & Comput. Engr.);R. Srikant* (Indus. & Enter. Syst. Engr.);P. Voulgaris* (Aerosp. Engr.); C. Zhang, M. FarhoodNational Science Foundation, ITR 0085917

The research project deals with issues arising in controllinggeographically distributed complex real-time systems overa heterogeneous communication network. It is aimed atdeveloping the foundations of network-based control, fromtheory to applications. The overall objectives are thefollowing: the design, analysis, implementation, andperformance characterization of hierarchical andheterogeneous distributed control algorithms andmiddleware that are affected through hierarchicalheterogeneous networks comprised of wired and wirelesssubnets; and specification and implementation of networkservices and support required for the development anddeployment of distributed control algorithms overhierarchical heterogeneous networks.


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Cooperative Networked Control of Dynamical Peer-to-Peer Vehicle SystemsG. E. Dullerud,* P. Parillo; F. Bullo (Indus. &Enter. Syst. Engr.); E. Feron (MIT);E. Frazzoili (Aerosp. Engr.); P. R. Kumar (Elect. &Comput. Engr.); S. Lall (Stanford Univ.);D. Liberzon (Elect. & Comput. Engr.);N. A. Lynch (MIT); J. C. Mitchell (Stanford Univ.);S. K. Mitter, E. Modiano (MIT); B. Reznick (Math.);M. Viswanathan (Comput. Sci.)U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; DefenseAdvanced Research Projects, Multidisciplinary ResearchPrograms of the University Research Initiative,F49620-02-1-0325

The proliferation of computing and wirelesscommunication technology has opened up tremendouspossibilities for deploying large cooperative networks ofsmart vehicles to perform intricate and complex missions.It is evident that collaborative teams of aerial and groundvehicles can perform a plethora of highly beneficial tasksfor achieving military objectives and civilian security. Themajor objective of our consortium is the development of arigorous theoretical foundation, and scalable analyticaltools and paradigms, so that systems can be systematicallyconstructed and their performance formally verified. Moregenerally, the activity of this program can be expected tohave a dramatic impact on understanding and designinglarge-scale, robust, real-time distributed systems. Ourgoals are to make use of recent algorithmic developmentsto provide hard performance guarantees and bounds forsystems performing sophisticated tasks in uncertain anddynamic physical situations.

Architectures for Secure and Robust DistributedInfrastructuresS. Lall* (Stanford Univ.); C. Beck (Indus. &Enter. Syst. Engr.); S. Boyd (Stanford Univ.);J. Doyle (California Technical Univ.); G. E. Dullerud;*C. Hadjicostis (Elect. & Comput. Engr.); B. Lesieutre,M. Medard (MIT); B. Prabhakar (Stanford Univ.);R. Srikant (Indus. & Enter. Syst. Engr.);C. Tomlin (Stanford Univ.); G. Verghese (MIT);V. Vladimerou, D. KingU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-01-1-0365

The major barrier constraining the successful managementand design of large-scale distributed infrastructures is theconspicuous lack of knowledge about their dynamicalfeatures and behaviors. Until very recently, analysis ofsystems has primarily relied on the use of nondynamicalmodels. These traditional approaches have enjoyed

considerable success while systems are run inpredominately cooperative and “friendly” environmentsand provided that their performance boundaries are notapproached. With the current proliferation of applicationsusing and relying on such infrastructures, theseinfrastructures are becoming increasingly stressed, and theincentives for malicious attacks are heightening.

A Normative Theory for the Design of Discrete EventDynamic SystemsR. S. Sreenivas*National Science Foundation, CNS-0437415

The goal of the project is to identify tractable synthesis ofsupervisory policies that control discrete event dynamicsystems such as: air-traffic control systems; automatedmanufacturing systems; computer networks; integratedcommand, control, communication and information (C3I)systems; and operations-management of multicomponentorganizations with event-driven dynamics like shipyards,airports, hospitals, and so forth. Despite the myriad anddiverse applications for DEDS, advances in core aspects ofsupervisory control of DEDS have not found applicationbeyond academia, primarily due to the fact that synthesisprocedures require complete specification of the desiredbehavior of the system, a difficult, if not impossible task.Even when complete specifications are available, thesynthesis of the appropriate supervisory policy can beintractable. This project develops a normative theory ofhow DEDS should be structured so that, starting from asupervisory policy that enforces an incompletely specifiedbehavior, progressive supervisory corrections can beapplied such that the (complete) desired specification iseventually enforced. The supervisory policy advocated bythis project is based on analysis of observed "desirable"and "undesirable" states of a system. This project focuseson three areas of DEDS. First is a learning phase: thedevelopment of learning algorithms for supervisorysystems where desired behavior can be easily learned/identified using examples/counter-examples. Second is asupervisory policy synthesis phase: the identification ofDEDS structures where learning is tractable. A third areaof DEDS is the progressive improvement phase: thedevelopment of methods for improving learned behaviorthat can be progressively improved with computationseffort as additional information is made available.


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Reliable and Robust Control of Formations ofUnmanned VehiclesD. M. Stipanović,* M. W. Spong*[email protected] Boeing Company

This project is to develop reliable and robust controlarchitectures and algorithms for networks of autonomousaerial and ground vehicles. The aim is to develop controllaws that have low sensitivity to noisy and lossy datacommunication among vehicles, that are scalable in termsof number of vehicles, and that have the ability to handlediscrete transitions in the network, such as formationreconfiguration, addition or loss of vehicles from theformation, and so forth. Applications of this work includeundersea and planetary exploration, search and rescue, airtraffic control, and control of sensor networks. Boththeoretical and experimental issues are being investigated.

Decision and ControlDynamic Team and Game Theory for CongestionControl in High-Speed NetworksT. Basar,* R. Srikant,* D. WiedenheftNational Science Foundation, ANI 98-13710

This project is related to NSF 98-13710, and involvesresearch for undergraduate students on various aspects ofcommunication networks, particularly in the area ofcongestion control.

Objective-Oriented Model Heterogeneous SensorNetworks for Coordinated ControlT. Basar,* T. Alpcan, C. Tang, S. YukselNational Science Foundation, ECS 02-25481

This is a multi-university research effort that focuses on acomprehensive study of large, mobile ad-hocreconfigurable networks for coordinated control. It drawson elements from coordinated control, dynamic stateestimation, ad-hoc network management, resourceassignment, and fault tolerance. Its aim is to provide aformalism in which the methods of sensor networking maybe integrated as part of a systematic design process focusedon achieving a specific control objective. Particular topicsof study at the present are robust H-infinity and risk-sensitive control and filtering in a receding horizonframework, performance-and utility-driven resourceallocation in networks, and control over networks usingdecentralized and distributed sensor information.

Smart Icing SystemsT. Basar,* W. R. Perkins,* P. Voulgaris,* J. Melody,V. SharmaNASA Glenn Research Center, NAG3-2135

This part of the larger interdisciplinary/interdepartmentalresearch program addresses the identification and controlresearch required to develop a smart icing system foraircraft. A smart icing system would sense the effect of iceaccretion on the aircraft performance and handlingqualities and provide information to the flight crew,operate ice protection systems, provide envelopeprotection, and possibly adapt the flight controls. Theresearch conducted here involves in-flight parameteridentification of aircraft flight dynamics utilizingexcitation generated by only natural (and not forced)maneuvers of the aircraft and turbulence. Subsequently,this information would be fed (along with other sensor-based data) into an appropriate neural network that would,in turn, lead to an accurate detection of the level of severityof ice accretion on the flight surfaces of the aircraft. Theultimate goal of this effort is to provide both the pilot andthe autopilot with needed information to improve the safetyof aircraft operating in icing conditions.

Cooperative Networked Control of Dynamical Peer-to-Peer Vehicle SystemsG. Dullerud,* F. Bullo, E. Frazzoli, P. R. Kumar,D. Liberzon, B. Reznick, M. ViswanathanDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, U.S. AirForce Office of Scientific Research, F49620-02-1-0325

The goal of this project is to develop systematicmethodologies for the reliable construction of cooperativenetworked multivehicle systems.

Architectures for Secure and Robust DistributedInfrastructuresC. Hadjicostis,* G. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Departmentof Defense, URI Award F49620-01-1-0365URI(subcontracted from Stanford University)

Within the context of a much larger project, this workfocuses on addressing the challenges that arise in regardsto distributed or hierarchical coordination, fault tolerance,safety, and scalability in emerging dynamic systems andnetworks. The initial goal of this project has been todevelop distributed estimation algorithms that can be usedin network monitoring.


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Designs of Robust Encoded Dynamic SystemsC. N. Hadjicostis,* G. [email protected] Force Office of Scientific Research, DoD URI AwardF49620-01-1-0365URI

This work analyzes the effects of roundoff noise on ourability to nonconcurrently detect and identify transientfaults that corrupt state variables during the operation of afault-tolerant discrete-time LTI dynamic system. Theanalysis provides insights that allow us to evaluate theperformance of established decoding algorithms usinganalytical techniques. It also leads to explicit bounds on theprecision needed in order to guarantee the correctidentification of the number of faults that have affected thesystem.

Diagnosis and Assessment of Faults, Misbehavior, andThreats in Distributed Systems and NetworksC. N. Hadjicostis,* Y. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 04-26831 ITR

This project addresses the problem of state estimation indiscrete event systems (DES) that are modeled by labeledPetri nets that may have both nondeterministic transitions(i.e., transitions that share the same label) andunobservable transitions (i.e., transitions that areassociated with the empty label). These techniques arepromising because they show that one can compute the setof consistent markings with complexity that is at mostpolynomial in the length of the observed label sequence.

Enabling Diagnosis of Faults and Misbehavior inHeterogeneous Networked Systems via StructuredRedundancyC. N. Hadjicostis,* T. [email protected] Corporation

This project aims to evaluate how the use of redundantsensors, actuators or, more generally, redundantinformation can enable efficient and gracefully degradablediagnosis algorithms for large networked systems. Insteadof focusing on how diagnosis can be performed for a givensystem or network, this project is interested in finding outhow small modifications in the system structure (e.g.,sensor or actuator allocation) or the communication linksand protocols can result in more efficient and robustdiagnosis algorithms.

Enabling Novel Digital Sequential Circuit Designsthrough Error Control and Noise ToleranceTechniquesC. Hadjicostis,* S. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR


This project is developing a framework for fault-tolerantconvolution using a polynomial residue number systemwith non-coprime moduli. These techniques are promisingin terms of the simplicity of the corresponding errordetecting and correcting mechanisms. We are specificallyinvestigating how these techniques, together withnonconcurrent error detection and correction techniques,can offer advantages in terms of hardware and timecomplexity.

Error Control in Switched Linear ControllersC. Hadjicostis,* S. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR

This project develops protection schemes for linear time-invariant (LTI) controllers in switched systems. Toleranceagainst internal controller faults is achieved viaembeddings that preserve the state evolution of the originalcontroller in some encoded form, but enable error detectionand correction through nonconcurrent (e.g. periodic)checks.

Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems:Economic and Environmental ConsiderationsC. N. Hadjicostis,* G. Deltas*[email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES

The goal of the proposed research project is to develop acomprehensive framework for studying reliability andsustainable operation of energy processing systems inregulated economic markets. The successful completion ofthis project can have potentially significant implications incharacterizing and evaluating the economic andenvironmental consequences of reliable designs for futurecommercial power generation and distribution systems.

Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems:Fault Tolerance ConsiderationsC. N. Hadjicostis,* L. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES

The main goal of this research project is to develop acomprehensive framework for dynamical state estimation,


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fault detection, and fault accommodation in energyprocessing systems. This includes terrestrial andautonomous power systems, as well as electric drives andpower electronic systems, as found in civilian and militarysectors. In particular, this project aims at makingconnections with traditional fault tolerance techniques bydeveloping distributed monitoring/correcting schemes andby explicitly accounting for the system dynamics beforeovercoming faults that affect the functionality of thesystem.

Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems:Effect of Packet Drops in Networked Control SystemsC. N. Hadjicostis,* H. [email protected] Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES

This research project deals with issues arising incontrolling and monitoring real-time systems overheterogeneous communication networks. The project aimsat studying the performance of variants of state feedbackcontrol schemes in a network setup where packets can belost or delayed due to deteriorating network performance.In particular, the project studies the tradeoffs that arisebetween system instability, noise level, link delay, andpacket dropping probability.

Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems:State Estimation in Switched Linear SystemsC. N. Hadjicostis,* S. [email protected] Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES

This project develops observer methodologies for switchedlinear systems that are driven by unknown inputs. Themethodologies are based on using (possibly delayed)outputs, and knowledge of the switching sequence and thesystem dynamics in order to decouple the unknown inputsfrom the observer error.

An Integrated Approach to Fault Tolerance inDiscrete-Time Dynamic SystemsC. Hadjicostis,* E. [email protected] Science Foundation, ECS 00-92696 CAREER

This project develops systematic approaches for modeling,detecting, identifying, and correcting faults in order toensure the proper functionality of discrete-time dynamicsystems or networks. The project takes a system-theoreticviewpoint and aims to characterize the fundamentallimitations of fault-tolerant designs by jointly exploitingsystem-, coding-, and information-theoretic techniques.

A Robust Control Approach to DigitalCommunicationsC. Hadjicostis,* P. Voulgaris,* R. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR 00-85917 ITR

This project develops a deterministic worst-caseframework for reconstruction of discrete (source) datatransmissions through dispersive communicationchannels. This framework can be explored based on robustcontrol ideas and formulations and serves as a complementto existing approaches that reconstruct data by optimizingprobabilistic criteria.

Data Centric Sensor NetworksJ. Hou,* P. R. Kumar, L. ShaNational Science Foundation, ANI 02-21357

Conducted in the Digital Computer Laboratory and theCoordinated Science Laboratory

This project investigates sensor networks.

Communicating Networked Control SystemsP. R. Kumar*U.S. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary ResearchProgram of the University Research Initiative,DAAD19-01010-465

The goal of this project is to investigate the modeling,analysis, design, and control of communicating networkedsystems of sensors and actuators on fixed and mobileplatforms.

Data Centric Sensor NetworksP. R. Kumar*National Science Foundation


This project addresses issues related to sensor networks,formed by nodes that can sense, wirelessly communicate,and compute.

Efficient Resource Management for ControlledMobility Wireless NetworksP. R. Kumar*National Science Foundation

This project addresses the design, development andoperation of networks that are mobile.


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Quality of Surveillance and ControlP. R. Kumar*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,Multidisciplinary Research Program of the UniversityResearch Initiative, N00014-01-1-0576

The objective of this proposal is to create a scientificfoundation for the distributed optimization problem ofsurveillance and control.

Towards a Theory of In-Network Computation forSurveillance and Monitoring in Wireless SensorNetworksP. R. Kumar*National Science Foundation

This project addresses the development of a theoreticalfoundation for sensor networks.

A Network Virtual Machine for Real-TimeCoordination ServicesP. R. Kumar*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F33615-01-C-1905

The goal of this proposal is the creation of a real-timenetwork coordination and control layer (middleware) thatabstracts, controls, and ultimately guarantees the aggregatebehavior of large unreliable networks such as thosecomposed of sensors and actuators.

Scalable Multilayer Control of Joint BattlespaceNetworksP. R. Kumar*U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-02-1-0217

This project addresses issues relating to communicationnetworks, both wireless radio and free-space optical.

Verification of Probabilistic Hybrid Systems: Stabilityand BeyondD. M. Liberzon*National Science Foundation, CNS-0614993

In collaboration with MIT; Conducted in the CoordinatedScience Laboratory

This collaborative project studies dynamical systemscharacterized by a combination of hybrid and probabilisticbehavior. Hybrid behavior is characterized by discreteswitching between system modes and continuousevolution within a mode. Such systems frequently arise ina wide range of applications, from power electronics andcommunication networks to economics and biology. In thisresearch, a new modeling framework for such systems isdeveloped, which supports external variables,

compositional reasoning, and nondeterministic as well asprobabilistic transitions. New stability criteria for suchprobabilistic hybrid systems are obtained. In contrast withexisting results, they are formulated in terms of twoindependent components: a family of Lyapunov functions(one for each continuous mode) and a slow-switchingcondition of an average-dwell-time type. This modularityhas the benefit of decoupling the search for Lyapunovfunctions from the verification of the desired properties ofthe discrete dynamics. The latter task is the focus of theproject, and is treated using two complementary methods:one based on proving an invariant property, and anotherbased on solving an optimization problem. Thesetheoretical results are supported by development of newsoftware tools.

Hybrid Control of Nonlinear SystemsD. Liberzon*[email protected] Science Foundation, ECS-0134115

The research and educational development plan proposedhere is aimed at designing hybrid control algorithms. In thisframework, a continuous-time process is controlled bymeans of logic-based switching among a family ofregulators. The closed-loop system is then called hybridbecause it combines continuous and discrete dynamics. Westudy several situations in which such a control paradigmis natural and helps overcome various shortcomings ofmore traditional control methodologies. The primary focusof this research is on systematic development of tools forhybrid control design, applicable to general and usefulclasses of nonlinear dynamical systems.

Multiple View GeometryY. Ma*University of Illinois

The goal of this project is to unify the study of geometryof multiple images into a simple and clean mathematicalframework where efficient algorithms and systems can bedeveloped for applications in computer vision, robotvision, computer graphics, cognitive science, and so forth.

Adaptive Methods for Heterogeneous WirelessServicesS. Meyn,* M. Medard, J. HuangNational Science Foundation, NSF CCR 99-79381, NSFITR 00-85929

With communication and computing systems becomingincreasingly pervasive, future systems will require theability to accommodate, in real time, wireless services tosupport a variety of applications ranging from traditional


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voice and paging services to nomadic computingapplications. Different services such as voice, or data, mayhave vastly different requirements in terms of burstiness,or rate and quality of service (QoS) requirements. Weconsider coding, routing, and traffic rate mechanisms toprovide smooth heterogeneous services to a variety of usersvia wireless access to a network.

Control Techniques for Complex NetworksS. Meyn*[email protected] Science Foundation, ECE-02-17836

In many application areas and in many scientificdisciplines, one seeks methods for managing complexityof man-made or real-world systems. Famous applicationareas include network management in production systemsand wireless networks; analysis of the stability of candidatepharmaceutical compounds; and the relationship betweenchromosomal and protein structure. This project concernsseveral interrelated approaches to managing complexity inlarge interconnected systems. Specific application areasaddressed in the proposal include phase transitions inmolecular models and resource allocation in large networkmodels.

Large-Scale Simulation of Manufacturing andCommunication SystemsS. Meyn,* S. Henderson (Cornell University)National Science Foundation, DMI-0085165

In the past decade, we have seen astonishing growth in boththe theory and application of queuing networks. Industryis driving research in communication and data networks,computer systems, and manufacturing systems.Semiconductor manufacturing plants and the Internet aretwo infamous examples of networks of almostunimaginable complexity. A powerful need exists formethods for deriving and evaluating operational policiesthat may be used to effectively drive these systems. Thisproject sets out to develop methods for control synthesisand evaluation for truly complex networks.

Visualization and Optimization Techniques forAnalysis and Design of Complex SystemsS. Meyn*National Science Foundation, ECS-0228251

This project concerns several interrelated approaches tomanaging complexity in large interconnected systems. Thefocus of this project is resource allocation in large networkmodels. A related project concerns phase transitions inmolecular models. This research will provide new design

methodologies and efficient approaches to simulation andonline tuning of control algorithms.

An Integrated Exploration of Wireless NetworkCommunicationS. Meyn*[email protected] Science Foundation, ITR-00-85929

This research studies the design of agile wireless networksthat accommodate time variations in the communicationchannels, the information sources, and the networktopology. The research will lead to design principles that,in addition to enabling more efficient use of the currentcellular and PCS bands, will allow exploitation offrequency bands in the 10-100 GHz range to provide high-speed multimedia services for both indoor and outdoorapplications.

Passivity-Based Control in Bipedal LocomotionM. W. Spong,* J. Holm, D. Herring, J.-S. Moon,A. Block, T. FilipiakNational Science Foundation Grant 0510119

The project explores bipedal locomotion in the context ofpassivity based hybrid nonlinear control. We areinvestigating speed regulation, the use of alternatepotential functions to increase the basins of attraction ofstable limit cycles, the effect of control saturation andunderactuation in passivity based control, and theefficiency of passivity based control methods compared totrue energy optimal control. The goal is to help solidify thefoundations of the field through analysis, development ofnew concepts, and the design of provably correct controlalgorithms.

Telemanipulation in Multi-Robot NetworksM. W. Spong,* D.-J. Lee, N. Chopra, P. Hokayem,S. Mastellone, K. Kunal, O. Martinez-Palafox,E. Rodriguez-SedaOffice of Naval Research, Grant N00014-05-1-0186

In this project, we are addressing fundamental issues incommunication, coordination, and teleoperated control ofmultiple agents in coordinated manipulation tasks. Whilemultiagent coordination and control problems such asswarming, flocking, and rendezvous have been studied byseveral researchers, much less work has gone into theteleoperated control of multirobot networks, especiallywhen the multirobot network is expected to engage in tasksinvolving both manipulation and motion coordination.Manipulation tasks require haptic and force feedback thatintroduce significant stability and transparency problems


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with respect to communication delay, packet loss, andother communication effects.

U.S.-France Cooperative Research: Passivity BasedControl of Networked Control SystemsM. W. Spong,* R. Ortega (CNRS, France)National Science Foundation Grant 0128656

This award supports U.S.-France collaboration in controlsystems between Mark W. Spong of the University ofIllinois and Romeo Ortega of the Signal and SystemsLaboratory at SUPELEC, a French center for research inelectrical engineering. The objective is to investigatepassive nonlinear control of networked control systems, inparticular, systems involving bilateral remote operation(teleoperation) over unreliable communication networks.The problem is motivated by interest in wirelesscommunication in imbedded real time control systems andthe use of the Internet as a communication medium inteleoperated and networked control systems.

Reliable and Robust Control of Formations ofUnmanned VehiclesD. Stipanovic,* M. W. Spong,* P. Hokayem, C. Burns,J. MejiaThe Boeing Company

This project is to develop reliable and robust controlarchitectures for networks of autonomous aerial andground vehicles. The aim is to develop control laws thathave low sensitivity to noisy and lossy data communicationamong vehicles, that are scalable in terms of number ofvehicles, and that have the ability to handle discretetransitions in the network, such as formationreconfiguration, addition or loss of vehicles from theformation, and so forth. Applications of this work includeundersea and planetary exploration, search and rescue, airtraffic control, and control of sensor networks. Boththeoretical and experimental issues are being investigated.

Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksN. Vaidya*[email protected] Science Foundation, ANI 01-96410

Mobile ad hoc networks are multihop wireless networks,with dynamically changing network topology. In thisproject, we investigate several protocol design issuescorresponding to routing, medium-access control, andtransport layers in mobile ad hoc networks. The focus is onperformance issues related to individual layers as well asinterlayer interactions.

TCP-Unaware Approaches to Improve Performance ofTCP Over Wireless LinksN. Vaidya*[email protected] Science Foundation, ANI-01-96413

The focus of this project is on TCP-unaware techniques toimprove TCP performance over paths that include wirelesslinks. The path from a TCP sender to a TCP receiverusually includes several intermediate nodes that may dropTCP packets if congestion occurs. TCP makes the implicitassumption that all packet losses are due to congestion.Since wireless links are prone to transmission errors, thisassumption is not accurate for TCP over wireless links.Nevertheless, TCP reduces its congestion window whenpacket losses due to transmission errors occur. Thisphenomenon is known to result in poor throughput for TCPover wireless links. This project investigates TCP-unawaremechanisms to avoid such TCP performance degradation.

Design Theory and MethodologyIntegrating Electrical, Economic, and EnvironmentalFactors into Flexible Power System EngineeringP. Krein, P. Chapman, M. Pai, P. Sauer (Elect. &Comput. Engr.); D. Thurston*National Science Foundation

A flexible power system is one in which redundancy andreliability are managed through localized control,distribution of energy sources, shifting among availablesources, treating loads as a potential resource foroperations and control purposes, and directing energy tothe most critical needs. This project seeks to establish afirm science-based framework for integrating electrical,economic, and environmental factors into flexible powersystem design.

Digital Signal and Imaging ProcessingEfficient Algorithms for Lossless Data and ImageCompressionY. Bresler,* D. BaronNational Science Foundation, CCR-0122293

In spite of the focus in recent years on lossy compressionof audio, images, and video, lossless data compressionremains crucial in applications such as text files,facsimiles, software executables, and medical imaging.Universal source coding algorithms, which deal withsources whose statistics are unknown, are of particularimportance. The main goal of this research is to develop


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algorithms featuring fast computation and low memoryuse, while providing compression quality near thefundamental theoretical bounds. The resulting algorithmswill have linear complexity and will be better than anycurrent algorithm with comparable asymptoticcompression performance, in terms of computation and/ormemory use. Some versions of these algorithms will alsohave simple structure, admitting fast hardwareimplementations. A special focus of this research is also onparallel algorithms that allow arbitrary speedup whilemaintaining the same compression quality.

Fast Algorithms for 3-D Cone-Beam TomographyY. Bresler,* J. Brokish, A. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR-0209203

In cone-beam tomography, projections are acquired by anarea detector, using a source of divergent rays traveling onone of several possible trajectories. It is already used incurrent PET and SPECT scanners and in nondestructiveevaluation (NDE) in manufacturing, and it will be the basisfor the next generation of diagnostic CT scanners. This willallow use of CT as a dynamic imaging modality for cardiacimaging, or for real-time surgical guidance in medicine, oras a high-throughput NDE system in manufacturing, or asa high-accuracy security baggage scanner in airports.Unfortunately, the high computational cost of currentcone-beam reconstruction algorithms constitutes a majorbarrier to their applications. We are developing new imagereconstruction techniques that require only computationsfor an image. These techniques can be 100 times faster thancurrent methods for typical images and promise toovercome the computational bottleneck in 3-D cone-beamCT, helping to make it a feasible and commercially viabletechnology for wide use.

Fast Algorithms for TomographyY. Bresler,* S. Basu, F. Charpentier, J. Brokish,A. GeorgeNational Science Foundation, CCR-9972980

Computerized Tomography (CT) is the principleunderlying most of the key diagnostic imaging modalitiesand many other imaging techniques, including syntheticaperture radar. We are developing new imagereconstruction techniques that require only computationsfor an image, as compared to computations for the currentmethod of choice, the filtered backprojection (FBP). Thesetechniques are orders of magnitude faster than FBP fortypical images and promise to overcome the computationalbottleneck created by new imaging technologies thatacquire large quantities of data in real time. Similar

developments are pursued for iterative and for 3-Dreconstruction.

Minimum-Redundancy Spatiotemporal MRIY. Bresler,* Z. P. Liang,* N. AggarwalNational Science Foundation, BES-0201876

Since its inception in the early 1970s, magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) has become a premier diagnostic imagingtool. Although its early applications were largely limitedto stationary objects, MRI has also proven extremely usefulin recent years for dynamic imaging applications, such ascardiac, functional, or interventional imaging. Animportant challenge confronting dynamic MRI (D-MRI) isto obtain both high spatial and high temporal resolution,with three dimensional imaging capability. The goal of thisresearch is to develop, implement, and test rigorously anew unified theoretical framework for minimum-redundancy D-MRI data acquisition and imagereconstruction. In this framework, dynamic imaging istreated as a higher-dimensional image reconstructionproblem, with time being an independent axis. Instead ofattempting to freeze all motion by sufficiently fastacquisition, time variation during acquisition is explicitlyaccounted for in the steps of MRI sequence design, dataacquisition, and image reconstruction. The approach drawson and extends theories and algorithms introduced by theresearchers over the past few years and offers the potentialfor significant speedups of the imaging process.Furthermore, combination of the theory and techniquesdeveloped in this project with fast-scan methods and withmethods based on phased-array RF coils will producecombined speedups, greater than any one of the individualapproaches.

Unwrapping Phase ImagesR. Koetter,* D. C. Munson,* Z. P. Liang*National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719

The primary goal of the project is to develop optimalalgorithms for the long-standing problem of unwrappingphase images from various imaging modalities such asSAR and MRI. Probabilistic inference algorithms will bedeveloped and tested using SAR and MRI as testbeds. Prof.Liang is responsible for phase unwrapping of MRI data.


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Brain Image Segmentation by Integrated MultiscaleAnalysis and Shape DeformationZ. P. Liang,* S. WangNEC Research Lab; University of Illinois Research Board


Brain image segmentation is an important and challengingengineering problem confronting brain mapping. Byaccurately segmenting gray-scale brain images intovarious brain structures, we will be able to effectivelyvisualize three-dimensional brain structures and carry outmeaningful neuromorphometric studies. The long-termgoal of this project is to develop and implement a unifiedprocessing software platform to effectively support variousinformation processing tasks in neuroimaging or brainmapping. The specific aim of the project is to capitalize onour recent, novel work on graph-based multiscale imageanalysis and shape deformation to produce an efficient,accurate, and reliable algorithm for identifying brainstructures from MR images. We expect to accomplish threespecific tasks during the project period: complete thedevelopment of a novel graph-theoretic algorithm formultiscale analysis of MR brain images; further develop,perfect, and validate a topology-preserving shapedeformation algorithm so that prior shape information ofbrain structures can be incorporated into the imagesegmentation process effectively; and integrate multiscaleanalysis with shape deformation for accurate segmentationof brain images and develop a prototype software systemto facilitate the application of the developed algorithms forpractical applications in brain mapping.

Model-Based Tomographic Imaging MethodsZ. P. Liang,* J. Ji, Y. Bresler*National Institutes of Health, R21 HL62336

The mathematical basis of tomographic imaging isconventionally rooted in the well-established Fourier orradon transform theories, so that image quality is mainlydependent on how the data space is sampled. In practice,physical and temporal constraints often prevent a sufficientcoverage of the data space, resulting in various imageartifacts, such as Gibbs ringing, resolution degradation,and various motion effects. This project is aimed atovercoming these problems by developing new model-based imaging techniques that can incorporate a prioriinformation into the imaging process effectively.Application of these techniques to cardiac imaging andfunctional brain mapping is also addressed.

Multisensor Information FusionZ. P. Liang, H. Pan, K.-Y. Cheng*[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency,MDA972-00-1-0020


This project is a component of research conducted in theCenter for Bio-Optoelectronic Sensor Systems (BOSS).The primary mission of this center is to develop sensor andprocessing technology for detection of biochemical agentsin battlefield situations. Prof. Liang is responsible fordeveloping statistical algorithms for multisensorinformation fusion.

Statistical Image ReconstructionZ. P. Liang,* C. Potter, B. CarragherNational Institutes of Health, RO1 GM61939


The primary goal of the project is to develop practicalimage reconstruction methods for high-resolution imagingfrom electron microscopy data, particularly in the presenceof uncertainties in data acquisition parameters (a projectionangle for example). We formulate the problem as astatistical parameter estimation problem by introducing aproper model for the object (for instance, a virus) to beimaged. This research effort promises to provide a brand-new solution to the long-standing problem in electronmicroscopy.

Electromagnetic Communication andElectronics PackagingCAD Tools for Communications MicrosystemsJ. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Lambalot, L. JiangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, AFECE0849

Recent developments in the area of wirelesscommunication systems and microelectromechanicalsystems (MEMS) have enabled the networking ofdistributed transducers in a wireless mode. It is nowpossible to integrate monolithic microwave integratedcircuit (MMIC) front-end modules with MEMScomponents such as antennas, switches, and filters. Ourobjective is to supply the necessary CAD tools to improvefirst-pass success and reduce design iterations for suchsystems. In particular, electromagnetic techniques are usedto model various MEMS switch structures. These are


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combined with simulation techniques to predict thetransient and steady state response of these components.The goal is to reduce the design cycle from several yearsto one week in the successful implementation of theseMEMS structures.

Design and Fabrication of MEMS Probe StationJ. Schutt-Ainé,* C. Liu, D. LambalotUniversity of Illinois Research Board

Recent advances in microelectronics have led toconsiderable reduction in size of components in integratedcircuits (ICs). Typical VLSI circuits have dimensions inthe submicron range and feature size that can be as low as0.25 microns. This reduction is a result of severalrequirements for higher density and shorterinterconnection delays. Future state-of-the-artmicroprocessors will accommodate more than a milliontransistors in an area of a few hundred squared millimeters.Along with these trends, several issues related to signalintegrity and testing have moved to the forefront. Withsubmicron dimensions, interconnect resistance hasbecome a major bottleneck in circuit performance, leadingto signal degradation and delays. In addition, measurementand testing in submicron geometries, which allows fordetermining the performance of the structure, is achallenging task. Nowadays, the methods employedconsist of fabricating special-purpose test vehicles forevaluation, which often require expensive mask processesand complex de-embedding schemes. This investigationproposes to implement a nondestructive testingmethodology for submicron integrated circuits using therecent advances in microelectromechanical systems(MEMS). More specifically, we intend to fabricate and testa microprobe structure that will permit the high-frequencycharacterization of submicron interconnects and devices inintegrated circuits.

Development and Modeling of Flip Chip andInterconnect Package Technology for Ka and W BandJ. Schutt-Ainé,* F. LiuNational Science Foundation, E-21-N50-G5

In collaboration with the National Science FoundationPackage Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology

The electrical performance of mixed-signal integratedcircuits strongly depends on the electromagnetic behaviorof the components within the system. Future wireless andpersonal communication links will be strongly influencedby these considerations. Currently, millimeter-wavemonolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under developmentin the 24-94 GHz range. In recent years, power distributionand parasitic noise control have become critical issues in

the design of these MMICs. Nowadays, with increasedfrequencies, interconnect schemes, layout, and powerdistribution have become mainstream design issues. It isnow recognized in the CAD community thatelectromagnetic effects will generally take place at theforefront and will represent the critical limiting factor ofMMICs performance. The collaborative effort betweenGeorgia Institute of Technology and the University ofIllinois focuses on developing the technology support forthe implementation of low-cost packaging solutions forMMICs. This is to be achieved by harnessing the modeling,simulation, design, fabrication, and measurementinfrastructure built over the past decade at these twoinstitutions.

Hardware Acceleration of Newton SolverJ. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Das Gupta, D. Prasanna, R. Gao,Y. MekonnenDemaco/SAIC

In this project, we plan to demonstrate the effectiveness ofimplementing a Newton solver in hardware on a PCI buscard. The effort focuses on the use of the TI-TMS320Cfamily of digital signal processor for the implementationof the solver. The implementation of fast Newton solver isto be first realized and tested before being implementedinto a digital signal processor. We plan to providedocumentation and interface requirements to allow usersto install the hardware card and utilize it from programs.

High-Frequency Measurements and Validation ofElectromagnetic Models in Scattering, Interconnects,and OptoelectronicsJ. Schutt-Ainé*U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF JS 1660

There is tremendous demand for increased capacity inhigh-speed communication networks and novelapplications in optical control of antenna phased arrays.With clock rates in the GHz range, interconnectconsiderations and electromagnetic phenomena havemoved to the forefront in the design of high-speedcomputers. Microwave modulation of optoelectronicdevices, such as semiconductor lasers and modulators,plays an important role in determining the high-speedperformance of these devices. Continuing development ofhigh-speed optical communication systems is contingentupon advances in high-speed sources and wavelengthconversion devices. While numerous theoretical modelshave been developed to predict ways to improve thesedevices, much experimental work remains in order toverify these models and characterize devices based on newdesigns. This project proposes the experimental validation


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of various computational models in inverse scattering,wave propagation, interconnects, and optoelectronics.Most of the emphasis will be on the higher frequency rangewhere measurement information is nonexistent. In recentyears, computational electromagnetics has receivedgrowing interest due to the availability of fast computersand the recent development of fast algorithms. Models thatallow the prediction of the most complex problems inscattering and wave propagation have been implemented.Unfortunately, the experimental verification of thesemodels is seriously lagging, especially at higherfrequencies where measurement accuracy andrepeatability are more difficult to achieve. This project willallow us to determine the frequency range of validity of thecomputational models and generate useful information forhigh-frequency operation of radiating, optoelectronics, andwaveguiding systems.

High-Performance Computing for the ElectromagneticModeling of Interconnects and PackagesJ. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Prasanna, R. GaoDemaco/SAIC

The electromagnetic modeling of packages andinterconnects plays a very important role in the design ofhigh-speed digital circuits and is most efficientlyperformed by using computer-aided design algorithms. Inthe past two decades, researchers in the electromagneticand microwave areas have worked to extend the knowledgeof interconnection properties. Their efforts have resultedin models and analytical methods without which thedevelopment of reliable design tools would be impossible.Packaging and interconnects nowadays represent a criticalarea for the design of high-performance digital systems.State-of the-art computational electromagnetic techniquesnecessitate large processing power and memoryrequirements. As the speed of high performance digitalcircuits increases, the full-wave characteristics ofinterconnects becomes important. The feasibility of usingthe finite difference time domain (FDTD) method forinterconnect parameter extraction had been demonstratedearlier. The main advantage of the FDTD technique is itsability to model complicated structures and to account forthe frequency dependence of the parameters. However, thecomputational efficiency and memory requirementsseriously limit the practicality of FDTD, especially forthree-dimensional problems. Recent advances indistributed and parallel computing require one to addressthe hardware-dependent aspects of these computationalissues. The Orion Project takes advantage of theavailability of low-cost PC components. Presently, mini-supercomputers can be built at a moderate cost by using

fast communication networks. Moreover, the availabilityof software libraries for distributed computing, such as theparallel virtual machine (PVM) and the message passinginterface (MPI), have rendered the software developmentwithin these environments easier.

Low-Cost Fully Monolithic RF Integrated Circuits forWireless ApplicationsJ. Schutt-Ainé*National Science Foundation, ECS-9979292

The performance of radio frequency (RF) integratedcircuits will strongly influence the versatility andportability of future wireless communication systems.With the ever-increasing demands for higher bandwidthand capacity as well as reductions in size, weight, and cost,the need for more robust and efficient RF circuits isexpected to increase. Currently, millimeter-wavemonolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under developmentin the 24-94 GHz range and will represent the platform forthe RF components of most wireless systems. With therecent advent of microelectromechanical systems(MEMS), new potentials are being discovered forapplications in the RF/millimeter wave ranges. In order toimplement RFICs for future wireless communicationsystems, several fundamental issues must be resolved.First, a design methodology must be devised and tested.Next, a low-cost solution for the integration of MEMStechnology into existing MMIC processes must bedeveloped as well as a reliable packaging scheme. Finally,a robust platform of design guidelines, tools, andcharacterization techniques must be made available toensure reliable implementation of these communicationsystems. More specifically, the effort will focus on thesetasks: developing a computer-aided design environmentfor the robust implementation of MMICs and MEMS aswell as the generation of reliable design guidelines;implementing a robust MEMS process for the fabricationof switches, filters, and tunable capacitors; integration ofMEMS components into a reliable and well-establishedMMIC process; devising a low-cost and reliable packagingsolution for RFICs. Executions of these tasks will make useof the existing infrastructure and expertise of the principalinvestigators in the related areas. These will define severaldesign-build-test cycles that will be optimized throughseveral iterations during the course of the project. Specialattention will be devoted to demonstrating the feasibilityof these various tasks. Moreover, a testbed prototype willbe implemented to validate the proposed flow and assessthe hardware advantages of the designed RFICs.


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Measurement and Test of Components for OpticalCommunication ApplicationsJ. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Angert, Z. DengXindium Technologies, Inc.

High-speed optical communication systems are presentlyimproving in speed in response to ever-increasingbandwidth requirements of users. Demand for high-speeddigital access will dramatically increase in the future,leading to many opportunities in this area. In order toeconomically meet the needs of future high bit ratesystems, significant changes to component and systemarchitectures will be required. Current commercial systemsoperating at 2.5 Gb/s (OC-48) data rates are implementedat present using discrete InGaAs photodetectorswirebonded to electronic integrated circuits for signalprocessing. At bit rates of up to 2.5 Gb/s, an InGaAsphotodetector or APD is coupled to sophisticated Si-basedelectronics with high levels of functional integration torealize photoreceiver modules that incorporate logicthresholding, clock and data timing recovery, anddemultiplexing functions in a single package. Advancedsignal processing, including coding and decoding for errorcorrection is also implemented in the transceiver circuitry.The objective of this project is the measurement of high-speed components to 50 GHz. The measurements areperformed in the Electromagnetics Laboratory, wherehigh-frequency and high-speed testing instruments areavailable.

Modeling and Simulation of Embedded TransmissionLine StructuresJ. Schutt-Ainé,* F. LiuRaytheon Systems

Embedded transmission line (ETL) structures havebecome very commonplace in many high-frequency andhigh-speed electronic systems; however, the analysis anddesign tools needed for their design are not readilyavailable. The objective of this effort is the modeling,extraction, and simulation of three-dimensional complexinterconnect structures embedded in multilayer structures.The focus of the work will be on the development ofsoftware tools that facilitate and automate the designer'stask. The tools will be based on recently developedelectromagnetic parameter extraction techniques todetermine the electrical parasitic capacitance andinductance coefficients of these structures. Theseparameters can next be used with efficient simulationalgorithms to predict the signal response of ETL structuresand provide information about noise immunity and high-speed performance. This will permit the generation of

reliable design guidelines as well as a significant reductionin the time to market.

National Course in Signal IntegrityJ. Schutt-Ainé*IEEE CPMT; National Science Foundation

Signal integrity has become a critical area in the design ofhigh-speed communications systems and fast computers.Many research areas have emerged from industry anduniversities to address issues related to electricalperformance. However, the educational infrastructure isseriously lagging. The goal of the National Course inSignal Integrity project (http://natcsi.ece.uiuc.edu) projectis to establish a web-based educational platform that willprovide the education necessary for aggressive packagingschemes in the area of signal integrity. This is achieved byproviding a better understanding of electromagneticsproblems and through the use of modeling and simulationtools. With the emergence of visualization tools and onlinesimulation packages, access to both qualitative andquantitative answers is immediate. In addition to thestandard components of web-based courses, we havefocused our attention on two major components. In the firstpart of the project, a Movie Creator was implemented toallow the incorporation of taped lectures into a websitewith synchronization between the audio and videocomponents. In the second part of the project, an efficientPerl/Java interface was created that permits the executionof signal integrity modeling and simulation CAD tools inthe web server. The study of signal integrity issues isstrongly dependent on the ability to simulate and modelsignal propagation. This task seeks to supply circuitmodeling and simulation capabilities using state-of-the-arttechniques and analysis tools that were previouslydeveloped. A combination of visualization tools and theability to perform online simulations can provide studentswith immediate access to both qualitative and quantitativeanswers. Using our newly developed tool, simulationresults can be displayed and examined in a web browsershortly after execution. This unique feature of executingCAD software via the Web will be a major asset in learningenvironment.


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http://natcsi.ece.uiuc.edu

ElectromagneticsAntennas for Wireless SensorsJ. T. Bernhard*[email protected]. Office of Naval Research through the NCASSRProgram/NCSA

The emergence of wireless sensor systems promises tochange the way we control our environments, makedecisions, and promote health and safety. While numerousresearch projects on wireless sensors exist, very fewaddress the critical technology of antennas that enablewireless communication. Several projects in this areapropose to use standard off-the-shelf antennas, but thischoice often limits the capabilities of the system byignoring the unique requirements and environment of theapplication. In this project, we are developing both ageneral methodology for the development of antennas forwireless sensor systems as well as several designs forspecific applications.

Electromagnetic Study of Integrated Hearing AidAntennasJ. T. Bernhard*[email protected] Communications

Coordinated signal processing between hearing aids allowshearing-impaired individuals to focus on conversationswithout having to listen to background noise. A wiredconnection between the hearing aids and a centralprocessing unit makes the system more obtrusive thantraditional hearing aids. This research project clarifies andpredicts performance with both in-the-ear and behind-the-ear hearing aid antennas.

Intelligent Portable Antenna Systems for High-SpeedWireless CommunicationJ. T. Bernhard*[email protected] Science Foundation CAREER Award, ECS99-83460

High-speed wireless data communication faces twochallenges: high error rates caused by interference andunpredictable environments, and limited functionality andbattery life at the portable unit. "Intelligent" or "smart"antenna systems that respond to changing operatingconditions can help meet these challenges. This researchdevelops intelligent portable antenna systems to improvethe reliability, throughput, and noise immunity of high-speed wireless communication networks. Specifically, this

project implements new compact radiation-tunableantennas with a performance-driven fuzzy controller. Thisnovel approach views portable antennas as dynamiccomponents of the communication system, creating a newparadigm for antenna design and control.

Low-Profile Radiators in Aperiodic Wideband ArraysJ. T. Bernhard,* P. Mayes, E. [email protected]. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-02-1-0398

This project develops a family of low-profile antennas andassociated array methodologies for wideband applicationswhere traditional periodic patch arrays severely limitperformance. The work includes the development ofspecialized simulation tools as well as extensivemeasurements to characterize both individual and arrayedelements.

Miniaturized Antennas in Random Sensor Arrays forPlanetary Surface and Atmosphere ExplorationJ. T. Bernhard,* A. C. Singer, P. E. Mayes,E. [email protected] Aeronautics and Space Administration,NAG3-2840

In this project, we are developing size-appropriate,electrically small (miniaturized) antennas with moderatebandwidths for such sensors as well as processingalgorithms for random arrays that enable the sensors towork together to communicate their data to remotecollection sites regardless of their relative positions ororientations. The array will configure itself to form a beamin a general direction that can be intercepted by a passingorbiter or directed to a particular satellite- or surface-basedreceiver. The project will culminate with a testbeddemonstration using the developed antennas andprocessing algorithms.

Reconfigurable Antennas for High Data RateMultibeam Communication SystemsJ. T. Bernhard,* E. [email protected] Aeronautics and Space Administration,NAG3-2555

This research develops new, individually reconfigurableplanar antenna array elements that can be adjusted toprovide multiple beams while providing increased scanangles and higher aperture efficiencies than traditionaldiffraction-limited arrays. With the help of powerfulsimulation capabilities developed under the project, theseantennas will be potential candidates for use in both large


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and small arrays for forward inter-satellite communicationas well as tracking of multiple mobile surface-based units.

Wideband Conformal Antennas and ArraysJ. T. Bernhard*[email protected]. Air Force Research Laboratory, FA8718-04-C-0060

This project investigates the fundamental characterizationof suitable wideband conformal microstrip-based antennasas single elements and in arrays and explores possibleapproaches to expand the operating frequency bands andperformance of planar and conformal arrays. Theseapproaches encompass the use of novel substrates andantenna designs, array designs that allow widebandperformance, such as random and connected arraytopologies, and implementation of antenna reconfigurationto enable wideband operation of planar and conformalarrays.

A Wireless Embedded Sensor System to Monitor andAssess Corrosion in the Tendons of PrestressedConcrete GirdersJ. T. Bernhard,* D. A. Kuchma, H. [email protected] Science Foundation, CMS 02-01305

A multidisciplinary team of three researchers withexpertise in the areas of nondestructive evaluation,wireless communication, and structural modeling aredeveloping a wireless embedded sensor system to examinecorrosion of tendons in prestressed concrete girders. Theproject illustrates the importance of integratingtechnologies and expertise from several fields in solvingcomplex information flow problems.

Environmental Design andManufacturingIntegrating Electrical, Economic, and EnvironmentalFactors into Flexible Power System EngineeringP. Krein,* P. Chapman, M. Pai, P. Sauer, D. ThurstonNational Science Foundation

A flexible power system is one in which redundancy andreliability are managed through localized control,distribution of energy sources, shifting among availablesources, treating loads as a potential resource for operationand control purposes, and directing energy to the mostcritical needs. This project seeks to establish a firm science-based framework for integrating electrical, economic, andenvironmental factors into flexible power system design.

High Frequency Devices38-GHz Ion Implantation GaAs MESFET TechnologyTransfer ProgramM. Feng,* J. Middleton, S. K. HsiaNorthrop Grumman Corp.; M/A-Com/Amp


This project is aimed at the technology transfer of theUniversity of Illinois 0.25 μm gate GaAs MESFET for 24-GHz and 38-GHz MMICs for LNA and VCO to M/A-Com.for low-cost production.

50-GHz Ion Implanted GaAs MESFETM. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. BeecherTriQuint Semiconductor


This program is to study the 50 GHz to 100 GHz ionimplanted GaAs MESFET for millimeter-wave integratedcircuit application.

50-GHz Ion-implanted Enhanced/Depletion/PowerGaAs MESFETsM. Feng,* H. Hsia, D. Becher, Z. Tang, J. J. Hwang,S. ShenNetwork Device Inc.


This project is to develop enhancement mode, depletionmode, and power mode (E/D/P) GaAs MESFETs operatedat 50 GHz.

50-GHz Self-Aligned Gate MESFETsM. Feng,* D. Becher, D. CaruthVitesse Semiconductor Corp.


We have investigate Vitesse self-aligned gate MESFET forthe analog applications in term of noise gain and power.We have compare performance with the University ofIllinois realigned gate FET with Vitesse and to understanddevice improvement issues.

ADC Circuit Design on a Sigma-Delta ModulatorM. Feng,* M. Heins, D. BarlageU.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-96-0218 (IntelFellowship)


This project is aimed at design of 3 Gbit/s for an 8-bit ADC.Our first goal is to design the subcircuits library of


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comparator, sample, and hold circuit and OA design of anADC.

AlGaAs/GaAs HBT ModelingM. Feng,* P. Mares, M. HeinRockwell Microelectronics, Inc.


This project aims to establish a useful SPICE model forHBT integrated circuits application. Our approach is basedon 45-MHz to 50-GHz bias-dependent microwave datacollection on an HBT device using HP-ICCAP.Temperature-dependent microwave data collection will beincluded in the model.

CAD Design Tools for an Integrated Millimeter-WaveWireless Communication MicrosystemM. Feng,* S. C. Shen, J. J. Hwang, M. HeinsDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,F30602-97-2-0328

In collaboration with C. Liu. Conducted in the Micro andNanotechnology Laboratory.

We are developing CAD capabilities for a gigahertzwireless communication and distribution microsystems.We are also developing scalable MMIC modules withintegrated MEMS components.

Center of Hyper Uniform Nanophotonic Technologiesfor Ultrafast Optoelectronic SystemsM. Feng,* R. Chan, K. Cimino, W. Hafez, F. [email protected] Advanced Research Project Agency HUNTProgram


The goal of this project is to develop new optical sourcelaser and LED using light emitting transistors modified byquantum well base and DBR to achieve high speedmodulation of optical interconnect.

Development Materials for GaN-based Minority-Carrier Power Electronic Devices for Advanced DoDSystemsM. Feng,* J. Lai, K. PriceDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, GaN PowerProgram (under UTA team-Prof. Russel Dupuis)


This program is to study material interface ofheterjunction, minority carrier transport property in GaNHBT system, since HBT provides high linearity and highefficiency power amplification.

Digital Radar ReceiverM. Feng,* J. FendrichMayo Foundation; Defense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency


This project performs the design and fabrication of an RFfront end (400-700 MHz) fully tunable receiver system.We are working closely with the Mayo Foundation MIT-Lincoln Lab and Defense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency to build two brassboard RF receiver front ends fordigital radar applications.

Direct Ion Implantation GaAs MESFETsM. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Becher, S. ShenGaAstronics Co.


This project is to develop low-cost ion-implanted GaAsMESFETs for 5.8-GHz MMICs.

GaAs- and InP-based HBT ReliabilityM. Feng,* D. Barlage, M. HeinsU.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-94-0369


This project is to set up an HBT reliability test. HBTreliability has become a major issue because ofheterostructure interface and fast diffuse p-type impuritiesin both InP- and GaAs-based HBTs. We will test HBTdevices from Rockwell, Hughes, and TRW for the basicfailure mechanism.

GaN HBT TechnologyM. Feng,* J. J. HuangU.S. Navy, UTA 99-0302


GaN has great potential to be a power source in millimeterwave ICs and high-speed electronics due to its largebreakdown voltage and higher saturation velocity. Incollaborate with Prof. Dupuis at the University of Texas atAustin, we have fabricated GaN HBT with beta >100.There are many problems to be solved in terms of currentand power efficiency issues at millimeter wave frequency.


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High-Frequency Measurement Project on High-TcSuperconductorM. Feng,* J. Fendrich, H. S. K. HsiaNational Science Foundation, DMR 89-20539

In conjunction with the Science and Technology Center forSuperconductivity. Conducted in the Micro andNanotechnology Laboratory.

This project has contributed to the study of BKBO andYBCO film characterization at microwave and terahertzfrequencies. A parallel-plate resonator (10 GHz) was builtto characterize sheet resistance in the microwavefrequency. A noncontact coherent time-domainspectroscopy (THz) was used to characterize real andimaginary parts of conductivity. An on-wafer cryogenicmicrowave probing technique (1-40 GHz, 15-300K) isemployed to establish patterned film scattering parameter.This work also aims to develop engineering modelparameters using a GHz on-wafer probe technique.

Hybrid and Monolithic OEIC ReceiversM. Feng*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Center forOptoelectronics Science and Technology


This project is aimed at hybrid integration of a PIN/GaAstransimpedance amplifier at 20 GHz operation. Themonolithic IC is involved in design and fabrication of 4-channel OEIC receivers using GaAs MESFET technology.

InGaAs/InP BiFET for ADC ApplicationsM. Feng,* D. W. Seo, H. Hsia, Z. TangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97-C-8618


We have developed a 200-GHz InGaAs/InP HFET andintegrated it with a 200-GHz HBT. Using this technology,we will construct a fifth-order Sigma-Delta ADC for a 16-bit and 3 FDR > 100 dbc.

InGaP HBT for ADC ApplicationsM. Feng,* D. W. Seo, J. Mu, M. HeinsDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-96-C-8615


We are developing an InGaP HBT device model (thermaland electrical model) for implantation into MDS andHSPICs. The second-order Sigma-Delta ADCs with 5Gbits and 8-bit resolution has been designed, simulated,and fabricated.

Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (II)(IVHS)M. Feng,* H. HsiaNorthrop Grumman Corp.


This project is a follow-up of the TRP/DARPA contractbased on the success of the University of Illinois 24-GHzand 38-GHz GaAs MESFET MMIC for LNA and VCO.The new contract is aimed at low-cost implementation ofa 0.1 μm gate GaAs MESFET and MMIC by direct ionimplantation for 77-GHz LNA and VCO collisionavoidance radar.

Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (IVHS)M. Feng,* P. Apostolakis, J. MiddletonNorthrop Grumman Corp.


This project is a joint development effort between theUniversity of Illinois and Northrop Grumman Corp. onmillimeter-wave IC chip sets for IVHS. We will designtransmitter, receiver, mixer, and oscillator millimeter-wave ICs using co-planar technology. The mask andfabrication will use University of Illinois ion implanted,super-low-noise GaAs MESFETs, and a monolithic ICprocess.

Millimeter Wave Technology HBT and HFETM. Feng*Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc.


We will design and fabricate MOCVD-grown, dopedchannel HFETs and InGaP and AlGaAs HBTs. We willcharacterize these devices and optimize their performancefor 24- to 77-GHz applications.

Millimeter-Wave ICs and PackagesM. Feng*Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF Package ResearchCenter


This project is to develop 38-GHz and 77-GHz coplanarMMICs for flip chip packages.


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MOCVD HEMT TechnologyM. Feng,* Z. TangSumitomo Chemical America, Inc.


We will investigate the performance of MOCVD grown P-HEMT and HEMT technology and its performancecomparison between MESFETs and MBE-grown HEMTs.

Modeling of Flip Chip Interconnects for RF/WirelessM. Feng,* J. Schutt-AineGeorgia Institute of Technology, NSF ERC PackageResearch Center, SBC GIT E21-N50-G5


The next generation of wireless personal communicationlinks and wireless LAN and WAN will be focused in themillimeter wave range due to wide bandwidths and lessinterference effects. This work is to develop a low-costsolution of millimeter-wave MMICs flip chip technology.This work will provide the design, simulation, and processof MMICs operating at 38 GHz for a real application inpoint-to-point communication links. The Georgia TechPRC will provide the flip chip package technology.

Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Integrated CircuitsTechnologyM. Feng*Northrop Grumman Corp.


This project is a joint effort with Northrop Grumman Corp.for developing 0.25 μm gate and 0.1 μm gate GaAs FET-based technology for the application in monolithicmillimeter wave ICs (MMWICs). Based on the high-frequency device characterization, an equivalent circuitmodel will be generated. This model will then be used forMMWIC design. The fabrication of the MMWICs will bedemonstrated.

Noise Characterization of Self-Aligned Gate GaAsMESFETsM. Feng*ITT Corp.


This project aims to reduce the minimum noise figure onthe direct ion-implanted self-aligned GaAs MESFETsbased on the design of experiments in terms of dose andgate overlay.

Novel Giga Sampling Analog-to-Digital Conversion forDirect Digital ReceiverM. Feng,* D. W. SeoNational Science Foundation, ECS-9979341


We proposed novel GHz ADC architecture, the folding andinterpolation-based 15-bit subrange A/D converter, willreduce the transistor count by one-third and the area by60%. The subrange ADC requires a very precise and wide-band track and hold amplifier to maximize input bandwidthto great than 2 GHz and converter resolution to greater than15 bits.

Optical Correlation Spectroscopy UsingReconfigurable Diffraction GratingM. Feng,* Q. He, K. F. Chen, J. J. HuangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency Center(DARPA) BOSS Program, MDA972-00-1-0020

Under Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyCenter for Bio-Optical Sensor System. In collaborationwith K. Y. Cheng. Conducted in the Micro andNanotechnology Laboratory.

Sponsored by DARPA, the goal of this program is todevelop a nano spectrometer for biological and chemicalagents detection. Our group is to design and fabricate re-configurable grating using novel MEMS switch. It iscapable of detecting 3-10 μm wavelength.

Technology for Efficient, Agile Mixed SignalMicrosystemsM. Feng,* R. Chan, K. F. Chen, W. G. HoDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, TEAMProgram

Under BAE Systems and collaboration with Greg Timp.Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory.

The goal is to develop silicon RF CMOS with Ft and Fmax> 400GHz with 20 nm gate. The RF mixed signal circuitswill be developed based the fastest RF CMOS technology.

Technology for Frequency Agile Digitally SynthesizedTransmitterM. Feng,* J. Lai, M. Hafez, M. Hampson, D. Chan,B. Chu-KungDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency TFASTProgram

Under BAE Systems and Vitesse Semiconductor.Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory.

The goal is to develop InP DHBT with Ft and Fmax > 500GHz with sub-micron scaling of emitter size down to 0.1


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micron. The technology is also required to demonstrateFlip-Flop speed over 200 GHz. A VLSI InP technology ofover 10,000 transistor level of mixed signal Direct DigitalSynthesizer (DDS) will be developed.

VCSEL and Smart Pixels for VLSI PhotonicsM. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr., K.-Y. Cheng, K. C. HsiaDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,DAAG55-98-1-0303


This project is to develop oxide confined VCSELs at 85nm and 1330 nm, as well as smart pixels for VSLIphotonics.

Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si-Based Quantum ComputersM. Feng,* R. Chan, C. ChuangDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, QuantumComputer Program, DAAD19-01-1-0324

In collaboration with John Tucker. Conducted in the Microand Nanotechnology Laboratory.

The goal is to place individual phosphorus donors intosilicon with atomic precision, demonstrate electroniccontrol over wavefunction overlap, and characterize thespin singlet and triplet states of the two-electron system oncouple donor pairs.

YBCO Superconducting Transmission LineCharacterizationM. Feng,* J. FendrichSuperconductor Technology Inc.


This project studies the design rule of MCM using asuperconductor as an interconnect line. Loss and phasedelay are compared between gold and the superconductorline. Bit-error-rate and crosstalk will also be examined.

Human–Computer InterfacesAdaptive/Reflective Middleware SystemR. Campbell,* K. Nahrstedt,* R. Kravets,* L. Sha,*J. Tanner, P. DeRoseDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency Grant, INTNBCH 1030017

Lockheed-Martin; BBN Technologies; Johns HopkinsUniversity; Scientific Research Corporation; Telecordia;Conducted in the Digital Computer Laboratory

The ARMS project investigates Multi-Layer ResourceManagement for next generation Navy battleships. This

collaborative effort is developing a system thatencompasses many major aspects of computing resourcemanagement. Our team's focus is the management of thehuman element of mission tasks, identifying and taskingthe best user for each task, and locating the best hardwareto perform that task within a distributed system platform.Intelligent algorithms dynamically adjust to currentconditions when selecting users and also learn from auser’s previous performance. We are integrating currentresearch in pervasive computing, allowing users to performtheir tasks more efficiently by allowing them mobility thatexisting systems lack.

InterfacesAtomistics of Growth and Transport at Metal andSemiconductor SurfacesG. Ehrlich,* G. Antczak, S. Koh, K. Kyuno, S. C. WangU.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471

In cooperation with the Frederick Seitz MaterialsResearch Laboratory

The individual atomic events contributing to the growth ofcrystals and films are being explored on the atomic level.Through the use of the field ion microscope, single atomsare visualized, and processes such as condensation,diffusion, nucleation, and incorporation into the lattice areexamined quantitatively to reveal how structure andchemical composition affect growth processes.

Magnetic ResonanceConstrained Spectroscopic ImagingZ. P. Liang,* P. C. Lauterbur*National Institutes of Health, 1R01CA51430-01A4


Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging promises toprovide an entirely new way to examine the dynamics ofhuman biochemical processes in vivo noninvasively.However, its practical applications have been limitedbecause of low sensitivity and long imaging time. Theprimary objective of this research is to developmathematical methods to effectively utilize the readilyavailable anatomical information to constrain the spectraldistribution to reduce imaging time without compromisingspatial resolution.


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Functional Brain ImagingZ. P. Liang,* J. JiNational Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; BeckmanInstitute for Advanced Science and Technology


The primary objective of this project is to develop newsignal-processing algorithms for detecting brain activitiesfrom functional MRI data. Researchers are investigating awavelet-transform-based filtering and t-test method forsignal detection and a multiscale method for imageregistration and motion correction.

MR Imaging of Time-Varying ObjectsZ. P. Liang,* Y. Bresler,* J. Ji, A. Sen Gupta, A. GuoNational Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; NationalInstitutes of Health, NIH-R21-HL062336

Conventional MR imaging techniques have been widelyused to obtain high-resolution images from stationaryobjects. For time-varying objects such as the beating heart,however, significant image artifacts often arise that renderthe image useless. This project aims to develop a new classof data acquisition and image reconstruction methods forreal-time imaging of cardiac structures and functions.

Materials ChemistryMetal Boride Thin Films: Synthesis of New MolecularPrecursors and Growth by Remote-Plasma CVDJ. R. Abelson,* Y. Yang, N. Kumar, S. T. Lazarz,G. S. Girolami* (Chem.), D. Kim, W. Noh, C. SpicerNational Science Foundation

We synthesize new single-source precursors and depositthin films of the "metallic ceramic" compounds ZrB2,HfB2, and CrB2 that are technologically attractive as hard,wear-resistant coatings and as diffusion barriers in ULSImicroelectronics. We also deposit films of the 39Ksuperconductor MgB2. Our approach, remote-H2 plasmachemical vapor deposition, combines the best features ofthe chemical and physical deposition routes: the high rateand conformal coverage characteristic of CVD, and the lowsubstrate temperature characteristic of PVD. The researchincludes analysis of the growth chemistry using real-timespectroscopies and evaluation of the resulting filmproperties and performance.

Synthesis and Characterization of NanostructuredAlloys with Enhanced Mechanical PropertiesJ. R. Abelson,* N. Kumar, P. Bellon,* A. ChaterjeeNational Science Foundation, NSF-DMR 03-54060

Metal diboride thin films are developed into a novel hardcoating technology. We have demonstrated superhardfilms of HfB2: with a grain size of only 5 nm, the filmshave a nanoindentation hardness of 40 GPa, exceeding thebulk value of 29 GPa. The Young's modulus of the filmsis adjusted by alloying with nitrogen during growth. Recentwork explores the wear properties using pin-on-disc tests,including the formation of chemically mixed layers at thewear interface, as well as nanoscratch methods.

Nanoscience and TechnologyThermodynamics of Nanostructures and BuriedInterfaces Using Scanning NanocalorimetryL. H. Allen*National Science Foundation, DMR 0108694

This project aims to investigate a variety of basic materialsissues in thin films and at interfaces, such as coalescenceduring initial stages of film growth and silicide formationwith restricted dimensions. The research also seeks toreveal new thermodynamic information about behavior ofmaterials at nanometer length scales. The research willcontribute basic materials science knowledge at afundamental level to important aspects of electronic/photonic materials.

NetworkingAd hoc Wireless Communication Between VehiclesR. H. Campbell,* S. MyagmarMotorola, Inc.


We propose an ad hoc routing protocol with locationservice for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. As anexample of feasibility, we developed and tested applicationprototypes of voice chat, location filtering, and roadsideinformation service for moving vehicles. Our protocoltakes into account the motion of vehicles on a highway. Itbroadcasts location updates only when the velocity ordirection of a vehicle "space reservation" to avoidtransmission collisions.


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Efficient Resource Management for Controlled-Mobility Wireless NetworksE. Frazzoli,* L. Sha, P. R. Kumar, M. Caccamo,N. A. NeogiNational Science Foundation, CCF-0325716

A controlled-mobility wireless network (CMWN) isdefined as a network of embedded devices endowed withcomputation, communication, and motion capabilities.The purpose of this project is the development of a newconceptual framework for the design, development, andoperation of efficient and reliable networks with suchcharacteristics.

Data-Centric Sensor NetworksJ. C. Hou,* L. Sha, P. R. Kumar, N. Li, H. ZhangNational Science Foundation, Special Projects inNetworking, ANI-0221357


In this research project, we first lay an integratedframework in which a comprehensive solution can bedesigned that comprises a set of component solutions ateach layer to achieve the targeted goals of data-centricsensor networks. Then, we consider under this unifiedframework, research issues along the following thrusts ofresearch: hierarchical cluster formation and routing;topology control and power management; Quality-of-Service provisioning within/between clusters; MACdesign for timely dissemination of delay-sensitive data;and empirical study with the use of Motes.

A Component-Based Software Environment forSimulating and Synthesizing Network Protocols inLarge-Scale NetworksJ. C. Hou,* R. Campbell, L. Kung, H. KimUniversity of Illinois


In this project, we propose to design, implement, andevaluate a component-based software environment for awide variety of emerging network architectures andapplications. The environment expedites execution andsimulates, emulates, and synthesizes network protocolsand services in a systematic manner. We follow threeresearch thrusts: We extend JavaSim to include baseclasses and packages for grid networking technologies. Weinvestigate issues of parallelizing real-time process drivensimulation engines and explore the use of fluid models,network calculus models, and rescaling techniques toexpedite simulation. In a related project, we build asoftware-programmable router platform, called CROSS,that is dynamically extensible, configurable, and able to

predictably process network flows that require QoS-awareaccess to multiple resources. We will leverage JavaSimcomponents as building blocks for CROSS/Linux routerservices, and realize differentiated multicast and securevideo proxy systems as CROSS services.

Application/System Quality-of-Service (QoS) InterfaceCapabilitiesK. Nahrstedt,* W. J. Jeon, B. Kalter, J. H. SeoNational Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG2-1250


Researchers are investigating application-system Quality-of-Service (QoS) interface capabilities for visual trackingdistributed applications. The interface between theapplication and the underlying QoS-aware resourcemanagement system must provide several importantfunctionalities: application QoS application programminginterface, translation between the application QoS into thesystem QoS parameters, integrated reservationcoordination policies and protocols to avoid and preventdeadlock situations, adaptation policies and theirapplication enforcement, and others. These functions willreside in the end-system management entity called the QoSBroker, which represents the application/system interfacefor provision of end-to-end QoS guarantees.

Hybrid Adaptive Algorithms for End SystemMiddlewareK. Nahrstedt,* B. Kalter, B. LiDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,F30602-97-2-0121


Current distributed multimedia applications demandQuality-of-Service (QoS) from the supporting system.However, within the QoS demands, lower level transportfacilities may not constantly provide guaranteed QoSwithout perturbation. In this scenario, researchers areinvestigating hybrid adaptive algorithms in the middlewarelevel of end systems to perform QoS adaptation on a criticalQoS metric. The research concentrates on analysis of QoSadaptation in dependence of system resource availabilitychanges by applying theories from digital control systems.


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QoS RoutingK. Nahrstedt,* J. Qian, L. K. ShanDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,F30602-97-2-0121


The task of Quality-of-Service (QoS) routing is to find apath in the network that satisfies constraints on suchmetrics as bandwidth, delay jitter, and cost. This studyfocuses on QoS routing algorithms and their design withinrouters. The problem of finding a path with constraints ontwo or more additive metrics (delay and delay jitter) is NP-complete. This research concentrates on heuristicalgorithms and study of the family of distributed andhierarchical routing algorithms to solve themulticonstrained routing problem. The QoS routingsolutions are applied to point-to-point as well asmulticasting scenarios.

QoS-Aware Resource ManagementK. Nahrstedt,* K. Kim, A. K. Viswanathan, J. WangPartnerships for an Advanced ComputationalInfrastructure


Operating systems and communication systems need newalgorithms, services, and protocols to support processingof audio/visual streams according to Quality-of-Service(QoS) specification. This project concentrates on the CPUbrokerage service with advanced reservation, admission,scheduler, and adaptation control for soft real-time andnon-real-time tasks. At the communication level,researchers provide IntServ bandwidth brokers in the edgenetworks and DiffServ brokers within the backbone routersto provide end-to-end guarantees.

Operating Systems and SecurityChoices: A Reliable and Secure Operating System forMobile DevicesR. H. Campbell,* J. Hou,* Z. AnwarNational Science Foundation, CNS 03-05537

Distributed denial of service, man-in-the-middle attacks,message tampering, eavesdropping, and replaying threatento cripple the Internet infrastructure. They are especiallyharmful to killer applications for the Internet such as voiceover IP (VoIP) and voice over wireless. There is a need todevelop innovative strategies to detect, mitigate, andcounter these threats. Unfortunately various keycomponents are required to realistically model a large VoIPinfrastructure and study its vulnerable spots. J-Sim is a

composable and extensible network simulation andemulation environment. We extend J-Sim to includerepresentative security mechanisms/policies for VoIP suchas IPsec, firewalls, Media Gateways, Soft Switches, keydistribution and authentication mechanisms, and popularVoIP protocol stacks such as RTP, SIP, and H.248. We alsoprovide various attacker models and IDS mechanisms toallow vendors to plug in their VoIP components and testthem for vulnerabilities in a controlled and simulatedenvironment before actual deployment. In addition we areexploring the use of virtualization techniques and referencemonitors to choose secure paths for VoIP informationflows.

Composing Security in Large-Scale Cyber-InfrastructuresR. H. Campbell,* S. R. KatasaniNational Science Foundation

Present day cyber infrastructures like the power grid arevery complex assortments of various devices with differentsecurity requirements and differing ability to providesecurity. Not all the devices in the system can provide thenecessary security according to the enterprise policies, butthe presence of these devices is indispensable. In such ascenario, it is really difficult for the system managers orthe system administrators to monitor and maintain thesedevices. We are developing a methodology that will allowa system administrator or a manager automatically toanalyze the system and reason about the security anddecide the necessary security measures to install. In orderto achieve this goal, we developed a representation formodeling the cyber assets of an organization based onworkflows and common information models. In ourmodeling formalism an organization can be defined as acombination of subjects, objects, services, tasks, andcommunication protocols.

ITR: Active Information Spaces Based on UbiquitousComputingR. H. Campbell,* D. Kriegman,* K. Nahrstedt,*R. Kravets,* M. Garland,* M. D. Mickunas,* R. Hill,J. Lim, S. Zelinka, A. Ranganathan, Y. Cui, J. Almutadi,G. Sampemane, S. Yi, D. Schmidt, R. McGrath,C. Carter, S. Chetan, B. Ziebart, A. Weiler, D. Raila,J. Tanner, B. Yu, R. Patel, R. Jones, M. Muhammad,C. AndrewsNational Science Foundation, CCF-00-86094

The project researches a new form of operating system tomanage a model of computing called an Active Space. Thismodel integrates physical spaces that contain ubiquitouscomputers into a computational environment that supports


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human activity and applications. The physical space,augmented with communicating computer devices,becomes a distributed computing system. Gaia, anoperating system for Active Spaces, will accommodatediversity by exploiting standards for interoperation andcooperation. System services track, authenticate, andsupport mobile users with reconfigurable graphics,multimedia, and Active Space applications. A unifyingobject bus, component model, and adaptive stream modelextends plug and play to distributed mobile computerswithin physical spaces like cities, buildings, and rooms.Active Spaces have the potential for creating multibilliondollar industries. Automated surgery, collaboration, andengaged learning are a few of the compelling examples.

Mobile Sensor-Network AuthenticationR. Campbell,* V. Welch,* C. Andrews, P. Naldurg,H. KhuranaOffice of Navy Research

Authentication is a critical security requirement for sensornetwork nodes and provides a high quality of assurance ina hostile deployment scenario, when it is important for adata-gathering source to confidently verify the origin ofsensor data. We focus on higher-end sensors that havesignificantly more processing power and memory thanfirst-generation sensors. We question some of the existingweak cryptographic protocols and investigate thefeasibility of using limited public-key encryption toaddress the sensor origin authentication problem. Thechallenge of key distribution is addressed by imprintingsensors with public key certificates, as well as thecorresponding private keys, before being deployed. A line-of-sight transmission may be used to update the key.

Security and Configuration of Software Defined RadiosR. H. Campbell,* S. MyagmarVarious Donors

Reconfigurability of software defined radios (SDR)supports integration and co-existence of multiple radioaccess technologies on a general-purpose radio equipment.An SDR terminal is able to switch its operating mode byconfiguring its radio parameters and componentcomposition to suit the appropriate radio accesstechnology, user preferences, and local conditions. Themain challenges are how to provide a methodology todynamically and securely configure software componentsoriginating from several, different vendors, and how toremotely attest the validity of the radio configuration toexternal parties such as a network operator or serviceprovider.

Optical and Discharge PhysicsStartup Processes in Metal Halide LampsJ. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner, R. Moss, A. Bhoj,T. Sommerer (GE)General Electric R&D Center

Conducted in the Everitt Laboratory

High pressure, metal halide lamps are typically the lightingsources used for street lamps, stadiums, warehouses, andother large indoor arenas. Metal halide lamps start as roomtemperature, glow discharges. Upon heating, metal-halidecompounds in the lamps vaporize to generatemultiatmosphere pressure plasmas, which then producenearly continuum radiation. The starting process usuallyinvolves applying high-voltage pulses to tens to onehundred Torr of Ar gas with a small admixture of mercuryor another low ionization potential rare gas. Optimizingthis process will ultimately produce longer lived, morereliable lamps. In this research project, advanced computermodeling and laser diagnostics are being used toinvestigate the fundamental plasma processes that occurduring startup of metal-halide lamps. Of particular interestare the plasma-surface interactions on the cathode thatresult in sputtering of cathode materials. Methods tominimize sputtering without using costly exotic materialsare being formulated.

Optical ImagingTargeted Contrast and Therapeutic Agents forMolecular Biomedical ImagingS. A. Boppart,* W. D. O'Brien, K. Kim, H. Choi,M. L. Oelze, K. S. Suslick, J. A. Katzenellenbogen,M. Strano, D. W. Pack, K. S. [email protected] Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

Conducted across the University of Illinois campus

Recent advances in biomedical imaging have drawn fromdiverse fields to develop multifunctional targeted agentsthat serve to not only generate contrast for detection andimaging, but also provide a targeted therapeutic approach.While many forms of contrast agents exist, and much efforthas focused on optimizing contrast enhancement, less isknown about the potential for delivering controlled localrelease of drugs or other local therapy, such ashyperthermia or mechanical disruption, from these agents.Additionally, our understanding of targeting strategies islimited, largely due to the complexity of the cellular


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biology under normal and disease states. This projectassembles an interdisciplinary team of investigators acrosscampus to focus on these problems, and to develop newtargeted, multifunctional agents.

Near-Field Optical Power-Extinction TomographyP. S. Carney,* V. Markel, J. C. Schotland, E. Wolf,G. S. [email protected]. Air Force Multidisciplinary Research Program of theUniversity Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379;National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265


Near-field optical power-extinction tomography (NOPET)represents the intersection of total internal reflectiontomography (TIRT) and optical power-extinctiontomography (OPET) where the probe beams of OPET arereplaced with evanescent waves as in TIRT for sampleillumination. With this technique it is possible to producesub-wavelength resolved tomographs of scattering objectsfrom the power lost from the probe fields.

Near-Field Scanning Optical TomographyP. S. Carney,* J. C. [email protected] Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265


Near-field scanning optical tomography (NSOT) exploresthe extension of imaging modalities such as photonscanning tunneling microscopy (PSTM) and near-fieldscanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to samples thatcontain three-dimensional structure or when the probe tipis not scanned in grazing proximity to the sample. We solvethe linearized inverse scattering problem to produce sub-wavelength resolved tomographs of the object under theseconditions.

Optical Power-Extinction TomographyP. S. Carney,* E. Wolf, G. S. [email protected] Research Award; U.S. Air ForceMultidisciplinary Research Program of the UniversityResearch Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379


Optical power-extinction tomography (OPET) makes useof the power lost from two coherent beams, whichsimultaneously interrogate a scattering object, to generate

a tomograph (three-dimensional image) of that object in asimilar manner as computed axial tomography (CAT)makes use of the attenuation of individual beams of x-raysthrough an absorbing object to generate a tomograph. Weare currently developing a prototype instrument. Initialresults are promising.

Photon Scanning Tunneling MicroscopeP. S. Carney*[email protected] of Illinois


A photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is adevice where the object is illuminated by an evanescentwave generated at the face of a prism or slide and the fieldis detected via a fiber probe in the near-zone of the sample(as in near-field scanning optical tomography). The dataobtained with a PSTM are not amenable to directinterpretation, but we show sufficient information exists inthe raw data to numerically compute the two-dimensionalstructure of a thin sample, thus achieving a computationallens for the near-field. Demonstration of this work has justbeen accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters.

Total Internal Reflection TomographyP. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland, R. A. Frazin;D. G. Fischer (NASA)[email protected], NAG3-2764


Total internal reflection tomography (TIRT) is an imagingmodality that makes use of the evanescent waves toilluminate and probe a sample. The probe depth iscontrolled through the exponential decay of the evanescentwave. In principle, this form of illumination can also enablesuper-resolved imaging where features smaller than awavelength can be resolved. To take practical advantageof this capability, it is necessary to solve the inversescattering problem that is the focus of this project. We arecurrently constructing an instrument to take the appropriatemeasurements.


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Optical Physics and EngineeringInvestigation of Carbon Nanotube Nano-OpticsP. S. Carney*[email protected] Science Foundation NER Grant, 0210495


Carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires are tinyobjects (1000 times thinner than a human hair) that haverecently drawn considerable attention in the scientific andengineering communities because of their novel structuraland electrical properties. We will theoretically investigatethe optical and optoelectronic properties of thesestructures.

Arrays of Microdischarges: A New Generation ofLighting SourcesJ. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner,* N. P. Ostrom, S. McCain,A. Bhoj, K. Rajaraman, I. MitchellElectric Power Research Institute, EP-P6654/C3385


This experimental and computational program is devotedto investigating diatomic molecules as efficient emittersfor lamps. The microdischarge serves as the platform withwhich a wide variety of diatomics (excimers, metal-halides, etc.) will be studied. A close linkage betweenexperimental results and theoretical predictions is a keyelement of this research effort.

Equipment for Machining of Microdischarge DevicesJ. G. Eden,* C. Herring, J. Gao, A. OldenburgU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-99-1-0106


Under the DOD DURIP program, equipment is beingpurchased to facilitate the fabrication of microdischargedevices in silicon and other materials systems. A 1-kHzpulse repetition frequency Ti:sapphire regenerativeamplifier will be used with an existing oscillator toablatively machine microchannels in silicon for use inarrays of discharge devices. Also, vacuum ultravioletoptics enabling arrays of sub-50 μm diameter cylindricalchannels to be machined in Si metals or SiO2 at 193 nmhave been obtained. The introduction of polymer films intothese multilayer devices as dielectrics or emission down-converters is another thrust of this program.

Experimental Studies of Microdischarge Devices andArraysJ. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, S. Kim, P. Galvez, J. TangU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-99-1-0317


This research program is focused on fabricating andexamining the properties of arrays of microdischargedevices. A variety of processes (wet and dry chemicalprocessing, laser ablation, and ultrasonic milling) areemployed to fabricate cylindrical and pyramidal cathodesin silicon as part of a multilayer structure suitable for large-scale production. The properties of arrays and singledevices operating in the rare gases are of particular interest,and emphasis is being placed on the characteristics ofdevices smaller than 50 μm.

Fabrication of Large Area, High DensityMicrodischarge Arrays on Flexible SubstratesJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Science Foundation; Anvik Corporation

In collaboration with the Anvik Corporation, thefabrication of large arrays of microcavity discharge deviceson flexible substrates is being pursued. Excimer lasermicromachining techniques, combined with roll-to-rollprocessing, are attractive for inexpensively manufacturingmicrodischarge devices in large area arrays.

Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical PhenomenaJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Grumman Corp.

Experiments are being conducted in which ultrafast laserpulses (~100-150 fs) produce ionized filaments in air orother gases. Peak optical field intensities exceeding 1013

W-cm-2 are sufficient to produce stable channels havingextraordinary optical and electrical characteristics. Inparticular, emphasis is being placed on the coherentnonlinear optical processes occurring in these filaments.

Large Microdischarge Arrays: Diagnostic andFabrication EquipmentJ. G. Eden,* A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen,J. M. Talmadge, C. Zhu, S. J. ParkU.S. Army Research Office, DAAD19-01-1-0417


Funds have been provided to purchase equipment forexperiments exploring nonlinear optical processes inintense optical fields and the behavior and fabrication of


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microdischarge devices having dimensions below 100 µm.These equipment items have significantly improved thecharacterization and functionality of microdischargedevices and arrays fabricated in Si and glass.Improvements in the regenerative amplifier of a Ti:Al2O3

femtosecond system, including its pulse energy andbandwidth, have also been made.

Microdischarge Arrays: Phase 2J. G. Eden,* N. P. Ostrom, S. J. Park, K. Chen,S. O. [email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF EWINGTECHNOLOGY 03-1


The focus of this research program is scaling ofmicrodischarge arrays to 104-105 devices and emittedpower densities of 0.1-1 W-cm–2 in the ultraviolet. Arraysare being fabricated in silicon with devices having invertedsquare pyramidal cathodes and polymer ormulticomponent dielectrics. Large arrays have also beensuccessfully constructed and operated in glass in which thepixels are excited with an interdigitated electrodeconfiguration. Several diatomic molecular emitters andexcitation processes are under investigation, with initialemphasis on mid- and near-UV emitters.

Microdischarge Devices and Arrays: Quantum andCoherence EffectsJ. G. Eden,* S. J. Park, C. J. Wagner, N. P. Ostrom,A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, C. Zhu, B. RicconiU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-00-1-0372


A family of photonic devices, known as microdischarges,is being developed under this multiyear program. Basedon microplasmas confined to volumes of nanoliters or less,these devices have remarkable properties, including theability to operate as stable glows at atmospheric pressureand with specific power loadings of several tens of kW-cm-3. Single devices and arrays as large as 30 x 30 pixelshave been fabricated in silicon, ceramic, and metal/polymer structures. Many applications, including broad-area UV sources, pump sources for microchip lasers, arclamp ignition, and gas chromatography, are being pursued.Other research thrusts in this program are femtosecondspectroscopy of small molecules by coherent nonlinearoptical processes and the study of the optical properties ofnanoparticles for lasers and biosensing applications.

Microdischarge Long Wave Infrared SourceTechnology DevelopmentJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Grumman Corp.

The characteristics of microcavity plasma devices asemitters in the infrared (5-12 μm) are being studied inexperiments with a variety of device designs.Spectroscopic and power measurements of single devicesand arrays are being carried out in conjunction withtheoretical studies.

Microdischarge Micro-Thruster TechnologyDevelopmentJ. G. Eden*[email protected] Technology Associates

The potential of microcavity discharges as sources of thrustfor small ("pico") satellites is under investigation.Experiments measuring the electrical characteristics ofrobust device structures, including Ni/BN/Ni designs, arebeing conducted to assess the magnitude of thrustattainable as well as the device lifetime.

Microdischarges and Rare Earth-Doped WaveguideDevices: Visible and Ultraviolet Sources for Lasers andSensorsJ. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, A. Oldenburg, A. Senin,F. Shen, J. ConwayU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-98-1-0030


The demonstration of new sources of ultraviolet and visibleradiation is the thrust of this research program. Currentefforts are two-pronged. Microdischarge devicesdeveloped in this laboratory are under study as emissionsources for displays or as chemical sensors. Cylindrical andtypically 20 to 400 μm in diameter, these microdischargeshave properties (VI characteristics, specific power loading)that are unique and quite attractive for a variety ofapplications. The second facet of this research effort is thestudy of nonlinear optical phenomena on the sub-100 fstime scale and at intensities exceeding 1010 W-cm-2. Usingcolliding pulse mode-locked and Ti:Al2O3 laser systems,wave packet formation, four-wave mixing, and high-orderharmonic generation are being studied, bothexperimentally and theoretically.


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Microdischarges for Phased Arrays of Low CoherenceEmitters, and Microchip and Microsphere LasersJ. G. Eden*[email protected]. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-03-1-0391

A new family of photonic devices, known as microcavitydischarges, is being developed under this multiyearprogram. Based on microplasmas confined to volumes ofnanoliters (or less) and spatial dimensions of nominally10-100 μm, these devices exhibit remarkable optical andelectrical properties. The fabrication of single devices andarrays as visible or ultraviolet emitters for applications inbiomedical diagnostics, displays, and environmentalsensing is being pursued. Microcavity discharge deviceswith semiconductor cathodes have also been observed tobe sensitive detectors of visible and near-infrared radiation,and the properties of these new photodetectors are underinvestigation. An emphasis of this program is therealization of two-dimensional arrays of microemitters inwhich adjacent pixels are optically coupled.

Novel Miniature Diagnostic Using MicrodischargeTechnologyJ. G. Eden,* C. WagnerNational Science Foundation; SBIR; SBC ETA UI-99-09-P1


This SBIR program is developing chemical sensors basedon microdischarges fabricated in a "flow through"geometry. Because of the high specific power loadingsaccessible with microdischarges (> 100 kW-cm-3), arraysof these devices are well suited for the remediation of toxicgases. The emission spectra of gases flowing through asingle 100–400 μm diameter microdischarge are presentlybeing studied as a diagnostic of molecular fragmentationin the discharge and as a means of detecting impurities inthe gas flow stream.

Spatially-Resolved Detection of Weak Magnetic Fieldsby Laser Magneto-Optical TechniquesJ. G. Eden,* J. Gao,* J. M. Talmadge, R. Roth, A. FaiU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-01-1-0546


Magneto-optical techniques are being developed under thisprogram to detect weak (< 1 nT) magnetic fields forbiomedical applications. By employing epitaxial films ofnovel garnet films in combination with nonlinear optical

processes and synchronous detection, magnetic fields aslow as 10 nT have been detected reliably.

Visible and Infrared Laser SpectroscopyJ. G. Eden,* J. Gao, C. Zhu, A. A. Senin, R. Kogler,D. [email protected] Grumman Corp.


Atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy in the visible,ultraviolet, and infrared is the focus of this research effort.Currently, emphasis is being placed on the spectroscopy ofthe Rydberg states of the neon dimer and rubidium dimers.Excitation spectroscopy of the neon dimer has yielded thefirst rotationally resolved bands as well as observation oftriplet splitting. As a result, structural constants of themolecule have been determined. Femtosecond studies ofthe dissociation of diatomic molecules, observed in realtime, are also being carried out.

Metal Halide Lamp Plasma ModelJ. Gao,* J. G. Eden,* F. ShenAPL Engineered Materials

Calculations of ground and excited state potentials ofexcimer molecules of interest for lamp applications arebeing carried out. Comparison of experimentalphotoassociation spectra with quantum calculations hasresulted in improved molecular spectroscopic constants forthe xenon-monoiodide excimer that emits in the deepultraviolet at 254 nm. The optimization procedure alsoinvolves comparison with emission data, and subsequentstudies will focus on the mercury dimer.

OptoelectronicsNext-Generation Optical Materials and DevicesK. D. Choquette,* J. J. [email protected] Science Foundation

The goal of nanotechnology is to create materials anddevices that exhibit novel and significantly improvedproperties due to their nanoscale size. We are developingnanophotonic light sources with enhanced characteristicsfor future photonic ultra-high-capacity communicationsystems. We seek to combine aggressive advances in 3-dimensional electronic confinement obtained fromquantum dots with the unprecedented optical confinementachieved from photonic crystals to develop the nextgeneration of highly efficient microcavity optical sources.


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Spatial, Temporal, and Spectral Localization forAdvanced Photonic ApplicationsK. D. Choquette,* J. J. [email protected] Advanced Research Project Agency

Future chip-based optoelectronic systems will require anunprecedented decrease of size and operating power, whilesimultaneously incorporating greater functionality andcomplexity. This research program builds on advancedmaterials and device concepts to create a multifunctionalphotonic crystal based photonic integrated circuit thatincorporates quantum dot active regions. We will explorediode injection and extraction to and from engineeredquantum dot structures, integrated with spatial selectivitywithin photonic crystal waveguides and opticalnanocavities. This project will encompass three levels oftechnology research: system integration, novel devicestructures, and advanced epitaxial growth. In the PhotonicDevice Research Group, our objective is to demonstrate aphotonic microsystem composed of an electrically injectedoptical source, compact waveguides, detectors, and opticalmemory elements.

High-Speed Wavelength-Agile Optical NetworkS. L. Chuang,* I. Adesida,* K. D. Choquette,*S. Lumetta*[email protected] Science Foundation

We propose to explore the architecture and devicedevelopment issues necessary to develop optical local areanetworks (LANs) that are ready to interface with opticalmetropolitan area networks (MANs). Our goal is todevelop a clear plan for integration of multiwavelengthLANs and MANs in order to improve the degree to whichthe benefits of high bandwidth in the MANs are deliveredto end users on the LANs. Our tasks include the following:quantitatively evaluate the impact of wavelengthconversion on network reliability and study the design ofall-optical access architectures that leverage high-speedwavelength conversion and add/drop channel capabilities;design and fabricate tunable laser sources and wavelengthconverters using composite resonator vertical cavity lasers;design and fabricate a novel semiconductor-basedwavelength converter capable of format-transparent andultrafast wavelength conversion; and design and fabricateadd/drop filters and photodetectors.

Parallel ProcessingIntelligent Information Spaces: A Testbed to Exploreand Evaluate Intelligent Devices and AugmentedRealitiesD. A. Reed,* R. H. Campbell, R. Kravets,M. D. Mickunas, K. Nahrstedt, L. ShaNational Science Foundation, EIA 99-72884


To support information environments where ubiquitous,intelligent devices unobtrusively share data, preferences,and contexts about users and their movement amongenvironments, this project is developing interoperablecomponent architectures for device coordination, seamlessobject communication for user quality of service, andadaptive user context and modality management. The goalis to define a software architecture capable of enabling amobile, responsive, and contextual informationenvironment where a broad collection of high-end datadisplay and visualization systems, low-power mobiledevices, and "smart" devices with widely varyingcapabilities are seamlessly integrated using dynamicallytailored software components.

Power and Energy SystemsFully Integrated Switch-Mode Power SuppliesP. L. Chapman,* C. LiuGrainger Center for Electric Machines andElectromechanics


A typical switch-mode dc power supply involves severalintegrated circuits and discrete passive components. Bymoving all the circuitry to a single integrated circuit, thecircuit is reduced in size and potentially cost. Powermanagement and distribution within a chip are betterenabled. Several versions of a step-up dc-dc converter havebeen demonstrated. Newer versions will take advantage ofMEMS technology to improve the quality of the passivecomponents and reduce the space occupied by the chip.


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Analysis and Design of Vector Controllers forInduction Machines Using Singular PerturbationP. T. Krein,* Z. SorchiniGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics


An alternative machine model is proposed for the analysisand design of controllers. Based on this framework andusing singular perturbation analysis, a sliding mode torquecontroller is presented. It is shown that under certainrestrictions, direct torque control (DTC) can be derivedfrom this controller. The derivation provides insight ondynamics and stability of DTC. In addition to the analysisof established controllers, new controllers are proposed. Inparticular, a controller based on stator flux is shown toencompass benefits of field oriented control and DTC,while avoiding their limitations. The viability of this newcontroller is confirmed experimentally.

Clean Power Supply for Dynamic Loads in Low-Voltage Digital SystemsP. T. Krein,* G. PitelNational Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643

Fast dc-dc dynamic performance is crucial for supplyingclean power to dynamic loads, especially in low-voltagedigital systems where fast, high-current load steps can leadto significant transients. Control and systems change aretwo approaches that allow converters to reject disturbanceswithout sacrificing bandwidth. Sophisticated controlmethods that harness load information can increase risetime performance by nearly an order of magnitude. Moderndigital systems have the necessary communicationinfrastructure to transmit this data to the supply so it canrespond intelligently. Hitherto unexplored topologies canroute current around system bottlenecks to achieve ultra-fast performance. Both approaches are being evaluated.

Comparison between Hard and Soft Turn-Off ofIGBTs in PWM InvertersP. T. Krein,* A. BanerjeeDelphi DEGS Scholarship

To ensure optimum benefit of insulated gate bipolartransistors (IGBT), their appropriate operation is crucial.Pulse-width modulation (PWM) exposes IGBTs tovariable duty cycles and frequencies. Hence, IGBTrobustness is necessary to ensure system reliability.Requirements such as low device stress versus lowcommutation losses demand conflicting gate-drivedesigns. The potential gains of incorporating either hardturn-off (straight turn-off of the gate once over-current is

detected) or soft turn-off (when over-current is detected,the gate voltage is brought down gradually to limit current,and then turn-off is initiated) techniques will be analyzedwith respect to design conflicts.

Design of Small Inverter-Fed Induction MotorsP. T. Krein,* M. AmrheinGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics


Nearly all induction machines built today are based onprevious designs, carrying on constraints imposed longago. Although new materials are employed, the basicconcepts have not changed in decades. However, withpower electronic inverters, some constraints no longerapply. This project investigates fundamental designchoices, such as number of phases, operating frequency,and number of poles, as well as geometric parameters. Thegoal is to derive design rules to yield machines withimproved efficiencies and operating characteristics.Design tools and methods specialized for inverter-dedicated induction machines are being developed, andcomplete machines will be designed and tested.

Development of an Automated First-Principles DesignTool for Electromechanical DevicesP. T. Krein,* T. O'[email protected] Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

The objective is to use closed-form solutions of Maxwell’sequations as a tool for first-principles design ofelectromechanical devices. In this research, aMathematica program has been developed that automatessuch a process. A generic layered is used to representmaterial in the rotor, stator, or air gap of an electricmachine. Current work focuses on better understandingthe nature of the fundamental fields and forces at workinside an electric machine. Conformal mapping based onthe Schwarz-Christoffel mapping theorem is beingexplored to solve analytically for magnetic fields andforces in two-dimensional machine structures.

Digital Control for Energy OptimizationP. T. Krein,* J. KimballNational Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643

Discrete-time ripple-correlation control (DRCC),developed with SmartSpark Energy Systems, extendsripple correlation control (RCC) into the digital domain.Analog RCC is reduced to a sample timing problem: Withcorrectly timed samples of variables, a microcontroller can


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determine the optimal operating point location.Convergence is fast and uniform. After the system is resetat open circuit, the solar panel is driven near maximumoutput power by choosing a voltage value relative to theopen-circuit measurement, enabling the DRCC algorithmto quickly converge to global maximum output and avoidundesirable operating points. DRCC is demonstrated overa wide range of solar conditions.

Distributed Controls in a Distributed DC PowerSystemP. T. Krein,* R. BalogNational Science Foundation Grant, ECS-0224829

Distributed dc bus architectures have become the standardfor power distribution in naval ships and telecommapplications. This study focused on distributed controltechniques for point of load (POL) converters that actlocally but in an orchestrated manner to ensure reliablesystem operation without a central controller. It is expectedthat information contained in the bus voltage can provideadequate information about the system state of health. Totest these algorithms, a number of POL converters andcontrols were designed and built to create a distributed dcsystem.

Flexible Digital PWM Control for Embedded PowerConvertersP. T. Krein,* X. [email protected] of Illinois, Motorola Center forCommunications


Switching power conversion for portable communications,personal digital assistants and most other electronicproducts is controlled through pulse width modulation(PWM). Since PWM produces strong components at theswitching frequency and its multiples, one objective of X.Geng and P. Krein is to study spectral characteristics ofPWM for purposes of noise and switching lossmanagement. Nonrandom switching schemes are beingdeveloped to reduce interference without extra losses.Applications include flexible digital implementations forthe full range of dc-dc converters and small motor driveunits for automotive loads.

Mitigation of Power System Collapse through ActiveDynamic BuffersP. T. Krein,* W. [email protected] Science Foundation Grant, NSF ECS-0224829

Power electronics continues to grow as an element ofelectrical loads. Loads such as motor drives, computerpower supplies, and compact fluorescent lighting serve to"isolate" load dynamics from the utility grid and enforceconstant power behavior. They tend to destabilize the grid.In this study, power buffering is examined as a way tomitigate effects of constant power loads by controlling thedynamic impedance of the converter during a disturbance.Experiments have shown the advantages of using powerbuffers. Further work involves studying the interaction ofmultiple power-buffer converters in a distributed system.

Re-Rating of Induction Machines for TractionApplicationsP. T. Krein,* M. Amrhein, B. I. FierroGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

Electrical machines used in traction applications are oftenchosen such that their rated power matches the need.However, a machine is inherently designed for a certaintorque. Higher output power can be achieved by spinningthe motor faster at constant flux. By re-rating the statorwinding of the machine to a low nominal voltage, theconstant torque range can be extended to higherfrequencies and speeds, thus increasing the output power.A 2.25 kW machine was re-rated by a factor of 2:1 andtested in three configurations. The efficiency increasedwith increasing frequency, provided the machine operatedat constant torque.

Software Development for a Modular InverterP. T. Krein,* P. L. Chapman,* G. Zhang, J. WellsGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

A modular inverter is being created to serve as a test bedfor various motor drive control schemes. This project is todevelop a software common platform for controlalgorithms. By integrating Matlab/Simulink, CodeComposer Studio, and Spectrum Digital eZdsp, we are ableto streamline software development from computersimulation to target implementation. The process isefficient and allows developers to focus on the controlscheme. A user graphical interface allows real-time controlof multiple parameters and data logging.


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Torque-Angle-Oriented Control for Induction MotorsP. T. Krein,* G. ZhangGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics


Constant voltage-frequency-ratio control, field-orientedcontrol, and direct torque control are the most popular acmotor control methods. There are also numeroustechniques to improve the static and dynamic performanceby applying more complex algorithms to these controls.The goal of a proposed torque-angle-oriented control is tosimplify control algorithms so that reasonably good staticand dynamic performance may be achieved without addingcomplexity to the motor control system. A digitalalgorithm has been developed and tested to show theadvantages of the torque-angle approach.

A Microgrid-Based Telecom Power System UsingModular Multiple-Input Dc-Dc ConvertersP. T. Krein,* A. KwasinskiGrainger Center for Electric Machinery andElectromechanics

A microgrid is an independently controlled portion of anelectrical grid. It comprises its own power sources (suchas fuel cells, solar cells, microturbines), energy storagedevices (such as flywheels, batteries, ultracapacitors), andloads, usually interconnected with a larger grid. Withindependent control, a microgrid with a utility tie candeliver high reliability, high efficiency, and uninterruptiblepower functions, while reducing energy storage needscompared to traditional systems. This work explores amicrogrid-based telecommunications power plant with adistributed architecture. Combinations of converters andcontrols create a flexible, reliable plant that meetsperformance needs of modern telecommunication systems.

A Stochastic Approach to Power Factor CorrectionP. T. Krein,* J. KimballNational Science Foundation, ECS 06-21643

Power factor correction (PFC) converters enablecomputers and other electronic devices to operate nearunity power factor. Without PFC, they would injectharmonic currents into the power grid and disrupt otherequipment. Kalman filters and related stochastictechniques are used to extract current information fromvoltages and eliminate current sensors. Kalman filter-based controllers can be modified to generate any currentwaveform, allowing both unity and non-unity PFC to beaccomplished with a small software adjustment. Thisallows the power converter designed to exploit allowed

harmonics and, depending on the application, to eitherreduce cost or improve reliability.

Critical Cutsets for Static Transfer Stability LimitsP. W. Sauer,* B. [email protected] Science Foundation and Grainger FoundationEndowments

This project is investigating possible direct data indications(line flow measurements) of closeness to voltage collapseand methods to increase margins to voltage collapse. Thegoal is to evaluate this information using SCADAmeasurements rather than model-based computation.

Dynamic Behavior and Load Model Estimation fromMeasurementsP. W. Sauer,* S. [email protected] Science Foundation and Grainger FoundationEndowments

This project is investigating the use of phasor measurementunit data to provide real-time estimates of system dynamicbehavior and estimates of load model structures and theirassociated parameters. The dynamic behavior would bequantified by estimated levels of system damping forcritical modes.

Phasor Measurement Unit Computation AlgorithmsP. W. Sauer,* R. [email protected] Foundation Endowments

This project is investigating various alternative algorithmsthat might be used by intelligent electronic devices (IEDs)to measure phasors during transients. Assumptions aboutbalanced or unbalanced system conditions and off-nominalfrequency complicate the options for these measurements.In addition, filtering and averaging issues create furtheroptions for alternative algorithms.

Trustworthy Communication and ComputingArchitectures for Power SystemsP. W. Sauer*[email protected] Science Foundation

This project is investigating the needs of power systemcommunication and computing environments for futureuse in deregulated power systems. This includes the needto share information between regions and independentoperators.


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Value of Real and Reactive Power ReservesP. W. Sauer,* P. [email protected] Rocca Fellowship and Grainger FoundationEndowments

This project is investigating the technical and economicissues associated with determining the value of real andreactive power reserves. These reserves can be brokendown into various components that reflect their operationalbenefits to the system. The issues with each component arebeing addressed from an economic and reliability point ofview.

Voltage and Reactive Power Computation forContingency Analysis using SensitivitiesP. W. Sauer,* P. [email protected] Rocca Fellowship and Grainger FoundationEndowments

This project is investigating alternatives to full AC powerflow techniques in contingency analysis. While sensitivityanalysis is normally limited to real power computation forestimating line flows, this work is considering piecewiselinear methods that reflect the physical limits on reactivepower sources and voltage control. This preserves thelinear nature of the contingency analysis while recognizingan important nonlinearity.

Programming Languages, FormalSystems, and Software EngineeringActor Coordination Abstractions, Semantics, andImplementationG. Agha,* C. VarelaUniversity of Illinois


This research focuses on the complexity of expressinginteraction and coordination in Web-based computing.Researchers are working on providing high-levelmechanisms to manage the complexity of scaling upcomputations over the Web, piggy-backing on theavailability of Java byte-code for portability. The projectdefines several actor-based abstractions (casts, directors,messengers) to effectively harness the power of the WorldWide Web as a global computing infrastructure. Groups ofactors, or casts, represent an abstraction unit for naming,synchronization, migration, composition, and loadbalancing. Each cast contains a director, and intercast

communication is performed via special actors namedmessengers.

Agent Generation and ControlG. Agha,* N. Jamali, P. ThatiU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-97-1-0382


Agents provide a natural abstraction for usinggeographically distributed computational and memoryresources. Agents are autonomous mobile actors that maybe invoked to satisfy specific goals that may requiretraveling across physical and economic boundaries. Agentsand agent ensembles can exhibit resource consumptive orotherwise unsafe behavior, raising security and resourcemanagement concerns. Agents must, therefore, be limitedby the resources they consume in pursuing a goal. Theproject is developing concepts necessary to providelinguistic and system support for defining multiagentarchitectures. A related goal is to extend the mathematicaltheory of actors to allow reasoning about multiagentsystems.

Customizable Coordination Services for Large-ScaleNetwork Embedded SystemsG. Agha,* P. Chang, P. Thati, R. ZiaeiDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,F49620-97-1-0382


The focus of this research is on developing applicationindependent services to coordinate large scale networkembedded systems. The coordination services will usecustomization and composition to enable dynamicadaptation in uncertain environments. The approach is todefine algorithms that are based on stochastic models ofsystem behavior, which enable the research team torepresent the incompleteness in information about thecurrent global system state as well as the unpredictabilityof the environment. The operational model usesprobabilistic transitions rather than simplenondeterministic interleavings of actions, and it explicitlyaccounts for duration of transitions. The goal is to developalgorithms that provide for coordination in real-time andthat guarantee the desired properties with sufficiently highprobabilities. Examples include algorithms forapproximate consensus (such as approximate synchrony),recovery, and hierarchical coordination. The algorithmswill be implemented to provide a code basis for applicationindependent coordination services. The implementationstrategy is to build a repository of basic coordination


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services using reflective middleware. The goal will be toderive more complex algorithms based on simpler coreresource management services.

Parametric Models for Large-Scale Agent SystemsG. Agha,* N. Jamali, P. Thati, R. ZiaeiDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,F30602-00-2-0586


A goal of this research is to develop mathematical modelsto support the analysis and modeling of complex, large-scale agent systems. Instead of simple nondeterminism, thenew theory will represent behavior stochastically.Moreover, instead of the current approach of using input-output behavior of individual agents, it will allow thebehavior to be parametric in terms of variables thatrepresent aggregated behavior of large numbers of agents.The operational model uses probabilistic transitions overan abstract representation of the current state of the system.The use of statistical techniques on this model foraggregating behaviors opens up the possibility of studyingconditions under which either a stable equilibrium orchaotic behavior may occur. Another goal is to develop aradically different logical framework for expressingproperties of large-scale agent systems. The framework isinspired by Quantum Logics, which allow the expressionof testable properties. This is in contrast to the usualalgebraic approach that assumes every sentence (whethertestable or not) can be assigned a truth value. Specifically,this research will enable macroscopic properties to beexpressed without implying assertions about how theyarise.

Software Architectures for Distributed SystemsG. Agha,* M. AstleyUniversity of Illinois; National Science Foundation, CCR9619522


The term middleware describes a set of services forintegrating components of a distributed application, suchas coordination and communication mechanisms.Recently, middleware services have been developed thatsupport fault-tolerance, security, and other high-levelpolicies. Such services have a fixed semantics, theirimplementation being influenced by the semantics of theapplication and the nature of the execution environment.The goal of this research is to provide a modular frameworkfor developing middleware services. The project isformulating theoretical, linguistic, and run-time supportfor developing the needs of a particular application.

Particular attention is paid to placement and mobility issuesand vertical integration requirements.

Specifying and Deriving Mobile SystemsG. Agha,* P. Thati, R. ZiaeiU.S. Army, JHU 8812-48151


This research is focused on studying formal methods forspecifying and verifying distributed software systems. Theobjective is to use automated deduction tools to reasonabout certain properties of mobile agents in opendistributed systems. More specifically, security issues inauthentication protocols and agent design are beingstudied. The project is formalizing an appropriate semanticframework that captures the fundamental properties ofmobile computing and simplifies the task of reasoning. Aspecification language and logic will be developed basedon the semantic framework. Finally, automated reasoningenvironments will be explored to find a suitable platformto implement the reasoning system.

Real-Time and Embedded SystemsSoD: A Feedback-Based Architecture for HighlyReliable Embedded SoftwareT. Abdelzaher,* L. Sha, M. Caccamo, D. MarinovNational Science Foundation, CNS-0613665

The focus of this project is on developing a theory andarchitectural framework for incorporating feedbackcontrol as a main principle of software engineering. Thisproposal develops scientific foundations, tools, andarchitectural design principles to improve the reliabilityand reduce the development cost of mission-criticalsoftware. Two common approaches to ensure reliablesystem behavior are: scientific foundations, tools, andarchitectural principles for ensuring elimination of errors;and foundations, tools, and architectural principles forensuring tolerance to such errors. While the first solutionis sufficient, building completely error-free large-scalesystems has been an elusive exercise as evidenced byexperiences with today's engineering artifacts (e.g., recallson vehicles, cascading power blackouts, and so forth).Consequently, a new approach to robust software design,development, and certification is needed that addresses theincreasing cost and safety implications of the currentpractices. Feedback control has proven to be a verysuccessful tool for ensuring correct behavior of complex,poorly modeled systems in the presence of uncertainty.This project applies principles of feedback control andstability envelopes to the engineering of software systems.


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ITR: Collaborative Research: Efficient ResourceManagement for Controlled-Mobility WirelessNetworksE. Frazzoli,* L. Sha, P. R. Kumar, M. Caccamo,N. A. NeogiNational Science Foundation, CCF-0325716

A controlled-mobility wireless network (CMWN) isdefined as a network of embedded devices endowed withcomputation, communication, and motion capabilities.The purpose of this project is the development of a newconceptual framework for the design, development, andoperation of efficient and reliable networks with suchcharacteristics. The overall objectives of the basic researchproposed in this project are: the development of aconceptually sound, consistent, and complete frameworkfor the analysis of the interactions between competingcomputation, communication, and motion controlrequirements, arising in the design of CMWNs; the design,analysis, and performance characterization of distributedalgorithms and communication protocols for provablyefficient and adaptive CMWNs; the specification,implementation, and verification of software, middleware,and networking services for the deployment ofrepresentative CMWNs.

Defect-Tolerant System Integration and EvolutionL. Sha*U.S. Office of Naval Research, Sha 2063


Large software systems are developed by integratingsoftware components. Unfortunately, many complexsoftware components often contain defects. On the otherhand, the technology exists to develop modest-sizesoftware components with a high degree of confidence.Flight control software is an example. This researchfocuses on algorithms and architectures that can leveragesimple high-assurance components to ensure the integrityof large distributed real-time systems in spite of faults incomplex software components.

Dependable and Secured Embedded SystemsL. Sha,* V. Adve, M. SpongNational Science Foundation, CNS 0209202


Faults and attacks during upgrades can be classified intothree categories: application level control logic faults orattacks; code, data, thread, or process access faults orattacks; and resource depletion faults or attacks. To protectagainst them, our work will focus on integrated compilerstatic analysis and runtime checks to enforce the resource

usage limits and to protect code, data, thread, andprocesses; and advanced safety controllers that can protectagainst coordinated control logic faults or attacks.Together with real-time scheduling technology, they forma foundation upon which applications can be upgradedwithout shutting down normal operation. Furthermore, thesystem stability can be maintained in spite of insiderattacks masquerading as upgrades.

Quality of Surveillance and Control in NetworkCentric WarfareL. Sha,* J. C. Hou,* M. Caccamo, W.-P. Chen,P. R. Kumar, R. Iyer, R. ZhengOffice of Naval Research, Multidisciplinary ResearchProgram of University Research Initiative


In this project, we aim to develop a sound scientificfoundation and technologies to allocate computing,sensing, and communication resources in a way that willenhance the quality of surveillance and control for theDepartment of Defense's vision of network centriccooperative engagement. We are working with the DoDcommunity to develop model problems that embody thefundamental scientific and engineering challenges facedby DoD systems, including network of multifunctionradars, distributed sensor network, and advanced avionicssystems. We are working to solve these model problems,demonstrate the solutions, and transition the technologiesto major DoD programs through technology transitionpartners.

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingComposable ProcessorsN. P. Carter,* R. Gupta, G. Rasche, J. StineDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MARCOCenter

As silicon fabrication technology improves, processors andsystem-on-a-chip (SOC) designs are moving towardgridded layouts to minimize the impact of wire delays onperformance. The composable processors project isstudying techniques to reduce the design time and cost ofgrid-based custom processors through the use of a set ofpre-designed "tiles" that can be composed together to forma variety of custom system architectures. In addition to thedesign of the tiles and systems that use them, we aredeveloping software techniques to automatically generate


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high-performance, low-cost architectures for specificapplications in this design methodology.

Magnetoelectronic Reconfigurable LogicN. P. Carter*[email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-02-1-1038

We are developing reconfigurable logic systems based ona novel magnetoelectronic device: the Hybrid Hall Effectdevice. These circuits can be configured to compute a widerange of logic functions with nonvolatile storage of theiroutputs and can be easily integrated into CMOS designs.Current challenges include reducing the powerconsumption of our circuits and developing systemarchitectures that best take advantage of their capabilities.

Self-Healing Reliable Reconfigurable SystemsN. P. Carter*[email protected] of Illinois

Reconfigurable logic is an attractive fabric for reliablesystem design because faults in portions of the logic canbe corrected by reconfiguring the system to avoid the faultyresources. We are developing design techniques forreliable systems implemented using reconfigurable logic.These techniques combine application-directed synthesisof redundant functionality to tolerate errors, run-timedetection of faults, incremental synthesis for fast repair,and global resynthesis to avoid cumulative effects frommultiple faults.

The Amalgam Programmable-ReconfigurableProcessorN. P. Carter*[email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0824

Amalgam combines several conventional processors andblocks of reconfigurable architecture into a singlemicroprocessor, using a clustered architecture to minimizethe impact of wire delay on cycle time. Our results showthat this architecture generates an average of greater than12x speedup over a simple microprocessor on a range ofbenchmarks. We are currently developing compilertechniques for this architecture, as well as investigatingarchitectural features to improve performance in far-futurefabrication processes.

Architectural Models for Highly ConcurrentInstruction ExecutionM. I. Frank,* S. J. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCF-0429711

Superscalar processors can concurrently execute severalinstructions from a single thread, but are limited in theamount of concurrency they can find and exploit becausethey must fetch and rename instructions in program order.We build on compiler-assisted thread level parallelizationmechanisms that concurrently fetch, rename, and executemultiple, widely separated, portions of the program. Weare developing new dynamic techniques for using control-dependence information to find and exploit globalinstruction-level concurrency within a single thread ofexecution. Using these techniques, we can achieveexecution rates four to ten times that achievable bysuperscalar processors.

Advanced Predicate-Domain Code OptimizationW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. SiasIntel Corporation

The predicated representation, in which control isimplemented via conditional execution of instructionsrather than branches, presents two general categories ofnew optimization opportunities: the optimization ofprogram decision logic and the optimization ofcomputation code using predication. This project aims toreduce control overhead by extracting control expressionsfrom predicated code, optimizing these expressions usingBoolean minimization techniques, and re-expressingcontrol using more efficient sequences of predicatedefining instructions. In the second area, this project workstoward a paradigm in which stores, branches, and loopboundaries can be reordered freely to achieve performancegoals.

Architecture and Compiler Techniques for OptimizingMemory AccessesW.-M. Hwu,* H.-S. Kim, E. M. NystromNational Science Foundation, CCR 96-29948/98-09478;Intel Corporation

The goal of this research is to develop an integratedcompiler and architecture approach to drastically reducethe frequency and cost of memory accesses in futurecomputer systems. In particular, a compiler strategy that isbuilt upon interprocedural pointer analysis and newheuristics for estimating the probability of colliding pointercontents will be developed to take full advantage of the dataspeculation features in future microprocessors. Theinsights provided by fully disambiguated memory accesses


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may drastically change the future course of run-time dataspeculation supports.

Automatic Transformation of Traditional SoftwareComponents into a Data-Flow Execution ModelW.-M. Hwu,* C.-W. Li, H.-S. [email protected]/MARCO Gigascale Systems Research Center(GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation

Due to the cost of building ever-larger uniprocessors withstandard, single global on-chip storage, future gigascalecomputing platforms will increasingly rely on special-purpose hardware accelerators that employ decentralizeddata-flow computation models. However, the traditionalvon Neumann programming model will continue to bestrongly preferred due to the high cost of changing thefundamental software model. To improve designproductivity in the presence of the widening gap betweenthe programming model and the underlying hardwareplatform, we are developing deep program analysis andtransformation techniques that will enable tools toautomatically extract data flow computation componentsfrom a von Neumann program.

Compiler and Architecture Support for ProgramTunnelingW.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick,H.-S. KimHewlett-Packard

Modern programming paradigms often impose majorperformance penalties on application programs. Objectoriented programming, structured exception handling,automatic memory management, middleware services, andoperating system calls are all examples of such costlyfeatures. The goal of this research is to eliminate the costof these features for the frequently traversed paths ofexecutable programs. Architecture support, in the form ofnew protection schemes and no-overhead profilingmechanisms, will be developed to enable the run-timeoptimizer to safely perform aggressive optimizations.

Configurable On-Chip Memory MicroarchitecturesW.-M. Hwu,* H. C. Hunter, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li,H.-S. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation

Simple technology scaling offers little hope for breakingthe difficult scalability and power/performance barriersassociated with traditional on-chip memories. This projectseeks to design new configurable on-chip SRAM

microarchitectures that will enable large SRAM structuresto approach the power efficiency of small custommemories for memory-intensive applications such asmedia and signal processing. The proposed structuressupport configurability in access ports, access latencies,and sleep-drowsy states. Our deep analysis toolset, acarefully engineered symbiosis of whole-program dataflow, control flow, and pointer/data structure analyses, willdisaggregate the application's memory data flows and willallow transformation of existing programs to take fulladvantage of the configurability of the new SRAMstructures.

Deep Program AnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, H. C. Hunter,C.-W. Li, H.-S. KimIntel Corporation; National Science Foundation,98-09478

Current code analysis techniques draw dependences basedlargely on program structure and on register and memoryaccesses, many of which are not inherent to algorithms butare merely side effects of implementation in a particulararchitecture or coding paradigm. The conservative natureof these analysis techniques limits the compiler's ability toperform broad, powerful code optimizations. Deepprogram analysis is intended to discern the fundamentalalgorithmic dependences of input programs from amongthose artificially imposed. The application of deep programanalysis techniques could revolutionize programoptimization, memory access microarchitecture, softwaredevelopment process, software verification, and softwaredebugging.

IMPACT Post-Link Optimization FrameworkW.-M. Hwu,* M. C. Merten, R. D. Barnes,E. M. NystromHewlett-Packard; Microsoft Corp.


Commercial software vendors distribute products in binaryexecutable form, compiled for a specific processor. Verylimited technology exists for optimizing binaryexecutables, thus preventing end users from optimizingprograms for their particular machines and usage patterns.To remedy this problem, this project is creating a binaryoptimization framework that will serve as a bridge betweenthe binary executable and the IMPACT compiler. Usingthis framework, the team can experiment withoptimizations targeted machine. Such optimization couldbe performed at the time of program installation or offline,while the user's machine is idle.


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IMPACT Run-Time Optimization FrameworkW.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, E. M. [email protected] Micro Devices; Microsoft Corp.

Aggressive code specialization at compile time can achievesignificant performance gains, although it is typicallylimited by risks of profile-dependence and code-explosion.Therefore, we are developing a framework for adaptive,runtime optimization, allowing profiling andspecialization of code regions based on the currentworkload profile. Rather than solely focusing onopportunities in relatively unoptimized applications, thisframework focuses on providing an efficient architecturefor targeting optimization of opportunities presented byeven the most aggressively optimized code. Componentsof these frameworks include efficient runtime optimizationalgorithms, techniques for identifying optimizationcandidates using nonintrusive profiling, and seamlessdeployment of optimized code.

Java Run-Time ArchitectureW.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, H.-S. KimHewlett-Packard

This project focuses on enhancements needed to createhighly optimized native code for dynamic Java serverapplications. This includes the construction of a next-generation Java run-time prototype that offers a means ofintegration between dynamic code production and staticcode reuse. Also included are a streamlined object model,nonintrusive profiling, dynamic optimizations, reducedintermodule communication overhead, run-timedeployment of optimized code, improved memorymanagement subsystem, and hardware enhancements tosupport Java specific features.

Memory-Efficient EPIC ProcessorsW.-M. Hwu,* N. P. Carter, H. Hunter, C.-W. LiSemiconductor Research Corporation

Researchers are developing an improved EPIC architecturethat will provide the high performance required byupcoming embedded applications while significantlyreducing power consumption and memory bandwidthrequirements. This architecture divides the processingresources of the chip into four independent clusters, witheach cluster having its own program-controllable datamemory. A decoded instruction buffer in each clusterreduces instruction fetch bandwidth and powerconsumption in loops. Compiler techniques are beingdeveloped to coordinate intercluster data movement toeliminate many of the memory accesses required during

the execution of media programs on conventionalarchitectures.

Multipass EPIC MicroarchitectureW.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom,S. J. Patel, N. [email protected] Corporation; Hewlett-Packard

It is well established that the in-order microarchitectureused by EPIC processor such as Itanium can exploit thecompiler's proficiency in planning parallelism. However,the inability of this substrate to accommodate unexpectedlatencies, such as data cache misses, is its most vexingweakness. To address this problem, we propose multipasspipelining, a new class of in-order microarchitectures inwhich the processor pipeline defers execution ofinstructions with unready operands for later processing,thereby avoiding stalls. A first-generation design of thistechnique delivers substantial performance improvementsfor applications with significant memory stalls. Futuregenerations promise to further enhance the performancewhile reducing complexity, area, and power.

Next-Generation EPIC Compiler TechnologyW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, S.-Z. Ueng,S. Ryoo, G. A. Kent, I. M. [email protected] Corporation; Hewlett-Packard

We have demonstrated that IMPACT's aggressive use ofpredication, speculation, and code replication in itsstructural transformation approach can attain substantialinteger code performance increases over contemporarycompilers for Itanium2. Challenges and opportunitiesremain: sophisticated combinations of transformationsrequired to expose desired levels of instruction-levelparallelism pose profile-dependence and stability issues.Selective specialization, while not yet controlled with greatprecision, shows an ability to improve instruction cachingas well as ILP. Control and data speculation interactnontrivially with optimizations and operating systemmodels. Finally, more sophisticated region selection andoptimization techniques promise increasingly efficient useof wide EPIC resources.

OpenIMPACT Compiler ReleaseW.-M. Hwu,* R. E. Kidd, J. W. Sias, E. M. [email protected]; Hewlett-Packard; National Science Foundation,CCR 98-09404

This project aims to release the IMPACT research compileras a general-purpose, open-source compiler for the IA64


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Linux platform. The research compiler's features, such aspredicated compilation, instruction-level parallelismoptimizations, compiler-engineered speculation, andprofile-based optimizations, as well as its extensibleresearch framework, will be retained. In addition, an easy-to-use interface will be provided that will allowOpenIMPACT to be used as a high-performancealternative to traditional compilers. This project will bereleased under the University of Illinois (UIUC/NCSA)Open Source License.

Predicate Analysis and Predicate-Aware DataflowAnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. SiasIntel Corporation

Efficient and accurate analysis of predicate relationshipsand predicate-aware dataflow analysis are essential toeffective optimization and scheduling of predicated code.A predicate analysis engine must first quickly analyze thecode at the function level to determine all relationshipsamong predicates. Then, it must store its findings in adatabase that can accurately and efficiently answer queriesabout the relations among predicates. The first objective ofthis project is to create a function-level, accurate, andefficient predicate analysis engine. The second objective isto create a predicate-aware dataflow analysis engine that isboth accurate and fast.

Rapid Customization of Systems SoftwareW.-M. Hwu,* J. N. Navarro, E. Nystrom, R. Barnes,S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent, J. Player, J. Cours, D. YangMARCO, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(part of MARCO Center Soft Systems Thrust)

The objective of the project is to develop compiler-based,deep program analysis that transcends the boundariescurrently separating the application, the dynamicallylinked libraries, and the operating system. Code-specialization of library functions and operating systemservices is based on interprocedural analysis ofapplications, programmatic logic analysis, data valueanalysis, and interthread escape analysis. Unnecessarycode and modules are eliminated. A new fundamentalmodel of the operating system functions, based onmicrokernel concepts, is developed to systematicallyverify the correctness of each customized version.Customization technologies are developed at the sourceand then at the binary level, with the long-term goal ofhandling commercial software. Potential benefits includerapid generation of software, smaller software footprints,reduced energy consumption, and higher performance.

Scalable Deep Program AnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li,H.-S. Kim, S. Ryoo, N. Navarro, S. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); National Science Foundation,Information Technology Research

Future breakthroughs in computer architecture, softwareengineering, and trustworthy computing will rely on thecompiler to perform program analyses that are consideredinfeasible today. Deep program analysis refers to compile-time techniques that can derive important properties of theprogram execution accurately. Examples of deep analysisinclude value ranges that can be assumed by variables,realizable data flow through memory objects, and memorylocations that can be accessed by program components.New scalable approaches to deep program analysis arebeing developed to enable their application to large,complex software systems.

Scalable, Accurate Interprocedural Pointer AnalysisW.-M. Hwu,* E. M. Nystrom, H.-S. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); National Science Foundation,Information Technology Research, CCR 98-09478

Pointer analysis is a critical foundation for virtually alladvanced program analysis techniques. In a programminglanguage like C that supports an explicit address operator,indirect calls, structures, heap allocation, and pointercasting, memory activity can easily be obscured. Webelieve that highly accurate results and the ability to scaleto large programs do not have to be mutually exclusivegoals. To this end, a pointer analysis framework has beendeveloped that provides an efficient representation forachieving accurate results through novel mechanisms todeal with procedural side effects, global variables, heaplocations, and fields.

Ubiquitous Instruction-Level ParallelismArchitecturesW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom,H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. KentIntel; Motorola, Inc.; Microsoft Corp.; National ScienceFoundation, 98-09478

As instruction-level parallelism (ILP) architectures such asIntel IA-64 and TI C6x move into the mainstream ofcomputing, it has become critical to solve the technicalproblems involved in making these architecturesappropriate for future embedded applications. The goal ofthis research is to develop new compiler, architecture, and


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microarchitecture concepts to drastically reduce the codesize, data transfers, energy consumption, and die size offuture ILP processors. New techniques will also bedeveloped to further enhance the performance of future ILPmicroprocessors.

Ultra-efficient Giga-scale Computing PlatformArchitectureW.-M. Hwu,* S. Lumetta, N. Navarro, D. Burke,J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim,R. D. Barnes, H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, J. Player,I. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); Advanced Micro Devices; Xilinx; IBM

This project seeks to achieve orders of magnitude ofimprovement in power efficiency in future computingplatforms by systematically synthesizing and utilizinghardware accelerators in the forms of ASIP, ASIC, andFPGA. This approach is motivated by the availability ofimmense numbers of transistors in future chips and thelimitation of activating only a tiny fraction of them at anygiven time. New system architectures allow seamlessintegration of accelerators with processors containingextremely high-bandwidth, short-latency communication.Advanced program analysis and transformation techniquesconvert traditional memory side-effect-based executionactivities into explicit data flow, enabling extremelyefficient direct hardware execution.

Value Analysis Compilation FrameworkW.-M. Hwu,* J. W. SiasIntel Corp.

Analyzing the flow of values through programcomputation provides many opportunities for improvingthe performance of computer systems. This project has tworelated objectives: the optimization of existing control flowthrough value analysis and value speculation. Value flowanalysis facilitates dead code elimination and controloptimization. Value speculation refers to the execution ofinstructions before all source operand values have beendetermined. This can be done when instructions generatethe same value for each execution, the same value for ahigh percentage of executions, or predictable values.Compilers can exploit these regularities through codespecializations, collectively referred to as valuespeculation.

Verification of Run-time Optimized CodeW.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, J. W. Sias, M. C. Merten,A. R. Trick, R. D. BarnesHewlett-Packard

Executable programs are increasingly optimized andmodified in the field. Just-in-time compilation of Javaprograms is a well-known example of such run-time codemodification. The goal of this research is to overcome thetechnical challenges involved in automatic verification ofrun-time optimized code. An interdisciplinary approachthat integrates program analysis algorithms and hardwaretest and verification techniques will be developed to covera wide variety of software defects.

An Engineering Prototyping Environment forCompiling C Program Components into Application-Specific LogicW.-M. Hwu,* D. R. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC); Xilinx; IBM; Mentor Graphics

This project seeks to establish an engineering prototypingenvironment to enable research in ultra-efficient gigascalecomputing platforms. In this environment, we areprototyping processor design, operating system support,compiler technology, synthesis paths, libraries, and devicedrivers needed in future heterogeneous software and logicsystems. The first generation prototype is based on theXilinx ML300 board, the Linux kernel, the MentorGraphics ASAP tool chain, and the IMPACT compiler.The initial applications being prototyped are from thedesign driver applications of the MARCO GigascaleSystems Research Center with emphasis on future homeentertainment applications.

Fault-Injection-Based BenchmarkingR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, S. Chen, C. [email protected], Inc.

In this research, we propose to explore issues andtechniques for intrusion detection and intrusion tolerancein networked environments. Specifically, we will focus onanalyzing data on security attacks to determinevulnerabilities exploited by attackers and to classify theattacks according to their causes; generating measurement-based security attack models depicting the attack process;creating stochastic models that reflect behaviors of thesystem in the presence of variable workloads, errors, andsecurity attacks; investigating measures and experimentalprocedures for benchmarking system reliability andsecurity; understanding potential inconsistencies in


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application and system implementation; and proposingsoftware and hardware intrusion detection and preventiontechniques.

Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC): ReliableSystems ThrustR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, W. Gu, K. Pattabiraman,G. Saggese, M. Gupta, N. [email protected]/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems ResearchCenter (GSRC)

Our focus is on designing hierarchical systems of hardwareand software detection and recovery mechanisms to handlemultiple and/or near coincident errors and to limit (orprevent) error propagation. We will explore a four-tieredapproach to develop and integrate detection and recoverysupport at different levels of the system hierarchy. Theselevels can be classified as embedded programmablehardware support; operating system support; compilersupport; and application support. Additional work willinclude updates to the ARMOR (adaptive reconfigurablemobile objects of reliability) software, NFTAPE, and theReliability and Security Engine (RSE) project.

ITR: Methodologies and Tools for Designing andImplementing Large-Scale, Real-Time SystemsR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, L. Wang, A. [email protected] Science Foundation, Information TechnologyResearch Program, #0121658 (Subcontracted fromVanderbilt University)


The research proposed is to develop methodologies andtools for designing and implementing very large-scale,real-time embedded computer systems that achieveultrahigh computational performance through use ofparallel hardware architectures; achieve and maintainfunctional integrity via distributed, hierarchicalmonitoring and control; are required to be highly available;and are dynamically reconfigurable, maintainable, andevolvable. The specific application that will drive thisresearch and provide a test platform for it is the trigger anddata acquisition system for BTeV, an accelerator-basedhigh-energy physics experiment to study matter-antimatterasymmetries in the decays of particles containing thebottom quark.

Processor Level Error Detection and RecoveryTechniquesR. K. Iyer*[email protected] Research Council

This research is aimed at providing hardware-level, low-latency error detection and recovery. To achieve this goalwe will develop and demonstrate hardware-implementederror detection and security mechanisms embedded asmodules in the hardware-level framework, which isimplemented as in integral part of a superscalarmicroprocessor. While the framework closely interactswith the processor pipeline, we do not propose to redesignthe pipeline. Rather, the intent is to understand the pipelineto the extent needed for defining a robust interface withwhich we can demonstrate the operation and efficacy(coverage) of the modules. The framework and its interfacewith the pipeline are implemented in a reconfigurableportion of the die along with the processor. Examplehardware modules we will explore include preemptivecontrol-flow checking, a process health monitor,hardware-based checkpointing, and pointer-taintednesstracking.

Quality of Distributed Control and SurveillanceR. K. Iyer,* N. Breems, M. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency;Multidisciplinary Research Program of the UniversityResearch Initiative, N000914-01-1-0576

Conducted at the Coordinated Science Laboratory

The objective of this proposal is to create a scientificfoundation for the distributed optimization problem ofcontrol and surveillance. The goal of our research is toinvestigate fault-tolerant and secure communication in awireless or wireline environment, (e.g. an ad-hoc sensornetwork). In our approach, we explore and prototype atransparent, high-availability framework for supportingclient-server applications operating over wireline orwireless networks, investigate issues and solutions (e.g.protocols) in supporting reliable and securecommunications in wireless (e.g. sensor networks), anddevelop a remote vehicle testbed to investigate and testreal-time, secure, and fault-tolerant control.


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A Compiler-Enabled Model and Measurement-DrivenAdaptation Environment for Dependability andPerformanceR. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, K. [email protected] Science Foundation, CNS-0406351


This proposal has the potential for innovation of newmeasurement-driven and compiler enabled early detection,making the task of detection and diagnosis of performanceproblems and operational faults more efficient. To builddetectors that can predict the likelihood of failures, we willuse experimental system analysis to identify correlationsbetween system behaviors and subsequent failureoccurrence. Our research will employ measurement dataand their analysis, together with compiler analysis ofprogram behavior, to devise a methodology for data-drivendiscovery of early symptoms of errors, characterization ofsystem/application sensitivity to errors, and identificationof locations to place new detectors and guide engineeringof application-specific detectors.

Future Communication Technology for Public SafetyL. Liu,* J. P. Monks, W.-M. HwuMotorola, Inc.

In the next decade, the communications technology forpublic safety officials will be revamped to take advantageof the capability of modern digital communicationsystems. It is, however, unlikely that current commercialdigital communication schemes will be able to satisfy thestringent requirement of constant connection, very lowpower, congestion control, and ease of use. The goal of thisproject is to define the architecture of the public safetydigital communication systems via careful analysis of fieldrequirements and creation of new communicationprotocols. An interdisciplinary approach is taken tointegrate user behavior studies with core technologydevelopment.

Role-Play Scenarios for Teaching Responsible Conductof ResearchM. Loui,* C. K. Gunsalus,* B. Brummel, C. ChangNational Science Foundation, ERC-0628814


We are developing and assessing role-play scenarios toteach central topics in the responsible conduct of researchto graduate students in science and engineering. Becausefew previous studies have carefully assessed theeffectiveness of role-play in teaching ethics, we areconducting a systematic assessment of role-play, using

multiple methods, in multiple departments. We haveconducted formative assessments of role-play scenarios intwo different departments, using survey and focus groupmethods.

Capacity Versus Robustness: A Tradeoff forRestoration in Mesh NetworksS. Lumetta,* S. KimDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,MDA972-99-1-0005

Researchers are investigating capacity-efficient recoverymethods in high-speed networks. The team recentlydemonstrated an extension of generalized loopback thatoperates on a subgraph of the full backup graph in anexisting network. The backup capacity on remaining linkscan then be used to carry unprotected traffic, while allprimary fibers retain failure protection. The resultsdemonstrate robustness comparable or superior to thatavailable with covers of rings while providing an additionalunprotected traffic capacity of roughly 20% of thenetwork's primary capacity.

Reliable, Efficient Communication on a Fast EthernetClusterS. Lumetta,* J. JohUniversity of Illinois, Campus Research Board

Networks of workstations (NOWs) have proven to be aninexpensive yet effective alternative to vendor-packagedparallel architectures. The performance of NOW's runningon Fast Ethernet is often limited by TCP/IP communicationoverhead between the nodes in NOWs. Researchers aredeveloping a new, lightweight, reliable communicationprotocol incorporating ideas of user-level communication,lightweight flow control, and multiple network interfacesper connection. The protocol supports the large body ofexisting parallel applications written to the MessagePassing Interface standard. Researchers will evaluate theeffectiveness of their design in terms of the performanceof these applications when using their protocol.

Survivability and Reliability in Direct Access NetworksS. Lumetta,* L. LiDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,MDA972-99-1-0005

Researchers are developing routing and recovery protocolsto provide reliable connectivity in direct access opticalnetworks (DANs). DANs decouple access from routing,allowing new users to access to the network withoutincurring the high cost of an optical switch. Through thisdecoupling, researchers enable more cost-effective andreliable network expansion. Direct access also simplifies


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the models of ownership by reducing the depth of theownership hierarchy and the number of potential securityhazards and points of failure for a connection. Finally,DANs allow network providers to offer a wider variety ofbandwidth and reliability options.

An Adaptive, High-Performance SoftwareInfrastructure for Hierarchical SystemsS. Lumetta*National Science Foundation, CISE/ACIR Career Award

Machines with deep memories now dominatesupercomputing and provide most enterprise-levelcomputing, making the successful development of ageneral-purpose approach to such platforms imperative.Researchers are developing a high-performanceinfrastructure for these systems through the construction offour key components: a virtual machine that abstractsresource allocation and management issues into a simpleinterface; a hierarchy-aware run-time system that offers theillusion of a nonhierarchical system by adapting to thecurrent hierarchical virtual machine; language constructsand dynamic compiler support to tune applicationbehavior; and applications that demonstrate the value ofthe framework.

Creating an Integrated Modular Environment for theModeling, Analysis, and Verification of EmbeddedHybrid SystemsN. Neogi,* V. V. Lam, W. H. SandersNational Science Foundation, CCR-0311616

We are creating a tightly integrated design, analysis,verification, and implementation environment for real-time, safety-critical embedded hybrid systems. Results willinclude a formalism-independent framework forembedded hybrid system architectural specification;efficient analysis and verification techniques that mitigatethe state explosion problem by using escape paths andreward structures to create a directed search of the statespace; and an integrated suite of stochastic modeling andanalysis tools that augment the Möbius modeling tool withadvanced techniques that solve scalable and complexhybrid models with respect to performance anddependability measures and capture the interactionstypically found in embedded hybrid systems.

Immersive Network Simulation TestbedD. M. Nicol*[email protected]. Department of Homeland Security

We are developing a network simulator for use in exercisesby organizations interested in practicing their response to

attacks on their IT infrastructure. The simulator uses highperformance modeling and execution techniques, runs inreal-time, and supports user interaction with simulateddevices using emulation to provide a transparent veneer. Akey goal is to use the simulator to automatically produceexercise "injects" that prompt players to react to simulatedevents.

Modeling and Analysis for Network SecurityAssessmentD. M. Nicol*[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency

We are developing simulation-based tools and technologyto help a network analyst assess the impact of hypotheticalattacks in a network, the effectiveness of defenses andcountermeasures, and the quantified ability to continueoperations in the face of a network attack. The result of ourwork will better enable network administrators anddesigners to protect their systems, and to quantify the cost,risk, and functionality tradeoffs inherent in networkdefense.

Survivable Trust for Critical InfrastructureD. M. Nicol*[email protected] Science Foundation

We are exploring the design of a distributed trust backbone,based on computational nodes that provide hardenedattestation for their hardware and software identities,organized as a peer-to-peer network. We are focusing onapplication of this technology to security applications in ITmanagement of critical infrastructure systems, such asSCADA.

Measurement of Transient Errors in MicroprocessorsJ. Patel,* K. Wells, H. KommarajuJet Propulsion Laboratory

This research addresses the measurement of error rates incommercial microprocessors. Microprocessors are corecomputing engines in the NASA Remote Exploration andExperimentation Project (REE). One serious problem issingle-event upsets due to high intensity radiation in outerspace. Knowledge of these error rates is essential in thedesign of the highly fault-tolerant REE computing systems.The measurement of these error rates is the focus of theproposed research. The research will generate softwaretools that are capable of measuring and characterizing anyerrors in microprocessors.


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VLSI TestJ. Patel,* A. PandeySemiconductor Research Corp.

The cost of test application of a single chip grows as afunction of the number of clock cycles and/or number ofstorage bits required to test a chip. As a result, testapplication time and test data volume have become seriousproblems in testing of system-on-chip designs. In thisresearch, new scan and BIST organizations are beingdevised that reduce not just data volume but also test timeand associated hardware. Hybrid DFT techniques thatcombine BIST with deterministic scan vectors are alsobeing investigated.

CT-CS: Trustworth Cyber Infrastructure for thePower GridW. H. Sanders,* D. E. Bakken, A. Bose, R. Campbell,T. Courtney, G. Gross, C. A. Gunter, C. Hauser,H. Khurana, R. K. Iyer, Z. T. Kalbarczyk, K. Nahrstedt,D. M. Nicol, T. J. Overbye, P. W. Sauer, S. W. Smith,R. J. Thomas, V. Welch, M. Winslett, R. ZimmermanNational Science Foundation, #CNS-0524695

The Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid(TCIP) NSF Cyber Trust Center was created to address thechallenge of how to protect the nation’s power grid. It willsignificantly improve the way the power grid cyberinfrastructure is built, making it more secure, reliable, andsafe. TCIP is working to provide the fundamental scienceand technology needed to create an intelligent, adaptivepower grid that can survive malicious adversaries, providecontinuous delivery of power, and support dynamicallyvarying trust requirements. We will do so by creating thenecessary cyber building blocks and architecture, and bycreating validation technology to quantify the amount oftrust provided by the proposed approach.

Designing Protection and Adaption into a SurvivabilityArchitecture: Demonstration and Validation (DPASA-DV)W. H. Sanders,* A. Agbaria, T. Courtney, M. Ihde,M. Seri, S. Singh, F. StevensDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency projectF30602-02-C-0134, subcontracted from BBNTechnologies

The goal of this project is to develop a survivabilityarchitecture and implementation for a large, distributedpublish and subscribe system and then to verify that thearchitecture and implementation enable the system towithstand attacks from a knowledgeable and sophisticatedadversary for a significant period of time. The architecture,implementation, and survivability validation methodology

we are producing will set a new standard for designmethodologies and integrated technologies that ensurecontinuous performance of mission-critical, network-centric systems defended against skilled adversaries.

ITR: Experimental Validation of Large-ScaleNetworked Software SystemsW. H. Sanders,* R. Barnes, C. Basile, B. Brothers,P. Cerny, S. Chen, M. Conte, T. Courtney, M. Cukier,D. Daly, L. de Moura, S. Derisavi, M. Hamman,G. Hamon, W.-M. Hwu, R. K. Iyer, K. R. Joshi,Z. Kalbarczyk, H. S. Kim, T. H. Kim, V. V. Lam,R. M. Lefever, Z. Liu, S. Lumetta, J. Matarazzo,J. Rushby, J. Sias, M. Sorea, A. Tiwari, Z. Yang,J. ZymlaNational Science Foundation, #0086096

This research is developing the theory, methodology, andtools necessary to experimentally validate thedependability, performance, and survivability of large-scale networked software systems. The intention is todevelop a comprehensive framework for validating (viaexperimental and model-based methods) large-scalenetworked software systems. Taken as a whole, this workwill provide a sound and fundamental approach tovalidation of networked software and applications.

NGS: A Compiler-Enabled Model- and Measurement-Driven Adaptation Environment for Dependability andPerformanceW. H. Sanders,* V. S. Adve, M. Hiltunen, R. K. Iyer,R. L. Plante, R. D. SchlichtingNational Science Foundation, CNS-0406351

Next-generation parallel and distributed computing mustbe dependable and have predictable performance in orderto meet the requirements of increasingly complex scientificand commercial applications. This research will result inthe production and distribution of a practical, integratedcompiler and middleware system that uses online modelsand measurement techniques to achieve performance anddependability in a scalable manner under a wide variety ofchanging conditions. The techniques we develop couldultimately impact many diverse and critical applications,including those in the electric power distribution,aerospace, healthcare, and financial services sectors.


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U.S.-Germany Cooperative Research: Analysis ofMulti-Paradigm Möbius Models Using Kronecker-Based TechniquesW. H. Sanders,* P. KemperNational Science Foundation, #INT-0233490

This collaborative proposal between the University ofIllinois and Dortmund University is working to makepossible the use of Kronecker representations and analysismethods within the Möbius framework.

Efficient Algorithms for Temporal Planning underNonlinear ConstraintsB. W. Wah,* C.-W. Hsu, F. Li, M. [email protected] Science Foundation, NSF 03-12084

This research involves the development of formalmathematical conditions for reducing the search space ofplanning problems and the demonstration of performanceimprovements in search engines of planner and otherdiscrete searches. By formulating temporal planningproblems as dynamic optimization problems with dynamicvariables that evolve over time, this research finds newnode-dominance conditions by developing the necessaryand sufficient conditions for local optimality. Bypartitioning the search into stages and by finding onlydominating states in each stage using the conditionsdeveloped, the search for feasible or optimal plans can berestricted to a much smaller subspace in each stage.

Loss Concealment for Real-Time Multimedia over IPNetworksB. W. Wah,* D. Lin, X., Su, H. [email protected] Communication Center

This research entails the design of effective multiple-description coding (MDC) algorithms at senders of IPnetworks, like the Internet, that take into account thereconstruction method used at receivers for concealing lostpackets, in order to deliver audio and video data packetsover these networks in real time with high quality (bothsubjectively as well as objectively). Loss concealment ofcompressed multimedia data is essential because manycoding algorithms remove temporal differences in order toachieve high coding efficiency, thereby introducing apervasive dependency structure into the bit stream. As aresult, losses due to dropped packets or late arrivals willresult in the loss of subsequent dependent frames, leadingto audio or visual artifacts that can be long lasting andannoying. We have chosen MDC because it is effective forconcealing losses in transmissions without explicitredundancy control and for networks without priority

transmissions. Empirical tests on the Internet show thatpacket losses are bursty with small burst lengths. Statisticsalso shows that two descriptions in MDC are adequate inmost situations, whereas four descriptions will allow us tocontrol unrecoverable losses under 8% in the worst sitemeasured. Our research results in efficient MDCalgorithms that are input independent, without requiringrun-time adaptation of the algorithms to new inputs.

Stochastic Anytime Search with Applications inAutonomous Planning and SchedulingB. W. Wah,* Y. Chen, M. [email protected] Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASANCC2-1230


This research entails the development of a theory and itsassociated derivative-free search algorithms in order tosolve constrained nonlinear programming problems(NSPs) with discrete, continuous, or mixed-integervariables. Our secondary goal is to apply the algorithmsdeveloped in autonomous control and planning in NASAapplications. The research characterizes constrained localminima in NLPs by necessary and sufficient conditions onpoints in the unconstrained penalty function, developsstochastic anytime search algorithms that generatesolutions of improved quality when given more time andcomputational resources, and applies the search algorithmsto solve problems in autonomous control and planning.

Streaming Audio and Video Data withTransformation-Based Error ConcealmentB. W. Wah,* B. Sat, H. [email protected] Center for Communications, University ofIllinois


This research is on the design of protocols and codingmethods for the concealment of errors that occur duringreal-time transmissions of audio and video data overunreliable IP networks, such as the Internet and wirelessnetworks. Since video and audio transmissions maytolerate some degree of loss, this research analyzesschemes that involve trade-offs in their real-timerequirements and tolerance to loss. By studying propercoding of transmitted data, protocols to scheduletransmissions and feedbacks, and reconstruction schemesto recover lost data, the results developed can be appliedto emerging multimedia-ready 3G and 4G cellularnetworks.


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Development of Concept Inventories for ComputerScienceC. Zilles,* C. Heeren,* K. Goldman,* L. Kaczmarczyk,*M. Loui,* J. LonginoNational Science Foundation, DUE-0618589

Conducted in the Department of Computer Science and inthe Coordinated Science Laboratory

We are developing concept inventories for threeintroductory computer science subjects: discretemathematics, digital logic, and programmingfundamentals. Modeled after the successful Force ConceptInventory that was developed to assess student learning ofNewtonian physics, our concept inventories will testunderstanding of key computer science concepts in amanner that enables reliable comparisons between coursesat different universities. We created a prototype conceptinventory for digital logic. We tested the prototype in twodifferent courses, and we found that students had the mostdifficulty with concepts involving abstraction and withtransferring concepts to different contexts.

Student Misconceptions in an Introductory DigitalLogic Design CourseC. Zilles,* J. Longino, M. LouiUniversity of Illinois

Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and inthe Department of Computer Science

We are developing a concept inventory in digital logicdesign. We interviewed students who had taken anintroductory digital logic course to determine commonstudent misconceptions. Based on the interviews, wedeveloped and administered a prototype assessment tool.

Remote SensingTesting of Parallel Optical Fiber LinksG. C. PapenNational Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166


Advanced optical interconnections based on parallel spacedivision multiplexing using a fiber ribbon or wavelengthdivision multiplexing using multiple wavelengths within asingle fiber require new techniques to measure and modelperformance. These techniques are being developedbecause the aggregate data rates through these parallelspaces exceed 15 Gbits/s. Researchers are developingtesting methodologies and equipment to test and model theperformance of these high-speed data links.

High Latitude Mesospheric Dynamic and ChemistryStudiesG. R. Swenson,* A. LiuNational Science Foundation, ATM 99-0859

Studies of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphereand aurora will be performed with imaging andspectroscopy instrumentation at the NSF backscatter radarfacility in Sondrestrom, Greenland. The measurementstudies will be complemented by radar measurements aswell as an all-sky imagery measurement provided byestablished instrumentation at the site. University ofIllinois instrumentation includes a 4-channel photometerdirected along the magnetic meridian, a CCD transmissionimaging spectrometer, and a CCD all-sky airglow camera.Scientific objectives include the study of momentum andenergy flux carried by propagating waves, chemistryassociated with thin sporadic E and metal layers, andparticle energy flux and beam characteristic energy ofprecipitating auroral particle beams. Image processing of2-D spectrograms and 2-D images of atmosphericobservations is a major activity with this program.

Imaging Studies of Mesospheric Gravity WavesG. R. Swenson,* A. LiuNational Science Foundation, ATM 00-03180

Small-scale waves propagate from the lower atmosphericconvection and mountain driven sources to the upperatmosphere. Existing chemiluminescence producesairglows, which are perturbed by the waves. Airglowimagers observe the perturbations and the horizontalwavelength, and amplitude of the waves are measured. Thewaves carry momentum and energy, which can interactwith the large-scale dynamics to cause major dynamiceffects. Observations have been made at Albuquerque,New Mexico, and currently at Maui, Hawaii, where theUniversity of Illinois lidar makes complementarymeasurements. Signal processing is accomplished toextract the intrinsic wave parameters and power andspectral characteristics of the horizontal wave structure.

Technology Development for the MIDEX WAVESSatelliteG. R. Swenson,* C. S. GardnerNational Aeronautics and Space Administration,NAG5-8569

This program involves the development of technologiesassociated with a multiple sensor remote sensing satellitedesigned to measure small-scale waves in the middle andupper atmosphere. These studies include specifically thedemonstration of infrared sensor array technology. Arraysensors are planned for 1.26 and 1.45 microns that can be


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operated at elevated temperatures (160 K) but retain lownoise attributes. This technology allows passive radiatorsrather than active refrigeration, enabling the sensors tooperate with low power at a reliable, long lifetime on asmall satellite. Other technologies include the developmentof remote sensing signatures from optical emissions asindicators of atmospheric dynamics for both thestratosphere and mesosphere. Instrumentation includesboth nadir and limb imagers and spectrometers as well asa Michelson interferometer to measure Doppler winds.

Scientific ComputingCurriculum Development in Computational MaterialsScience and Nanoscale Science and EngineeringE. deSturler,* D. Ceperley, D. Johnson, R. Martin,T. Martinez, U. RavaioliNational Science Foundation, EEC-0088101

This project encompasses development of course materials(lecture notes, demos, practical assignments, numericalexperiments) on Krylov subspace methods for linearsystems and eigenvalue problems, nonlinear problems,multigrid methods, and fast multipole methods for summerschool (summer 2001 and summer 2004) and generalcurriculum in the College of Engineering.

Multidimensional Computation of ElectronicProperties of Semiconductor Microstructures of High-Performance Heterojunction DevicesT. Kerkhoven;* J. P. Leburton,* U. Ravaioli* (Elect. &Comput. Engr.); Y. Saad,* J. ArendsNational Science Foundation, EET-87-19100

The goal of this research is to design numerical programsfor the simulation of multidimensional quantum wells. Thenumerical model consists of Poisson's equation coupledwith Schrodinger's equation. Poisson's equation is solvedas an elliptic boundary value problem, while Schrodinger'sequation defines an eigenvalue problem. The model isnonlinear and requires repeated solution of sucheigenvalue problems. Researchers compare theperformance of Lanczos procedures with subspaceiteration and examine the use of inverse iteration.Consistency of the two problems is obtained in an outeriteration that will be accelerated with a conjugate gradientprocedure.

Semiconductor Lasers1065 and 1040 nm DBR Laser DiodesJ. J. Coleman*HRL Laboratories


Narrow linewidth, tunable semiconductor lasers are ofinterest to a variety of applications, including fiber opticcommunication systems, optical generation of microwaveradiation, remote optical sensing, and molecularspectroscopy. Various configurations of tunable lasershave been analyzed, and a two- or three-section distributedfeedback (DFB) or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laseris often the choice. The goal of these programs is to developnarrow linewidth, single longitudinal mode, strained layerInGaAs DBR laser diodes operating near 1065 and 1040nm for remote sensing applications.

Development of Advanced Laser Diode Sources forRemote-Sensing ApplicationsJ. J. Coleman,* G. C. Papen*National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG1-1861


Several outstanding technical issues for narrowbandsystems, such as water vapor DIAL lidars, must be resolvedbefore solid-state, laser-based remote-sensing systemshave widespread use. One issue is the development of cwlocal oscillators (LOs) based on semiconductor laser diodetechnology for use as injection seeders, which has not beenfully realized because of the severe linewidth, tunability,and stability requirements of narrowband systems. Thisproject will develop novel semiconductor devicesspecifically for use as tunable LO sources for narrowbandwater vapor DIAL systems operating in the 940 nm region.Researchers will focus on a novel ridge-waveguide,distributed-Bragg-reflector laser, which has significantperformance improvements for optical remote-sensingapplications relative to conventional Fabry-Perot ordistributed-feedback lasers.

EOSS+ Laser Diode SubstrateJ. J. Coleman*Northrop Grumman Corp.


The electro-optic test station known as the EOSS+ isdesigned to support the testing of laser platforms at 1.064mm through the use of a laser diode source. Thecharacteristics of this diode, such as center wavelength and


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peak power, are determined by the capabilities of the testreceiver and the design of the EOSS+ unit itself. Thepurpose of this program is to provide for the fabrication ofa custom-built diode grown from a novel substratedesigned to meet specification.

High Brightness Laser DiodesJ. J. Coleman*Nuvonyx, Inc.


The objective of this program is to address several issuesrelated to the MOCVD growth and characterization ofInGaAs-GaAs strained layer lasers in the range of 920 nmto 1080 nm for high brightness applications. This approachwill be to develop a real index guided laser with integratedbeam expanders and other active and passive optics formedby selective area epitaxy. Present narrow stripesemiconductor lasers are generally limited to less than 200mW of fundamental mode output power, because of thenarrow aperture. If the beam can be expanded whileretaining fundamental mode operation, then the operatingpower can be correspondingly increased.

Narrow Linewidth, Multiple Wavelength,Simultaneous-Emission Laser Diodes for RemoteOptical Sensing and Other ApplicationsJ. J. Coleman*National Science Foundation, ECS 9900258


The proposal describes a program to developmultiwavelength, simultaneous-emission lasers based on aridge-waveguide distributed Bragg reflectorsemiconductor laser. The specific example of anapplication that defines the need of such lasers is thedifferential absorption, remote optical sensing of watervapor. A multiwavelength source with closely spacednarrow laser lines would be useful to obtain the detailedabsorption profile without having to turn the laser on andoff the absorption peak as is practiced currently. Thisprogram is designed to study and develop a simple multiplewavelength source suitable for these kinds of applications.

Semiconductor Laser Transmitters for IntegratedOptical InterconnectsJ. J. Coleman*National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166


This program involves development of semiconductorlasers suitable for use in integrated optoelectronics. Thereare a number of key technical issues to be addressed in this

program, including the development of etched facetstructures, distributed feedback and distributed Braggreflector grating structures, monolithic space divisionmultiplexing arrays designed for fiber coupling, selectiveepitaxy for wavelength division multiplexing arrays andfor multielement integration, master oscillator-poweramplifier (MOPA) configurations, frequency stabilization,and distributed Bragg pulse shaper high-speed parallel-to-serial packet encoders.

Naturally Nanostructured Epitaxial SemiconductorsJ. M. Gibson,* D. G. Cahill, J. E. Greene,A. M. Zangwill, J. J. ColemanNational Science Foundation, DMR 9705440


This FRG/GOALI proposal addresses basic materialsscience and engineering issues in a collaborative programbetween the University of Illinois and Hewlett-PackardLaboratories to understand fundamental phenomena andinteractions associated with naturally nanostructuredepitaxial semiconductors. Goals of the project are to obtainsemiconductor epitaxial nanostructures smaller thanfeasible via lithography and to examine their applicationsto novel devices. Strain-induced self-organization andkinetically driven pattern formation are two approachesbeing taken to achieve naturally nanostructured materials.

Semiconductor PhysicsConcurrent Electro-Thermal Modeling of Ultra-ScaledMOS TechnologiesZ. Aksamija, U. Ravaioli*[email protected] Science Foundation, SBC PU 501-1045-01

This is an interdisciplinary collaborative project withMechanical Engineering at Purdue University. The goalsare to couple Monte Carlo device simulation of nanoscaledevices with detailed phonon transport simulation, tounderstand thermal effects in ultrascaled integrateddevices, and to formulate device design strategies tominimize heat generation.


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Heterojunctions, Transport, Ion Implantation, andDefects in III-V SemiconductorsK. Hess,* S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin, Y. Li, W. [email protected]. Office of Naval Research, N00014-89-J-1470


The nanostructure related research is focused on electronicproperties of carbon nanotubes. We are particularlyinterested in metal-semiconductor transitions of thesetubes due to a perturbation of the symmetry. We haveshown that this transition can give rise to transistor function(a metallic field effect transistor). Work on topics inquantum information, particularly the Theorem of Bell, isalso in progress.

High Field Transport of Free Carriers at InterfacesK. Hess,* F. [email protected]. Army Research Office, DAAL03-86-K-0099


In this research, we are studying the ultimate limitations ofelectronic transport in silicon and III-V compounds,including superlattices and the corresponding potential fornew devices, as well as the advantages of includingheterolayers in conventional devices. The theoreticalapproach includes Monte Carlo simulations and explicitsolutions of the Boltzmann equation. We are alsodeveloping a new algorithm to solve problems of quantumtransport.

Network of Computational NanotechnologyK. Hess,* S. Hu, S. Barraza-Lopez, S. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR-01-21616


This work is part of a Multi-University National ScienceFoundation Center. The main goal of our work is thesimulation of tubular nanostructures. We investigate bothnanostructures of biology, such as biological ion channels,as well as nanostructures related to solid state electronics,such as carbon nanotubes. The tools of the investigationare based on and developed by methods of computationalelectronics (e.g. Monte Carlo simulations).

3-D Self-Consistent Simulation of Quantum Dot SpinTransistors of Quantum Information ProcessingJ. P. Leburton,* M. [email protected] Research Corporation, 2003-NJ-1045


This research concentrates on developing 3-D self-consistent computer tools for realistic simulation of spinoperation in silicon quantum dot spin effects transistors inorder to assess their feasibility and viability forapplications in quantum information processing. Weconsider Si FET-device configurations similar to Kane'sproposal to achieve a C-NOT gate. Our purpose is to obtaina coherent 3-D picture of the interdependence amongphysical parameters and device considerations for spin-qubit operations, and to provide design rules for optimizingthe device.

Scalable Spin-Qubit Circuits with Quantum DotsJ. P. Leburton,* D. Melnikov, J. Kim, L. [email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, QuISTprogram, DAAD19-01-1-0659


This research is aimed at achieving a scalable elementaryspin-qubit circuit for quantum computing that is based onthe manipulation of electron spins in coupled III-Vsemiconductor quantum dots (QDs). We take advantage ofthe advanced technology for planar and lateral QDsAlGAs/GaAs heterostructures and the fact that the electroneffective mass is small, which eases the conditions forquantum confinement. Moreover, III-V materials enjoylong spin coherence times, which is of utmost importancefor preserving quantum information over many qubitoperations. For this purpose, we have assembled aninternational research team involving the University ofBasel, the University of Delft, Harvard University,Princeton University, and Tokyo University. Teammembers have complementary expertise in the physics ofquantum computation and spintronics in nanostructures.These areas of expertise are fully integrated into a coherentand interactive effort, leading to the realization of anelementary qubit circuit.


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Interactive Tools for Nanotechnology EducationU. Ravaioli,* R. Braatz,* H.-S. [email protected] National Science Center for Learning and TeachingNanoscale Science and Engineering

This project involves a multidisciplinary, multi-universityteam involving Northwestern University (lead institution),University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign, Purdue University, and University ofMichigan. One of the goals is to pursue research ineducation addressing the introduction of nanotechnologyconcepts at various school levels, from middle school toundergraduate programs. Our group is developinginteractive simulation and visualization tools to explorenew ways to introduce advanced concepts in the curricula.

Simulation of Charge Transport in Ionic ChannelsU. Ravaioli,* T. A. Van der Straaten, G. A. Kathawala,Y. [email protected] Network for Computational Nanotechnology


The well developed tools of computational electronicshave been adapted to simulate ion transport in biologicalchannels, treated as nanoscale natural devices. Continuum(drift-diffusion) and particle (Trasport Monte Carlo)simulation approaches have been developed whereinteraction with the aqueous environment is resolved interms of mobility or scattering rate. The goal of this workis to provide a scalable input-output description of naturalnanopores for uses in bioelectronic sensor design.Artificial or biomimetic nanopores are also investigatedwith similar simulation tools, for the design of artificialmembranes incorporating features of biological ones.

Simulation of Electro-Thermal Processes in MEMSand NEMS StructuresU. Ravaioli,* P. Martin, Z. [email protected] IMPACT Center for Advancement of MEMS/NEMS VLSI

Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems havereliability problems that are not easily addressed by trial-and-error experimental procedures. An attractivealternative is to develop multiscale multiphysics models tosimulate and optimize structures but this is a verychallenging multidisciplinary effort. In this project, westudy the coupling between thermal and electricalprocesses to capture some of the essential failure

mechanisms in MEMS/NEMS and consider theheterogeneous system, including metals, oxide, andsemiconductor materials.

Simulation of Nanoscale Biological and BiomimeticSystemsU. Ravaioli,* R. [email protected] Nanomedicine Center for the Design of BiomimeticNanoconductors

Simulation of ion charge transport in membranes is studiedusing various engineering simulation approaches,including continuum and particle models, to developdesign methodologies for nanoscale systems. Physicalapproaches like classical and quantum molecular dynamicsare relied on to provide first-principle calibration oftransport parameter for the engineering reduced ordermodels. The goal of this multidisciplinary project is tocreate a software infrastructure to support the future designof biomimetic components for a variety of applications innanomedicine, including implantable self-sustainingpower sources and artificial organs.

The Science and Technology of Nano/MolecularElectronics: Theory, Simulation, and ExperimentalCharacterizationU. Ravaioli,* R. Ravishankar, Z. [email protected] University Research Initiative onNanotechnology, U.S. Army Research Office, SIT527826-08


This project is part of a DURINT multi-university effort,with Stevens Institute of Technology as lead institution.The specific goals of this subcontract are to developnanelectronics simulation tools to understand the ultimatelimits of silicon technology and explore new deviceconcepts based on quantum effects. The emphasis of thework is on 3-D simulation and high performance parallelcomputing, using nonequilibrium Green's function andMonte Carlo simulation approaches.


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SemiconductorsGe-Sb-Te Phase Change Materials: Optical andElectronic Properties, Structural Transformations,and Fabrication of NanostructuresS. G. Bishop,* B.-S. Lee, J. R. [email protected] Science Foundation, DMR-0412939


The properties of Ge-Sb-Te alloys and the rapidamorphous-crystalline phase change that they exhibit arebeing investigated using ellipsometry, optical absorptionand reflection spectroscopy, photoconductivity,photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, Hall effect,high resolution TEM, and fluctuation electron microscopy.Specific problems include: optical, electronic, andstructural characterization of sputtered thin films of thematerials; the effects of composition, conditions ofsynthesis, thermal annealing, and optical or e-beamirradiation on their properties; detection andcharacterization of nano-crystallites in the amorphousphase and their role in the phase change mechanism; andthe spatial limits/resolution of the phase change, aimed atfabricating quantum structures.

Photoluminescence Studies of SemiconductorNanostructures and Rare Earth-Doped SemiconductorMaterialsS. G. Bishop,* I. Adesida, J. J. ColemanUniversity of Illinois


This research program applies photoluminescence (PL),photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, time resolvedPL, and PL imaging to the characterization of defects andimpurities in bulk and epitaxial semiconductor materials,and the composition, doping, thickness, interfaces,uniformity, and quantum confinement effects insemiconductor nanostructures. Rare earth-dopedsemiconducting glasses and rare earth implanted GaN arebeing developed as sources of near- and mid-IR radiation.Excitation of the intra-4f shell emission from rare earthdopants (e.g. Er3+, Pr3+, Dy3+) in chalcogenide glasses bybroad band optical absorption in the Urbach edge of thehost glass is under investigation as a novel optical pumpingmechanism.

High Quantum Efficiency Infrared PhotodetectorArrays Based on Nanowire HeterostructuresY. C. Chang* (Physics), K.-Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh*[email protected] Reconnaissance Office, NRC000-05-C-0023


The goal of this project is to developed high quantum-efficiency, high color-contrast multi-wavelength quantumwire infrared photodetector (QWRIP) arrays. The QWRIPuses a self-assembly approach to create high-densitynanoscale quantum wire structures that provide the basisfor high quantum efficiency infrared detection. TheQWRIP combines the best features of the quantum wellinfrared photodetector (QWIP) and quantum dot infraredphotodetector (QDIP) to offer normal incidenceabsorption, high quantum efficiency, and adjustableinfrared absorption from 8 to 40 μm. Unique polarizationsensitive absorption properties of quantum wires enabletwo distinct quantum wire infrared detection layers (or aquantum wire layer and a quantum well layer) withdifferent spectral responses to be monolithically integratedwithout interference, yielding excellent color contrast.

Center of Hyper-Uniform Nanophotonic Technologiesfor Ultra-Fast Optoelectronic Systems (HUNT Center)K.-Y. Cheng,* M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,*K. C. Hsieh, R. D. Dupuis* (Georgia Tech Univ.),V. Narayanamurti* (Harvard Univ.),W. I. Wang* (Columbia Univ.)[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency, UniversityPhotonics Research Centers Program,HR0011-04-1-0034


The mission of the HUNT Center (Center of Hyper-Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies for Ultra-FastOptoelectronic Systems) is the development of criticaltechnologies, including hyper-uniform nano-photonicfabrication, high performance quantum dot vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers, and ultra-fast light-emittingtransistor-based lasers for the realization of ultra-fast(≥100Gb/s) optoelectronic interconnect systems. Centerprograms encompass semiconductor nanoscale materialsgrowth, nano-patterning, nanoscale material analysis,nanostructure laser device design and fabrication, opticalreceiver design and fabrication, as well as high-speedoptoelectronics integrated heterogeneously on a commonsemiconductor platform to perform ultra-fast opticalinterface functions.


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GaAs-based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor StructuresK -Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh*[email protected] Systems


The goal of this research program is to develop oxidedeposition techniques for the fabrication of GaAs-basedmetal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs). Various oxides, including SiO2, Al2O3,Ga2O3, and Gd3Ga5O12 are deposited on GaAs in anultrahigh vacuum system at Bell Laboratories to form MOSstructures. Researchers will characterize their structural,optical, and chemical properties through transmissionelectron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy,and Auger electron spectroscopy, respectively, to improvethe oxide deposition process.

Ultra-High-Speed Heterojunction Bipolar TransistorsK.-Y. Cheng*[email protected] Research Corporation, SRC-2001-NJ-946


The goal of this research is to develop viable techniquesthat allow demonstration of Inp-based HBTs withfT>400GHz for insertion into the ultra-high-speed (>100GHz) circuits.

VCSEL and Smart Pixel Research for VLSI PhotonicSystemsK.-Y. Cheng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* M. Feng,*K. C. Hsieh*[email protected] Advanced Research Projects Agency,DAAG55-98-1-0303


The purpose of this research is to develop technologyrelated to VLSI photonic systems. The scope of theprogram ranges from basic materials research, to thefabrication of large-scale integrated circuits, to advancedtechnologies for the integration of systems inheterogeneous materials. Goals of the project include thedesign, growth, fabrication, and testing of III-Vsemiconductor vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers; thedevelopment of smart pixels, circuits for the detection ofoptical signals, intelligent routing of the information, andre-emission of optical signals; and the development oftechniques for the integration of heterogeneous materials.

Surface Engineering for Compliant EpitaxyK. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng,* I. AdesidaDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency,F49620-98-1-0496


The goal of this research is to realize dislocation-free andstress-relaxed lattice mismatched epitaxy growth ofdifferent compound semiconductors on various substratesacross the whole wafer or on selected areas for deviceintegration applications. Our immediate goals includefundamental understanding of the growth conditionsrelated to the formation of strained-modulated and defect-absorbing templates and the development of techniques tofully control the formation of strain-absorbing anddeformable growth templates with an emphasis onprocessing simplicity and system integrability. InP-basedoptoelectronic and microwave devices will be integratedselectively on surface-engineered GaAs substrates.

Wafer Bonding for Advanced Optoelectronic DevicesK. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. ChengDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA972-00-1-0020


The goal of this research is to develop wafer-bondingtechnologies for hybrid integrating mismatched devicestructures for advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits.The potential applications include fabricating high-performance visible LEDs, vertical-cavity-surface-emitting lasers, resonant-cavity photodetectors, 2-D and 3-D photonic crystals, and high-performance semi-insulatingwafer substrates. Our current efforts are focused ondeveloping high-efficient wafer-bonding strategy andfundamental understanding of the hybrid interfaceproperties, including interface microstructures, electricaland optical characteristics, interface strain/stress andadhesion properties, and so forth. The long-term goals willinclude developing chip-scale photonic/electronicintegration methodologies for high-density 3-Darchitectures.

ITR/SY: Foundations of Solid-State QuantumInformation ProcessingP. G. Kwiat,* A. J. Leggett, M. B. Salamon, J. R. Tucker,D. Van HarlingenNational Science Foundation, EIA-01-21568

The core of this program is an exploration of three distinctbut related solid state technologies as candidates forquantum information processing: single spins onindividual P-donors in silicon, ferromagnetic particles in


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close proximity to a superconductor, and superconductorphase electronics based on Josephson tunneling andSQUIDs. Supporting this effort will be a theory componentthat addresses key issues concerning the evolution andmonitoring of quantum-entangled states and anexperimental study of qubit dynamics using the highlydeveloped techniques of modern quantum optics.

Biologically Inspired Artificial Haircell SensorsC. Liu,* D. L. Jones, F. DelcomynU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research,F49620-01-1-0496


This work is aimed at developing artificial haircell sensorsthat are inspired by biological haircell sensors. This workis focused on studying the fundamental principles ofneurological responses of haircells to developmicromachined devices that mimic the performance ofbiological entities.

CAD Design Tools for Millimeter-Wave WirelessCommunication MicrosystemsC. Liu,* M. Feng, S. M. Kang, E. Michielssen,J. Schutt-AinéDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Composite-CAD Program, F30602-97-0328


A mixed technology computer-aided design system isbeing developed for the cost effective design of wirelesscommunication modules that will ultimately enablenetworked distributed MEMS. The module, operating atmillimeter-wave frequencies, will allow direct interfacebetween MEMS transducers and the free-spaceelectromagnetic radiation. MEMS components offerunique advantages for RF circuits. As an example,micromechanical switches exhibit lower insertion loss andhigher isolation compared with conventional electronicsswitching components. MEMS fabrication technology forsilicon and composed semiconductor materials is beingstudied in order to realize mechanical RF switches as wellas high-gain antennas to validate results of the E-Msimulation.

Integrated Sensitive Skin with Advanced DataArchitectureC. Liu,* N. Shanbhag, D. L. JonesNational Science Foundation, IIS 00-80639


An interdisciplinary team of researchers will developmicrofabricated, multiple modality sensor skin with

advanced data structure and signal processing algorithms.A flexible sensor skin that imitates biological tactilesensors faces important challenges in terms ofmicrofabrication, materials, density of sensors, andaccompanying circuits. Prof. Liu and students will developadvanced multimodal sensors with self-configurationcapabilities. Prof. Shanbhag is developing energy efficientsignal processors, while Prof. Jones is interested indeveloping signal processing algorithms that arebiologically inspired.

Controlled Coupling of Donor Atom Wavefunctions inSiliconJ. Tucker,* J. Kline, S. Robinson,T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.)[email protected]. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-00-1-0407

The goal of this project is to selectively place PH3

molecules onto the hydrogen-terminated silicon surfacevia STM lithography and overgrow them into the crystalas phosphorous donors. If successful, this work couldprovide a means for constructing quantum computersbased on control of ground-state wavefunctions onindividual P-atom donors. Other potential applicationsinclude single-charge electronics, cellular automata, andnanometer-scale field-effect transistors. Reproduciblecharacteristics are made possible by the large ~5nm Bohrdiameter for individual donor bound states, so thatcoupling between nearest neighbors will be definedaccurately if redistribution is limited to ~1nm or less duringultra-low-temperature overgrowth.

Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si-Based Quantum ComputersJ. Tucker,* M. Feng, Y. C. Chang,T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.), R. R. Du (Univ. of Utah)U.S. Army Research Office, 42257-PH-QC

The goal of this multi-investigator program is to developthe basic fabrication and measurement technologiesneeded to implement a silicon-based quantum computer.To do this, researchers must place individual phosphorousdonors into the silicon lattice with atomic precision,establish electrical control over wavefunction overlapbetween donor-pairs, and successfully detect spin states ofthe resulting two-electron system by measuring thepresence or absence of electronically-induced polarization.The research team does not propose working quantumlogic gates within this three-year project. If successful,however, that goal will be undertaken in a follow-upprogram that incorporates SiGe overgrowth and patterningof individual top-gates for each P-atom donor.


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Signal and Image ProcessingDirectional Multiresolution Image Processing: Theory,Algorithms, and ApplicationsM. N. Do,* Y. Lu, J. Zhou, A. [email protected] Science Foundation (CAREER Award)

This project seeks to develop new "true" two-dimensionalrepresentations that can deal more effectively with typicalimages having smooth contours. The focus is on thedevelopment of directional and multiresolution imageexpansions using nonseparable filter banks, in much thesame way that wavelets were constructed from filter banks.In essence, the proposed research pursues nonseparableextensions of wavelets and multiresolution techniques sothat they can capture the directional information—animportant and unique feature of multidimensional signals.In parallel, newly developed image representations will beexplored in a variety of applications, where substantialimprovements over current methods are expected.

Practical Compressed SensingM. N. Do,* Y. [email protected] Science Foundation


A recent breakthrough in mathematics under the namecompressed sensing shows that sparse or compressiblefinite length discrete signals can be recovered from smallnumber of linear, nonadaptive (i.e., universal), and randommeasurements. This project aims to extend the currentmethods in compressed sensing to other setups that haveoverwhelming practical significance. These extensionsinclude constrained acquisition, additional statistical prioron sparse signals, and infinite dimensional cases. Thespecific goals of this project are to: improve signalreconstruction quality; reduce number of measurementsrequired to achieve a specified reconstruction quality;speed up the reconstruction time; and demonstrate thesegains on real applications, and in particular in challengingmagnetic resonance imaging applications, includingfunctional imaging of the human brain.

A Modern Autofocus Methodology with Applicationsto Radar ImagingM. N. Do,* R. L. [email protected] Science Foundation

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), geophysical and seismicimaging, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence

tomography (OCT), and many forms of astronomicalimaging are examples of coherent imaging systems. Inpractice, due to imprecise knowledge of the motion of thesensor or due to signal propagation through a mediumhaving a spatially varying propagation velocity, theproduced imagery is improperly focused. This projectdevelops a modern autofocus methodology that provide asystematic approach to the design of autofocus algorithms.Toward this end, a theoretical paradigm is devised for theautofocus problem in which prior assumptions in theproblem statement are systematically utilized in producingefficient, high-quality image restorations.

Audiovisual Speech Recognition in AutomotiveEnvironmentM. Hasegawa-Johnson,* T. S. Huang, S. [email protected], Inc.


Speech recognition in an automobile is typically performedusing a single microphone, often mounted in the sun-visorin front of the driver. With typical road noise, mostrecognizers generate too many errors for practical use. Thisresearch project experiments with speech recognitionusing multimodal recordings acquired by a visor-mountedarray including eight microphones and four cameras. Wefocus on accurate visual face tracking lip feature extractionand robust audio noise cancellation. Our goal is todemonstrate that error rate of a multichannel audiovisualrecognizer is much lower than error rate of a standardrecognizer under automotive test conditions.

Landmark-based Speech Recognition in Music andSpeech BackgroundsM. Hasegawa-Johnson*[email protected] Science Foundation, CISE 0132900


Human listeners are able to recognize speech based ondynamic portions of the signal, even if all static portionsare masked by noise or by background music. This researchseeks to develop mathematical models capable ofabstracting the perceptual response patterns of humanlisteners. Probabilistic auditory scene analysis usescognitive stochastic automaton models, combined with useof dynamic Bayesian network methods, in order to imitatethe ability of listeners to understand speech mixed withloud background music. Landmark-based speech


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recognition imitates the extra sensitivity of humans todynamic as opposed to static signals.

Prosodic, Intonational, and Voice Quality Correlates ofDisfluencyM. Hasegawa-Johnson,* J. Cole, C. [email protected] Science Foundation


Prosody is the stress and rhythm pattern of naturally spokenlanguage. Linguists agree that the sound of a phonemedepends on its prosodic context, but experimental datadescribing the prosodic-phonemic interaction are only nowbecoming precise enough to support efforts in automaticspeech recognition. Our research seeks to preciselydescribe the prosodic-phonemic interaction using bothdetailed phonetic analysis and probabilistic speechrecognition models. This research has already succeededin demonstrating, for the first time in the literature, that theuse of prosody can lead to improved word recognitionaccuracy in a large-vocabulary speech recognitionexperiment.

Face ProcessingT. S. Huang,* X. Xu, Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, Y. [email protected] Motor Corporation

Research Conducted at the Beckman Institute forAdvanced Science and Technology

Researchers are developing methodologies and algorithmsfor 2-D and 3-D face analysis with applications in facedetection, recognition, tracking, and animation. Foranalysis, we are particularly interested in outdoor scenarioswhere the illumination and head pose are highly varying.For animation, a major project is text- and speech-drivenrealistic synthetic talking faces.

Image and Video DatabasesT. S. Huang,* A. Velivelli, T. Chen, C. [email protected] Motor Corporation

Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and theBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

A number of challenging issues in image and videoindexing and retrieval are being studied. Of particularinterest are the following: similarity- and example-basedretrieval, the use of relevance feedback from users toimprove retrieval performance, and the recognition ofsemantic concepts in video based on multimodal cues.

Multimodal Human–Computer InteractionT. S. Huang,* J. Tu, M. Liu, D. J. Lin, X. Han, H. Ning,M. [email protected] Science Foundation, IIS 00-85980, IIS 01-38965,and CCF 04-26627

Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and theBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

The term "human-computer interaction" is used in a broadsense to include communication between persons andcomputers as well as communication between personsmediated by computers. Researchers are investigating avariety of issues related to the use of computer vision andimage processing in HCI, as well as the integration ofvision, audio, and speech. Examples include visual human(body, face, hand) tracking and analysis, combining speechand visual hand tracking in manipulating virtual objects,audio-visual speech recognition in noisy environments,and audio-visual human emotion recognition.

Video AnalysisT. S. Huang,* N. Petrovic, A. Ivanovic, A. Sethi,S. Rajaram, M. Gupta, Y. Zhou,[email protected] MDA 904-03-C-1787

Research conducted at the Coordinated ScienceLaboratory and Beckman Institute for Advanced Scienceand Technology

Researchers are using generative probabilistic models(GPM) to do video analysis. Tasks include stabilization,denoising, superresolution, segmenting video into layers,and video event retrieval based on examples. Applicationsinclude online surveillance and monitoring, and offlineanalysis using video archives.

Remote Reality: 4-D Audio-Visual Reconstruction andCompression from Multiple SensorsD. L. Jones,* M. N. Do,* R. Morrison, H. [email protected] Science Foundation (ITR Grant)

This project develops new signal processing techniques forreconstruction of the audio and visual recording at anarbitrary location in space and time from multiple acousticand video sensors, but extending recent research inadaptive beamforming, multisensor signal processing ofnonstationary signals, and fundamental new advances inmultidimensional signal representation. Practical four-dimensional audiovisual recording, transmission,playback, and remote reality will be demonstrated withlow-cost, conventional sensors attached to networked


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computers, thus confirming the practicality of the proposedmethods and applications.

A Comprehensive Retargetable Embedded SystemsSoftware Development EnvironmentD. L. Jones,* S. Appadwedula, D. [email protected] of Virginia, National Science Foundationsubcontract

New compiler technology and a high-performancesoftware development environment specialized for digitalsignal processors are being developed. Challenging signalprocessing applications in wireless video communicationwill be used as a testbed for evaluating the performance ofthe new optimizing compiler technology. The newcompilation and software tools will be introduced into aninstructional Digital Signal Processing Laboratory coursefor leading-edge undergraduate education and additionalevaluation.

Soft MaterialsPolymer Studies in Thin-Film MicroelectronicsL. H. Allen,* M. Y. Efremov, E. A. Olsen, M. Zhang,S. ZhangACS-PRF, 37027-AC7

Polymer material is used extensively in microelectronicsincluding nm thick resists (photoresist) for imagepatterning and self- assembled monolayers (SAMs) thincoating for microelectronics. It can also be used as anactive component in terabit/in2 storage devices such as themillipede where the thermal (at ultrafast heating rates)properties of nanometer thick polymers (e.g., polystyreveand PMMA) are of critical importance. We use a recentlydeveloped MEMS device, the nanocalorimeter, to studythe thickness dependence of glass transition temperature inultrathin polymer films. This new technique is 1000 timesmore sensitive than conventional DSC systems. Ourpreliminary results show that it has the capability tomeasure polymer films with thickness of only 1.5 nm.

Supercomputing Research andDevelopmentAn Integrated Framework for PerformanceEngineering and Resource-Aware CompilationC. Polychronopoulos,* F. Breg, J. Brokish, S. Carroll,Y. Chen, A. Christensen, S. M. Chu, G. Clark, I. Cohen,T. Courtney, D. Craig, D. Daly, D. D. Deavours,S. Derisavi, J. Doyle, M. Drzal, X. Han, P. Hong,T. S. Huang, Y. Huang, P. Kalogiannis, W. Ko,C. Koopmans, F. Koopmans, A. Kulothungun,V. V. Lam, D. J. Lin, J. Lin, K. Marukawa,D. S. Nikolopoulos, N. Petrovic, H. Saito,W. H. Sanders, N. Stavrakos, Q. Tian, J. Tu, P. Webster,Y. Wu, M. Yankelevsky, H. Zhou, X. [email protected] Science Foundation, EIA 99-75019

This project developed a comprehensive and integratedapproach to application composition and development,system and application modeling and evaluation,performance characterization, compiler optimization, andlow-overhead runtime support. Achieving thesecapabilities required fundamental advances in methods forhierarchical, multilanguage modeling, simulation, andevaluation, and techniques for adaptive, resource-awarecompilation and runtime support. We took a systematic andsynergetic approach to making these advances andincorporated them into an integrated performanceengineering framework and resource-aware compilationand runtime system. In addition, we demonstrated the useof the integrated framework/system via application toseveral important parallel and distributed multimedia,video database, and computer vision applications.

Surfaces and InterfacesSynthesis and Characterization of NanostructuredAlloys with Enhanced Mechanical PropertiesP. Bellon,* J. R. Abelson,* S. Jayaraman, A. ChaterjeeNational Science Foundation, DMR 0354060-; CECM-Vitry (CNRS France)

This collaboration is to carry out synthesis andcharacterization of nanostructured diborides of zirconium,titanium, and chromium for super-hard coatings with lowfriction coefficients and low wear rates. The followingareas are investigated: novel synthesis techniques, inparticular by CVD of mixed phase materials;characterization of structure and defects in amorphous and


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nanocrystalline films through advanced TEM techniques;and analysis of the friction and wear behavior using thedriven systems approach as a theoretical framework. Ourgoal is to produce an improved understanding of howmicrostructure varies with stoichiometry, with transitionmetals, CVD conditions, and wear parameters.

Systems and ControlEfficient Resource Management for Controlled-Mobility Wireless NetworksE. Frazzoli,* N. Neogi, P. Voulgaris; M. Caccamo,L. Sha (Comput. Sci.); P. R. Kumar (Elect. &Comput. Engr.); E. Modiano (MIT)[email protected], [email protected] Science Foundation, Information TechnologyResearch Program, CCR-0325716

Today's embedded computers are increasingly mobile andubiquitous, are capable of interacting with theenvironment, and can communicate with one another overpossibly vast and pervasive networks. Mobile wirelessnetworks are envisaged to revolutionize the way peopleand organizations will interact and communicate. Whilemost of the wireless networks are not expected to becapable of controlling their own motion, new technologicalpossibilities are emerging to provide small embeddeddevices with the means to propel themselves, with anenergy expenditure that is comparable to the energy budgetof communication and computation. Since the powerrequired for propulsion typically decreases with the massof the device, cheap mobility has the potential todramatically impact the way networks of small, “smart”devices are designed and operated. We will call a networkof embedded devices endowed with computation,communication, and motion capabilities a controlled-mobility wireless network. The purpose of this project, andits intellectual merit, are to be found in the development ofa new conceptual framework for the design, development,and operation of efficient and reliable networks with suchcharacteristics.

Creating An Integrated Modular Environment for theModeling, Analysis and Verification of EmbeddedHybrid SystemsN. Neogi,* B. [email protected] Science Foundation, CCR-0311616

This project involves the development of an integratedmodeling environment for the fast simulation andverification of systems that have both continuous and

discrete components, such as air traffic control systems andbiological systems. The modeling environment uses anabstract functional interface to allow a wide variety ofmodeling formalisms and solvers to be incorporated andleveraged throughout the simulation and verificationprocess.

Engineering Safety and Security into AerospaceSystemsN. Neogi,* R. Iyerhttp://ciae.iti.uiuc.edu/[email protected] Corporation

Successfully building software for complex aerospacesystems demands that qualities such as reliability, safety,security, and timing be rigorously addressed andsystematically built into the software from the beginning.In addition, simply concentrating on initial development isnot enough: These qualities must be preserved as thesoftware evolves during its lifetime. Independent efforts toensure individual qualities in narrow domains, i.e. safety,security, and reliability, have made significant progress.We are creating an approach that combines diversetechniques into an integrated methodology for developingand maintaining software for critical systems.Furthermore, the methodologies that are developed aredesigned to be readable, reviewable, and usable by partiesother than the developers and can be incorporated intotraditional techniques for increasing the quality of thesoftware.

Engineering Safety and Security into AerospaceSystemsN. Neogi,* R. Iyerhttp://ciae.iti.uiuc.edu/[email protected] Corporation

Successfully building software for complex aerospacesystems demands that qualities such as reliability, safety,security, and timing be rigorously addressed andsystematically built into the software from the beginning.In addition, simply concentrating on initial development isnot enough: These qualities must be preserved as thesoftware evolves during its lifetime. Independent efforts toensure individual qualities in narrow domains, i.e. safety,security, and reliability, have made significant progress.We are creating an approach that combines diversetechniques into an integrated methodology for developingand maintaining software for critical systems.Furthermore, the methodologies that are developed aredesigned to be readable, reviewable, and usable by parties


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http://ciae.iti.uiuc.edu/index.html

http://ciae.iti.uiuc.edu/index.html

other than the developers and can be incorporated intotraditional techniques for increasing the quality of thesoftware.

Fast Scanning and Fast Image Reconstruction inAtomic Force MicroscopyS. Salapaka,* P. G. Voulgaris, A. [email protected] Force Office of Scientific Research,FA9950-06-1-0252

This work addresses the challenges of high precision, highthroughput and high bandwidth imaging. The approach isin two steps. The first step is to substantially increase theimaging throughput by closely packing an array ofmicrocantilevers for sensing, which will image a large areaof the sample in a parallel operation. This is in contrast tomost current AFMs that use a single microcantilever toimage the entire sample. In this context, the PIs propose aframework to model and analyze the dynamics of theclosely packed microcantilever arrays, and develop newresults in structures and distributed control for a controldesign that will conform to structural constraints,compensate electronically for the dynamic couplingbetween the components, and account for communicationlinks between the subcontrollers in the design. The secondstep is to develop numerical algorithms to construct highresolution images from the scan data (typically corruptedwith noise and blurring effects) that are time and storagememory efficient. The aim of this step is to make real-timeimage construction from high throughput scan datapossible. Toward this effort, we propose to develop fastalgorithms that solve integral equations defined onirregularly (as opposed to rectangular) shaped domains,which model the scan data from most AFM applications.The accomplishment of the project goals will be mainlypursued from analytical and computational perspectives,but an experiment component will also be incorporated byusing existing facilities to motivate and test theory.

Fast Scanning and Fast Image Reconstruction inAtomic Force MicroscopyS. Salapaka,* P. G. Voulgaris, A. [email protected] Force Office of Scientific Research,FA9950-06-1-0252

This work addresses the challenges of high precision, highthroughput and high bandwidth imaging. The approach isin two steps. The first step is to substantially increase theimaging throughput by closely packing an array ofmicrocantilevers for sensing, which will image a large areaof the sample in a parallel operation. This is in contrast to

most current AFMs that use a single microcantilever toimage the entire sample. In this context, the PIs propose aframework to model and analyze the dynamics of theclosely packed microcantilever arrays, and develop newresults in structures and distributed control for a controldesign that will conform to structural constraints,compensate electronically for the dynamic couplingbetween the components, and account for communicationlinks between the subcontrollers in the design. The secondstep is to develop numerical algorithms to construct highresolution images from the scan data (typically corruptedwith noise and blurring effects) that are time and storagememory efficient. The aim of this step is to make real-timeimage construction from high throughput scan datapossible. Toward this effort, we propose to develop fastalgorithms that solve integral equations defined onirregularly (as opposed to rectangular) shaped domains,which model the scan data from most AFM applications.The accomplishment of the project goals will be mainlypursued from analytical and computational perspectives,but an experiment component will also be incorporated byusing existing facilities to motivate and test theory.

Fast Simulation of Hybrid Biological SystemsB. Sanders,* N. [email protected] Corporation

This project investigates techniques for the fast simulationof large discrete event systems that are prevalent inbiological models. The research leverages hybrid modelingtechniques that allow for the approximation of discreteinteractions by continuous differential equations.Examples of current relevance, such as the biologicaltoggle switch, are currently being studied.

Control of Spatio-Temporal SystemsP. G. Voulgaris,* B. [email protected] Science Foundation

Many modern applications of controlling distributedsystems pose spatial invariance. A typical example is asymmetric array of micromechanical systems, where manysuch devices are located according to some usuallysymmetric pattern. Using suitable extensions of the one-dimensional results, one can design optimal and robustcontrollers. However, the resulting control algorithms are,in general, centralized and impractical to implement. Toalleviate this difficulty, a degree of decentralization isimposed on the controller, and algorithms are developed tooptimize performance under such information-limiting


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constraints. The approach resorts to convex formulationsof the underlying optimization.

Distributed Control for Large Telescopic SystemsP. G. Voulgaris,* S. Jiang, L. Thompson, N. [email protected] of Illinois

In this project we study and develop distributed controlmethods for the primary mirror of large segmentedtelescopes. The aim is to determine the limits of imagingaccuracy that can be achieved by the use of closed loopcontrol of the individual mirror segments. Winddisturbances and structural couplings play a major role inlimiting the position accuracy of such large structures. Themain tools that we use in this study are recently developedrobust control techniques for spatio-temporal systems.

Remote and Distributed Control over NetworksP. G. Voulgaris*[email protected] Science Foundation

Remote and distributed control over networks is a powerfulconcept that exploits the capabilities of the Internet (or anynetwork) in order to remotely control critical tasks andcomplex dynamical interactions over long distances. Thestrategy of remote and distributed control also carries thegreat potential to lead to the development and deploymentof new applications and technologies that can be verysignificant for the scientific and commercial worlds.Driven by the need for a systematic study of this concept,the research here aims at designing and developing novelalgorithms, software, middleware, and prototypes forremote, real-time control of interacting complex systemsover heterogeneous hierarchical networks built around theInternet backbone. A particular problem that is studied isthe effect of decentralization and delayed informationsharing in a networked system to the overall systemperformance.

Robust CommunicationP. G. Voulgaris,* C. Hadjicostis, R. [email protected] Science Foundation

The problem of reconstructing discrete valued signals istraditionally dealt with from a probabilistic point of view.In this project we develop a complementary, worst-caseapproach to this problem. The motivation comes fromapplications where security to malicious attacks is ofparamount importance, and hence, hard performanceguarantees are essential. The theoretical tools of optimaland robust control and filtering play a key role in this

development. Connections to probabilistic approaches arealso developed, and several trade-offs are analyzed in thisnew framework.

Structured Control and Application to Atomic ForceMicroscopyP. G. Voulgaris,* M. Salapaka (Iowa State Univ.)[email protected] Science Foundation

In this project the theory of optimal and robust design isdeveloped when structural constraints are imposed on thecontroller architecture. Such constraints can be generated,for example, due to limited information exchanges amongdifferent local subcontrollers in a large and complexsystem. Although the general problem of optimal designwith decentralized control is very hard to solve, there arecertain specific classes of such problems that admit aconvex formulation. Included are platoons of vehicles,MEMS, networked systems, congestion control, andintegrated-based imaging where an array ofmicrocantilevers is used to scan the sample. The speed andthe accuracy of the scan depend crucially on thecoordination of the microcantilevers, which in turnrequires effective structured and distributed controlalgorithms.

Thermal Behavior of MaterialsDevelopment of MEMS Based NanocalorimeterL. H. Allen*National Science Foundation, DMR-0108694 (Research);NSF DMR -9803019 (Equipment); ACS-PRF #37027-AC7

Researchers are developing a new materialscharacterization technique that is potentially a verypowerful method for directly obtaining quantitative valuesfor small enthalpy of reactions at interfaces, surfaces, andnear surface regions. This device operates at ultrafastheating (105 K/s) and scanning (1-scan/s) rates and issensitive to nanometer thick films of material. This is acollaborative effort with the NNF facility at CornellUniversity (Ithaca, New York). To date we have achievedmonolayer sensitivity, real-time in-situ characterizationtechnique. Progress has been made not only in thefabrication of the device but also in quantitative techniquesin analysis of heat capacity, or thermoelectricalcharacterization of the device.


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Thin Films and Charged ParticlesEpitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-basedNitride Semiconductors Using Plasma-assistedMolecular Beam Epitaxy for Development of High-Speed, High-Power Heterostructure Electronic DevicesK. Kim,* I. Adesida,* S. J. Hong, T. Day, C. W. ParkETRI Electronics, Inc.

The dual objectives of this work are to grow andcharacterize device-quality heterostructure GaN-basedfilms and use them to develop high-speed, high-powerelectronic devices. The materials growth is achieved usinga plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system designedand fabricated at the University of Illinois. The plasmasource is capable of producing contamination-free nitrogenplasmas. The films are characterized using a variety ofmicroanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM,TEM, AFM, PL, CL, SIMS, and Hall measurement.

Nanowire and Nanotube Interconnect Technology for3-D ICsK. Kim,* H. Choi,* A. Cangellaris,* M. G. Kang,S. Lim, N. [email protected] Radiation Center

To improve on-chip interconnect performance beyond the65 nm node, 3-D interconnects and nanotubes areinvestigated, with the focus placed on better understandingof their material properties, their compatibility withsemiconductor processing techniques, and thedevelopment of macroscopic models to facilitatequantification of their impact on performanceenhancement. The proposed research will be founded onnovel processes for the growth of both vertical nanowiresand carbon nanotubes along with a cross-disciplinaryexpertise in the areas of nanotechnology, novel materialssynthesis, nanoscale chemical processing, and signalintegrity-driven electromagnetic interconnect modelingand simulation.

Thin-Film ElectronicsGe-Sb-Te Phase Change Materials: Optical andElectronic Properties, Structural Transformations,and NanostructuresJ. R. Abelson,* B. S. Lee, K. Darmawikarta,S. Bishop* (Elec. & Comput. Engr., Physics)National Science Foundation, NSF-DMR 04-12939

We synthesize and analyze the phase-change chalcogenideGe2Sb2Te5 and related alloys that are used as nonvolatiledata storage media: they can be reversibly transformedfrom an amorphous semiconducting state to a crystallinesemimetallic state, which dramatically changes the opticalreflectivity (as employed in RW-CVDs) and electricalconductivity (as proposed for flash memory devices). Thegoals are to understand the relationship betweennanostructure, transformation kinetics, and the resultingelectronic properties.

Nanoscale Order in Amorphous Solids: Structure,Transformations, and Electronic PropertiesJ. R. Abelson,* S. N. Bogle, T. LiNational Science Foundation, DMR-06-05890

Conducted in the Frederick Seitz Materials ResearchLaboratory

This focused research group is a broad-ranging effort tounderstand nanometer-scale medium range order (MRO)in amorphous semiconductors and glassy materials,including its origins, structure, and electronic effects. Weemploy the fluctuation electron microscopy technique toevaluate whether solids that appear to be amorphous indiffraction in fact contain MRO. We have demonstratedthat amorphous silicon cannot be described by thecontinuous random network model, but is paracrystalline,defined as the small grain size limit of nanocrystallinity.We are currently investigating the MRO in compounds,including chalcogenide glasses and transition metaldiborides.

Investigation of Kinetics and ThermodynamicsProperties During Reactions/Growth in Metal Systemsin Devices: Silicides and W DepositionL. H. Allen,* Z. Ma (Intel), D. Allman (LSI Logic Corp.)Intel Corporation; LSI Logic Corporation


Metallization plays an important role in state-of-the-artULSI metallization process technology not only for S/D/gate contacts but also for interlayer interconnects. As


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device size decreases material challenges abound,including size-dependent silicide reaction and nanopipediffusion paths for CVD W deposition. Using a newmaterials characterization tool, a nanocalorimetry, we arecurrently probing a model/metastable silicide system (Au/Si).

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Heterojunction Solar Cells for ExtremeHigh-Efficiency Photovoltaic ConcentratorsA. Rockett,* D. X. Liao, C. M. MuellerNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Departmentof Energy, NREL AAT-1-30620-05


The objective of this project is to demonstrate the potentialfor use of CuInSe2 and related materials as the 1.00 eVenergy-gap material in multijunction extremely highefficiency solar cells. Intermediate objectives includedemonstration of solar cells based on p-CIS/n+-GaAs andp-CIS/n-Ge heterojunctions as components ofmultijunction high-efficiency solar cell devices.

Next-Generation Processing Methods for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Heterojunction Solar CellsA. Rockett,* A. Hall, D. HebertNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Departmentof Energy, NREL ACQ-1-30619-07


A key goal of this research is to develop a low-temperaturedeposition process capable of producing device-qualitychalcopyrite semiconductors for solar cell applications.This is an enabling technology for multijunction solar cells.To accomplish this, a unique next-generation method forlow-temperature deposition of CIGS based on the ionizedphysical vapor deposition (IPVD) technique will bedeveloped. IPVD has been shown to dramatically reducerequired temperatures in other thin-film coatings. IPVD isa modified sputtering approach. It supplies energy to thegrowing film surface though the working gas rather thanby heating the substrate.

Understanding the Structural and Chemical Basis ofChalcopyrite Solar Cell OperationA. Rockett,* I. Robertson, C. M. LiNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Departmentof Energy, NREL ADJ-2-30630-26


The goal of this proposal is to correlate the performancedifference of chalcopyrite solar cells to structural andchemical inhomogeneities. Specifically, electronmicroscopy techniques are used to determine the chemistryand electronic structure of grain boundaries, the nature ofthe collecting heterojunction, and the spatial distributionof defects and impurities. The impact of these chemical andstructural variations on device performance will beassessed by using computer modeling.

Atomic-Scale Mechanisms of Crystal GrowthA. Rockett*U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-91ER45439


This program seeks to improve understanding of theatomic-scale structure in thin films. The current focus is onpoint defects and their consequences for electronicproperties of semiconductors. The program includes boththeoretical and experimental approaches based on densityfunctional theory and physical vapor deposition,respectively.

Tunneling MicroscopyNanoelectronics: Low-Power, High-PerformanceComponents and CircuitsJ. W. Lyding,* K. Hess,* J. Moore* (Chem.),R. Martin,* H. Choi* (Physics)U.S. Navy, ASUSG 98-152SG


This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of theUniversity Research Initiative (MURI) at the BeckmanInstitute with the goal of combining STM nanofabricationwith atomistic simulations to develop novel nanoelectronicdevice structures on the atomic and molecular size scale.Techniques are being developed to fabricate and test thesestructures in situ in the UHV STM. This program alsoinvolves collaborations with Arizona State University,University of Notre Dame, and University of California at


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Berkeley, to explore new interconnect schemes fornanoelectronics and to interface nanoelectronic deviceswith conventional microelectronic circuits.

Nanoscale Interface Characterization by UHV STMSpectroscopyJ. W. Lyding,* L. Liu, J. Yu, J. TolomeiU.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-00-1-0234


This research is focused on atomic scale dopant mappingand the determination of the rms roughness and correlationlengths associated with oxide-silicon interfaces. Thesubstitution of deuterium for hydrogen at oxide-siliconinterfaces is also being studied. It has been determined withmodern scaling trends that deuterium becomesincreasingly effective at reducing hot carrier degradationin CMOS technology.

Protein LogicJ. W. Lyding,* S. A. Boppart,* M. Gruebele, G. Timp;N. Aluru* (Indus. & Enter. Syst. Engr.),P. Braun* (Mat. Sci. & Engr.), J. Moore* (Chem.)National Science Foundation, Nanoscale InterdisciplinaryResearch Teams


This program seeks to integrate functional protein arrayswith nanoscale CMOS on silicon. Natural and artificial ionchannels are being utilized to interface between biologyand silicon. Selective chemistry utilizing STM patterningis being used to fabricate the protein templates.

Journal ArticlesBasu, A., Mohammed, F. M., Guo, S., Peres, B., andAdesida, I. Mo/Al/Mo/Au Ohmic contact scheme forAlxGa1-xN/GaN high electron transistors annealed at500 degrees C. Journal of Vacuum Science & TechnologyB, 24:2, L16-L18 (Mar.-Apr. 2006).

Hua, F., Gaur, A., Sun, Y. G., Word, M., Jin, N.,Adesida, I., Shim, M., Shim, A., and Rogers, J. A. Processing dependent behavior of soft imprintlithography on the 1--10-nm scale. IEEE Transactionson Nanotechnology, 5:3, 301-308 (May 2006).

Lee, J. K., Meitl, M. A., Ahn, J. H., Rogers, J. A.,Nuzzo, R. G., Kumar, V., and Adesida, I. Bendable GaNhigh electron mobility transistors on plastic substrates. Journal of Applied Physics, 100:12, 24507 (Dec. 15, 2006)(http://rogers.mse.uiuc.edu/files/2006/GaN_MESFETS.pdf).

Meitl, M. A., Zhu, Z. T., Kumar, V., Lee, K. J., Feng, X.,Huang, Y. Y., Adesida, I., Nuzzo, R. G., andRogers, J. A. Transfer printing by kinetic control ofadhesion to an elastomeric stamp. Nature Materials,5:1, 33-38 (Jan. 2006).

Nguyen-Tran, T., Suendo, V., Cabarrocas, P. R. I.,Nittala, L. N., Bogle, S. N., and Abelson, J. R. Fluctuationmicroscopy evidence for enhanced nanoscale structuralorder in polymorphous silicon thin films - art. no.094319. Journal of Applied Physics, 100:9, 94319 (Nov.1, 2006).

Sun, Y. G., Kim, H. S., Menard, E., Kim, S., Adesida, I.,and Rogers, J. A. Printed arrays of aligned GaAs wiresfor flexible transistors, diodes, and circuits on plasticsubstrates. Sml, 2:11, 1330-1334 (Nov. 2006).

Sun, Y. G., Kumar, V., Adesida, I., and Rogers, J. A. Buckled and wavy ribbons of GaAs for high-performance electronics on elastomeric substrates. Advanced Materials, 18:21, 2857 (Nov. 3, 2006) (http://rogers.mse.uiuc.edu/files/2006/gaasadvmater.pdf).

Sun, Y. G., Menard, E., Rogers, J. A., Kim, H. S.,Kim, S., Chen, G., Adesida, I., Dettmer, R., Cortez, R.,and Tewksbury, A. Gigahertz operation in flexibletransistors on plastic substrates - art. no. 183509. Applied Physics Letters, 88:18, 83509 (May 1, 2006).

van der Wilt, P., Kane, M. G., Limanov, A. B.,Firester, A. H., Goodman, L., Lee, J., Abelson, J.,Chitu, A. M., and Im, J. S. Low-temperaturepolycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors and circuitson flexible substrates. MRS Bulletin, 31:6, 461-465 (Jun.2006).

Wang, L. L., Khare, S. V., Chirita, V., Johnson, D. D.,Rockett, A. A., Frenkel, A. I., Mack, N. H., andNuzzo, R. G. Origin of bulklike structure and bondlength disorder of Pt-37 and Pt6Ru31 clusters oncarbon: Comparison of theory and experiment. Journalof the American Chemical Society, 128:1, 131-142 (Jan.11, 2006).


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http://rogers.mse.uiuc.edu/files/2006/GaN_MESFETS.pdf

http://rogers.mse.uiuc.edu/files/2006/GaN_MESFETS.pdf

http://rogers.mse.uiuc.edu/files/2006/gaasadvmater.pdf

http://rogers.mse.uiuc.edu/files/2006/gaasadvmater.pdf

Yang, Y., Jayaraman, S., Kim, D. Y., Girolami, G. S.,and Abelson, J. R. Crystalline texture in hafniumdiboride thin films grown by chemical vapordeposition. Journal of Crystal Growth, 294:2, 389-395(Sep. 4, 2006).

Yang, Y., Jayaraman, S., Kim, D. Y., Girolami, G. S.,and Abelson, J. R. CVD growth kinetics of HfB2 thinfilms from the single-source precursor Hf(BH4)(4). Chemistry of Materials, 18:21, 5088-5096 (Oct. 17, 2006).

Zhao, W., Mohammed, F. M., and Adesida, I. Applicationof the Ag-based ohmic contact to the realization ofthermally-stable InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electronmobility transistors. Japanese Journal of AppliedPhysics Part 1-Regular Papers Brief Communications &Review Papers, 45:10A, 7632-7636 (Oct. 2006).

Advanced Processing and CircuitsBasu, A., Mohammed, F., Guo, S., Peres, B., andAdesida, I. Mo/Al/Mo/Au Ohmic contact scheme forAlxGa1-xN/GaN high electron mobility transistorsannealed at 500 degrees C. Journal of Vacuum Scienceand Technology B, 24:2, L16-L18 (Mar.-Apr. 2006).

Chen, G., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., and Adesida, I. A lowgate bias model extraction technique for AlGaN/GaNHEMTs. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques, 54:7, 2949-2953 (Jul. 2006).

Cho, S., Yun, J., Jun, D., Song, J., Adesida, I., Pan, N.,and Jang, J. High performance InP/InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors. Solid-State Electronics, 50:6, 902-907 (Jun. 2006).

Choi, W., Jang, J., Yu, B., Lee, Y., Zhao, W., Bae, J.,and Adesida, I. Low loss high mesa optical waveguidesbased on InGaAsP/InP heterostructures. Journal ofNanoscience and Nanotechnology, 6:11, 3562-3566 (Nov.2006).

Fang, Z., Look, D., Krtschil, A., Krost, A., Khan, F., andAdesida, I. Giant traps on the surface of hydride vaporphase epitaxy-grown free-standing GaN. Journal ofElectronic Materials, 35:4, 613-617 (Apr. 2006).

Hua, F., Gaur, A., Sun, Y., Word, M., Jin, N.,Adesida, I., Shim, M., Shim, A., and Rogers, J. Processingdependent behavior of soft imprint lithography on the1--10-nm scale. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology,5:3, 301-308 (May 2006).

Jang, J. and Adesida, I. Fabrication and characterizationof capless In(0.52)AI(0.48)As/In0.53Ga0.47AsHEMTs. The Institute of Electronics, Information andCommunication Engineers Transactions on Electronics,E89C:8, 1259-1262 (Aug. 2006).

Jang, J., Kim, S., and Adesida, I. Enhancement-modehigh electron mobility transistors lattice-matched toInP substrates utilizing Ti/Pt/Au metallization. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-RegularPapers, Short Notes, Review Papers, 45:4B, 3349-3354(Apr. 2006).

Jang, J., Kim, S., and Adesida, I. Fabrication andcharacterization of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As E/D-HEMTs on InP substrates. Solid-State Electronics,50:5, 758-762 (May 2006).

Jun, D., Jang, J., Adesida, I., and Song, J. Improvedefficiency-bandwidth product of modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode structures using anundoped photo-absorption layer. Japanese Journal ofApplied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers, Short Notes,Review Papers, 45:4B, 3475-3478 (Apr. 2006).

Kumar, V., Chen, G., Guo, S., and Adesida, I. Field-plated0.25-mu m gate-length AlGaN/GaN HEMTs withvarying field-plate length. IEEE Transactions onElectron Devices, 53:6, 1477-1480 (Jun. 2006).

Lee, J., Kumar, V., and Adesida, I. High-power-density0.25 mu m gate-length AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors on semi-insulating 6H-SiCsubstrates. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers, Short Notes, Review Papers, 45:1A,13-17 (Jan. 2006).

Lee, K., Meitl, M., Ahn, J., Rogers, J., Nuzzo, R.,Kumar, V., and Adesida, I. Bendable GaN high electronmobility transistors on plastic substrates - art. no.124507. Journal of Applied Physics, 100:12, 24507 (Dec.2006).

Meitl, M., Zhu, Z., Kumar, V., Lee, K., Feng, X.,Huang, Y., Adesida, I., Nuzzo, R., and Rogers, J. Transfer printing by kinetic control of adhesion to anelastomeric stamp. Nature Materials, 5:1, 33-38 (Jan.2006).

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Mohammed, F., Wang, L., Adesida, I., and Piner, E. Therole of barrier layer on Ohmic performance of Ti/Al-based contact metallizations on AlGaN/GaNheterostructures - art. no. 023708. Journal of AppliedPhysics, 100:2, 23708 (Jul. 2006).

Mohammed, F., Wang, L., and Adesida, I. Ultralowresistance Si-containing Ti/Al/Mo/Au Ohmic contactswith large processing window for AlGaN/GaNheterostructures - art. no. 212107. Applied PhysicsLetters, 88:21, 12107 (May 2006).

Sun, Y., Kim, H., Menard, E., Kim, S., Adesida, I., andRogers, J. Printed arrays of aligned GaAs wires forflexible transistors, diodes, and circuits on plasticsubstrates. Small, 2:11, 1330-1334 (Nov. 2006).

Sun, Y., Kumar, V., Adesida, I., and Rogers, J. Buckledand wavy ribbons of GaAs for high-performanceelectronics on elastomeric substrates. AdvancedMaterials, 18:21, 2857 (Nov. 2006).

Sun, Y., Menard, E., Rogers, J., Kim, H., Kim, S.,Chen, G., Adesida, I., Dettmer, R., Cortez, R., andTewksbury, A. Gigahertz operation in flexibletransistors on plastic substrates - art. no. 183509. Applied Physics Letters, 88:18, 83509 (May 2006).

Wang, L., Zhao, W., and Adesida, I. Correlating theSchottky barrier height with the interfacial reactions ofIr gates for InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobilitytransistors - art. no. 211910. Applied Physics Letters,89:21, 11910 (Nov. 2006).

Zhao, W., Mohammed, F., and Adesida, I. Application ofthe Ag-based ohmic contact to the realization ofthermally-stable InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electronmobility transistors. Japanese Journal of AppliedPhysics Part 1-Regular Papers, Short Notes, ReviewPapers, 45:10A, 7632-7636 (Oct. 2006).

Zhao, W., Wang, L., and Adesida, I. Electrical andstructural investigations of Ag-based Ohmic contactsfor InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron mobilitytransistors - art. no. 072105. Applied Physics Letters,89:7, 72105 (Aug. 2006).

AeronomyChau, J. and Kudeki, E. First E- and D-region incoherentscatter spectra observed over Jicamarca. AnnalesGeophysicae-Atmospheres Hydrospheres and SpaceSciences, 24:5, 1295-1303 (2006).

Chau, J. and Kudeki, E. Statistics of 150-km echoes overJicamarca based on low-power VHF observations. Annales Geophysicae-Atmospheres Hydrospheres andSpace Sciences, 24:5, 1305-1310 (2006).

Friedrich, M., Torkar, K., Lehmacher, G., Croskey, C.,Mitchell, J., Kudeki, E., and Milla, M. Rocket andincoherent scatter radar common-volume electronmeasurements of the equatorial lower ionosphere - art.no. L08807. Geophysical Research Letters, 33:8, 8807(Apr. 2006).

Kudeki, E. and Milla, M. Incoherent scatter spectrumtheory for modes propagating perpendicular to thegeomagnetic field - art. no. A06306. Journal ofGeophysical Research-Space Physics, 111:A6, 6306 (Jun.2006).

Kudeki, E., Milla, M., Friedrich, M., Lehmacher, G., andSponseller, D. ALTAIR incoherent scatter observationsof the equatorial daytime ionosphere - art. no. L08108. Geophysical Research Letters, 33:8, 8108 (Apr. 2006).

Lehmacher, G., Croskey, C., Mitchell, J., Friedrich, M.,Luebken, F., Rapp, M., Kudeki, E., and Fritts, D. Intenseturbulence observed above a mesospheric temperatureinversion at equatorial latitude - art. no. L08808. Geophysical Research Letters, 33:8, 8808 (Apr. 2006).

Milla, M. and Kudeki, E. F-region electron density andT-e/T-i measurements using incoherent scatter powerdata collected at ALTAIR. Annales Geophysicae-Atmospheres Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:5,1333-1342 (2006).

Sheth, R., Kudeki, E., Lehmacher, G., Sarango, M.,Woodman, R., Chau, J., Guo, L., and Reyes, P. A high-resolution study of mesospheric fine structure with theJicamarca mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere(MST) radar. Annales Geophysicae-AtmospheresHydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:5, 1281-1293(2006).

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Waldrop, L., Kudeki, E., Gonzalez, S., Sulzer, M.,Garcia, R., Butala, M., and Kamalabadi, F. Derivation ofneutral oxygen density under charge exchange in themidlatitude topside ionosphere - art. no. A11308. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics,111:A11, 11308 (Nov. 2006).

Artificial Intelligence: MachineLearning, Vision, and RoboticsDejong, G. and Epshteyn, A. Generative priorknowledge for discriminative classification. Journal ofArtificial Intelligence Research, 27, 25-53 (2006).

Automotive SystemsPolley, M., Alleyne, A., and de Vries, E. Scaled vehicletire characteristics: dimensionless analysis. VehicleSystem Dynamics, 44:2, 87-105 (Feb. 2006).

BioacousticsAmmi, A., Cleveland, R., Mamou, J., Wang, G.,Bridal, S., and O'Brien, W. Ultrasonic contrast agentshell rupture detected by inertial cavitation andrebound signals. IEEE Transactions on UltrasonicsFerroelectrics and Frequency Control, 53:1, 126-136 (Jan.2006).

Bigelow, T. and O'Brien, W. Impact of local attenuationapproximations when estimating correlation lengthfrom backscattered ultrasound echoes. Journal of theAcoustical Society of America, 120:1, 546-553 (Jul. 2006).

Mamou, J., Oelze, M., O'Brien, W., and Zachary, J. Perspective on biomedical quantitative ultrasoundimaging. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 23:3,112-116 (May 2006).

Oelze, M. and O'Brien, W. Application of threescattering models to characterization of solid tumors inmice. Ultrasonic Imaging, 28:2, 83-96 (Apr. 2006).

Phatak, S., Ratnam, R., Wheeler, B., O'Brien, W., andFeng, A. Effect of reflectors on sound-sourcelocalization with two microphones. Journal of the AudioEngineering Society, 54:6, 512-524 (Jun. 2006).

CircuitsBae, H., Ashbrook, J., Park, J., Shanbhag, N., Singer, A.,and Chopra, S. A maximum-likelihood sequenceestimator (MLSE) receiver for electronic dispersioncompensation of OC-192 fiber links. IEEE Journal ofSolid-State Circuits, 41:11, 2541-2554 (Nov. 2006).

Carter, N. and Hussain, A. Modeling wire delay, area,power, and performance in a simulationinfrastructure. IBM Journal of Research andDevelopment, 50:2-3, 311-319 (Mar.-May 2006).

Chen, D., Cong, J., and Xu, J. Optimal simultaneousmodule and multivoltage assignment for low power. Association for Computing Machinery Transactions onDesign Automation of Electronic Systems, 11:2, 362-386(Apr. 2006).

Chen, H., Liu, I., and Wong, M. I/O clustering in designcost and performance optimization for flip-chip design. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design ofIntegrated Circuits and Systems, 25:11, 2552-2556 (Nov.2006).

Cheng, L. and Wong, M. Floorplan design formultimillion gate FPGAs. IEEE Transactions onComputer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits andSystems, 25:12, 2795-2805 (Dec. 2006).

Gracheva, M., Xiong, A., Aksimentiev, A., Schulten, K.,Timp, G., and Leburton, J. Simulation of the electricresponse of DNA translocation through asemiconductor nanopore-capacitor. Nanotechnology,17:3, 622-633 (Feb. 2006).

Li, H., Zemke, C., Manetas, G., Okhmatovski, V.,Rosenbaum, E., and Cangellaris, A. An automated andefficient substrate noise analysis tool. IEEETransactions on Computer-Aided Design of IntegratedCircuits and Systems, 25:3, 454-468 (Mar. 2006).

Li, J., Joshi, S., Barnes, R., and Rosenbaum, E. Compactmodeling of on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD)protection devices using verilog-A. IEEE Transactionson Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits andSystems, 25:6, 1047-1063 (Jun. 2006).

Mansour, M. and Shanbhag, N. A 640-Mb/s 2048-bitprogrammable LDPC decoder chip. IEEE Journal ofSolid-State Circuits, 41:3, 684-698 (Mar. 2006).

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Ozdal, M. and Wong, M. Algorithmic study of single-layer bus routing for high-speed boards. IEEETransactions on Computer-Aided Design of IntegratedCircuits and Systems, 25:3, 490-503 (Mar. 2006).

Ozdal, M. and Wong, M. Algorithms for simultaneousescape routing and layer assignment of dense PCBs. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design ofIntegrated Circuits and Systems, 25:8, 1510-1522 (Aug.2006).

Ozdal, M. and Wong, M. A length-matching routingalgorithm for high-performance printed circuitboards. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Designof Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:12, 2784-2794(Dec. 2006).

Shim, B. and Shanbhag, N. Energy-efficient soft error-tolerant digital signal processing. IEEE Transactions onVery Large Scale Integration (Vlsi) Systems, 14:4,336-348 (Apr. 2006).

Tang, X., Tian, R., and Wong, M. Minimizing wire lengthin floorplanning. IEEE Transactions on Computer-AidedDesign of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:9,1744-1753 (Sep. 2006).

Tsai, J., Chen, C., Chen, G., Goplen, B., Qian, H.,Zhan, Y., Kang, S., Wong, M., and Sapatnekar, S. Temperature-aware placement for System-on-Chips(SOCs). Proceedings of the IEEE, 94:8, 1502-1518 (Aug.2006).

Xiang, H., Chao, K., and Wong, M. An ECO routingalgorithm for eliminating coupling-capacitanceviolations. IEEE Transactions on Computer-AidedDesign of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:9,1754-1762 (Sep. 2006).

Zhang, M. and Shanbhag, N. Dual-sampling skewedComplementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)design for soft-error tolerance. IEEE Transactions onCircuits and Systems II-Express Briefs, 53:12,1461-1465 (Dec. 2006).

Zhang, M. and Shanbhag, N. Soft-error-rate-analysis(SERA) methodology. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25:10,2140-2155 (Oct. 2006).

Zhang, M., Mitra, S., Mak, T., Seifert, N., Wang, N.,Shi, Q., Kim, K., Shanbhag, N., and Patel, S. Sequentialelement design with built-in soft error resilience. IEEETransactions on Very Large Scale Integration (Vlsi)Systems, 14:12, 1368-1378 (Dec. 2006).

CommunicationsAhmad, S., Jovicic, A., and Viswanath, P. On outerbounds to the capacity region of wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52:6,2770-2776 (Jun. 2006).

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Maheswaran, R. and Basar, T. Efficient signalproportional allocation (ESPA) mechanisms:Decentralized social welfare maximization for divisibleresources. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas inCommunications, 24:5, 1000-1009 (May 2006).

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Pandit, C. and Meyn, S. Worst-case large-deviationasymptotics with application to queueing andinformation theory. Stochastic Processes and theirApplications, 116:5, 724-756 (May 2006).

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Tovar, B., Munoz-Gomez, L., Murrieta-Cid, R.,Alencastre-Miranda, M., Monroy, R., and Hutchinson, S. Planning exploration strategies for simultaneouslocalization and mapping. Robotics and AutonomousSystems, 54:4, 314-331 (Apr. 2006).

Vidal, R. and Ma, Y. A unified algebraic approach to 2-D and 3-D motion segmentation and estimation. Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 25:3,403-421 (Oct. 2006).

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Xie, L. and Kumar, P. On the path-loss attenuationregime for positive cost and linear scaling of transportcapacity in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions onInformation Theory, 52:6, 2313-2328 (Jun. 2006).

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Digital Signal and Imaging ProcessingJacob, M., Bresler, Y., Toronov, V., Zhang, X., andWebb, A. Level-set algorithm for the reconstruction offunctional activation in near-infrared spectroscopicimaging - art. no. 064029. Journal of Biomedical Optics,11:6, 64029 (Nov.-Dec. 2006).

Ying, L., Liang, Z., Munson, D., Koetter, R., andFrey, B. Unwrapping of MR phase images using aMarkov random field model. IEEE Transactions onMedical Imaging, 25:1, 128-136 (Jan. 2006).

ElectromagneticsErvin, B., Bernhard, J., Kuchma, D., and Reis, H. Estimation of general corrosion damage to steelreinforced mortar using frequency sweeps of guidedmechanical waves [Review]. Insight, 48:11, 682-692(Nov. 2006).

Huff, G. and Bernhard, J. Integration of packaged RFMEMS switches with radiation pattern reconfigurablesquare spiral microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation, 54:2 Part 1, 464-469 (Feb.2006).

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Gu, X. H. and Nahrstedt, K. Distributed multimediaservice composition with statistical QoS assurances. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 8:1, 141-151 (Feb.2006).

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Liang, J. and Nahrstedt, K. Service composition forgeneric service graphs. Multimedia Systems, 11:6,568-581 (Jun. 2006).

Talwar, V., Agarwalla, B., Basu, S., Kumar, R., andNahrstedt, K. Resource allocation for remote desktopsessions in utility grids. Concurrency and Computation—Practice and Experience, 18:6, 667-684 (May 2006).

Xiao, L., He, G. H., and Nahrstedt, K. BGP sessionlifetime modeling in congested networks. ComputerNetworks: The International Journal of DistributedInformatique, 50:17, 3315-3333 (Dec. 2006).

Xue, Y. A., Li, B. C., and Nahrstedt, K. Channel-relayprice pair: Towards arbitrating incentives in wirelessad hoc networks. Wireless Communications and MobileComputing, 6:2, 235-245 (Mar. 2006).

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Yuan, W. H. and Nahrstedt, K. Energy-efficient CPUscheduling for multimedia applications. Association forComputing Machinery Transactions on ComputerSystems, 24:3, 292-331 (Aug. 2006).

Yuan, W. H., Nahrstedt, K., Adve, S. V., Jones, D. L.,and Kravets R. H. GRACE: Cross-layer adaptation formultimedia quality and battery energy. IEEETransactions on Mobile Computing, 5:7, 799-815 (Jul.2006).

Zheng, R., Hou, J. C., and Sha, L. Optimal block designfor asynchronous wake-up schedules and itsapplications in multihop wireless networks. IEEETransactions on Mobile Computing, 5:9, 1228-1241 (Sep.2006).

Zheng, R., Hou, J. C., and Sha, L. Performance analysisof power management policies in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 5:6,1351-1361 (Jun. 2006).

Optical ImagingMarks, D., Ralston, T., Carney, P., and Boppart, S. Inversescattering for rotationally scanned optical coherencetomography. Journal of the Optical Society of AmericaA-Optics and Image Science, 23:10, 2433-2439 (Oct.2006).

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Power and Energy SystemsEsram, T., Kimball, J., Krein, P., Chapman, P., andMidya, P. Dynamic maximum power point tracking ofphotovoltaic arrays using ripple correlation control. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21:5,1282-1291 (Sep. 2006).

Hong, S., Chapman, P., Krein, P., and Kim, K. Selective-area growth and fabrication of recessed-gate GaNMESFET using plasma-assisted molecular beamepitaxy. Physica Status Solidi A-Applications andMaterials Science, 203:7, 1872-1875 (May 2006).

Kimball, J., Krein, P., and Chen, Y. Hysteresis and deltamodulation control of converters using sensorlesscurrent mode. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,21:4, 1154-1158 (Jul. 2006).

Kwasinski, A. and Krein, P. An integrated 42-V drivedesign for automobile loads with a low-distortionovermodulation strategy. IEEE Transactions on PowerElectronics, 21:3, 648-658 (May 2006).

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Zheng, K., Lee, A., Bentsman, J., and Krein, P. Highperformance robust linear controller synthesis for aninduction motor using a multi-objective hybrid controlstrategy. Nonlinear Analysis-Theory Methods &Applications, 65:11, 2061-2081 (Dec. 2006).

Real-Time and Embedded SystemsGopalakrishnan, S., Caccamo, M., Shih, C. S.,Lee, C. G., and Sha, L. Finite-horizon scheduling ofradar dwells with online template construction. Real-Time Systems, 33:1-3, 47-75 (Jul. 2006).

Lee, C. G., Kang, P. S., Shih, C. S., and Sha, L. Schedulability envelope for real-time radar dwellscheduling. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 55:12,1599-1613 (Dec. 2006).

Lee, I., Pappas, G. J., Cleaveland, R., Hatcliff, J.,Krogh, B. H., Lee, P., Rubin, H., and Sha, L. High-confidence medical device software and systems. Computer, 39:4, 33-38 (Apr. 2006).

Liu, X., Wang, Q., He, W., Caccamo, M., and Sha, L. Optimal real-time sampling rate assignment forwireless sensor networks. Association for ComputingMachinery Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2:2,263-295 (May 2006).

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingBarnes, R., Ryoo, S., Hwu, W., and Hwu, W. Toleratingcache-miss latency with multipass pipelines. IEEEMicro, 26:1, 40-47 (Jan.-Feb. 2006).

Basile, C., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. Active replicationof multithreaded applications. IEEE Transactions onParallel and Distributed Systems, 17:5, 448-465 (May2006).

Chen, S., Xu, J., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. Securityvulnerabilities: From analysis to detection and maskingtechniques. Proceedings of the IEEE, 94:2, 407-418 (Feb.2006).

Joo, C., Bahk, S., and Lumetta, S. A hybrid active queuemanagement for stability and fast adaptation. Journalof Communications and Networks, 8:1, 93-105 (Mar.2006).

Loui, M. Assessment of an engineering ethics video:Incident at Morales. Journal of Engineering Education,95:1, 85-91 (Jan. 2006).

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Loui, M. Commentary on "An analytical hierarchyprocess model to apportion co-author responsibility". Science and Engineering Ethics, 12:3, 567-570 (Jul. 2006).

Pae, S. and Loui, M. Randomizing functions: Simulationof a discrete probability distribution using a source ofunknown distribution. IEEE Transactions onInformation Theory, 52:11, 4965-4976 (Nov. 2006).

Pal, P., Rubel, P., Atighetchi, M., Webber, F.,Sanders, W., Seri, M., Ramasamy, H., Lyons, J.,Courtney, T., Agbaria, A., Cukier, M., Gossett, J., andKeidar, I. An architecture for adaptive intrusion-tolerant applications. Software–Practice andExperience, 36:11-12, 1331-1354 (Sep.-Oct. 2006).

Sanders, W. Modelling techniques and tools forcomputer performance evaluation. PerformanceEvaluation, 63:6, 521-523 (Jun. 2006).

Remote SensingAtkinson, I., Kamalabadi, F., Mohan, S., and Jones, D. Asymptotically optimal blind estimation ofmultichannel images. IEEE Transactions of ImageProcessing, 15:4, 992-1007 (Apr. 2006).

Chu, X., Espy, P., Nott, G., Diettrich, J., and Gardner, C. Polar mesospheric clouds observed by an ironBoltzmann lidar at Rothera (67.5 degrees S, 68.0degrees W), Antarctica from 2002 to 2005: Propertiesand implications - art. no. D20213. Journal ofGeophysical Research-Atmospheres, 111:D20, 20213(Oct. 2006).

Comberiate, J., Kamalabadi, F., and Paxton, L. Tomographic imaging of equatorial plasma bubbles -art. no. L15805. Geophysical Research Letters, 33:15,15805 (Aug. 2006).

Espy, P., Hibbins, R., Swenson, G., Tang, J., Taylor, M.,Riggin, D., and Fritts, D. Regional variations ofmesospheric gravity-wave momentum flux overAntarctica. Annales Geophysicae-AtmospheresHydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:1, 81-88 (2006).

Kelley, M., de la Beaujardiere, O., Retterer, J., andMakela, J. Introduction to special section onCommunications/Navigation Forecasting System: Anext step in space weather - art. no. S12C01. SpaceWeather: The International Journal of Research andApplications, 3:12, C1201 (Dec. 2006).

Lavarello, R., Kamalabadi, F., and O'Brien, W. Aregularized inverse approach to ultrasonic pulse-echoimaging. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 25:6,712-722 (Jun. 2006).

Makela, J. A review of imaging low-latitude ionosphericirregularity processes. Journal of Atmospheric andSolar-Terrestrial Physics, 68:13, 1441-1458 (Sep. 2006).

Makela, J. and Chau, J. The 11th InternationalSymposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA-11),Taipei, May 2005. Annales Geophysicae-AtmospheresHydrospheres and Space Sciences, 24:5, 1279-1280(2006).

Makela, J., Kelley, M., and Nicolls, M. Opticalobservations of the development of secondaryinstabilities on the eastern wall of an equatorial plasmabubble - art. no. A09311. Journal of GeophysicalResearch-Space Physics, 111:A9, 9311 (Sep. 2006).

Makela, J., Kelley, M., and Su, S. Simultaneousobservations of convective ionospheric storms:ROCSAT-1 and ground-based imagers - art. no.S12C02. Space Weather: The International Journal ofResearch and Applications, 3:12, C1202 (Dec. 2006).

Semiconductor LasersGhong, T., Kim, Y., Aspnes, D., Klein, M., Ko, D.,Kim, Y., Elarde, V., and Coleman, J. Interface analysisof an AlGaAs multilayer system by using spectroscopicellipsometry. Journal of the Korean Physical Society,48:6, 1601-1605 (Jun. 2006).

Price, R., Borchardt, J., Elarde, V., Swint, R., andColeman, J. Narrow-linewidth asymmetric claddingdistributed Bragg reflector semiconductor lasers at 850nm. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 18:1-4, 97-99(Jan.-Feb. 2006).

Price, R., Elarde, V., and Coleman, J. Widely tunable850-nm metal-filled asymmetric cladding distributedBragg reflector lasers. IEEE Journal of QuantumElectronics, 42:7-8, 667-674 (Jul.-Aug. 2006).

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Semiconductor PhysicsBarraza-Lopez, S., Albrecht, P., Romero, N., andHess, K. Ab initio study of semiconducting carbonnanotubes adsorbed on the Si(100) surface: Diameter-and registration-dependent atomic configurations andelectronic properties - art. no. 124304. Journal ofApplied Physics, 100:12, 24304 (Dec. 2006).

Hess, K., Philipp, W., and Aschwanden, M. What isquantum information? [Review]. International Journalof Quantum Information, 4:4, 585-625 (Aug. 2006).

Lee, J., Lee, Y., and Hess, K. A thorough study ofhydrogen-related gate oxide degradation in deepsubmicron MOSFET's with deuterium treatmentprocess. Solid-State Electronics, 50:2, 149-154 (Feb.2006).

SemiconductorsAusting, D., Yu, G., Melnikov, D., Leburton, J., andTarucha, S. Few-electron spin and chargeconfigurations in circular and rectangular verticalquantum dot mesas in a magnetic field: Experimentand full three-dimensional self-consistent simulations. Physica E - Low-Dimensional Systems andNanostructures, 32:1-2, 395-398 (May 2006).

Bi, X., East, J., Ravaioli, U., and Haddad, G. Analysis anddesign of Si terahertz transit-time diodes. Solid-StateElectronics, 50:5, 889-896 (May 2006).

Gracheva, M., Aksimentiev, A., and Leburton, J. Electrical signatures of single-stranded DNA withsingle base mutations in a nanopore capacitor. Nanotechnology, 17:13, 3160-3165 (Jul. 2006).

Guo, B., Ravaioli, U., and Staedele, M. Full band MonteCarlo calculations of velocity-field characteristics ofwurtzite ZnO. Computer Physics Communications,175:7, 482-486 (Oct. 2006).

Hossain, T., MacLaren, S., Engel, J., Liu, C., Adesida, I.,and Okojie, R. The fabrication of suspendedmicromechanical structures from bulk 6H-SiC usingan ICP-RIE system. Journal of Micromechanics andMicroengineering, 16:4, 751-756 (Apr. 2006).

Kim, J., Matagne, P., Leburton, J., Martin, R.,Hatano, T., and Tarucha, S. Engineering quantumconfinement and orbital couplings in laterally coupledvertical quantum dots for spintronic applications. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 5:4, 343-349 (Jul.2006).

Kim, J., Melnikov, D., Leburton, J., Austing, D., andTarucha, S. Spin charging sequences in three colinearlaterally coupled vertical quantum dots - art. no.035307. Physical Review B, 7403:3, 5307 (Jul. 2006).

Kuroda, M. and Leburton, J. Joule heating inducednegative differential resistance in freestanding metalliccarbon nanotubes - art. no. 103102. Applied PhysicsLetters, 89:10, 3102 (Sep. 2006).

Li, Y., Ravaioli, U., and Rotkin, S. Metal-semiconductortransition and Fermi velocity renormalization inmetallic carbon nanotubes - art. no. 035415. PhysicalReview B, 7303:3, 5415 (Jan. 2006).

Lyeo, H., Cahill, D., Lee, B., Abelson, J., Kwon, M.,Kim, K., Bishop, S., and Cheong, B. Thermalconductivity of phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 -art. no. 151904. Applied Physics Letters, 89:15, 51904(Oct. 2006).

Melnikov, D. and Leburton, J. Dimensionality effects inthe two-electron system in circular and ellipticquantum dots - art. no. 085320. Physical Review B,7308:8, 5320 (Feb. 2006).

Melnikov, D. and Leburton, J. Single-particle statemixing in two-electron double quantum dots - art. no.155301. Physical Review B, 7315:15, 5301 (Apr. 2006).

Melnikov, D., Leburton, J., Taha, A., and Sobh, N. Coulomb localization and exchange modulation in two-electron coupled quantum dots - art. no. 041309. Physical Review B, 7404:4, 1309 (Jul. 2006).

Robinson, S., Kline, J., Wheelwright, H., Tucker, J.,Yang, C., Du, R., Volland, B., Rangelow, I., and Shen, T. Electron transport in laterally confined phosphorusdelta layers in silicon - art. no. 153311. Physical ReviewB, 7415:15, 3311 (Oct. 2006).

Tehranchi, F., Leburton, J., and Thean, A. A double gatemetal-oxide-semiconductor structure for modulationof the hyperfine interaction in phosphorous-doped Sidevice - art. no. 126106. Journal of Applied Physics,100:12, 26106 (Dec. 2006).

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van der Straaten, T., Kathawala, G., and Ravaioli, U. Device engineering approaches to the simulation ofcharge transport in biological ion channels. Journal ofComputational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 3:1, 42-62(Feb. 2006).

Zhang, L., Melnikov, D., and Leburton, J. Exchangeinteraction and stability diagram of coupled quantumdots in magnetic fields - art. no. 205306. Physical ReviewB, 7420:20, 5306 (Nov. 2006).

Signal and Image ProcessingChen, K., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., Cohen, A., Borys, S.,Kim, S., Cole, J., and Choi, J. Prosody dependent speechrecognition on radio news corpus of American English. IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and LanguageProcessing, 14:1, 232-245 (Jan. 2006).

Chen, T., Yin, W., Zhou, X., Comaniciu, D., andHuang, T. Total variation models for variable lightingface recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysisand Machine Intelligence, 28:9, 1519-1524 (Sep. 2006).

Chen, Y., Rui, Y., and Huang, T. Multicue HMM-UKFfor real-time contour tracking. IEEE Transactions onPattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 28:9,1525-1529 (Sep. 2006).

Da Cunha, A., Zhou, J., and Do, M. The nonsubsampledcontourlet transform: Theory, design, andapplications. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing,15:10, 3089-3101 (Oct. 2006).

Huang, Y., Pollak, I., Bouman, C., and Do, M. Best basissearch in lapped dictionaries. IEEE Transactions onSignal Processing, 54:2, 651-664 (Feb. 2006).

Huang, Y., Pollak, I., Do, M., and Bouman, C. Fast searchfor best representations in multitree dictionaries. IEEETransactions of Image Processing, 15:7, 1779-1793 (Jul.2006).

Jana, S. and Moulin, P. Optimality of KLT for high-ratetransform coding of Gaussian vector-scale mixtures:Application to reconstruction, estimation, andclassification. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,52:9, 4049-4067 (Sep. 2006).

Lam, C. and Singer, A. Bayesian beamforming for DOAuncertainty: Theory and implementation. IEEETransactions on Signal Processing, 54:11, 4435-4445(Nov. 2006).

Liu, T., Moulin, P., and Koetter, R. On error exponentsof module lattice additive noise channels. IEEETransactions on Information Theory, 52:2, 454-471 (Feb.2006).

Lockwood, M. and Jones, D. Beamformer performancewith acoustic vector sensors in air. Journal of theAcoustical Society of America, 119:1, 608-619 (Jan. 2006).

Melendez, K., Jones, D., and Feng, A. Classification ofcommunication signals of the little brown bat. Journalof the Acoustical Society of America, 120:2, 1095-1102(Aug. 2006).

Pandya, S., Yang, Y., Jones, D., Engel, J., and Liu, C. Multisensor processing algorithms for underwaterdipole localization and tracking using MEMS artificiallateral-line sensors - art. no. 76593. Eurasip Journal onApplied Signal Processing, 2006:Special Issue SI, 76593(Jul. 2006).

Po, D. and Do, M. Directional multiscale modeling ofimages using the contourlet transform. IEEETransactions of Image Processing, 15:6, 1610-1620 (Jun.2006).

Riggin, D., Liu, H., Lieberman, R., Roble, R., Russell, J.,Mertens, C., Mlynczak, M., Pancheva, D., Franke, S.,Murayama, Y., Manson, A., Meek, C., and Vincent, R. Observations of the 5-day wave in the mesosphere andlower thermosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 68:3-5, 323-339 (Feb. 2006).

Wu, Q., Killeen, T., Ortland, D., Solomon, S.,Gablehouse, R., Johnson, R., Skinner, W.,Niciejewski, R., and Franke, S. TIMED Dopplerinterferometer (TIDI) observations of migratingdiurnal and semidiurnal tides. Journal of Atmosphericand Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 68:3-5, 408-417 (Feb.2006).

Xu, D. and Do, M. On the number of rectangular tilings. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, 15:10,3225-3230 (Oct. 2006).

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Ye, J., Moulin, P., and Bresler, Y. Asymptotic globalconfidence regions for 3-D parametric shape estimationin inverse problems. IEEE Transactions of ImageProcessing, 15:10, 2904-2919 (Oct. 2006).

Yuan, W., Nahrstedt, K., Adve, S., Jones, D., andKravets, R. GRACE-1: Cross-layer adaptation formultimedia quality and battery energy. IEEETransactions on Mobile Computing, 5:7, 799-815 (Jul.2006).

Zhang, T., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., and Levinson, S. Cognitive state classification in a spoken tutorialdialogue system. Speech Communication, 48:6,616-632 (Jun. 2006).

Zhang, X., Liu, Y., and Huang, T. Motion analysis ofarticulated objects from monocular images. IEEETransactions on Pattern Analysis and MachineIntelligence, 28:4, 625-636 (Apr. 2006).

Zhou, J. and Do, M. Multidimensional multichannelfinite impulse response (FIR) deconvolution usingGrobner bases. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing,15:10, 2998-3007 (Oct. 2006).

Zhou, J., Do, M., and Kovacevic, J. Special paraunitarymatrices, Cayley transform, and multidimensionalorthogonal filter banks. IEEE Transactions of ImageProcessing, 15:2, 511-519 (Feb. 2006).

Solid State DevicesDixon, F., Chan, R., Walter, G., Holonyak, N., Feng, M.,Zhang, X., Ryou, J., and Dupuis, R. Visible spectrumlight-emitting transistors - art. no. 012108. AppliedPhysics Letters, 88:1, 12108 (Jan. 2006).

Holonyak, N. and Feng, M. The transistor laser. IEEESpectrum, 43:2, 50-55 (Feb. 2006).

Walter, G., James, A., Holonyak, N., Feng, M., andChan, R. Collector breakdown in the heterojunctionbipolar transistor laser - art. no. 232105. AppliedPhysics Letters, 88:23, 32105 (Jun. 2006).

Systems and ControlJiang, S. and Voulgaris, P. G. Design of distributedcontrollers with constrained and noisy links. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control,16, 891-912 (Dec. 2006).

Thin Films and Charged ParticlesKim, S. and Adesida, I. 0.15-mu m-gate InAlAs/InGaAs/InP E-HEMTs utilizing Ir/Ti/Pt/Au gate structure. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 27:11, 873-876 (Nov.2006).

Book ChaptersControl SystemsFarhood, M. and Dullerud, G. E. Model reduction ofstrongly stable NLPV systems. In Control of UncertainSystems: Modeling, Approximation, and Design, LectureNotes in Control and Information Sciences. SpringerPublishing Company, New York, NY (2006).

Operating Systems and SecurityDavid, F. M., Carlyle, J. C., Chan, E. M., Raila, D. K.,and Campbell R. H. Exception handling in the choicesoperating system. In Lecture Notes in ComputerScience, pp. 42-61. (Dony, J. L. K. C., Romanovsky, A.,and Tripathi, A., eds.) Springer-Verlag, New York, NY(2006).

David, F. M., Carlyle, J. C., Chan, E. M., Raila, D. K.,and Campbell R. H. Exception handling in the choicesoperating system. In Lecture Notes in ComputerScience, pp. 42-61. (Dony, J. L. K. C., Romanovsky, A.,and Tripathi, A., eds.) Springer-Verlag, New York, NY(2006).

Weiler, A., Naisbitt, J., and Campbell R. H. Clicky: inputin pervasive systems. In Lecture Notes in ComputerScience, pp. 42-61. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY(2006).

Weiler, A., Naisbitt, J., and Campbell R. H. Clicky: inputin pervasive systems. In Lecture Notes in ComputerScience, pp. 42-61. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY(2006).

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Papers Presented atConferences andSymposiaLee, B.-S., Xiao, Y., Bishop, S. G., Abelson, J. R.,Raoux, S., Deline, V. R., Kwon, M.-H., Kim, K.-B.,Cheong, B.-K., Li, H., and Taylor, C. P. Photo-oxidationand the absence of photodarkening in Ge2Sb 2Te5 phasechange material. Spring 2006 Meeting of the MaterialsResearch Society (San Francisco, CA, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the Spring 2006 Meeting of the MaterialsResearch Society 113-118 (2006).

Lee, B.-S., Xioa, Y., Bishop, S. G., Abelson, J. R.,Raoux, S., Deline, V. R., Kwon, M.-H., Kim, K.-B.,Cheong, B.-K., Li, H., and Taylor, C. P. Photo-oxidationand the absence of photodarkening in Ge2Sb2Te5phase change material. Chalcogenide Alloys forReconfigurable Electronics. Symposium (San Francisco,CA, Apr. 2006) 113-118.

Advanced AutomationAhuja, N. and Briassouli, A. Joint spatial and frequencydomain motion analysis. 7th International Conference onAutomatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Southampton,UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7th InternationalConference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition203-208 (2006).

Arora, H. and Ahuja, N. Analysis of ramp discontinuitymodel for multiscale image segmentation. 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition (HongKong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition 99-103(2006).

Briassouli, A. and Ahuja, N. Estimation of multipleperiodic motions from video. 9th European Conferenceon Computer Vision (Graz, Austria, May 2006).Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on ComputerVision 147-159 (2006).

Briassouli, A. and Ahuja, N. Spatial and Fourier errorminimization for motion estimation and segmentation. 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition(Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition 94-97(2006).

Chunyu, G. and Ahuja, N. A refractive camera foracquiring stereo and super-resolution images. 2006IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Visionand Pattern Recognition (New York, NY, Jun. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition2316-2323 (2006).

Lai, Y.-C., Ahuja, N., Barkan, C., Drapa, J., Hart, J., andMilhon, L. A computer vision system for monitoringthe energy efficiency of intermodal trains. 2006 JointRail Conference (Atlanta, GA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 Joint Rail Conference 295-304 (2006).

Lin, R., Liu, C., Yang, M., Ahuja, N., and Levinson, S. Learning nonlinear manifolds from time series. 9thEuropean Conference on Computer Vision (Graz, Austria,May 2006). Proceedings of the 9th European Conferenceon Computer Vision 245-256 (2006).

Liu, C., Lin, R., Yang, M., Ahuja, N., and Levinson, S. Object tracking using globally coordinated nonlinearmanifolds. 18th International Conference on PatternRecognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedingsof the 18th International Conference on PatternRecognition 844-847 (2006).

Todorovic, S. and Ahuja, N. 3D texture classificationusing the belief net of a segmentation tree. 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition (HongKong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition 33-36(2006).

Todorovic, S. and Ahuja, N. Extracting subimages of anunknown category from a set of images. 2006 IEEEComputer Society Conference on Computer Vision andPattern Recognition (New York, NY, Jun. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition927-934 (2006).

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Advanced Processing and CircuitsChen, G., Kumar, V., Schwindt, R., and Adesida, I. Areliable low gate bias model extraction procedure forAlGaN/GaN HEMTs. 2006 IEEE Microwave Theory andTechniques Society International Microwave Symposium(San Francisco, CA, Jun. 2006) 4 (2006).

Zhao, W., Jin, N., Chen, G., Kumar, V., and Adesida, I. Process development for the realization of thermallyreliable enhancement-mode InAlAs/InGaAs/InPHEMTs with excellent DC and RF performance. Device Research Conference (University Park, PA, Jun.2006). Proceedings of the Device Research Conference91-92 (2006).

Artificial Intelligence: MachineLearning, Vision, and RoboticsDejong, G. Toward robust real-world inference: A newperspective on explanation-based learning. 17thEuropean Conference on Machine Learning (Berlin,Germany, Sep. 2006). Lecture Notes in Computer Science(including subseries Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 102-113(2006).

Dejong, G. Toward robust real-world inference: A newperspective on explanation-based learning. 17thEuropean Conference on Machine Learning (Berlin,Germany, Sep. 2006). Lecture Notes in Computer Science(including subseries Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 102-113(2006).

Epshteyn, A. and DeJong, G. Qualitative reinforcementlearning. 23rd International Conference on MachineLearning (Pittsburgh, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the23rd International Conference on Machine Learning305-312 (2006).

Epshteyn, A. and DeJong, G. Qualitative reinforcementlearning. 23rd International Conference on MachineLearning (Pittsburgh, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the23rd International Conference on Machine Learning305-312 (2006).

Levine, G. and DeJong, G. Explanation-basedacquisition of planning operators. 16th InternationalConference on Automated Planning and Scheduling(Cumbria, UK, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of theInternational Conference on Automated Planning andScheduling 152-161 (2006).

Levine, G. and DeJong, G. Explanation-basedacquisition of planning operators. 16th InternationalConference on Automated Planning and Scheduling(Cumbria, UK, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of theInternational Conference on Automated Planning andScheduling 152-161 (2006).

Sun, Q., Wang, L.-L., and DeJong, G. Explanation-basedlearning for image understanding. 21st NationalConference on Artificial Intelligence and the 18thInnovative Applications of Artificial IntelligenceConference (Boston, MA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of theNational Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1679-1682(2006).

Sun, Q., Wang, L.-L., and DeJong, G. Explanation-basedlearning for image understanding. 21st NationalConference on Artificial Intelligence and the 18thInnovative Applications of Artificial IntelligenceConference (Boston, MA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of theNational Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1679-1682(2006).

Automotive SystemsAlleyne, A., Ferreira, P. M., Bristow, D.,Mukhopadhyay, D., Barton, K., Hoelzle, D., Lewis, J.,Gratson, G., Duoss, E., and Li, Q. Advanced microscalerobotic deposition. National Science Foundation Design,Service, and Manufacturing Grantees and ResearchConference (St. Louis, MO, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of theNational Science Foundation Design, Service, andManufacturing Grantees and Research Conference (2006).

Barton, K. and Alleyne, A. Cross-coupled iterativelearning control for manufacturing applications:Design and implementation. American Society ofMechanical Engineers International MechanicalEngineering Congress and Exposition (Chicago, IL, Nov.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Society ofMechanical Engineers International MechanicalEngineering Congress and Exposition IMECE2006-15024(2006).

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Eldredge, B., Rasmussen, B., and Alleyne, A. Automotivevapor compression cycles: Validation of controloriented models. Society of Automotive Engineers WorldCongress (Detroit, MI, Mar. 2006). Proceedings of theSociety of Automotive Engineers World Congress HX-57(2006).

Hencey, B. and Alleyne, A. A static anti-windupcompensator design technique for robust regional poleplacement. 2006 American Society of MechanicalEngineers International Mechanical Engineering Congressand Exposition (Chicago, IL, Nov. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 American Society of Mechanical EngineersInternational Mechanical Engineering Congress andExposition 146-153 (2006).

Kawka, P. A. and Alleyne, A. G. Stability andperformance of packet-based feedback control over aMarkov channel. American Control Conference(Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of theAmerican Control Conference 2807-2812 (2006).

Keir, M. and Alleyne, A. G. Dynamic model-based faultdetection and diagnosis residual considerations forvapor compression systems. American ControlConference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe American Control Conference 4412-4417 (2006).

Keir, M., Rasmussen, B., and Alleyne, A. Improvingenergy efficiency in automotive vapor compressioncycles through advanced control design. Society ofAutomotive Engineers World Congress (Detroit, MI, Mar.2006). Proceedings of the Society of AutomotiveEngineers World Congress SAE 06HX-58 (2006).

Montgomery, A. and Alleyne, A. Optimizing theefficiency of electro-hydraulic powertrains. AmericanSociety of Mechanical Engineers International MechanicalEngineering Congress and Exposition (Chicago, IL, Nov.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American Society ofMechanical Engineers International MechanicalEngineering Congress and Exposition 16008 (2006).

Rasmussen, B. and Alleyne, A. Gain scheduled controlof an air conditioning system using the Youlaparameterization. American Control Conference(Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of theAmerican Control Conference 5336-5341 (2006).

CircuitsBhatia, K., Kim, K., Chuang, C., Rosenbaum, E.,Plouchart, J.-O., and Floyd, B. Double-gate field effecttransistor (FET) technology for radio frequencyapplications: Device characteristics and low noiseamplifier design. 2006 IEEE International Silicon-on-Insulator Conference (Niagara Falls, NY, Oct. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Silicon-on-Insulator Conference 757-766 (2006).

Chen, D., Cong, J., Fan, Y., and Xu, J. Optimality studyof resource binding with multi-Vdds. 2006 DesignAutomation Conference (San Francisco, CA, Jul. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 Design Automation Conference580-585 (2006).

Chen, V., Salman, A., Beebe, S., Rosenbaum, E.,Mitra, S., Putnam, C., and Gauthier, R. SOI poly-defineddiode for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection inhigh speed I/Os. 44th Annual IEEE InternationalReliability Physics Symposium (San Jose, CA, Mar. 2006).Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE InternationalReliability Physics Symposium 2 (2006).

Cheng, L., Deng, L., Chen, D., and Wong, M. A fastsimultaneous input vector generation and gatereplacement algorithm for leakage power reduction. 2006 Design Automation Conference (San Francisco, CA,Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Design AutomationConference 117-120 (2006).

Deng, L. and Wong, M. An exact algorithm for thestatistical shortest path problem. 2006 Asia and SouthPacific Design Automation Conference (Yokohama,Japan, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Asia and SouthPacific Design Automation Conference 965-970 (2006).

Di Sarro, J., Chatty, K., Gauthier, R., and Rosenbaum, E. Study of design factors affecting turn-on time of siliconcontrolled rectifiers (SCRs) in 90- and 65-nm bulkCMOS technologies. 44th Annual IEEE InternationalReliability Physics Symposium (San Jose, CA, Mar. 2006).Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE InternationalReliability Physics Symposium 6 (2006).

Varatkar, G. and Shanbhag, N. Energy-efficient motionestimation using error-tolerance. 2006 InternationalSymposium on Low Power Electronics and Design(Tegernsee, Germany, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006International Symposium on Low Power Electronics andDesign 113-118 (2006).

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CommunicationsChen, J. and Veeravalli, V. Capacity results for block-stationary Gaussian fading channels. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle,WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory 699-703(2006).

Jana, S. and Blahut, R. Insight into source/channelduality and more based on an intuitive covering/packing lemma. 2006 IEEE International Symposium onInformation Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedingsof the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on InformationTheory 2329-2333 (2006).

Jovicic, A. and Viswanath, P. Cognitive radio: Aninformation-theoretic perspective. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle,WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory2413-2417 (2006).

Kesal, M., Mallik, S., and Koetter, R. Iterativealgorithms for finding the stationary points of the dirtytape problem. 2006 IEEE International Symposium onInformation Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedingsof the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on InformationTheory 749-753 (2006).

Kiyavash, N. and Blahut, R. On capacity of a constrainedtwo-dimensional channel in presence of violations. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on InformationTheory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory2423-2427 (2006).

Koetter, R. On optimal weight assignments formultivariate interpolation list-decoding. 2006 IEEEInformation Theory Workshop (Punta del Este, Uruguay,Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE InformationTheory Workshop 37-41 (2006).

Liu, T. and Viswanath, P. An extremal inequalitymotivated by multiterminal information theoreticproblems. 2006 IEEE International Symposium onInformation Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedingsof the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on InformationTheory 1016-1020 (2006).

Poon, A. An energy-efficient reconfigurable basebandprocessor for flexible radios. 2006 IEEE Workshop onSignal Processing Systems Design and Implementation(Banff, AB, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEWorkshop on Signal Processing Systems Design andImplementation 393-398 (2006).

Ratnakar, N., Traskov, D., and Koetter, R. Approaches tonetwork coding for multiple unicasts. 2006 IEEEInternational Zurich Seminar on Digital Communications(Zurich, Switzerland, Feb. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006IEEE International Zurich Seminar on DigitalCommunications 70-73 (2006).

Sethuraman, V. and Hajek, B. Low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) capacity of fading channels with peak andaverage power constraints. 2006 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Information Theory 689-693 (2006).

Tang, X. and Koetter, R. A novel method for combiningalgebraic decoding and iterative processing. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle,WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory 474-478(2006).

Traskov, D., Ratnakar, N., Lun, D., Koetter, R., andMedard, M. Network coding for multiple unicasts: Anapproach based on linear optimization. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle,WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory1758-1762 (2006).

Veeravalli, V. and Fuemmeler, J. Efficient tracking in anetwork of sleepy sensors. 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing(Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing 1145-1148 (2006).

Wagner, A., Tavildar, S., and Viswanath, P. Rate regionof the quadratic Gaussian two-encoder source-codingproblem. 2006 IEEE International Symposium onInformation Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedingsof the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on InformationTheory 1404-1408 (2006).

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Wagner, A., Viswanath, P., and Kulkarni, S. Strongconsistency of the Good-Turing estimator. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle,WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory2526-2530 (2006).

Wang, H. and Viswanath, P. Vector Gaussian multipledescription with individual and central receivers. 2006IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory(Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory1589-1593 (2006).

Ying, L., Srikant, R., and Dullerud, G. Multi-userscheduling in wireless networks with QoS constraints. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on InformationTheory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory2759-2763 (2006).

Zhao, Z. and Blahut, R. Blind and nonblind nonnegativeimpulse response ISI channel demodulation using theRichardson-Lucy algorithm. 2005 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Signal Processing and InformationTechnology (Athens, Greece, Dec. 2005). Proceedings ofthe 2005 IEEE International Symposium on SignalProcessing and Information Technology 445-450 (2006).

Computer Architecture and CompilersBocchino, J., Robert, L., and Adve, V. S. Vector LLVA:A virtual vector instruction set for media processing. 2nd International Conference on Virtual ExecutionEnvironments (Ottawa, ON, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the2nd International Conference on Virtual ExecutionEnvironments 46-56 (2006).

Criswell, J., Monroe, B., and Adve, V. A virtualinstruction set interface for operating system kernels. Workshop on the Interaction Between Operating Systemsand Computer Architecture (Boston, MA, Jul. 2006).

Dhurjati, D. and Adve, V. Backwards-compatible arraybounds checking for C with very low overhead. 8thInternational Conference on Software Engineering(Shanghai, China, May 2006).

Dhurjati, D. and Adve, V. Efficiently detecting alldangling pointer uses in production servers. 2006International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 International Conference on Dependable Systemsand Networks 269-278 (2006).

Dhurjati, D., Kowshik, S., and Adve, V. Enforcing aliasanalysis for weakly typed languages. 2006 Associationof Computing Machinery SIGPLAN Conference onProgramming Language Design and Implementation(Ottawa, ON, Jun. 2006).

Dhurjati, D., Kowshik, S., and Adve, V. SAFECode:Enforcing alias analysis for weakly typed languages. 2006 Association of Computing Machinery SIGPLANConference on Programming Language Design andImplementation (Ottawa, ON, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 Association of Computing Machinery SIGPLANConference on Programming Language Design andImplementation 144-157 (2006).

Longino, J., Loui, M., and Zilles, C. Studentmisconceptions in an introductory digital logic designcourse. 2006 American Society for EngineeringEducation Annual Conference (Chicago, IL, Jun. 2006).

Neelakantam, N., Rajwar, R., Srinivas, S., Srinivasan, U.,and Zilles, C. On the effectiveness of atomic regions forreliable compiler optimization. 34th AnnualInternational Symposium on Computer Architecture (SanDiego, CA, Jun. 2006).

Wang, Q., Shin, W., Liu, X., Zeng, Z., Oh, C.,Alshebli, B. K., Caccamo, M., Gunter, C. A., Gunter, E.,Hou, J., Karahalios, K., and Sha, L. I-Living: An opensystem architecture for assisted living. 2006International Conference on Systems, Man, andCybernetics (Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 2006).

Computer EngineeringBorisov, N. Computational puzzles as Sybil defenses. 6th International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Computing(Cambridge, UK, Sep. 2006).

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Nicol, D., Tsang, R., Ammerlahn, H., and Johnson, M. Sensor fusion algorithms for the detection of nuclearmaterial at border crossings. Sensors, and Command,Control, Communications, and Intelligence Technologiesfor Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V(Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 62011O(2006).

Patel, J., Gupta, I., and Contractor, N. JetStream:Achieving predictable gossip dissemination byleveraging social network principles. 5th IEEEInternational Symposium on Network Computing andApplications (Cambridge, MA, Jul. 2006).

Sat, B. and Wah, B. Analysis and evaluation of the Skypeand Google-Talk VoIP systems. 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Multimedia and Expo (Toronto, ON, Jul.2006).

Tabriz, P. and Borisov, N. Breaking the collusiondetection mechanism of MorphMix. 6th InternationalWorkshop on Privacy-Enhancing Technologies(Cambridge, UK, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 6thInternational Workshop on Privacy-EnhancingTechnologies 368-383 (2006).

Vaidya, N. Multi-channel wireless networks: Capacity,protocols, and experimentation. First InternationalConference of Wireless Algorithms, Systems, andApplications (Xi'an, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of theFirst International Conference of Wireless Algorithms,Systems, and Applications 3-4 (2006).

Wah, B., Chen, Y., and Wan, A. Constrained globaloptimization by constraint partitioning and simulatedannealing. 18th IEEE International Conference on Toolswith Artificial Intelligence (Arlington, VA, Nov. 2006).

Construction ManagementSu, Y. and Liu, L. A case study of monitoringconstruction operations using automated positiontracking system. International Society for Computers andThier Applications 19th International Conference onComputer Applications in Industry and Engineering (LasVegas, NV, Nov. 2006).

Control SystemsDi, Z., Farhood, M., and Dullerud, G. E. Control ofdistributed systems over graphs. 45th Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Conference onDecision and Control (San Diego, CA, Dec. 2006).Proceedings of the 45th Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Conference on Decision and ControlCD-ROM (2006).

Lakshmikantha, A., Srikant, R., and Beck, C. L. Analysisof SIFT-like algorithms via fluid models. 45th IEEEConference on Decision Control (San Diego, CA, Dec.2006). Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference onDecision Control (2006).

Ying, L., Srikant, R., and Dullerud, G. E. Distributedsymmetric function computation in noisy wirelesssensor networks with binary data. InternationalSymposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, AdHoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt) (Boston, MA, Dec.2006). Proceedings of the International Symposium onModeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, andWireless Networks (WiOpt) (2006).

Ying, L., Srikant, R., and Dullerud, G. E. Multi-userscheduling in wireless networks with ZoS constraints. Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle,WA, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers International Symposium onInformation Theory CD-ROM (2006).

Decision and ControlAthanasopoulou, E. and Hadjicostis, C. Decentralizedfailure diagnosis in discrete event systems. 2006American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American ControlConference 5698-5703 (2006).

Athanasopoulou, E., Li, L., and Hadjicostis, C. Probabilistic failure diagnosis in finite state machinesunder unreliable observations. 8th InternationalWorkshop on Discrete Event Systems (Ann Arbor, MI, Jul.2006). Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop onDiscrete Event Systems 301-306 (2006).

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Bajesy, P., Feng, W., and Kumar, P. Relevanceassignment and fusion of multiple learning methodsapplied to remote sensing image analysis. 2nd IEEEInternational Conference on Space Mission Challenges forInformation Technology (Pasadena, CA, Jul. 2006).

Bhattacharya, S. and Hutchinson, S. Controllability andproperties of optimal paths for a differential driverobot with field-of-view constraints. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Robotics and Automation(Orlando, FL, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Robotics and Automation1624-1629 (2006).

Ganguli, A., Cortes, J., and Bullo, F. Distributeddeployment of asynchronous guards in art galleries. 2006 American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN,Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American ControlConference 1416-1421 (2006).

Hokayem, P., Stipanovic, D., and Spong, M. Suboptimalmaster-slave teleoperation control with delays. 2006American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American ControlConference 2028-2033 (2006).

Hong, W., Georgescu, B., Zhou, X., Krishuan, S.,Ma, Y., and Comaniciu, D. Database-guidedsimultaneous multi-slice 3D segmentation forvolumetric data. 9th European Conference on ComputerVision (Graz, Austria, May 2006). Proceedings of the 9thEuropean Conference on Computer Vision 397-409(2006).

Kashyap, A., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Asymptoticallyoptimal quantization for detection in power-constrained decentralized sensor networks. 2006American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American ControlConference 2060-2065 (2006).

Kashyap, A., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Quantizedconsensus. 2006 IEEE International Symposium onInformation Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedingsof the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on InformationTheory 635-639 (2006).

Kumar, P. Toward a third generation of controlsystems. 9th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems:Computation and Control (Santa Barbara, CA, Mar. 2006).Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on HybridSystems: Computation and Control 2 (2006).

Lee, D. and Spong, M. Agreement with non-uniforminformation delays. 2006 American Control Conference(Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006American Control Conference 756-761 (2006).

Lee, D. and Spong, M. Semi-autonomous teleoperationof multiple cooperative robots for human–robot lunarexploration. 2006 Association for the Advancement ofArtificial Intelligence Spring Symposium (Stanford, CA,Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 Association for theAdvancement of Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium87-94 (2006).

Lee, D. and Spong, M. Stable flocking of multipleinertial agents on balanced graphs. 2006 AmericanControl Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 American Control Conference2136-2141 (2006).

Lee, D. snd Spong, M. Passive bilateral teleoperationwith constant time delays. 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Robotics and Automation (Orlando, FL,May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Robotics and Automation 2902-2907(2006).

Lee, D., Martinez-Palafox, O., and Spong, M. Bilateralteleoperation of a wheeled mobile robot over delayedcommunication network. 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Robotics and Automation (Orlando, FL,May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Robotics and Automation 3298-3303(2006).

Liberzon, D. and Nesic, D. Stability analysis of hybridsystems via small-gain theorems. 9th InternationalWorkshop of Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control(Santa Barbara, CA, Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 9thInternational Workshop of Hybrid Systems: Computationand Control 421-435 (2006).

Mastellone, S., Lee, D., and Spong, M. Master-slavesynchronization with switching communicationthrough passive model-based control design. 2006American Control Conference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 American ControlConference 3203-3208 (2006).

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Raghunathan, V. and Kumar, P. A counterexample incongestion control of wireless networks. 8th Symposiumof the Association for Computing Machinery on theModeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless andMobile Systems (Montreal, QC, Oct. 2005). Proceedingsof the 8th Symposium of the Association for ComputingMachinery on the Modeling, Analysis and Simulation ofWireless and Mobile Systems 290-297 (2006).

Rodriguez-Seda, E., Lee, D., and Spong, M. Anexperimental comparison study for bilateral Internet-based teleoperation. 2006 IEEE Conference on ControlApplications, Symposium on Computer-Aided ControlSystems Design, and International Symposium onIntelligent Control (Munich, Germany, Oct. 2006).

Ru, Y. and Hadjicostis, C. State estimation in discreteevent systems modeled by labeled Petri nets. 45th IEEEConference on Decision and Control (San Diego, CA, Dec.2006). Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference onDecision and Control 6 (2006).

Takos, G. and Hadjicostis, C. Nonconcurrent errorcorrection in the presence of roundoff noise. Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision andControl (San Diego, CA, Dec. 2006).

Touri, R., Voulgaris, P., and Hadjicostis, C. Time-varyingpower-limited preprocessing for perfect reconstructionof binary signals. 2006 American Control Conference(Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006American Control Conference 5722-5727 (2006).

Wright, J., Wagner, A., Rao, S., and Ma, Y. Homographyfrom coplanar ellipses with application to forensicblood splatter reconstruction. 2006 IEEE ComputerSociety Conference on Computer Vision and PatternRecognition (New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition 1250-1257 (2006).

Yang, A., Rao, S., and Ma, Y. Robust statisticalestimation and segmentation of multiple subspaces. 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and PatternRecognition Workshops (New York, NY, Jun. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Conference on ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (2006).

Yuksel, S. and Basar, T. On the absence of rate loss indecentralized sensor and controller structure forasymptotic stability. 2006 American Control Conference(Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006American Control Conference 5562-5567 (2006).

Digital Signal and Imaging ProcessingAggarwal, N. and Bresler, Y. Region-of-interest MRI:k-space sampling conditions. 3rd IEEE InternationalSymposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro(Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEEInternational Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano toMacro 41-44 (2006).

Bresler, G. and Hajek, B. Note on mutual informationand orthogonal space-time codes. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory (Seattle,WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory1315-1318 (2006).

George, A. and Bresler, Y. A fast and accuratedecimation-in-angle hierarchical fan-beambackprojection algorithm. 3rd IEEE InternationalSymposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro(Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEEInternational Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano toMacro 1188-1191 (2006).

Haldar, J., Jacob, M., Ebel, A., Zhu, X., Schuff, N.,Hernando, D., Sutton, B., and Liang, Z. Regularizedinversion of noisy, incomplete MR spectroscopicimaging data with anatomical prior. 3rd IEEEInternational Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano toMacro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rdIEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging:Nano to Macro 718-721 (2006).

Hernando, D., Haldar, J., and Liang, Z. Reduced-encoding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usinghigher-order generalized series. 3rd IEEE InternationalSymposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro(Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEEInternational Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano toMacro 29-32 (2006).

Jacob, M., Toronov, V., Bresler, Y., Zhang, X., andWebb, A. Reconstruction of functional activations indiffuse optical imaging. 3rd IEEE InternationalSymposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro(Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEEInternational Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano toMacro 594-597 (2006).

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Sharif, B. and Bresler, Y. Optimal multi-channel time-sequential acquisition in dynamic MRI with parallelcoils. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on BiomedicalImaging: Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium onBiomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro 45-48 (2006).

Xu, D., Ying, L., and Liang, Z. Dynamic magneticresonance imaging (MRI) using spatiotemporalmodeling with phased array coils. 3rd IEEEInternational Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano toMacro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rdIEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging:Nano to Macro 722-725 (2006).

Electromagnetic Communication andElectronics PackagingDeng, Z., Schutt-Aine, J., Tan, J., Kumar, C., andMilosevic, D. Latency insertion method with frequencydependent effect. 1st Electronic System IntegrationTechnology Conference (Dresden, Germany, Sep. 2006) 4\.

ElectromagneticsAlvey, G., Pan, H., and Bernhard, J. Investigation intotechniques for packaging cosite microstrip patchantennas into handheld devices. 2006 IEEEInternational Workshop on Antenna Technology: SmallAntennas and Novel Metamaterials (White Plains, NY,Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE InternationalWorkshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas andNovel Metamaterials 45-48 (2006).

Huff, G., Soldner, N., Palmer, W., and Bernhard, J. Studyof error vector magnitude patterns (EVRP) for atransmit/receive pair of microstrip patch antennas. 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation SocietyInternational Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas and PropagationSociety International Symposium 449-452 (2006).

Manetas, G. and Cangellaris, A. Full-wave modeling ofthe impact of the semiconductor substrate on on-chipelectromagnetic interference and power distributionnetwork performance. 2006 IEEE Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium(Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium 57 (2006).

Wu, H., Rong, A., and Cangellaris, A. Frequency-domainfinite element electrodynamic modeling of lossyinterconnects from DC to multi-GHz frequencies. IEEE15th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance ofElectronic Packaging (Scottsdale, AZ, Oct. 2006).Proceedings of the IEEE 15th Topical Meeting onElectrical Performance of Electronic Packaging 317-320(2006).

Zhang, S. and Bernhard, J. Performance study of areconfigurable microstrip parasitic array (RMPA)phased array. 2006 IEEE Antennas and PropagationSociety International Symposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium 2305-2308(2006).

Zhang, Z. and Bernhard, J. Two-arm Archimedeanspiral with filter-based reactive loading. 2006 IEEEAntennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium (Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006). Proceedingsof the 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation SocietyInternational Symposium 3677-3680 (2006).

High Frequency DevicesWu, B., Chu-Kung, B., Feng, M., and Cheng, K. High-performance GaAsSb/InP double heterojunctionbipolar transistors grown by gas-source molecularbeam epitaxy. 23rd North American Conference onMolecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara, CA, Sep. 2005).Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B(Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures) 1564-1567(2006).

Wu, B.-R., Snodgrass, W., Hafez, W., Feng, M., andCheng, K. Ultra-high speed composition gradedInGaAsSb/GaAsSb DHBTs with fT = 500 GHz grownby gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. 2006International Conference on Indium Phosphide andRelated Materials (Princeton, NJ, May 2006). Proceedingsof the 206 International Conference on Indium Phosphideand Related Materials 89-91 (2006).

NetworkingBin, Y., Cha, Z., Yong, R., and Nahrstedt, K. A three-layer virtual director model for supporting automatedmulti-site distributed education. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Multimedia and Expo(Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).

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Bin, Y., Cha, Z., Yong, R., and Nahrstedt, K. A three-layer virtual director model for supporting automatedmulti-site distributed education. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Multimedia and Expo(Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).

Conner, W., Abdelzaher, T, and Nahrstedt, K. Using dataaggregation to prevent traffic in wireless sensornetworks. 2nd IEEE International Conference onDistributed Computing in Sensor Systems (San Francisco,CA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE InternationalConference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems202-217 (2006).

Conner, W., Abdelzaher, T, and Nahrstedt, K. Using dataaggregation to prevent traffic in wireless sensornetworks. 2nd IEEE International Conference onDistributed Computing in Sensor Systems (San Francisco,CA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE InternationalConference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems202-217 (2006).

Conner, W., Nahrstedt, K., and Gupta, I. Preventing DoSattacks in peer-to-peer media streaming systems. Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006 (San Jose,CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The InternationalSociety for Optical Engineering 60710D (2006).

Conner, W., Nahrstedt, K., and Gupta, I. Preventing DoSattacks in peer-to-peer media streaming systems. Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006 (San Jose,CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The InternationalSociety for Optical Engineering 60710D (2006).

He, W. and Nahrstedt, K. Impact of upper layeradaptation on end-to-end delay management inwireless ad hoc networks. 2006 IEEE Real-Time andEmbedded Technology and Applications Symposium (SanJose, CA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and ApplicationsSymposium 59-68 (2006).

He, W. and Nahrstedt, K. Impact of upper layeradaptation on end-to-end delay management inwireless ad hoc networks. 2006 IEEE Real-Time andEmbedded Technology and Applications Symposium (SanJose, CA, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and ApplicationsSymposium 59-68 (2006).

Jeon, W. and Nahrstedt, K. QoS-aware object replicationin overlay networks. 2006 IEEE GlobalTelecommunications Conference (San Francisco, CA,Nov. 2006).

Jeon, W. and Nahrstedt, K. QoS-aware object replicationin overlay networks. 2006 IEEE GlobalTelecommunications Conference (San Francisco, CA,Nov. 2006).

Jeon, W. J., Gupta, I., and Narhstedt, K. QoS-awareobject replication in overlay networks. 2006 IEEEGlobal Telecommunications Conference (San Francisco,CA, Nov. 2006).

Jeon, W. J., Gupta, I., and Narhstedt, K. QoS-awareobject replication in overlay networks. 2006 IEEEGlobal Telecommunications Conference (San Francisco,CA, Nov. 2006).

Liang, J. and Nahrstedt, K. DagStream: Locality awareand failure resilient peer-to-peer streaming. Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006 (San Jose,CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The InternationalSociety for Optical Engineering 60710L (2006).

Liang, J. and Nahrstedt, K. DagStream: Locality awareand failure resilient peer-to-peer streaming. Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006 (San Jose,CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The InternationalSociety for Optical Engineering 60710L (2006).

Liang, J. and Nahrstedt, K. RandPeer: Membershipmanagement for QoS sensitive peer-to-peerapplications. 2006 IEEE Conference on ComputerCommunications (Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2006).

Liang, J. and Nahrstedt, K. RandPeer: Membershipmanagement for QoS sensitive peer-to-peerapplications. 2006 IEEE Conference on ComputerCommunications (Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2006).

Liang, J., Yu, B., Yang, Z., and Nahrstedt, K. Aframework for future Internet-based TV broadcasting. Workshop on Internet Protocol TV Services over theWorld Wide Web (Edinburg, Scotland, May 2006).

Liang, J., Yu, B., Yang, Z., and Nahrstedt, K. Aframework for future Internet-based TV broadcasting. Workshop on Internet Protocol TV Services over theWorld Wide Web (Edinburg, Scotland, May 2006).

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Treaster, M., Conner, W., Gupta, I., and Nahrstedt, K. ContagAlert: Using contagion theory for adaptive,distributed alert propagation. 5th IEEE InternationalSymposium on Network Computing and Applications(Cambridge, MA, Jul. 2006).

Treaster, M., Conner, W., Gupta, I., and Nahrstedt, K. Using contagion theory for adaptive, distributed alertpropagation. 5th IEEE International Symposium onNetwork Computing and Applications (Cambridge, MA,Jul. 2006).

Treaster, M., Conner, W., Gupta, I., and Nahrstedt, K. Using contagion theory for adaptive, distributed alertpropagation. 5th IEEE International Symposium onNetwork Computing and Applications (Cambridge, MA,Jul. 2006).

Wenbo, H. and Nahrstedt, K. An integrated solution todelay and security support in wireless networks. 2006IEEE Wireless Communications and NetworkingConference (Las Vegas, NV, Apr. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 IEEE Wireless Communications and NetworkingConference 2211-2215 (2006).

Wenbo, H. and Nahrstedt, K. An integrated solution todelay and security support in wireless networks. 2006IEEE Wireless Communications and NetworkingConference (Las Vegas, NV, Apr. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 IEEE Wireless Communications and NetworkingConference 2211-2215 (2006).

Xiao, L. and Nahrstedt, K. Minimum user-interferencerouting in service composition. 2006 IEEE Conferenceon Computer Communications (Barcelona, Spain, Apr.2006).

Xiao, L. and Nahrstedt, K. Minimum user-interferencerouting in service composition. 2006 IEEE Conferenceon Computer Communications (Barcelona, Spain, Apr.2006).

Yang, Z., Nahrstedt, K., Yu, B., and Bajcsy, R. A multi-stream adaptation framework for bandwidthmanagement in 3D teleimmersion. 2006 Association forComputing Machinery Conference on Network andOperating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video(Newport, RI, May 2006).

Yang, Z., Nahrstedt, K., Yu, B., and Bajcsy, R. A multi-stream adaptation framework for bandwidthmanagement in 3D teleimmersion. 2006 Association forComputing Machinery Conference on Network andOperating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video(Newport, RI, May 2006).

Zhenyu, Y., Bin, Y., Wanmin, W., Nahrstedt, K.,Diankov, R., and Bajscy, R. A study of collaborativedancing in tele-immersive environments. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Multimedia (San Diego, CA,Dec. 2006) 8.

Zhenyu, Y., Bin, Y., Wanmin, W., Nahrstedt, K.,Diankov, R., and Bajscy, R. A study of collaborativedancing in tele-immersive environments. 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Multimedia (San Diego, CA,Dec. 2006) 8.

Operating Systems and SecurityAdamczyk, P. D., Chambers, E. W., Campbell, R. H.,Fineberg, J., and Hamilton, K. Contested boundaries:Artifacts and communication in interdisciplinarydesign. Designing Interactive Systems Workshop(Dublin, Ireland, Jul. 2006).

Adamczyk, P. D., Chambers, E. W., Campbell, R. H.,Fineberg, J., and Hamilton, K. Contested boundaries:Artifacts and communication in interdisciplinarydesign. Designing Interactive Systems Workshop(Dublin, Ireland, Jul. 2006).

Afandi, R., Zhang, J., and Gunter, C. A. AMPol-Q:Adaptive middleware policy to support QoS. 4thInternational Conference on Service-Oriented Computing(Chicago, IL, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the 4thInternational Conference on Service-Oriented Computing165-178 (2006).

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Afandi, R., Zhang, J., and Gunter, C. A. AMPol-Q:Adaptive middleware policy to support QoS. 4thInternational Conference on Service-Oriented Computing(Chicago, IL, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the 4thInternational Conference on Service-Oriented Computing165-178 (2006).

Afandi, R., Zhang, J., Hafiz, M., and Gunter, C. AMPol:Adaptive messaging policy. 2006 IEEE EuropeanConference on Web Services (Zürich, Switzerland, Dec.2006).

Afandi, R., Zhang, J., Hafiz, M., and Gunter, C. AMPol:Adaptive messaging policy. 2006 IEEE EuropeanConference on Web Services (Zürich, Switzerland, Dec.2006).

Al-Muhtadi, J., Hill, R., Campbell, R. H., andMickunas, D. Context and location-aware encryptionfor pervasive computing environments. 4th IEEEInternational Conference on Pervasive Computing andCommunications (Pisa, Italy, Mar. 2006).

Al-Muhtadi, J., Hill, R., Campbell, R. H., andMickunas, D. Context and location-aware encryptionfor pervasive computing environments. 4th IEEEInternational Conference on Pervasive Computing andCommunications (Pisa, Italy, Mar. 2006).

Anwar, Z., Wang, J., Yurcik, W., Gupta, I., andCampbell, R. H. SPEEDS: A first step towardenhancing privacy protection in P2P social networkcommunities. 14th International Conference onTelecommunication Systems —Modeling and Analysis(Philadelphia, PA, Oct. 2006).

Anwar, Z., Wang, J., Yurcik, W., Gupta, I., andCampbell, R. H. SPEEDS: A first step towardenhancing privacy protection in P2P social networkcommunities. 14th International Conference onTelecommunication Systems —Modeling and Analysis(Philadelphia, PA, Oct. 2006).

Anwar, Z., Yurcik, W., Johnson, R. E., Hafiz, M., andCampbell, R. H. Multiple design patterns for voice overIP (VoIP) security. 25th IEEE International Performance,Computing, and Communications Conference (Phoenix,AZ, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 25th IEEEInternational Performance, Computing, andCommunications Conference 485-492 (2006).

Anwar, Z., Yurcik, W., Johnson, R. E., Hafiz, M., andCampbell, R. H. Multiple design patterns for voice overIP (VoIP) security. 25th IEEE International Performance,Computing, and Communications Conference (Phoenix,AZ, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 25th IEEEInternational Performance, Computing, andCommunications Conference 485-492 (2006).

Baliga, G., Graham, S., Gunter, C. A., and Kumar, P. R. Reducing risk by managing software-related failures innetworked control systems. 2006 IEEE Conference onDecision and Control (San Diego, CA, Dec. 2006).

Baliga, G., Graham, S., Gunter, C. A., and Kumar, P. R. Reducing risk by managing software-related failures innetworked control systems. 2006 IEEE Conference onDecision and Control (San Diego, CA, Dec. 2006).

Bobba, R., Fatemieh, O., Khan, F., Gunter, C. A.,Khurana, H., and Gunter, E. Using attribute-based accesscontrol to enable attribute-based messaging. 22ndComputer Security Applications Conference (MiamiBeach, FL, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the 22nd ComputerSecurity Applications Conference (2006).

Bobba, R., Fatemieh, O., Khan, F., Gunter, C. A.,Khurana, H., and Gunter, E. Using attribute-based accesscontrol to enable attribute-based messaging. 22ndComputer Security Applications Conference (MiamiBeach, FL, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the 22nd ComputerSecurity Applications Conference (2006).

Boyer, J. P., Tan, K., and Gunter, C. Privacy-sensitivelocation information systems in smart buildings. 3rdInternational Conference on Security in PervasiveComputing (York, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rdInternational Conference on Security in PervasiveComputing 149-164 (2006).

Boyer, J. P., Tan, K., and Gunter, C. Privacy-sensitivelocation information systems in smart buildings. 3rdInternational Conference on Security in PervasiveComputing (York, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rdInternational Conference on Security in PervasiveComputing 149-164 (2006).

Chetan, S., Talwar, V., Iyer, S., Chen, Y., Milojicic, D.,and Campbell, R. H. Specification-enhanced policies forautomated management of changes in IT systems. 20thLarge Installation System Administration Conference(Washington, DC, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the 20thLarge Installation System Administration Conference103-118 (2006).

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Hester, J., Yurcik, W., and Campbell, R. H. Animplementation-independent threat model for groupcommunications. Data Mining, Intrusion Detection,Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2006(Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 62410M(2006).

Hester, J., Yurcik, W., and Campbell, R. H. Animplementation-independent threat model for groupcommunications. Data Mining, Intrusion Detection,Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2006(Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 62410M(2006).

Hester, J., Yurcik, W., and Campbell, R. H. A survey andcomparison of distributed systems for groupcommunications suitable for network-centric warfare. Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems(Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 62490T(2006).

Hester, J., Yurcik, W., and Campbell, R. H. A survey andcomparison of distributed systems for groupcommunications suitable for network-centric warfare. Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems(Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 62490T(2006).

Lee, A. J., Boyer, J. P., Olson, L. E., and Gunter, C. A. Defeasible security policy composition for webservices. Association for Computing MachineryConference on Formal Methods in Software Engineering(Fairfax, VA, Nov. 2006).

Lee, A. J., Boyer, J. P., Olson, L. E., and Gunter, C. A. Defeasible security policy composition for webservices. Association for Computing MachineryConference on Formal Methods in Software Engineering(Fairfax, VA, Nov. 2006).

May, M. J., Gunter, C. A., and Lee, I. Privacy APIs:Access control techniques to analyze and verify legalprivacy policies. IEEE Computer Security FoundationsWorkshop (Venice, Italy, Jul. 2006).

May, M. J., Gunter, C. A., and Lee, I. Privacy APIs:Access control techniques to analyze and verify legalprivacy policies. IEEE Computer Security FoundationsWorkshop (Venice, Italy, Jul. 2006).

May, M. J., Shin, W., Gunter, C. A., and Lee, I. Securingthe drop-box architecture for assisted living. Association for Computing Machinery Conference onFormal Methods in Software Engineering (Fairfax, VA,Nov. 2006).

May, M. J., Shin, W., Gunter, C. A., and Lee, I. Securingthe drop-box architecture for assisted living. Association for Computing Machinery Conference onFormal Methods in Software Engineering (Fairfax, VA,Nov. 2006).

Shankar, C. and Campbell, R. H. Managing pervasivesystems using role-based obligation policies. 4th IEEEInternational Conference on Pervasive Computing andCommunications (Pisa, Italy, Mar. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 4th IEEE International Conference on PervasiveComputing and Communications 373-377 (2006).

Shankar, C. and Campbell, R. H. Managing pervasivesystems using role-based obligation policies. 4th IEEEInternational Conference on Pervasive Computing andCommunications (Pisa, Italy, Mar. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 4th IEEE International Conference on PervasiveComputing and Communications 373-377 (2006).

Shankar, C. and Campbell, R. H. Ordering managementactions in pervasive systems using specification-enhanced policies. 4th IEEE International Conference onPervasive Computing and Communications (Pisa, Italy,Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 44th IEEE InternationalConference on Pervasive Computing and Communications234-238 (2006).

Shankar, C. and Campbell, R. H. Ordering managementactions in pervasive systems using specification-enhanced policies. 4th IEEE International Conference onPervasive Computing and Communications (Pisa, Italy,Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 44th IEEE InternationalConference on Pervasive Computing and Communications234-238 (2006).

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Power and Energy SystemsChen, Y., Kimball, J., and Krein, P. Non-unity active PFCmethods for filter size optimization. 21st Annual IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(Dallas, TX, Mar. 2006). Proceedings of the 21st IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition268-272 (2006).

Kwasinski, A. and Krein, P. Optimal configurationanalysis of a microgrid-based telecom power system. 28th International Telecommunications EnergyConference (Providence, RI, Sep. 2006).

Kwasinski, A., Weaver, W., Chapman, P., and Krein, P. Telecommunications power plant damage assessmentcaused by Hurricane Katrina-site survey and follow-upresults. 28th International Telecommunications EnergyConference (Providence, RI, Sep. 2006).

Weaver, W. and Krein, P. Implementing power bufferfunctionality in a DC-DC converter by geometriccontrol. 41st IEEE Industry Applications AnnualConference (Tampa, FL, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the41st IEEE Industry Applications Annual Conference, Vol.5 (2006).

Programming Languages, FormalSystems, and Software EngineeringAgha, G. Computational models, programminglanguages and algorithms for sensor networks:Towards a paradigm shift in computer science. 2006IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks,Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (Taichung,Taiwan, Jun. 2006) 2-5 (2006).

Koushik S. and Agha, G. CUTE and jCUTE: Concolicunit testing and explicit path model-checking tools. 18th International Conference on Computer-AidedVerification (Seattle, WA, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the18th International Conference on Computer-AidedVerification 419-423 (2006).

Kwon, Y. M. and Agha, G. Scalable modeling andperformance evaluation of wireless sensor networks. 12th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology andApplications Symposium (San Jose, CA, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Real-Time and EmbeddedTechnology and Applications Symposium 49-58 (2006).

Kwon, Y., Sundresh, S., Mechitov, K., and Agha, G. ActorNet: An actor platform for wireless sensornetworks. 5th International Joint Conference onAutonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (Hakodate,Japan, May 2006).

Liping C. and Agha, G. State-aware data disseminationover structured overlays. 6th IEEE InternationalConference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (Cambridge, UK,Sep. 2006). Proceedings of the 6th IEEE InternationalConference on Peer-to-Peer Computing 145-152 (2006).

Po-Hao C., and Agha, G. Supporting reconfigurableobject distribution for customizable Web applications. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems (Montpellier,France, Oct. 2006). Lecture Notes in Computer Science(including subseries Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 32-33(2006).

Sen, K. and Agha, G. Automated systematic testing ofopen distributed programs. 9th International Conferenceon Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering(Vienna, Austria, Mar. 2006). Lecture Notes in ComputerScience (including subseries Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 339-356(2006).

Sen, K. and Viswanathan, M. Model checkingmultithreaded programs with asynchronous atomicmethods. 18th International Conference on ComputerAided Verification (Seattle, WA, Aug. 2006). LectureNotes in Computer Science (including subseries LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes inBioinformatics) 300-314 (2006).

Sen, K., Vardhan, A., Agha, G., and Rosu, G. Decentralized runtime analysis of multithreadedapplications. 20th International Parallel and DistributedProcessing Symposium (Rhodes Island, Greece, Apr.2006). Proceedings of the 20th International Parallel andDistributed Processing Symposium (2006).

Real-Time and Embedded SystemsChang, P.-H. and Agha, G. Supporting reconfigurableobject distribution for customizable Web applications. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems (Montpellier,France, Oct. 2006). Lecture Notes in Computer Science(including subseries Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 32-33(2006).

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Crenshaw, T. L., Robinson, C. L., Ding, H.,Kumar, P. R., and Sha, L. A pattern for adaptivebehavior in safety-critical, real-time middleware. 27thIEEE 27th Real-Time Systems Symposium (Rio deJaneiro, Brazil, Dec. 2006). Proceedings of the 27th IEEE27th Real-Time Systems Symposium (2006).

Gopalakrishnan, S., Caccamo, M., and Sha, L. Switchscheduling and network design for real-time systems. 2006 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology andApplications Symposium (San Jose, CA, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Real-Time and EmbeddedTechnology and Applications Symposium 289-300(2006).

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingBasile, C., Gupta, M., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. Anapproach for detecting and distinguishing errorsversus attacks in sensor networks. 2006 InternationalConference on Dependable Systems and Networks(Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006).

Courtney, T., Gaonkar, S., Griffith, M., Lam, V.,McQuinn, M., Rozier, E., and Sanders, W. Data analysisand visualization within the Mobius modelingenvironment. 3rd International Conference on theQuantitative Evaluation of Systems (Riverside, CA, Sep.2006). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference onthe Quantitative Evaluation of Systems 137-138 (2006).

Gaonkar, S., Keeton, K., Merchant, A., and Sanders, W. Designing dependable storage solutions for sharedapplication environments. 2006 InternationalConference on Dependable Systems and Networks(Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks 371-380 (2006).

Ihde, M. and Sanders, W. Barbarians in the gate: Anexperimental validation of NIC-based distributedfirewall performance and flood tolerance. 2006International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 International Conference on Dependable Systemsand Networks 209-214 (2006).

Iyer, R. Application-aware reliability and security: Thetrusted ILLIAC approach. 5th IEEE InternationalSymposium on Network Computing and Applications(Cambridge, MA, Jul. 2006).

Joshi, K., Hiltunen, M., Sanders, W., and Schlichting, R. Automatic recovery using bounded partiallyobservable Markov decision processes. 2006International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks 445-454 (2006).

Joshi, K., Hiltunen, M., Sanders, W., and Schlichting, R. Automatic recovery using bounded, partiallyobservable Markov decision processes. 2006International Conference on Dependable Systems andNetworks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006).

Lam, V., Buchholz, P., and Sanders, W. A component-level path composition approach for efficient transientanalysis of large CTMCs. 2006 International Conferenceon Dependable Systems and Networks (Philadelphia, PA,Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 206 InternationalConference on Dependable Systems and Networks485-494 (2006).

Obal, W., McQuinn, M., and Sanders, W. Detecting andexploiting symmetry in discrete-state Markov models. 2006 IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium onDependable Computing (Riverside, CA, Dec. 2006).

Pattabiraman, K., Saggese, G., Chen, D., Kalbarczyk, Z.,and Iyer, R. Dynamic derivation of application-specificerror detectors and their implementation in hardware. 6th European Dependable Computing Conference(Coimbra, Portugal, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the 6thEuropean Dependable Computing Conference (2006).

Stone, S., Woley, K., and Frank, M. Address-indexedmemory disambiguation and store-to-load forwarding. 38th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium onMicroarchitecture (Barcelona, Spain, Nov. 2005).Proceedings of the 38th Annual IEEE/ACM InternationalSymposium on Microarchitecture 12 (2006).

Wang, L., Kalbarczyk, Z., Gu, W., and Iyer, R. An OS-level framework for providing application-awarereliability. 2006 IEEE Pacific Rim InternationalSymposium on Dependable Computing (Riverside, CA,Dec. 2006).

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Remote SensingKamalabadi, F. and Sharif, B. Robust regularizedtomographic imaging with convex projections. 2005International Conference on Image Processing (Genova,Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 InternationalConference on Image Processing, Vol. II, 205-208 (2006).

Ralston, T., Atkinson, I., Kamalabadi, F., and Boppart, S. Multi-dimensional denoising of real-time OCT imagingdata. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing (Toulouse, France, May2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing,Vol. II, 1148-1151 (2006).

Sharif, B. and Kamalabadi, F. Optimal sensorconfiguration in remote image formation. 2005International Conference on Image Processing (Genova,Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 InternationalConference on Image Processing, Vol. II, 197-200 (2006).

Semiconductor LasersElarde, V. and Coleman, J. Spectral and thresholdperformance of patterned quantum dot lasers. 32ndInternational Symposium on Compound Semiconductors(Rust, Germany, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 32ndInternational Symposium on Compound Semiconductors508-511 (2006).

Kim, Y., Elarde, V., Coleman, J., and Choquette, K. Electrically injected photonic crystal light emitterswith spatially localized gain. 2006 IEEE Lasers andElectro-Optics Society Annual Conference (Montréal, QC,Oct. 2006).

Price, R., Elarde, V., and Coleman, J. 850-nm asymmetriccladding surface etched DBR lasers with narrowspectral linewidth. Novel In-Plane Semiconductor LasersV (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering 613-617(2006).

Price, R., Verma, V., Tobin, K., Hsieh, K., Elarde, V.,and Coleman, J. Intrinsic parameter and modalcharacteristics of asymmetric cladding ridgewaveguide lasers. 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-OpticsSociety Annual Conference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006).

Tobin, K., Price, R., Elarde, V., Verma, V., andColeman, J. Optical heterodyning of narrow-linewidthsurface etched distributed Bragg reflector laser diodes. 2006 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society AnnualConference (Montréal, QC, Oct. 2006).

SemiconductorsLiu, M. and Huang, T. A Bayesian predictive method forautomatic speech segmentation. 18th InternationalConference on Pattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China,Sep. 2006).

Tsai, C., Xu, C., Hsieh, K., and Cheng, K. Growthoptimization of InGaAs quantum wires for infraredphotodetector applications. 23rd North AmericanConference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara,CA, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 23rd North AmericanConference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy 1527-1531(2006).

Wu, B., Cheng, K., Xu, C., and Hsieh, K. Formation andproperty of InSb self-assembled quantum dots onGaAsSb lattice matched to InP. 23rd North AmericanConference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara,CA, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 23rd North AmericanConference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy 1660-1664(2006).

Zhang, L.-X., Melnikov, D., and Leburton, J.-P. Stabilitydiagram and exchange interaction in coupled quantumdots in magnetic fields. Quantum Information andComputation IV (Kissimmee, FL, Apr. 2006). Proceedingsof SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering624406 (2006).

Zhang, Z. and Cheng, K. Growth of high quality InAsquantum-dot multilayer structures on InP for infraredphotodetector applications. 23rd North AmericanConference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (Santa Barbara,CA, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 23rd North AmericanConference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy 1656-1659(2006).

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Signal and Image ProcessingAtkinson, I., Kamalabadi, F., Jones, D., and Thulborn, K. Blind estimation of fMRI data for improved BOLDcontrast detection. 3rd IEEE International Symposiumon Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA,Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE InternationalSymposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro1056-1059 (2006).

Chen, T. and Huang, T. Boundary correction for totalvariation regularized L1 function with applications toimage decomposition and segmentation. 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition (HongKong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition 316-319(2006).

Chen, T. and Huang, T. Scale-driven iterativeoptimization for brain extraction and registration. 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition (New York, NY, Jun.2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition2467-2474 (2006).

Choi, J., Singer, A., and Cho, N. Low-power adaptivefinite impulse response (FIR) equalizer via soft errorcancellation. 2006 IEEE International Conference onAcoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (Toulouse,France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech and SignalProcessing, Vol. IV, 433-436 (2006).

Da Cunha, A., Zhou, J., and Do, M. Nonsubsampledcontourlet transform: Filter design and applications indenoising. 2005 International Conference on ImageProcessing (Genova, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the2005 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol.I, 749-752 (2006).

Dagli, C., Rajaram, S., and Huang, T. Leveraging activelearning for relevance feedback using an informationtheoretic diversity measure. 5th InternationalConference on Image and Video Retrieval (Tempe, AZ,Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 5th International Conferenceon Image and Video Retrieval 123-132 (2006).

Dagli, C., Rajaram, S., and Huang, T. Utilizinginformation theoretic diversity for scan velocitymodulation (SVM) active learning. 18th InternationalConference on Pattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China,Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th InternationalConference on Pattern Recognition 506-511 (2006).

Do, M., Marchand-Maillet, D., and Vetterli, M. On thebandlimitedness of the plenoptic function. 2005International Conference on Image Processing (Genova,Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2006 InternationalConference on Image Processing, Vol. III, 17-20 (2006).

El Choubassi, M. and Moulin, P. On the fundamentaltrade-off between watermark detection performanceand robustness against sensitivity analysis attacks. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking ofMultimedia Contents VIII (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006).Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for OpticalEngineering 60721I (2006).

Fu, Y. and Huang, T. Graph embedded analysis for headpose estimation. 7th International Conference onAutomatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Southampton,UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7th InternationalConference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition3-8 (2006).

Guan, K. and Singer, A. A level-crossing samplingscheme for non-bandlimited signals. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. II, 381-383 (2006).

Gupta, A. and Singer, A. Maximal conditional efficiencysuccessive interference cancellation. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. IV, 785-788 (2006).

Gupta, M., Rajaram, S., Petrovic, N., and Huang, T. Classifiers for motion. 18th International Conference onPattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006).Proceedings of the 18th International Conference onPattern Recognition 593-596 (2006).

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Han, T., Ning, H., and Huang, T. Efficientnonparametric belief propagation with application toarticulated body tracking. 2006 IEEE Computer SocietyConference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEComputer Society Conference on Computer Vision andPattern Recognition 214-221 (2006).

Huazhong, N., Han, T., Yuxiao, H., Zhenqiu, Z., Yun, F.,and Huang, T. A realtime shrug detector. 7thInternational Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedingsof the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face andGesture Recognition 505-510 (2006).

Juin, T., Ivanovic, A., Xun, X., Li, F.-F., and Huang, T. Variational shift invariant probabilistic PCA for facerecognition. 18th International Conference on PatternRecognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedingsof the 18th International Conference on PatternRecognition 548-551 (2006).

Kim, L., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., and Sung, K. Generalized optimal multi-microphone speechenhancement using sequential minimum variancedistortionless response (MVDR) beamforming andpostfiltering. 2006 IEEE International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Toulouse,France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing, Vol. III, 65-68 (2006).

Kiyavash, N. and Moulin, P. On optimal collusionstrategies for fingerprinting. 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing(Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing, Vol. V, 405-408 (2006).

Lam, C. and Singer, A. Adaptive Bayesian beamformingfor steering vector uncertainties with order recursiveimplementation. 2006 IEEE International Conference onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Toulouse,France, May 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing, Vol. IV, 997-1000 (2006).

Liu, M. and Huang, T. Video-based personauthentication via audio/visual association. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Multimedia and Expo(Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).

Liu, M. and Huang, T. A Bayesian predictive method forautomatic speech segmentation. 18th InternationalConference on Pattern Recognition (Hong Kong, China,Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18th InternationalConference on Pattern Recognition 290-293 (2006).

Liu, M., Huang, T., and Zhang, Z. Robust local scoringfunction for text-independent speaker verification. 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition(Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedings of the 18thInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition1146-1149 (2006).

Liu, M., Tang, H., Ning, H., and Huang, T. Personidentification based on multichannel andmultimodality fusion. 1st International EvaluationWorkshop on Classification of Events, Activities andRelationships: Multimodal Technologies for Perception ofHumans (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 1st International Evaluation Workshop onClassification of Events, Activities and Relationships241-248 (2006).

Morrison, R. and Do, M. A multichannel approach tometric-based SAR autofocus. 2005 InternationalConference on Image Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep.2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International Conferenceon Image Processing, Vol. II, 1070-1073 (2006).

Moulin, P. Discreet signaling: From the Chineseemperors to the Internet. International Workshop onMultimedia Content Representation, Classification andSecurity (Istanbul, Turkey, Sep. 2006). Proceedings of theInternational Workshop on Multimedia ContentRepresentation, Classification and Security 42 (2006).

Moulin, P. Universal decoding of watermarks undergeometric attacks. 2006 IEEE International Symposiumon Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposiumon Information Theory 2353-2357 (2006).

Moulin, P. and Goteti, A. Minmax strategies forquantization index modulation (QIM) watermarkingsubject to attacks with memory. 2005 InternationalConference on Image Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep.2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International Conferenceon Image Processing, Vol. I, 985-988 (2006).

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Moulin, P. and Koetter, R. A framework for the designof good watermark identification codes. Security,Steganography, and Watermarking of MultimediaContents VIII (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2006). Proceedings ofSPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering60721H (2006).

Nguyen, H., Morrison Jr., R., Sutton, B., and Do, M. Jointestimation in MRI using harmonic retrieval methods. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on BiomedicalImaging: Nano to Macro (Arlington, VA, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium onBiomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro 1004-1007 (2006).

Ning, H., Xu, W., Gong, Y., and Huang, T. Improvingspeaker diarization by cross-EM refinement. 2006IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo(Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).

Sethi, A., Rahurkar, M., and Huang, T. Variable modulegraphs: A framework for inference and learning inmodular vision systems. 2005 International Conferenceon Image Processing (Genova, Italy, Sep. 2005).Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference onImage Processing, Vol. II, 1326-1329 (2006).

Singer, A. and Kozat, S. Universal context tree, leastsquares prediction. 2006 IEEE International Symposiumon Information Theory (Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006).Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposiumon Information Theory 426-430 (2006).

Soldner, N., Lam, C., Singer, A., and Bernhard, J. Beamforming in intelligent randomly distributedsensor networks using electrically small dual-sectorantennas for planetary exploration. 2nd IEEEInternational Conference on Space Mission Challenges forInformation Technology (Pasadena, CA, Jul. 2006).

Tang, H. and Huang, T. Improved graphical model foraudiovisual object tracking. 2006 IEEE InternationalConference on Multimedia and Expo (Toronto, ON, Jul.2006).

Tu, J., Fu, Y., Hu, Y., and Huang, T. Evaluation of headpose estimation for studio data. 1st InternationalEvaluation Workshop on Classification of Events,Activities and Relationships: Multimodal Technologies forPerception of Humans (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the 1st International Evaluation Workshopon Classification of Events, Activities and Relationships281-290 (2006).

Tu, J., Huang, T., and Tao, H. Accurate head posetracking in low-resolution video. 7th InternationalConference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition(Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7thInternational Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition 573-578 (2006).

Tu, J., Tao, H., and Huang, T. Online updatingappearance generative mixture model for meanshifttracking. 7th Asian Conference on Computer Vision(Hyderabad, India, Jan. 2006). Lecture Notes in ComputerScience (including subseries Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 694-703(2006).

Velivelli, A. and Huang, T. Automatic video annotationby mining speech transcripts. 2006 Conference onComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops(New York, NY, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionWorkshops 1640558 (2006).

Velivelli, A., Huang, T., and Hauptmann, A. Video shotretrieval using a kernel derived from a continuousHMM (hidden Markov model). Multimedia ContentAnalysis, Management, and Retrieval 2006 (San Jose, CA,Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Societyfor Optical Engineering 607311 (2006).

Wang, Y. amd Moulin, P. On discrimination betweenphotorealistic and photographic images. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech and SignalProcessing (Toulouse, France, May 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. II, 161-164 (2006).

Wang, Y. and Moulin, P. Capacity and random-codingerror exponent for public fingerprinting game. 2006IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory(Seattle, WA, Jul. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006 IEEEInternational Symposium on Information Theory1174-1178 (2006).

Wang, Y. and Moulin, P. Statistical modelling andsteganalysis of discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-basedimage steganography. Security, Steganography, andWatermarking of Multimedia Contents VIII (San Jose, CA,Jan. 2006). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Societyfor Optical Engineering 607202 (2006).

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Xu, X., Rui, Y., and Huang, T. Recognizing faces inrecorded meetings via MRC-boosting. 2006 IEEEInternational Conference on Multimedia and Expo(Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).

Zeng, Z., Fu, Y., Roisman, G., Wen, Z., Hu, Y., andHuang, T. One-class classification for spontaneousfacial expression analysis. 7th International Conferenceon Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition(Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006). Proceedings of the 7thInternational Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition 281-286 (2006).

Zhang, Z., Hu, Y., Yu, T., and Huang, T. Minimumvariance estimation of 3D face shape from multi-view. 7th International Conference on Automatic Face andGesture Recognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the 7th International Conference onAutomatic Face and Gesture Recognition 547-552 (2006).

Zhang, Z., Potamianos, G., Chu, S., Tu, J., and Huang, T. Person tracking in smart rooms using dynamicprogramming and adaptive subspace learning. 2006IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo(Toronto, ON, Jul. 2006).

Zhang, Z., Potamianos, G., Liu, M., and Huang, T. Robustmulti-view multi-camera face detection inside smartrooms using spatio-temporal dynamic programming. 7th International Conference on Automatic Face andGesture Recognition (Southampton, UK, Apr. 2006).Proceedings of the 7th International Conference onAutomatic Face and Gesture Recognition 407-412 (2006).

Zhou, J., Cunha, A., and Do, M. Nonsubsampledcontourlet transform: Construction and application inenhancement. 2005 International Conference on ImageProcessing (Genova, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the2005 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol.I, 469-472 (2006).

Zhou, Y. and Huang, T. Weighted Bayesian network forvisual tracking. 18th International Conference on PatternRecognition (Hong Kong, China, Aug. 2006). Proceedingsof the 18th International Conference on PatternRecognition 523-526 (2006).

Structural Engineering and DesignHashash, Y. M. A., Liu, L. Y., Ghaboussi, J.,Marulanda, C., Su, Y. Y., Song, H., and Osouli, A. Newtechnologies for tracking urban excavation progressand estimating deformations. 2006 GeoShanghaiConference: Sessions on Underground Construction andGround Movement (Shanghai, PRC, Jun. 2006).Underground Construction and Ground Movement:Proceedings of Sessions of GeoShanghai 2006 336-341(2006).

Hashash, Y. M. A., Liu, L., Su, Y.-Y., and Song, H. Useof new technologies for tracking excavation progress. GeoCongress 2006: Geotechnical Engineering in theInformation Technology Age (Atlanta, GA, Feb. 2006).Proceedings of GeoCongress 2006: GeotechnicalEngineering in the Information Technology Age 70 (2006).

Systems and ControlJiang, S. and Voulgaris, P. G. Design of distributedcontrollers with constrained and noisy links. 45thInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersConference on Decision and Control (San Diego, CA, Dec.2006). Proceedings of the 45th Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Conference on Decision and Control(2006).

Jiang, S., Voulgaris, P. G., Holloway, L. E., andThompson, L. A. Distributed control of large segmentedtelescopes. 2006 American Control Conference(Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings of the 2006American Control Conference (2006).

McGuire, B. and Neogi, N. Boundingoverapproximations of reachable sets in aircraftconflict detection. American Institute of Aeronautics andAstronautics Guidance, Navigation, and ControlConference (Keystone, CO, Aug. 2006). Proceedings ofthe American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsGuidance, Navigation, and Control Conference (2006).

Naseri, A. and Neogi, N. Stochastic hybrid models withapplications to air traffic management. AmericanInstitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Guidance,Navigation, and Control Conference (Keystone, CO, Aug.2006). Proceedings of the American Institute ofAeronautics and Astronautics Guidance, Navigation, andControl Conference (2006).

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Naseri, A. and Neogi, N. Using hidden Markov modelsto detect mode changes in aircraft flight data forconflict detection purposes. Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Conference on Systems, Man andCybernetics (Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 2006). Proceedings ofthe Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersConference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (2006).

Neogi, N. Developing conflict detection techniques fora safe and reliable network on uninhabited aerialvehicles. International Conference on DependableSystems and Networks (Philadelphia, PA, Jun. 2006).Proceedings of the International Conference onDependable Systems and Networks (2006).

Ortiz, A. and Neogi N. Optic flow: A computer visionapproach to object avoidance on UAVs. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Digital AvionicsSystems Conference (Portland, OR, Oct. 2006).Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Digital Avionics Systems Conference (2006).

Touri, R., Voulgaris, P. G., and Hadjicostis, C. N. Time-varying power-limited preprocessing for perfectreconstruction of binary signals. 2006 American ControlConference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 American Control Conference (2006).

Uhlig, D., Bhamidipati, K., and Neogi, N. A safety-oriented approach to designing UAVs using COTStechnology. Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Digital Avionics Systems Conference (Portland,OR, Oct. 2006). Proceedings of the Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Digital Avionics SystemsConference (2006).

Yadav, V., Voulgaris, P. G., and Salapaka, M. V. Architectures for distributed control for performanceoptimization in the presence of sub-controllercommunication noise. 2006 American ControlConference (Minneapolis, MN, Jun. 2006). Proceedings ofthe 2006 American Control Conference (2006).

Tunneling MicroscopyRuppalt, L., Albrecht, P., and Lyding, J. UHV-STM studyof single-walled carbon nanotubes applied to the GaAs(110) and InAs(110) surfaces. 10th InternationalConference on the Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces(Aix-en-Provence, France, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the10th International Conference on the Formation ofSemiconductor Interfaces 31-34 (2006).

ThesesAdvanced AutomationWang, H. Recognition, mining, synthesis andestimation (RMSE) for large-scale visual data usingmultilinear models. Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja, advisor(2006).

Young, M. Representing virtual world spaces indescription logic. M.S. thesis, N. Ahuja, advisor (2006).

Yu, T. Geometric and photometric modeling of 3Dscenes from multiple views. Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja,advisor (2006).

Advanced Processing and CircuitsLanford, W. Process development for aluminumgallium nitride-based enhancement-and depletion-mode HEMTs. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2006).

Zhao, W. Monolithic integration of thermally stableenhancement-mode and depletion-mode InP HEMTsutilizing Ir-gate and Ag-ohmic contact technologies. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2006).

AeronomyMilla, M. Ionospheric electron density and Te/Tiestimation using incoherent scatter power datacollected at ALTAIR. M.S. thesis, E. Kudeki, advisor(2006).

Wallace, A. VHF and UHF radar observations ofpostsunset E-region turbulence with ALTAIR. M.S.thesis, E. Kudeki, advisor (2006).

Automotive SystemsBarton, K. A cross-coupled ILC design for improvedprecision motion control. M.S. thesis, A. G. Alleyne,advisor (2006).

Keir, M. Dynamic modeling, control, and faultdetection in vapor compression systems. M.S. thesis, A.G. Alleyne, advisor (2006).

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Montgomery, A. Optimizing the efficiency ofelectrohydraulic powertrains. M.S. thesis, A. G.Alleyne, advisor (2006).

Morgan, B. Dimensional analysis and control ofhydraulic servovalves. M.S. thesis, A. G. Alleyne,advisor (2006).

BioacousticsLobdell, B. An information theoretic tool forinvestigating speech perception. M.S. thesis, J. Allen,advisor (2006).

Yapa, N. Narrow-band speech and pitch detectionthresholds: Comparison of human performance withcritical band models. M.S. thesis, J. Allen, advisor(2006).

CircuitsArshad, A. Algorithms and architectures for soft-decoding Reed-Solomon codes. Ph.D. thesis, N. R.Shanbhag, advisor (2006).

Bhatia, K. A compact, ESD-protected, BiCMOS lownoise amplifier for ultra-wideband applications. M.S.thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2006).

Chen, V. Design of high-speed receiver front end formultigigabits data link. M.S. thesis, E. Rosenbaum,advisor (2006).

Disarro, J. Characterization, modeling, and simulationof the transient behavior of silicon-controlled rectifiersfor electrostatic discharge protection circuits. M.S.thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2006).

Liu, Z. Optimal ordering of random walks in powergrid analysis. M.S. thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2006).

Pawlowski, D. Boundary-based cellwise OPC. M.S.thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2006).

Sridhara, S. Communication-inspired design of on-chipbuses. Ph.D. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2006).

Tseng, R. Level-sensitive retiming for processvariation-tolerant digital circuit design. M.S. thesis, N.R. Shanbhag, advisor (2006).

Zhang, M. Analysis and design of soft-error tolerantcircuits. Ph.D. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2006).

CommunicationsBui, L. Joint asynchronous congestion control anddistributed scheduling for multihop wireless networkswith heterogeneous links. M.S. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor(2006).

Gupta, A. Low-complexity distributed schedulingalgorithms for wireless networks. M.S. thesis, R.Srikant, advisor (2006).

Kiyavash, N. Information theoretic limits for securemultimedia and magnetic recording. Ph.D. thesis, R. E.Blahut, advisor (2006).

Ko, G. Behavioral modeling and simulation of phasenoise and jitter in phase shifters using PLL in MIMOphased array system. M.S. thesis, A. Poon, advisor(2006).

McClain, M. Semantic-based learning of syntax in anautonomous robot. Ph.D. thesis, S. E. Levinson, advisor(2006).

Nguyen, K. A natural-sampling conversion algorithmfor digital pulse width modulators. M.S. thesis, D.Sarwate, advisor (2006).

Pazos, S. On the pseudo-distance of LDPC codes. M.S.thesis, R. Koetter, advisor (2006).

Ratnakar, N. Optimized network coding for wirelessand Aref networks. Ph.D. thesis, R. Koetter, advisor(2006).

Rivera, R. 360-degree object recognition using SIFTfeatures with autonomous model building. M.S. thesis,S. E. Levinson, advisor (2006).

Sanghavi, S. Decentralized network algorithms. Ph.D.thesis, B. Hajek, advisor (2006).

Sethuraman, V. On communication over correlatedfading channels with practical power constraints. Ph.D.thesis, B. Hajek, advisor (2006).

Tavildar, S. Source and channel coding for wirelessnetworks. Ph.D. thesis, P. Viswanath, advisor (2006).

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Traskov, D. Code construction for the multiple unicastbased on linear and integer programming. M.S. thesis,R. Koetter, advisor (2006).

Zhao, Z. Two-dimensional information transmission. Ph.D. thesis, R. E. Blahut, advisor (2006).

Computer EngineeringChereddi, C. System architecture for multichannelmulti-interface wireless networks. M.S. thesis, N. H.Vaidya, advisor (2006).

Ko, W. Machine descriptors for retargetableparallelization. Ph.D. thesis, C. Polychronopoulos,advisor (2006).

Melnyk, M. A study of IMS (IP multimedia subsystem)signaling performance. M.S. thesis, C.Polychronopoulos, advisor (2006).

Nichols, M. Implementation of Monte Carlo financialderivative pricing for a physics processing unit. M.S.thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2006).

Spadini, F. Idiom analysis: A novel approach todataflow redundancy identification. M.S. thesis, S. J.Patel, advisor (2006).

Control SystemsEldredge, B. Improving the accuracy and scope ofcontrol-oriented vapor compression cycle systemmodels. M.S. thesis, A. G. Alleyne, advisor (2006).

Kawka, P. A. Controller analysis and synthesis forwireless servo systems. Ph.D. thesis, A. G. Alleyne,advisor (2006).

Decision and ControlAlpcan, T. Noncooperative games for control ofnetworked systems. Ph.D. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor(2006).

Giridhar, A. In-network computation in wireless sensornetworks. Ph.D. thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2006).

Hong, W. Hybrid models for representation of imagerydata. Ph.D. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor (2006).

Le, T. Max-product algorithms for the generalizedmultiple fault diagnosis problem. M.S. thesis, S. A.Hutchinson, advisor (2006).

Plarre, K. Problems in sensor networks: Inference,localization, and motion estimation. Ph.D. thesis, P. R.Kumar, advisor (2006).

Wagner, A. Subspace methods for the identification ofhybrid linear systems. M.S. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor(2006).

Xue, F. Design and analysis of wireless networks:Connectivity, coverage, and capacity. Ph.D. thesis, P. R.Kumar, advisor (2006).

Yalavarti, A. Architecture and implementation forplant emulation in networked control systems. M.S.thesis, P. R. Kumar, advisor (2006).

Yang, A. Estimation of subspace arrangements: Itsalgebra and statistics. Ph.D. thesis, Y. Ma, advisor(2006).

Yin, Z. Trust-based game-theoretic intrusiondetection. M.S. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2006).

Yuksel, S. Transmission of information in controlsystems. Ph.D. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2006).

Digital Signal and Imaging ProcessingGarcia, F. An iterative algorithm for recovery of sparsecomplex data from sparse Fourier measurements. M.S.thesis, Y. Bresler, advisor (2006).

Electromagnetic Communication andElectronics PackagingDeng, Z. CAD implementation of finite differencealgorithms for the analysis of high-speed circuits. Ph.D.thesis, J. E. Schutt-Aine, advisor (2006).

Kuo, S. PCB design and simulation with CadenceAllegro 15.5. M.S. thesis, J. E. Schutt-Aine, advisor(2006).

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ElectromagneticsAlvey, G. Investigation of techniques for isolating cositemicrostrip patch antennas. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard,advisor (2006).

Banasiak, J. Investigation of the radar cross section offinite frequency selective surface arrays. M.S. thesis, J.T. Bernhard, advisor (2006).

Fladie, J. Investigation and analysis of sectionedsubstrate microstrip patch antennas. M.S. thesis, J. T.Bernhard, advisor (2006).

Huff, G. A radiation reconfigurable magnetic linesource antenna: Modeling, integration with RF MEMS,and applications. Ph.D. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor(2006).

Soldner, N. Design and analysis of electrically small,inductively loaded, dual-sector antennas for surfacesensing applications. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor(2006).

High Frequency DevicesDixon, F. Visible spectrum light-emitting transistors. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2006).

Optical Physics and EngineeringRicconi, B. Microcavity plasmas in rare gas/watervapor mixtures: Ultraviolet emission from the hydroxylradical. M.S. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2006).

Sung, S. Silicon microcavity plasma devices:Ultraviolet emission and addressability. M.S. thesis, J.G. Eden, advisor (2006).

Power and Energy SystemsBalog, R. Autonomous local control in distributed DCpower systems. Ph.D. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2006).

Chen, D. Development and fabrication of hybrid LCdevices on silicon. M.S. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor(2006).

Cooper, B. Maximum utilization of on-base emergencygeneration after sustained utility outage. M.S. thesis, P.W. Sauer, advisor (2006).

Green, B. Field-oriented control of multiple inductionmachines connected in parallel. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer,advisor (2006).

Pullolicikal, M. Stochastic transmission line revenueswith outages. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, advisor (2006).

Smith, J. Algorithm to determine minimumcontingency set in voltage collapse scenario. M.S. thesis,P. W. Sauer, advisor (2006).

Zhang, G. Torque-angle based analysis and control ofinduction machines. Ph.D. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor(2006).

Reliable and High-PerformanceComputingChan, H. Memory dependence prediction using storesets with training sets. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor(2006).

Griffith, M. Dynamic partitioning of stochasticnetworks of molecular interactions. M.S. thesis, W. H.Sanders, advisor (2006).

Kelm, J. Operating system interfaces to reconfigurablesystems. M.S. thesis, S. S. Lumetta, advisor (2006).

Longino, J. Boolean blunders: Identification andassessment of student misconceptions in a digital logiccourse. M.S. thesis, M. C. Loui, advisor (2006).

Malik, K. Confidence based out-of-order registerrenaming for dynamically multithreaded processors. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2006).

Nakka, N. Reliability and security engine: A processor-level framework for application-aware detection andrecovery. Ph.D. thesis, R. K. Iyer, advisor (2006).

Sanghavi, S. A decoupled instruction prefetchmechanism for high throughput. M.S. thesis, M. I.Frank, advisor (2006).

Stephano, K. Polyflow binary rewriter: A binaryrewriter for whole program analysis and optimization. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2006).

Watson, B. Filtered backprojection implementation fora field-programmable gate array. M.S. thesis, W. W.Hwu, advisor (2006).

126

Remote SensingComberiate, J. Tomographic imaging andcharacterization of ionosphere equatorial plasmairregularities with the global ultraviolet imager. Ph.D.thesis, F. Kamalabadi, advisor (2006).

SemiconductorsBharthuar, A. Development of graphical user interfacesto applications in computational electronics. M.S.thesis, U. Ravaioli, advisor (2006).

Pandya, S. Algorithm, ASIC, and system-level designand implementation for biomimetric MEMS flowsensors. M.S. thesis, K. Cheng, advisor (2006).

Ravishankar, R. Simulation of nanoscale silicon deviceswith combined Monte Carlo/quantum approaches. M.S. thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2006).

Tehranchi, F. A double-gate, metal-oxidesemiconductor structure for modulation of thehyperfine interaction in phosphorus-doped Si-device. M.S. thesis, J. Leburton, advisor (2006).

Vidal, J. Electrically tunable solid-state nanopore. M.S.thesis, J. Leburton, advisor (2006).

Wu, B.-R. Molecular beam epitaxy of gallium arsenideantimonide-based ultra-high-speed doubleheterojunction bipolar transistors and light emittingtransistors. Ph.D. thesis, K. Cheng, advisor (2006).

Signal and Image ProcessingLee, B. Robust speech recognition in a car using amicrophone array. Ph.D. thesis, M. A. Hasegawa-Johnson, advisor (2006).

Liu, T. Some information-theoretic aspects of reliablecommunication with transmitter-side information. Ph.D. thesis, P. Moulin, advisor (2006).

Narayanan, S. Stability analysis and performanceevaluation of asynchronous sensor networks. M.S.thesis, D. L. Jones, advisor (2006).

Sachs, D. A new framework for hierarchical cross-layeradaptation. Ph.D. thesis, D. L. Jones, advisor (2006).

Sethi, A. Interaction between modules in learningsystems for vision applications. Ph.D. thesis, T. S.Huang, advisor (2006).

Awards and HonorsJohn R. AbelsonIBM University Partnership Award, 1995-1997Fakultetsopponent (External Examiner), University of

Linkoping, Sweden, 1995Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 1996Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,

University of Illinois, 1997Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent,

University of Illinois, 2000, 2002Fellow, American Vacuum Society, 2004

Ilesanmi AdesidaScientific Member, Bohmische Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, University of Illinois, 1993, 1999Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Electronic Device Society,

1977-1999University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997, 1999Associate Member, Center for Advanced Study,

2000-2001

Vikram AdveBest Paper Award, 15th Workshop on Parallel and

Distributed Simulation, May 2001C. W. Gear Outstanding Junior Faculty Award, University

of Illinois Department of Computer Science, 2002Associate Editor, ACM Transactions on Programming

Languages and Systems, 2003-Best Paper Award, Programming Language Design and

Implementation, 2005

Gul A. AghaYoung Investigator Award, U.S. Office of Naval Research,

1989Incentive for Excellence Award, Digital Equipment

Corporation Faculty Program, 1990Fellow, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study,

1992-1993International Lecturer, Association for Computing

Machinery (ACM), 1991-2000Editor, ACM Computer Surveys, 1995-1999

127

Associate Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Parallel and DistributedTechnology: Systems and Applications, 1992-1994

Editor, Theory and Practice of Object Systems, 1993-1999Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Concurrency: Parallel, Distributed

and Mobile Computing, 1994-1998Golden Core Member, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society, 1999Meritorious Service Award, IEEE Computer Society, 1999Editor-in-Chief, ACM Computing Surveys, 2000-Fellow, IEEE Computer Society, 2002Member, European Academy of Sciences, 2003Arthur Schofstall Distinguished Lecturer, Rensselear

Polytechnic Institute, 2003

Narendra AhujaFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Association for Artificial IntelligenceFellow, Association for Computing MachineryFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersFellow, International Association for Pattern RecognitionFellow, International Society for Optical EngineeringUniversity Scholar, University of IllinoisBeckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1990-1991Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1998Donald Biggar Willet Professorship, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 1999Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their

Students, 2002

Jont AllenIBM Faculty Award, 2004

Leslie H. AllenRacheff Professor of Materials Science, University of

Illinois College of Engineering, 1991-1993Outstanding Teacher List, University of Illinois, 1993,

1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2003Advisors List for Advising Excellence, University of

Illinois, 1999, 2002Outstanding Scholar Faculty Recognition, Alpha Delta Pi,

University of Illinois, 1999

Andrew G. AlleyneOutstanding Graduate Student Instructor Award,

1990-1991Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their

Students, University of Illinois, Spring 1995; Fall 2004,2006

Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) ProgramAward, National Science Foundation, 1996

Best Paper in Session, American Controls Conference,1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005

Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1998,1999

Honorable Mention for paper (one of five finalist papers)at the Fourteenth International Federation of AutomaticControl Congress, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China,1999

Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of IllinoisCollege of Engineering, 2000

Best Paper Award, American Society of MechanicalEngineers International Mechanical EngineeringCongress and Exposition, Fluid Power Systems andTechnology Division, 2000

Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers, 2000Accenture Award for Excellence in Advising, University

of Illinois College of Engineering, 2001, 2003Fulbright Fellowship, 2002-2003College of Engineering Ralph M. and Catherine V. Fisher

Professor, University of Illinois College of Engineering,2002-2005

Student Best Paper Award, American Society ofMechanical Engineering International MechanicalEngineers Congress and Exposition, Dynamic Systemsand Control Division, 2002

Best Paper Finalist (top 12 out of 150), 6th InternationalSymposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, 2002

Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award, Society ofAutomotive Engineers, 2003

Distinguished Lecturer, Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Control Systems Society,2004-2007

Outstanding Young Investigator Award, American Societyof Mechanical Engineers Dynamic Systems and ControlDivision, 2003

Invited Participant, National Academy of Engineering 19thAnnual Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering, 2004

Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2005Honorable Mention, Campus Award for Innovation in

Undergraduate Instruction, University of Illinois, 2005Honorable Mention, Campus Award for Excellence in

Graduate and Professional Teaching, University ofIllinois, 2006

Tamer BasarMember, National Academy of EngineeringFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)

128

Fellow, International Federation of Automatic Control(IFAC)

Member, European Academy of SciencesPresident, International Society of Dynamic Games,

1990-1992, 1992-1994Editor, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,

1992-1994Nearing Distinguished Professor of Electrical and

Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 1998-Zaborszky Lecturer, Washington University, St. Louis,

1999IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2000NASA "Revolutionize Aviation Goal" Award, 2001Honorary Editor, J. Applied and Computational

Mathematics, 2002-Penner Distinguished Lecturer, University of California,

San Diego, 2003Editor-in-Chief, Automatica, 2004-Tau Beta Pi Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize, IEEE Control Systems

Society, 2004Giorgio Quazza Medal, IFAC, 2005Outstanding Service Award, IFAC, 2005Professor, Center for Advanced Study, University of

Illinois, 2005-Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award, American

Automatic Control Council (AACC), 2006

Carolyn L. BeckAlcoa Foundation Award, 1997Junior Faculty Award, Oak Ridge Associated Universities,

1997Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 1998-2002Young Investigator Award, Office of Naval Research,

2001-2004Accenture Outstanding Advisor Award, 2004, 2005

Jennifer BernhardNew Faculty Fellow, Sloan, 1997Faculty Fellow, NASA-ASEE, 1999, 2000Collins Scholar, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 2000Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE), 2001Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 2002-2005

Accenture Engineering Council Award for Excellence inAdvising, University of Illinois College of Engineering,2004

H. A. Wheeler Applications Prize Paper Award, IEEEAntennas and Propagation Society, 2004

Stephen G. BishopFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Optical Society of AmericaBoard of Trustees, Gettysburg College, 1992-2006

Richard BlahutMember, National Academy of Engineering, 1990Fellow, IBM, 1980Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,

1981Fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,

1982Henry Magnuski Professor, 2000Claude E. Shannon Award, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2005

Yoram BreslerFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Technion Fellowship, 1995-1996University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 2001-2002

Donna J. BrownOutstanding Young Woman of America, 1984

David CahillFellow, American Vacuum SocietyPeter Mark Memorial Award, American Vacuum Society,

1998University Scholar, University of Illinois, 2000-2003Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois,

2002-2004Fellow, American Physical Society, 2005Donald B. Willett Professor of Engineering, University of

Illinois, 2005-2010

Roy H. CampbellCertificate of Recognition for the Creative Development

of a Technical Innovation, NASA, published in NASATechnical Brief, Path Pascal, June, 1982

Senior Visiting Research Fellowship at University ofNewcastle upon Tyne, Science and EngineeringResearch Council of Great Britain, 1981-1983

129

Information Technology Committee, Illinois TerrorismTask Force, 2002-2003

Sohaib and Sara Abbasi Professor in Computer Science,University of Illinois, 2004-

Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE), 2005

Andreas CangellarisFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)

Keh-Yung ChengFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE), 2001Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of

Science (AAAS), 2004Ministry of Education Distinguished Visiting Chair

Professor, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan, 2003-2004

Yun ChiuCalView Teaching Fellow Award, University of California

College of Engineering, 2003Jack Kilby Outstanding Student Paper Award,

International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2005Chunhui Award for Foreign Visiting Scholars, China's

Ministry of Education, 2006

James J. ColemanFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaIEEE LEOS William Streifer Scientific Achievement

AwardDistinguished Lecturer, IEEE, 1997-1998, 1998-1999Franklin Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2002

Gerald DeJongFaculty Assistant Grant, Exxon Mobil Corporation, 1982Arnold O. Beckman Research Award, University of

Illinois Research Board, 1984Faculty Recognition Grant, Alcoa Foundation, 1989Fellow, American Association for Artificial Intelligence,

1992Who's Who in Science and Engineering, Marquis Who's

Who, 2000International Scientist of the Year, International

Biographical Centre, 2001

Minh DoBest Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of

Technology Lausanne, 2001Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award,

National Science Foundation, 2003Best Paper Award at the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conferenceon Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005

Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois,2006

Most Innovative Paper Award, IEEE InternationalConference on Image Processing, 2006

Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent, 2006

Geir E. DullerudNational Sciences and Engineering Research Council of

Canada Initiation Grant, 1996Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program

Award, National Science Foundation, 1999Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 2002-2008Listed in the Daily Illini "Incomplete List of Teachers

Ranked as Excellent by Their Students," Fall 2004Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 2005

J. Gary EdenFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaAssociate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1987-1988Board of Governors, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics

Society, 1990-1993Associate Editor, Photonics Technology Letters,

1990-1994Vice President (Technical Affairs), IEEE Lasers and

Electro-Optics Society, (LEOS), 1993-1995Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,

1996-2002Editor, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum

Electronics, 1996James F. Towey University Scholar, University of Illinois,

1996-1999President, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

(LEOS), 1998IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000Faculty Advisors List, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 2001, 2004Awards Chair, IEEE LEOS, 2003, 2004Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE LEOS, 2003-2005

130

Aron Kressel Award, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2005

Gert Ehrlich, EmeritusMember, National Academy of SciencesFellow, New York Academy of SciencesFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, American Vacuum SocietyMedard W. Welch Award, American Vacuum Society,

1979Kendall Award in Colloid or Surface Chemistry, American

Ceramic Society, 1982Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1984Senior U.S. Scientist Award, Alexander von Humboldt

Foundation, Germany, 1992Tau Beta Pi Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2002

Milton FengFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaEngineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering,1995, 1996, 1998

Associate Member, University of Illinois Center forAdvanced Study, 1998

Nick Holonyak, Jr. Professorship, University of Illinois,2000-2005

Best Student Paper Award, International GaAsManufacturing Conference, 2003

Steven J. FrankeSenior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers

Chester S. GardnerFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Optical Society of AmericaR. V. Pole Memorial Plenary Lecturer, IEEE/OSA

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1991CEDAR Prize Lecture, National Science Foundation, 1996

Carl A. GunterBest Paper Award, Fourth International Conference on

Requirements Engineering, 2000Editor, Journal of Computer Security, November 2004

Christoforos HadjicostisFellow, Josephine de Karman

Fellow, National Semiconductor CorporationFellow, Grass Instrument CompanyFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2001Recognized Reviewer of Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transaction onAutomatic Control, 2001

Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University ofIllinois Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment, 2003

Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004

Willett Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2005

Senior Member, IEEE, 2005

Bruce HajekMember, National Academy of EngineeringFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1984University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1986Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1992President, IEEE Information Theory Society, 1995Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award,

IEEE, 2003

Ibrahim Hajj, EmeritusFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Administrative Vice President, IEEE Circuits and Systems

Society, 2000, 2001, 2002

Mark Hasegawa-JohnsonSenior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)F. V. Hunt Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Acoustical

Society of America, 1996-1997Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2002

Karl Hess, EmeritusMember, National Academy of Engineering, 2001Member, National Academy of Sciences, 2003Fellow, American Academy of Arts and SciencesFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, American Physical SocietyLouis A. Fridrich University Scholar, 1993

131

Swanlund Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Illinois, 1996-

Professor, University of Illinois Center for AdvancedStudy, 1998-

Honorary Doctor of Sciences, ETH Zuerich, 2003

Thomas S. HuangMember, National Academy of EngineeringForeign Member, Chinese Academy of EngineeringForeign Member, Chinese Academy of SciencesFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, International Association of Pattern RecognitionFellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceFellow, Optical Society of America (SPIE)Fellow, The International Optical SocietyFellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1971Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1990University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1990Fujitsu Endowed Chair Visiting Professor, University of

Tokyo, 1993Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Signal Processing Society,

1993-1994William L. Everitt Distinguished Professor, University of

Illinois, 1996-Peter H. Bartels Visiting Professor, University of

Washington, 1997Center for Advanced Study Professor, University of

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003-Honored as a Pioneer in Signal Processing at the IEEE

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, andSignal Processing, 1998

IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000IEEE Jack Kilby Medal, 2001King-Sun Fu Prize, International Association Pattern

Recognition, 2002Pan Wen-Yuan Foundation Outstanding Research Award,

2002IBM Faculty Award, 2002, 2003Tau Beta Pi Daniel Drucker Eminent Engineering Faculty

Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering,2005

Okawa Award for Information and TelecommunicationTechnology, 2005

Scientist of the Year Award, Society for Imaging Scienceand Technology and SPIE Electronic Imaging, 2006

Wen-Mei HwuFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)

Certificate of Appreciation, for Service as Both Generaland Program Chair for the Silver Anniversary MICROConference, IEEE Computer Society

Fellow, Association of Computing MachineryInfluential Paper Award, International Society for

Computers and Their Applications, 1991Intel Associate Professor, University of Illinois Electrical

and Computer Engineering Department, 1992-1993University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1994Franklin W. Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2000Computerworld Medal Honors, 2002Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of

Illinois Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment, 2002

Sanders III Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Endowed Chair,University of Illinois Electrical and ComputerEngineering Department, 2003

IEEE Micro's Top Picks, Microarchitecture Conference,2005

Ravishankar K. IyerFellow, Association for Computing MachineryFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of

ScienceAssociate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and

AstronauticsDistinguished Visitor, IEEE, 1989-Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 2001Distinguished Service Certificate, American Institute of

Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997George and Ann Fisher Distinguished Professor,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1998-

Douglas L. JonesFulbright Fellowship, 1987Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Farzad KamalabadiFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)


Ralf KoetterCo-Editor-in-Chief, Special Issue of the IEEE

Transactions on Information TheoryAssociate Editor, IEEE Transactions on

Communications, 1999-2000Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Information

Theory, 2000-

132

Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)Award, National Science Foundation, 2000

Incomplete List of Teachers Rated Excellent, Universityof Illinois, 2000

Collins Scholar, University of Illinois, 2000Willet Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois, 2002

Philip T. KreinFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)William E. Newell Power Electronics Award, IEEEGrainger Endowed Director's Chair in Electric Machinery

and ElectromechanicsGrainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of

Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1995-2002Fulbright Scholar, 1997-1998Past President, IEEE Power Electronics SocietyUniversity Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999-2002Division II Director, IEEE, 2003-2004Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Power Electronics Society

P. R. KumarFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Franklin W. Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, University of Illinois, 2000-Field Award, Control Systems, IEEE

Jean-Pierre LeburtonMember, New York Academy of ScienceFellow, American Association for Advancement of

ScienceFellow, American Physical SocietyFellow, Electro Chemical SocietyFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersFellow, Optical Society of AmericaAssociate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

StudyHitachi Ltd. Quantum Materials Chair, Research Center

for Advanced Sciences and Technology, University ofTokyo, 1992

Chevalier Dans L'Ordre Des Palmes Academiques, 1994King Albert II of Belgium, Round Table on the "Mobility

of European Research Scientist" European Science andTechnology Commission, 2001

Inaugural Montefiore Distinguished Lecture, Penn StateUniversity, 2002

Gregory Stillman Professor in Electrical and ComputerEngineering, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2004

Gold Medal for Scientific Achievement, 75th Anniversaryof the Alumnus Association of the University of Liege,Belgium, 2004

Quantum Devices Award, Outstanding Achievement in theArea of Compound Semiconductor Research, 2004

Stephen LevinsonFellow, Acoustical Society of AmericaFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Zhi-Pei LiangUniversity Scholar AwardBeckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1997Henry Magnuski Scholar, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 1999

Daniel LiberzonFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation, 2002Young Author Prize, International Federation of

Automatic Control, 2002

Liang Y. LiuIncomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their

Students, University of Illinois, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,2003, 2004, 2005, 2006

Advisory Award, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006

Scholar, W. E. O'Neil Faculty, University of IllinoisCollege of Engineering, 2002-2006

Teaching Award, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2003

Michael C. LouiFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)University Distinguished Teacher/ScholarCarnegie Scholar, Carnegie Foundation for the

Advancement of TeachingExecutive Editor, College Teaching, 2006

Joseph W. LydingIBM Postdoctoral Fellow, 1983Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 1987-1988Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced

Study, 1996-1997Fellow, American Physical Society, 1997University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997Fellow, American Vacuum Society, 2000

133

Sean MeynFulbright Research Scholar for Research on Optimization

and Network Scheduling, 1997

Pierre MoulinAssociate Editor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on InformationTheory, 1996-1998

Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by TheirStudents, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005

Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on ImageProcessing, 1999-

Area Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2002-

University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study, 2003IEEE Fellow, 2003Founding Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on

Information Forensics and Security, 2005-Board of Governors, IEEE Signal Processing Society,

2005-Sony Faculty Award, 2005

Klara NahrstedtWeierstrass Prize, Weierstrass Institute of Mathematics,

Berlin, 1985Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)

Award, National Science Foundation (NSF), 1996NASA Space Act Award, NSF, 1996Editorial Board, IEEE Multimedia Newsletter, 1996Xerox Award for Junior Faculty Research, University of

Illinois College of Engineering, 1998C. W. Gear Faculty Award, University of Illinois

Department of Computer Science, 1999Best Tutorial Paper Award, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE), for "An Overview ofQuality of Service Routing for Next-Generation High-Speed Networks: Problems and Solutions," 1999

Campus Award for Innovation in UndergraduateInstruction Using Educational Technologies, Universityof Illinois, 2000

Leonard G. Abraham Prize Paper Award, IEEE, for "AControl-based Middleware Framework for Quality-of-Service Adaptation," 2000

Editorial Board, Journal on Multimedia Applications andTools, 2000

Editorial Board, Computer Networks Journal, 2000-2001Editorial Board, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia,

2000-2001Associate Editor, ACM Computer Communications

Reviews, 2000-Editor-in-Chief, ACM Multimedia Systems Journal, 2001-

Ralph M. and Catherine V. Fisher Professorship,University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2002-

David NicolMarion and Jason Whiting Fellowship, Oxford University,

2000Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersBest Paper Award, IPSI Studenica Conference, 2004

William D. O'Brien, Jr.Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and

Biological EngineeringFellow, Acoustical Society of AmericaFellow and Past President, American Institute of

Ultrasound in MedicineFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Past President, American Institute of Ultrasound in

MedicinePast President, IEEE Sonics and Ultrasonics GroupPast Treasurer, World Federation of Ultrasound in

Medicine and BiologyHonorary Member, Society of Vascular TechnologyCentennial Medal, IEEE, 1984Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,

Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1985-2001Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics

and Frequency Control Society, 1997-1998IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, College of

Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003-Distinguished Service Award, IEEE Ultrasonics,

Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society, 2003Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004MERIT Award, National Institutes of Health, 2006

Michael L. OelzeFellow, National Institute of Health Post-Doctoral

Research, 2002-2004

Janak H. PatelFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Association of Computing MachineryDonald Biggar Willet Professor, University of Illinois


William R. Perkins, EmeritusLife Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)Past President, IEEE Control Systems SocietyDistinguished Member, IEEE Control Systems Society

134

Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Control Systems Society,

1986-1987Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Press, 1992-1994President, American Automatic Control Council,

1996-1997IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000

Constantine D. PolychronopoulosBoard of Directors, Association for Computing Machinery

SIGARCHEditor, International Journal of High-Speed Computing,

1989-Mitsubishi Endowed Professorship, University of Tokyo,

1993

Umberto RavaioliFellow, Institute of Physics, 1999Engineering Council Advisors List for Advising

Excellence, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 1998,2004, 2006

Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2003

Angus A. RockettXerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 1992Everett Teaching Award, University of Illinois College of

Engineering, 1993Fellow, American Vacuum Society, 1998Donald Burnett Teacher of the Year Award, University of

Illinois Materials Science and Engineering Department,1998

Stanley H. Pierce Award, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2002

Outstanding Advisors list, University of Illinois, 1997,1998, 2000, 2001

Knight of St. Patrick, University of Illinois College ofEngineering, 2007

Elyse RosenbaumBest Student Paper Award (co-author, faculty advisor),

Electronic Overstress/Electrostatic DischargeSymposium, 2003

Bliss Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2005IBM Faculty Award, 2006

William SandersFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersFellow, Association for Computing MachineryElected Member, IFIP Working Group 10.4 on

Dependable ComputingMember, Sigma Xi

Member, Eta Kappa NuMember, Motorola Research Visionary Board (RVB),

2005Member, Advisory Board for the Computational Sciences

and Engineering Division (CSED) for Oak RidgeNational Laboratory, 2005

Elected Member, Board of Directors, ACM Sigmetrics,2001-2003, 2005-2007

Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising,2002, 2002

Best Paper, Pacific Rim International Symposium onDependable Computing, Tsukuba, Japan, 2002

Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by theirStudents, University of Illinois, 2002, 2003

Donald Biggar Willett Professor of Engineering,University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2005

Dilip V. SarwateFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)

Peter W. SauerMember, National Academy of EngineeringFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)U.S. Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, 1993Honorary Professional Degree in Electrical Engineering,

University of Missouri-Rolla, 1995Academy of Electrical Engineering, University of

Missouri-Rolla, 1996Outstanding Electrical Engineer Award, Purdue

University, 2004Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising,

University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1999,2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,2006

Grainger Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering,University of Illinois, 1998-

IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000

Lui ShaFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersAssociate Editor, International Journal of Real-Time

Systems, 1992-Area Editor, IEEE Computer, 1993-1995GE Scholar, University of Illinois Academy for Excellence

in Engineering Education, 1999Co-Chair, IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology

and Applications Symposium, 2001Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and

Distributed Systems, 2001-2002

135

Naresh ShanbhagDistinguished Lecturer, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers Circuits and Systems Society,1997-1999

Andrew SingerHughes Aircraft Graduate FellowOutstanding Undergraduate Advisor Award, University of

Illinois College of Engineering, 2002Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2002

Mark W. SpongFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Phi Beta KappaVisiting Professor, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium,

1997Editor, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems

Technology, 1997-2000Visiting Professor, National University of Singapore, 1999Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding

Advising, University of Illinois, 1999, 2005Senior U. S. Scientist Research Prize, Alexander von

Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 1999Visiting Professor, Technical University of Munich, 2000Vice President for Publications, IEEE Control Systems

Society, 2000-2002IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000Southwest Mechanics Lecture Series Distinguished

Speaker, 2001Distinguished Member Award, IEEE Control Systems

Society, 2002O. Hugo Schuck Award, American Automatic Control

Council, 2002Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, 2003John R. Ragazzini Control Education Award, American

Automatic Control Council, 2004President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2005

R. S. SreenivasResearch Initiation Award, National Science Foundation,

1994

John TuckerSenior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE)Fellow, American Physical SocietyMicrowave Pioneer Award, IEEE, 2002

Nitin VaidyaDistinguished Visitor Program Speaker, Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ComputerSociety, 1998-2001

Best Paper Award, The Eighth International Conference onPersonal Wireless Communications (PWC), Venice,2003

Editor-in-Chief, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computingand Communications Review (MC2R), 2003-2004

Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on MobileComputing, 2005-

Venu VeeravalliAssociate Editor, Detection & Estimation, IEEE

Transactions on Information Theory, 2001-2003Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for

Advanced Study, 2002-2003Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois

College of Engineering, 2003Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE), 2006

Pramod ViswanathFaculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER)


Petros G. VoulgarisResearch Initiation Award, National Science Foundation,

1993Young Investigator Award, U.S. Office of Naval Research,

1995Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois


Benjamin W. WahFellow, American Association for the Advancement of

Science (AAAS)Fellow, Association for Computing MachineryFellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)Fellow, Society for Design and Process ScienceUniversity Scholar, University of Illinois, 1989IEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-1992Fujitsu Visiting Chair Professor on Intelligence

Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1992Editor in Chief, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and

Data Engineering, 1993-1996Associate Editor-in-Chief, Information Sciences, 1993-McKay Visiting Professorship, University of California,

Berkeley, 1994Second Vice President, IEEE Computer Society, 1998First Vice President Elect, IEEE Computer Society, 1998Robert T. Chien Professor of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, University of Illinois, 1999-2003IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000President, IEEE Computer Society, 2001

136

Sun Yun-suan Honorary Chair Professor, NationalTsinghua University, 2002

Raymond T. Yeh Life Time Achievement Award, Societyfor Design and Process Science, 2003

Franklin Woeltge Professor of Electrical and ComputerEngineering, University of Illinois, 2004-

First Prize, Suboptimal Temporal Metric Track, FourthIntel Planning Competition, 2004

Best Paper Award, IEEE International Conference onTools for Artificial Intelligence, 2005

W. Wallace-McDowell Medal, IEEE Computer Society,2006

Martin WongInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

CAD Transactions Best Paper Award, 2000IBM Faculty Award, 2000, 2004David Bruton Centennial Professor in Computer Sciences,

University of Texas at Austin, 2001Best-of-20-Years ICCAD Paper, 2002IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, 2005-

137

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