SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY FOR CITIES AND REGIONS 2-DAY WORKSHOP ORGANIZED BY EU PROJECT ENDURANCE

AND THE REGIONAL STUDIES ASSOCIATION

5-6 June 2014, Thessaloniki

STRATEGY MODELS FOR INTELLIGENT CITIES: PROFILES AND CASE STUDIES

Margarita Angelidou (mangelidou@urenio.org) Nicos Komninos (komninos@urenio.org)

URENIO Research Unit Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

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Purpose: • to discuss different strategic paths towards the development of smart/

intelligent cities Outline: • What are intelligent cities? Why study intelligent cities?

• Classification 1: area of focus

• Classification 2: level of stakeholder involvement

• Classification 3: area of application

• Concluding thoughts & discussion

Intro: Purpose & Outline

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Smart cities represent a conceptual urban development model on the basis of the utilization of human, collective, and technological capital for the enhancement of development and prosperity in urban agglomerations.

Smart / intelligent cities are expected to help policy makers address these challenges:

sustain the knowledge economy in developed countries

offer solutions to rapid urbanization in developing countries

However, to date most smart / intelligent city solutions have had limited impact on competitiveness, employment, and sustainability of cities:

smart cities are not well targeted on city challenges

solutions are more market push than demand driven

Intro: Intelligent and Smart Cities

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Intro: Intelligent and Smart Cities at URENIO (www.urenio.org)

Intelligent cities at URENIO: three-layer innovation systems (Komninos, 2006).

The three layers of an intelligent city (Komninos, 2006) 4

Intelligent Nation 2015’ (iN2015): 10-year masterplan to become an intelligent island

ICT for innovation (the capacity to create, whether it is a new item or a new way of doing something), integration (the ability to harness resources and capabilities across diverse organizations and geographies, speedily and efficiently) and internationalization (the need to be well plugged into the globalized economy).

A multi-agency effort, spanning key sectors of economy, government and society: 1. Digital Media & Entertainment 2. Education and Learning 3. Financial Services 4. Government

1a. Sector-focused strategies: Singapore

5. Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences 6. Manufacturing and Logistics 7. Tourism, Hospitality & Retail

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URENIO’s proposal for Intelligent Thessaloniki is a proposal for combining ICTs and innovation in specific districts of the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, and is a fitting example of geographically-based smart city strategy.

For each district a wide range of digital applications and e-services were proposed to improve innovation and entrepreneurship.

1b. Cluster or district-focused strategies: Thessaloniki

Targeted clusters/districts:

1. Thessaloniki port

2. Central Business District and commercial center

3. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki campus

4. Eastern Thessaloniki technology district

5. Airport area

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In Stockholm environmental and information technology are used throughout the city’s infrastructure, with the purpose of creating an flourishing ecosystem that involves the inhabitants, the private industry and the public sector and fosters a dynamic local economy.

Kista Science City: major ICT center. Over 1,000 technology vendors (e.g. Ericsson, Microsoft, IBM), universities and research institutions > knowledge and innovation economy

Clean technology industry, IT&electronics industry > green & high-tech economy

Stokab (publicly owned company) builds, runs and maintains Stockholm’s fiber optic network and leases connections to the network. Intranet for municipal services: administrative, education, culture > broadband economy

1c. Smart infrastructure-focused strategies: Stockholm

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A strategy for the smart city of Rio, implemented by the City of Rio in consortium with IBM.

IBM’s showcase of a ‘Smarter City’ software.

Instrumentation of the urban environment with sensors and cameras that monitor the city’s functions (safety and transport). All data are directed to a cross-domain operations center that runs on IBM’s analytics software. Through this centrally-managed system, data streams enable the continuous monitoring, prediction and reaction to events and trends that affect the city.

2a. Top-down strategy: Rio de Janeiro

Stakeholders were engaged neither in the Strategy Design nor the Strategy Implementation process.

IBM’ conceptual model of a Cross-domain operations center (Kehoe, 2011)

IBM’ analytics software for cities

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New York Digital Roadmap (USA): A demand-driven strategy, formed by a 90-day research which was conducted with the engagement of residents, city employees and technologists.

2b. Bottom-up strategy: New York City

Stakeholders were engaged both in the Strategy Design and the Strategy Implementation process.

The study commenced with a thorough assessment of the initial state of the city’s digital status and the number of public servants that are occupied in these fields.

It proceeded to a research study, which was conducted with the engagement of residents, city employees (300.000 from 52 agencies) and technologists, through 4,000 points of engagement. This phase had as an objective the determination of the demand for specific improvements and solutions that would enhance the digital status of the city.

The study culminated in the formation of New York City’s Digital Road Map, which highlights New York City government’s commitment to technology in the public service, and presents a comprehensive plan to achieve New York City’s digital potential.

The pillars of NY city’s digital strategy

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In 2011, a massive restructuring of the City of Barcelona’s administration resulted to the Urban Habitat (the "Smart City") department which coordinates issues of the metropolitan area, infrastructure, ICT, Urban Services, Urban Planning, environment, housing, architecture, energy and water. The Urban Habitat department devised the smart city strategy, which includes more than 100 horizontal projects.

2c. Top-down and Bottom-up mix: Barcelona

Stakeholder engagement only in the Strategy Implementation but not in the Strategy Design process.

A map of Barcelona showing places that are being digitally and/or physically remodeled by the department of ‘Urban Habitat’ in the context of the smart city strategy.

Stakeholder engagement is a fundamental dimension of the smart city strategy implementation, realized though ubiquitous connectivity, open data and urban labs, which encourage citizens to be more active and participative. Main Barcelona Smart City components: 1. Smart Districts (22@Barcelona District etc..) 2. Numerous Living Lab initiatives 3. Infrastructure (fiber optical network, Wi-Fi

network, sensor network) 4. New public services for citizens 5. Open public data

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A proposal by ABB & European House Ambrosetti (2012) for Italy to become a smarter country through the development of an array of smart cities in Italy. The proposed strategy comprises 7 sub-proposals: Overall strategy for Italy, Smartness governance, Italian Smart City Innovation Partnerships, ‘Smartest Cities’ award based on a common model, Fine-tuning existing initiatives, Short-term quick wins, 10% increase in 5 years of the ‘really free’ time of Italians.

3a. Country level: Italy

ABB & European House-Ambrosetti’s (2012) conceptual model of the ‘Smart Country’ 11

The Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) is a technopole project launched by the Malaysian Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir Mohamad in 1996. Its purpose is to accelerate the Malaysian innovation and knowledge economy and forge a Malaysian ‘Information Society’. It was heralded as Asia’s ‘Silicon Valley’. Foreign multimedia companies were expected to settle in the MSC, occupying Malaysian and foreign workers and contributing to the development of a world-class IT cluster. In turn, positive multiplier effects would benefit the entire country by fermenting a culture of innovation and boosting the Malaysian economy on the global scale. The MSC stretches on a 15x50 km rectangular area linking Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) with Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). It includes two planned cities: - Cyberjaya (intelligent city for local and foreign high-technology companies) - Putrajaya (the new electronic Federal Government Administrative Centre)

3b. Regional level: Multimedia Super Corridor – Malaysia

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Masdar City (United Arab Emirates): Masdar City is a US$18-US$19 billion smart city built from scratch, located 17 km east-south-east of the city of Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates on an area of 6km2. At full build-out by 2025, the city is expected to have 40.000 residents and 50.000 commuters.

The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology and will be car free. In this city cutting-edge cleantech research and development, pilot projects, technology and materials testing, and construction on some of the world’s most sustainable buildings will take place. Major technology and development partners include Siemens, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, GE, Schneider Electric, BASF, Bayer MaterialScience, etc.

3c. City level: Masdar)

Aerial view University Campus Personal Rapid Transit System 13

3d. Neighborhood level: Amsterdam

Amsterdam Smart City is a partnership among businesses, authorities, research institutions, and the people of Amsterdam, today comprising over 70 partners, including CISCO and IBM.

The program involves 54 area-based projects across Amsterdam’s neighborhoods, focusing on energy transition and open connectivity. These projects are initially tested in a small scale and the ones that prove to be efficient are scaled in broader areas. Up to today, this has led to a multitude of successful projects, in the fields of smart education, smart transport, smart grid, smart metering and smart electrical vehicle charging.

A map depicting the location of the 54 projects of the Amsterdam Smart City 14

Final Thoughts & Discussion

A range of benefits and shortcomings for each strategic choice. Every smart city strategy, regardless of its classification, should be focused towards enhancing information and therefore knowledge and innovation on the physical, digital or institutional space. To achieve this, emphasis should be placed on:

• Locally adapted solutions

• Stakeholder engagement

• Political and moral balance

• Small-scale integrated projects

• Synergies and prioritization

• Innovative business models

• Organizational reforms

• Learning and skill development

• Dynamics of innovation and innovative thinking

REFERENCES:

ABB & European House-Ambrosetti. 2012. Smart Cities in Italy: an opportunity in the spirit of the Renaissance for a new quality of life

Kehoe, M., Cosgrove, M., Gennaro, S. D., Harrison, C., Harthoorn, W., Hogan, J., Meegan, J., Nesbitt, P. & Peters, C. 2011. Smarter Cities Series: A Foundation for Understanding IBM Smarter Cities. IBM Corporation.

Komninos, N. 2006. The Architecture of Intelligent Cities. 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Environments, Institution of Engineering and Technology, 5-6 July 2006. Athens.

Komninos, N. & Tsarchopoulos, P. (2012). Towards Intelligent Thessaloniki: from an agglomeration of apps to smart districts. Journal of Knowledge Economy, 4(2), 149-168

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of interest: T-TRANS

European Community FP7 research project T-TRANS ‘(Enhancing the transfer of Intelligent Transportation System innovations to the market’). The aim of T-TRANS is to explore the mechanisms that facilitate the transfer of innovative ITS products and services to the market as well as the routes that are used to this end. T-TRANS: Accession of the current situation of EU transport and ITS research. Public available:

- ITS State of the art assessment - Integrated report on Intelligent Transport Systems policy support

Provision of best practices and guidelines for strategies in ITS innovation commercialization

Setting up the basis for the European ITS e-innovation network. Join the network at http:///www.ttransnetwork.eu/

T-TRANS Network: 56 entities from 9 EU countries 17

FIND OUT MORE:

URENIO’s portal: www.urenio.org

New book on intelligent cities: Komninos, N (2014). “The Age of Intelligent Cities: Smart Environments and Innovation-for-all Strategies”, Routledge

Thank you for your attention!

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