SOʻZ TURKUMLARI VA ULARNING XUSUSIYATLARI
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Transcript of SOʻZ TURKUMLARI VA ULARNING XUSUSIYATLARI
649
Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
SOʻZ TURKUMLARI VA ULARNING XUSUSIYATLARI
Nurullayeva Nodirabegim Sheraliyevna
BuxDU Pedagogika instituti talabasi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6589449
ANNOTATSIYA. Ushbu maqolada grammatikaning tarmog‘i bo‘lmish morfologiya, so‘z
turkumlari va ularning sifatlari haqida so‘z yuritilgan bo‘lib, grammatik vositalarning alohida
ma’nolari ifodalangan.
Kalit so‘zlar: morfologiya, ot, fe’l, sifat, son, olmosh, ravish, yordamchi so‘z turkumlari,
taqlid so‘zlar, undov so‘zlar.
Soʻzlarning lugʻaviy va grammatik maʼno jihatdan o‘xshashligiga koʻra ayrim leksik grammatik
munosabatga kirishadi. Soʻzlarni turkumlarga ajratish ularni grammatik maʼnolari bilan bir
qatorda, lugʻaviy maʼnosi ham asosiy belgilardan hisoblanadi.Ham grammatik ham leksik manoga
ega boʼlgan soʻz turkumlari kiradi. Gapda mustaqil sintaktik boʼlak sifatida ishtirok etadigan
soʻzlar mustaqil soʻzlar deyiladi. Mustaqil soʻzlarga: ot, sifat, son, olmosh kiradi.
Shuni ham taʼkidlash joizki, tilimizdagi baʼzi mustaqil soʻzlar ham nutq jarayonida oʻzini
mustaqil jarayonini yoʻqotib grammatik maʼno ifodalashga xislangan boʻladi.Bu hodisa
tilshunoslikda grammatikalizatsiya deb yuritiladi. M: koʻrib qolmoq,bilib qolmoq,hafta ichi kabi
soʻzlarda qol, ich kabi soʻzlarda oʻzining mustaqil maʼnosini yoʻqotgan holda yordamchi soʼzlarda
qoʻllanadi.
Mustaqil leksik manoga ega boʻlmaydigan gap boʻlagi vazifasini bajaraolmaydigan biroq soʻz
va gaplarni oʻzaro bogʻlash yoki ularga qoʻshimcha mano nozikligi kiritish uchun xizmat qiladigan
soʻzlar jumlasiga kiradi.
Yordamchi soʻzlar umumiy vazifalarga koʻra uch guruhga boʻlinadi.
1) koʻmakchi, 2) bogʻlovchi, 3) yuklama
Bevosita ot oʻrnida qoʻllanuvchi. Xususan ism guruhiga mansub M: Men,hech kim, hech nima
oʻz olmoshlari har doim birgalikda ishlatiladi.
Fe’lning harakat nomi shakllari ham xususan birlikda ishlatiladigan soʻzlardandir.
Olmoshning boshqa turlari birlik va koʻplikda ishlatilishi mumkin.M: sen, senlar u - ular,siz - sizlar,
kim - kimlar kabi .Bu olmshlardan baʼzilari lar affiksi qoʻshilganda ular turli mano nozikliklarini
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Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
anglatadi. Ism guruhiga mansub sifat, sifat oʻrnida ishlatiladigan olmoshlar va bazi ravishlar va
felning sifatdosh shakli kabi soʻzlarga lar qoʻshimchasi otlashish asosi grammatik son tushunchasi
yuzaga keladi.
M: yaxshilar, kattalar kabi bir qancha misollar bilan keltirsak boʻladi .
Miqdor sonlarga -lar qoʻshimchasi qoʻshilganda taxmin, chama maʼnosi qoʻllanadi.
M: Soat ikkilarda uchrashamiz.
Koʻplik affiksi feʼllarda ham koʻp qoʻllanadi. Soʻz turkumlari doirasida juda ham yorqin tarzda
qoʻshimchalar qoʻllanadi. Koʻplik affiksi feʼllarda qoʻlanganda birlik maʼnosi tushuniladi. M:
bordilar - borishdi.
Muayyan narsaning uch shaxsdan biriga taniqli ekanini anglatuvchi umumiy manolar va
ularning lugʻaviy maʼnosini bildiruvchi soʻzlarga aytiladi
Egalik affiksatsiyasi unli bilan soʻz va soʻz turkumlari shakillariga qoʻshilib kelishi mumkin.
Demak, egalik affiksatsiyasida angkashilgan birlik va koʻplik tushunchasi narsaga emas balki
soʻzlovchi, tinglovchi oʻzga kabi grammatik shaxslarga dahldor.
Egalik affiksi grammatik maʼno bilan birga son maʼnosini ham ifodalaydi.
M: Kitob - kitobi, Kitob - kitobing, Kitob - kitoblari
Egalik affiksatsiya ot va otdan boshqa soʻzlar bilan qoʻlanganda quyidagi xususiyatlarga ega.
1) Oʻzakka egalik qoʻshimchalari qoʻshish bilan tovush ortishi.
2)Egalik affiksatsiyasi 1va 2 shaxda birgalik maʼnosida kelishi.
3) Egalik qoʻshimchalari otdan boshqa qoʻshimchalarga qoʻshilib keladi.
4) Egalik qoʻshimchalari oʻzi qoʻshilgan sana bilan birga boshqa qoʻshimchalar bilan bogʻlanib
keladi.
Egalik kategoryalariga xos 1-, 2-shaxs affiksi soʻz yasovchi va soʻz oʻzgartirivchi bazi
qoʻshimchalar bilan shakldoshlik hosil qiladi.
a) egalik va ot yasovchi qoʻshimcha M: Bola + M bolam
b) birinchi shaxs birlik M: ota+ otam, aka+ akam
Egalik yoki niki affik 2 shaxs birligi va qaratqich kelishigi men, sen olmoshlariga qoʻshilganida
mening sening
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Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
Biroq bunday holda egalik affikslari oʻzi qoʻshilib kelgan otga almashiniladi.
Otning boshqa soʻzlar bilan sintaktik munosabatini koʻrsatuvchi manolar va shu maʼnoni
ifodalovchi shaklar tizimi kelishik kategoriyasi deb yuritiladi.
Otning kelishik kategoryasini olib oʻzgarishi tuslanish deyiladi. Kelishik affikslari esa turlanish
deyiladi
Turlovchilar affiksal morfemalarning soʻz oʻzgartiruvchi qoʻshimchasiga kiradi.Soʻz
oʻzgartiruvchi( sintaktik shakl yasovchi) sirasiga mansub .
Oʻzbek tilida oltita kelishik mavjud boʻlib ularning turlari alohida vazifa bajarib keladi.
Makon zamon kelishiklar ham bazan oʻrin payt kelishiklarida qoʻllanib kelaoladi. Oʻrin va
chiqish kelishiklari ham bazan boshqa soʻzlar bilan qoʻshilib kela oladi. M: Otdan baland, itdan
past, uyat oʻlimdan qattiq, xalqimga aziz.
Ушбу мақолада ўқув луғатларининг умумий луғатлардан нафақат ҳажми, балки ундаги
сўзларнинг танланиш мезонлари, луғат қисмларининг таркиби, жойлашуви –
мегаструктураси билан ҳам фарқланиши, синоним ўқув луғатлар луғат мақоласи
таркибида лексикографик пометалар (турли қисқартмалар, белгилар)га кам ўрин
берилганлиги муҳокама қилинади.1
This article is dedicated to the research of Adjusted meanings of Moral-spiritual concept
defining units in the Uzbek language. And also analyzed the semantic analysis of grammatical
shape lexemes of specialized meaning and provide a corresponding recommendation for
lexicographical practice in the Uzbek language is one of the actual challenges of linguistics as
today's challenge.2
Корпус лингвистикасида семантик разметка, унинг теглар тизими, тег категориялари,
семантик теглаш муамммолари, кўпмаънолилик ва омонимлик муаммосини ечиш
масаласига оид қатор тадқиқотлар вужудга келган.3
1 Гуландом Mирханова. (2022). СИНОНИМ СЎЗЛАР ЎҚУВ ЛУҒАТИНИНГ УМУМИЙ ТУЗИЛИШИ. Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali, 1(2), 172–178. Retrieved from http://2ndsun.uz/index.php/yt/article/view/90 2 Gulbahor, T. (2016). Adjusted Meanings of Moral-Spiritual Concept Defining Units. ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, 5(7), 40-45. 3 Ахмедова, Д. (2020). Семантик разметка тизимида тег гуруҳлари. Oriental Art and Culture, (III), 440-444.
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Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
The article discusses the research methods of Uzbek language syntax. In Uzbek linguistics,
syntactic phenomena have been studied in detail since the 1930s, and several syntactic theories
have emerged in this regard.4
The article examines the first dictionary in the Turkish language Mahmud Kashgaris “Devonu
lugotit turk” in terms of a dictionary in accordance with the traditions of world lexicography and
argues that it is the first appearance of modern complex dictionaries in the Turkish (Uzbek)
language.5
Now studying scientific heritage, socio-political activities and acquaintance youth charity of
our above-stated ancestors is considered one of the main urgent objectives of the modern
intellectuals.6
This article covers the main place of small business and business in todays market economy.
Including scientifically analyzed the development of small business and business, and the legal
basis, at this time financially support small business and business, the latter is amended and the
rules for this branch of national legislation are added.7
Мамлакатимиз тараққиётининг янги босқичида жамият ҳаётининг асосий негизи
бўлмиш оилалар барқарор муҳитини мустаҳкамлаш ва бу масалаларда хотин-қизларнинг
ўрни ва аҳамияти ошириш долзарб аҳамият касб этмоқда. Юртимиз аҳолисининг тенг
ярмига яқинроғини ташкил этадиган хотин-қизлар жамиятнинг барча соҳаларида
самарали фаолият юритмоқда.8
In this article are given the importance, role, types of the family in modern society. Its
development from ancient times till present is widely described in this article.9
4 Ergashevna, Y. N. (2021). ON METHODS OF RESEARCH OF UZBEK LANGUAGE SYNTAX. Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 9(11), 22-28. 5 Bakhriddinova, B. M. (2020). “DEVONU LUGOTIT TURK” AS A FIRST VIEW OF MODERN COMPLEX EDUCATIONAL DICTIONARIES. Theoretical & Applied Science, (4), 981-985. 6 Tolibjonovich, M. T. (2021). EASTERN RENAISSANCE AND ITS CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE VIEW OF FOREIGN RESEARCHERS. ResearchJet Journal of Analysis and Inventions, 2(05), 211-215. 7 Tolibjonovich, Madumarov T., and Gulomjonov O. R. Ogli. "Lombard Microcredit Organization Its Concept and Its Importance Today." JournalNX, vol. 6, no. 10, 2020, pp. 109-111. 8 Мадумарова Зиёдахон. (2022). ЯНГИЛАНАЁТГАН ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ГЕНДЕР МУАММОЛАРИНИ БАРТАРАФ ЭТИШДА АХЛОҚИЙ ҚАДРИЯТЛАРНИНГ ЎРНИ. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6569712 9 Nasriddinovich, A. A. (2020). THE FEATURES OF APPEARING FAMILY IN MODERN SOCIETY. European science review, (3-4), 69-72.
653
Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
The widespread introduction of new pedagogical technologies in teaching students of higher
educational institutions and the effective use of innovative technologies are the main support for
improving the quality of education.10
The article describes in detail the basics of translation theory, the object of research, and the
methods of analysis of translation theory. Opinions on the importance of translation among
different peoples, the concept of translation, and its types are discussed. However, various
examples of translation types are given.11
The aim of the present study was to determine whether an association exists between the du
ration of menopause and the age of menopause onset, and the differences in bone mineral densit
y (BMD) in postmenopausal women.12
This article analyzes how Somerset Maugham’s short story “A Friend in Need” skillfully
reflects the power and value of true friendship using ethical concepts such as goodness, kindness,
justice, and compassion, which are sacred to each of us.13
The article considers the correlation of the real facts and imagination in “Tamburlaine the
Great” by Christopher Marlowe.14
This article discusses an attitude to women in the past and the interpretation of the image of
women in the works of some writers.15
В современном обществе все более возрастает роль иностранных языков.
Знание иностранного языка дает молодежи возможность приобщиться к мировой
10 Jamoliddinovich, U. B. (2022). FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATION QUALITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact factor: 7.429, 11(01), 149-151. 11 Gafurovna, R. Z. (2021). Translation Theory: Object of Research and Methods of Analysis. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 24(2), 35-40. 12 Najmutdinova, D. K., Nurmukhamedova, L. S., Alieva, D. A., Maksudova, D. S., & Nosirova, Z. A. (2016). Study of the effects of the age at menopause and duration of menopause on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Uzbekistan. International Journal of Biomedicine, 6(1), 38-40. 13 Pulatova Sabina. (2022). THE REVELATION OF VIRTUE THROUGH EVIL IN THE SHORT STORY “A FRIEND IN NEED” BY WILLIAM SOMERSET MAUGHAM. Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali, 1(2), 240–244. Retrieved from http://2ndsun.uz/index.php/yt/article/view/100 14 Temirovna, M. P. (2021). THE CORRELATION OF HISTORICAL TRUTH AND IMAGINATION IN CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE’S TRAGEDY “TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT”. Web of Scientist: International Scientific Research Journal, 2(12), 455-457. 15 Muradovich, R. M. (2021). The Image of a Woman in The Work of Uzbek Writers. Eurasian Research Bulletin, 3, 7-12.
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Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
культуре, использовать в своей деятельности потенциал обширных ресурсов глобальной
сети Интернет, а также работать с информационными и коммуникационными
технологиями и мультимедийными средствами обучения.16
This article deals with the heroes of the novel “Between Two Doors”, one of the most popular
works of modern Uzbek literature. There is a comprehensive analysis of the female image. A
special place in the work of Utkir Khashimov is occupied by the novel “Between Two Doors”. The
writer is concerned not only with the pressing social issues of today, but with eternal moral
problems. In particular, by calling “Between Two Doors”, the writer means the path of person,
which he walked from birth to death.17
Har bir millat madaniyatida kasallik nomlarini ifodalovchi qarashlar mavjud bo’lib ular shu
xalq dunyoqarashini, dinini, urf-odatlarini, turmush tarzini va tarixini o’zida mujassamlashtiradi.
Xususan, o’zbek va ingliz xalqi amaliy nutqida rak, sil, vabo kabi xavfli kasalliklar nomi qadimda
tabulashtirilgan, bunga tarixiy sabablar mavjud. Hozirgi kunda ularning davosi topilgan bo’lsada,
xalqimiz “yomon xastalik”,” og’ir dard”,” yomon kasallik” kabi birikmalarni qo’llash bilan
kifoyalanadi.18
Badiiy adabiyotning qamrov darajasi keng sanaladi. Zero undagi janrlarning har biri
insonning kamoloti uchun xizmat qiladi.19
В данной статье сопоставление диккенсовской концепции детства и концепции
детства в произведениях Достоевского.20
16 Махмурова, М., Абдуллаева, Л. С., & Самадова, С. А. Современные методы преподавания иностранных языков. Коммуникативный метод. Наука. Мысль, 6, 72-76. 17 Turaeva, K., & Zarinabonu, A. (2022). Interpretation Of Woman Image in Modern Uzbek Literature (Based on Utkir Khashimov’s Book “Between Two Doors”). Eurasian Research Bulletin, 4, 42-44. 18 Baxronova Matluba. (2022). RUHIY KASALLIKLARNING INGLIZ ADABIYOTIDA BERILISHI. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6509637 19 Oripova Kamola. (2022). O’ZBEK VA FRANSUZ TILLARIDAGI MAQOLLARDA JON KONSEPTINING IFODALANISHI. Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali, 1(3), 398–408. Retrieved from http://2ndsun.uz/index.php/yt/article/view/209 20 Тухтаева, Ф. И., & Ҳамроева, Ш. Ш. (2019). Сопоставление диккенсовской концепции детства и концепции детства в произведениях Достоевского. Мировая наука, (5), 709-713.
655
Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
В настоящее время глобальной социальной опасностью является угроза обнищания
населения. Безработица, экономическая и социальная нестабильность, несбыточность
надежд, крушение планов интенсифицируют процесс маргинализация населения. 21
The relevance of speech and culture in the present day is considered important in linguistics
and its areas of study are becoming more and more comprehensive day by day. This article will
highlight the important aspects of the study of culture and national characteristics in the study of
modern units of oral speech. Currently, English is widely spoken in the world community. It is the
language of Advanced Science and technology, trade and cultural relations, trade and business.22
The article is dedicated to the description of Uzbek national children’s clothes of the past
centuries and its modern implementation. Article describes types of clothes, its designation and
modern usage.23
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1. Гуландом Mирханова. (2022). СИНОНИМ СЎЗЛАР ЎҚУВ ЛУҒАТИНИНГ УМУМИЙ
ТУЗИЛИШИ. Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali, 1(2), 172–178. Retrieved from
http://2ndsun.uz/index.php/yt/article/view/90
2. Gulbahor, T. (2016). Adjusted Meanings of Moral-Spiritual Concept Defining
Units. ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American
Studies, 5(7), 40-45.
3. Ахмедова, Д. (2020). Семантик разметка тизимида тег гуруҳлари. Oriental Art
and Culture, (III), 440-444.
4. Ergashevna, Y. N. (2021). ON METHODS OF RESEARCH OF UZBEK LANGUAGE
SYNTAX. Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 9(11), 22-28.
21 Суяров, З. Э. (2021). СОЦИАЛЬНО-ФИЛОСОФСКОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ БЕДНОСТИ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ. Academic research in educational sciences, 2(12), 1175-1182. 22 NARZIYEVA, I. Z. (2021, March). COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CULTURAL AND NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN UNITS OF ORAL SPEECH (based on Uzbek and English language materials). In E-Conference Globe (pp. 285-289). 23 Kadirova, N. A. (2020). UZBEK NATIONAL CHILDRENS CLOTHING AND ITS EVOLUTION. Theoretical & Applied Science, (6), 155-157.
656
Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
5. Bakhriddinova, B. M. (2020). “DEVONU LUGOTIT TURK” AS A FIRST VIEW OF
MODERN COMPLEX EDUCATIONAL DICTIONARIES. Theoretical & Applied Science, (4), 981-985.
6. Tolibjonovich, M. T. (2021). EASTERN RENAISSANCE AND ITS CULTURAL HERITAGE:
THE VIEW OF FOREIGN RESEARCHERS. ResearchJet Journal of Analysis and Inventions, 2(05),
211-215.
7. Tolibjonovich, Madumarov T., and Gulomjonov O. R. Ogli. "Lombard Microcredit
Organization Its Concept and Its Importance Today." JournalNX, vol. 6, no. 10, 2020, pp. 109-111.
8. Мадумарова Зиёдахон. (2022). ЯНГИЛАНАЁТГАН ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ГЕНДЕР
МУАММОЛАРИНИ БАРТАРАФ ЭТИШДА АХЛОҚИЙ ҚАДРИЯТЛАРНИНГ ЎРНИ.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6569712
9. Nasriddinovich, A. A. (2020). THE FEATURES OF APPEARING FAMILY IN MODERN
SOCIETY. European science review, (3-4), 69-72.
10. Jamoliddinovich, U. B. (2022). FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATION QUALITY IN HIGHER
EDUCATION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact factor: 7.429, 11(01), 149-151.
11. Gafurovna, R. Z. (2021). Translation Theory: Object of Research and Methods of
Analysis. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 24(2), 35-40.
12. Najmutdinova, D. K., Nurmukhamedova, L. S., Alieva, D. A., Maksudova, D. S., &
Nosirova, Z. A. (2016). Study of the effects of the age at menopause and duration of menopause on
bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Uzbekistan. International Journal of
Biomedicine, 6(1), 38-40.
13. Pulatova Sabina. (2022). THE REVELATION OF VIRTUE THROUGH EVIL IN THE
SHORT STORY “A FRIEND IN NEED” BY WILLIAM SOMERSET MAUGHAM. Yosh Tadqiqotchi
Jurnali, 1(2), 240–244. Retrieved from http://2ndsun.uz/index.php/yt/article/view/100
14. Temirovna, M. P. (2021). THE CORRELATION OF HISTORICAL TRUTH AND
IMAGINATION IN CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE’S TRAGEDY “TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT”. Web of
Scientist: International Scientific Research Journal, 2(12), 455-457.
15. Muradovich, R. M. (2021). The Image of a Woman in The Work of Uzbek
Writers. Eurasian Research Bulletin, 3, 7-12.
657
Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali
ISSN: 2181-3132 Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)
scientific journal impact factor 4.7
16. Махмурова, М., Абдуллаева, Л. С., & Самадова, С. А. Современные методы
преподавания иностранных языков. Коммуникативный метод. Наука. Мысль, 6, 72-76.
17. Turaeva, K., & Zarinabonu, A. (2022). Interpretation Of Woman Image in Modern
Uzbek Literature (Based on Utkir Khashimov’s Book “Between Two Doors”). Eurasian Research
Bulletin, 4, 42-44.
18. Baxronova Matluba. (2022). RUHIY KASALLIKLARNING INGLIZ ADABIYOTIDA
BERILISHI. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6509637
19. Oripova Kamola. (2022). O’ZBEK VA FRANSUZ TILLARIDAGI MAQOLLARDA JON
KONSEPTINING IFODALANISHI. Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali, 1(3), 398–408. Retrieved from
http://2ndsun.uz/index.php/yt/article/view/209
20. Тухтаева, Ф. И., & Ҳамроева, Ш. Ш. (2019). Сопоставление диккенсовской
концепции детства и концепции детства в произведениях Достоевского. Мировая наука,
(5), 709-713.
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