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FOREWORD

Theimportanceofanadequatesupplyofusablewaterineveryconrmunitycanhardlybeoveremphasized.Theconsurrl-ptionofwaterhasincreasedinrecentdecades-andisstillincreasingasaconsequenceofgrowthinworldpopulation,thewideruseofirrigationtoimproveug,i"ul**tproductionandrapidexpansionofindustrializa-tion. Furthermore, as a .Jnr"qu"n." of human activities, the number of traditionally

exploitedwaterbodieswhicharecontaminatedhasalsobecomeSfeatef.Tomeettheever-increasingdemands'carefulevaluationandmanagementof

waterresourcesareessentiat.NucteartechniquesusingisotopesareprecisemoderntoolsforStudyingwaterresources.Theycanprovidesolutionstotheproblemoftheorigin, distribution and properties of water in-a given region' especially when they

are used in combination *itr, otrr", tools available to hydrologists, hydrogeologists

and geochemists.

Modern isotopic research is based' on the one hand' on the discovery by

W.F.Libbyinlg46ofthenaturalabundanceofcarbon.l4andtritiumand,ontheother,onH.C.Urey'sexperimentalandtheoreticalworkconcerningthefractiona-tion effects for stable isotopes, which appeared in 1947. Although the first publica-

dons on the natural abundance of isotofes in water appeared within a few years, it

was not until the nineteen-sixties that isotope hydrology became a distinct field of

research.Soon after its establishment in 1957, the International Atomic Energy Agency

entered the field or upfii.utirn of isotope techniques to hydrological problems, in a

periodwhendevelopmentsinthisareawererapidlyoccurring.TheinvolvementoftheAgencywithisotopehydrologyisconne-ctedwiththenameofBryanR.Payne.He retired, after being a staff m#ber for 27 yeats' as head of the IAEA Section of

Isotope Hydrology at the end of 1986. In a special contribution to this symposium

byJ.R.Gat,atribute*"sp"iotohimonbehalfoftheparticipantsforhisworkinisotope hYdrologY.

This Symposium on the Use of Isotope Techniques in- {ater Resources

Development, which took place in Vienna from 30 March to 3 April 1987' was

organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency jointly with the United Nations

Educational,scientificandCulturalorganization.Thefactthatthisistheseventhsymposium on this subject organized by the Agency reflects how useful a tool isotope

hydrologY has become.

Thecontentsoftheseproceedingsillustratethefactthatisotopehydrologyhasbecome mature: a substantial number of the papers are concerned with the solution

ofpractical hydrological problems' It is' however' also encouraging' as rePorted in

several papers, that the development ofnew nuclear techniques is enabling the appli-cation of isotopes other than those used so far in hydrology.

These proceedings contain the papers of 4l oral and the extended synopses of40 poster presentations. It is hoped that they will contribute to progress in isotopehydrology.

EDITORIAL NOTE

The papen and discussions luve been edited by the editorial smfi of thz Intenatiotwl AtomicEnergy Agency to the enew considered necessary for the reader's assistorce. Thc vieyys eqressed. andthe geneml sryle adopted remain, however, the responsibiliry of rte named awtun or participants. Inaddition, the iews are not necessarily those of the governments of the nominating Menber Staes orof the nominating organizaions.

The ue in these Proceedings of panicular designations of cowtries or tenitorics does rct implyany judgenunt by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal sutru of such cowtries or terriaies, of theirauthoities and hstitntions or of the delimiution ol thcir boundaries.

The mention of specific cottpanics or of tleir pro&as or brand names bes not irtply anyendorsement or recotunendation on the pan ofthe IAEA.

Awhars are thenselves responsible fur obuining the necessary permksion o reprduce apyigtunaterial from other sources.

;hniques is enabling the appli-

rology.and the extended synopses ofrtribute to progress in isotoPe

,rial snfr of the lntemational Atomici assistance. The views eqressed andtlu naned awhors or panicipants. Inof the nominating Member States or

nwtries or territories does not implyf such cowtries or tenitories, of theirties.or brand nanncs does not impty any

zry permission to reproduce copyright

(rAEA-SM-299 t95) ......

CONTENTS

THERMAL WATER STUDIES (Session I)

Caract6risation isotopique des eaux thermomin6rales des Alpes du

nord franco-italiennes (IAEA-SM-299/5 1)

J. Dary, M. Droy, C. Jttsserand, M' Pasqrnlono' G'M' Ztppi

Hydrology of Rotorua geothermal aquifer, New Zealand

3

25

47

C.B. Taylor, M.K. Stewan

GeochemistryofthermalfluidsintheYangbajainarca(Tibet/china)(rAEA-SM-299t136)F. Piovesana, G. Scatdifio, K. Zteng, G'M' Ztppi

GROLINDWATER DATING (Session II)

Field study on the initial raC content as a limiting factor in r4C

groundwater dating (IAEA-SM-299/38)

H. Ddn, C. Sonntag, W. Regenberg

Isotopic and geochemical srudies investigating the genesis of carbon

isotope content in young groundwaters (rAEA-SM-299/43)

L. EichingerGroundwatei dating with helium isotopes (IAEA-SM-29914)

S.M. Weise, H. Moser

Simulation du transport du carbone 14 du CITD dans les aquifOres

captifs par rme approche convectodispersive (AEA-SM-299/68)

J.-M. Garnier

Silicon-32 in different aquifer types and implications for

groundwater dating (IAEA'SM-299172)

K. Frohlich, T. Fru*e, R. Gellermann,

. 105

73

87

rn

149

167

D. Hebert, H. Jordart

IfYDROLOGY OF ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS (Session III)

ModernandfossilgroundwaterinanaridenviroDment:alookatthehydrogeolory of southern Oman (IAEA-SM-299/15)

t.O. darn, P. Fitz, O.P. Quinn, P'W' Rippon' H'

SaWid Barghash bin Ghalib al Said

Nash,

Groundwater evaporation from East Saharian depressions by means

of deuterium and oxygen-l8 in soil moisfirre (IAEA-SM-299137)

D. Christrnann, C. Sonntag

Sources of recharge to the basal Nubian sandstone aquifer,

189

Butana region, Sudan (AEA'SM-299lll7) 205

W.G. Darling, W.M. Edmwds, D.G. Kinniburgh, S. Kotoub

Stable isotopic composition of groundwater of central Californiaas an indicator of mid-Pleistocene tectonic evolution(rAEA-SM-29n2r) ...225G.H. Davis, T.B. Coplen

Evaporative enrichment of deuterium and rtO in arid zone irrigation(IAEA-SM-299|r25) 241

H.J. Simpson, M.S. Harnza,.I.W.C. White, A. Nada, M.A. Awad.

Oxygen-I8 and deuterium distribution in rainfall, runoff and groundwater

in a small semi-arid basin: the Aravaipa Valley in the Sonora Desert,

Arizona (IAEA-SM-2 99 I 135)

E. Adar, A. Long

FIELD STI]DIFS WTIII EI\TVIRONIMENTAL ISOTOPES(Sessions [V, V, Yf)

Isotopic geochemistry of the Engadine mineral springs of Scuol-Tarasp,

Switzerland (IAEA-SM-299 I I 13)

U. Schotterer, U. Siegenthaler, H. Oeschger, T. Riesen, I. Miiller,K. Kelts

Isotopic evidence for the different origins of the Tulum valleygroundwaters (San Juan, Argentina) (IAEA-SM-29912\ .....M.C. Albero, M. Levin, H.O. Panarello, P. Iahn, E. Garcia

Estudio isot6pico de la cuenca de Oruro-Caracollo (Bolivia)(rAEA-SM-299/11)J. Lizarazu, J.-F. Aranyossy, V. Orsag, J.C. Salazar

Estudios isotopico e hidrogeologico en el suroeste de la

Repriblica Dominicana (IAEA-SM-299/31)J.F. Febillet, E. Bueno, K.-P. Seiler, W. Stichler

Determination of the flow regime of Quaternary and Pliocene

layers in the Great Hungarian Plain (Hungary) by D, rtO, laC and

noble gas measurements (IAEA-SM-299139)

J. Dedk, M. Srute, l. Rndolph, C. Sonntag

Utilisation du tragage isotopique naturel de l'azote 15 pour la mise

en 6vidence de mdlanges dans les aquifbres complexes(rAEA-SM-299/50)

.... 317

257

277

287

301

335

......... 351

C. Joseph, B. Donille, M. Soulii, F. Touet

Mouvements de I'eau dans la zone non sahrrde et alimentation de la-

nappe de la craie de Champagne' France (IAEA-SM-299153)

P. Vachier, L. Dever, J''C' Fontes

Apports des analyses isotopiques d la connaissance de l'origine des

eaux soutenaine. a*. Ls plaines alluviales (IAEA-SM-29/61) ......."

J. Sarrot'ReYnauld

Isotopic studies on sea water intrusion and interrelations between

water bodies: some field examples 0AEA-SM'299176\

S.M. Rao, S.K. lain, S'Y' Navada' A'R' Nair' K' Shivanna

Phreatic-confined discontinuities and restricted flow in confined

groundwater systems (IAEA-SM-299/80)

E. Mazor, L- Kroitoru

Recherches isotopiques sur les eaux souterraines des formations

calcairesdanslaDobroudjamdridionale(Roumanie)(rAEA-SM-299ttu)A. lenu, F.D. Davidescu' A' Sldvescu

Environmental isotope study of the deep groundwaters in

northern Switzerland (IAEA-SM-299/ 1 t4) " " : " " " "'

367

381

403

427

439

. 455

W. Balderer, W. Rauen, W' Stichler

IsotoPic analYsis of groundwater flow systems in a wet alluvial fan,

southern NePal GAEA-SM-299/118)D.I. Siegel, D.T. Jet*ins

Isotopic investigations oi g'o"nO'""t"r in the Culde-Sac Plain' Haiti

(IAEA-SM-2ggt132)R. Gonfiantini, M' Simonot

PRECIPITATION.SURFACE'GROI.]NDWATER RELATIONSHIPS :

(IAEA-SM-299/81) ...

J.R. Gat

POLLUTION (Sessions VII and VIID

Enseignements relatifs aux performances d -une

fitiBre classique de

traitement d'eau potable iors les retombdes de l'accident de

Tchernobyl (IAEA-SM-29919) " " " "W.J. Masschelein, R' Goos'ens' H' Delville' J' Genot' R' Hallew

Runoff hydrograph unAyJs in agricultural watersheds by oxygen-l8

(IAEA-SM-299/14)i.n. kopo&o, J.C. Maninez' l' Mortatti

The isotopic composition of p'""ipitution and groundwater in Canada

(IAEA-SM-299t17)i. rrrrr, R.t. Dimmie, S'K' Frape' K' o'Shea

V"riuUitity (in time) of the isotopic composition of precipitation:

consequences regarding the isotopic composition of hydrologic systems

..... 475

483

..507

... 52r

... 539

....551

Deuterium content of European palaeowaterscomposition of fluid inclusions trapped in

as inferred from isotopiccarbonate cave deposits

(rAEA-SM-299t99)K. Rozanski, M. Dulinski

Conclusions from a ten year study of oxygen-lg inand runoffin Sweden (IAEA-SM-299fi07) ......J.O. Burgman, B. Calles, F. Westman

ARTIHCIAL TRACERS (Session D0

The use ofradioisotope tracers to identify thein a dam (IAEA-SM-29913) .........J.F. Easey, G.L. Hanna

precipitation

location of seepage areas

d€terminationsahrr€s

un exemple d'emploi

Etude comparative de deux mdthodes de traceurs pour lades paramltres hydrodynamiques des aquifAres poreux(r.AEA-SM-299t54)

B. Gaillard, P. Calmels, R. Margrita, A. Bourg, p. peaudecerf,J.-P. Sauty

A survey of applications of non-radioactive but neutron activatablegroundwarer tracers (IAEA-SM-299/123) ...IU.A. Jester, D.C. Raupach

SEDIMENT IRANSPORT (Session D

Investigation of sediment transport in the Austrian part of theDanube using environmental isotopes (IAEA_SM-Z}}[/) ....D. Rank, M. Kralik, K. Augustin-Gyuits, F. Maringer,V. Rajner, L Kurcz

Les jauges nucl6aires en dynamique sdd.imentaire:dans l'6tude du diferlemenr (IAEA-SM_2ggl57)B.F. Long, E. Hudier

Study of the evolurion of dredged material discharges by means ofradioactive tracers (IAEA-SM-2 ggl7 l)

Caillot, G. Courtois, p. Gourlez, R. Hoslin, J. Massias,G. Sauzay

On the river processes methodological approach: experience with theRiver Musone, Ialy (IAEA-SM-299/96)I. Becchi, G.S. Tazioli

F. Toh, A.M. Quesney,

69565

579

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Evolucidn isot6pica y quimica del agua subterrdnea del acuifero

protundo de Bahia Blanca (Argentina) (IAEA-SM'299/1P)

A.G. Bonorino, H.O. Pararello, M.C. Ahero

Use of.7Be and r37Cs for sourcing sediments in catchment sodies oferosion and deposition: a modelling application (IAEA-SM-29914P) .....-..

C.J. Barnes, G.J. Burch, R.D. Barling, R.G. Grayson, I.D. Moore

Interrelations between the surface waters of Danube, karst waters and

thermal springs of Bad Deutsch Altenburg (IAEA-SM-299/6P)

P- Hacker

Characterization of deep groundwater in south Germany and Upper Austria

by means of isotopic and hydrochemical investigations

(IAEA-SM-299/8P) 705

B. Bertleff, .1.E. Goldbrunner, W. Stichler, J'N. Andrews, G- Darling

ModEles hydrog6ologiques et g6ochimiques de genbse et de protection

des eaux min6rales carbogazeuses: application au site de

Chevron (Belgique) 0AEA-SM-299/10P) ..

E. Inurent, R. lilollastRelative discharge of the Amazon River and its main tributaries

as measured using 1EO values (IAEA-SM-29/12P) ...'........ 708

L.A. Martinelli, J. Mortafi, R.L. Yia6ria, E. Matsui, J.E. Nchey

Isotopic variation of oxygen in the water of the River Solimdes/Amazon

and its tributaries (IAEA-SM-299113P) ..........- 710

J. Monati, L.A. Martinelli, E. Matsui, R.L. Victdia, l.E. Richey

The isotopic composition of sulphate from pyrite oxidation

703

701

712

s93

605

623

707

(rAEA-SM-299n6P)R.M. Qureshi, P. Fritz, R. Nicholson

Sulphate-water oxygen isotope exchange as a tool for dating

old groundwaters (IAEA-SM.299I18P)R.J. Dimmie, P. Fritz, S.K. Frape, F.W. Render

Isotopic evolution of aqueous sulphate in northern Chile water

(rAEA-SM-299119P) 715

R. Aravena, O. Suatki, P. Fritz, H. Pefin, W- Rauzrt

Determinaci6n de filtracione^s en la presa de Golillas aplicando

trazadores radiactivos (IAEA-SM-299 l22P)

L. &inchez, E. Obando, G. Jimdnez

Radiocarbon dating in a karstic coastal aquifer in tropical climatic

conditions (IAEA-SM-29 l23P)

D.M. Aretlano, J.R. Fagwtdo, l. Silar, P. Jilek

Dynamic study of karst water (IAEA-SM-299126P) -.-...----...-.723L. Blaha, J. Hladtk, J. ed<a

714

7t7

................. 721

.l; .. , .l

'....,

."!. -

.'" ,:'

-: :,.:

Stable isotope study of dissolved components in some mineral andthermal waters in Czechoslovakia (I"AEA-SM-299i28P) ..........J. Hladtkovd, T. Pates, V. Smejlcal

Determination of transmissivity and dispersion in a confined chalkaquifer by simulation of field experiments with three tracers(rAEA-SM-299t30P)M. lensen, S. Genders

Examination of the storage behaviour of a small basin in fracturedPalaeozoic rock using environmental isotope and dye tricertechniques (IAEA-SM-299142P) ... 728A. Herrmann, J. Koll, R.G. Rau, M. Schdniger, P. Maloszewski,W. Rauert, W. Stichler, C. Izibundgut

The change of 2H and r8O contents of water seeping throughsand columns under different experimental conditions(rAEA-SM-299 t45P) .... 730D. Klot7, P. Maloszewski, H. Moser, lA. Silchler

Isotope-hydrological and hydrochemical study to investigate thepenetration of pollution into a deep aquifer (IAEA-SM-200/46P) ............ 732W. Rauert, W. Stichler, S. lAeise, M. Wolf, G. Andres, R. Egger, t. Rietzler

Single- and multi-well tracer investigations in fractured crystallinerock (IAEA-SM-299/47P) ........A. Kdki

Environmental isotope studies on groundwater from the crystallinebedrock in Finland (IAEA-SM-299148P) .......... 7?16T. Kanl@tnen, LT. Kulekonen, P.W. Lahermo, P.A. Nurmi

Essai de typologie du fonctionnement hydrique de diff6rents sols iI'aide du traqage isotopique naturel (IAEA-SM-291SBP) ......737P. M6rot

Teneurs en chlore 36 et problbmes de circulation des eaux profondes dusocle de Suisse septentrionale (IAEA-SM-299159P) ............. 73gJ.L. Michelot, W. Balderer, D. Elmore, J.-C. Fontes, P.W. Kubik, S. Soreau

Tragage isotopique des mouvements de l'eau en terrain fluvioglaciaire:6tude int6grde i l'dchelle d'une parcelle d'un sous-bassin et

Groundwater taC activity as affected by initial water-rock

interactions in a carbonatic terrain with deep water tables:

Judean Mountains, Israel (IAEA'Sl\4'299l82P) " " " " " " "L. Kroitoru, L Carmi, E' Mazor

Recent applications of isotope geothermometers (IAEA-SM-299/85P) """L. Bolognesi, P. Noto, C' Panichi

Hydrodynimic and hydrochemical behaviour of the aquifer in the-panaio

river alluvial fan (po valley, Italy) (IAEA-SM-29/87P) .........

M. Pellegrinr, G.S. Tazioli, A' Tnvatti

Study of groundwater recharge in shallow and deep aquifers in the .

Lower Kelantan River Basin with environmental isotopes' Malaysia

725

726

734

748

..75r

(rAEA-SM-299/91P) ..

D.B. Mohamad, R.M. Ali, F.S. Chong, Y. Yurtsever, R' Gonfiantini'

G. CalfIsotopic stuOies of fresh-saline groundwater, Outokumpu' Finland

(rAEA-SM-299t96P)P.C. SmalleY, R. Blomqvist, A' Rdhetm

Isotopic investigations of groundwater in the area north-west of

Faisalabad, Pakistan (IAEA-SM-299 l97P)

M.I. Saiiad, S.D- Hussain, R' Waheed' K'P' Seiler

Application of a radioactive tracer method for the study of sediment'ornrpoa

beginning in rivers and the marine nearshore zone

(IAEA-SM-299|IO2P) ."""1""""A. Owczarczyk, St. Szpilowski, R' Wierzchnicki' A' Michalik'

lA. Bannik, T. Basirlski

Environmental isotopes suggest a recharge model

supplying Jwaneng mine, Botswana (IAEA-SM

B.T. Verhagen

Underground processes deduced from radioactivity measurements

in,groundwater (IAEA-SM'299I llzP) " " " " " " "H.iL Looslt, B.E- I*funann, H' Oeschger' D'F' Rauber

A stable isotope reconnaissance of groundwater resoutces in the

Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (IAEA-SM-299I l19P) " " " " " " "'D.T. Jenkins, C.K. Sharma, J'M' Hassett

Environmental tritium as a tool in groundwater recharge investigations

(IAEA-SM-29q I lzOP\ ....

d'un bassin versant (IAEA-SM-299167P)S. Hami.d, M. Dray, A. Ferhi, J.-M. Dorioz

L'alimentation des aquifdres fissur6s en Afrique deI'Ouest soudano-sah6lienne (COte d'Ivoire, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger)(IAEA-SM-299t70P)J.P. Jourda, M. Dray, J. Sarrot-ReynauLd, A.N. Savadogo, G.M. Zuppi

'The lakes of central Queen Maud Land (East Antarctica): their recentisotope hydrologic characteristics, origin and evolution(IAEA-SM-299t74P\

for the well field-iggttosl) .......

'754

758

763

766

'769

. 771

. 773

. 775

. 779

..781

..783

.....739

..... 743M.R. Delcore

Environmental radionuclide tracers of transport and diffusion in

organic rich soil of the unsaturated zone (IAEA-SM-2991124P) ""'W.R. Schell, C.D. MasseY

Comparison of isotopic composition of different forms of calcite

prlcipitated from fresh water (IAEA-SM-299/13 lP) " " " " " " " " "'t tl'hnnr .l Pudie - I. Kraicar Bronie , D. SrdoER. Haberlandt, D. Haendel, W.D. Hermichen^ G. Strauch. Il. Wnnd

746

Dating old groundwater: the rritL D:----G. Hut -

_.--_..-.jr: the Milk River aquifer (AEA_SM _Zgg/l3gp) .

":1}ff:lhT;fit'#,:lapohanspirarion characrerisdcs or anGu weizu -sms a neutron probe IAEA _sni;);;;p) ........

Chairmen of Sessions

*:*Ti" of trre ffi;J;;:rs.:

of participants .............Author Index ......... -Index of papers .rd p;;;;.';;

787

789

... 79s,.................. 795.,....,.,,........ 797.................. 8tl.................. 815 THERMAL WATER STUDIES

(Session I)

Chairman

P. FRITZCanada