Social Institutions

SOCIAL INSTITUTIO

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What is a Social Institution?

-a group of social positions, connected by

social relations, performing a social role,

e.g. universities, government, families.

Characteristics of an Institution?

• Institutions are purposive.• They are relatively permanent in their content.

• Institutions are structured.

• Institutions are a unified structure.

• Institutions are necessarily value-laden.

Functions of an Institution?

• Institutions are purposive.• They are relatively permanent in their content.

• Institutions are structured.

• Institutions are a unified structure.

• Institutions are necessarily value-laden.

Major Social

Institutions

The family is the smallest social institution with the unique function or producing and rearing the young. It is the basic unit of Philippine society and the educational system.

Characteristics of the Filipino

Family closely knit and has strong family ties

has a strong loyalty among members

individual interests are sacrificed over the welfare of the group

kinship ties are extended to “compadre” or sponsors

Functions of the

Family Reproduction of the race and

rearing the young Cultural transmission or

enculturation Socialization of the child Providing affection and a

sense of security Providing the environment for

personality development and the growth of self concept

Providing social status

According to Membership

Conjugal or Nuclear Family Husband, wife and children

Consanguine or extended Family

Married couple, their parents, siblings,

grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins

Kinds of Family Patterns

According to Terms of Marriage

Polyandry One woman married to two or more men

Polygamy One man married to two or more women

CenogamyTwo or more men mate with two or more women in group

marriage


According to Line of Descent

Patrilineal Descent is recognized through the father’s line

Matrilineal Descent is recognized through the mother’s line

BilinealDescent is recognized

through both the father’s and mother’s line



According to Place of Residence

Patrilocal Married couple lives with the parents of the husband

Matrilocal Married couple lives with the parents of the wife

NeolocalMarried couple maintains a separate household and live

by themselves


According to Authority

PatriarchalFather is considered the head and plays a dominant

role

MatriarchalMother is considered the head and makes the major

decisions

EqualitarianBoth the mother and father share in making decisions and are equal in authority

Education

Super Yano

Multiple Functions of Schools

Technical/economic - refers to the contributions of the school to the technical or economic development and needs of the individual, the institution, the local community, the society and the international community.


Human/social - refers to the contributions of the school to human development and social relationships at different levels of society.


Political - refers to the contributions of the school to the political development at different levels of society.


Cultural - refers to the contributions of the school to the cultural transmission and development at different levels of society.


Education - refers to the contributions of the school to the development and maintenance of education at the different levels of society.

Manifest and Latent Functions of Education

Manifest functions of education are defined as the open and intended goals or consequences of activities within an organization or institution.

SocializationSocial controlSocial placement


Transmitting culturePromoting social and political integration

Agent of change


Latent functions of education are the hidden, unstated and sometimes unintended consequences of activities within an organization or institution.

Restricting some activities

Matchmaking and production of social networks

Creation of generation gap

Functions of Schools by Calderon (1998)

Conservation function

Instructional function

Research functionSocial service function

Religion

Super Yano

Religion is the socially defined patterns of beliefs concerning ultimate meaning of life’ it assumes the existence of the supernatural.-Stark

Super Yano

Characteristics of Religion

Belief in a deity or in a power beyond the individual

A doctrine (accepted teaching) of salvation

A code of conductThe use of sacred storiesReligious rituals (acts and ceremonies)

Functions of Religion

Religion serves as a means of social control.

It exerts a great influence upon personality development.

Religion always fear the unknown.

Religion explains events or situations which are beyond the comprehension of man.

It gives man comfort, strength and hope in times of crisis and despair.

Functions of Religion

It preserves and transmits knowledge, skills, spiritual and cultural values and practices

It serves as an instrument of change.

It promotes closeness, love, cooperation, friendliness and helpfulness.

Religion alleviates sufferings from major calamities.

It provides hope for a blissful life after death.

Churches, sects and cults

Church – tends to be large, with inclusive membership, in low tension with surrounding society and tends toward greater intellectual examination and interpretation of the tenants of religion.


Sect – has a small, exclusive membership, high tension with society. It tends toward the emotional, mystic, stress faith, feeling, conversion experience, to be “born again”.


Cult – the more innovative institutions and are formed when people create new religious beliefs and practices. There are three types: audience cults, client cults and cult movements.

Elements of Religion

Sacred - refers to phenomena that are regarded as extraordinary, transcendent, and outside the everyday course of events - that is, supernatural.


Legitimation of norms – Religious sanctions and beliefs reinforce the legitimacy of many rules and norms in the community.


Rituals – are formal patterns of activity that express symbolically a set of shared meanings.


Religious Community – Religions establishes a code of behavior for the members, who belong and who does not.

Economic

Institutions

Super Yano

Microeonomics vs. Macroeconomics

Microeconomics - concerned with the specific economic units of parts that makes an economic system and the relationship between those parts.

Super Yano

Microeonomics vs. Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics - concerned with the economy as a whole, or large segments of it.

Basic Economic Problems

What goods and services to produce and how much?

How to produce goods and services?

For whom are the goods and services?

Super Yano

Government

Super Yano

The institution which resolves conflicts that are public in nature and involve more than a few people is called a government. It can be city, provincial, national or even international.

Three Branches of the Government

Executive Enforces rules and laws

Legislative Makes rules and laws

Judicial Interprets rules and laws

Politics - a pattern of human interaction that serves to resolve conflicts between people, institutions, and nations

Politics and Administration

Administration - refers to the aggregate of persons in whose hands the reigns of government are for the time being.

Politics and Administration

Constituent - contribute to the very bonds of society and are therefore compulsary.

Constituent and Ministrant Functions of the Government

Examples of constituent functions• The keeping of order and providing for protection of persons and property from violence and robbery.

• The definition and punishment for crimes

• The administration of justice in civil cases.


Ministrant - those undertaken to advance the general interest of society such as public works, charity and are merely optional.


Prepared by:Jan del Rosario

3SED-SC

Social Institutions

Documents

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