Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Police Analysis

Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019

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Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh



Guidance Shri. Madan Mohan Upadhyay, Principal Advisor Project Coordinator Mrs. Beena Shrivastava, Advisor Research Associate Ms.Sudeepa Das



Table of contents 1. Background of the Study .................................................................................................. (page no 4 to11)

1.1 Status of Menstrual Health Management in India.....................................

1.2 Overview of Menstrual Health Education and Awareness Interventions in India 1.3 Studies in India presenting Menstrual Health management practices…………..

1.4 Status of Menstrual Health Management in MadhyaPradesh……………………..

1.5 Various studies related to Menstrual Health Management practices in Madhya Pradesh

1.6 Promoting menstrual health and hygiene in Madhya Pradesh.

1.7 Enabling policy environment at a National level and State level related to MHM

1.8 Enabling policy environment in Madhya Pradesh

2. Introduction……………………………………………………………(page no 12 to 13)

2.1 Strategies adopted under Udita Scheme………………………………………….....

2.2 Rationale of the Study……………………………………………………………….

2.3 Objectives of the study……………………………………………………………....

2.4 Design of the Study and Sampling…………………………………………………...

3. Data analysis and findings......................................................................(page no 14 to 29)

3.1 Responses from Beneficiary and Non Beneficiaries of Udita Scheme………………....

3.2 Responses from Beneficiaries……………………………………………………………

3.3 Responses from Aganwadi Worker about Udita Scheme……………………………......

3.4 Correlating responses of Beneficiaries of Udita Scheme and Aganwadi Worker…….......

4. Major Findings……………………………………………………. . (page no 30 to 32)

5. Recommendations……………………………………………………..(page no 33 to 36)

6. Annexure…………………………………………… ………………….(page no 37 to 63)

7. References…………………………………………....................................... (page no 64)

8. Appendix-A………………………………………….............................(page no 65 to 68)



Chapter - 1. Background of the Study

1.1 Status of Menstrual Health Management in India

India is a country with wealth related disparities, gender related disparities, owing to which there exists a significant variation in social indicators among girls between various regions of the country. There are over 355 million menstruating women and girls in India, yet millions of women across the country still face significant barriers to comfortable and dignified experience with menstrual health.

Girls do not consistently have access to education on puberty and menstrual health. In India, 71% of girls report having no knowledge of menstruation before their first period.Girls often turn to their mothers for information and support, but 70% of mothers consider menstruation “dirty,” further perpetuating taboos.

Girls do not have consistent access to preferred, high-quality MHM products. Almost 88% of women and girls in India use homemade alternatives, such as an old cloth, rags, hay, sand, or ash. Qualitative studies and an analysis of the product market indicate that premium commercial products are unaffordable or not consistently accessible for women and girls in low-income communities.Women and girls lack access to appropriate sanitation facilities.There are 63 million adolescent girls living in homes without toilets.Despite national efforts to improve sanitation, women and girls lack appropriate facilities and community support to manage their menstruation privately and in a safe manner.

Source: Menstrual Health Hygiene in India, Country landscape analysis 2016 .

Table 1: Menstrual Health management status in India

Indicator Total Rural Urban

Awareness and Gender Equitable Norms

Awareness of menstruation prior to menarche 48% 45% 50%

Consider menstruation as normal 55% 53% 63%

Girls stating that mother as main source of information

about menstruation

54% 53% 58%

Mothers consider menstruation as dirty, polluting 70%

Girls experience/observe some sort of restriction during

menstruation (religious, food, social interactions)

87% 90% 83%



Access

Women age 15-24 years who use hygienic methods of

protection during their menstrual period (ALL INDIA)

57.6% 48.2% 77.5%

Women age 15-24 years who use hygienic methods of

protection during their menstrual period(MADHYA

PRADESH.

37.6% 26.4% 65.4%

Access to WASH facilities

Girls’ toilet available and usable in schools 56.5%

Education and health outcomes

Proportion of school girls reporting missing school days

during menstruation

24% 28% 23%

Use of reusable absorbents and reproductive tract

infections

Women using reusable pads more

likely to have symptoms of urogenital

infection or to be diagnosed with at

least one urogenital infection than

women using disposable pads.

Menstrual Waste Management

Used absorbents thrown with routine waste 28%

Used absorbents thrown in open 28%

Used absorbents buried 33%

Used absorbents burned in the open 15%

Source: Roadmap to Strengthen Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management in Madhya Pradesh. Government of MadhyaPradesh 2019.



1.2 Overview of Menstrual Health Education and Awareness Interventions in India

Primary Goal Key Players

1: Programs focused

primarily on

improving

menstruation and

MHM awareness

Increasing presence by WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) organizations (e.g., WASH United in schools across India, WaterAid in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Delhi) are developing curriculum and partnering with schools to deliver awareness programs. Innovative examples include WASH United’s play-based learning curriculum. Many local NGOs have high-touch programs that vary in scale (e.g., Khel in UP using play-based teaching reached 12,000 people directly;Pasand, an NGO emphasizing trainer capacity, reached 6,000 students in 55 schools). Private sector is a new entrant—Menstrupedia has developed a comic book customized to the local context available in English, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, and Gujarati; over 1000 books are sold; over 30schools across India are using it; the website has 20,000 users.

2: Programs where

MHM is a component

of a larger program

targeted at

girls

All national level government programs (RKSK, SABLA, SSA—described more in the Policy section) consider MHM awareness as a component of improving other outcomes such as adolescent health, life-skill, or education. Although these programs have scale, the current emphasis on MHM is small. Few local NGOs working on girls’ livelihoods include MHM as a means to engage girls in programs.Sexual and reproductive health programs include MHM as a means to educate girls about family planning. In a few promising cases, NGOs see MHM education as a means for empowering girls; these programs are often localized.

3: Programs where

menstrual health

awareness is a means

to product adoption

Two of the top 3 large corporations (P&G, J&J) conduct awareness programs in schools as part of their core marketing strategy to increase adoption or as part of their philanthropic efforts.Between 2012 and 2013,Whisper reached 4 million girls in schools and Stayfree has committed to reach 100 million girls by 2018. Large corporations also develop mass media campaigns to address taboos largely among families with access to media (e.g.Whisper’s #touchthepickle campaign) which has over 2 million views in 1.5 years.Smaller social enterprises(e.g.,Aakar Innovation making sanitary pads in 13 locations across India or EcoFemme making cloth pads in Tamil Nadu) conduct awareness programs with their target users because they perceive lack of awareness as a barrier for growth.However, they struggle with limited resources and are smaller in scale; e.g, EcoFemme reached 1,740 girls in 2014.

Source: Menstrual Health in India Landscape Analysis prepared for the bill and Melinda Gates foundation 2016.



1.3 Studies in India presenting Menstrual Health management practices

Numerous studies have been conducted across the country, examining the prevalence of unsafe MHM practices, their causes and implications. -More than 45% of the respondents were not allowed to worship and cook in the kitchen and one-fourth followed dietary restrictions.More than 16% of the respondents thought of menstruation as a sign of onset of a severe disease and around 7% thought of it as a“curse”. -Another similar study conducted in states of northern India found that the awareness of menstruation before menarche was reported by 60% of the respondents and that awareness was significantly associated with age. -Another similar study from Gujarat, found that almost 50% of the girls had to sit separately during menstruation,89% were restricted in what they could touch, including worship material and cooking materials, almost half of the respondents experienced changes in the behavior of their family members and almost a third of them were not allowed to go outside alone during their periods. -A study by Sommer et. al. in 2013 found that girls attendance in schools is directly proportional to availability of adequate

sanitation facilities in school,for instance, gender-segregated toilets, private washing and disposal facilitiesetc. -Nationally, in the year 2010 a study was conducted in Saoner, Nagpur District in Maharashtra,examining the knowledge and menstrual hygiene management practices of adolescent school going girls in 8th and 9thstandard.The study reported that only about 37% of the girls in the study knew about menstruation before menarche and the major source of this information was reported to be their mothers.More than 75% of the girls had no clue about the cause and the source of bleeding. About 50% of the girls knew about and used commercially available sanitary napkins. Satisfactory cleaning of the external genitalia was practiced only by 33% of the participant adolescent girls. -Another similar study conducted in Dehradun,Uttarakhand reports that 64% of girls were about menstruation before menarche, however, awareness amongst the rural population was found to be more than that of the urban girls. In about 32% of the cases, the primary informant was found to be a friend from school. Also, majority of the girls did not know about the cause and source of bleeding during menstruation

1.4 Status of Menstrual Health Management in MadhyaPradesh The Census 2011 identified 7,592000 adolescent girls ages 10-19 years in Madhya Pradesh, who comprise 47.4% of the adolescent population and 10.5% of the total population.

The National Family Health Survey (NFHS)4 provides some insights on MHM in the State, alluding to the poor status of girls and women. NFHS 4 reported that only 37.6% of young women ages 15-24 years used a hygienic method of protection in general, while only 26.4% of young women living in rural areas used such materials.



1.5 Various studies related to Menstrual Health Management practices in Madhya Pradesh The state of MP doesn’t fare well when it comes to safe and hygienic MHM practices by adolescent girls and adult women in the state. In a study conducted by Amity Business School, Gwalior, it was found that most of the respondents answered that menstruation was a curse from God, along with other things, such as they were asked to restrict their activities while on their periods every month, ranging from simply not being allowed to step out of the house alone to not touching the males of the house. Another study assessing the menstrual hygiene management practices of women in urban areas of Jabalpur district found that out of the 200 adolescent girls surveyed for the study, approximately 70% of the respondents used sanitary pads and the remainder used old cloth as an absorbent, and reused the same cloth for consequent period without washing it properly. According to a study published in the JMSCR, conducted in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh, the most common social changes that came along after the onset of menarche for the adolescent girl in the family was the increased strictness by the mother imposed upon the daughter, cessation of schooling and initiation of marriage talks.

In another prospective study conducted by the National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) in the year 2007 and repeated again 2012, it was concluded that respondents from Delhi had significantly higher awareness and knowledge about menstruation before menarche than that of the other districts in the study, viz. Dhar (Madhya Pradesh), Barbanki (Uttar Pradesh), Kamrup (Assam) and Mysore (Karnataka). Finding of the Study titled “Assessing the Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices in Urban and Rural areas of Madhya Pradesh” conducted by Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis in the year 2018.Educating adolescent girls about menstruation during school years, and as a part of their school curriculum leads to adoption of safe menstrual hygiene management practices,Adolescent girls with mothers with better educational status knew that menstruation is not a “curse from God”, Adolescent girls living in urban areas were more likely to be aware that menstruation is a normal physiological process and to maintain hygiene that their rural counterparts ,Education does play a key role in empowering women to make better choices pertaining to safe and hygienic MHM.Education combats socio-cultural and religious notions of “state of impurity” during menstruation thereby alleviating the feeling of embarrassment.



1.6 Promoting menstrual health and hygiene in Madhya Pradesh

Promoting good menstrual health and hygiene against this backdrop requires attention to all aspects of the menstrual hygiene value chain (Figure 1)

Figure 1: Menstrual Health Management (MHM) Value Chain

Good MHM requires that girls and women have access to information and resources to address harmful social norms and taboos, safe menstrual hygiene products,water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)services (including disposal facilities), influenced by policies and institutional structures. Each of the

components can serve to facilitate or hinder a girl’s ability to manage menses well, having implications for her health and wellbeing. Drawing upon the framework for action proposed by the National MHM Guidelines, MHM programs in the State must address all of the components identified.

Effective menstrual hygiene management

Access to information/knowl

edge and social supports

Access to a basket of safe, hygiene

menstrual hygiene products/materials

Access to adequate water, sanitation

and hygiene infrastructure

Access to safe, appropriate disposal

mechanisms

Health and wellbeing among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age

Improved educational outcomes (school attendance and retention)

Supportive policies and programs

across government departments

Front line workers, teachers, peers in sufficient number

trained to deliver MHM interventions in communities

and institutions

Widespread favourable social

norms at the community and

societal level

Availability of safe menstrual hygiene products and waste

management solutions at scale



Figure 2: Framework for Action (adapted from the National MHM Guidelines)

1.7 Enabling policy environment at a National level and State level related to MHM

Support for MHM programs in India comes from the highest level, with several Central Ministries and schemes focused on or including menstrual hygiene as a component.Four Ministries in the Government of India address MHM through select programs and schemes: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD), Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS). Other Ministries such as Rural Development and Tribal Affairs also have initiatives (e.g., National Rural Livelihoods Mission and ashramshala schools respectively) that have implications for MHM along the value

chain.

The Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS) launched by MoHFW is possibly the first attempt to directly and

comprehensively address MHM, followed by the inclusion of the MHM component in the Nirmal Bharat

Abhiyan in December 2013.

The Swachh Bharat Mission has played a pivotal role in catalyzing action on MHM by issuing National Guidelines for MHM programs to be implemented in schools, emphasizing inter-departmental convergence. In 2017 the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation issued Guidelines on Gender Issues in Sanitation, highlighting the need for MHM facilities, incinerators, awareness, engagement of men, and MHM education in schools, anganwadis, health facilities and communities. At the sub-National level, several States have initiated programs either across the State or in select districts (e.g., Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,

Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh).

1.8 Enabling policy environment in Madhya Pradesh

The Government of Madhya Pradesh has made critical investments in MHM. Several Government Departments in the State are implementing MHM programs,

with differences in approach and coverage. Table 3 below presents a comprehensive overview of key programs under nodal

Government Departments.

1. Enabling environment

2. Demand side factors

3. Supply side factors

4. Quality factors



Table 2: Overview of MHM programs in Madhya Pradesh

Govt Department Health and Family Welfare

Women and Child Development

Education Tribal Development

MHM Program Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK)

Udita Rajya Shiksha Kendra (RSK)

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

Swachh Vidyalaya

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya

Ashramshalas

Target groups Adolescent girls 10-19 years

Adolescent girls 11-18 years

School going girls 6-14 years

School going girls 14-18 years

School going girls

Girls in residential schools (Grades 6-8)

School girls

Urban/rural Rural Rural Rural + urban

Rural + urban

Mostly rural

Rural Rural

Coverage – district 11, with 10 more proposed in 2019-20

All

Implemented in Health facilities

Anganwadis

Primary, Upper Primary schools

Secondary schools

All schools

Residential schools for girls

Residential schools

Budgetary allocation

30 lacs to set up a production unit

Program details Peer volunteers, counsellors and mentors form the core of this strategy, forming peer groups and offering support

Udita corners established in anganwadis that provide information and sanitary pads

Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya Guidelines implemented in schools

Note-Sabla and Kishori Shakti Scheme have been ended in the year 2017-2018 hence there has been no organizing of any awareness programme in the following years.Prior to end year of Sabla Scheme it was implemented only in 15 districts of Madhya Pradesh.



Chapter -2.Introduction

UDITA program was launched by the Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP) in 2015, to assuage the culture of silence and social taboos around the subject of menstruation in the society, to raise awareness about this matter which directly correlates with the individual dignity of adolescent girls and women of the state, and to provide access to affordable sanitary napkins. The objective of Udita Program is to create awareness and sensitivity towards menstrual hygiene and overall menstrual management, increase the knowledge level about Menstruation among adolescents, clarifying the doubts and myths related to this topic encouraging adolescents to use quality sanitary pads, increasing the

availability of sanitary pad in villages and increase the accessibility of it for adolescent girls, proper disposal of used sanitary napkins so that it doesn’t affect the environment, create awareness among adolescents among aneamia,create awareness among adolescents among Nutrition.

The first phase of the scheme was implemented in Gwalior, Indore and Badwani and later it spread in other districts of Madhya Pradesh. Currently it is operational in 97,135 aganwadis and mini aganwadis which is meant for around 60 lakhs adolescent girls in the age group of 11 to 18 years and other women. Currently 35.40 lakh adolescent girls have been the beneficiary of Udita Scheme.

2.1 Strategies adopted under Udita Scheme Availability of Sanitary pad/vending machine supplying sanitary pad near

aganwadis,training centers, girls hostel, govt/private hospitals, workplaces of women, local shops,Self Help Groups and other public spaces.

To ensure the availability of Sanitary Napkins in aganwadis and schools. To ensure the availability of Sanitary Napkins ensure the participation of local sanitary

pad companies, business establishments and ngo’s. Establishing Incinerators and other systems for proper disposal of Sanitary napkins. To link Self Help groups and other groups in the production of Sanitary Napkins. Create awareness about Menstruation related hygiene under Sabla and Kishori Shakti

Yojana. Coordination established with Health (NHN),School,Tribal,Urban bodies and other

Voluntary organization. Referral of adolescent girls in ARSH Clinic based on special health needs. Sessions conducted in schools and aganwadi kendras through ARSH counsellors ,Women

doctor, Resource persons having knowledge on this issue. Linking with NIPI programme to create awareness on Anemia. Organizing programme related to Nutrition.



2.2 Rationale of the Study NFHS 4 reported that 37.6% of young women ages 15-24 years used a hygienic method of

protection in general, while only 26.4% of young women living in rural areas used such

materials. Hence a major percentage.(73.6%) of the Rural Women are using unhygienic

methods of Menstruation Hygiene.29% women used unclean cloth and 42% women used a

cloth several times(Source: Bhagidari Foundation).This unhygienic health condition during

menstruation leads to infection among girls and women in the reproductive age group. Girls

are not able to complete their education due to lack of information on this matter and lack of

services. Women are not able to go outside work leading to decrease in work efficiency and

quality of life for women and Girl Child.

2.3 Objectives of Study

1. To understand the awareness level of adolescent girls about the Udita Scheme.

2. To understand the availability of Sanitary Napkin at Aganwadis.

3. To understand the disposal system of Sanitary napkins.

4. To assess the barriers in availability of sanitary pads for adolescent girls and women.

2.4 Design of the Study and Sampling

10 districts were selected based on Stratified Sampling.The districts were

Bhopal,Indore,Ujjain,Jhabua,Badwani,Dindori,Jabalpur,Sagar,Alirajpur,Mandla.

Out of these 10 districts 20 blocks were covered. Out of each district 2 blocks to be

covered.

Out of these 10 districts 5 districts were Municipal Corporation (Bhopal, Sagar, Jabalpur,

Ujjain and Indore) and other 5 districts are Schedule Caste dominated

district(Jhabua,Alirajpur,Badwani,Mandla,Dindori). Out of these blocks one block is

district headquarter of the block and second block where rural population is high.

In each block 5 villages to be covered covering 4 beneficiary and 8 no beneficiary. Out of

each district 2 blocks to be covered.Total 100 Villages (rural/urban).

120 beneficiaries per district.1200 women and girls were interviewed who were

beneficiary and non beneficiary of Udita Scheme.800 non beneficiary respondents and

400 Udita beneficiaries were interviewed registered under aganwadi.Per block 20 Udita

beneficiary 40 non beneficiaries.



Chapter - 3. Data Analysis and Findings 3.1 Responses from Beneficiary and Non Beneficiaries of Udita Scheme Total 800 non beneficiary respondents and 400 Udita beneficiaries were interviewed.Out of 1200 respondents 52% were urban and 48% were rural.(refer to table no 3.1.a) Out of these 800 non beneficiary 614 respondents do not go to aganwadi and 186 respondents who go to aganwadi but are not beneficiary of the Udita scheme.( refer to table no 3.1.b and 3.1.c) Registration of Respondents under Aganwadi and Udita Scheme 49% of the respondents are registered in

aganwadi and 51% are not registered under aganwadi.Out of the 49% registered beneficiaries under aganwadi 68% of interviewed beneficiary were registered under Udita Scheme and 32% under other schemes of aganwadi. The others schemes are meant for pregnant, lactating other schemes meant for adolescent girls and ladlilaxmi yojana.

Note:This percentage has been calculated based on 586 respondents out of 1200 respondents who avail the services of aganwadi..( refer to table no 3.1.C)

3.1.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents-(Age,Education,Caste and Religion,Marital status,Economic status and Current engagements)

3.1.2 Age:

The Highest percentage(48%) of

beneficiary were in the age group of

10 to 20 years followed by (38%) of

the beneficiary is the age group of 21

to 30 years and 14% of beneficiary

where in the age group of 31 years

and above.

48%38%

14%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%

10-20 year 21-30 year 31years and above.

Age of Respondents

68%

32%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Udita other Schemes

Schemes registered under aganwadi by respondents.



52%

4%

44%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Unmarried adolescent girl

Unmarried women Married Women

Marital Status

65%

35%

0%20%40%60%80%

Yes No

Respondents from Below Poverty Line

28%22%

38%

11%1%

0%10%20%30%40%50%

Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

Other backward

caste(OBC)

General Minority

Caste of Respondents

3.1.3 Marital Status and no of children: 52% of the respondents were unmarried adolescent girl followed by 44% married women and 4% were unmarried women. Out of 44% married women 46% of the respondents have two children,22% of children have one children and 18% respondents have two or more children and 5% respondents have no children.(refer to table no 3.1.3 a and b).

3.1.4 Educational Status: 72% of the respondents were educated (5th to 10th standard) and only 12% of the respondents were graduate.In Jhabua 48% respondents were uneducated followed by 31% in Alirajpur.Among the tribal districts Dindori has a separate scenario as 44% respondents are graduate and there are no respondents who are uneducated.

3.1.5 Caste and Religion: 38% of the respondents belonged to OBC followed by 28% scheduled Tribe and 22% scheduled caste whereas in terms of religion demography 93% of the respondents are Hindu followed by 7% Muslim.(refer to table no 3.1.5 a and b).

3.1.6 Economic Status:

65% of the respondents belong to Below Poverty Line(BPL).If we look in terms of source of income of these respondents 37% of the household’s source of income is through labour followed by 25% through agriculture,21% through job government or private and 11% through business. In terms of monthly income of the family 45% of the respondent’s households have an income of 1000 to 5000 rupees per month only.30% of respondents household income is from 6000 to 10,000 per month.Only 11% respondent’s family income is more than 15,000 per month. Hence majority of the respondents were from poor economic background. (refer to table 3.1.6 a,b,c)

17%

36% 36%

12%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Uneducated 5th to 8th standard

10th pass Graduation

Educational Status



3.1.7 Current Engagements of respondents:

38 % of the total respondents were pursuing education.17% of the respondents (girls) were not going to school.Out of this percentage of girls not going to school 58% were beneficiary of Udita Scheme and 43% who were non beneficiary of Udita Scheme. Hence not being educated or drop out donot have a much negative impact on assessing the Udita Scheme they are availing services through aganwadi if not through schools.Drop out girls are contacted by aganwadi worker upto an extend and they need to work on it more to increase this percentage both in rural and urban areas as they are currently reaching only half of them approximately.Out of 17% girls not going to school in district Dindori (100%)followed by Badwani(92%) respondents are beneficiary of Udita scheme.It proves that they are able to devote time for accessing the services of Udita scheme through aganwadi.Whereas in the districts of Sagar (29%)and Jhabua (30%) respondents shared the aganwadi workers should do more outreach activities with girls who donot go to school(drop out girls)due household chores, child labour or child marriage.

3.1.8 Information on Udita scheme: 61% of the total respondents have information of Udita scheme and 39% respondents donot have information about Udita scheme. Out of the respondents who donot have information 13% are Udita beneficiaries and 87% are non beneficiaries.

3.1.9 Source of Information:

91% of respondents both beneficiary and non beneficiary of the Udita scheme have information of the scheme through aganwadi worker as it’s the major source of information. Friends are the second source of information which is 6%.Only 1% of information is received through school. No information is received through Hostels, Newspaper, Television (Doordarshan) and Newspaper.

38%

17%

40%

6%

0%10%20%30%40%50%

Pursuing Education

Girls not going to school

Housewives Women doing job

Current engagements of respondent

61%

39%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Yes No

Information on Udita scheme

91%1%0%

6%1%0%0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Aganwadi Worker school

HostelFriends

Family/RelativesNewspaper

Television(Doordrashan)

Source of Information on Udita scheme



3.1.10 Publicity of Udita Scheme and source of information at Village level: 60% respondents stated that there is publicity of the scheme at village level. Publicity is majorly done by aganwadi workers(87%) followed by Ngo’s (11%) and department camps only(2%).No efforts are being done in wallwritting, distribution of pamphlet and Nukkadnataks. (refer to table 3.1.10 a and b).

3.1.11 Information level of the Udita scheme:

Cumulative 84% of the respondents had information about Udita scheme.16% of the respondents both beneficiary and non beneficiary didn’t had any information about any of the aspect of Udita Yojana.Out of the respondents who had information about Udita scheme 27% had information that sanitary pad is available,23% on information related to menstruation and 18% on sanitary pad and its disposal and 15% on anemia and nutrition.16% of the respondents have heard about Udita scheme but they donot have any information on it.Out of these respondents who donot have any information on Udita scheme 13% are Udita beneficiaries and 87% are non beneficiary.Analyzing the 16% respondents who didn’t had any information in district Ujjain 71% and in Indore 65% respondents were in this category that too being an Urban area.If we compare this with tribal areas Jhabua and Dindori all respondents had information related to usage of sanitary pad.

11%

87%

2%

0%

0%

0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

NGO's

Aganwadi Worker

Departmental Camp

Nukkad Natak

Distribution of Pamphlet

Wall writing

Source of information at village level

27%23%

18%15% 16%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%

Sanitary Pad is available

Information related to

Menstruation

Sanitary pad usage and its

disposal

Aneamia and Nutrition related to

Information

No information

Information level on the scheme

60%

40%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Yes No

Publicity of the Scheme at Village level



84%

16%

Usage of sanitary pad during menstruation

Yes

No

3.1.12 Usage of sanitary pad: 84% of the respondents use sanitary pad during menstruation whereas 16% donot use sanitary pad.Out of this 16% only 33% of the respondents are beneficiary of Udita Scheme and that too receiving services through aganwadi only. Hence 50% of the respondents are buying sanitary pad from other places.All of the respondents use cloth if they are not using sanitary pad.(refer to table no 3.1.12 a and b).

3.1.13 Monthly expenses on sanitary pad:

As per the above mentioned graph of 84% of the beneficiary who use sanitary pad 64% of the respondents spend Rs.20 to 30 on sanitary pad in a month followed by Rs.30 to 40 by 32% respondents. Only 4% respondents spend more than Rs.40 per month. Jhabua (97%), Badwani (82%), Dindori (77%), Mandla (76%) and Alirajpur(67%) are the districts were they spend only 20 to 30 rupees on sanitary pad.Hence these tribal districts paying capacity is less and they are majorly dependent on Udita scheme to get sanitary pad.

3.1.14 Place of purchase of sanitary pad:

50% of the respondents both beneficiary and non beneficiary of Udita scheme buy sanitary pad from the market followed by 31% from Udita Corner. Jhabua(41%),Sagar(38%),Indore(32%) are the districts were respondents buy sanitary pad from Udita Corner.Dindori is the district where (87%) of the respondents buy sanitary pad from market followed by Sagar(58%),(47%) from Alirajpur.Hence inspite of Dindori and Alirajpur district paying only Rs.20 to 30 rupees monthly on sanitary pad are dependent majorly on market for buying of sanitary pad. Specifically in the districts of Dindori,Alirajpur and Sagar the functioning of Udita Corner needs to be seen.Only 3% of the sanitary pad is bought from the school.It’s bought highest from school in Bhopal (10%) and (7%) in Jabalpur and (3%) in Mandla and Ujjain.Among the tribal districts only in Alirajpur and Mandla sanitary pad is bought from schools.1% respondents buy sanitary pad from wending machine.It is available in Bhopal and Alirajpur only.-4% available in hospital and highest percentage available in Badwani (17%).

64%

32%

3% 1%0%

20%40%60%80%

Rs.20-30 Rs.30-40 Rs.40-50 More than 50 rupees

Monthly expenses on one packet sanitary pad.

31%50%

3%0%1%

4%12%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Udita Corner of aganwadi.From market

SchoolHostel

Wending machine Hospital

Sanitary pad not used

Sanitary pad is bought from which place



35%

6% 5%

34%

20%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

sanitary pad change 3 to 4

times .

Cloth changed 3 to 4 times

Cloth washed by hot water

Bathing properly

Proper disposal of pad after

usage

Information on menstrual hygiene.

3.1.15 Understanding on Menstruation: Only 30% of the respondents have correct and scientific information related to menstruation (15% necessary for birth of child,6% necessary for creating of family and 9% it’s a pure process). 57% of the respondents have some information related to menstruation but it’s not correct and scientific(45% its impure blood and 12% its god wish) and among 14% of the respondents there is total ignorance. Hence there is a strong need of imparting information related to menstruation and work specifically related to its myths and taboos.97% respondents of Dindori stated that it is impure blood,(50%) in Badwani and 44% respondents stated this in Jabalpur district.23% of the respondents in Jabalpur stated its pure process followed by 18% in Bhopal and 13% in Mandla. Among the respondents who didn’t had any information on menstruation were from Ujjain(58%),followed by 41% in Indore

3.1.16 Information on Best Medium of

usage during menstruation: 90% of the respondents accepted that sanitary pad should be used during menstruation and 10% stated that cloth should be used.

3.1.17 Information on menstrual hygiene:

35% of the respondents had information that sanitary pad needs to be changed 4 to 5 times a day.34% stated that bathing properly is necessary and only 20% respondents had information about proper disposal of used sanitary pad or cloth after usage. As above chart no 3.1.12 which mentions 16% who do not use sanitary pad,they use cloth have very less information on proper usage of cloth as only 5 % had information about how it should be washed and properly dried in sun and it should also be changed 3 to 4 times a day. Indore is the district where there is highest percentage in two categories of information on menstrual hygiene followed by Dindori, Bhopal and Sagar.In Indore itself fairing well in two menstrual hygiene practices information it is performing poor in another menstrual hygiene practice.Jhabua has the lowest percentage in two categories of menstrual hygiene information related to usage of cloth. Districts of Dindori and Sagar also have lowest information in one category each.

45%

15% 12%6% 9% 14%

0%10%20%30%40%50%

Understanding of Menstruation

90%

10%0% 0%

0%

50%

100%

Sanitary pad Cloth Dried leaves/Mud

Ohers

Information on best medium of usage during menstruation



3.1.18 Information on infections due to unhygienic menstrual management: 42% of the respondents stated that they had information of infections due to unhygienic menstrual management such as white discharge, itchiness and burning sensation in vagina followed by 30% respondents stated information on inflammation in uterus.18% respondents stated information of repeated urge of urination.10% of the respondents had no information.In Indore district the highest percentage of respondents (61%) had no information on infections due to unhygienic menstrual management. Indore(61%),Alirajpur(23%) and Mandla(16%) district respondents had the highest percentage of not having any information on infections due to unhygienic menstrual management.Among the respondents(10%)who donot have information 23% of respondents from Udita and 77% are non beneficiaries.

3.1.19 Information related to Balanced diet and aneamia available in Udita Corner : 94% of the respondents have information on the importance of balanced diet from aganwadi with regards to menstrual management. The respondents of Jhabua,Mandla, Dindori and Badwani have 100% information on the importance of balanced diet and in Indore only 23% of respondents stated that they did not receive any information on balanced diet from Udita Corner scheme. 40% of the respondents had information on the importance of intake of pulses and milk which is the source of protein and calcium.Only 11% respondents had information on the importance of fat and oil for energy.Highest percentage of respondents (36%) had information that lack of imbalance diet would lead to repeated illness. Only 23% of respondents stated that heavy blood discharge during menstruation is a reason of aneamia,21 % had information of lack of iron and protein in food,19% information of less hemoglobin level,16% information on early age of marriage and child birth and only 8% had information on the importance of Vitamin C for absorbing Iron.13% of the beneficiaries had no information about the reasons of aneamia.(refer to table 3.1.19 a,b,c,d).

30%

18%

42%

10%

0%10%20%30%40%50%

Inflammation in uterus

Repeated urge of urination

White discharge and

itchiness.

No information

Information on Infections due to unhygienic menstrual management

94%

6%

Information on Balanced diet recieved from Udita Corner

Yes

No

40%

29%

11%

19%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Intake of Pulses and Milk for …

Intake of Sour food and …

Fat and Oil intake

Iron and Minerals through …

Information provided related to Nutrition in Udita Corner



37%31%

17% 15%

0%10%20%30%40%

Green Vegetables Vitamin C rich fruits and

vegetables.

Sprouts intake Intake of non veg food.

Information on nutritious food to prevent aneamia.

3.1.20 Information on various food sources for increasing the nutrition level: Highest respondents (37%) had information related to intake of green vegetables followed by 31% on importance of fruits and vegetables for Vitamin C and 17% information on the intake of sprouts. 15% of the respondents had information on the intake of nonveg for increasing nutrition level. District Ujjain respondents had highest percentage in terms of the importance of green vegetables and lowest information in Jhabua(30%) on the importance of green leafy vegetable.31% of the respondents in Badwani had the highest information on the benefits of intake of nonveg to prevent anemia.

3.1.21 Availability of sanitary pad in village/city:

42% of the respondents stated that sanitary pad is available in local store and medical store followed by second highest in aganwadi (28%) and in govt and private hospitals(20%).In school its only 5% and hostel its 0%.Vending machine is available in 2% places only.Availability of sanitary pad is highest in Indore as responded by 44% respondents followed by 34% respondents of Mandla and 32% in Bhopal and lowest availability in Dindori 1% and 18% in Jhabua.In sagar highest respondents(56%) stated that there is availability of sanitary pad at local store and medical shops followed by Dindori (51%).Availability of sanitary pad through vending machine is highest in Bhopal(6%) followed by (3%) in Ujjain and 2% each Indore and Mandla.

3.1.22 Availability status of sanitary pad in respondents locality: In 86% places there is easy availability of sanitary pad and in 14% places there is difficulty in availability of sanitary pad.100% of the respondents of Indore and Ujjain stated that there is easy availability of sanitary pad followed by Sagar (99%), Dindori (98%)and Jhabua (93%).Highest percentage of difficulty in getting sanitary pad Badwani district is (62%) followed by 27% in Mandla district.

4%42%

20%28%

5%2%

0%0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

SHG.Local store/medical store.

Govt /Private HospitalAganwadi kendra

schoolwending machine

Hostelothers

Sanitary pad available in your village/city.

86%

14%

Availability of sanitary pad in above mentioned places

Yes

No



3.1.23 Problems faced in getting sanitary pad: Out of the above mentioned 14% respondents who face problem in availability of sanitary pad.Highest percentage of respondents 26% stated that sanitary pad is costly.25% of the respondents faced problem as they feel shy in purchasing sanitary pad.22% stated that money is not given by family. Respondents of Mandla (35%), Badwani (31%) and Jabalpur (26%) of respondents are the districts where they feel that sanitary pad is costly. Highest percentage of respondents who stated that they feel shy in purchasing sanitary pad from shop were from Dindori,29% from Alirajur,28% respondents from Bhopal and 27% respondents from Mandla.31% of the respondents Mandla stated that money is not given by family followed by Badwani(25%) and Dindori(20%).12% of the respondents from Jhabua stated that aganwadi stays closed.58% of respondents from Jabalpur stated that shop is far away from home.

3.1.24 Availability of vending machine :

Only 12% respondents stated the availability of vending machine and 88% non availability of vending machine.In districts of Dindori,Jhabua and Sagar all the respondents stated the nonavailability of Vending machine.Among these 10 districts highest Indore,Mandla and Bhopal comparatively fares good in availability of vending machine.

3.1.25 Place where vending machine is installed: Most of the vending machine is installed in Hospital (35%) and (34%) in aganwadis followed by school 25% and only 6% in railway station.7 districts out of these 10 districts responded stated that vending machine is installed in school Jabalpur, Indore, Bhopal.Jabalpur and Bhopal has the highest no of respondents who stated that vending machine is installed in school. Only respondents of 3 districts stated installation of vending machine in railway station viz Ujjain, Indore and Bhopal.Highest percentage of respondent of Ujjain stated of having vending machine in railway station.Only 3% respondents stated installation of vending machine in other places besides their village/city.(refer to table no 3.1.25 a and b).

25%22%

4%26%

4%1%

7%10%

0% 10% 20% 30%

shame in purchasing from …

Bad experience of using …

Less stalk in aganwadi and …

Aganwadi is far away from …

Problems faced in getting sanitary pad

12%

88%

Availability of vending machine

Yes

No

25%35% 34%

0%6%

0%0%

10%20%30%40%

School Hospital Aganwadi Hostel Railway Station

Other places

Place where vending machine installed



3.1.26 Type of Denominator of Coin used in vending machine: Highest percentage (65%) of beneficiary stated the usage of five rupees coin in vending machine, followed by 30% usage of one rupee coin and 5% stated the use of ten rupee coin.

3.1.27 Information on disposal of sanitary pad:

91% beneficiaries had information on disposal of sanitary pad and only 9% didnot have any information on the process of disposal of sanitary pad.Out 9% of the beneficiaries who donot have information on the disposal 19% are Udita beneficiaries and 81% are nonbeneficiaries.

3.1.28 Methods of disposal of used sanitary pad:

Above graph no 3.1.27 states 91% of the beneficiary having information on the disposal system out which highest percentage of beneficiaries (46%) of Udita Scheme stated that burning of sanitary pad is being done, followed by 33% disposal in garbage,20% by dugging it under the surface and 1% by throwing it in water.This indicates that there is lack of good disposal system specifically when garbages at village level as not timely unfilled and taken away for proper disposal.There is no proper garbage collection and disposal system.Lack of disposal system also promotes usage of cloth as its disposal frequency is less as it is reused by washing it as there is a local taboo/belief that used sanitary pads attracts evil.

30%

65%

5%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1 rupee coin 5 rupee coin 10 rupee coin

Denominator of coin used in wending machine

91%

9%

Information on disposal of sanitary pad

Yes

No

33%

46%

20%

1% 0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Disposed in garbage

Burning Dugging Thrown in river

Insenitor

Methods of disposal of used sanitary pad



3.1.29 Availability of Incinerator at Village level: Only 2% of the beneficiaries stated that there is availability of incinerator at village level and 98% stated that it is not available at village level.Its available in Ujjain, Alirajpur, Badwani, Mandla, Indore, Jhabua and Sagar.

2%

98%

Availability of Incinerator at village

Yes

No



3.2 Findings from beneficiary of Udita Corner –Barriers in usage of sanitary pad.

3.2.1 Year wise beneficiary of Udita Scheme:

43% each of respondents were beneficiary of Udita in the year 16-17 and 17-18.14% of the beneficiary were its respondents since 2015-2016. Beneficiary of Bhopal (15%), Indore (15%),Mandla (13%), Alirajpur (5%) and Badwani(3%) were its beneficiary since 2015-2016. Out of these 10 districts Badwani and Indore were the districts were Udita was implemented in the first phase. Bhopal,Mandla and Alirajpur districts having percentage of respondents registered since 2015-2016 shows good outreach work by aganwadi workers and presence of other facilitating factors for information dissemination on Udita scheme.If we compare the registration of beneficiary of Indore and Badwani,Indore had registered more number of beneficiary in the first year(15%) and second year(75%) and only 10% in the third year.Badwani districts performance is lacking behind as only 3% each were registered in the first year and second year and 95% respondents in the third year.In the previous year 2017-2018 Badwani has registered the highest no of respondents followed by 58% respondents in mandla,58% in alirajpur and 43% in Bhopal.

3.2.2 Availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi:

88% beneficiaries stated that there is availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi and 12% stated that there is no sanitary pad in aganwadi.8 districts out of 10 selected districts stated donot have easy availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi Kendra, highest being in Badwani (55%) followed by Jhabua (18%), Mandla(15%), Alirajpur(13%).Sagar and Ujjain are the only two districts where 100% of the beneficiary stated that there is a supply of sanitary pad.Badwani being the district where Udita scheme was launched since 2015-2016 inspite of this the non availability of sanitary pad is a serious issue as 55% responded stated this whereas Indore only 5% which is also one of the district where Udita corner was started in the first phase.

14%

43% 43%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Since 15-16 Since 16-17 Since 17-18

Yearwise beneficiary of udita

88%

12%

Easy Availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi kendra

Yes

No



3.2.3 Monthly usage pattern of sanitary pad from Udita Corner: Dindori, Jhabua, sagar and Ujjain are the districts where 100% of the beneficiary use sanitary pad from Udita corner every month.Highest percentage of sanitary pad not being used every month from aganwadi is from Indore(20%) whereas 95% of the beneficiary had stated that there is availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi.Hence quality of sanitary pad and purchasing capacity of beneficiary is a major factor in non use of sanitary pad every month from aganwadi.15% of the respondents of district Alirajpur donot use sanitary pad on monthly basis as availability of sanitary pad is a major issue as 13% responded stated that there is no availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi.There is a strong connection between supply of sanitary pad at aganwadi and monthly usage by Udita respondent as in Sagar and Ujjain district 100% availability and 100% usage by beneficiary.

3.2.4 Quality of sanitary pad available at Udita Corner:

82% of the beneficiary of Udita corner appreciated the quality of sanitary pad in various parameters such as easy to use, comfortable, long-lasting and feels comfortable day long.18% of the respondents stated that it gets wet easily hence it needs to be changed in short duration of time as the sanitary pad is thin.Beneficiaries of Bhopal (32%-Easy to use), Ujjain (48%-comfortable), Dindori (29% long lasting),Indore (27% feels comfortable) had the highest percentage of beneficiaries who responded positive response in each category respectively related to the benefits of sanitary pad. Beneficiaries of Jhabua(22%),Alirajpur(20%) and Badwani(21%) stated that sanitary pad gets wet easily.

94%

6%

Sanitary pad being used every month from udita corner.

Yes

No

29%26%

20%

7%

18%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Easy to use Comfortable Long lasting Feels comfortable

day long

Pad gets wet in short

duration

Quality of sanitary pad in udita corner



28%22%

17%22%

11%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%

Safety from infection

safety in going to public places.

Individual hygiene is

maintained.

No need of washing

No need of being

ashamed due to

blood stains

Benefits of use of sanitary pad from udita corner of aganwadi

3.2.5 Cost of sanitary pad in Udita Corner: 39% of the beneficiary stated that sanitary pad is more than twenty rupees followed by 36% of 11 to 20 rupees,19% of 1 to 10 rupees and only 2% of the beneficiary stated that its available free.Sagar,Jabalpur and Badwani had high percentage of beneficiary who responded that sanitary pad is available more than twenty rupees.In some aganwadis of Jabalpur 15% beneficiary responded that its available free.5% of the beneficiaries of Udita scheme are not purchasing sanitary pad from Udita Corner 20% in Indore,15% in Alirajpur,5% in Mandla and 3% each in Dindori and Jabalpur.

3.2.6 Benefits of usage of sanitary pad: Highest percentage of beneficiaries (28%) stated that it provides safety from reproductive tract infection, followed by 22% beneficiaries shared that it provides safety in going to public places as there is safety from stains and chances of sanitary pad moving from its place during usage as in the case of cloth is less.22% beneficiaries shared an important benefit that there is no use of washing it as shortage of water in certain places is a serious issue.17% of beneficiaries indicated the importance of individual hygiene.

3.2.7 Continuation of use of sanitary

pad and recommending its usage to others: 98% beneficiaries want to continue the usage of sanitary pad as they have experienced the benefits of sanitary pad over other mediums of sanitary pad specially cloth.99% of beneficiaries would recommend others for usage of sanitary pad only 1% would not recommend its usage.(refer to table no 3.2.7 a and b).

2%

19%

36% 39%

5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Free 1-10 rupees 11-20 rupees

More than 20 rupees

Not purchased

Cost of sanitary pad under udita scheme of aganwadi

98%

2%

Continuation of use of sanitary pad in future.

Yes

No



3.2.8 Distance of aganwadi from beneficiaries home: 92% respondents shared that aganwadi is within 2 kms and 8% shared that its between 2 to 4 kms and there are no beneficiaries whose need to go to aganwadi which is more than 4 kms. In Mandla and Alirajpur districts 18% and 12% beneficiaries of Udita scheme shared that the distance of aganwadi is from 2 to 4 kms.

3.2.9 Timely availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi:

84% beneficiaries stated that there is timely availability of sanitary pad and 16% respondent shared that there is untimely/irregular availability of sanitary pad.In Badwani district highest percentage of beneficiaries of Udita scheme 53% responded on the irregular availability of Udita scheme,followed by Jhabua and Mandla(30%) ,10% in Sagar and 3% each in Dindori and Jabalpur.

3.2.10 Frequency of visits at aganwadi to get Sanitary Pad: 85% beneficiaries shared that visit of aganwadi needs to be done 1 to 2 times to get sanitary pad,13% stated visit needs to be made 2 to 3 times and 2% more than three times.In Badwani district 19% beneficiaries stated that visit needs to be made two to three times and in Mandla 3% stated that visits need to be made more than three times.

92%

8%0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0-2km 2-4km More than 4 km

Aganwadi distance from home

84%

16%

Timely availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi

Yes

No

85%

13%2%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1 to 2 times 2 to 3 times More than 3 times

No of visists at aganwadi to get sanitary pad



2%

89%

9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Monday Tuesday Never

Which day of week beneficiaries go for availing udita scheme.

3.2.11 Day of week most visited by beneficiary for availing services of Udita Scheme: 89% beneficiaries stated Tuesday is a day of week where visits are mostly done by beneficiaries and 2% stated Monday.9% of the beneficiaries never visit the aganwadi inspite of their name being enrolled in Udita Corner. Out of this 9% beneficiaries who donot go to aganwadi 57% are schoolgoing girls and 40% are not going to school and 3% are doing job.Hence the girls who go to school are generally not in a condition to avail the services of aganwadi affecting Udita related schemes as well.

Matrix of Difficulty in Implementation of the Scheme in various districts as stated by Anganwadi workers in these selected districts. Districts Non availability of

Pad or irregular supply.

Demanding Free supply or discounted price.

Poor quality of Sanitary pad(Thin,Get wets easily,No of pads less in a packet)

Jabalpur Jhabua Alirajpur Bhopal Mandla Indore Ujjain Badwani Indore Sagar Comparison of issues stated of difficulties by aganwadi workers and beneficiaries.

1. 88% beneficiaries stated that there is availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi and

12% stated that there is no sanitary pad in aganwadi.Hence the aganwadi workers are managing its supply at their individual level by purchasing it with their own money. Availability is ensured but such system affects its regular supply 85% beneficiaries shared that visit of aganwadi needs to be done 1 to 2 times to get sanitary pad,13% stated visit needs to be made 2 to 3 times and 2% more than three times.

2. 83% of the beneficiary of Udita corner appreciated the quality of sanitary pad in

various parameters such as easy to use, comfortable, longlasting and feels comfortable day long as mostly beneficiaries of Udita belonged to lower economic condition as 65% respondents belonged to Below Poverty line as well .18% of the respondents stated that it gets wet easily hence it needs to be changed in shortduration. Beneficiaries of Jhabua(22%),Alirajpur (20%) and Badwani (21%) stated that sanitary pad gets wet easily.



Chapter - 4.Major Findings

1. To understand the awareness level of adolescent girls and women about the Udita Scheme.

-61% of the total respondents have information of Udita scheme and 39% respondents do not have information about Udita scheme.Out of the respondents who do not have information 13% are Udita beneficiaries and 87% are non beneficiaries.(refer to table no 3.1.8). -Information level of Udita scheme :27% had information that sanitary pad is available.23% had information related to menstruation and 18% on sanitary pad and its disposal and 15% on aneamia and nutrition.16% of the respondents have heard about Udita scheme but they donot have any information on it. Out of this 16% respondents who donot have any information on Udita scheme 13% are Udita beneficiaries and 87% are non beneficiary.(refer to table no 3.1.11) -Source of Information:91% of respondents both beneficiary and non beneficiary of the Udita scheme have information of the scheme through aganwadi worker as it’s the major source of information. Friends are the second source of information which is 6%.Only 1% of information is received through school.No information is received through Hostels, Newspaper, Television (Doordarshan) and Newspaper.(refer to table no 3.1.9). 60% respondents stated that there is publicity of the scheme at village level.Publicity is majorly done by aganwadi worker(87%) followed by Ngo’s (11%) and department camps only(2%).No efforts are being done in wall writting, distribution of pamphlet and Nukkadnataks. (refer to table 3.1.10 and b). 60% respondents stated that there is publicity of the scheme at village level. Publicity is majorly done by aganwadi worker(87%) followed by Ngo’s (11%) and department camps only(2%).No efforts are being done in wallwritting, distribution of pamphlet and Nukkadnataks.(refer to graph no 3.1.10) 2. To understand the availability of Sanitary Napkin at aganwadis and other places.

88% beneficiaries stated that there is availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi and 12% stated that there is no sanitary pad in aganwadi.8 districts out of 10 selected districts stated non availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi Kendra.Highest being in badwani(55%) followed by Jhabua(18%),Mandla(15%),Alirajpur(13%).Sagar and Ujjain are the only two districts where 100% of the beneficiary stated that there is a supply of sanitary pad.Badwani being the district where Udita scheme was launched since 2015-2016 inspite of this the non availability of sanitary pad is a serious issue as 55% responded stated this whereas Indore only 5% which is also one of the district where Udita corner was started in the first phase.(refer to graph 3.2.2).

At the village level and city level 42% of the respondents both beneficiary and non beneficiary of Udita scheme stated that there is availability of sanitary pad at local store and medical store) and 50% of the total respondents in rural and urban areas buy it from market. With regards to availability of sanitary pad at aganwadis 28% respondents stated that it is available in aganwadi and 31% stated that it is purchased from Udita Corner.Hence there is dependence on market for its availability and purchase .



At the village level only 5% is available in schools and 3% of the respondents stated that it is purchased from schools.In hostels there is no availability and purchase of sanitary pad. 2% of the respondents stated that there is availability of sanitary pad through vending machine and 1% is purchased through it and only 4% is available through Self Help groups. Most of the vending machines are installed in hospitals (35%),aganwadis (34%) and schools(25%).Availability of sanitary pad in aganwadis is highest in Indore as stated by 44% respondents followed by 34% respondents of Mandla and 32% in Bhopal and lowest availability in Dindori 1% and 18% in Jhabua.

88% of the respondents stated the non availability of vending machine at their village level. In districts Dindori,Jhabua and Sagar there was no availability of Vending machine. Availability of vending machine in railway stations is only 6% as stated by respondents. Sanitary pad made available through vending machines installed at aganwadis is highest in Indore as stated by 61% respondents followed by 52% respondents in Alirajpur and 42% in Bhopal.( refer to graph no 3.1.14, 3.1.21 and 3.1.25(a).

Note :The untimely/irregular availability of Sanitary pad is further analyzed in the point no 4(To assess the barriers in availability of sanitary pads for adolescent girls and women.)

3. To understand the disposal system of Sanitary napkins.

91% beneficiaries had information on disposal of sanitary pad and only 9% donot have any information on the process of disposal of sanitary pad. Out of the beneficiaries who donot have information on the disposal 19% are Udita beneficiaries and 81% are nonbeneficiaries.(refer to graph no 3.1.27).Highest percentage(46%) of beneficiaries of Udita Scheme stated that burning of sanitary pad is being done, followed by 33% disposal in garbage,20% by dugging it under the surface and 1% by throwing it in water.(refer to graph no 3.1.28)

Only 2% of the beneficiaries stated that there is availability of incinerator at village level.Its available in Ujjain,Alirajpur,Badwani,Mandla,Indore,Jhabua and Sagar.

4. To assess the barriers in availability of sanitary pads for adolescent girls and women.

86% respondents stated that there is easy availability of sanitary pad at their local level and in 14% places there is difficulty in availability of sanitary pad.84% beneficiaries of Udita scheme stated that there is timely availability of sanitary pad and 16% shared that there is untimely/irregular availability of sanitary pad. In Badwani district highest percentage of beneficiaries of Udita scheme 53% responded on the irregular availability of Udita scheme, followed by Jhabua and Mandla (30%) ,10% in Sagar and 3% each in Dindori and Jabalpur.(refer to graph no 3.1.22 and 3.2.9).

85% beneficiaries shared that visit of aganwadi needs to be done 1 to 2 times to get sanitary pad,13% stated visit needs to be made 2 to 3 times and 2% more than three times. In Badwani district 19% beneficiaries stated that visit needs to be made two to three times and in Mandla 3% stated that visits need to be made more than three times.



92% respondents shared that aganwadi is within 2 kms and 8% shared that its between 2 to 4 kms and there are no beneficiaries whose need to go to aganwadi which is more than 4 kms. In Mandla and Alirajpur districts 18% and 12% beneficiaries of Udita scheme shared that the distance of aganwadi is from 2 to 4 kms.Therefore in Mandla district in some aganwadis the distance of aganwadi from home and frequency of visits is more.Hence inspite of less percentage of untimely and irregular availability of sanitary pad by doing a deeper analysis we find that frequency of visists of aganwadi are higher in some districts and distance of aganwadi is also high.Cost of sanitary pad is a major issue as 26% of all respondents stated that it is a major problem faced in using sanitary pad,25% stated that they feel shame in purchasing sanitary pad from shop and 22% stated that money is not given by family members to purchase sanitary pad.So there is a problem of reach and access.98% beneficiaries of Udita scheme want to continue its usage hence there is a need of solving these barriers.( refer to graph no 3.2.8 and 3.2.10 and 3.1.23).

In Udita scheme one of the major component is creating awareness about Menstruation related hygiene but in the study finding state that only 23% of the respondents have some information related to menstruation,18% on its usage and disposal and 15% on aneamia and nutrition related information. If we analyze it only 30% respondents have correct and scientific information on menstruation.57% of the respondents have some information related to menstruation but it’s not correct and scientific(45% its impure blood and 12% its god wish) and among 14% of the respondents there is total ignorance.97% respondents of Dindori stated that it is impure blood,50% in Badwani and 44% respondents stated this in Jabalpur district. Hence there is a strong need of imparting information related to menstruation and work specifically related to its myths and taboos. (refer to graph 3.1.11 and 3.1.15).

The aganwadi workers stated that there is no supply of sanitary pad by government they have to purchase the sanitary pad with their own expenses and later sell it.The beneficiaries expect that it needs to be sold free or in a discounted rate as they have not in a condition due to low economic condition or expectation that it’s a government scheme hence it needs to be supplied free.The quality of sanitary pad needs to be made better as it gets wet easily.This has been also stated by 18% of the beneficiaries of Udita scheme.



Chapter-5. Recommendations:

1.There is a need of enhancing and revisiting of sanitary pad quality and its distribution system: Regular supply of sanitary pad needs to be done by the department rather than instructing aganwadi workers to ensure the availability of sanitary pads at their own level.Supply of sanitary pad needs to be done free is some districts where the beneficiaries are economically weak such as tribal and scheduled caste dominated districts or making it available free in all districts as availability of free sanitary pad would ensure behavior change in menstrual management and hygiene by changing from usage of cloth to sanitary pads and changing of pads is a timely manner as per prescribed norm of hygiene.Quality and Price of sanitary pad should be looked into so that repeated usage can be promoted. In some districts it is available free and in some it’s available more than twenty rupees at aganwadis.Inspite of good economic condition decision makers of family (majorly male earning members) donot allow expenses to be made on sanitary pad considering it as a non issue and wastage of money.22% respondents stated that money is not given by family members to purchase sanitary pad.Aganwadi Kendras,Government schools and hostels have predominant beneficiaries of lower or middle economic class. 2.Vending machines should be installed in priority in public places or such places where there is lack of privacy: Girls and women feel shy to demand/purchase sanitary pad. Adolescent girls specifically feel shy to purchase sanitary pad from market or in cases of travel and in coeducation schools as well.

3.In districts where beneficiaries are still using cloth there is need of giving them proper information on the usage of cloth as well till they shift to use of sanitary pad as it would lead of infection.Out of 17% who do not use sanitary pad use cloth have very less information on proper usage of cloth as only 5 % had information about how it should be washed and properly dried in sun and it should also be changed 3 to 4 times a day.

4. There is a need of studying the purchase of sanitary pad of those districts where there is major dependence of purchase from market (local stores and medical shops) inspite of being socially and economically deprived and disadvantaged to ensure continuity of usage of sanitary pad as 50% of the respondents both beneficiary and no beneficiary of Udita scheme buy sanitary pad from the market followed by 31% from Udita Corner. Dindori (87%) Sagar (58%),Alirajpur(47%) are these districts out of these selected 10 districts where purchase is being highly made from market. 5. All components of Udita scheme should be available and other services for adolescents to increase the no of beneficiaries in aganwadi such as information sharing on menstruation, importance of nutrition, interconnection between nutrition aneamia and menstruation, reproductive tract infection, disposal of sanitary napkin, demystifying myths and taboos, gender ,availability of sanitary pad of good quality on a regular basis and even getting feedback from beneficiaries who are using it to make behavioural change of those beneficiaries specifically who are shifting from cloth to sanitary pad.



6.Other Suggestions given by Aganwadi Workers To improve the quality of the Sanitary pad so that it lasts for a longer time. The sanitary

pad length should be increased and should be more thick with use of more cotton. More sanitary pad should be available in a packet a minimum of 8 sanitary pads.

Availability of good quality of pad in cheap cost or free of cost. There is a need of time to time trainings related to Nutrition, Menstrual Hygiene and

Reproductive Tract Infection. Installation of Vending Machine. Timely monthly availability of Sanitary Pad of good quality would increase the access of

services under Udita Scheme. Aganwadi workers need training on behavior change communication specifically with

adolescent girls mother as they themselves use cloth. The fourth Mangal Diwas celebrated for adolescent girls doesn’t ensure participation of

these girls as they are busy in school. Suggestions related to Interdepartmental Coordination facilitated by Women and Child Welfare department 1.Capacity building of aganwadi worker and development of IEC material: Aganwadi workers are the pivotal of the scheme hence there capacity building in various aspects of Menstrual hygiene and Menstrual management is necessary.16% of the respondents have heard about the scheme but donot have information on various aspects of the scheme.This indicates that aganwadi workers have not properly communicated on this matter specially information on the menstruation process and demystifying myths and taboos around menstruation.Aganwadi workers themselves are part of the community and they themselves have lack of information on this thematic area and taboos.Various series of capacity building programmes would make them confident to communicate on this thematic area to adolescents girls and their parents/guardians even men as well. There is a need of providing simplified information to adolescents girls and their family members on menstrual health and hygiene is necessary.As per study majority of the respondents were educated till 10th standard only.Hence aganwadi or schools are the only places from where they can get proper information on menstrual health and hygience.After passing 10th standard the opportunity of getting higher education gets lesser and chances of drop out from education and resultant child marriage gets higher. Educating adolescent girls about menstruation leads to adoption of safe menstrual hygiene management practices. There is a need of IEC material with details of the scheme as there is no pamphlet with regards to publicity of the scheme and it’s majorly dependent on efforts made by aganwadi worker.This process would help in increasing the value of Udita Corner rather than being seen only as a point of availability of sanitary pad.Proper communication with adolescent girls, their parents would decrease the hesitation of adolescent girls and the parents would also realize the importance of menstrual hygiene and would also allow them to spend on sanitary pads and create a taboo free environment at home and society at large as well.Handholding support can be provided by RKSK-Rashtriya kishor Swasthya Karyakram team members at village level to aganwadi workers being implemented in 13 districts of MadhyaPradesh.



2. Schools and Hostels should make more efforts in orientation of adolescent girls on menstrual health and the implementation of Udita scheme with proper availability of sanitary pad and other resources of toilet, water, disposal etc:

Only 1% information is being shared through schools and 0% through hostels.Water, sanitation and hygiene facilities that are responsive to the needs of girls and women during menstruation are critical to menstrual hygiene. Girls and women generally use toilets more frequently and for a longer period of time than boys and men, especially while managing their menses, when pregnant, or during other periods of extended vaginal bleeding. Female friendly toilet has been coined to refer to - a safe and conveniently located toilet, separated by gender (if communal or public), which provides privacy (doors, locks), a culturally appropriate menstrual waste disposal option (dustbins, chutes, pits), water and soap is available for washing blood off one’s hands (water tap or bucket), suitable drainage and accessibility.In aganwadi and schools such services should be available as there is lack of water supply, functional toilets and disposal facilities of used sanitary pad in aganwadi and schools as this would facilitate using of sanitary pad and its timely change with cleaning of genital organs.Coordination can be done with RKSK programme of Health department regarding its implementation in school and Hostel level.

3.Inclusion of school going girls in Udita scheme by expanding services at school and hostel level to increase its reach and access: As per the study 17% of the respondents (girls) were not going to school.Out of this percentage of girls not going to school 58% were beneficiary of Udita Scheme and 43% who were non beneficiary of Udita Scheme.Hence when girls go to school they donot have time to avail the services of Udita Corner at aganwadi.There is a need of ensure that no adolescent girl are left behind, reaching those enrolled in school as well as those who may not be in school (never attended school or discontinued their education.A government order should be issued to aganwadi workers and ASHA workers to go to nearby schools and hostels for availability of services of Udita Scheme specifically educating on menstrual hygience and creation of Udita Corners at school and hostel level. Incentive can be given to ASHA worker as well for increasing the beneficiaries of Udita Corner from schools and hostels.In various government hostels meant girls there should be regular and free availability of sanitary pad, there should be separate budget regarding it.

4. Availability of sanitary pad at local level through Self Help groups:There is a need of availability of sanitary pad at local level specially through creation of units at the village level and engaging of Self help groups in its production and distribution. It would reduce the distribution cost of government and would provide livelihood to women as well. Various successful models operation at MadhyaPradesh or other states need detailed study so that they could be replicated or upgraded.Such models are available in district Chhatarpur as it is being implemented by a ngo named Dharti in 150 villages. Engaging of NRLM –Aajeevika mission groups for production and distribution of sanitary pad as its being done in some districts of MadhyaPradesh.



5.Working on a workable model of disposable system and increasing the interdepartmental coordination regarding it: As per as the study major respondents dispose or burn it in open spaces which has a negative impact on environment. Incinerators are also not a viable options as its fume due to burning of biowaste is not allowed by pollution control board.In this context dugging of sanitary pad or available of proper disposable system through local bodies municipality and panchayats needs to be made.The Panchayat needs to utilize its funds for available of human power to collect waste door to door as its available in urban areas.In Urban areas the seggregation of waste is done in dry and wet category only the third category of Domestic hazardous waste should be implemented,so that used sanitary pads could be disposed separatedly.Till then such systems are established proper spaces should be marked where dugging of such waste can be made which are available at public space and which is in the school and hostel campus as well.Disposal is an important component of promoting usage of sanitary pad as there is a myth specifically in tribal districts that used sanitary pad and cloth attracts negative energy and there would be some ill omen on the girl/women using it.Hence girl/women prefer using cloth as it can be washed for repeated usage and thrown after washing it.



Chapter- 6.Annexure 3.1 .a Respondents from Urban and Rural areas

District Urban Rural Total

Alirajpur 50% 50% 100%

Badwani 51% 49% 100%

Bhopal 50% 50% 100%

Dindori 51% 49% 100%

Indore 50% 50% 100%

Jabalpur 50% 50% 100%

Jhabua 53% 48% 100%

Mandla 68% 33% 100%

Sagar 50% 50% 100%

Ujjain 48% 53% 100%

State 52% 48% 100%

3.1.b Respondents Registered in Aganwadi

District Yes No Total


Badwani 33% 67% 100%

Bhopal 72% 28% 100%

Dindori 33% 67% 100%

Indore 33% 67% 100%

Jabalpur 76% 24% 100%

Jhabua 65% 35% 100%

Mandla 34% 66% 100%

Sagar 69% 31% 100%

Ujjain 39% 61% 100%

State 49% 51% 100%



3.1. c If yes registered in which scheme/project.

District Udita other Schemes Total


Badwani 100% 0% 100%

Bhopal 47% 53% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 100% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 44% 56% 100%

Jhabua 51% 49% 100%

Mandla 98% 2% 100%

Sagar 48% 52% 100%

Ujjain 85% 15% 100%

State 68% 32% 100%

3.1.2 Age of Respondents

District 10-20

year

21-30 year 31years and

above.

Total

Alirajpur 66% 31% 3% 100%

Badwani 44% 43% 13% 100%

Bhopal 54% 38% 8% 100%

Dindori 34% 48% 18% 100%

Indore 43% 36% 21% 100%

Jabalpur 54% 33% 13% 100%

Jhabua 39% 43% 18% 100%

Mandla 50% 36% 14% 100%

Sagar 43% 44% 13% 100%

Ujjain 55% 29% 16% 100%

State 48% 38% 14% 100%



3.1.3(a) Marital Status of respondents

District Unmarried

adolescent girl

Unmarried

women

Married Women Total

Alirajpur 66% 8% 26% 100%

Badwani 42% 3% 56% 100%

Bhopal 55% 3% 42% 100%

Dindori 33% 8% 58% 100%

Indore 45% 0% 55% 100%

Jabalpur 56% 0% 44% 100%

Jhabua 51% 0% 49% 100%

Mandla 59% 3% 38% 100%

Sagar 48% 16% 36% 100%

Ujjain 67% 2% 32% 100%

State 52% 4% 44% 100%

3.1.3 (b) If married, then no of children

District One Two Two to Three No

Children

Pregnant Total

Alirajpur 39% 45% 6% 0% 10% 100%

Badwani 13% 49% 31% 4% 1% 100%

Bhopal 24% 54% 16% 0% 6% 100%

Dindori 43% 46% 7% 4% 0% 100%

Indore 17% 48% 26% 5% 5% 100%

Jabalpur 17% 42% 19% 8% 15% 100%

Jhabua 15% 41% 20% 3% 20% 100%

Mandla 26% 39% 11% 9% 15% 100%

Sagar 14% 28% 28% 12% 19% 100%

Ujjain 16% 68% 11% 5% 0% 100%

State 22% 46% 18% 5% 9% 100%



3.1.4 Educational Status

District Uneducated 5th to 8th

standard

10th pass Graduation Total

Alirajpur 31% 39% 19% 11% 100%

Badwani 15% 42% 35% 8% 100%

Bhopal 13% 48% 38% 1% 100%

Dindori 0% 21% 35% 44% 100%

Indore 7% 38% 46% 10% 100%

Jabalpur 12% 42% 43% 4% 100%

Jhabua 48% 27% 21% 4% 100%

Mandla 12% 28% 46% 14% 100%

Sagar 13% 34% 41% 12% 100%

Ujjain 18% 38% 32% 13% 100%

States 17% 36% 36% 12% 100%

3.1.5 (a) Caste of Respondents

District Scheduled

Tribe

Scheduled

Caste

Other

backward

caste(OBC)

General Minority Total

Alirajpur 65% 16% 9% 9% 1% 100%

Badwani 48% 23% 23% 8% 0% 100%

Bhopal 10% 24% 53% 13% 0% 100%

Dindori 7% 46% 39% 8% 0% 100%

Indore 8% 21% 60% 12% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 10% 17% 52% 22% 0% 100%

Jhabua 62% 17% 11% 11% 0% 100%

Mandla 41% 17% 41% 2% 0% 100%

Sagar 19% 16% 56% 9% 0% 100%

Ujjain 14% 20% 40% 22% 4% 100%

State 28% 22% 38% 11% 1% 100%



3.1.5 (b) Religion of respondent

District Hindu Muslim Sikh Christian Others Total

Alirajpur 94% 6% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Badwani 98% 2% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 95% 5% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Indore 88% 12% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 88% 12% 1% 0% 0% 100%

Jhabua 91% 8% 0% 2% 0% 100%

Mandla 98% 2% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Sagar 84% 16% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Ujjain 88% 12% 0% 0% 0% 100%

State 93% 7% 0% 0% 0% 100%

3.1.6 (a)Economic status-Respondents from Below Poverty Line



Badwani 83% 18% 100%

Bhopal 62% 38% 100%

Dindori 35% 65% 100%

Indore 43% 58% 100%

Jabalpur 69% 31% 100%

Jhabua 61% 39% 100%

Mandla 69% 31% 100%

Sagar 90% 10% 100%

Ujjain 57% 43% 100%

State 65% 35% 100%



3.1.6 (b) Source of income of Family

District Agriculture Labour Business Job

Govt/Private

others Total

Alirajpur 43% 38% 10% 9% 1% 100%

Badwani 29% 59% 2% 10% 0% 100%

Bhopal 28% 44% 14% 13% 1% 100%

Dindori 26% 4% 5% 64% 1% 100%

Indore 0% 33% 15% 29% 23% 100%

Jabalpur 8% 40% 26% 26% 0% 100%

Jhabua 44% 19% 12% 2% 23% 100%

Mandla 17% 64% 3% 12% 5% 100%

Sagar 48% 27% 6% 20% 0% 100%

Ujjain 11% 42% 21% 22% 5% 100%

State 25% 37% 11% 21% 6% 100%

3.1.6 (c) Monthly Income of the family from various sources of Income

District Daily Income

100 to 300

rupees

1000-5000 6000-10000 11000-15000

More than

15000

Total

Alirajpur 7% 35% 40% 13% 6% 100%

Badwani 3% 73% 16% 7% 2% 100%

Bhopal 1% 45% 44% 7% 3% 100%

Dindori 2% 23% 13% 22% 41% 100%

Indore 0% 24% 58% 11% 7% 100%

Jabalpur 0% 63% 29% 5% 3% 100%

Jhabua 0% 45% 13% 19% 23% 100%

Mandla 9% 59% 20% 4% 8% 100%

Sagar 8% 46% 26% 11% 9% 100%

Ujjain 8% 33% 41% 12% 7% 100%

State 4% 45% 30% 11% 11% 100%



3.1.7 Current engagements of respondents

State Pursuing

Education

Girls not

going to

school

Housewives Women

doing job

Total

Alirajpur 39% 36% 25% 0% 100%

Badwani 19% 21% 52% 8% 100%

Bhopal 42% 17% 41% 1% 100%

Dindori 29% 5% 47% 19% 100%

Indore 41% 3% 49% 7% 100%

Jabalpur 38% 18% 38% 6% 100%

Jhabua 32% 19% 49% 0% 100%

Mandla 49% 13% 38% 1% 100%

Sagar 50% 12% 30% 8% 100%

Ujjain 44% 24% 27% 5% 100%

State 38% 17% 40% 6% 100%

3.1.8 Information on Udita Scheme



Badwani 43% 57% 100%

Bhopal 73% 28% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 21% 79% 100%

Jabalpur 72% 28% 100%

Jhabua 100% 0% 100%

Mandla 55% 45% 100%

Sagar 84% 16% 100%

Ujjain 14% 86% 100%

State 61% 39% 100%



3.1.9 Source of information on Udita Scheme

District Aganwadi

Worker

school Hostel Friends Family/Re

latives

News

paper

Television

(Doordrashan)

Total

Alirajpur 93% 3% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0% 100%

Badwani 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 89% 3% 0% 3% 3% 1% 0% 100%

Dindori 68% 2% 0% 28% 2% 0% 0% 100%

Indore 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 97% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 100%

Jhabua 98% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Sagar 91% 0% 1% 7% 0% 1% 0% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

State 91% 1% 0% 6% 1% 0% 0% 100%

3.1.10(a) Publicity of the Scheme at Village level

District Yes No Yes


Badwani 34% 66% 100%

Bhopal 74% 26% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 24% 76% 100%

Jabalpur 78% 23% 100%

Jhabua 100% 0% 100%

Mandla 60% 40% 100%

Sagar 63% 37% 100%

Ujjain 13% 88% 100%

State 60% 40% 100%



3.1.10 (b) If yes source of information at village level

District NGO's Aganwadi Worker

Departmental Camp

Nukkad Natak

Distribution of Pamphlet

Wall writing

Total

Alirajpur 10% 87% 3% 0% 0% 0% 100% Badwani 2% 98% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Bhopal 13% 87% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Dindori 32% 67% 1% 1% 0% 0% 100% Indore 17% 69% 14% 0% 0% 0% 100% Jabalpur 12% 87% 1% 0% 0% 0% 100% Jhabua 1% 99% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Mandla 3% 94% 3% 0% 0% 0% 100% Sagar 7% 93% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Ujjain 7% 87% 7% 0% 0% 0% 100% State 11% 87% 2% 0% 0% 0% 100%

3.1.11 Information level of the Udita scheme

District Sanitary Pad is available

Information related to

Menstruation

Sanitary pad usage

and its disposal

Aneamia and

Nutrition related to

Information

No information

Total

Alirajpur 24% 23% 16% 13% 23% 100% Badwani 22% 21% 17% 15% 24% 100% Bhopal 33% 25% 16% 15% 12% 100% Dindori 33% 25% 24% 18% 0% 100% Indore 7% 19% 5% 4% 65% 100% Jabalpur 28% 26% 17% 20% 9% 100% Jhabua 30% 32% 22% 16% 0% 100% Mandla 27% 24% 16% 13% 21% 100% Sagar 36% 17% 23% 21% 2% 100% Ujjain 16% 9% 2% 2% 71% 100% State 27% 23% 18% 15% 16% 100%



3.1.12(a) Usage of Sanitary pad during Menstruation



Badwani 73% 28% 100%

Bhopal 78% 22% 100%

Dindori 98% 2% 100%

Indore 73% 27% 100%

Jabalpur 73% 28% 100%

Jhabua 98% 2% 100%

Mandla 77% 23% 100%

Sagar 97% 3% 100%

Ujjain 94% 6% 100%

State 84% 16% 100%

3.1.12 (b) If not sanitary pad other source of usage

District Cloth Ash/Dried

leaf/Mud

Others Total

Alirajpur 100% 0% 0% 100%

Badwani 100% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 100% 0% 0% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 0% 100%

Indore 100% 0% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 100% 0% 0% 100%

Jhabua 100% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 100% 0% 0% 100%

Sagar 100% 0% 0% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 0% 100%

State 100% 0% 0% 100%



3.1.13 If yes monthly expenses on one packet of sanitary pad.

District Rs.20-30 Rs.30-40 Rs.40-50 More than 50

rupees

Total

Alirajpur 67% 27% 6% 0% 100%

Badwani 82% 17% 1% 0% 100%

Bhopal 47% 50% 2% 1% 100%

Dindori 77% 15% 7% 1% 100%

Indore 60% 31% 7% 2% 100%

Jabalpur 29% 64% 5% 2% 100%

Jhabua 97% 3% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 76% 23% 1% 0% 100%

Sagar 39% 60% 1% 0% 100%

Ujjain 58% 39% 4% 0% 100%

District 64% 32% 3% 1% 100%

3.1.14 Place of purchase of sanitary pad

District Udita

Corner of

aganwadi.

From

market

School Hostel Wending

machine

Hospital Sanitary

pad not

used

Total

Alirajpur 27% 47% 2% 0% 1% 4% 19% 100%

Badwani 30% 43% 0% 0% 0% 0% 27% 100%

Bhopal 24% 46% 10% 1% 3% 3% 13% 100%

Dindori 11% 87% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 100%

Indore 32% 47% 3% 0% 0% 0% 18% 100%

Jabalpur 29% 44% 7% 0% 0% 2% 18% 100%

Jhabua 41% 40% 0% 0% 0% 17% 1% 100%

Mandla 29% 46% 3% 0% 1% 5% 17% 100%

Sagar 38% 58% 1% 0% 0% 0% 3% 100%

Ujjain 41% 51% 3% 0% 0% 1% 5% 100%

State 31% 50% 3% 0% 1% 4% 12% 100%



3.1.15 Understanding on Menstruation

District Impure

blood

Necessary

for birth

of child.

Its god

wish.

Family

creation

It’s a

pure

process.

Not

Known

Total

Alirajpur 36% 18% 13% 6% 13% 14% 100%

Badwani 50% 20% 21% 8% 1% 1% 100%

Bhopal 43% 18% 2% 8% 18% 13% 100%

Dindori 97% 0% 2% 0% 2% 0% 100%

Indore 29% 9% 11% 6% 4% 41% 100%

Jabalpur 44% 18% 1% 11% 23% 3% 100%

Jhabua 39% 17% 43% 1% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 39% 16% 18% 4% 13% 10% 100%

Sagar 37% 30% 10% 14% 9% 0% 100%

Ujjain 32% 3% 1% 3% 3% 58% 100%

State 45% 15% 12% 6% 9% 14% 100%

3.1.16Information on Best Medium of usage during menstruation

District Sanitary pad Cloth Dried

leaves/Mud

Ohers Total

Alirajpur 83% 17% 0% 0% 100%

Badwani 78% 23% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 89% 11% 0% 0% 100%

Dindori 95% 5% 0% 0% 100%

Indore 86% 14% 0% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 93% 8% 0% 0% 100%

Jhabua 98% 2% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 86% 14% 0% 0% 100%

Sagar 97% 3% 0% 0% 100%

Ujjain 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%

State 90% 10% 0% 0% 100%



3.1.17Information on menstrual hygiene

District Sanitary pad change 3 to 4 times

a day.

Cloth changed

3 to 4 times a

day

Cloth washed by hot water

and dried in

sunlight

Bathing properly

Proper disposal of pad/cloth

after usage

Total

Alirajpur 28% 10% 7% 31% 23% 100%

Badwani 37% 9% 4% 22% 28% 100%

Bhopal 37% 13% 4% 31% 16% 100%

Dindori 50% 1% 3% 44% 2% 100%

Indore 13% 2% 10% 62% 13% 100%

Jabalpur 32% 9% 7% 37% 15% 100%

Jhabua 33% 1% 1% 33% 32% 100%

Mandla 32% 9% 7% 29% 23% 100%

Sagar 38% 5% 4% 19% 34% 100%

Ujjain 43% 3% 2% 42% 10% 100%

State 35% 6% 5% 34% 20% 100%

3.1.18Information on infections due to unhygienic menstrual management

District Inflammation

in uterus

Repeated urge

of urination

White discharge

and itchiness.

No

information

Total

Alirajpur 25% 18% 34% 23% 100%

Badwani 25% 27% 41% 8% 100%

Bhopal 36% 13% 42% 9% 100%

Dindori 44% 11% 45% 0% 100%

Indore 1% 1% 38% 61% 100%

Jabalpur 37% 18% 42% 2% 100%

Jhabua 35% 32% 31% 2% 100%

Mandla 28% 13% 42% 16% 100%

Sagar 35% 24% 41% 1% 100%

Ujjain 11% 2% 79% 8% 100%

State 30% 18% 42% 10% 100%



3.1.19(a)Information related to Balanced diet available in Udita Corner



Badwani 100% 0% 100%

Bhopal 98% 3% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 78% 23% 100%

Jabalpur 98% 3% 100%

Jhabua 100% 0% 100%

Mandla 100% 0% 100%

Sagar 98% 3% 100%

Ujjain 85% 15% 100%

State 94% 6% 100%

3.1.19 (b) Type of information on Balanced diet received

District Intake of

Pulses and

Milk for

Protein and

calcium.

Intake of Sour

food and Green

Vegetables for

Vitamins and

Minerals.

Fat and

Oil intake

Iron and

Minerals

through Green

leafy

vegetables

Total

Alirajpur 38% 25% 17% 20% 100%

Badwani 33% 23% 21% 23% 100%

Bhopal 47% 35% 7% 11% 100%

Dindori 38% 38% 20% 5% 100%

Indore 68% 30% 2% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 45% 37% 9% 9% 100%

Jhabua 35% 34% 2% 29% 100%

Mandla 42% 23% 16% 19% 100%

Sagar 33% 26% 11% 30% 100%

Ujjain 41% 24% 0% 35% 100%

State 40% 29% 11% 19% 100%



3.1.19(c) Awareness on negative impacts on lack of balanced diet

District Weakness, Irritation and

giddiness.

Bones become weaker

Repeated illness

Less weight

Less hemoglobin

Total

Alirajpur 9% 18% 45% 9% 18% 100%

Badwani 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Bhopal 33% 33% 0% 33% 0% 100%

Dindori 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Indore 0% 8% 69% 8% 15% 100%

Jabalpur 33% 33% 0% 0% 33% 100%

Jhabua 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mandla 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sagar 33% 33% 33% 0% 0% 100%

Ujjain 42% 8% 8% 17% 25% 100%

State 20% 16% 36% 11% 18% 100%

3.1.19(d) Information on reasons of aneamia

District Heavy blood discharge

Deficiency of Iron

and Protein in food.

Less hemoglobin

as per standards.

Lack of Vitamin

C

Marriage and childbirth in young age.

No information

Total

Alirajpur 23% 16% 16% 9% 19% 16% 100%

Badwani 30% 11% 19% 7% 31% 3% 100%

Bhopal 26% 11% 12% 12% 6% 34% 100%

Dindori 14% 27% 22% 15% 23% 0% 100%

Indore 17% 16% 2% 4% 1% 60% 100%

Jabalpur 33% 17% 13% 4% 2% 31% 100%

Jhabua 30% 17% 22% 0% 30% 1% 100%

Mandla 26% 18% 16% 6% 18% 17% 100%

Sagar 11% 37% 37% 12% 2% 1% 100%

Ujjain 20% 48% 2% 2% 0% 27% 100%

State 23% 21% 19% 8% 16% 13% 100%



3.1.20Information on various food sources for increasing the nutrition level

District Green Vegetables

Vitamin C rich fruits

and vegetables.

Sprouts intake

Intake of non veg food.

Total

Alirajpur 38% 30% 14% 18% 100%

Badwani 40% 14% 14% 31% 100%

Bhopal 43% 32% 8% 17% 100%

Dindori 32% 28% 23% 17% 100%

Indore 34% 56% 1% 9% 100%

Jabalpur 39% 35% 8% 18% 100%

Jhabua 30% 29% 27% 14% 100%

Mandla 38% 31% 12% 20% 100%

Sagar 38% 27% 34% 1% 100%

Ujjain 46% 37% 15% 3% 100%

State 37% 31% 17% 15% 100%

3.1.21Availability of sanitary pad in village/city

District SHG. Local store/medical store.

Govt /Private Hospital

Aganwadi kendra

school wending machine

Hostel others

Total

Alirajpur 5% 42% 15% 32% 4% 2% 0% 0% 100%

Badwani 14% 27% 30% 29% 1% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 5% 35% 11% 32% 10% 6% 0% 0% 100%

Dindori 1% 51% 46% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Indore 0% 46% 2% 44% 7% 2% 0% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 3% 45% 11% 31% 9% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Jhabua 1% 41% 41% 18% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 4% 37% 19% 34% 3% 2% 0% 0% 100%

Sagar 5% 56% 11% 26% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Ujjain 0% 44% 13% 33% 7% 3% 0% 0% 100%

State 4% 42% 20% 28% 5% 2% 0% 0% 100%



3.1.22Availability status of sanitary pad in respondents locality.



Badwani 38% 62% 100%

Bhopal 90% 10% 100%

Dindori 98% 2% 100%

Indore 100% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 89% 11% 100%

Jhabua 93% 8% 100%

Mandla 73% 27% 100%

Sagar 99% 1% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 100%

State 86% 14% 100%

3.1.23Problems faced in getting sanitary pad

District shame in purchasing from shop

Money not given

by family

Bad experience of using sanitary

pad.

Costly sanitary pad

Less stalk in aganwadi and shop

Aganwadi stays closed

Aganwadi is far away from

home.

Shop is far away from

home.

Total

Alirajpur 29% 19% 3% 24% 0% 0% 13% 11% 100%

Badwani 27% 25% 7% 31% 3% 1% 3% 3% 100%

Bhopal 28% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 32% 36% 100%

Dindori 40% 20% 0% 20% 0% 0% 0% 20% 100%

Indore 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Jabalpur 0% 11% 0% 26% 0% 0% 5% 58% 100%

Jhabua 18% 18% 3% 9% 27% 12% 9% 3% 100%

Mandla 27% 31% 4% 35% 0% 0% 0% 4% 100%

Sagar 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Ujjain 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

State 25% 22% 4% 26% 4% 1% 7% 10% 100%



3.1.24 Availability of vending machine



Badwani 19% 81% 100%

Bhopal 20% 80% 100%

Dindori 0% 100% 100%

Indore 23% 77% 100%


Jhabua 0% 100% 100%

Mandla 23% 77% 100%

Sagar 0% 100% 100%

Ujjain 10% 90% 100%

State 12% 88% 100%

3.1.25 (a) Place where vending machine is installed

District School Hospital Aganwadi Hostel Railway

Station

Other

places

Total

Alirajpur 14% 33% 52% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Badwani 4% 96% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 50% 0% 42% 0% 8% 0% 100%

Dindori 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Indore 29% 7% 61% 0% 4% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 60% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Jhabua 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mandla 14% 54% 32% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Sagar 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Ujjain 33% 8% 8% 0% 50% 0% 100%

State 25% 35% 34% 0% 6% 0% 100%



3.1.25(b) Vending machine used in any other place besides your village/city.



Badwani 3% 98% 100%

Bhopal 5% 95% 100%

Dindori 0% 100% 100%

Indore 9% 91% 100%

Jabalpur 0% 100% 100%

Jhabua 0% 100% 100%

Mandla 5% 95% 100%

Sagar 0% 100% 100%

Ujjain 4% 96% 100%

State 3% 97% 100%

3.1.26Type of Denominator of Coin used in vending machine

Districts 1 rupee coin 5 rupee coin 10 rupee coin Total

Alirajpur 33% 67% 0% 100%

Badwani 100% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 17% 67% 17% 100%

Dindori 0% 0% 0% 0%

Indore 0% 100% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 0% 0% 0% 0%

Jhabua 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mandla 67% 17% 17% 100%

Sagar 0% 0% 0% 0%

Ujjain 20% 80% 0% 100%

State 30% 65% 5% 100%



3.1.27 Information on disposal of sanitary pad



Badwani 98% 3% 100%

Bhopal 80% 20% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 100% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 83% 18% 100%

Jhabua 99% 1% 100%

Mandla 89% 11% 100%

Sagar 93% 7% 100%

Ujjain 78% 23% 100%

State 91% 9% 100%

3.1.28 Methods of disposal of used sanitary pad

District Disposed in

garbage

Burning Dugging Thrown in river

Insenitor Total

Alirajpur 34% 45% 20% 2% 0% 100%

Badwani 13% 67% 19% 1% 0% 100%

Bhopal 38% 57% 4% 2% 0% 100%

Dindori 47% 44% 9% 0% 0% 100%

Indore 58% 42% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 29% 63% 5% 3% 0% 100%

Jhabua 22% 41% 36% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 28% 54% 17% 1% 0% 100%

Sagar 16% 3% 82% 0% 0% 100%

Ujjain 38% 54% 6% 0% 1% 100%

State 33% 46% 20% 1% 0% 100%



3.1.29 Availability of Incinerator at Village level



Badwani 3% 97% 100%

Bhopal 0% 100% 100%

Dindori 0% 100% 100%

Indore 1% 99% 100%

Jabalpur 0% 100% 100%

Jhabua 1% 99% 100%

Mandla 3% 97% 100%

Sagar 1% 99% 100%

Ujjain 4% 96% 100%

State 2% 98% 100%

3.2 Findings from beneficiary of Udita Corner established at aganwadi

3.2.1Since when beneficiary of Udita Scheme

District Since 15-16 Since 16-17 Since 17-18 Total

Alirajpur 5% 38% 58% 100%

Badwani 3% 3% 95% 100%

Bhopal 15% 43% 43% 100%

Dindori 15% 68% 18% 100%

Indore 15% 75% 10% 100%

Jabalpur 3% 35% 63% 100%

Jhabua 33% 50% 18% 100%

Mandla 13% 30% 58% 100%

Sagar 5% 60% 35% 100%

Ujjain 30% 33% 38% 100%

State 14% 43% 43% 100%



3.2.2Easy Availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi



Badwani 45% 55% 100%

Bhopal 90% 10% 100%

Dindori 98% 3% 100%

Indore 95% 5% 100%


Jhabua 83% 18% 100%

Mandla 85% 15% 100%

Sagar 100% 0% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 100%

State 88% 12% 100%

3.2.3 Monthly usage pattern of sanitary pad from Udita Corner



Badwani 95% 5% 100%

Bhopal 98% 3% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 80% 20% 100%


Jhabua 100% 0% 100%

Mandla 93% 8% 100%

Sagar 100% 0% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 100%

State 94% 6% 100%



3.2.4Quality of sanitary pad available at Udita Corner

District Easy to use

Comfortable Long lasting Feels comfortable

day long

Pad gets wet in short

duration

Total

Alirajpur 27% 22% 24% 8% 20% 100%

Badwani 21% 21% 21% 16% 21% 100%

Bhopal 32% 27% 17% 6% 17% 100%

Dindori 31% 28% 29% 0% 12% 100%

Indore 29% 22% 16% 27% 7% 100%

Jabalpur 29% 28% 15% 8% 20% 100%

Jhabua 25% 30% 22% 1% 22% 100%

Mandla 27% 20% 24% 10% 19% 100%

Sagar 29% 26% 18% 4% 23% 100%

Ujjain 48% 48% 1% 0% 3% 100%

State 29% 26% 20% 7% 18% 100%

3.2.5Cost of sanitary pad in Udita Corner

District Free 1-10

rupees

11-20 rupees More than

20 rupees

Not

purchased

Total

Alirajpur 0% 30% 20% 35% 15% 100%

Badwani 0% 3% 23% 75% 0% 100%

Bhopal 0% 0% 93% 8% 0% 100%

Dindori 0% 63% 33% 3% 3% 100%

Indore 0% 8% 25% 48% 20% 100%

Jabalpur 15% 0% 10% 73% 3% 100%

Jhabua 0% 50% 50% 0% 0% 100%

Mandla 0% 33% 18% 45% 5% 100%

Sagar 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 100%

Ujjain 0% 5% 90% 5% 0% 100%

State 2% 19% 36% 39% 5% 100%



3.2.6Benefits of usage of sanitary pad

District Safety from

infection

safety in going to public places.

Individual hygiene is

maintained.

No need of

washing

No need of being

ashamed due to blood stains

Total

Alirajpur 24% 21% 17% 21% 16% 100%

Badwani 21% 20% 20% 19% 19% 100%

Bhopal 30% 24% 16% 23% 7% 100%

Dindori 31% 26% 7% 30% 6% 100%

Indore 35% 12% 18% 35% 0% 100%

Jabalpur 35% 27% 19% 17% 3% 100%

Jhabua 22% 22% 11% 24% 20% 100%

Mandla 26% 23% 15% 20% 17% 100%

Sagar 27% 28% 25% 17% 4% 100%

Ujjain 39% 10% 23% 22% 5% 100%

State 28% 22% 17% 22% 11% 100%

3.2.7. (a)Continuation of use of sanitary pad



Badwani 98% 3% 100%

Bhopal 100% 0% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 93% 8% 100%

Jabalpur 100% 0% 100%

Jhabua 100% 0% 100%

Mandla 95% 5% 100%

Sagar 100% 0% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 100%

State 98% 2% 100%



3.2.7(b) Recommending others for Usage of Sanitary Pad



Badwani 100% 0% 100%

Bhopal 100% 0% 100%

Dindori 100% 0% 100%

Indore 95% 5% 100%

Jabalpur 100% 0% 100%

Jhabua 100% 0% 100%

Mandla 100% 0% 100%

Sagar 100% 0% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 100%

State 100% 1% 100%

3.2.8 Distance of aganwadi from beneficiaries home

District 0-2km 2-4km More than 4 km Total

Alirajpur 88% 13% 0% 100%

Badwani 100% 0% 0% 100%

Bhopal 100% 0% 0% 100%

Dindori 0% 0% 0% 0%

Indore 100% 0% 0% 100%


Jhabua 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mandla 83% 18% 0% 100%

Sagar 0% 0% 0% 0%

Ujjain 100% 0% 0% 100%

State 92% 8% 0% 100%



3.2.9 Timely availability of sanitary pad in aganwadi



Badwani 48% 53% 100%

Bhopal 95% 5% 100%

Dindori 98% 3% 100%

Indore 100% 0% 100%


Jhabua 70% 30% 100%

Mandla 70% 30% 100%

Sagar 90% 10% 100%

Ujjain 100% 0% 100%

State 84% 16% 100%

3.2.10 Frequency of visits at aganwadi to get Sanitary Pad

District 1 to 2 times 2 to 3 times More than 3 times Total

Alirajpur 100% 0% 0% 100%

Badwani 81% 19% 0% 100%

Bhopal 100% 0% 0% 100%

Dindori 0% 0% 0% 0%

Indore 0% 0% 0% 0%


Jhabua 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mandla 92% 0% 8% 100%

Sagar 0% 0% 0% 0%

Ujjain 0% 0% 0% 0%

State 85% 13% 2% 100%



3.2.11 Day of week most visited by beneficiary for availing services of Udita Scheme

District Monday Tuesday Never Total

Alirajpur 5% 90% 5% 100%

Badwani 3% 98% 0% 100%

Bhopal 0% 98% 3% 100%

Dindori 0% 0% 0% 0%

Indore 0% 0% 0% 0%


Jhabua 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mandla 8% 90% 3% 100%

Sagar 0% 0% 0% 0%

Ujjain 0% 0% 0% 0%

State 2% 89% 9% 100%



Chapter-7. References

1.Assessing the Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices in Urban and Rural areas of Madhya Pradesh Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 2018.

2.Roadmap to Strengthen Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management in Madhya Pradesh.Government of MadhyaPradesh 2019.

3. Menstrual Health in India |Country Landscape Analysis Prepared for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.



Appendix-A

Photographs of discussion took place between investigators and beneficiaries.

Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh

Documents

Transcript of Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh