Selected important fossiliferous horizons of the Boskovice Basin in the light of the new zoopaleontological data

Nûkteré dÛleÏité fosiliferní horizonty boskovické brázdy ve svûtle nov˘ch zoopaleontologick˘ch v˘zkumÛ

Jaroslav Zajíc1 & Stanislav ·tamberg2

1 Institute of Geology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic, e-mail: zajic@gli.cas.cz2 Regional Museum of Eastern Bohemia, Eli‰ãino nábfieÏí 465, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, e-mail: s.stamberg@muzeumhk.cz

A b s t r a c t : The correlation of a few fossiliferous horizons of the Boskovice Basin is very difficult for the moving of the sedimentation from thesouth to the north and postsedimentation tectonic deformation and breaking of the sedimentary filling to numerous pieces. Six Formations of the Bos-kovice Basin are characterize on the basis of new zoopaleontological data and the correlation of important fossiliferous horizons namely of the nort-hern region is presented. The substantial part is focused on the localities and fauna studied in the last a few years.

K e y w o r d s : zoopaleontology, Lower Permian, Boskovice Basin.

ACTA MUSEI REGINAEHRADECENSIS S. A., 30 (2004): 5-14 ISBN: 80-85031-53-1

5

INTRODUCTION

The sediments of the Boskovice Basin have been theobject of interest to numerous palaeontologists alreadyfrom the middle of nineteen century. The palaeontologicalresearch proceeded in several periods. We record the firstperiod in the second half of 19th century. It is the time ofdiscovering of first amphibians and actinopterygians inthe middle and southern regions of Boskovice Basin(MAKOWSKY 1876, RZEHAK 1881). Prof. J. Augustais a representative of the second period in the twentiethand thirties last century. He discovered several new pala-eontological sites also in the northern region and collectednumerous fauna and flora. The most intensive palaeonto-logical excavations proceeded in the fifties and sixties inthe northern region of Boskovice Basin. The main objectof interest have been discosauriscids which have beenstudied by Z. ·pinar and new finds of insects studied byJ. Kukalová. The last period of the research of BoskoviceBasin begun at eighties of the last century and still conti-nue. The widespread excavation is proceeded by the staffof the Museum of Eastern Bohemia at Hradec Králové inthe northern region in the vicinity of Letovice and in sout-hern region near by the village Neslovice. The completereferences concerning paleontology of the BoskoviceBasin have been presented ZAJÍC (1997) and recentlyIVANOV (2003).

This paper bring in the first chapter biostratigraphyand correlation of important fossiliferous horizons andsurvey of fauna of the Boskovice Basin. The second partis focused on the localities and fauna studied in the lastfew years.

The research of the important horizons of the Bosko-vice Basin has been object of the Grant Project No227/2001/B-Geo/PfiF „Reconstruction of the changes ofenvironment and late variscan development of the easternregion of Bohemian Massif: sedimentary and palaeontolo-

gical record of the Boskovice Basin“ and the acquiredresults are the subject of this report. Some special studywas also supported by the grant project of the Czech Sci-ence Foundation (GAâR 206/00/0942 “Permian acantho-dians of the Czech Republic”) and the grant project of theCzech Science Foundation (GAâR 205/04/0941 “Actino-pterygian fishes from the Lower Permian of BoskoviceFurrow”). Material collected in the course of the GrantProjects and preceeding field works come to 2000 speci-mens of acanthodians, actinopterygians and amphibians isdeposited in the collection of Museum of Eastern Bohe-mia at Hradec Králové. The numerous collections ofamhibia studied by J. Klembara are deposited in the col-lection of National Museum at Bratislava and on theFaculty of Natural Sciences Commenius University atBratislava. Acanthodii are studied by J. Zajíc from theInstitute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the CzechRepublic in Prague and Actinopterygii by S. ·tambergfrom Museum of Eastern Bohemia at Hradec Králové.The specimens figured on figs. 3 – 8 are deposited in thecollection in Museum of Eastern Bohemia at Hradec Krá-lové and they are marked with abbreviation MHK.

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE HORIZONS

Fossil fauna is known from all regions (from south tonorth: Moravsk˘ Krumlov, Rosice-Oslavany, VeverskáBít˘‰ka, Malá Lhota, and Letovice) of the BoskoviceBasin excepted the terminal ones (Miroslav in the southand Jevíãko in the north). However, fauna is also knownfrom the detached southernmost segment near Zöbing inAustria (VASICEK & STEININGER 1996; SCHINDLER& HAMPE 1996). Sediments of the Boskovice Basin aretectonically affected so the originally continuous units aretherefore broken up into the smaller blocks. The correla-tion of numerous separate fossiliferous horizons is more-

6

over complicated by the gradual moving of the sedimen-tation from south to north. The fauna bearing localitiesare, however, in some cases not possible positively sortedinto an existing horizon. The following six stages wereerected on the basis of geographic and biostratigraphicposition:

1) The Rosice-Oslavany Formation

Formation is based on flora because the index fossilsof the presumable Sphaerolepis-Elonichthys biozone werenot found. The rare remains of Edaphosaurus (Oslavany,coal from the dump of the Kukla mine; PRANTL 1943)and one insect wing of the genus Anthracoblattina (Osla-vany, coal seam on the left bank of the river Oslava;SCHNEIDER 1983) were still discovered regardless oftrace fossils. This stage occurs only in the Rosice-Osla-vany region.

2) The Padochov Formation

The Padochov Formation belongs to the lower part ofthe Acanthodes gracilis biozone (the nominal taxon is rat-her common). The Zb˘‰ov and ¤íãany Horizons are notdistinguishable according to faunal content. Both horizonscontain abundant nominal acanthodians Acanthodes gra-cilis (Beyrich, 1848). Characteristic species of the biozoneis also shark. Tiny teeth of this small piscivorous predatorhad typically shaped lateral cusps. Teeth of Bohemiacant-hus carinatus (Fritsch, 1890) were determined from theZb˘‰ov Horizon (ZAJÍC 1996; ZAJÍC, MARTÍNEK,·IMÒNEK & DRÁBKOVÁ 1996). ¤íãany Horizonbelongs to the Spiloblattina weissigensis biozone (basedon insects) because not only the nominal taxon but alsotwo important accompanying species (Moravamylacrisricanyensis Schneider, 1890 and Opsimylacris proceraHaupt, 1952) were found here. This biozone approxima-tely corresponds to the middle phase of the Acanthodesgracilis biozone. The same biozone is known from theLower Goldlauterer Member of the Thüringer Wald orfrom the Maroon Formation in Colorado. SCHNEIDER(1982) parallelized the Spiloblattina weissigensis biozonewith the Sysciophlebia balteana biozone that is knownboth from the Lower Goldlauterer Member of the Thürin-ger Wald and the Cassvill Shales (Dunkard Group) ofWest Virginia.Vertebrates of the Zb˘‰ov Horizon aremostly fragmentary and affected by hair cracks. The newaeduellid actinopterygian is, however, known only fromthe ¤íãany Horizon up to date. Similar faunal assemblagecomes from the Rudník Horizon in the Krkono‰e Pied-mont Basin. This stage is known from the Moravsk˘Krumlov, Rosice-Oslavany, and Veverská Bít˘‰ka regi-ons. The following animal fossils are known:PELECYPODS - Anthraconaia remesi (Mrázek, 1948); A.thuringensis (Geinitz, 1864); Palaeanodonta castor Eich-wald, 1861; P. compressa (Ludwig, 1863); P. posepnyi

Stur, 1905; P. sophiae Schmidt, 1905; P. verneuili (Ama-litzky, 1892).CONCHOSTRACANS - still undetermined pseudestheriids.INSECTS - Blattinopsis (Blattinopsis) angustai Kukalová,1959; B. (B.) antoniana Kukalová, 1959; B. (B.) campe-stris Kukalová, 1965; B. (B.) latissima Kukalová, 1959; B.(B.) martynovae Kukalová, 1959; Blattinopsis sp.; Kash-miroblatta sp.; Moravamylacris ricanyensis Schneider,1980; Moraviptera reticulata Kukalová, 1955; Opsimy-lacris cf. procera Haupt, 1952; Permoedischia moravicaKukalová, 1955; Phyloblatta cf. curvata (Sellards, 1908);P. dyadica (Geinitz, 1880); P. flabellata (Germar, 1842);P. moravica Stehlík, 1932; P. cf. praecurvata Schneider,1984; Phyloblatta sp.; Poroblattina rotundata (Scudder,1885); Spiloblattina weissigensis (Geinitz, 1873).ACANTHODIANS - Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich, 1848).SHARKS - Bohemiacanthus carinatus (Fritsch, 1890).ACTINOPTERYGIANS – Aeduellidae (·TAMBERG 2003c).The species described by RZEHAK (1881) under newspecies names Palaeoniscas moravicus, P. katholitzkia-nus, P. promtus a P. sp. (aff. angustus) are considered asnomina nuda (·TAMBERG 1997).AMPHIBIANS – branchiosaurs; „Moraverpeton“ remesiAugusta, 1947; ?Pelosaurus sp.

3) The Veverská Bít˘‰ka Formation

Any fauna was not found yet.

4) The Lower Letovice Formation

The Lower Letovice Formation belongs to the upperpart of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone (the nominaltaxon is rather less frequent) was found in the Zbraslavec,Zbonûk-Svitávka, and Lubû Horizons. The superpositionof the horizons is, however, still not validated. The MaláLhota and Letovice regions yield fauna of this stage. Theupper part of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone is also affir-med by presence of insect species Sysciophlebia alligans(nominal taxon of the biozone; defined by SCHNEIDER(1982) from the Boskovice Basin), Opsimylacris svitavi-ensis Schneider, 1980 and Moravamylacris sp. Acantho-dian remains are more rare here than in the lower part ofthe biozone. The fossiliferous equivalent was not found inthe Krkono‰e Piedmont Basin up to date. The stratigrap-hically inapplicable fauna of the stage comes chiefly fromthe Kozinec Horizon in the Krkono‰e Piedmont Basin.The Kozinec Horizon yields pelecypods Palaeanodontacastor (Eichwald, 1861) and a tetrapod rib (still undescri-bed find). The exact boundary and relation between theAcanthodes gracilis and Xenacanthus decheni biozonesare not known. An interdigitation of the biozones (in senseof the present definition) is more likely than the superpo-sition. Shark remains are (contrary to the Rudník andKalná Horizons of the Krkono‰e Piedmont Basin) extre-mely rare. The Zbraslavec, Zbonûk-Svitávka, and Lubû

7

Horizons are undistinguishable according their fauna asfollows:PELECYPODS - Palaeanodonta verneuili (Amalitzky,1892)CONCHOSTRACANS - Lioestheria extuberata (Jones &Woodward, 1899)INSECTS - Anthracoblattina spectabilis (Goldenberg,1869); A. sp.; Kunguroblattina cf. elongata Vishniakova,1965; Moravamylacris sp.; Opsimylacris svitaviensisSchneider, 1980; Phyloblatta cf. curvata (Sellards, 1908);P. disiuncta Schneider, 1984, P. dyadica (Geinitz, 1880);P. flabellata (Germar, 1842); P. gimmi Schneider, 1978, P.obliqua Schneider, 1984; P. praecurvata Schneider, 1984;P. sp.; Sysciophlebia alligans Schneider, 1982; Xenoblattaaff. curta (Sellards, 1908), X. deichmuelleri (Geinitz,1880); X. ornatissima (Deichmüller, 1887)ACANTHODIANS - Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich, 1848);Acanthodes n. sp. (see ZAJÍC in press)SHARKS - Triodus cf. sessilis Jordan, 1849ACTINOPTERYGIANS – unidentified scales with sculpturesuggests the genus Elonichthys. Anaglyphus insignis Rze-hak, 1881 is considered to be nomen nudum (·TAM-BERG 1997)AMPHIBIANS - branchiosaurs

5) The Middle Letovice Formation

The Xenacanthus decheni biozone was found in theKochov, Míchov and Baãov Horizons of the Malá Lhotaand Letovice regions. The local horizons are not recogni-zable on the basis of fauna and probably represent oneunit or stratigraphic level. The age of the Xenacanthusdecheni biozone is affirmed by presence of the nominaltaxon and by accompanying occurrence of amphibiansDiscosauriscus. Discosauriscids are known in CzechRepublic (the Boskovice Basin, the Intra-Sudetic Basin)only from this biozone. The insect species Sysciophlebiaalligans evidently pass to the Xenacanthus decheni bio-zone. The Sysciophlebia alligans biozone thus persistsfrom the upper part of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone tothe lower part of the Xenacanthus decheni biozone. TheSysciophlebia alligans biozone is also documented by theaccompanying species Opsimylacris svitaviensis Schnei-der, 1980 and Moravamylacris sp. However, the impor-tant accompanying species Xenoblatta ornatissima(Deichmüller, 1887), Sysciophlebia n. sp. and Spiloblat-tina odernheimensis Schneider, 1982 was discovered.Both latter mentioned biozones are of similar extent(SCHNEIDER 1982) and come from the OdernheimMember of the Saar-Nahe Basin. This stage is possible tocorrelate with the Upper Proseãné Formation in the Krko-no‰e Piedmont Basin and with the Upper Olivûtín Mem-ber in the Intra-Sudetic Basin. Following fauna wasfound:PELECYPODS - anthracosiidsCONCHOSTRACANS - Lioestheria lallyensis (Depéret &Mazeran, 1912)

INSECTS - Alexahymen maruska Kukalová-Peck, 1972;Anthracoblattina spectabilis (Goldenberg, 1869); Apa-chelytron transversum Carpenter & Kukalová, 1964; Bla-nia falsa Kukalová, 1964; B. oviformis Kukalová, 1964;B. rotunda Kukalová, 1964; Boscoleus blandus Kukalová,1969; Brnia raketa Kukalová, 1964; Cerasopterum exten-dum Kukalová, 1964; C. gracile Kukalová, 1964; C. lon-gum Kukalová, 1964; C. oborianum Kukalová, 1964; C.subtile Kukalová, 1964; Chlumia obesa Kukalová, 1964;C. parva Kukalová, 1964; Crasselytron convexum Kuka-lová, 1965; Cymbopsis excelsa Kukalová, 1965; Delopte-rum lepidum Kukalová, 1963; D. sinuosum Kukalová,1963; D. truncatum Kukalová, 1963; Depressopterum fra-gile Kukalová, 1964; D. mancum Kukalová, 1964; D.senior Kukalová, 1964; Diapha candida Kukalová-Peck,1974; Donopterum carpenteri Kukalová, 1964; D. noc-turnum Kukalová, 1964; Doubravia annosa Kukalová,1964; Drahania avia Kukalová, 1964; Elmodiapha ovataKukalová-Peck, 1974; Eocoleus scaber Kukalová, 1969;Epimastax celer Kukalová, 1965; Fumopterum largumKukalová, 1964; Glabelytron lativenosum Kukalová,1965; Glaphyrophelibia clava Kukalová, 1965; Havlatiaannae Kukalová, 1964; Jablonia aestiva Kukalová, 1964;Kunguroblattina cf. elongata Vishniakova, 1965; Libero-coleus intactus Kukalová, 1969; Lioma moravica Kuka-lová, 1964; Maculopterum maculatum Kukalová, 1964;Microptysmella moravica Kukalová-Peck & Willmann,1990; Miomatoneura angusta Kukalová, 1963; Miomato-neurella boskovicensis Kukalová, 1963; M. candidaKukalová, 1963; M. palaeozoica Kukalová, 1963; M. per-mica Kukalová, 1963; Monsteropterum moravicum Kuka-lová-Peck, 1972; Moravamylacris kukalovae Schneider,1980; Moravia convergens Kukalová, 1964; Moravocho-rista carolina Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; Mora-vocoleus fractus Kukalová, 1969; M. neglegens Kuka-lová, 1969; M. perditus Kukalová, 1969; M. permianusKukalová, 1969; Moravohymen vitreus Kukalová-Peck,1972; Oborella inexpectata Kukalová, 1964; O. maturaKukalová, 1964; O. rusticana Kukalová, 1964; Oborialonga Kukalová, 1960; Oborocoleus rohdendorfi Kuka-lová, 1969; Opsimylacris cf. svitaviensis Schneider, 1980;Ortelytron artum Kukalová, 1965; O. europaeum Kuka-lová, 1965; Paradiapha delicatula Kukalová-Peck, 1974;?Permodelopterum lepidum Kukalová, 1963; P. lumbri-formis Kukalová, 1963; P. obscurum Kukalová, 1963;Permodiapha carpenteri Kukalová-Peck, 1974; P. lataKukalová-Peck, 1974; P. specula Kukalová-Peck, 1974;Permonia arta Kukalová, 1963; P. insolida Kukalová,1963; P. permoni Kukalová, 1963; Permonikia permonikiKukalová, 1963; Permula aera Kukalová, 1964; ?Peru-nopterum corium Kukalová, 1963; P. macrum Kukalová,1963; P. mirum Kukalová, 1963; P. peruni Kukalová,1963; P. saxeum Kukalová, 1963; Phyloblatta compacta(Sellards, 1908); P. compactiformis Schneider, 1984;P. curvata (Sellards, 1908); P. deserta Schneider, 1984; P.disiuncta Schneider, 1984; P. obliqua Schneider, 1984;P. praecompacta Schneider, 1984; P. praecurvata Schne-ider, 1984; Planelytron planum Kukalová, 1965; Prospe-

8

rocoleus prosperus Kukalová, 1969; Proto-diapha lineata Kukalová-Peck, 1974; P.maculifera Kukalová-Peck, 1974; Protere-isma sp.; Pseudomerope gallei Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; P. havlati Kuka-lová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; P. marekiKukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; P. obo-rana Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990;Pseudomeropella nekvasilovae Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; Quercopterumdecussatum Kukalová, 1964; Retelytronconopeum Kukalová, 1965; Rugelytron fus-cum Kukalová, 1965; Sharovipterum ala-tum Kukalová, 1964; Skalicia rara Kuka-lová, 1964; Spargoptilon confertus Kuka-lová, 1965; S. latericius Kukalová, 1965;Stenodiapha angusta Kukalová-Peck, 1974;S. moravica Kukalová-Peck, 1974; Steno-merope spinari Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; Subi-obaltta sp.; Sysciophlebia alligans Schneider, 1982; Tor-rentopterum pallidum Kukalová, 1964; Turbopterumfinum Kukalová, 1964; Tyrannopterum minimum Kuka-lová, 1964; Umoricoleus perplex Kukalová, 1969; Venely-tron tuberculatum Kukalová, 1965; Ventopterum rapidumKukalová, 1964; Villopterum proximum Kukalová, 1964;V. villosum Kukalová, 1964; Votocoleus submissus Kuka-lová, 1969; Xenoblatta curta (Sellards, 1908); X. cf. dei-chmuelleri (Geinitz, 1880); X. ornatissima (Deichmüller,1887); Zephyropterum lentum Kukalová, 1964; undescri-bed taxa of asthenohymenids, caloneurodeids, coleopters,glosselytrods, homopterids, martynoviids, mayflynymphs, mecopters, meganeurids, neuropters, orthopters,phyloblattids, psocopters, syntonopteroids, and tricho-ptersSHARKS - Xenacanthus decheni (Goldfuss, 1847)ACTINOPTERYGIANS – Bourbonella sp., Paramblypterus sp.AMPHIBIANS - Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky,1876), D. pulcherrimus (Fritsch, 1879); eryopoids, and?loxommatoids.

6) The Upper Member of the Letovice Formation

Any fauna was not found yet.

Grouping of the horizons with help of the local biozo-nes (ZAJÍC 2000, 2004) is suggested in Fig. 1. The sug-gested correlation between the Boskovice Basin and theKrkono‰e Piedmont Basin is shown in Fig. 2.

RECENTLY STUDIED LOCALITIES AND FAUNA

The localities of the Padochov Formation

Moravsk˘ Krumlov „Za lesním závodem” (Behind thewood company)

The greyish black organic rich clayey carbonates ofthe Zb˘‰ov Horizon overlie the Rokytná conglomeratesand form the little outcrop at the wooded hillside. Just twobad preserved xenacanth teeth were discovered here.

Oslavany „Lev˘ bfieh Oslavy“ (Left bank of the riverOslava)

The outcrop along the river bank comprises sedimentsabout 600 m thick. The Zb˘‰ov Horizon is, however, theonly fossiliferous unit with fauna. One small fragment ofthe insect wing (Blattodea indet.) was found. On the otherhand, conchostracans of the pseudestheriid type are com-mon. They often occur wholesale on the bedding surfacesas evidence of seasonal eutrophications. The individualcarapaces are mostly poorly preserved, often as glossypatches or grey shadows. Tiny teeth of Bohemiacanthuscarinatus represent xenacanthid sharks that means smallpiscivorous predators. Acanthodian remains (scales, finspines, pectoral girdles, body fragments) are determinableas Acanthodes sp. Actinopterygian fishes are representedby indeterminable scales and fulcra.

Padochov „V˘kop pro plynovod“ (Excavation for thegas pipeline)

Fauna was found only in the Zb˘‰ov Horizon (ZAJÍC,MARTÍNEK, ·IMÒNEK & DRÁBKOVÁ 1996) in theLower Horizon of the bituminous marlstones. The strong

Krkono‰e Piedmont Basin Boskovice BasinChotûvice F. UpperProseãné F. Upper Middle Letovice F.

Lower LowerVrchlabí F. Upper Veverská Bít˘‰ka F.

Lower Padochov F.

Fig. 2. The proposed correlation between the BoskoviceBasin and the Krkono‰e Piedmont Basin (based onZAJÍC 2002).Obr. 2. Pfiedpokládaná korelace vrstev boskovickébrázdy a podkrkono‰ské pánve (sestaveno na základûZAJÍCE 2002).

Fig. 1. The Stratigraphic chart of the Boskovice Basin (based on PE·EK & al. 2001 andJARO·, unpublished data). The Baãov, Míchov, and Kochov Horizons probably representone unit or stratigraphic level. According to ZAJÍC (2004).Obr. 1. Stratigrafická tabulka boskovické brázdy (podle PE·KA & al. 2001 a JARO·E,nepublikované údaje). Horizonty baãovsk˘, míchovsk˘ a kochovsk˘ pravdûpodobnû repre-zentují pouze jednu stratigrafickou polohu. Podle ZAJÍCE (2004).

Formation Member Horizon Biozone (ZAJÍC 2000, in press a)

Upper = Sudice ?Letovice Middle Baãov, Míchov, Xenacanthus decheni

KochovLower Lubû

Zbonûk-Svitávka Zbraslavec

Veverská Chudãice Acanthodes gracilisBít˘‰kaPadochov ¤íãany

Zb˘‰ovRosice-Oslavany Sphaerolepis-Elonichthys

9

pressure impact is documented by tiny dislocations andcarbonate veins both in macroremains and ichthyoliths.The indeterminable pseudestheriid conchostracans arepoorly preserved. Acanthodian remains (Acanthodes gra-cilis and Acanthodes sp.) dominate among vertebrates.They are mostly fragmentary and affected by hair cracks.However, their preservation is often excellent. Delicatestructures as gill arches or labyrinths are occasionally pre-served. Xenacanthid sharks are represented by stratigrap-hically important (the Acanthodes gracilis biozone) spe-cies Bohemiacanthus carinatus. The smooth body andfulcral scales belong to indeterminable actinopterygianfishes.

Neslovice „Rybiãková skála 1“ (Fish rock 1)The ¤íãany Horizon. Initial, now protected impressive

outcrop of the Lower Permian strata along the left bank ofthe Neslovice stream.

The fossiliferous 60 cm thick layer of claystone closeto the bottom of the outcrop contains numerous actinopte-rygians of the family Aeduellidae and also one wing ofinsect tentatively distinguished as Blattinopsis cf. marty-novae was discovered. Underlying durable greyish blackclaystone rarely contain isolated spines of Acanthodes.

The layers on the locality „Fish rock“ are ranged onthe basis of the occurence of Blattinopsis cf. martynovaeto the ¤íãany Horizon.

Neslovice „Rybiãková skála 2“ (Fish rock 2)The ¤íãany Horizon. This outcrop is continuation of

the cosequence of layers from the „Fish rock 1“. It is 300metres southwards to the „Fish rock 1“. The large expo-

sure of the 60 cm thick layer of claystone with actinopte-rygians makes possible acquire more than 400 specimensof these fish (Fig. 3). They all belong to the familly Aedu-ellidae. Some parts of the layer are enriched in specimensof actinopterygians and there are also more than 5 speci-mens in one square decimetre. The specimens are relati-vely small, usually from 6 to 10 cm of the total length,very fragmentary, but the features of the familly Aeduelli-dae (shape of the maxillary, type of opercular apparatus)are clearly distinguishable. This species of actinopterygi-ans is unknow from other permocarboniferous basins.

The localities of the Lower Letovice Formation

âerná Hora „Záfiez nedostavûné dálnice“ (Uncomple-ted motorway cut)

The Zbonûk-Svitávka Horizon. The unpublished set ofspecimens was collected by ·pinar in 1954 and containsacanthodians Acanthodes gracilis and Acanthodes sp.

Kladoruby „Dolní Pepfiík“Probably the Lubû or Svitávka Horizon. Outcrop with

various types of claystones, sandstones and carbonates.The acanthodians with the genus Acanthodes are veryabundant. The Discosauriscidae with genus Discosauris-cus and Actinopterygii are on other hand very rare. Acti-nopterygii has features with close resemblance to thefamily Elonichthyidae. The Amblypteridae are completelymissing on the contrary. One fragment of a xenacanthidshark is known.

Locality Kladoruby – Dolní Pepfiík is quite new(·TAMBERG 2003b) and up tonow research works indicate thedifferencies from the fossilife-rous horizons outcropping in thevicinity of Kladoruby, Drválo-vice, Kochov and Baãov. On thebasis of the type of fauna is olderand probably belongs to the Svi-távka or Lubû Horizons. Theconsequence of layers and faunais different to horizons on theabove mentioned localities. Dis-cosauriscid amphibians, veryabundant in the carbonate layerof Baãov Horizon, are limited inthe Kladoruby – Dolní Pepfiík tothe layer of yellowish-spottedclaystone in the bottom part ofthe outcrop. Their occurence isvery rare and specimens aresmall, not exceeding 15 cm ofthe total length. The actinoptery-gians are also very rare and theyare represented by isolated scalesand badly preserved fragments ofthe bodies. The scales are conspi-

Fig. 3. Claystones with numerous specimens of actinopterygian fishes of the family Aeduellidae from thelocality “Fish rock 2” near Neslovice (Padochov Formation). MHK 64351, x 1.0Obr. 3. Jílovce s ãetn˘mi jedinci paprskoploutv˘ch ryb ãeledi Aeduellidae z lokality „Rybiãková skála 2“u Neslovic (Padochovské souvrství). MHK 64351, x 1,0

10

cuously sculptured with ridges and the type of sculpturesuggest the type of sculpture of Elonichthys, but not anysolid study has been done to this time. The genus Paramb-lypterus, which is very abundant on other localities of thenorthern region of Boskovice Basin or members of thefamily Aeduellidae are absolutely missing. The cardialfeature of this outcrop is abundant occurrence of acantho-dians (Fig. 4). The most numerous findings are represen-ted by Acanthodes gracilis. However, the holotype andtwo paratypes of the new species Acanthodes n. sp. arenow investigated (ZAJÍC in press).

Fossiliferous claystones deposit probably in somewhatdifferent environment than the carbonate layer and fishbeds of the Baãov Horizon. The abundant ferns and gym-nosperms occur in the locality. Some fans of leaves are ofabout 50 cm long. This feature together with rare of acti-

nopterygians assumed the contiguity of lakeshore.

SvitávkaThe Zbonûk-Svitávka Horizon. The problematic opis-

tostoma of a spider and one fragment of the blattodeaninsect wing were found during the grant excavation.

ZbonûkThe Zbonûk-Svitávka Horizon. Numerous shells of

pelecypods Palaeanodonta verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892) ingrey-green siltstone (Fig. 5).

ZbraslavecThe Zbraslavec Horizon. The unpublished set of

acanthodians Acanthodes gracilis and the big tetrapodwas collected by Havlata and fellows in 1969.

Fig. 4. Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich,1848) from the locality Kladoruby„Dolní pepfiík“ (Lubû or SvitávkaHorizon, Lower Letovice Forma-tion). MHK 70583, x 1.5Obr. 4. Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich,1848) z lokality Kladoruby “Dolnípepfiík” (lubsk˘ nebo svitáveck˘horizont, spodní letovické souvrství)MHK 70583, x 1,5

Fig. 5. Shell of pelecypod Palaeano-donta verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892)from the locality Zbonûk (SvitávkaHorizon, Lower Letovice Forma-tion). MHK 70581, x 5.2Obr. 5. Otisk schránky mlÏe Palaea-nodonta verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892)z lokality Zbonûk (svitáveck˘ hori-zont, spodní letovické souvrství).MHK 70581, x 5,2

11

The localities of the Middle Letovice Formation

Drválovice „Vûtrn˘ ml˘n“ (Windmill)Occurence of the discosauriscid amphibians Discosau-

riscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) and Discosauriscuspulcherrimus (Fritsch, 1879), actinopterygians of thefamily Amblypteridae, namely genus Paramblypterus ofseveral species, not described as yet. The marker fossili-ferous horizon is 26 cm thick bed of limestone withamount of discosauriscids and less numerous actinoptery-gians and overlying stratum of claystone 25 cm thick withnumerous actinopterygians.

Original outcrop described already AUGUSTA (1926)and later ·PINAR (1952). The extensive excavation wasmade recently on the occasion of construction of a waterpipe in the village Drválovice. A quantity of well-preser-ved plants, actinopterygians and discosauriscids werecollected. Differences in chemical composition of the fos-sils and the ambient rock permits etching of skeletons ofdiscosauriscids and amphibians. Perfectly preserved andwell prepared skeletons became the basis for the anatomi-cal studies (KLEMBARA & MEZSÁRO· 1992, ·TAM-BERG 1997, 2003c).

Kochov „Horka“The Kochov Horizon. Abundant amhibians of the family

Discosauriscidae (Discosauriscus austriacus, Discosauris-cus pulcherrimus), actinopterygians (Fig. 6) of the familyAmblypteridae (genus Paramblypterus), rare fargments ofxenacanthid elasmobranchians (genus Xenacanthus).

The excavations made in the end of last century(KLEMBARA & MEZSÁRO· 1992, ·TAMBERG 1997)confirmed essentially the association of the fauna as pre-vious excavations of ·PINAR (1952), AUGUSTA &POKORN¯ (1951) and ZÍDEK (1966).

Kochov „V lese“ (In the wood)The Kochov Horizon. The equal fauna as on the loca-

lity Kochov „Horka“.

Kochov „V potocích“ (In the streams)The Kochov Horizon. Abundant amhibians of the

family Discosauriscidae (Discosauriscus austriacus, Dis-cosauriscus pulcherrimus and other as not yet determina-ted species (KLEMBARA 1997, KLEMBARA & BAR-TÍK 2000)), actinopterygians of the family Amblypteridaeand Aeduellidae (genus Paramblypterus, Bourbonella andother as not yet determinated species (·TAMBERG2003a, b)).

Bad preserved, but sometimes abundant pseudesthe-riid conchostracans were found on the bedding surfaces ofsome layers. The seasonal eutrophications of the lakewaters are probably the reason of this phenomenon. Themass extinction of the vertebrates could by also explainthis way as consequence of an intoxication.

The Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Královéhas been conducting research on the locality Kochov“V potocích” since 1994. Abundance and distribution offossils in the fossiliferous horizon have been follow on thearea 15 x 4 metres. One square metre of limestone conta-

Fig. 6. Carbonate with the actinopterygian fish Paramblypterus and two skull of amphibian Discosauriscus from the lokality Kochov “Horka”(Kochov Horizon of the Middle Letovice Formation). MHK 10936, x 1.0Obr. 6. Karbonát s aktinopterygijní rybou rodu Paramblypterus a dvûma lebkami obojÏivelníkÛ rodu Discosauriscus z lokality Kochov “Horka”(kochovsk˘ obzor, stfiední letovické souvrství). MHK 10936, x 1,0

12

ins on average 15 actinopterygians of the genus Paramblypterus(Fig. 7) and 125 juvenile amphibians of the genus Discosauriscus(Fig. 8). Similar results as regards of the abundance of fauna, fau-nistical association and stratigraphy have been obtained on severallocalities, namely Baãov “Na skalkách”, Drválovice “Vûtrn˘ ml˘n”,Kochov “Horka”, Kochov “V lese”. The results of the present stu-dies lead to conviction of correlation of Baãov, Míchov and KochovHorizons to one only.

Letovice „Jindfiichov“HAVLENA & ·PINAR (1956) described pseudestheriids, spines

of acanthodians and rare scales of actinopterygians in red limestone.

OboraThe two main fossiliferous horizons are necessary to distinguish

on the locality Obora. The bottom one of claystone famous for richasseblage of insect already formerly described in several papers ofKukalová. Besides the insect pseudestheriids conchostracans Lioest-heria lallyensis Depéret & Mazeran, 1912 also occurs in this bed.The topmost layer of light-yellow carbonates contains actinoptery-gians of the genus Paramblypterus and amhibians of the genus Dis-cosauriscus. The nominal taxon of biozone (Xenacanthus decheni)has been described from this locality already former (ZÍDEK 1966).The poorly preserved skull (17 mm long) of an eryopoid was exca-

vated and described recently by DOSTÁL (2003). Lower vertebrates association and their distribution in the bed pointto correlation of this horizon with ones on the localities Drválovice „Vûtrn˘ ml˘n“, Kochov „V potocích“ and others.

Fig. 7. Claystone with two specimens of genus Paramblypterus from the locality Kochov “In the streams” (Kochov Horizon of theMiddle Letovice Formation). MHK 70584, x 0.5Obr. 7. Jílovec s dvûmi jedinci rodu Paramblypterus z lokality Kochov “V potocích” (kochovsk˘ obzor, stfiední letovické souvrství).MHK 70584, x 0,5

Fig. 8. Skeleton of the amphibian Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) partlyetched from the carbonate from the locality Kochov “In the streams”. MHK 70578,x 0.7.All photos S. ·tambergObr. 8. Kostra obojÏivelníka Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) ãásteãnûvyleptaná z karbonátu z lokality Kochov „V potocích“. MHK 70578, x 0,7.V‰echny fotografie S. ·tamberg

13

SUMMARY

Numerous fossiliferous horizons were described ornamed from the Boskovice Basin. Their correct correla-tion is, however, very complicated due to paleogeographicand tectonic development. The sedimentation graduallymigrated from south to north and the sedimentary fill wassubsequently pressed and broken up into the numeroussmaller blocks. Six stratigraphic levels were establishedwith help of zoopaleontological data:

1. The Rosice-Oslavany Formation 2. The Padochov Formation3. The Veverská Bít˘‰ka Formation (fauna is not known)4. The Lower Letovice Formation5. The Middle Letovice Formation6. The Upper Letovice Formation (fauna is not known)

The Padochov Formation and the Lower and MiddleLetovice Formation yielded new data concerning fossilfauna. The stratigraphically important taxa Acanthodesgracilis and Bohemiacanthus carinatus as well as thesurprisingly numerous population of actinopterygians ofthe family Aeduellidae were detected in the PadochovFormation. The Lower Letovice Formation is distinguis-hed in abundant occurrence of Acanthodes gracilis and inpresence of the rare new species of the genus Acanthodes.This stratigraphic level was verified at the localities Zbra-slavec, Letovice – Jindfiichov, and Kladoruby – DolníPepfiík. The Middle Letovice Formation was detected atsome localities of the northern region of the BoskoviceBasin around the town Letovice. The Baãov, Míchov, andKochov Horizons are equivalents on the basis of faunalanalysis and biostratigraphy. The faunal data that wereinvestigated during the last years are discussed in detail.

SOUHRN

V permokarbonu boskovické brázdy je uvádûno velkémnoÏství fosiliferních horizontÛ. Jejich správná korelaceje v‰ak velmi ztíÏena komplikovan˘m paleogeografick˘ma tektonick˘m v˘vojem boskovické brázdy. Sedimentacepostupovala od jihu k severu a navíc byla sedimenmtárnív˘plÀ brázdy pozdûji tektonicky postiÏena a rozlámána namnoÏství men‰ích blokÛ.

Na základû zoopaleontologick˘ch údajÛ bylo stano-veno ‰est stratigrafick˘ch úrovní:1. Rosicko-oslavanské souvrství2. Padochovské souvrství3. Veversko-bit˘‰ské souvrství (fauna není známa)4. Spodní letovické souvrství5. Stfiední letovické souvrství6. Svrchní letovické souvrství (fauna není známa)

Nové údaje t˘kající se fauny byly získány z pado-chovského souvrství a ze spodního a stfiedního letovic-kého souvrství. V padochovském souvrství byla dokázána

pfiítomnost stratigraficky dÛleÏit˘ch taxonÛ Acanthodesgracilis a Bohemiacanthus carinatus a rovnûÏ byla obje-vena velice poãetná polulace aktinopterygií ãeledi Aedu-ellidae. Spodní letovické souvrství se vyznaãuje hojn˘mv˘skytem Acanthodes gracilis a byl objeven vzácnû sevyskytující nov˘ druh rodu Acanthodes. Stejná stratigra-fická úroveÀ byla dle fauny ovûfiena na lokalitách Zbra-slavec, Letovice - Jindfiichov a Kladoruby – Dolní Pepfiík.Stfiední letovické souvrství bylo vymezeno na lokalitáchv severní ãásti boskovické brázdy v okolí mûsta Letovice.Na základû podrobného rozboru faunistick˘ch údajÛa biostratigrafie lze povaÏovat tzv. horizonty baãovsk˘,kochovsk˘ a míchovsk˘ za obzor jedin˘.

REFERENCES

AUGUSTA, J. (1926): Pfiíspûvek k poznání povahy stfiední ãásti bosko-

vické brázdy. – Sbor. Stát. geol. Úst., 6: 143-220. Praha.

AUGUSTA, J. & POKORN ,̄ V. (1951): Zpráva o paleontologick˘ch

v˘zkumech v permu Boskovické brázdy. – Vûst. Ústfi. Úst. Geol., 26:

6-9. Praha.

DOSTÁL, O. (2003): Paleontologie lokality Obora. – Diplomová práce,

Masarykova Univerzita, pfiírodovûd. Fak., Úst. geol. Vûd, MS (The-

sis), 1-75. Brno.

HAVLENA, V. & ·PINAR, Z. (1956): Stratigraficko-paleontologické

v˘zkumy v okolí Zb˘‰ova a Letovic na Moravû. – Zpr. geol. V˘zk.

v Roce 1955, 61-63. Praha.

IVANOV, M. (2003): Pfiehled historie paleontologického bádání v per-

mokarbonu boskovické brázdy na Moravû. – Acta Mus. Moraviae,

Sci. geol., 58 (2003): 3-112. Brno.

KLEMBARA, J. (1997): The cranial anatomy of Discosauriscus Kuhn,

a seymouriamorph tetrapod from the Lower Permian of the Bosko-

vice Furrow (Czech Republic). – Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (1997),

352: 257-302. London.

KLEMBARA, J. & MEZSÁRO·, ·. (1992): New finds of Discosauris-

cus austriacus (Makowsky 1876) from the Lower Permian of Bos-

kovice Furrow (Czecho-Slovakia). – Geol. Carpathica, 43 (5): 305-

312. Bratislava.

KLEMBARA, J. & BARTÍK, I. (2000): The postcranial skeleton of Dis-

cosauriscus Kuhn, a seymouriamorph tetrapod from the Lower Per-

mian of the Boskovice Furrow (Czech Republic). – Trans. Royal Soc.

Edinburgh: Earth Sci., 90: 287-316. Edinburgh.

PE·EK, J. & al. (2001): Geologie a loÏiska svrchnopaleozoick˘ch lim-

nick˘ch pánví âeské republiky. – âesk˘ geologick˘ ústav, 243 pp.

Praha.

PRANTL, F. (1943): Vzácn˘ nález v moravském permokarbonu. – Vûda

pfiír., 22 (4): 93-97. Praha.

SCHINDLER, T. & HAMPE, O. (1996): Eine erste Fischfauna (Chond-

richthyes, Acanthodii, Osteichthyes) aus dem Permokarbon Niede-

rösterreichs (Zöbing, NE Krems) mit paläoökologischen und biostra-

tigraphischen Anmerkungen. – Beiträge zur Paläontologie, 21: 93-

103, 6 Abb.; Wien.

SCHNEIDER, J. (1982): Entwurf eines biostratigraphischen Zonenglie-

derung mittels der Spiloblattinidae (Blattodea, Insecta) für das konti-

nentale euramerische Permokarbon. – Freiberg. Forsch.-H., R. C,

375: 27-47. Leipzig.

SCHNEIDER, J. (1983): Die Blattodea (Insecta) des Paläozoikums. Teil

14

I: Systematik, Ökologie und Biostratigraphie. – Freiberg. Forsch.-

H., R. C, 382: 106-145. Leipzig.

·PINAR, Z. (1952): Revize nûkter˘ch moravsk˘ch diskosauriscidÛ

(Labyrinthodontia). – Rozpr. Ústfi. Úst. Geol., 15: 1-129. Praha.

·TAMBERG, S. (1997): New discoveries of palaeoniscoid fishes and

other fauna and flora from the northern region of Boskovice Furrow,

Czech Republic. – Journ. Czech Geol. Soc., 42 (1-2): 111-120. Praha.

·TAMBERG, S. (2002): Aeduellids (Actinopterygii) from the Lower

Permian of the Bohemian Massif. – IPC2002, Geological Society of

Australia, Abstracts 68: 148-149. Sydney.

·TAMBERG, S. (2003a): Chemical preparation of vertebrates from the

Lower Permian of the Boskovice Furrow. – Acta Mus. Reginaehra-

decensis, s. A., 29: 143-150. Hradec Králové.

·TAMBERG, S. (2003b): Dvû v˘znamné paleontologické lokality ve

spodním permu severní ãásti Boskovické brázdy. – Zpr. geol. V̆ zk.

v Roce 2002, 153-155. âGÚ Praha.

·TAMBERG, S. (2003c): Paprskoploutvé ryby spodního permu bosko-

vické brázdy – souãasn˘ stav poznání. – Sbor. vûd. prací V·B – Tech-

nické univerzity Ostrava, fiada hornicko-geologická, rok 2003, 49:

32-34. Ostrava.

·TAMBERG, S. (2004): V̆ znamné paleontologické lokality boskovické

brázdy a moÏnosti jejich Ochrany. – Ochrana pfiírody, 59 (2): 49-52.

Praha.

VASICEK, W. & STEININGER, F. F. (1996): Jungpaläozoikum von

Zöbing. – In: STEININGER, F. F. (ed.): Erdgeschichte des Waldvi-

ertels., Heimatbundes, 38: 63-72. Waidhofen/Thaya.

ZAJÍC, J. (1996): Sladkovodní mikrovertebrátní spoleãenstva svrchního

stefanu a spodního autunu âech. – Závûreãná zpráva za grant GAâR,

âesk˘ geol. Úst., MS (unpublished report), 61 pp. Praha.

ZAJÍC, J. (1997): Zoopaleontologie limnického permokarbonu Bosko-

vické brázdy - souãasn˘ stav v˘zkumu. – Geol. V˘zk. na Moravû

a Slezsku, 4: 85-89. Brno.

ZAJÍC, J. (2000): Vertebrate zonation of the non-marine Upper Carbo-

niferous – Lower Permian basins of the Czech Republic. – Cour.

Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg., 223: 563-575. Frankfurt a. M.

ZAJÍC, J. (2002): Vertebrate biozonation of the limnic Permo-Carboni-

ferous deposits of the Czech Republic in the light of the last fossil

finds. – Workshop Oberkarbon – Untertrias in Zentraleuropa: Pro-

zesse und ihr Timing (53. Berg- und Hüttenmännischer Tag),

Abstracts, 37-38. Freiberg.

ZAJÍC, J. (2004): Vertebrate biozonation of the Permo-Carboniferous

lakes of the Czech Republic - new data. – Acta Mus. Reginaehrade-

censis, S. A., 30, 15-16. Hradec Králové.

ZAJÍC, J. (in press): Permian acanthodians of the Czech Republic. -

Spec. Pap. Czech geol. Surv. Praha.

ZAJÍC, J., MARTÍNEK, K., ·IMÒNEK, Z. & DRÁBKOVÁ, J. (1996):

Permokarbon Boskovické brázdy ve v˘kopu pro roz‰ífiení tranzitního

plynovodu. – Zpr. geol. V˘zk. v Roce 1995, 158-159. Praha.

ZÍDEK, J. (1966): Nové nálezy Ïralokovit˘ch ryb skupiny Xenacantho-

dii ve spodním permu boskovické brázdy na Moravû. – âas. Nár.

Mus., 135: 74-80. Praha.