S. Lupo-C. Kohen, 2010 Season at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai. Preliminary Report

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© INSTITUT FRANÇAIS D’ARCHÉOLOGIE ORIENTALE, LE CAIRE, 2014 ISBN 978-2-7247-0650-5 ISSN 0255-0903

Comité de Lecture

BCESusan Allen, David A. Aston, Bettina Bader, Pascale Ballet, Janine Bourriau, Catherine Defernez, Jean-Yves Empereur, Peter French, Stan Hendrickx, Colin A. Hope, Pamela Rose, Dietrich Raue, Teodozja Rzeuska.

V

W. Raymond JohnsonIn Memoriam Helen Jacquet-Gordon (1918-2013) .....................................................ix

Alain ArnaudièsBibliographie de Helen Jacquet-Gordon (1951-2012) ........................................... xiii

Sylvie MarchandAvant-propos ........................................................................................................................ xxiii

Carte..................................................................................................................................................xxiv

Repères chronologiques ............................................................................................................xxv

i. Parcours régional ............................................................................................... 1

Littoral méditerranéen ................................................................................................... 3

Julie Monchamp Céramiques romaines de Smouha (Alexandrie), iie siècle apr. J.-C. .......... 5

Delta ........................................................................................................................................... 13

Nicholas Hudson Preliminary Report on the Pottery at Tell Timai (Thmuis) ......................... 15

Sommaire

VI

b u l l e t i n d e l i a i s o n d e l a c é r a m i q u e é g y p t i e n n e

Sylvain Dhennin, Sylvie Marchand, Julie Marchand, Aude Simony Prospection archéologique

de Kôm Abou Billou/Térénouthis (Delta) - 2013............................................. 51

Région memphite .............................................................................................................. 69

Katarína Arias Kytnarová Ritual Ceramic Deposit from the Tomb of Prince Werkaure?

A Tentative Interpretation ........................................................................................... 71

Susan J. Allen Pottery from the Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III

and Middle Kingdom Mastabas at Dahshur 2003-2010 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) ............................................... 85

Région thébaine et Haute-Égypte ....................................................................... 93

Gábor Schreiber Late Dynastic Pottery from Theban Tomb No. -61- ....................................... 95

Guy Lecuyot La céramique du Ramesseum et de ses abords,

état des recherches ........................................................................................................ 101

Julia Budka Zîr Vessels from the Tomb of Osiris at Umm el-Qaab ............................... 121

Valérie Le Provost Fouilles récentes d’un habitat à Tell Edfou,

la céramique de la fin de la Première Période Intermédiaire au début de la XIIe dynastie : une séquence de transition ......................... 131

Oasis de el-Hayz ........................................................................................................... 151

Stanislava Kučová, Květa Smoláriková Roman Transport Amphorae from Bir Showish,

el-Hayz, Bahariya Oasis ............................................................................................ 153

VII

s omma i r e

Oasis de Dakhla ............................................................................................................ 161

Clementina Caputo Amheida/Trimithis (Dakhla Oasis):

Results from a Pottery Survey in Area 11 ........................................................... 163

Nord-Sinaï .......................................................................................................................... 179

Silvia Lupo, Claudia Kohen 2010 Season at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai. Preliminary Report ........... 181

2. Inventaire des sites de production céramique en Égypte et en Basse-Nubie ........................................................ 199

Sylvie Marchand Inventaire archéologique des sites de production céramique

du Prédynastique à l’époque moderne. Égypte et Basse-Nubie ............. 201

Valérie Pichot, Kaan Şenol The Site of Akademia: The Amphora Workshop of Apol(l)ônios.

First Excavation Campaign (July-August 2012) ............................................. 225

Nicholas Hudson Late 4th Century BC Pottery from Tell Timai (Thmuis) .......................... 241

Zulema Barahona Mendieta La producción cerámica en Medamud.

Estudio de la cerámica procedente de los hornos del Reino Nuevo, Baja Época y Época Ptolemaica ............................................................................. 267

Bibliographie ................................................................................................................................. 281

Index chronologique .................................................................................................................. 313

Adresses des auteurs ................................................................................................................... 315

T ell el-Ghaba lies in the northern coastal plain of the Sinai Peninsula, in what once was the most eastern border of the Nile Delta. The site was located on the route that linked Egypt with Palestine and next to a lagoon fed by the Pelusiac branch of the Nile.

During the period 1995-1999 three areas were excavated at the site (Areas I, II and VI). The archaeological work uncovered successive occupational levels as revealed by the superimposed architectural remains such as the foundations of flimsy structures, residential and public mud brick buildings and industrial workshops. A dark thick layer of a charcoal rich sediment with oxidation lenses that covers all the excavated areas indicates that the site ended in a violent conflagration.1

The analysis of the recovered pottery suggests that the site seems to have functioned through the Third Intermediate to the Early Saite periods.2 No significant epigraphic evidence has been found, so far, at the site.

The Argentine Archaeological Mission at Tell el-Ghaba resumed their activities in April 2010. The purpose of this campaign was to assess the extension of an indus-trial quarter uncovered in Area I in previous years and to expose Building K,3 which had been detected in the magnetic survey of 1998.4 In co-operation with the Polish Center of Mediterranean Archeology, University of Warsaw, a new magnetic survey was carried out between April 30th and May 10th, 2010. The magnetic survey was directed by Tomasz Herbich. An area of 65,600 sq. m (6,56 ha) was surveyed, within

* This study was conducted within the context of the PICT 2011 No. 1883, Project funded by the FONCYT-ANPCYT (National Fund for Scientific and Technological Research), Buenos Aires.1. Crivelli Montero 2005, p. 50-51, p.53-54, p. 84-86, p. 130-31, p. 144, p. 203-04, p. 221-03, p. 275-276, p. 279-80, p. 281-83, p. 303-04, p. 345-46, p. 358-59 and 362.2. Fuscaldo 2000, p. 3-6; Basílico, Lupo 2004, p. 3-11.3. The 2010 Field Season was directed by Adriana Chauvin Grandela.4. The first magnetic survey of Tell el-Ghaba was conducted by Jorge Trench in 1998-1999.

Silvia Lupo Claudia Kohen*

2010 Season at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai. Preliminary Report

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an area of 180 m (EW) by 380 m (NS) in southern and central part of the site. The survey allowed to locate a number of unknown buildings, to register approximate limits of the site and to run the edge of the lagoon.5

Excavations in Area VIII6

The industrial area

During the excavation of Area I in previous Field Seasons (1995 to 1999), an industrial area was discovered in the western side of square BA/41. There, a bricked surface and an oven were uncovered. This oven served for cooking, as proved by the many fish bones found in its fill, although some channels connecting it with sur-rounding depressions also suggest an industrial function. In the last days of the 1999 Season, squares AZ/41 and AZ/42 were opened. Although that excavation did not reach the bottom of the stratigraphy, the levels exposed at that time showed an area clearly related to fire technologies, with some ovens or hearths immediately under Locus 0001. During the 2010 Season seventy two square meters were opened (Squares AY/41, AY/42, AX/40, AX/41 and the east half of AW/41) in order to define this area and test its relative importance.

The squares selected to be excavated were adjacent to Square AZ and they showed that the industrial area continues towards the west with a great variability in types of ovens and hearths.

The digging began with the removal of the Top Soil, a thin stratum result of sand deposition. Immediately under that stratum, Locus 0001 appeared. This highly organic locus is present in nearly all the surface of the site. It corresponds to an event of destruction and, although its thickness is variable, in this area it has a medium size of 16 cm.

Under this level, an important group of structures appeared showing spatial conti-nuity, at least with Square AZ. The continuity with Square BA is highly possible but needs to be studied in detail.

An impressive oven appeared in AY/42 (L0395). It is a complex structure composed by a large vessel (ca. 1 m diameter) found in situ (fig. 1, a).7 It was fixed to the floor by a shallow hole and mud (local word “muna”). The shape of the vessel is opened and

5. http://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/en/pcma-newsletter/2010/predynastic-and-pharaonic-egypt/tell-el-ghaba-egypt/6. Chauvin Grandela 2010, p. 183-200.7. Figures were designed by Eva Calomino.

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2 0 1 0 s e a s o n at t e l l e l - g h a b a , n o rt h s i n a i

was excavated by microstratrigraphy. It contained sherds (from the same vessel-oven and from other vessels), faunal remains, and some kind of slag (faience?). Charcoal and sediment samples were collected for future analyses.

Two ovens were associated with oven L0395. They were L0401 and L0403. They were two structures containing an important quantity of faunal remains, mostly fish bones, charcoal and pottery sherds. The base of both structures was covered by clay. Several groups of pottery broken in situ were also recovered in Squares AY and AX. These loci could have been used simultaneously to the combustion structures.

Under L0397 (Square AX/41) a corner formed by two walls was encountered. We identified that construction as Building K, a structure previously detected by a geo-physical survey carried out in 1999. The identification of this building was one of the main goals of this Field Season. The walls were constructed with Nile clay mud bricks.

Square AX/40 showed a superposition of structures (fig. 1, b). The north half of the square was dug first and after the removal of the Top Soil and part of L0001, mud bricks began to appear. Locus 0431 was found underneath L0001. This locus is mainly clay and the material culture is scarce. This locus corresponds to an event of destruction of walls or floors. L0431 covered an oven (L0434) surrounded by a mud (muna) ring. Only half of this oven was visible, the rest was in the south half of the square; this encouraged us to dig the other side of the square. The oven L0434 was covered by a line of mud bricks that continued to the south half of the square. A wall composed by three courses of mud bricks was also found.

The digging of the south half of the square began with the removal of the Top Soil and a very thin locus L0001. Underneath appeared a new oven and more mud bricks. The new oven (L0438) was also surrounded by a mud (muna) ring and also presented a thin pottery ring.

Building KExcavations continued to the west with the aim of uncovering Building K which,

as stated above, had been detected in a magnetic survey. As we moved westwards, the highly organic L0001 became thinner.

The walls of Building K were made of a double course of mud bricks with an average brick size of 20 × 40 × 7 cm. Three rows were well preserved. At least one oven (L0343) was associated with the building. Unfortunately, due to lack of time, the floor of the building could not be uncovered.

Building K seems to be contemporary with Building B in Area I.

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Ceramic material

The ceramic material obtained during the excavation of Area VIII in 2010 Season was documented to be later studied in Buenos Aires. Several fragmentary Egyptian vessels and imported sherds were registered, drawn and photographed.8 The material includes both Egyptian and imported household and fine wares.

Most of the pottery found at Tell el-Ghaba is highly fragmentary. The rise in the water table, along with chemical and physical weathering processes (i.e. extreme salinity of the soil and desert winds), has affected the preservation of such material. Thus, very few exemplars are complete. In many cases, the fragments show weathered surfaces and partially peeled off slips.

Egyptian pottery comprises vessels made in Nile and marl clays, especially in Delta Marl F9. Among those Egyptian vessels made in Nile clay, the most common types are jars, storage jars and bowls. According to Tell el-Ghaba’s ceramic typology, jars recovered in Area VIII belong to Types JA.4, JA.5, JA.6, JA.7, JA.11 and JA.25, storage jars correspond mainly to Types SJ.7 and SJ.11, and bowls to Types BL.4B, BL.5 and BL.10.

Jars– JA.4. (fig. 2a, a) Siltware funnel-necked jars in Nile B2, uncoated ware, flaring

direct rim, slightly thickened inside and globular or ovoid body and rounded base. This type corresponds to Aston’s Phase I, Group 31.10

Paralells: Herakleopolis,11 Tipo BD.53130. Fabric: Id, uncoated or cream/whitish slipped ware. Rim diameter: 8-12,5 cm. Date: second half of the Eighth Century BC. Short-necked, very common since the New Kingdom;12 Mit Rahineh, but long-necked.

8. During the 2010 archaeological Season, the fabric analysis was carried out by Dr. Beatriz Cremonte who, in previous years, had established the fabric typology of Tell el-Ghaba (Cremonte 2006a and 2006b). No new fabric types were defined and the recurrence of a restricted number of TG’s fabrics was the most relevant feature. This situation may be explained taking into account the characteristics of the excavated area, a manufacturing zone with kilns and /or ovens with combustion evidence. Vessels in Marl F fabrics were gathered and reexamined.9. Lupo, Cremonte 2013.10. “Globular jars which come in all sizes are perhaps the most common vessel forms of the entire period for the Twelfth to Seventh centuries BC. Examples are known in Nile B2, Nile D variant 1, and the mixed clay fabric II”. It may be left uncoated, red-slipped, cream/pink slipped or white slipped. It is common to the entire Late New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period (Aston 1996a, p. 63, fig. 196, c-j).11. López Grande, Quesada sanz 1995, §91, pl. XXXIV, d-e.12. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, cfr. pl. XXI, e-f.

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Date: Twenty-Second Dynasty;13 Avaris, Nile B2, white slipped ware. Date Twentieth-Twenty-First Dynasties);14 Amarna, SJ1.1.2.(x); SJ1.1, SJ1.1.6 (H1), SJ1.1.4 (H1). Date: Twenty-Fifth Dynasty;15 Dendera, Third Intermediate Period.16

– JA.5. (fig. 2a, b) Siltware necked jars with direct rims, globular, ovoid or fusi-form bodies.17 This type is widespread in all the areas of Tell el-Ghaba, and has many parallels in all Egypt.

Paralells: Tanis, Group 12, subtype C. “Jarres globulaires ou ovoïdes à col haut, simple”. This subtype is the most common in the “structure elliptique”.18 Fabric: A1, A4 or A1-A4, polished red or white slipped ware. Date: Twenty-Second Dynasty; Qantir, fabric: I.B.02,19 I.B.03,20 I.E.01.21 Date: Twentieth Twenty-First Dynasties; Tell el-Dab’a, K3437, Nile B2, uncoated ware,22 Nile B2 with cream/pink slip,23 Nile B2, white slipped ware,24 Nile C, red-slipped ware.25 Date Twenty-First Dynasty;26 Mit Rahineh, Location: D, 34.50/253.60, level 96.70. Mit. 1311. Date: probably Twenty-Second Dynasty;27 Kom Rabi’a, RAT 222, Tenth/Ninth Centuries BC,28 RAT 216,29 RAT 210,30 RAT 20531 and RAT 204,32 Eighth-Seventh Centuries BC, the pottery from the silo, mainly Eleventh-Tenth Centuries BC;33

13. Fischer 1965, pl. 58.414 and 41.14. Aston 1996a, fig. 40, no. 8 [TD K3436].15. French 1986, fig. 9.8.16. Very similar in Marchand 2000, p. 268, no. 48. “Pâte alluviale fine, dure à engobe clair. La céramique en pâte alluviale dense, bien cuite, recouverte d’un engobe clair, est très caractéristique des productions de la XXIe dynastie.”17. Subtypes: A. globular jars with everted, direct rim; B. long-necked jars with straight or vertical rim, C. necked jars, everted rim, direct, and D. necked jars, inverted rim, direct. Subtypes B, C and D share some of the characteristics of Type JA5.A: they may have globular, ovoid or fusiform bodies, they are short or long-necked. Bodies are not preserved, so their forms are only inferred.18. Defernez, Isnard 2000, p. 167-168, pl. XI.19. Aston 1998, p. 546, nos. 2227-2233; p. 550, nos. 2244-2248; p. 552, nos. 2250-2259.20. Aston 1998, p. 560, nos. 2287-2292; p. 566, nos. 2320-2321; p. 568, no2332; p. 568, no. 2334.21. Aston 1998, p. 580, nos. 2378-2383; p. 584, nos. 2402-2403; p. 596-597, nos. 2448-2455; p. 604, nos. 2483-2484; p. 605, nos. 2481-2484.22. Aston 1996a, p. 26, fig. 41, no. 7.23. Aston 1996a, p. 26, fig. 40, no. 7.24. Aston 1996a, p. 26, fig. 41, no. 8.25. Aston 1996a, p. 26, fig. 40, no. 8.26. Aston 1996a, p. 26.27. Fischer 1965, pl. 58, no. 411.28. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 31, nos. 237-244.29. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 32, nos. 273-276.30. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 34, nos. 312-314.31. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 35, no. 337.32. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 36, nos. 356-358.33. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 45, nos. 520-529 and fig. 36, nos. 356-358.

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Dendera, “jarre à col haut à bourrelet interne, héritage direct du répertoire des céramiques ramessides”. Date: end of the New Kingdom Twenty-First Dynasty;34 Elephantine, most of them in Nile B2, variant 1, in different kind of wares. Date: this type comes clearly from Phase IIA–end of the New Kingdom–,35 continues in Phase IIB, the Lybian period (1000/950 - 750-700 BC),36 but it survives in later times, in Phase III (750-600 BC).37 Some exemplars in Sheshonq V’s contexts are also present in Elephantine;38 Tell Retaba, Third Intermediate Period;39 Herakleopolis, Tipo XXI40 and Tipo BD.52110.41 Date: Third Intermediate Period to Eighth-Seventh Centuries BC;42 Sais, Type 3, Necked jars, globular jars. Phase I (Third Intermediate Period),43 Phase II (Late Ramesside/Third Inter-mediate Periods),44 Phase II-III (Late Ramesside, Twentieth Dynasty),45 Phase III (Late Ramesside, Twentieth Dynasty),46 Phase III-IV (Late Ramesside, Twentieth Dynasty),47 and Phase V (Ramesside, Ninetieth/Twentieth Dynasty);48 Lahun, Type 56 and Type 60. Date: Twenty-Second/Twenty-Fourth Dynasties;49 Matmar, Type 56. Date: Twenty- Second/Twenty-Fifth Dynasties;50 Amarna, type SJ1.1.6 (N), jar with short upright neck, fabric 1a, smoothed. Date: Twenty-Fifth Dynasty;51 Buto, Type 3, Eighth Century BC;52 Hermopolis, Type Ii, 19-35. Third Intermediate Period;53 Abu �Id, Twenty-Fifth Dynasty;54 Saqqara, Phase A, Late Third Intermediate Period-early Saite Periods.55

34. Zignani, Marchand, Morisot, Laisney, Thiébaut, Ubertini 1998, p. 483, fig. 19, no. 3.35. Aston 1999, pl. 7, nos. 146-149, pl. 10, no. 214 and pl. 12, no. 312, pl. 11, no. 278; pl. 14, no. 449.36. Twenty-Second/Twenty-Fourth Dynasties. Aston 1999, pl. 19, no. 578, pl. 20, nos. 584-585, pl. 26, no. 574, pl. 26, no. 761, pl. 29, no. 875, pl. 35, nos. 1096-1097, pl. 41, no. 1288, pl. 44, no. 1377.37. Aston 1999, pl. 51, nos. 1588-1595, pl. 58, no. 1749, pl. 61, nos. 1821-1822, pl. 52, nos. 1627-1628, pl. 52, no. 1619.38. Aston 1996a, p. 127, fig. 25 (16212b 5); 1999, pl. 47, no. 1472.39. Petrie 1906, pl. XXXVIA, no. 13 (Twenty-Second Dynasty); Wodzinska 2011, p. 1022, fig. 10, nos. 1-3. Third Intermediate Period.40. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, p. 70-71, fig. XXV, a-e.41. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, 93, §127, fig. XLVIII, n. “Vaso de cuello vertical estrecho, borde vertical sencillo, a veces biselado al interior. Pasta Ia, a veces con engobe rojo muy desvaido.”42. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, p. 70.43. Wilson 2011, pl. 54, nos. 1-4.44. Wilson 2011, pl. 54, nos. 5-11.45. Wilson 2011, pl. 54, nos. 13-17.46. Wilson 2011, pl. 54, 18-20.47. Wilson 2011, pl. 55, nos. 1-7.48. Wilson 2011, p. 8-22.49. Petrie, Brunton, Murray 1923, pl. LIX and LX.50. Brunton 1948, pl. LVII.51. French 1986, p. 237, no. 41, 156, 174, fig. 9.8.52. French 1996, p. 9, Type 3.53. Spencer 1993, pl. 70.54. Aston 1996b, p. 24, nos. 20-21.55. Aston, Aston 2010, fig. 36.

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– JA.6. (fig. 2a, c) Siltware ledged-jars (“Chamber pots”) are poorly represented and are common in the upper layers at Tell el-Ghaba (Area I, Level V, Workshops, and in Level VI, destruction layer). Fabric: Nile B2, uncoated ware.

These vessels make their appearance in the late Eighth Century and continue during the Seventh Century BC. They correspond to Aston’s Group 17, Phase III S.56 According to Defernez, they are evidenced since the end of the Third Intermediate Period and lasted till the Late Period.57

Paralells: Tanis, Group 9, subtype B. Date: in contexts of the Twent-Second Dynasty58 but they are attested also in contexts dated to the Thirtieth Dynasty. Fabric: pâte A1;59 Buto, Phase II;60 Nebesheh, Nile silt clay, red-slipped ware. Date: late Third Intermediate Period-early Saite Periods;61 Tell el-Balamun, Group C1. Date: beginning of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty till Fifth Century BC;62 Mendes, 7MP233, Level IIA; widemouth jar in alluvial clay, applied ring-base, modelled direct rim, flaring. Date: Saite to Thirtieth Dynasty;63 Qantir, chamber pot; fabric, Nile B2, red-slipped ware. Date: Twentieth/Twenty-First Dynasties;64 Memphis, Mit. 131, level slightly above 99, reddish pot with ring-base; Mit. 954, level 98.41; Mit. 1112, level 97.80 and Mit. 1470, level 97.50. Fischer dates them to the Graeco-Roman period, but Aston ascribed them to the Eighth-Seventh Centuries BC;65 Tell Maskhuta, Persian and Hellenistic periods.66 Herakleopolis, Tipo VIA HM91, H30/3, Tipo VIA.HM91, H30/2.M-803.Ia; Tipo VIA, HM 86, H 18/6. Date: Eighth-Seventh Century BC, especially during the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty and later;67 Hermopolis, Type C1. 28, 29 and 30. Deep wide mouthed vessels, level 1, 750-650 BC;68 Kom Rabi’a, pottery from the silo. “Chamber pot”. Fabric: G1, red-slipped ware. Date: mainly Eleventh-Tenth Centuries BC;69 Karnak, north-west sector of Amon-Ra temple, “pot à bord déversé avec un léger bourrelet”,

56. Aston 1996a, p.74, fig. 218j-k.57. Defernez, Isnard 2000, p. 165.58. Brissaud 1987b, fig. 16, no. 208.59. Defernez, Isnard 2000, p. 165, pl. IX.60. French 1992: nos. 12 and 13; Ali Mostafa 1986, p. 11, fig. 8.61. Aston 1996a, fig. 32 b; Ali Mostafa 1986, fig. 8.62. Spencer 1996, pl. 64.63. Wilson 1982, pl. XVII, no. 7; Hummel, Shubert 1994, p. 8, fig. 2, no. 1.64. Aston 1998, p. 551, no. 2241.65. Fischer 1959, p. 24, fig. 4, no. 34; Fischer 1965, p. 144, pl. 57, no. 402-404; Aston 1996a, p. 30 ss, fig. 66, nos. 402-404.66. Paice 1986-1987, fig. 6, nos. 9-15.67. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, pl. XLIII C, a, b and c.68. Spencer 1993, p. 45, 50, pl. 59.69. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, p. 54, fig. 50, nos. 582 and 586.

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Nile clay, fabric: 5. Date: Twenty-Sixth Dynasty to Ptolemaic Period;70 Elephantine, Keramik komplex 17805 A, no. 16. “Krug mit kleinen Standfuss, ausschweifendem Rand, nich ganz drehrund, Formspuren am Fuss, schief, um Gefässkörper verlaufen vier Reihen Schnurverzierung im Abstand von jeweils ca. 2,5 cm; Nilton”.71

– JA.7. (fig. 2a, d) Silt ware slender jars with flaring or vertical bulged-neck, pointed or globular base, are quite abundant. They were found in Area I and in the destruction layer L0001. Exemplars from Tell el-Ghaba show slight variants in their necks: some of them exhibit a soft bulging neck and in others, this bulge is sharper, and the lip is articulated outside. Rim diameter is about 6-15 cm. They are similar to Aston’s Group 49, Phase I,72 and are also present in Phase III N,73 dated to the late Third Intermediate Period.74 Defernez describes them as having “col court, faiblement conique avec un léger renflement à l’extérieur. Lèvre convexe, soulignée. Légère saillie à la transition entre le col et l’épaule.”75

Paralells: Saqqara, Cache 8, slender jar with rolled rims and pointed base, uncoated, red wash on upper body. Fabric: J1, Phase B2-Phase C;76 Mit Rahineh, tall jars without handles. Mit. 241, level 99.11. H1: 34.4 cm. Date: earlier than the end of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty;77 Sais, Type 3, necked jars, jar with short bulge neck. Phase II-III, Late Ramesside-Third Intermediate Period;78 Shaganbeh, Nineteenth-Twenty-Sixth Dynasty;79 Tell Maskhuta, spherique body, pointed base. Date: end of the Seventh Century BC (609-605 a.C.);80 Tell Herr, type 57a and 57c,81 Phase VI, Pâte 5. Date: Twentieth to Persian period;82 Hermopolis, type D1.5, D1.8, D.1.10, D.1.12, D.1.14.83 Date: Third Intermediate Period; Amarna, Amarna South tombs, SJ1.4.1 (P). Date: Twenty-Fifth

70. Béout, Gabolde, Grataloup, Jaubert 1993, fig. 7, no. 25.71. Andraschko 1990, p. 235, fig. 13; Aston 1999, pl. 61, no. 1818, Phase III. Flat base; pl. 46, no. 1438. Carinated bowl, Nile B2, uncoated ware, rim diameter 24 cm, Phase II.72. Aston 1996a, fig. 205a-b.73. Aston 1996a, fig. 226, no. 123.74. Aston 1996a, p. 28.75. Defernez 2001, p. 130-142, pl. XX and XXI.76. Aston, Aston 2010, p. 77, fig. 27, no. 55, pl. 4; French-Ghaly 1991, p. 119 no. 86.77. Fischer 1959, fig. 3, no. 27; 1965, pl. 60, no. 417.78. Wilson 2011, pl. 60, no. 14.1027, P.2, FN 2/3.79. Petrie 1906, fig. XXXIXL, no. 23.80. Holladay 1982, p. 83, pl. 3, no. 9 and pl. 7, no. 1.81. Defernez 2001, p. 133, 137.82. Defernez 2001, p. 130-142, pl. XX-XXI.83. Spencer 1993, pl. 60.

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Dynasty;84 Karnak norte, col de jarres de stockage à la panse sphérique. Date: Twen-ty-Fifth Dynasty;85 Tôd, “col de jarre”, fabric LII. Date: Third Intermediate Period.86

– JA.11. (fig. 2a, e) Siltware shouldered ovoid/globular jars with everted modelled rim, ribbed neck. Fabric: Nile B2, uncoated and red-slipped ware. Rim diameter: 11-12 cm; Wd: 0.70-0,80 cm. This type was also evidenced in the final destruction layer in Areas I and II.

Paralells: Tanis (structure elliptique), Group 14, “jarres sphériques à col haut évasé, mourulé ”. Fabric: A1. Date: Third Intermediate Period;87 Saqqara, silt ware, fabric: J1;88 Tell el-Herr, Contexte: caisson 3B, niveau 1. “Panse probablement sphérique; col assez haut, large, cylindrique, avec décrochement à la base; lèvre épaissie, évasée en bourrelet. Stries internes marquées. Pâte alluviale, de texture grossière, avec de nombreux dégraissants végétaux (paille), des grains de sable et un peu de carbonates. Cassure rouge orangé à cœur noir. Surface externe à engobe rouge, polie en bandes horizontales”. Date: Fifth-mid Fourth Centuries BC.89 It is very similar to type 57f;90 Herakleopolis,91 fabric Ia, smoothed surface, red-slipped. There are miniature shapes. Date: ca. 750/700-650 BC;92 Gurna, “berer Teil eines grossen, dickwandigen Gefasses aus homogenen, kompakten, gleichmässig hellbraun gebranntem Ton.” Date: Late Period.93

– JA.25. (fig. 2a, f ) Siltware, large shouldered amphorae with globular body, Nile B2, uncoated ware. Rim diameter: 11-13 cm. Similar vessels were found in Area II West.

Paralells: Tell el-Herr, “les amphores obus à deux anses. Épaule conique, lèvre épaisse formant à bourrelet”. Pâte, IP6. Date: Phase VI;94 Amarna, SJ4.7.1(A), date: Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.95

84. French 1986, p. 174, fig. 9.8.85. Defernez 2004, p. 38, fig. 14-15.86. Pierrat-Bonnefois 2000, p. 314, 2.2.4. fig. 140.87. Brissaud 1987a, pl. 15, no. 228.88. French, Ghaly 1991, no. 95.89. Defernez 1997, p. 58, 62, fig. 4, no. 21, Inv. No. 93.84.90. Defernez 2001, pls. XX-XXI, no. 57f.91. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, pl. XLI, b, c, e.92. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, pl. XLI, h, §107.93. Mýsliwiec 1987, p. 61, no. 384. See also nos. 371-374.94. Defernez 2001, p. 390, pl. LXXXVII, no. 247b.95. French 1986.

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Storage jars– SJ.7. (fig. 2a, g) Siltware short-necked two-handled storage jars, everted rolled

rim; piriform body. Fabric: Nile B2, uncoated ware. Rim diameter: 18-22 cm; wall thickness: 1,50 cm. They were also found in Area I, Level VI, destruction layer96 and Area II East, Level II, Building L.97 This type corresponds to Aston’s Group 30, Phase III.98 Large, handled storage jars are also characteristic of Phase III South (late Eighth-Seventh centuries BC). “Of the examples illustrated, 221c is probably the earliest on account of its larger handles since handle size tends to decrease over time and handles to migrate nearer the neck. Types 221c and 222d show the pronounced pointed base which was to become a hallmark of the Saite and Persian periods. Most probably these vessels are red washed though examples of type 222b are, as here, decorated in a white spiral pattern”, being probably fig. 222c the earliest.99

– SJ.11. (fig. 2b, h) Siltware storage jars with two handles, thickened rim, rounded outside. Fabric: Nile B2, uncoated ware. Rim diameter: 28 cm. At Tell el-Ghaba, this type appears also in Area II.

Paralells: Kom Rab’ia, RAT 216, storage jar; fabric G1, red-slipped. It dates to the late Twenty-Second Dynasty, probably as late as the Eight Century BC;100 Tanis, Groupe 3, subtype B, “jarres de stockage à deux anses”. Fabric: A4;101 Mit Rahineh, according to Fischer, this kind of vessel can be dated before the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty;102 Mendes, Level IIB, dated to the Third Intermediate Period;103 Tell el-Dab’a in deposits of the Twentieth Twenty-First Dynasties.104

BowlsA great number of bowls were registered in 2010 Season. They belong mainly to

Types BL1.F1, BL.4B, BL.5 and BL.10.

96. C-0614 [001], L0001 (Fuscaldo 2005, p. 161, fig. 40:11, no. 147).97. C-1087 [001], L1104.98. Aston 1996a, fig. 221c.99. Aston 1996a, p. 76. For later dating at Tell Maskuta (ca. 609-605 BC.), see Holladay 1982, pl. 2, no. 4.100. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 32, no. 282.101. Defernez, Isnard 2000, p. 156-157, p. 160, pl. III-IV.102. Fischer 1959, p. 20-21, fig. 2, nº 21, and pl. 16d.103. Wilson 1982, pl. XVII, no. 11 and pl. XVIII, no. 1.104. Aston 1996a, p. 142, fig. 40, no. 6 (K3436), p. 143, fig. 41, no. 9 (K3437).

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– BL1.F1. (fig. 2b, i) Carinated bowl, convex or straight-sided walls; modelled rim, carination below the grooved rim, ring- or round base. Fabric: Nile B2, uncoated and red-slipped ware. Rim diameter: 16-24 cm. This kind of bowl is found in Area I, Level I, strata below Building A and Structure G, Level IV, Building B, Level V Workshops; Area II East, Level I, strata below Building L and Area II West, Level III.

Paralells: Qantir, carinated bowls with ring base and modeled rim. Fabric: Nile E1, red-slipped ware. Date: Twentieth/Twenty-First Dynasty;105 Herakleopolis,106 BD.IV3f/54365, Third Intermediate Period?; Tanis, “structure elliptique”, Group 26, subtype B’. “Bols convexes à lèvre rentrante et bois coniques”. Fabric: Nile B2; Third Intermediate Period, Twenty-Second Dynasty and probably before that date;107 Kom Rabi’a, RAT216. Fabric G1, uncoated ware. Date: Eighth Century BC; 108 Tebtynis, “bol-jatte à parois presque droites, un petit bourrelet souligne la lèvre extérieure”. Date: beginning of the Fourth Century BC;109 Saqqara, Late Period;110 Tell el-Herr, Nile clay, Fifth/mid-Fourth Centuries BC;111 Mit Rahineh: carinated bowl, round base. Date: Late Period;112 Hermopolis, A3.95 and A3.98, levels 1 to 3, Third Intermediate Period;113 Amarna, SB4.3.1 (N). Date: Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.114

For a later date: Tell el-Herr, “les bols convexes”, Phase VI,115 known also from Phase VII;116 Kom Rabi’a, RAT 200, Seventh Century BC;117 Elephantine, bowl with small carination and ring base, red-slipped, Late Saite-Persian Period, several exem-plars date from Phase III (mid-Eighth to beginning of the Seventh Centuries BC).118

– BL4.B. (fig. 2b, j) This type is well represented at Tell el-Ghaba in the destruction layer (L0001) of Area I. The bowls have a flattened flanged rim that slopes down to

105. Aston 1998, p. 588-589, fig. 2422.106. López Grande, Quesada Sanz 1995, pl. XXVII d. §72.107. Defernez, Isnard 2000, p. 177, pl. XVII; Brissaud 1987a, nos. 123 and 127; Wodzinska 2011, p. 218, no. 67.108. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 32, no. 268.109. Marchand 1996, p. 175, nos. 3 and 7.110. French, Ghaly 1991, p. 112, nos. 57 and 58.111. Defernez 1997, nos. 1 and 2.112. Fischer 1965, pl. 63, no. 479.113. Spencer 1993, pl. 50, A3.95 and pl. 51, A3.98.114. French 1986, fig. 9.15, SB4.3.1 (N).115. Defernez 2001, p. 100, pl. XIV, 34a. Rim diameter: 13-16 cm.116. Defernez 2001, pl. I, 2b, Phase VII. “Les jattes ou bols hémisphériques. Ces récipients n’offrent pas une grande varieté typologique ; leur morphologie partage toujours des points communs : une panse hémispherique à parois moyennement épaisses, surmontée d’une lèvre courte, convexe, soulignée par une gorge peu profonde ; dans quelques cas rares, des sillons ornent la partie supérieure de la panse”.117. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 38, no. 393, G1, uncoated ware.118. Aston 1999, p. 215, 217, pl. 66, no. 1917.

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the interior of the bowl; their bases although fragmentary, seem to be flat or ring-based. Fabric: Nile B2 and Nile C1, uncoated ware. Rim diameter varies from small exemplar to larger ones. Similar type appeared in contexts of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Dynasties in Qantir.119

Paralells: Tell Maskhuta, flat base, flattened flanged rim. Date: Saite Period;120 Saqqara, date: Phase C;121 Tanis, Group 25, subtype C, rim diameter: 25-30 cm; fabric: A1;122 Amarna, South Tombs, SB4.4.1 (J) and SB4.3.1 (N);123 Mit Rahineh, pâte fine rougeâtre. Localisation: 32. 15/247.15, niveau 99.27. Mit. 95;124 Sais, Type 1: Bowls with internal ledge. Date: Phase I. Triangular rim, internal ledge, external groove;125 Hermopolis, A3.30;126 Dendera, dated to the Twenty First/Twenty Second Dynasties.127

– BL.5. (fig. 2b, k) Several siltware bowls (basins?) with incurved walls and trim-med flat rims are present in Area VIII. Fabric: Nile B2, uncoated ware. Rim diameter: 18-30 cm. They are attested in Area I and II in the destruction layers as well as in lower layers of both areas.

Paralells: Kom Rabi’a, rim diameter: 32 cm. Fabric: G4; date: Tenth-Ninth Cen-turies BC;128 Tell Maskhuta, bowl or basin, date: ca. 568-486 BC;129 Tanis;130 Mendes, Late Period;131 Kom Rabi’a.132

– BL.10 (fig. 2b, l) Siltware bowls with everted rims, undulated walls inside. Fabric: Nile B2, uncoated ware. Rim diameter: 34 cm. They are also present in Areas I and II.

119. Aston 1998, p. 589, nos. 2422-2423.120. Paice 1986-1987, fig. 4, no. 8 (Saite layers) and 10; Holladay 1982, p. 97, no. 1, ca. 568 BC.121. Aston, Aston 2010, Phase C.122. Defernez, Isnard 2000, p. 176, pl. XVI: «Bols ou coupes convexes à carène haute».123. French 1986, p. 181, fig. 9.15.124. Fischer 1959, p. 29, fig. 8, no. 75 and pl. 18b; Aston 1996, p. 170, fig. 68, no. 7125. Wilson 2011, plate 38, 3.1000, L3, P.2, FN 2/3.126. Spencer 1993, pl. 48.127. Zignani, Marchand, Morisot, Laisney, Thiebaut, Ubertini 1998, p. 490, fig. 19, no. 2.128. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 30, no. 196.129. Holladay 1982, p. 95, no. 6; p. 111, no.7, p. 117 no. 1.130. Brissaud 1987a, no. 148 and pl. VIII, no. 77.131. Wilson 1982, pl. XV no. 7.132. Aston, Jeffreys 2007, fig. 67, no. 595; Aston 1996, p. 33. Twentieth Dynasty.

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Paralells: Tanis, Group 24, subtype tipo B’.133 Fabric: A1. Date: Third Interme-diate Period; Qantir, fabric: fabrics I.B.02, I.D.01, I.E.01. Date: Ramesside contexts;134 Mendes, Level III;135 Tell el-Dab’a,136 Memphis, Twenty-Second Dynasty;137 Lahun, type 6, date Twenty-Second Twenty-Fourth Dynasties.138

Besides the aforementioned vessels, the following fragments were found: – Rim, neck and shoulder fragment of a wide mouthed, painted ware jar (fig. 3).

Ware: 5YR 6/6 reddish yellow. Slip: 7.5YR 7/4 pink. Painted lines inside and outside: 5YR 2.5/2 dark reddish brown. Outside decoration: one line on the rim (0,50 cm), four lines above the neck ridge (the upper three: 0,20 cm, the other 0,45 cm) and one below the neck ridge: 0,40 cm. Inside decoration: three? horizontal lines around the rim, ca. 0,30 cm wide.

– Amphorae rim fragments in Delta Marl F similar to those found in other Areas.139 They are imitations of Levantine types.

The imported wares recovered in Area VIII were:– Various fragments of “torpedo type” amphorae of Levantine origin.– Very small fragments of Cypriot fine “Black-on-Red” juglets with decoration

of lines and concentric circles.– The upper part of a three-handled pilgrim flask.– One fragment of a black polished pot (TG 45 fabric) which is unique at the site.

In summary, the archaeological work in 2010 Season revealed that the industrial quarter excavated in Area I extends to the west (Area VIII) and that Building K, which was partially uncovered, seems to be contemporaneous with Building B (Area I). The geomagnetic survey carried out by Tomasz Herbich detected several mud brick structures to the north, east and south of the excavated areas.

In general, the pottery vessels and fragments found in Area VIII are similar to those found in Areas I, II and VI. The study of new types will be the subject of fur-ther analyses.

133. Defernez, Isnard 2000, pl. XVI.134. Aston 1998, p. 123, nos. 196-200, p. 129, nos. 246-254, p. 147, no. 326, p. 157, p. 225-231, p. 239-241, p. 319, p. 327.135. Wilson 1982, pl. XIV, no. 12.136. Aston 1996, p. 142, fig. 40, no. 1 (K3436) and p. 143, fig. 41, no. 1 (K3437).137. Fischer 1965, pl. 62, nos. 545, 547, 549.138. Petrie, Brunton, Murray 1923, pl. LIX, types 6H y 6M.139. Lupo, Cremonte 2013.

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S. Lupo-C. Kohen, 2010 Season at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai. Preliminary Report

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Transcript of S. Lupo-C. Kohen, 2010 Season at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai. Preliminary Report